CHAPTER 15: IS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE REAL?

Multiple Choice: 1. Artificial intelligence is the study of ideas which enable computers to do the things that make people seem intelligent. This commonly used definition of AI is a quote by: A. Alan Turing. B. Patrick Henry Winston. C. Phil Knight. D. Bill Gates. Answer: B Moderate 2. Reference: What Is Artificial Intelligence? Difficulty:

The imitation game was developed by ____________ to demonstrate a computers intelligence. A. Alan Turing B. Patrick Henry Winston C. the U.S. Dept. of Defense D. Bill Gates

Answer: A Moderate 3.

Reference: Can Machines Think?

Difficulty:

The simulation approach in regard to AI includes all of the following problems EXCEPT: A. people dont always know how they do things. B. the brain can perform parallel processing, which is difficult for computers. C. machines operate differently than the brain. D. we know how the brain functions and can simulate that in a computer.

Answer: D Moderate

Reference: What Is Artificial Intelligence?

Difficulty:

4.

One of the first popular domains for AI research was:

A. the checkerboard. B. solitaire. C. chess. D. parallel processing. Answer: A Moderate 5. Reference: Opening Games Difficulty:

Traditional AI techniques still used today include all of the following EXCEPT: A. searching. B. heuristics. C. pattern recognition. D. parallel processing.

Answer: D Challenging 6.

Reference: Opening Games

Difficulty:

Machine learning involves: A. learning from a successful move. B. copying the knowledge of a human to a computer. C. loading numerous games and playing them regularly. D. making numerous mistakes so the computer can learn.

Answer: A Moderate 7.

Reference: Opening Games

Difficulty:

A primary outcome of the automatic language translation program was the realization that: A. humans are faster and more accurate. B. computers are faster and more accurate. C. computers make fewer errors than humans. D. computers can accurately translate 99% of the text.

Answer: A Easy

Reference: Machine Translation Traps

Difficulty:

8.

AltaVistas Babel Fish Web site is a(n): A. language translation program. B. wealth of information about species of fish. C. AI search engine. D. AI organizational page of information.

Answer: A Moderate 9.

Reference: Machine Translation Traps

Difficulty:

A typical problem of natural-language communication is: A. tone inflection. B. the limited vocabulary of natural language. C. the use of accents. D. the enormous vocabulary of natural language.

Answer: D Moderate 10.

Reference: Nonsense and Common Sense

Difficulty:

Syntax, a problem with natural-language communication, is: A. the tone inflection of human language. B. the natural accent of the human voice. C. a set of rules for common expressions. D. a set of rules for constructing sentences from words.

Answer: D Moderate 11.

Reference: Nonsense and Common Sense

Difficulty:

Semantics, a problem with natural-language communication, refers to: A. the underlying meaning of words and phrases. B. a set of rules for constructing sentences from words. C. the natural accent of the human voice. D. the tone inflection of human language.

Answer: A Moderate

Reference: Nonsense and Common Sense

Difficulty:

12.

The most successful natural-language applications:

A. keep the scope of their work very wide and nebulous. B. limit the scope of their field. C. keep the rules very flexible and variable. D. discard common sense as unimportant. Answer: B Easy 13. Reference: Nonsense and Common Sense Difficulty:

When it comes to the areas of data and knowledge, computers are much better at handling: A. knowledge first, then processing the data. B. knowledge than data. C. data than knowledge. D. only knowledge.

Answer: C Easy 14.

Reference: Knowledge Bases and Expert Systems

Difficulty:

A typical database contains: A. rules, facts, and relationships. B. only rules and relationships. C. simulation of human thinking. D. only facts.

Answer: D Moderate 15.

Reference: Knowledge Bases

Difficulty:

When a computer can correctly recognize faces of users with a high degree of reliability, it is using: A. fuzzy logic. B. pattern recognition. C. image analysis. D. OCR.

Answer: C Easy

Reference: Image Analysis

Difficulty:

16.

A knowledge base contains: A. rules, facts, and relationships.

