The French alphabet

English A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

French A Be Ce De E Eff Ge Ache I Ji Ka Elle Emme Enne O Pe Ku Err Ess Te U Ve Double ve Ikss Igrec Zedd

Pronouncation in Hindi

First and most important part to learn any language is greetings. These are the few Greetings.. The basic phrases les expressions de base Sr.no 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 English Hello, good day, good morning Good evening Good night (only said when going to bed) Hi bye(informal) Goodbye(formal) Please (formal informal) Thank you (very much) You're welcome You're welcome. (formal) go ahead. Welcome (also you're welcome in quebec) Let's go! See you in a little while See you later See you soon See you tomorrow I'm sorry Excuse me! (Pushing through a crowd) sorry! (stepped on someone's foot) Excuse me! (Getting someone's attention) i'm sorry! (more formal apology) Nice to meet you. How are you? (informal) Yes no Mister, madam, madam (bachelor) What's new? French Bonjour Bonsoir Bonne nuit Salut Au revoir S'il vous plat s'il te plat Merci (beaucoup) De rien Je vous en prie Bienvenu(e) Allons-y! A tout l'heure A plus tard A bientt A demain Je suis dsol(e) Pardon! Excusez-moi ! Pronunciation Bonu Bonswa Bn ni Saly O vwa Sil vu pl Msi boku De ie vu zn pri Bjvny Aln zi A tu ta l A ply ta A bjnto A dm Dezle Padn Ekskyze mwa te

! -

19

Enchant(e)

20 21 22 23 24

a va ? a va Oui non Monsieur, Madame, mademoiselle Quoi de neuf ?

Sa va Wi n Mesio madam madmazl Kw d nf

1. Bonjour- it is the most used word during greeting. It is made by two words bon-good and jour means day. So it is used in any time of day or for hello purposes. 2. Bonsoir- it is used in evening only. It is made by two words bon means good and soir means evening. 3. Bonne nuit - only said when going to bed. It is made by two words bonne means good and nuit means night. Difference between bon and bonne is masculine and feminine. According to french language every word (noun) is divided into masc. And feminine so jour is masc. We used bon and night is feminine we used bonne 4. Salut- we used this word during informal like for friends. 5. Au revoir-bye bye (formal).it is made of two words voir means see and revoir means see you again. Used in official and for respected persons. 6. Sil vous plait- it means please. In our marriage cards we used rsvp its means respondez sil vous plait rsvp is written on an invitation it means the invited guest must tell the host whether or not they plan to attend the party 7. Merci- Thanks and beaucoup means a lot.

Question Words les interrogatifs Who What Why When Where How How much many Which what Qui Quoi Pourquoi Quand O Comment Combien Quel(le) ki kwa pukua k u km k j kl

Cardinal Numbers Les Nombres cardinaux Zero One Two Three Four Five Six Seven Eight Nine Ten Eleven Twelve Thirteen Fourteen Fifteen Sixteen Seventeen Eighteen Nineteen Twenty Twenty-one Twenty-two Twenty-three Zro Un Deux Trois Quatre Cinq Six Sept Huit Neuf Dix Onze Douze Treize Quatorze Quinze Seize Dix-sept Dix-huit Dix-neuf Vingt Vingt et un Vingt-deux Vingt-trois zeo d tw kat sk sis st it nf dis z duz tz katz kz sz dist dizit diznf v vt e v d v tw

Thirty Thirty-one Thirty-two Forty Fifty Sixty Seventy Seventy-one Seventy-two Eighty Eighty-one Eighty-two Ninety Ninety-one Ninety-two One Hundred One Hundred One Two Hundred Two Hundred One Thousand Two Thousand Million Billion

Trente Trente et un Trente-deux Quarante Cinquante Soixante Soixante-dix Soixante et onze Soixante-douze Quatre-vingts Quatre-vingt-un Quatre-vingt-deux Quatre-vingt-dix Quatre-vingt-onze Quatre-vingt-douze Cent Cent un Deux cents Deux cent un Mille Deux mille Un million Un milliard

tt tt e tt d kat skt swast swastdis swast e z swast duz katv katv t katv d katv dis katv z katv dz s s t d s d s t mil d mil milj milja

- - - - -

Months of the Year Les mois de l'annEe January February March April May June July August September October November December month year decade century millennium Janvier Fvrier Mars Avril Mai Juin Juillet Aot Septembre Octobre Novembre Dcembre Le mois L'an l'anne La dcennie Le sicle Le millnaire vje fevije mas avil m ij u(t) spt kt nv des l mwa l lane deseni l sjkl milen

