International Journal of Statistika and Mathematika, ISSN: 2277- 2790 E-ISSN: 2249-8605, Volume 3, Issue 2, 2012 pp 55-60

Copyright 2012, Statperson Publications, Iinternational Journal of Statistika and Mathematika, ISSN: 2277- 2790 E-ISSN: 2249-8605, Volume 3 Issue 2 2012
On The Extension of Topological Local Groups
with Local Cross Section
H. Sahleh
1
, A. Hosseini
2
1,2
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematical Sciences, University of Guilan, P.O.BOX 1914, Rasht IRAN.
Corresponding Addresses:
sahleh@guilan.ac.ir , a_hosseini@guilan.ac.ir
Research Article

Abstract: In this paper, we introduce the cohomology of
topological local groups and topological local extensions. We
show that the second cohomology of a local topological group is
in one to one correspondence with the class of topological local
extensions with local cross sections.
keywords: Cohomology of topological local group, Strong
homomorphism, Local cross-section, Topological local group
extension.
MSC 2000: Primary 22A05, Secondary 22A10.

1.Introduction:
Let H and G be topological groups, H abelian.
We consider H as a G-module with a continuous
action of G on H , that is, a continuous function
from H G into H , carrying ) , ( h g onto gh.
By a topological extension of H by G ,
) , ( = t c E , we mean a short exact sequence
1 1 : G E H
t i
c with t an
open continuous homomorphism and H a closed
normal subgroup of E .
Two extensions, ) , ( =
1 1 1
t c E , and ) , ( =
2 2 2
t c E ,
of H by G are said to be equivalent,
2 1
c c , if
there exists a continuous isomorphism
2 1
: E E o
such that
2 1
=i oi and o t t
2 1
= . The set of
equivalence classes of extensions of H by G ,
denoted by ) , ( H G Ext
c
, with the Baire-sum is a
group [2].
A cross-section of a topological group extension
) , ( t E of H by G is a continuous map
E G u : such that x x u = ) ( t for each G x e .
There is a one to one correspondence between
) , ( H G Ext
c
, and ) , (
2
H G H [2].
In this paper we show a similar result for topological
local groups [3]. In section 1 we give some primarily
definitions which will be needed in sequel. In section
2, we introduce the local extension on topological
local groups and prove that the second cohomology of
topological local group is isomorphic with the group
of equivalence classes of topological local extensions
with local crossed-sections.

We use the following notations:
" 1 " is the identity element of X .
"s" : H G s , G a sublocal group (subgroup) of
a local group (group) H .
} ; ) , {( = X xy X X y x D e e where X is a
local group.

2.Primary Definitions:
We recall the following definition from [5]:
A local group ,.) ( X is like a group except that the
action of group is not necessarily defined for all pairs
of elements, The associative law takes the following
form: if y x. and z y. are defined, then if one of the
products z y x ). . ( , ) . .( z y x is defined, so is the other
and the two products are equal. It is assumed that each
element of X has an inverse.

Definition 2.1 [3] Let X be a local group, if there
exist:
a) a distinguished element X ee , the identity
element,
b) a continuous product map X D :
defined on an open subset
X X D e X X e c c ) ( ) ( .
c) a continuous inversion map X X : v
satisfying the following properties:
(i)Identity: ) , ( = = ) , ( e x x x e for every X x e
(ii) Inverse: )) ( , ( = = ) ), ( ( x x e x x v v for every
X x e
(iii) Associativity: If ) , ( y x , ) , ( z y , ) ), , ( ( z y x
and )) , ( , ( z y x all belong to D, then
)) , ( , ( = ) ), , ( ( z y x z y x

then X is called a topological local group.
Example 2.2Let X be a Hausdorff topological
space and
X
A be the diagonal of X , X ae and
X
a X X a D A }) { ( ) } ({ = . Define
H. Sahleh, A. Hosseini
International Journal of Statistiika and Mathematika, ISSN: 2277- 2790 E-ISSN: 2249-8605, Volume 3 Issue 2 Page 56
X D : by:
.
, = ,
, = ,
, = ,
= ) , (

y x a
a x y
a y x
y x
Now X , by the action of , is a local group.
If X x e , a x = , we have x a x = ) , ( . If U is a
neighborhood of x , then } { = ) (
1
a U U

. There
are two cases;
1) U ae : since X is Hausdorff, there are disjoint
neighborhood
1
U ,
2
U containing a , x ,
respectively. Then U U x e
2
and
V U U a =
2
e and } { = ) (
1
a V V

. Hence,
U a V c }) { ( . So is continuous.
2) U ae : } { = ) (
1
a U U

.
If a x = and W is a closed neighborhood of a in
X then ) } ({ }) { ( = ) (
1
W a a W W
X
A

.
Hence, is continuous. Therefore, X D : ,
xy y x ) , ( and X X ,
1
x x are continuous.
So X is a topological local group.