B. only rules and relationships. C. simulation of human thinking. D. only facts. Answer: A Moderate 17. Reference: Knowledge Bases Difficulty:

A software program designed to replicate the decision-making process of a human expert is a(n): A. data system. B. database. C. expert system. D. semantic system.

Answer: C Moderate 18.

Reference: Artificial Experts

Difficulty:

Using the knowledge of an expert in a particular field in order to duplicate it into a program is the creation of a(n): A. expert system. B. database. C. fuzzy logic system. D. pattern recognition system.

Answer: A Easy 19.

Reference: Artificial Experts

Difficulty:

When a conclusion is stated as a probability rather than an exact fact, it is known as: A. an expert system. B. a database. C. fuzzy logic. D. a pattern recognition system.

Answer: C Moderate

Reference: Artificial Experts

Difficulty:

20.

XCON, a system at American Express, and a system at Blue Cross/Blue Shield of Virginia are all examples of: A. expert systems. B. databases.

C. fuzzy logic. D. pattern recognition systems. Answer: A Moderate 21. Reference: Expert Systems in Action Difficulty:

Expert systems primarily started in the: A. insurance field. B. medical field. C. aviation field. D. library reference field.

Answer: B Easy 22.

Reference: Expert Systems in Action

Difficulty:

The field of AI that covers fingerprint identification, handwriting recognition, and weather forecasting is: A. pattern recognition. B. image analysis. C. parsing programs. D. fuzzy logic.

Answer: A Moderate 23.

Reference: Pattern Recognition: Making Sense of the World

Difficulty:

The task of identifying recurring patterns in input data with the eventual understanding or categorizing of that input is known as: A. fuzzy logic. B. automatic translation. C. a parsing program. D. pattern recognition.

Answer: D Moderate

Reference: Pattern Recognition: Making Sense of the World

Difficulty:

24.

What aspect of artificial intelligence represents half of the industry? A. Fuzzy logic B. Automatic translation C. Parsing programs

D. Pattern recognition Answer: D Moderate 25. Reference: Pattern Recognition: Making Sense of the World Difficulty:

_____________ is the process of identifying objects and shapes in a photograph, drawing, video, or other visual image. A. Pattern recognition B. Image analysis C. OCR D. Fuzzy logic

Answer: B Easy 26.

Reference: Image Analysis

Difficulty:

The U.S. Postal Service sorts much of its mail using: A. OCR. B. fuzzy logic. C. image analysis. D. pattern recognition.

Answer: A Moderate 27.

Reference: Optical Character Recognition

Difficulty:

OCR stands for: A. original character representation. B. optical character recognition. C. optical computer reply. D. original character recognition.

Answer: B Easy

Reference: Optical Character Recognition

Difficulty:

28.

More advanced speech recognition programs that have the ability to recognize speech without being trained by a speaker are known as: A. OCR. B. speaker independent. C. digitized speech. D. synthetic speech systems.

Answer: B Moderate 29.

Reference: Automatic Speech Recognition

Difficulty:

When a computers speech sounds like the speech of a human, it is using: A. OCR. B. synthetic speech. C. speech synthesis. D. prerecorded commentary.

Answer: C Moderate 30.

Reference: Talking Computers

Difficulty:

The primary successes of intelligent applications tend to have all of the following characteristics EXCEPT: A. logical rules. B. unstructured logic. C. sequential thinking. D. orderly relationships.

Answer: B Moderate 31.

Reference: Neural Networks

Difficulty:

A network of a few thousand simple processors is called a _________ network. A. neural B. cerebral C. rational D. robot

Answer: A Moderate

Reference: Neural Networks

Difficulty:

32.

An example of a ____________ network is American Express reading and analyzing millions of charge slips each day or recognizing patterns in huge quantities of data, such as the stock market. A. neural B. cerebral C. rational D. robot

Answer: A Moderate 33.

