PROBLEM 3.

85
KNOWN: Dimensions and properties of a composite wall exposed to convective or insulated conditions. FIND: (a) Maximum wall temperature for left face insulated and right face convectively cooled, (b) Sketch the steady-state temperature distribution of part (a), (c) Sketch the steady-state temperature distribution with reversed boundary conditions. SCHEMATIC:
LA = 20 mm LB = 13 mm T = 20C A LA x . . . Case 1: qA = 5000 W/m 3; qB = qC = 0 . . . Case 2: qA = qB = 0; qC = 5000 W/m3 B LB C LC h = 10 W/m 2K TS LC = 20 mm kA = 0.24 W/mK kB = 0.13 W/mK kC = 0.50 W/mK

ASSUMPTIONS: (1) Steady-state conditions, (2) One-dimensional heat transfer, (3) Uniform volumetric energy generation. ANALYSIS: (a) The heat flux through materials B and C is constant and is q = q A (LA ) = 5000 W/m3 0.02 m = 100 W/m 2 The thermal resistance network that spans from x = LA to the coolant is
R t,c R t,cond,B R t,c R t,cond,C
TS TA (x = LA) TB (x = LA) TC(x = LA + LB) TB(x = LA + LB)

R t,conv
T

The thermal resistances are: R = 0.01m 2 K/w t,c

R t,cond,B = LB 0.013 m m2 K = = 0.1 kB 0.13 W/m K W

R t,cond,C =

LC 0.020 m m2 K = = 0.04 kC 0.50 W/m K W

Continued

PROBLEM 3.85 (Cont.)

R t,conv = 1 1 m2 K = = 0.1 h 10 W/m 2 K W m2 K W

The total thermal resistance is

R = (0.01 + 0.1 + 0.01 + 0.04 + 0.1) = 0.26 t,tot

Therefore,
TA (x=L A ) = q(R ) + T = 100 W/m 2 0.26 t,tot m2 K + 20C = 46C W

The maximum temperature occurs at x = 0 and may be evaluated by using Eq. 3.48 as follows
TA (x=0) = TA (x=LA ) + A q A L2 5000 W/m3 (0.02 m) 2 = 46C + 2k A 2 0.24 W/m K

TA(x=0) = Tmax = 50.2C

<

(b) To sketch the temperature distribution, we begin by evaluating the temperatures shown in the thermal resistance network. Working from the coolant side,
2 2 Ts = T + q (R t,conv ) = 20C + 100 W/m 0.1 m K/W = 30C 2 2 TC (x = LA + LB ) = Ts + q (R t,cond,C ) = 30C + 100 W/m 0.04 m K/W = 34C

TB (x = LA + LB ) = TC (x = L A + L B ) + q(R ) = 34C + 100 W/m 2 0.01 t,c

m2 K = 35C W

2 2 TB (x = LA ) = TB (x = LA + L B ) + q(R t,cond,B ) = 35C + 100 W/m 0.1 m K/W = 45C

and from part (a), TA(x = LA) = 46C. The temperature distribution is sketched below. (c) For case 2, the heat flux in the range 0 x LA + LB is zero. Hence the boundary at x = LA + LB acts as an insulated surface for material C. Therefore, from Eq. 3.43,
Tmax =Tc (x = LA + LB ) = Ts + C qL2 5000 W/m3 (0.02m)2 = 30C + = 32C 2k C 2 0.50 W/m K

The temperature distribution is sketched below.

Continued

PROBLEM 3.85 (Cont.)

Wall Temperature Distribution 55

50

45
T (C)

40

35

30

25 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 x (m) 0.04 0.05 0.06

Case 1 temperature distribution.

Wall Temperture Distribution 34

33

32
T (C)

31

30

29

28 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 x (m) 0.04 0.05 0.06

Case 2 temperature distribution.

COMMENTS: If the heat flux due to conduction in the x-direction is zero, the temperature gradient, dT/dx, must be zero. This is a direct consequence of Fouriers law, and holds under all conditions.