Definition 2.3 Let X and Y be topological local
groups. We say that X operates on the left of Y if:
There is a neighborhood
1
X of the identity in X
and a neighborhood
1
Y of the identity in Y such
that for every
1
X xe ,
1
Y y e there exists Y xy e
with the following condition:
1. Y Y X
1 1
, xy y x ) , ( is continuous;
2. y y = 1. for all
1
Y y e ;
3. If
1 2 1
, Y y y e and
1 2 1
Y y y e and
1 1
Y xy e is
defined for all
1
X xe then
2 1 2 1
) ( = ) ( y xy y y x ;
4. If
1 2 1
, X x x e ,
1
Y y e are so that y x
2
and
2 1
x x are defined in
1
Y and
1
X respectively, then
y x x y x x ) ( = ) (
2 1 2 1
.
Definition 2.4 A continuous map
) , ( ,.) ( : - ' X X f of topological local groups, is
called a homomorphism if ;
1. D D f f ' _ ) )( ( where
} , ) , {( = X y x X X y x D ' e ' - ' ' ' e ' ' ' ;
2. e e f ' = ) ( and
1 1
)) ( ( = ) (

x f x f ;
3. if X y x e . then ) ( ) ( y f x f - exists in X '
and ) ( ) ( = ) . ( y f x f y x f - .

With these morphisms topological local groups
form a category which contains the subcategory of
topological groups.

Definition 2.5A homomorphism of topological local
groups ) , ( ,.) ( : - ' X X f is called strong if for
every X y x e , , the existence of ) ( ) ( y f x f -
implies that X y x e . .
A morphism is called a monomorphism
(epimorphism) if it is injective (surjective).

Lemma 2.6 [1, Lemma 2.5] Let U be a symmetric
neighborhood of the identity in a topological local
group X . There is a neighborhood
0
U of identity in
U such that for every U y x e , ,
0
U xy e .

We denote the product of p copies of X by
p
X .
Definition 2.7Let X and Y be topological local
groups. A local p-map of X into Y is a continuous
map Y V f
p
: where V is a symmetric
neighborhood of identity in X such that
0 = ) ,..., (
1 p
x x f whenever 1 = = ... =
1 p
x x .

Definition 2.8Let X and Y be topological local
groups. Two local p-maps Y V f
p

1 1
: and
Y V f
p

2 2
: of X into Y , where
2 1
,V V are
symmetric neighborhoods of the identity in X , are
said to be equivalent if there is a neighborhood V
with
2 1
V V V _ such that
) ,..., ( = ) ,..., (
1 2 1 1 p p
x x f x x f
whenever V x
i
e for all } {1,..., p i e .

Definition 2.9 The equivalence class of a local p-map
is called a local p-cochain of X to Y .
Let X and Y be topological local groups and Y
abelian (written additively). Let ) , ( Y X C
p
L
be the set
of equivalence classes of local p-maps, with the usual
addition of functions. The set ) , ( Y X C
p
L
is an
abelian group. Therefor, we define an addition on
) , ( Y X C
p
L
. Suppose ) , ( ] [ ], [
2 1
Y X C f f
p
L
e and
2 1
, V V are symmetric neighborhoods of the identity
in X where Y V f
p