Reference: Neural Networks

Difficulty:

A computer-controlled machine designed to perform specific manual tasks is known as a(n): A. speech synthesizer. B. AI. C. robot. D. OCR.

Answer: C Easy 34.

Reference: What Is a Robot?

Difficulty:

Robots are quite effective in all of the following EXCEPT: A. cleaning up hazardous waste. B. doing repetitive jobs. C. working 24/7. D. doing work that requires fine-motor skills.

Answer: D Moderate

Reference: Steel-Collar Workers

Difficulty:

Fill in the Blank:

35.

AI stands for ____________.

Answer: artificial intelligence Reference: Alan Turing, Military Intelligence, and Intelligent Machines Difficulty: Easy 36. ____________ is the process of breaking complex jobs into manageable pieces and completing these tasks simultaneously. Reference: What Difficulty: Moderate Is Artificial Intelligence?

Answer: Parallel processing

37.

A(n) ____________ is a rule of thumb. Reference: Difficulty: Challenging Opening Games

Answer: heuristic 38.

One AI technique that is still used today is ____________, the process of looking at possibilities and choosing one that is most probable for success. Reference: Difficulty: Moderate Opening Games

Answer: searching 39.

The ____________ technique rapidly repeats a simple operation until an answer is found. Reference: Difficulty: Challenging Opening Games

Answer: brute-force 40.

Every natural language has a(n) ____________, a set of rules for constructing sentences from words. Reference: Nonsense Difficulty: Moderate and Common Sense

Answer: syntax 41.

The most successful natural-language applications limit their ____________, or affected area, so that rules can be clean and unambiguous. Reference: Nonsense Difficulty: Easy and Common Sense

Answer: domain 42.

____________ allows a computer to output words in English or another language. Reference: Difficulty: Moderate Talking Computers

Answer: Speech synthesis 43.

Between humans and computers, ____________ are better at comprehending and identifying relationships among facts. Reference: Knowledge Difficulty: Moderate Bases and Expert Systems

Answer: humans 44.

A database contains only facts, while a(n) ____________ also contains a system of rules for determining and changing the relationship among those facts. Reference: Knowledge Difficulty: Challenging Bases and Expert Systems

Answer: knowledge base 45.

A(n) ____________ is a software program designed to replicate the decision-making process of a human expert. Reference: Difficulty: Moderate Artificial Experts

Answer: expert system 46.

Since most human decision making involves ambiguity, ____________ allows for conclusions that are based on probabilities rather than certainties. Reference: Difficulty: Moderate Artificial Experts

Answer: fuzzy logic 47.

An expert system is based on the knowledge of a(n) ____________.

Answer: expert

Reference: Difficulty: Moderate

Artificial

Experts

48.

Because of the orderly and well-documented information of the industry, the ____________ field was the area used for some of the first successful expert systems. Reference: Difficulty: Moderate Artificial Experts

Answer: medical 49.

The process of ____________ is used for recognizing and recoloring classic motion pictures or piloting cruise missiles. Reference: Difficulty: Challenging Image Analysis

Answer: image analysis 50.

____________ text is more difficult than printed text for a computer to recognize accurately. Reference: Difficulty: Easy Optical Character Recognition

Answer: Handwritten 51.

____________ voice recognition systems have the ability to recognize speech without being trained by an individual speaker. Speech Recognition

Answer: Speaker independent Reference: Automatic Difficulty: Moderate 52.

Most modern robots include ____________ that accept new input and enable robots to correct or modify their actions based on feedback from the outside world. Reference: What Difficulty: Challenging Is a Robot?

Answer: sensors 53.

____________ is the playing of prerecorded speech stored on a computer. Reference: Difficulty: Moderate Talking Computers

Answer: Digitized speech 54.

With ____________ software or hardware, PCs can recite typed text, but with artificial and robotic voices. Reference: Difficulty: Moderate Talking Computers

Answer: speech synthesis 55.

A(n) ____________ uses a network of a few thousand simple processors that work simultaneously. Reference: Difficulty: Challenging Neural Networks

Answer: neural network 56.

