Title of the Term Paper Report

A Term Paper Report on

New Image Dithering Algorithms in Transform Domain

Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of

Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech)

in

Electronics and Communication Engineering

Under the guidance of Dr. B. Chandra Mohan (Professor)

Submitted by

N.V.Ramana P.Vamsidhar Ch.Krishna K.Rajesh T.Vamsi

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

Bapatla Engineering College

(Affiliated to Acharya Nagarjuna University)
1 Bapatla Engineering College, Bapatla

Title of the Term Paper Report

BAPATLA-523 001, A.P, INDIA June 2009

A Term Paper Report on

New Image Dithering Algorithms in Transform Domain

Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of

Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech)

in

Electronics and Communication Engineering

Under the guidance of Dr. B. Chandra Mohan (Professor)

Submitted by

N.V.Ramana P.Vamsidhar Ch.Krishna K.Rajesh T.Vamsi

Department of Electronics Engineering

2 Bapatla Engineering College, Bapatla

and Communication

Title of the Term Paper Report

Bapatla Engineering College

(Affiliated to Acharya Nagarjuna University)

BAPATLA-523 001, A.P, INDIA June 2009

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

Bapatla Engineering College

(Affiliated to Acharya Nagarjuna University)

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project entitled

REGION-BASED

WAVELET

TRANSFORM FOR IMAGE COMPRESSION

is the bonafide work

of N.V. Ramana (Y6EC408), P. Vamsidhar(Y6EC409), M. Ramyaswathi (Y6EC465), M. Vamsi Krishna (Y7EC475), and B. Srinadh (Y6EC432) submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech) in Electronics and Communication Engineering (ECE) by Acharya Nagarjuna University during the academic year 2008-2009.

Guide: 3 Bapatla Engineering College, Bapatla

Head of the Department:

Title of the Term Paper Report

Sri T. Krishna Chaitanya Lecturer Department of ECE Bapatla Engineering College Bapatla

Prof. B. Chandra Mohan Professor Department of ECE Bapatla Engineering College Bapatla

Acknowledgements
It is with the immense pleasure and heartfelt gratitude, I express my sincere thanks to for his useful suggestions, continuous guidance, and moral support for the progress of my work I express my sincere gratitude to Professor I am very much grateful to

4 Bapatla Engineering College, Bapatla

Title of the Term Paper Report (Ch.Krishna)

Abstract
The process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of The ithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering process of dithering.

5 Bapatla Engineering College, Bapatla

Title of the Term Paper Report

Contents

List of Figures
Page No.

Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Digital Image Dithering 1.2 Historical Perspectives Chapter 2 Digital Image Dithering Techniques 2.1 Spatial domain dithering 2.2 Transform domain dithering Chapter 3 Digital Image Dithering Algorithm 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) 3.2.1.Introduction to Discrete Fourier Transform 3.2.2.Properties of DFT 3.2.3.Advantages of DFT 3.2.4.Disadvantages of DFT 3.5.1.Proposed Dithering Algorithm 3.5.2.Experimental Results Chapter 4 Conclusions and Future Scope 6.1 Conclusions 6 Bapatla Engineering College, Bapatla 111 111 38 38 39 39 40 43 44 63 68 8 13 20 1 2 4

Title of the Term Paper Report 6.2 Future Scope Annexure-I Source Code References Resume 116 127 128 114

List of Figures
Page No

1.1 Illustration of a generic dithering model 3.1 Block diagram of image compression algorithm 3.2 Lena Image

2 49 50

List of Tables
Page No

1.1 Parameters in generic dithering model 3.1 image compression efficiency 3.2 Comparison of several parameters

2 49 50

7 Bapatla Engineering College, Bapatla

Title of the Term Paper Report

Chapter 1

Introduction
The ability to hide information or data without invoking suspicion is required in many applications, viz., copy right protection, data authentication, and security, which is having application in defense and military. These techniques are well known under terms of Cryptography, Steganography, and Watermarking.

1.1 Digital Image Dithering

The ability to hide information or data without invoking suspicion is required in many applications, viz., copy right protection, data authentication, and security, which is having application in defense and military.

1.2 Historical Perspectives

The history of digital image dithering dates back to early 19th century. There are examples of usage of dithering techniques for news paper industry and other applictions.authentication, and security, which is having application in defense and military.

8 Bapatla Engineering College, Bapatla

Title of the Term Paper Report

Guidelines for Submission:

Entire documentation should be in Times New Roman format Chapter Headings : 18 Bold Font size Precede with Chapter

number.

Side Headings in Chapter : Sub titles: Normal matter :

16 Font Size 14 Font Size 12 Normal

Each and every matter has to be Justified. The diagrams, Equations & Tables Must Present at their Respective Places

Each and every equation should enter in Object Object Microsoft Equation 3.o

Each and every block diagram should to be drawn not to be Copy and Paste. Left: 1.5 Top: 1 1 1

Page Margins:

Right : Bottom:

Every equation must be represented by some Equation No. Equations, Tables & Figures or Block Diagrams are to be Center aligned and present in respective places.

Header is The Project Title. Footer is College name and Page Number. Numbering the page Starts with 1st chapter. 1.5 line Spacing is to be Presented. Title of the Figure Should Place on Top of the Table. Description of the Figure or Block diagram should present beneath it.

9 Bapatla Engineering College, Bapatla

Title of the Term Paper Report

List of Contents, Tables, Figures & References are should present as shown.

The Reference that we are using in the documentation should indicate it with corresponding number (e.g. if 3rd ref. is used [3] is to be present).

Entire documentation should be around 50-75 pages. Entire thesis must be in Microsoft word *.doc format. Name of the file must refer to batch Number and year like batch109.doc

All the projects soft copies must be mailed to bececedept@gmail.com

10 Bapatla Engineering College, Bapatla

Title of the Term Paper Report

References
1.J.S.Pan,

H.C.Huang and L.C.Jain, Intelligent Watermarking Techniques, World

Scientific publishers, 2004, pp.7-8.

2.E.

Ganic and A. M. Eskicioglu, A DFT-Based Semi-Blind Multiple watermarking

Scheme for Images, 4th New York Metro Area Networking Workshop, The graduate Center, The City University of New York, September 10, 2004.
3.Sayood, 4.C.Ray

Data Compression, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 2002.

and J.L.Johan, A Survey of image compression standards, EURASIP Journal

on Signal Processing, vol.6, 2002, pp.613-621.

Resume

Name of the candidate: Regd No: Address for correspondence:

11 Bapatla Engineering College, Bapatla

Title of the Term Paper Report

Email id: Phone : Academic Record: Course S.S.C Intermediate B.Tech (Upto 1st Sem) Academic Achievements Placement: GATE Score: GRE/TOEFL : GMAT: Papers presented: Others (NCC,NSS,Maths Olympiad, Sports etc): College Class % Marks

Guidelines for Submission:

1. 2. 3. 4.

Margins: Left : 1.5, Top,bottom,right: 1.0 Font: Times New Roman and Font size is 12 Chapter Headings : 18 Font size Side Headings in Chapter : 16 Font Size

12 Bapatla Engineering College, Bapatla

Title of the Term Paper Report

5.

All the pages, Figures, Tables must be numbered and captioned properly.

6. 7. 8.

Line Spacing is 1.5. Entire thesis must be in Microsoft word *.doc format. Name of the file must refer to batch Number and year like batch109.doc

9.

All the projects soft copies must be mailed to bececedept@gmail.com

13 Bapatla Engineering College, Bapatla