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INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF STUDY PROBLEM STATEMENT RATIONAL OF STUDY RESEARCH OBJECTIVE RESEARCH QUESTION
BACKGROUND OF STUDY
Demographic data indicate that the population of adults ages 65 and older is growing at an increasing rate. By 2030, there will be about 70 million elderly, more than twice their number in 1997. People 65 and older are projected to represent 13% of population in the year 2000 but will be 20% by 2030 (Administration on Aging, 1998). As the number of elderly in the population continues to grow, counsellors will increasingly be faced with meeting the needs of elderly and their families. With a growing population of older adults who will seek psychological services to address the needs of older adults, a need to understand and give light to older adults experiences of the counselling process is very important (Foster, Kreider, & Waugh, 2009; Gellis, Sherman, & Lawrance, 2003; Hillman, Stricker, & Zweig, 1997; Hillman & Stricker, 1998; Qualls et al. 2002).
PROBLEM STATEMENT
For many young counsellors, providing counselling for persons of elderly with diverse ethnic and racial backgrounds is a challenge. Not only do counsellors have to apply good counselling skills to the session but they also have to be aware of personal biases and be sensitive to issues of cultural diversity (Sue, Arredondo, & McDavis, 1992). Increased numbers of older people and a continued lengthening of the life span signal the need to expand counselling services to a population often overlooked--the older adult. While the elderly for 25 percent of the national total spent on health care, they are underrepresented in receiving psychological aid. Older adults are healthier and better educated than ever before, concerned about the quality of life as well as the length of it.
SIGNIFICANT OF STUDY
Counselors - better understand and improve their service Readers - can enrich the readers understanding Other researcher - guide to other researchers where they want to know more
RESEARCH OBJECTIVE
The following are the research objectives:
To understand general opinion regarding counselling with elderly To review multicultural competence in elderly counselling To study process of engaging in elderly counselling To evaluate counsellor practice in elderly counselling To study strategies and recommendations in elderly counselling
RESEARCH QUESTION
The following are the research question:
What is general opinion regarding counselling with elderly? What type of multicultural competence in elderly counselling? How the process of engaging in elderly counselling? How to evaluate counsellor practice in elderly counselling? What strategies and recommendations in elderly counselling?
LITERATURE REVIEW
CURRENT STATUS OF PRACTICE WITH ELDERLY IN COUNSELLING PSYCHOLOGY MULTICULTURAL COMPETENT COUNSELLING
METHODOLOGY
RESPONDENTS PROCEDURE INSTRUMENTS
RESPONDENTS
REGISTERED COUNSELLOR ELDERLY CLIENT
Chinese
Malay
Muslim
63 years old
Male
Male
Oikos counseling
PROCEDURE
Identification
Interview
Transcription
INSTRUMENTS
QUALITATIVE METHOD
SEMI-STRUCTURED INTERVIEW
INSTRUMENTS
REGISTERED COUNSELOR
Personal and professional backgrounds General opinions regarding elderly counselling in Malaysia. Multicultural counselling concepts in elderly counselling Multicultural competence in elderly counselling Work experience in elderly counselling Process of engaging with diversity especially in elderly counselling Evaluation practice in counselling with elderly Strategies and recommendations in elderly counselling in Malaysia.
ELDERLY
Personal and professional backgrounds
Knowledge/Understanding
Counsellors must have knowledge. Good at taking care. They must have the knowledge to know the people problem. There must be a level of perfection. Not everyone can give counselling. Who are attend in counselling usually have a problem. And those who are come usually can involve in counselling process. (Respondent 2: Line 32)
Skills
We must have good skills and technique for counselling sessions with the elderly. With good skills, sessions will work more comfortably. (Respondent 1: Line 198)
discussions with the family. In addition, I also do family counselling. This is important for children to be more understanding and empathy for their parents. Usually I will continue with the next session when needed. (Respondent 1: Line 148)
Usually, I make a case study and discussion with the doctor, therapy and other counsellors such as my colleagues, supervisors and guardian of elderly in old folks home. I also have to make consultation with the client's family. Sometime I get feedback from family members about the client. (Respondent 1: Line 175)
Empathy
We should empathy for the elderly emotionally and attitudes. In addition, we should have an understanding of the needs of the elderly. (Respondent 1: Line 192) Empathy was very-very important to understand their feeling. (Respondent 1: Line 204)
CONCLUSION
IMPLICATIONS LIMITATION SUGGESTIONS CONCLUSION
LIMITATION
CONCLUSION
Counselling the elderly most often requires a holistic approach--consistent with lifestyle counselling Counsellors should treat older clients with respect: emphasizing their strengths, not weaknesses; developing independence while diminishing dependence and; encouraging decision making and action taking Counsellors who chose to work with the elderly population must have significant knowledge of their specific issues, experiences, and concerns. Counselling services with the elderly need to be introduced and highlighted in order to the elderly know that there are counselling services for them.
REFERENCE
Gott, M. (2005). Sexuality, sexual health, and aging. Berkshire: Open University Press. Hinrichsen, G. A. (2006). Why multicultural issues matter for practitioners working with older adults. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 37, 29-35. Qualls, S. H., Segal, D. L., Norman, S., Niederehe, G., & Gallagher-Thompson, D. (2002). Psychologists in practice with older adults: Current patterns, sources of training, and need for continuining education. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 33, 435-442. Rainsford, C. (2002). Counselling older adults. Reviews in Clinical Gerontology, 12, 159-164. Ryan, E. B., & Butler, R. N. (1996). Communication, aging, and health: toward understanding health provider relationships with older clients. Health Communication, 8, 191-197. Schaie, K. W. (1993). Ageist language in psychological research. American Psychologist, 48, 49-51. Sue, D.W. (2001). Multidimensional facets of cultural competence. The Counseling Psychologist, 29, 790-821. Sue, D.W. (2001). Multidimensional facets of cultural competence. The Counseling Psychologist, 29, 790-821.
Q&A