A(n) ____________ is a computer-controlled machine designed to perform specific manual tasks. Reference: What Difficulty: Moderate Is a Robot?

Answer: robot 57.

____________ is the application of AI concepts to networks, rather than only to individual computers.

Answer: Distributed intelligence Reference: AI Implications and Ethical Questions Difficulty: Moderate

58.

In the workplace, ____________ primarily take over tasks that are boring, dirty, or dangerous and which humans often do not want, cannot do, or get very tired of doing. Reference: What Difficulty: Moderate Is a Robot?

Answer: robots

Matching:

59.

Match the following terms to their meanings: I. Turing test A. software designed to replicate the knowledge of a

human expert II. Expert system III. Automatic translation IV. Checkers and chess V. Syntax VI. Semantics VII. Domain VIII. ELIZA IX. Database natural language X. Knowledge base Answers: D, A, G, F, B, C, J, I, H, E J. the world that the application deals with Reference: Multiple Difficulty: Challenging locations B. set of rules for constructing sentences from words C. the real meaning of words and phrases D. if it acts intelligent, it is intelligent E. contains facts and relationships F. the first area of AI research G. Spanish hola for English hello H. contains only facts I. one of the first software programs to converse in

60.

Match the following AI techniques to their specific examples: I. Searching row as long as II. Heuristics probably opt to use it III. Pattern recognition if I choose other optionthen this other IV. Machine learning Queen is to the right the proper move is A. in a game of checkers, keep checkers in the kings possible B. a chess move is successful, the computer will more often in the future and vice versa

C. there are five possible chess moves in this situation, thisthen this happens; if I choose this thing happens; etc. D. if the knight chess piece is in this square and the with the opponents King straight in front, then Reference: Difficulty: Moderate Opening Games

Answers: C, A, D, B

Dai lam: 1. Which of the fllowing is a disadvantage of a neural network? Function with only complete or well stuctured information. 2. What is the biggest problem with neural network? The way the hidden layer functions.

3. What is the biggest problem with neural network?( chu y cau tren co da dung , cau nay ko co dap an). The way the input layer functions The way the output layer functions The way the hidden layer system None of the above

4. A(n) ---- is an artificial intelligence system that is capable of finding and differentiating patterns: Fuzzy Genetich Decision None of the bove (Dap an la Neural network)

5. Which of the follow describes a genetic algorithm? An AI An optimizing

Analyse the Finds the combination of inputs that give the best outputs.

6. Which of the follow describes a genetic algorithm? An AI An optimizing Finds the combination of inputs that give the best inputs. (khac cau tren) None of the above

7. A typical database contains Rules, facts and relationships Only rules and relationships Simulation of human thinking All of the above

8. A typical database contains ( chu y o tren co cau tuong tu nhung no chon la only fact) con day la dap an trong dia Only facts Only rules and relationships Simulation of human thinking None of the above

9. What aspect of AI represents half of the industry? fuzzy logic automatic translation parsing program none of the above

10. A computer controlled machine designed to perform specific manual tasks is known as a(n). Speech synthesizer. Ai

Ocr Nonce of the above

11. When a computer can correctly recognize faces of users with a high degree of reliability it is using: Fuzzy logic Pattern recognition Ocr None of the above (dap an la image analysis)

12. What are the three la;yers of a neural network? Input, output and decision Input, output Input, output and highlighted None of the above

13. A typical problem of natural-language communication is: B. tone inflection. C. the limited vocabulary of natural language. D. the use of accents. E. None of the above( dap an la: the enormous vocabulary of natural language.)

