1:

II. READING COMPREHENSION: Read the following passage and choose the best option to complete the blank or answer of the question: Since water is the basis of life, composing the greatest part of the tissues of all living things, the crucial problem of desert animals is to survive in a world where sources of flowing water is rare. And since mans inexorable necessity is to absorb large quantities of water at frequent intervals, he can scarcely comprehend that many creatures of the desert pass their entire lives without a single drop. Uncompromising as it is, the desert has not eliminated life but only those forms unable to withstand its desiccating effects. No moist-skinned, water-loving animals can exist there. Few large animals are found: the giants of the North American desert are deer, the coyote, and the bobcat. Since desert country is open, it holds more swift-footed, running, and leaping creatures than the tangled forest. Its population is largely nocturnal, silent, filled with reticence, and ruled by stealth. Yet they are not emaciated. Having adapted to their austere environment, they are as healthy as animals anywhere in the world. The secret of their adjustment lies in a combination of behavior and physiology. None could survive, if, like mad dogs and Englishmen, they went out in the midday sun, many would die in a matter of minute. So most of them pass the burning hours asleep in cool, humid burrows underneath the ground, emerging to hunt only by night .The surface of the sun-baked desert averages around 150 degrees, but 18 inches down the temperature is only 60 degrees.

11. What is the topic of the passage? A. Desert plants B. Desert life C. Animal life D. Forest life 12. The phrase those forms refers to all the following except: A. Water-loving animals B. The bobcat C. Moist-skinned animals D. Many large animals 13. The word inexorable is closest in meaning to: A. Relentless B. Indispensable C. Full D. Demanding 14. The author mentions all of the following as examples of the behavior of desert animals except: A. Animals sleep during the day B. Animals dig homes underground C. Animals are noisy and aggressive D. Animals are watchful and quiet 15. The word them refers to: A. Mad dogs and Englishmen B. Desert animals C. Behavior and physiology D. Minutes 16. The word emaciated is closest in meaning to: A. Wild B. Cunning C. Unmanageable D. Unhealthy 17. The author states that one characteristic of animals living in the desert is that they: A. Are smaller and fleeter than forest animals B. Are less healthy than animals living in different places C. Can hunt in temperatures of 150 degrees D. Live in an accommodating environment 18. Which of the following generalizations is supported by the passage? A. Water is the basis of life

B. All living things adjust to their environment C. Desert life is colorful D. Healthy animals live longer lives. 19. The word burrows is closest in meaning to: A. Underground nests B. Underground houses C. Underground caves D. Underground holes 20. How is the temperature 18 inches underground compared to that on the surface in the desert? A. The same B Much higher C. Less than half D. Half Read the following passage and choose the best option to complete the blank or answer the question: Even before the turn of the century, movies began to develop in two major directions: the realistic and the formalistic. Realism and formalism are mere general, rather than absolute, terms. When used to suggest a tendency toward either polarity, such labels can be helpful, but in the end they are just labels. Few films are exclusively formalist in style, and fewer yet are completely realist. There is also an important difference between realism and reality, although this distinction is often forgotten. Realism is a particular type, whereas physical reality is the source of all the raw materials of films, both realistic and formalistic. Virtually, all movie directors go to the photographable world for their subject matter, but what they do with this material how they shape, and manipulate it determine their stylistic emphasis. Generally speaking, realistic films attempt to reproduce the surface of concrete reality with a minimum of distortion. In photographing objects and events, the film-maker tries to suggest the copiousness of life itself. Both realist and formalist film directors must select (and hence emphasize) certain details from the chaotic sprawl of reality. But the element of selectivity in realistic films is less obvious. Realists, in short, try to preserve the illusion that their film world is un-manipulated, an objective mirror of the actual world. Formalists, on the other hand, make no such pretense. They deliberately stylize and distort their raw materials so that only the very nave would mistake a manipulated image of an object or event for the real thing. We rarely notice the style in a realistic movie; the artist tends to be self-effacing. Some film-makers are more concerned with what is being shown than how it is manipulated. The camera is used conservatively. It is essentially a recording mechanism that produces the surface of tangible objects with as little commentary as possible. A high premium is placed on simplicity, spontaneity, and directness. This is not to suggest that these movies lack artistry, however, for at their best the realistic cinema specializes in art that conceals art.