Seasons Les saisons Summer Fall Winter Spring l't l'automne l'hiver le printemps lete lotn liv l pt

Colors & Shapes Les couleurs & les formes Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Purple rouge orange jaune vert verte bleu bleue violet violette u on v vt bl vjl vjlt l l square circle triangle rectangle oval cube sphere cylinder cone octagon box light dark le carr le cercle le triangle le rectangle l'ovale le cube la sphre le cylindre le cne l'octogone la bote clair claire fonc fonce kae skl tijgl ktgl val kyb sf sild Kon ktogn Bwat kl fse

White blanc blanche Brown Black Pink Gold Silver Gray brun brune marron noir noire rose dor dore argent argente gris grise

yn ma nwa oz de

ate gi giz

Weather Le temps qu'il fait What's the weather like? It's nice bad cool cold warm, hot cloudy beautiful mild stormy sunny humid muggy windy foggy snowing raining freezing hailing It is ____ degrees. Quel temps fait-il ? Il fait bon Il fait mauvais Il fait frais Il fait froid Il fait chaud Il fait nuageux Il fait beau Il fait doux Il fait orageux Il fait soleil Il fait humide Il fait lourd Il fait du vent Il fait du brouillard Il neige Il pleut Il gle Il grle Il fait ____ degrs. kl t f til il f il f mve il f f il f fw il f o il f nya il f o il f du il f a il f slj il f ymid il f lu il f dy v il f dy uja il n il pl il l il gl il f __ dge

Family & Animals La famille & les animaux

Family Relatives Parents Grandparents Mom Stepmother Mother-in-Law Dad Stepfather Father-in-Law Daughter Son Sister Half Step Sister Sister-in-Law Stepdaughter Daughter-inLaw Brother Half Step Brother Brother-in-Law la famille des parents les parents famij pa pa

Niece Nephew Grandchildren Granddaughter Grandson Godfather Godmother Godson Goddaughter Distant Relatives Single Married Separated Divorced Widower Widow

la nice le neveu les petits-enfants la petite-fille le petit-fils le parrain la marraine le filleul la filleule des parents loigns clibataire mari(e) spar(e) divorc(e) veuf veuve

njs n()v p()tizf p()tit fij p()tifis pa man fijl fijl pa elwa e seli at maje sepae divse vf vv

les grandsgpa parents la mre maman la bellemre le pre papa le beaupre la fille le fils la sur la demisur la bellesur la bellefille le frre le demifrre le beaufrre m mm lm p papa op fij fis s dmi s ls l fij f dmi f

o f bo fis ymo Dog Cat le chien la chienne (m) (f) le chat la chatte (m) (f) j a jn at

Stepson Son-inle beau-fils Law Twins (m) les jumeaux

Twins (f) Uncle Aunt Grandmother Grandfather Cousin (f) Cousin (m) Wife Husband Woman Man Child (m) (f) Girl Boy

les jumelles l'oncle la tante la grandmre le grandpre la cousine le cousin la femme le mari la femme l'homme un enfant une enfant la fille le garon

yml kl tt gm gp kuzin kuz fam mai fam m f fij gas

Puppy Kitten Pig Rooster Rabbit Cow Horse Duck Goat Goose Sheep Lamb Donkey Mouse

le chiot le chaton le cochon le coq le lapin la vache le cheval le canard la chvre l'oie le mouton l'agneau l'ne la souris

jo at k kk lap va ()val kana v wa mut a o n sui

Now we discussed how to make a sentence in any language

Requirements areSubject (1) + Verb (2) + Object (3) e.g. I (1) am (2) engineer (3) So to discuss further we discussed only subject Sr. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. English I You(informal) He She We You(formal) They(masculine) They(feminine) French Je Tu Il Elle Nous Vous Ils Elles Pronunciation

VERBS
2. Verbs are the most important part to make a sentence. There are lots of verbs as discussed below: Verbs are divided in to three ways because. They follows same rule. They are categorized by ending and they make group. VERBS 1st Type of Verbs ER Ending Ver s 2nd Type of verbs IR Ending Ver s ER Ending Verbs ALLER 3rd Type of Verbs IR Ending Verbs Venir Tenir OIR Ending Verbs Avoir RE Ending Verbs Etre