Zeroday Group pht hnh tip n phm AI :D

P a

r t 1
1. What is the terrm used for describing the judgmental or commonsense part of problem solving ? a) Heuristic b) Critical c) Value based d) Analytical 2. What stage of the manufacturing process has been described as "the mapping of function onto form" ? a) Design b) Distribution c) Project management d) Field service 3. Which kind of planning consists of successive representations of different levels of a plan?
a) hierarchical planning the above b) non-hierarchical planning d) project planning c) All of

4. What was originally called the "imitation game" by its creator ?

a) The Turing Test Logic Theorist

b)LISP c)The d) Cybernetics

5. Decision support programs are designed to help managers make: a) budget projections b) visual presentations c) business decisions d) vacation schedules

Des advertise

15. Weak AI is A. the embodiment of human intellectual capabilities within a computer. B. a set of computer programs that produce output that would be considered to reflect intelligence if it were generated by humans. C. the study of mental faculties through the use of mental models implemented on a computer. D. All of the above 16. In LISP, the function assigns the symbol x to y is a) (setq y x) b) (set y = 'x')

c) (setq y = 'x')

d) (setq y 'x')

17. In LISP, the function returns t if <object> is a CONS cell and nil otherwise: A. (cons <object>) B. (consp <object>) C. (eq <object>) 18. In a rule-based system, procedural domain knowledge is in the form of: A. production rules B. rule interpreters C. meta-rules

D. (cous = <object>)

D. control rules

19. If a robot can alter its own trajectory in response to external conditions, it is considered to be: A. Intelligent B. Mobile C. open loop D. non-servo 20. One of the leading American robotics centers is the Robotics Institute located at: A. CMU B. MIT C. RAND D. SRI 21. In LISP, the function returns the first element of a list Is A. set B. car C. first D. second 22. Nils Nilsson headed a team at SRI that created a mobile robot named: A. Robitics B. Dedalus C. Shakey D. Vax 23. An AI technique that allows computers to understand associations and relationships between objects and events is called: A. heuristic processing B. cognitive science C. relative symbolism D. pattern matching 24. The new organization established to implement the Fifth Generation Project is called: A. ICOT (Institute for New Generation Computer Technology) B. MITI (Ministry of International Trade and Industry) C. MCC (Microelectronics and Computer Technology Corporation) D. SCP (Stategic Computing Program) 25. The field that investigates the mechanics of human intelligence is: A. history B. cognitive science C. psychology

D. sociology

26. A problem is first connected to its proposed solution during the stage. A. Conceptualization B. identification C. Formalization D. Implementation.

E. testing

27. What is the name of the computer program that simulates the thought processes of human beings? A. Human logic B. Expert reason C. Expert system D. Personal information

28. What is the name of the computer program that contains the distilled knowledge of an expert? A. Data base management system B. Management information System C. Expert system D. Artificial intelligence 29. Claude Shannon described the operation of electronic switching circuits with a system of mathematical logic called: A. LISP B. XLISP C. Boolean algebra D. neural networking 30. A computer program that contains expertise in a particular domain is called an: A. intelligent planner B. automatic processor C. expert system D. operational symbolizer 31. Ambiguity may be caused by: A. syntactic ambiguity

B. multiple word meanings C. unclear antecedents

D. All of the above

32. Which company offers the LISP machine considered to be "the most powerful symbolic processor available"? A. LMI B. Symbolics C. Xerox D. Texas Instruments 33. What of the following is considered to be a pivotal event in the history of AI. A. 1949, Donald O, The organization of Behaviour, B. 1950, Computing Machinery and Intelligence. C. 1956, Dartmouth University Conference Organized by John McCarthy D. 1961, Computer and Computer Sense. E. None of the above 34. Natural language processing is divided into the two subfields of: A. symbolic and numeric B. time and motion C. algorithmic and heuristic 35. High-resolution, bit-mapped displays are useful for displaying: A. clearer characters B. graphics C. more characters

D. understanding and generation

D. All of the above

36. A bidirectional feedback loop links computer modelling with: A. artificial science B. heuristic processing C. human intelligence 37. Which of the following have people traditionally done better than computers? A. recognizing relative importance B. finding similaritiesC. resolving ambiguity 38. In LISP, the function evaluates both <variable> and <object> is A. set B. setq C. add D. eva