1 1
: , Y V f
p

2 2
: are local
p-maps. Let
1
U be a neighborhood of identity in Y .
By Lemma 2.6, there is a symmetric neighborhoods
0
U in
1
U such that
0 2 1
U y y e + is defined when
1 2 1
, U y y e . Since
2 1
, f f are continuous, then there
exists a neighborhood V of 1 in X such that
) ( ) (
0
1
2 0
1
1
U f U f V
p
c . Now define a local map
Y V f
p
: by
International Journal of Statistika and Mathematika, ISSN: 2277- 2790 E-ISSN: 2249-8605, Volume 3, Issue 2, 2012 pp 55-60
Copyright 2012, Statperson Publications, Iinternational Journal of Statistika and Mathematika, ISSN: 2277- 2790 E-ISSN: 2249-8605, Volume 3 Issue 2 2012
) ,..., ( ) ,..., ( = ) ,..., (
1 2 1 1 1 p p p
x x f x x f x x f +

for every V x
i
e and } {1,..., p i e . It is clear that
the local p-cochain ] [ f does not depend on the
choice of the representations
1
f and
2
f . Hence, we
define an addition in ) , ( Y X C
p
L
, by
)] ,..., ( [ )] ,..., ( [ = )] ,..., ( [
1 2 1 1 1 p p p
x x f x x f x x f + .

Definition 2.10 Suppose X and Y are topological
local groups and Y abelian. We define a
coboundary operator
) , ( ) , ( :
1
Y X C Y X C
p
L
p
L
+
o .
Let
1
U be a neighborhood of the identity in Y . By
Lemma 2.6, there is a neighborhood
0
U of the
identity in Y ,
1 0
U U _ such that
i
i p
i
y 1) (
1
0 =
E
+
is
defined whenever
1
U y
i
e . Suppose
0
V is a
neighborhood of 1 in X such that
1
U xy e
whenever
0
V x e and
0
U y e . Suppose
) , ( ] [ Y X C f
p
L
e , Y V f
p

0
: a local p-map. By
continuity of f , we choose a symmetric
neighborhood
1
V in X such that ) (
0
1
1
U f V
p
c .
By Lemma 2.6, there is a symmetric neighborhood
2
V in X such that
0 1 2
V V V _ ,
2
V x x
j i
e for all
0 1
, V V x x
j i
e .
Define a local (p+1)-map Y V f
p

+1
2
: o , for each
point
1
2 1 1
) ,..., (
+
+
e
p
p
V x x by
) ,..., ( 1) ( ) , ,..., ( 1) (
) ,..., ( = ) ,..., (
1
1
1 1 1 0 =
1 2 1 1 1
p
p
p i i
p p
i
p p
x x f x x x x f
x x f x x x f
+
+ +
+ +
+ E +
o
It is easy to show that the local (p+1)-cochain ] [ f o
depends only on the given local p-cochain ] [ f and
] [ = ] [ f f o o .

Definition 2.11 A local p-cochains ] [ f such that
0 = ] [ f o is called a local p-cocycles.
We denote the set of all p-cocyles by ) , ( Y X Z
p
L
.

Definition 2.12 The image of a coboundry operator
in ) , (
1
Y X C
p
L
+
is called a local p-coboundry. We
denote the set of all p-coboundries by ) , ( Y X B
p
L
.

It is easy to show that
) , ( ) , ( ) , ( Y X C Y X Z Y X B
p
L
p
L
p
L
_ _ ,since
0 = ] [ f oo . Then ) , ( Y X B
p
L
is a subgroup of
) , ( Y X Z
p
L
.
Definition 2.13 Let X and Y be topological
local groups and Y abelian. Then
) , (
) , (
= ) , (
Y X B
Y X Z
Y X H
p
L
p
L p
L
is called the p-th
cohomology topological local group.

3.Second Cohomology and Topological Local
Group Extensions:
In this part we prove that the second cohomology of a
topological local group is isomorphic with the group
of the equivalence classes of topological local
extensions with local crossed-sections.
Definition 3.1 Let Y X, be topological local groups
and U a symmetric neighborhood in X . The
continuous map Y U f : is an open continuous
local homomorphism of X onto Y if
1. there exists a symmetric neighborhood
0
U in U
which U x x e
2 1
, ,
0 2 1
U x x e ;
2. ) ( ) ( = ) (
2 1 2 1
x f x f x x f
,
0 2 1
U x x e ;
3. for every symmetric neighborhood W ,
0
U W _ , ) (W f is open in Y .
The map f is called an open continuous local
isomorphism of X to Y if
0
U can be chosen that
so
0
|
U
f is one to one.

Definition 3.2 A topological local group extension
of the topological local group Y by a topological
local group X is a triple ) , , ( q t E where E is a
topological local group, t is an open continuous
local homomorphism of E to X , and q is an open
continuous local isomorphism of Y onto the kernel
of t [2].