Parler Payer Manger Commencer

Benir Finir Reussir

But now we discussed some most important Verbs first 1. ETRE----To Be Subject (English) I You He She We You They(Masculine) They(Feminine) Verb (English) am are is is are are are are Subject (French) Je Tu Il Elle Nous Vous Ils(Masculine) Elles(Feminine) Verb (French) suis es est est sommes etes sont sont

Now we make sentences with the help ofETRE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. I am engineer You are student He is boy She is girl We are fine You are professor They are student Je suis ingenieur Tu es etudiant Il est garcon Elle est fille Nous sommes bien Vous etes professeur Ils sont etudiants

2. Avoir---To have Subject (English) I You He She We You They(Masculine) They(Feminine) Verb (English) have have has has have have have have Subject (French) J Tu Il Elle Nous Vous Ils(Masculine) Elles(Feminine) Verb (French) ai as a a avons avez ont ont

Now we make sentences with the help ofAvoir 8. 9. 10. 11. I have a friend You have a girlfriend He has a dream She has beautiful eyes Jai un ami Tu as une petit copine Il a un rever Elle a beaux yeux.

3. Aller---To Go Subject (English) I You He She We You They(Masculine) They(Feminine) 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. I go to restaurant You go to market He goes to india Comment allez vous? Je vais bien Verb (English) go go goes goes go go go go Subject (French) Je Tu Il Elle Nous Vous Ils(Masculine) Elles(Feminine) Je vais au restaurant Tu vas au marche Il va en linde How are you? I am fine? Verb (French) vais vas va va allons allez vont vont

4. Faire---To do Subject (English) I You He She We You They(Masculine) They(Feminine) Verb (English) do do do do do do do do Subject (French) Je Tu Il Elle Nous Vous Ils(Masculine) Elles(Feminine) Verb (French) fais Fais Fait Fait faisons faites Font font

17. I do-----------------------------------------Je fais 18. You do your work------------------------Tu fais votre devoir 19. We do sking-------------------------------- Nous faisons du ski After knowing four ver s ETRE, AVOIR, ALLER, and FAIRE We are going to discuss the asics groups of verbs which are divided into 3 groups.1st Type, 2nd Type, 3rd Groups. 1st type of group is er ending verbs. 2nd type of group isir ending & 3rd type of group is very strange. They dont follows rule but their family follow rule Imp. French Acheter Admettre Admirer Adorer Aider Aimer Aller Amener Appeler Apporter Apprcier Apprendre Arriver Assister Attendre Avoir Acheter Admettre Admirer English To buy To admit To admire To adore, idolize, worship To help, assist To like, love To go To bring, lead To call, name, invite To bring To appreciate To learn, teach To arrive, come, happen To help, aid, attend To wait, await, expect To have, be, obtain To buy To admit To admire Group 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 3 3 1 3 1

Imp. Imp. Imp. V.Imp. Imp. Imp. Imp. Imp. Imp. Imp. V.Imp. Imp. .

Imp.

Imp. Imp. Imp. Imp. Imp. Imp. Imp. Imp. Imp.

Btir Boire Bricoler Changer Chanter Chausser Chercher Choisir Commencer Comprendre Conduire Connatre Conseiller Considrer Consommer Construire Consulter Contacter Contenir Continuer Contrler Convenir Corriger Courir Couvrir Craindre

Imp. Imp. Imp. Imp.

Croire Cultiver Danser Dcouvrir Dcrire Dduire Dfendre Demander Dpendre Descendre Dsirer

Imp.

Imp.

To build, erect To drink To tinker To change To sing To shoe To look for, search, seek To choose, select, pick To begin, start, initiate To understand, comprehend To conduct, drive, guide, lead To know To counsel, advise, recommend To consider, ponder To consummate, accomplish, consume To construct, build, engineer To consult, interrogate, refer To contact To contain, repress, hold To continue To control, examine, inspect To agree, be acceptable To correct, rectify, adjust, edit To run To cover, cloud To fear, apprehend, dread To believe To cultivate To dance To discover, find, uncover, reveal To describe To deduce, deduct, gather To defend To ask, demand To depend To descend, get off, go down, take down To want, wish, desire

2 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 3 3 3 1 1 1 3 1 1 3 1 1 3 1 3 3 3 3 1 1 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 1

Imp. Imp. V.Imp. V.Imp. Imp.