D. cognitive science

D. All of the above

39. Which type of actuator generates a good deal of power but tends to be messy? A. electric B. hydraulic C. pneumatic D. (B) and (c) above 40. Research scientists all over the world are taking steps towards building computers with circuits patterned after the complex inter connections existing among the human brain's nerve cells. What name is given to such type of computers? A. Intelligent computers B. Supercomputers C. Neural network computers D. Smart computers 41. The hardware features of LISP machines generally include: A. large memory and a high-speed processor B. letter-quality printers and 8-inch disk drives C. a mouse and a specialized keyboard D. both (a) and (c)

42. In 1985, the famous chess player David Levy beat a world champion chess program in four straight games by using orthodox moves that confused the program. What was the name of the chess program? A. Kaissa B. CRAY BLITZ C. Golf D. DIGDUG 43. The explanation facility of an expert system may be used to: A. construct a diagnostic model B. expedite the debugging process C. explain the system's reasoning process D. All of the above E. both (b) and (c) 44. A process that is repeated, evaluated, and refined is called: A. diagnostic B. descriptive C. interpretive D. iterative 45. Visual clues that are helpful in computer vision include: A. colour and motion B. depth and texture C. height and weight D. a and b above 46. In LISP, the function X (x). (2x+l) would be rendered as A. (lambda (x) (+(*2 x)l)) B. (lambda (x) (+1 (* 2x) lambda(x) (+2x1)

C. (+ lambda (x) 1 (*2x))

D. (*

47. A natural language generation program must decide: A. what to say B. when to say something C. why it is being used both (a) and (b) 48. Who is considered to be the "father" of artificial intelligence? A. Fisher Ada B. John McCarthy C. Allen Newell D. Alan Turning 49. In which of the following areas may ICAI programs prove to be useful? A. educational institutions B. corporations C. department of Defence All of the above

D.

D.

50. A network with named nodes and labeled arcs that can be used to represent certain natural language grammars to facilitate parsing. A. Tree Network B. Star Network C. Transition Network D. Complete Network

Copyright 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved.

22

Chapter 15: Is Artificial Intelligence Real?

Dai lan 2: 1. The area of ai that investigates methods of facilitating communication between people and computer is : Natural language processing

2. Natural language processing is divided into the two subfields of : Understanding and generation

3. Claude shannon described the operation of electronic.......................... Boolean algebra

4. Which approach to speech recognition avoids the problem............... Issolated word recongnition

5. For speech understanding systems to gain Speaker independence

6. In his landmark book cybernetics, norbert wiener............... Information

7. If the english philosopher thomas hobbes could be called grandfather.............. A.m. turning

8. A mouse device may be: Electro chemical Mechanical Optical B va c

9. An expert system differs from a database program in that................... Contains procedural knowledge

10. An ai system developed by terry winograd to ............ Shrdlu 23

Copyright 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved.

Chapter 15: Is Artificial Intelligence Real? 11. Ambiguity may be caused by: Syntactic ambiguity Multiple word meanings All of the None of

12. Darpa, the agency that has funded a ........... Defense

13. How many control unit is available i n sisd............... One

14. In computer vision, visual clues............... Color and motion Depth and texture All of None of

15. Ambiguity may be caused by: Syntactic ambiguity Multiple word meanings All of the Unclear antecedents

16. In ai programming , a list may contain: All of the(cells,fields,pointers)

17. Which of the following have people ............... All of the( recognizing, finding,resolving)

18. The primary interactive........... Speaking

19. Lisp was created by: John mccarthy 24

Copyright 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved.

Chapter 15: Is Artificial Intelligence Real? 20. Special program that.......... Intelligent programming tools

21. High- resolution, bit mapped...... All of(clearer char, graphics)

22. What part of the manufacturing process relate............. Project management

23. Expert ease was developed........ Donald michie

24. High- resolution, bit mapped...... All of(clearer char, more char)

25. Elementary linguistic units.... All of the

26. MLMenu, a natural language............ naturalLink ``

Copyright 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved.

25