TheaSelina Davis Asian Architectural House

MAPEH (ARTS)

A. East China (Chinese Architecture) 1.) Two examples of their Architectural Arts A. The Temple of Heaven B. Giant Wild Goose Pagoda 2.) Picture and Location A.) The Temple of Heaven, Beijing

B.) Giant Wild Goose Pagoda, Xi'an, Shaanxi province

3.) History A. The Temple of Heaven

The temple complex was constructed from 1406 to 1420 during the reign of the Yongle Emperor, who was also responsible for the construction of the Forbidden Cityin Beijing. The complex was extended and renamed Temple of Heaven during the reign of the Jiajing Emperor in the 16th century. The Jiajing Emperor also built three other prominent temples in Beijing, the Temple of Sun ()in the east, the Temple of Earth ()in the north, and the Temple of Moon ()in the west . The Temple of Heaven was renovated in the 18th century under the Qianlong Emperor. Due to the deterioration of state budget, this became the last large-scale renovation of the temple complex in the imperial time. The temple was occupied by the Anglo-French Alliance during the Second Opium War. In 1900, during the Boxer Rebellion, the Eight Nation Alliance occupied the temple complex and turned it into the force's temporary command in Beijing, which lasted for one year. The occupation desecrated the temple and resulted in serious damage to the building complex and the garden. Robberies of temple artifacts by the Alliance were also reported. With the downfall of the Qing, the temple complex was left unmanaged. The neglect of the temple complex led to the collapse of several halls in the following years.[2] In 1914, Yuan Shikai, then President of the Republic of China, performed a Ming prayer ceremony at the temple, as part of an effort to have himself declared Emperor of China. In 1918 the temple was turned into a park and for the first time open to the public.

B. Giant Wild Goose Pagoda The original pagoda was built during the reign of Emperor Gaozong of Tang (r. 649-683), then standing at a height of 54 m (177 ft).[1] However, this construction of rammed earth with a stone exterior facade eventually collapsed five decades later. The ruling Empress Wu Zetian had the pagoda rebuilt and added five new stories by the year 704 AD. However, a massive earthquake in 1556 heavily damaged the pagoda and reduced it by three stories, to its current height of seven stories.[2] The entire structure leans very perceptibly (several degrees) to the west. Its related structure, the 8th century Small Wild Goose Pagoda in Xi'an, only suffered minor damage in the 1556 earthquake (still unrepaired to this day). [2] The Giant Wild Goose Pagoda was extensively repaired

during the Ming Dynasty (13681644) and renovated again in 1964. The pagoda currently stands at a height of 64 m (210 ft) tall and from the top it offers views over the current city of Xi'an. During the Tang Dynasty the pagoda was located within the grounds of a monastery, within a walled ward of the larger southeastern sector of the city, then known as Chang'an.[3][4] The monastic grounds around the pagoda during the Tang Dynasty had ten courtyards and a total of 1,897 bays.[3][5] In those days graduate students of the Advanced Scholars examination in Chang'an inscribed their names at this monastery.[3]

4.) Purpose A. The Temple of Heaven was visited by the Emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties for annual ceremonies of prayer to Heaven for good harvest. B. One of the pagoda's many functions was to hold sutras and figurines of the Buddha that were brought to China from India by the Buddhist translator and traveler Xuanzang.

Japan (Japanese Architecture) 1. Two examples of their Architectural Arts

A.) Tomb of Ieyasu B.) Horyu-ji Temple

2. Picture and Location

A. Nikk, Tochigi Prefecture, Japan

B. Horyu-ji Temple, Nara, Japan

3. History A.) Tsh-g is dedicated to Tokugawa Ieyasu, the founder of the Tokugawa shogunate. Initially built in 1617, during the Edo period, while Ieyasu's son Hidetada was shogun, it was enlarged during the time of the third shogun, Iemitsu. Ieyasu is enshrined here, and his remains are entombed here. During the Edo period, the Tokugawa shogunate carried out stately processions from Edo to the NikkTsh-g along the NikkKaid. The shrine's annual spring and autumn festivals reenact these occasions, and are known as "processions of a thousand warriors."

B.)Founded by Prince Shotoku in 607 long before Kyoto was capital of Japan, Horyuji is a large temple south of Nara which houses the oldest wooden buildings in the world.Horyuji was one of the Seven Great Temples of Nara, which flourished before the capital was moved to Kyoto at the end of the 8th century. 4. Purpose A.) It is part of the "Shrines and Temples of Nikk", a UNESCOWorld Heritage Site. B.) a Buddhist temple in Ikaruga,Nara Prefecture, Japan. Its full name is HryGakumonji or Learning Temple of the Flourishing Law, the complex serving as both a seminary and monastery.

Korea (Korean Architecture)

1.) Two examples of its architectural arts, Picture and Location. A.) Cheomseongdae, Gyeongju, South Korea

B.) Wongudan Altar, Jung-gu, Seoul, South Korea.

2.) History A.) Cheomseongdae was constructed under the reign of Queen Seondeok (632-647) near the capital of the kingdom. Cheomseongdae means "star gazing platform". The tower is built out of 362 pieces of cut granite which some claim represent the 362 days of the lunar year. Some surveys of the site have indicated that there are 366 blocks.[2] It has 27 circular layers of stones (some associate it with the fact that Queen Seondeok was considered to be the 27th ruler of Silla or the constellation of stars) surmounted by a square structure. 12 of the layers are below the window level and 12 are above. There are 12 large base stones set in a square, with three stones on each side. These sets of 12 may symbolize the months of the year.

B.)