1.

Triangle law of vector addition: If two vectors can be represented in

magnitude and direction by the two sides of a triangle take in the same order, then the resultant is represented completely (both in magnitude & direction) by the third side of the triangle taken in the opposite order. 2. Parallelogram law of vector addition: If two vectors acting simultaneously at a point can be represented both in magnitude and direction by the two adjacent sides of a parallelogram, the resultant is represented completely (both in magnitude and direction) by the diagonal of the parallelogram passing through that point. 3. Polygon law of vector addition: If a number of vectors can be represented in magnitude and direction by the sides of the polygon taken in the same order, then their resultant is represented in magnitude and direction by the closing side of the polygon taken in the opposite order. 4. Law of inertia: Everybody continues in its state of rest or of uniform motion in a straight line, unless it is compelled by some external unbalanced force to change that state. 5. Newtons First law of motion: Everybody in this universe continues in its state of rest or of uniform motion in a straight line, unless it is compelled by some external unbalanced force to change that state. 6. Newtons Second law of motion: The time rate of change of momentum of a body is directly proportional to the external unbalanced force applied on it and the change takes place in the direction of the force. 7. Newtons Third law of motion: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. These forces are always in pairs and acts on different bodies. 8. Principle of conservation of linear momentum: If there is no external unbalanced force acts on a system, the momentum of the system remains constant.

9. Laws of limiting static friction:

(a) The value of the limiting static friction depends upon the nature of the two surfaces in contact and their state of roughness. (b) The force of friction is tangential (parallel) to the two surfaces in contact and acts opposite to the direction in which the body would start moving on applying the force. (c) The value of limiting static friction between two given surfaces is directly proportional to the normal reaction between the two surfaces. (d) The value of limiting friction for any two given surfaces is independent of the shape or area of the surfaces in contact so long as the normal reaction remains the same. 10. Lamis theorem: It states that the three forces acting at a point are in a equilibrium, if each force is proportional to the sine of the angle between the other two forces. 11. Work- energy theorem: The change in kinetic energy of a particle is equal to the work done on it by the net force. 12. Principle of conservation of energy: The energy can neither be created nor be destroyed but can be converted from one form to another. 13. In an isolated system (no external force acting on the system), the centre of mass of the system moves with constant velocity. 14. Right hand Screw rule: Rotate the right handed screw from the vector A to B through the smaller angle between them. Then, the direction of advance of the screw gives the direction of vector A*B. 15. Principle of moments: If a body is in rotational equilibrium under the action of a number of forces, then the algebraic sum of the moments of all these forces about any point is zero. 16. Law of conservation of angular momentum: If no external torque acts on a system, then the total angular momentum of the system always remains conserved.

17. Theorem of Perpendicular axes: The moment of inertia of a plane lamina about an axis perpendicular to its plane is equal to the sum of the moments of