21. What does the passage mainly discuss? A. Acting styles B. Film plots C. Styles of film-making D. Film-making 100 years ago 22. With which of the following statements would the author be most likely to agree? A. Realism and formalism are outdated terms B. Most films are neither exclusively realistic nor formalistic C. Realistic films are more popular than formalistic ones. D. Formalistic films are less artistic than realistic ones. 23. The phrase this distinction in the first paragraph refers to the difference between

A. Formalists and realists B. Realism and reality C. General and absolute D. Physical reality and raw materials 24. Whom does the author say is primarily responsible for a style of a film? A. The director B. The actors C. The producer D. The camera operator 25. The word it in the first paragraph refers to A. The photographable world B. Their subject matter C. This material D. Their stylistic emphasis 26. The word copiousness in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to A. Abundance B. Greatness C. Fullness D. Variety 27. How can one recognize the formalist style? A. It uses familiar images B. It is very impersonal C. It obviously manipulated images D. It mirrors the actual world 28. The word tangible in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to A. Concrete. B. Complex C. various D. Comprehensible 29. The word self-effacing in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to A. modest B. Shy C. Egocentric D. introverted 30. Which of the following films would most likely use a realist style? A. A travel documentary B. A science fiction film C. A musical drama D. An animated cartoon III. GUIDED CLOZE Read the following passage and choose the options that best complete the blanks Sylvia Earle, a (31) botanist and one of the (32) deep sea explorers, has spent over 6000 hours, more than seven months, under water. From her earliest years, she took her first plunge into the open sea as a teenager. In the years since then, she has taken part in a(n) (33) of landmark underwater projects, from exploratory expeditions around the world to her celebrated Jim dive in 1978, which was the deepest solo dive (34) made without cable connecting the diver to a support vessel at the surface of the sea. (35) in a Jim suit, a futuristic suit of plastic and mental armor, which was secured (36) a 31. A. Marine 32. A. Furthest 33. A. Amount 34. A. Really 35. A. Covered 36. A. To B. Underwater B. Foremost B. Great deal B. Later B. Put B. With C. Undersea C. Greatest C. Average C. Ever C. Clothed C. From manned submarine, Sylvia Earle plunged vertically into the Pacific Ocean, at times at the speed of 100 feet per minute. (37) reaching the ocean floor, she was released from the submarine and from that point her only connection to the sub was an 18foot tether. For the next two and a half hours, Earle (38) the seabed, taking notes, collecting (39), and painting a U.S flag. Consumed by a desire to descend deeper still, in 1981, she became involved in the design and manufacture of deep-sea (40) one of which took her to a depth of 3000 feet. This did not end Sylvia Earles accomplishment.

D. Submarine D. Utmost D. Number D. Mostly D. Worn D. Against

37. A. In B. On 38. A. Walked B. Roamed 39. A. Specimens B. Models 40. A. Subcontractors B. Submarines IV. OPEN CLOZE TEST Fill in each blank with ONE word Passage 1:

C. At C. Dived C. Remains C. Submersions

D. For D. Strolled D. Debris D. Submersibles

Unlikely (11) it may seem, there has now been expert confirmation that wild pumas and lynxes are at (12) in parts of Britain, rather than being the figments of some wild imagination. Previous sightings of such large cats had been put (13) to exaggeration. After all, the argument went, some people are prone to seeing flying saucers and Loch Ness monsters, particularly when under the influence of one drink. Some newspapers were suspected of having made up stories such as (14) of the Beast of Exmoor, an animal that is responsible for the deaths of hundreds of sheep over the past ten years. (15) experts have now come up with proof that such stories were in earnest after all. The animals are in all (16) pets which have escaped from small zoos, or been abandoned by their owners. Because the keeping of such animals is severely restricted under the (17) of the Dangerous Wild Animal Act of 1976 owners of unlicensed animals might not (18) an escape for fear of prosecution. Britains only surviving native species, the wild cat, is confined to Scotland. After examining hair samples, experts now say that the Best of Exmoor in the south of England is without (19) a puma or lynx, both of which are normally native (20) the Middle East and Asia. Passage 2 Although noise, commonly (1) as unwanted sound, is a widely recognized form of pollution, it is very difficult to measure because the discomfort (2) by different individuals is highly subjective and, therefore, variable. Exposure to lower levels of noise may be (3) irritating, whereas exposure to higher levels may actually cause (4) loss. Particularly in congested urban areas, the noise produced (5) a by-product of our advancing technology causes physical harm, and detracts from the quality of life for those who are exposed to it. Noise causes effects that the hearer cannot control and to (6) the body never becomes accustomed. Loud noises instinctively signal danger (7) any organism with a hearing mechanism, including human beings. (8) response, heartbeat and respiration accelerate, blood vessels constrict, the skin pales, and muscles tense. In fact, there is a general increase in functioning (9) about by the flow of adrenaline release in response to fear, and some of these responses persist even longer than the noise, occasionally as long as 30 minutes (10) the sound had ceased.