Remark 3.3If ) , , ( q t E is a topological local group
extension of N by X , where t a strong
homomorphism and t ker N = , then N is a closed
normal topological subgroup of E .
Definition 3.4 Let ) , , ( q t E be a topological local
group extension of Y by X . A continuous map
E V u : where V is a neighborhood of 1 in X
is called a local cross-section if x x u = ) ( t for every
V x e .

Definition 3.5A topological local group extension
) , , ( q t E of X is said to be fibered if it has a local
cross section.
Definition 3.6A topological local group extension
) , , ( q t E of X is said to be essential if it has a
H. Sahleh, A. Hosseini
International Journal of Statistiika and Mathematika, ISSN: 2277- 2790 E-ISSN: 2249-8605, Volume 3 Issue 2 Page 58
local homomorphism of X to E .

Definition 3.7 Let ) , , ( =
1 1 1 1
q t c E and
) , , ( =
2 2 2 2
q t c E be topological local extensions of
an abelian topological local group C by a
topological local group X . If there exists a strong
isomorphism o of
1
E onto
2
E such that
) ( = ) (
2 1
n n q q o and o t t
2 1
= .

1 1 :
1 1 :
2
1
2 2
1 1

+ + +

X E C
X E C
t
t
c
o
c

then
1
c and
2
c are equivalent,
2 1
c c .

Note 3.8 Let E be a topological local group. The
set C is called the center of E if
} , =
, : { =
U y yx xy
E in od neighborho symmetric U E x C
e
- e
.
In this paper, we replace Y by C in Definition 3.2.
In this case, C is a subset of Y and C ker _ t .

Definition 3.9 Let C be an abelian topological
local group. A pair factor set on topological local
group X is a pair ) , ( u f where C V V f
1 1
:
is continuous, and
1
V is a neighborhood of the
identity in X . Suppose there exist a neighborhoods
0
V of the identity in X and
1 0
V V _ such that
0 2 1
V x x e , for every
1 2 1
, V x x e . Let
0
W be a
symmetric neighborhood in C such that C xc e ,
for every
0
V x e and
0
W c e .
Now, there is an action of X on C ,
C C X : u such that C W
x

0
: u , for every
0
V xe is a local inner automorphism,
) , ( )) , ( ( = ) , ( ) , (
3 2 1 3 2
1
3 2 1 2 1
x x x f x x f x x x f x x f
x
u
(3.1)
whenever
1 3 2 1
, , V x x x e and
1
2 1
2 1
2 1
2 1
) , ( ) , ( =

x x f x x f
x x x x
u u u (3.2)
for
1 2 1
, V x x e .

Definition 3.10 The pair factor set ) , ( u f is
normalized if
C
Id = (1) u , 1 = ,1) ( = ) (1, x f x f X xe
where
C
Id is the identity automorphism.

Remark 3.11Let ) , , ( q t E be an extension of Y by
X and ) , ( u f a pair factor set on X to C where
C is locally isomorphism with the kernel t . It is
clear that ) , ( t u t t f is a pair factor set on
E to C . We call ) , ( t u t t f the extension of
) , ( u f by t .

Let ) , , ( q t E be an extension of Y by X . The
local cross-section u of ) , , ( q t E is called
normalized if 1 = (1) u .
In this section we assume all pair factor sets and local
cross-sections are normalized.
Definition 3.12 Let Y X, be topological local
groups. Suppose a topological local group extension
) , , ( q t E of C by X where C is locally
isomorphism with the kernel t with a local
cross-section E V u : where V is a
neighborhood of the identity in X . There are a
symmetric neighborhood
0
V , V V _
0
and a
neighborhood
0
W of the identity in C such that
) (xc q and
1
) ( ) ( ) (

x u c x u q are defined for every
0
V x e and
0
W c e . Then, the action of X on C
is defined by
1
) ( ) ( ) ( = ) (

x u c x u xc q q (3.3)

In Definition 3.12, since C is the center of E , we
can easily see that for each C c e ) ( q and
X V x _ e
0
, the element C x u c x u e
1
) ( ) ( ) ( q dose
not depend on the choice of the local cross-sectionu .
Proposition 3.13 Let X and C be topological
local groups and C abelian. Suppose ) , , ( q t E is a
topological local extension of C by X . Each local
cross-section u of ) , , ( q t E determines a pair
factor set ) , ( u f on X to C.

