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Gu Songqing Yin Zhonglin Qi Lijuan Zhengzhou Light Metal Research Institute ,Zhengzhou, P.R.China 450041
Abstract Indirect preheating process of bauxite slurry is necessary for the intensifying Bayer digestion process of diasporic bauxite. It is unavoidable to form scale on indirect heating surface. The two-stream and lime Bayer process, combining the new two-stream digestion process with the lime Bayer digestion process, has been proposed. A series of key technologies for indirect preheating and intensifying digestion of diasporic bauxite have been solved. As a result, the caustic consumption can be reduced and the digestion process can be accelerated and then the advanced technological and economical indexes may be reached. Three feasible approaches to realize the two-stream and lime Bayer digestion have been proposed.
keep the necessary caustic concentration, spent liquor needs to be evaporated to some extent, which brings about more energy consumption and higher production cost. It is quite important to develop indirect preheating digestion process and the relevant new equipment for Chinese alumina industry. A great number of scientific researchers have been studied on technology to intensify Bayer digestion of Chinese diasporic bauxite since 1980s. At the end of 1980s, one-stream intensifying technology with tubepreheating & retention-autoclave digestion was
developed and a pilot plant with a capability of 10,000 ton alumina per year was built as well, where pilot tests were done on different kinds of Chinese diasporic bauxite. Some fundamental theories were systematically studied on kinetics and engineering of digestion reaction
Introduction Some Chinese alumina plants have still been applying steam-direct-preheating digestion technology, which was introduced in 1950s from Russia, with higher energy consumption of 33 GJ per ton of alumina. The main problem is that the bauxite slurry is diluted by high pressure steam for direct-preheating, and in order to
as well as reaction behavior of impurity minerals and additives during the period of preheating and digestion. All these lead to the development of new processes under the required conditions.
tube system.
stream & lime Bayer digestion process, is proposed and especially suitable for the Chinese diasporic bauxite with
complicated mineral composition.
preheating & retention-autoclaves digestion technology developed in China. The main technology impediment of one-stream
two-stream & lime-Bayer intensifying digestion with indirect-preheating 2.1 Research and development on new two-stream
digestion process
Development on the new two-stream digestion process and equipment for Chinese diasporic bauxite was one of
the important scientific achievements in China recent
digestion
bauxite.
2.2 Research and development on new lime-Bayer
digestion process
Compared with common Bayer process, more lime additive is used in the lime-Bayer digestion process,
The new process can be shown as the following technological schemes or flowsheets.
optimum range for lime addition leading to the lowest cost. In comparison with the common Bayer process, the
digestion performance is improved and the rate of
desilication at the converging temperature (about 235245C) bauxite slurry is preheated up to digestion temperature by one-stream tube preheater. Figure 1
3. Newly
developed
Bayer
intensifying
digestion
shows the converging-stream process. In the first stage of the process no scales are formed
by selecting and controlling appropriate technological conditions in the slurry preparation, preheating and digestion processes. A series of key technological problems on indirect-
temperatures.
In this process, lime can be added to either caustic liquor
or slurry before preheating.
1 60-1 80r.
predesilication
indirect preheating
caustic liquor
indirect preheating
steam
dilution
260C
3.2
260C according to the research results on digestion kinetics of diasporic bauxite and lots of production
3.3
that the possible corrosion of caustic liquor are reduced at high temperature in this scheme, and there is still no scale on preheaters because of only small amount of
slurry addition. The solid content in slurry can be
sheet. Solid content or period of feeding slurry to caustic liquor depends on the silica and titania minerals in bauxite,
while quantity of lime fed to slurry or caustic liquor
predesilication
indirect preheating
caustic liquor
indirect preheating
steam
digested slurry
Flash
tanks
Fig 2 two-stream & lime Bayer digestion process with slurry fed to caustic liquor
4.Conclusion
It is an efficient means to apply two-stream & limeBayer digestion process for intensifying digestion of Chinese diasporic bauxite.
optimum parameters and designing of two-stream & lime Bayer digestion process.
References
[11.Gu Songqing, Yin Zhonglin etc., "Research on new
caustic liquor tubes as well as retrofitted two-stream process with part of slurry fed to caustic liquor
respectively. In these processes, it is stable and reliable
[5]Ma
Chaojian,
"Discussion
on
Feasibility
of