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The Primary Goal is to Create Reference Material to Guide Shipyard Rigging Engineers on Proper Analysis of Lifted Ship Structure
Safety Defining the Problem, and its Variables Results in a Greater Likelihood of a Successful Lift Training Having Relevant Reference Material Increases the Versatility of Engineers Cost Greater Understanding Will Lead to More Efficient Solutions, and a Reduction of Overly Conservative Designs
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82-96 Ton deck and shell block: Lift, Lift and turn, Lift (53x 52x 13)
44 Ton small house block: Lift and turn (77x 38x 10)
Lifted Dynamics
Lifted Dynamics
Lifted Dynamics
Accelerometer
Lifted Dynamics
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Twisting of Load
Along with Swinging, most prevalent dynamic recorded Coupled with swinging Periods of motion typically 4 to 30 (sec) Highly variable since depends on: Block mass Block mass moment of inertia Height of rigging Attachment location of rigging Lifted structure displays regular and chaotic motion
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Strain Gauges Allow Confirmation of Predicted Stresses and Show Variability of Stresses During Lift:
Dynamic Loads: Short Period Dynamic Oscillation of Structure Operational Effects: Long Erratic Period, or Variable
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Operational Variables
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Operation Variables
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Operation Variables
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Operational Variables
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Operational Variables
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If Operation is Complex and Difficult or Impossible to Project Exactly What Will Take Place, High Design Factors are Warranted.
Uncertainly for weight.
Small sampling of historical maximum errors
Dynamics from swinging, twisting Two crane lift hook height variance Two crane lift positional tolerances (tug-o-war)
Typical seen in this project, similar found in references Doubling of sling tension possible but rare
Statically indeterminate lifting arrangements Ground effects on internal moments during first lift
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Finite Element Analysis Can Create Accurate Estimates of Complex Structure. But How Much Detail Should be Included?
All structure and outfitting? Bulkheads, Frames, Longitudinal, Brackets, Foundations, Outfitting Bulkheads, Frames, Longitudinal, Brackets, Foundations Bulkheads, Frames, Longitudinals Bulkheads, Frames
All structure?
Primary and secondary planes of structure? Primary planes of structure? If an estimate of stress is all that is desired, modeling only primary and secondary planes of structure gives reasonable result. 50-80% of mass modeled with gravity increased
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Summary
The Lift of Most Steel Ship Blocks Probably Does Not Result in Significant Global Stresses
Highest stresses are typically in the padeyes or near their attachment Highly outfitted lifts of units with minimal structure are exception
FEA Can Significantly Aid The Analysis of Large Complex Structures Simplification of FEA Can Significantly Reduce The Amount of Detail Required in a Structural Model Without Significant Sacrifice to Accuracy or Predicted Stresses
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Questions?
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