Proof.Let
1
V be a neighborhood of the identity in X
. By Lemma 2.6, there is a symmetric neighborhood
0
V in
1
V such that
0 2 1
V x x e for all
1 2 1
, V x x e .
Consider the continuous map C V V f
1 1
: ,
) ) ( ) ( ) ( ( = ) , (
1
2 1 2 1
1
2 1

x x u x u x u x x f q . Let
0 3 2 1
V x x x e and ) ( = ) (
3 2 1 3 2 1
x x x x x x . Hence,
1
3 2 1 3 2 1
) ( ) ( ) (

x x x u x x u x u and
1
3 2 1 3 2 1
) ( ) ( ) (

x x x u x u x x u are defined in ) (
0
1
V

t .
We define
); ) ( ) ( ) ( ( = ) , (
1
3 2 1 3 2 1
1
3 2 1

x x x u x u x x u x x x f q
). ) ( ) ( ) ( ( = ) , (
1
3 2 1 3 2 1
1
3 2 1

x x x u x x u x u x x x f q
Let C W
x

0
: u , ) ( ) ( ) ( x u c x u c q , where
0
W
International Journal of Statistika and Mathematika, ISSN: 2277- 2790 E-ISSN: 2249-8605, Volume 3, Issue 2, 2012 pp 55-60
Copyright 2012, Statperson Publications, Iinternational Journal of Statistika and Mathematika, ISSN: 2277- 2790 E-ISSN: 2249-8605, Volume 3 Issue 2 2012
is a symmetric neighborhood and
0 0
1
) ( W V _

t .
Then,
x
u is a local automorphism. We show that
) , ( u q f is a pair factor set. We verify the first
condition of Definition 3.9. Let
0 3 2 1
V x x x e and
) ( )) , ( (
2 1 2 1
x x u x x f q and
1
2 1 2 1
) ( ) ( ) (

x x u x u x u are
defined in
0
W , since ) (
2 1
x x and
1
2 1 2 1
) (

x x x x are
in
0
V . Hence, the relation
) ) ( ) ( ) ( ( = ) , (
1
2 1 2 1
1
2 1

x x u x u x u x x f q implies that
); ( )) , ( ( = ) ( ) (
2 1 2 1 2 1
x x u x x f x u x u q
); ( )) , ( ( = ) ( ) (
3 2 3 2 3 2
x x u x x f x u x u q
); ( )) , ( ( = ) ( ) (
3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 1
x x x u x x x f x u x x u q
). ( )) , ( ( = ) ( ) (
3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 1
x x x u x x x f x x u x u q
We have
) ( )) , ( ( ) ( = )) ( ) ( )( (
3 2 3 2 1 3 2 1
x x u x x f x u x u x u x u q
) ( ) ( ) ( )) , ( ( ) ( =
3 2 1
1
1 3 2 1
x x u x u x u x x f x u

q
) 1 ( ) ( )) , ( ( ) ( )) , ( ( ) ( =
3 2 1 3 2 1
1
1 3 2 1
x x x u x x x f x u x x f x u q q

The right hand side of (1) is in E , since ) (
3 2 1
x x x ,
) (
3 2 1
1
1 1
x x x x x

, and ) (
3 2 1
1
1 1
x x x x x

are defined in
0
V . Similarly, we obtain
) ( ) ( )) , ( ( = ) ( )) ( ) ( (
3 2 1 2 1 3 2 1
x u x x u x x f x u x u x u q
) ( )) , ( ( )) , ( ( =
3 2 1 3 2 1 2 1
x x x u x x x f x x f q q (2)
By comparing (1) and (2),
)) , ( ( ) ( )) , ( ( ) (
= )) , ( ( )) , ( (
3 2 1
1
1 3 2 1
3 2 1 2 1
x x x f x u x x f x u
x x x f x x f
q q
q q

for
1 3 2 1
, , V x x x e which proves (3.1). Now, for
1 2 1
, V x x e and
0
W c e :
1
2 1
1
2 1 2 1 2 1
1
1
1
2 2 1
)) , ( ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )) , ( (
= ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (


x x f x x u c x x u x x f
x u x u c x u x u
q q q
q
.
So, (3.2) holds.

Proposition 3.14 Let X and C be topological
local groups and C abelian. Suppose ) , , ( q t E is a
topological local extension of C by X which has a
continuous local cross-section u . Then, ) , , ( q t E
determines uniquely an element of ) , (
2
C X H
L
.