Dtenir Dtester Devenir Devoir Dire Discuter Distribuer Donner Dormir chouer couter crire Embaucher Emmener Entendre Entrer Envoyer Esprer Essayer tablir tre tudier viter Exiger Exister Expliquer Exprimer Faire Falloir Fliciter Finir Frquenter

Imp. Imp. Imp. Imp. Imp. Imp. Imp. Imp. Imp. Imp. Imp. Imp.

V. Imp. V. Imp.

Imp.

Imp. Imp. Imp.

Fumer Gagner Grandir Grossir

Imp. Imp.

Habiter Hsiter Inviter Jeter

To detain, hold To hate, detest To become To have to, owe, be indebted To say, tell To discuss, argue, debate To distribute, dispense, allot To give To sleep To fail, be stranded To listen, listen to To write To hire, take on To take away, lead To hear, understand To enter, go in, let in, bring in To send To hope To try To establish, settle To be To study To avoid, avert, elude To require To exist To explain, demonstrate To express, formulate, voice To make, do, take To be necessary To congratulate, compliment To finish, conclude, close To frequent, assoicate with To smoke, fume, steam To earn, win, gain To grow, grow up, increase To enlarge, swell, get fat, increase, magnify To live, inhabit, live in To hesitate To invite, ask To throw, hurl, cast,

3 1 3 3 3 1 1 1 3 1 1 3 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 1 2 1 1 1

1 1 1 1

Imp. Imp. Imp. Imp. Imp.

Imp.

Jouer Laver Lever Lire Maintenir Manger Marcher Mener Mriter Mettre Mincir Monter Montrer Mourir Natre Noter Nourrir Obir Obtenir Offrir Organiser Oublier Ouvrir Parler Partager Participer Partir Passer Payer Peindre Penser Perdre Permettre Peser Plaindre Plaire Pleuvoir Porter Poser Pouvoir Prfrer Prendre Prparer Prsenter

Imp. Imp. Imp. Imp.

Imp.

Imp. Imp. Imp. Imp. Imp. Imp. Imp. Imp. Imp. Imp.

Imp. Imp.

Imp. Imp. Imp. Imp. Imp.

throw away To play, act To wash, clean, bathe To get up To read To maintain To eat To walk, step, work To lead, take To deserve To put, put on, lay, set, place To get thinner To go up, ascend, escalate, rise, climb To show, display, point out, appear To die To be born To note, to write To feed, nourish To obey To get, obtain To offer To organize, arrange, plan To forget To opem To speak To share To participate To leave, depart Pass, spend, happen To pay, pay for To paint To think To lose to permit, enable, allow To weigh, ponder To pity, complain To please, enjoy, like To rain, shower To carry, wear To put, lay, set, pose, ask To be able, to be allowed To prefer To take, have To prepare To present, introduce,

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3

1 1 3 3 1

1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 3 1 3 3 1 3 3 1 1 3 1 3 1 1

Prter Prvenir Procurer Profiter Promettre Proposer Quitter Ranger Rater Ragir Recevoir Rciter Recouvrir Rdiger Redoubler Rduire Rflchir Refuser Regarder Rgler Remettre Imp. Imp. Imp. Remplir Rencontrer Rendre Rentrer Rparer Repasser Rpter Rpondre Reprendre Rserver Imp. Rester Retenir Retourner Retrouver Runir Russir Revenir

Imp.

Imp.

Imp.

show To lend, loan To warn, forewarn, prevent To procure To benefit, profit, take advantage of To promise To propose, suggest, offer To leave, quit To arrange, straighten, order To miss, fail, spoil To react, respond To receive, accomodate To recite To recover, overlap To write, draft To redouble To reduce To think, reflect To refuse To watch, look at, view, regard, consider To adjust, regulate, rule To put back, bring together, postpone To fill, replenish To meet, encounter To give back, surrender To go in, re-enter, return To repair To iron, pass again To repeat To answer, respond, reply To take, take back, resume To reserve, book, set aside To remain, stay To keep, retain, repress To return, turn around To recover, rediscover, find again To unite, join, gather To succeed, pass To come back, return

1 3 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1

1 1 1 3

1 3 1 1 1 1

1 1 3 1 1

2 3

Imp. Imp. Imp. Imp. Imp. Imp. Imp. Imp. Imp. Imp. Imp. Imp. Imp.

Rver Rire S'amuser S'appeler S'arrter S'en aller S'endormir S'nerver S'ennuyer S'entendre S'excuser S'habiller S'inquiter S'inscrire S'intresser S'occuper Savoir Se coiffer Se coucher Se dbrouiller Se dcourager

Imp. Imp. Imp.