inertia of the lamina about any two mutually perpendicular axes in its plane and intersecting each other at the point, where the perpendicular axis passes through it. 18. Theorem of Parallel axes: The moment of inertia of a rigid body about any axis is equal to its moment of inertia about a parallel axis through its centre of mass plus the product of the mass of the body and the square of the perpendicular distance between the two axes. 19. Keplers law: (a) Law of orbit: Each planet revolves around the sun in an elliptical orbit, with the sun at one focus of the elliptical path. (b) Law of area: The position vector of the planet from the sun i.e. the line joining the planet to the sun sweeps out equal areas in equal times i.e. the areal velocity of a planet around the sun always remains constant. (c) Law of periods: The square of the period of any planet about the sun is proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis of the elliptical orbit. 20. Newtons law of Gravitation: Everybody in this universe attracts every other body with a force, which is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers. 21. Hookes law: Within elastic limit, stress is directly proportional to strain. 22. Pascals law: In an enclosed fluid, if an increased pressure is produced in any part of the fluid, then this change of pressure is transmitted undiminished to all the other parts of the fluid. 23. Archimedes principle: When a body is immersed completely or partly in a liquid, it loses in weight equal to the weight of the liquid displaced by it. 24. Stokes law: The backward dragging force acting on a small sphere of radius r falling with uniform velocity v through a medium of coefficient of viscosity is given by, F= 6 rv
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25. Poiseuilles equation: When a liquid of coefficient of viscosity flows through a tube of length l and radius r, then the volume of liquid flowing out per second is given by V= pr4/8l Where p is difference of pressure between the two ends of the tube. 26. Bernoullis theorem: The total energy (pressure energy, potential energy and kinetic energy) of an incompressible and non-viscous fluid in steady flow through a pipe remains constant throughout the flow, provided there is no source or sink of the fluid along the length of the pipe. 27. Torricellis theorem: It states that velocity of efflux of a liquid through an orifice is equal to that which a body would acquire in falling freely through a distance equal to the depth of the orifice below the free surface of the liquid. 28. Principle of Calorimetry: The heat lost by the hot body must be equal to the heat gained by the cold body. 29. Newtons law of Cooling: The rate of cooling (rate of loss of heat) of a body is directly proportional to the temperature difference between the body & the surroundings, provided the temperature difference is small. 30. Kirchhoffs law: It states that at any given temperature, the ratio of the emissive power (e) to the absorptive power (a) corresponding to a certain wavelength is constant for all bodies and this constant is equal to the emissive power of the perfect black body (E) at the same temperature and corresponding to the same wavelength. 31. Wiens displacement law: The product of wavelength (m) correxponding to which maximum energy is emitted and the absolute temperature (T) of the black body is always constant. 32. Stefans law: The total amount of heat energy radiated per second per unit area of a perfect black body is directly proportional to the fourth power of the absolute temperature of the surface of the body.
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33. Zeroth law of thermodynamics: It states that if two systems A and B are in thermal equilibrium with a third system C, then A and B must be in thermal equilibrium with each other. 34. First law of thermodynamics: If an amount of heat dQ is added to a

system, a part of it may increase its internal energy by an amount dU, while the remaining part may be used up as the external work dW done by the system. 35. Second law of thermodynamics: (a) Kelvins statement: It is impossible to derive a continuous supply of work by cooling a body to a temperature lower than that of the coldest of its surroundings. (b) Clausius statement: It is impossible for a self-acting machine, unaided by any external agency, to transfer heat from a body at lower temperature to another at higher temperature. 36. Carnots theorem: All reversible engines working between the same two temperatures have the same efficiency, whatever is the nature of the working substance. 37. Boyles law: At constant temperature, the volume of a given mass of a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure. 38. Charles law: At constant pressure, the volume of a given mass of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature. 39. Gay Lussacs law: At constant volume, the pressure of a given mass of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature. 40. Avogadros law: Equal volumes of all the gases under similar conditions of temperature and pressure contain equal number of molecules. 41. Daltons law of partial pressure: The total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases, which do not interact with each other, is equal to the sum of the partial pressures which each would exert, if it alone occupied the same volume at the given temperature.

42. Grahams law of diffusion: The rates of diffusion of the two gases are pressure and temperature.

inversely proportional to the square roots of their densities at the given 43. The law of euipartition of energy: For a dynamical system in thermal equilibrium, the energy of the system is equally distributed amongst the various degrees of freedom and the energy associated with each degree of freedom per molecule is kT, where k is the Boltzmanns constant. 44. Superposition principle: When two or more waves travel in a medium in such a way that each wave represents its separate motion individually, then the resultant displacement of a particle of the medium at any time is equal to the vector sum of the individual displacements. 45. Doppler effect: Doppler effect is the phenomenon of change in apparent pitch of the sound due to relative motion between the source of the sound. 46. Doppler effect in light: The phenomenon of apparent change in frequency (or wavelength) of the light due to the relative motion between the source of light and the observer is called Doppler effect in light.