Proof. Suppose ) , , ( q t E is a topological local
extension with a local cross-section E U u :
where U is a symmetric neighborhood of identity.
Let E U u ' ' : be another local cross-section of
) , , ( q t E , U' a symmetric neighborhood in X .
Suppose the pair factor set ) , ( u' ' f corresponds to
u' .
We define a local cochain ) , (
1
C X C h
L
e by
) ) ( ) ( ( = ) (
1 1
' x u x u x h q , for U U x ' e .
By Lemma 2.6, there is a symmetric neighborhood
0
U , U U U ' _
0
such that
0 2 1
U x x e for
U U x x ' e
2 1
, . The map t is continuous and by
Lemma 2.6, there is a neighborhood
0
V ,
) (
0
1
0
U V

_t such that
0 2 1 2 1
) ( ) ( ), ( ) ( V x u x u x u x u e ' ' for U U x x ' e
2 1
, .
Let ) ( )) ( ( x u x h q and
1
) ( ) (

' x u x u be defined in
0
V , ) ( )) ( ( = ) ( x u x h x u q ' for all U U x ' e .
Consider the continuous map C U U f
0 0
: ,
) ) ( ) ( ) ( ( = ) , (
1
2 1 2 1
1
2 1

x x u x u x u x x f q .
) ( )) ( ( ) ( )) ( ( = ) ( ) (
2 2 1 1 2 1
x u x h x u x h x u x u q q ' ' ;
) ( ) ( ] ) ( )) ( ( ) ( ))[ ( ( =
2 1
1
1 2 1 1
x u x u x u x h x u x h

q q ;
) ( )) , ( ( )) ( ( )) ( ( =
2 1 2 1 2 1 1
x x u x x f x h x x h q q q ;
by the action (3.3)
) ( )) ( ( )) , ( ( )) ( ( )) ( ( =
2 1
1
2 1 2 1 2 1 1
x x u x x h x x f x h x x h '

q q q q
where
0 2 1
, U x x e . Since C is abelian, then
) ( )) ( ( )) , ( ( )) ( ( )) ( (
= )) , ( (
2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 1
2 1
x x u x x h x x f x h x x h
x x f
' + + +
' '
q q q q
q

))) ( ( (
= ) ( )) ( ( )) ( ( )) ( (
= )) , ( ( )) , ( (
2 1
2 1 2 1 2 1 1
2 1 2 1
x x h
x x u x x h x h x x h
x x f x x f
q o
q q q
q q
' + +
' '
.
) ( = ) ( ) ( h f f oq q q ' '
Therefore, the pair factor set is independent of the
choice of the continuous local cross-section.
Definition 3.15 Let X and Y be topological
local groups with the action X on Y . Suppose
1
X
and
1
Y are neighborhoods of the identities in X
and Y respectively such that all products are
defined . Let ) ( : Y Aut X u ,
1
= ) ( = ) )( (

xyx y y x
x
u u be a continuous strong
homomorphism where
1
X xe and
1
Y y e . We
define X Y X Y X Y ) ( ) ( : by
) ), ( ( = )) , ( ), , (( x x y y x y x y
x
' ' ' '
'
u
for every
1
, X x x e ' and
1
, Y y y e ' . The space
) , ( X Y is called the semi-direct product of
topological local groups X and Y with respect to
u , denoted by Y X
u
.
Proposition 3.16 Let X and C be topological
H. Sahleh, A. Hosseini
International Journal of Statistiika and Mathematika, ISSN: 2277- 2790 E-ISSN: 2249-8605, Volume 3 Issue 2 Page 60
local groups and C abelian. Let ) , ( u f be a pair
factor set on X to C . There exists an extension
) , , ( q t E of C by X with a continuous local
cross-section u which corresponds to ) , ( u f .

