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CBSE - Class X - Science - Ch7 - Control and Coordination
Q2: The activities of the internal organs are controlled by the (a) Central Nervous System (b) Peripheral Nervous System (c) Autonomic Nervous System (d) None of these Answer: (a) Central Nervous System
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Answer: (c) abscisic acid Q15: Which of the following hormones contains iodine? (a) adrenaline (b) testosterone (c) thyroxine (d) insulin Answer: (c) thyroxine Q16: Which part of brain controls the posture and balance of the body? (a) Cerebrum (b) Cerebellum (c) Pons (d) Medulla Answer: (b) Cerebellum
Q17: What is the difference between a reflex action and walking? Answer:
Reflex Action A reflex action is an automatic and rapid (spontaneous) response to a stimulus. Walking
It is a conscious and deliberate action i.e. it is done after a thought is processed by the brain.
It does not involve any kind of thinking or feeling to control It is the voluntary action that we have acquired through the reaction. learning Spinal cord is directly involved in it. When a bright light is focussed on your eyes, we immediately close it, a knee-jerk are examples of reflex action. It is directly controlled by hind-brain (cerebellum). Examples: Walking in a straight line, riding a bicycle, picking up a pencil (Voluntary actions and precision control)
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Synapse
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Q20: What happens at the synapse between two neurons? Answer: Synapse is a very small gap between the last portion of axon of one neuron and the dendron of the other neuron. It acts as a one way valve to transmit impulses. This is one directional flow of impulses because the chemicals are produced only on one side of the neuron i.e., the axons side. Via axon, the impulses travel across the synapse to the dendron of the other neuron. In toto, synapse performs the following tasks: 1. It allows the information to pass from one neuron to another. 2. It ensures the passage of nerve impulse in one direction only. 3. It helps in information processing by combining the effects of all impulses received. Watch the you tube video explaining what is the Synapse structure and how it functions.
Q21: Which part of the brain maintains posture and equilibrium of the body? Answer: Cerebellum.
Q22: How do we detect the smell of an agarbatti (incense stick)? Answer: The fore-brain is the main thinking part of the brain. It has regions which receive sensory impulses from various receptors. Separate areas of the fore-brain are specialised for hearing, smell, sight and so on. Olfactoreceptors (present in nose) send the information about the smell of incense stick to fore-brain. The for-brain interprets it along with with information received from other receptors as well as with information that is already stored in the brain. Q23: List the functions performed by Cerebrum. Answer: The cerebrum performs the following functions: 1. It governs our mental abilities like thinking, reasoning, learning, memorising etc. 2. It controls our feelings, emotions and speech. 3. It controls all involuntary functions.
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Q25: What are the functions of cerebellum? Answer: 1. Maintains equilibrium or balance of the body. 2. Coordinates muscular movement. 3. Controls posture of the body.
Q26: How brain is protected inside a human body? Answer: Brain is protected by a bony box called cranium, within which are present 3 layers of fluid-filled (called cerebrospinal fluid) membranes (called meninges) for absorbing shock and buoyancy. Q27: What is the role of the brain in reflex action? Answer: Brain has no role to play in creation of reflex action response. Instead spinal cord is the control centre of a reflex action. In fact brain becomes aware after the reflex arc has been formed. Q28: What do you mean by reflex action? Give examples of reflex actions? Answer: It is defined as fast, unconscious, immediate, automatic and involuntary response of the body (through effectors) to a stimulus. It is monitored through spinal cord.
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Q29: What are the different types of reflexes? Answer: There are two types of reflexes: Unconditioned reflexes Conditioned reflexes
Unconditioned or Unconditional reflexes are those which are inherited. Our brain does not learn these reflexes. E.g. when we touch a hot plate, we immediately moves away our hand. Conditioned reflexes are those which our brain has learned by repeating the action number of times. e.g. a typist is typing a letter without looking at the typewriter keys. Q30: What is reflex arc? Answer: The structural and functional unit that carries our reflex action is called a reflex arc. It consists of: A receptor sensory nerve (afferent) Spinal Cord and Inter-neuron motor nerve (efferent) effector
Q31: What are plant hormones? Answer: Plant hormones or phytohormones are naturally-occurring organic substances used as chemical coordinators in plants. These are synthesized in one part of the plant body (in minute quantities) and are translocated to other parts when required. The five major types of phytohormones are: auxins: promote cell division, bending of shoot towards the source of light. gibberellins: stimulate stem elongation. cytokinins: promote cell division. abscisic acid: inhibit growth ,closing of stomata ,seed dormancy. ethylene( gas hormone): promotes fruit ripening and growth.
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3. Response to Stimulus non-directional 4. Reason for action 5. Alternate name change in turgor nastics folding of leaves of touch-me-not(mimosa), opening and closing of stomata
6. Examples
Q35: What will happen when plant is exposed to unidirectional light? Answer: Stem bends towards unidirectional flow of light. It is called phototropism. Q36(CBSE 2009): What is chemotropism? Answer: Directional movement of a plant/ or its part in response to chemicals is called chemotropism. e.g. growth of the pollen tube towards the ovule is a chemotropic movement due to which fertilization of flower takers place.
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