Proof. Let X and C be topological local groups
and C abelian. Let
1
V is a neighborhood of the
identity in X . By Lemma 2.6, there is a symmetric
neighborhood
0
V in
1
V such that
0 2 1
V x x e for all
1 2 1
, V x x e . Suppose
1
W is a neighborhood of the
identity in C . By Lemma 2.6, there is a symmetric
neighborhood
0
W in
1
W , such that
0 2 1
W c c e for
all
1 2 1
, W c c e .
Suppose X C E
u
= . By [3, Theorem 2.28], X C
u

is a topological local group with the product
) )), , ( ( ) ( ( = ) , )( , (
2 1 2 1 2
1
1 2 2 1 1
x x x x f c c x c x c
x
q u
for every
1 2 1
, V x x e and
1 2 1
, W c c e ;
where C W
x

0
1
: u is a local automorphism.
The identity of E is (1,1) and the inverse is given
by
) ), )) , ( ( ( ( = ) , (
1 1 1 1 1 1
x x x f c x c
x
q u for
X x e and C c e .
The map X E : t , x x c ) , ( : t is a strong
homomorphism, since t is the projection of X C
u

onto X . It is clear that t is open and continuous.
The kernel t =
0
C consists of the elements ,1) (c
with the product ,1) ( = ,1) ,1)( (
2 1 2 1
c c c c whenever
2 1
c c is defined. Since f is normalized then
1 = ) (1, x f , for every X x e . So
0
C can be
identified with C by the correspondence
,1) (1,1) ( :
1
cf c q .
Let ) (1, = ) ( x x u . If
1 2 1
, V x x e , we define

) ( )),1) , ( ( ( = ) ( ) (
2 1 2 1 2 1
x x u x x f x u x u q (3.4)
We have

; ) )(1, )(1, (1, = ) ( ) ( ) (
1
2 1 2 1
1
2 1 2 1

x x x x x x u x u x u
; ) )(1, ), , ( ( =
1
2 1 2 1 2 1

x x x x x x f
; ) )(1, ,1)(1, ) (1, ) , ( ( =
1
2 1 2 1
1
2 1 2 1

x x x x x x f x x f
),1). , ( ( =
2 1
x x f
We can verify that
,1) ( = ) ( ) (
1
c x cu x u
x
u

(3.5)
; ) ,1)(1, )( (1, = ) ( ) (
1 1
x c x x cu x u
; ) )(1, ,1), ( ( =
1
x x x cf
x
u
; ) )(1, ,1)(1, ( =
1
x x c
x
u
,1). ( = c
x
u
Then, by (3.4) and (3.5), ) , ( u f is a pair factor set
of ) , , ( q t E with the local cross-section u .

Remark 3.17Let ) , ( u f be a pair factor set of X
to C . By Propositions 3.13, 3.16, 3.14, every pair
factor set corresponds to an element of ) , (
2
C X H
L
.
Therefore, ) , ( u f determines ) , ( C X Ext
L
c
e c ,
) , , ( = q t c E . Now, let ) , ( C X Ext
L
c
e ' c ,
) , , ( = q t c ' ' ' ' E be another local extension and
c c ' .
By Proposition 3.13, there is a pair factor set ) , ( u' ' f
which corresponds to c' . By Definition 3.7, choose
an arbitrary open continuous strong isomorphism
E E ' ; : o such that t o t = ' and ) ( = ) ( c c q oq '
for C c e . Then, u u o = ' is a continuous local
cross-section of c' . As in Proposition 3.14, ) , ( u' ' f
corresponding to u' is identical with ) , ( u f
corresponding to u . Hence, equivalent local
extensions of C by X determine the same element
of ) , (
2
C X H
L
.

Theorem 3.18 Let X and C be topological
local groups and C abelian. There is a one to one
corresponding between the second cohomology of a
topological local group ) , (
2
C X H
L
and the group
of equivalence classes of topological local extensions
with continuous local crossed-sections.
Proof.By [4,Theorem 2.9], ) , (
2
C X H
L
is a group.
Then, it is immediate by, Propositions 3.13 and
3.16.

References:
[1] Goldbring, Hilbert's fifth problem for local groups,
Annales. Math, Vol. 172, No.2, pp 1269-1314, 2010.
[2] S.T. Hu, Cohomology theory in Topological Groups,
Michigan Math. J. Vol. 1, pp 11-59, 1952.
[3] H. Sahleh, A. Hosseini, A Note on topoogical local
groups, Journal of Mathematical Sciences: Advances
and Applications, Vol. 14, No .2, pp 101-127, 2012.
[4] H. Sahleh, A. Hosseini,The Group of Extensions of a
Topological Local Group ,General Mathematics Notes
(GMN), to appear.
[5] S. Swierczkowski, Embedding Theorems for Local
Analytic Groups, Acta . Math. Vol.114, pp 207-235,
1965.