Imp. Imp. Imp. Imp.

Se demander Se dpcher Se dtendre Se disputer Se fcher Se fiancer Se laver Se lever Se maquiller Se marier Se peigner Se prparer Se promener Se rappeler Se raser Se renseigner Se reposer Se rveiller Se sentir Se souvenir Se spcialiser

Imp. Imp. Imp. Imp. Imp. Imp. Imp. Imp. Imp. Imp. Imp. Imp. Imp.

To dream To laugh To have fun To call To stop, arrest, apprehend To leave To lull, allay To get excited To be bored, bothered, hassled To get along To apologize To get dressed To get worried To write down, register, enroll To be interested To take care To know To cap, cover, put on a hat To go to bed, lie down To unravel, disentangle, sort out, clear up To discourage, dishearten To ask, demand To hurry To relax To argue, quarrel To get angry To get engaged, become engaged To wash oneself To rise, get up, wake up To make up, disguise To get married To comb To prepare To go for a walk To remember, recall To shave To inform To take a rest To wake up To feel To remember To specialize

1 3 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 3 1 1 1 3 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 1

Imp.

Imp.

Imp. Imp. Imp. Imp. Imp. Imp. Imp. Imp. Imp.

Se tromper Scher Sduire Sembler Sentir Servir Simplifier Songer Sonner Sortir Souffrir Souhaiter Sourire Suivre Surveiller Tlphoner Tenir Tomber Toucher Tourner Tousser Travailler Traverser Trouver Valoir Vendre Venir Vieillir Visiter Vivre Voir Vouloir Voyager

Imp. Imp. Imp. Imp. Imp. Imp.

To be mistaken, wrong To dry To seduce To seem, look, appear To feel, taste, savor To serve, wait, be useful To simplify To wonder, think To sound, strike, ring To leave, exit, go out, take out, bring out To suffer To wish To smile, grin To follow To supervise, oversee To phone To hold, keep To fall To touch, feel, contact, near To turn, rotate To cough To work To cross To find To be worth To sell, market To come To age, mature To visit To live To see, look at To want, wish, please To travel

1 1 3 1 3 1 1 1 3 3 1 3 3 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 1 3 3 3 1

1st Type of Verbs

Those ver s which are ending y ER. They follow same rule during conjugation. Je Tu Il Elle Nous Vous Ils elles e es e e ons ez ont ont

Congugation of Parler in present form Je Tu Il Elle Nous Vous Ils Elles Parl Parl Parl Parl Parl Parl Parl Parl e es e e ons ez ont ont Parle Parles Parle Parle Parlons Parlez Parlont Parlont I You He She We You They(Masc.) They (Fem.) Speaks Speak Speaks Speaks Speak Speak Speak Speak

Now we can conjugate each and every verb whose ending is from ER Like Chanter, laver, lever, sauter etc and many more by this rule Je Tu Il Elle Nous Vous Ils Elles Achet Achet Achet Achet Achet Achet `Achet Achet e es e e ons ez ont ont Achete Achetes Achete Achete Achetons Achetez Achetont Achetont I You He She We You They(Masc.) They (Fem.) Buy Buy Buy Buy Buy Buy Buy Buy

2nd Type of Verbs

Those ver s which are ending y ER. They follow same rule during conjugation. Je Tu Il Elle Nous Vous Ils elles Congugation of Finir Je Tu Il Elle Nous Vous Ils Elles List of 2nd Type of verbs who follows same rule Abolir to abolish Agir to act Avertir to warn Btir to build Bnir to bless hoisir to choose Etablir to establish Etourdir to stun, deafen, make dizzy Finir to finish Grossir to gain weight, get fat Gurir to cure, heal, recover Maigrir to lose weight, get thin Nourrir to feed, nourish Obir to obey Punir to punish Rflchir to reflect, think Fin Fin Fin Fin Fin Fin Fin Fin is is it it issons issez issent issent is is it it issons issez issent issent

Remplir to to fill Russir to succeed Rougir to blush, turn red Vieillir to grow old

3rd Type of Verbs

Third Type of verbs are very strange, they dont follows rule ut they make families of 5-10 verbs and families follows same rule. Like 1st Family is of Prendre means--Je Tu Il elle on Nous Vous Ils elles prends prends prend prenons prenez prennent prend prend prend pren pren pren s s ons ez nent

PRENDRE, APPRENDRE, and COMPRENDRE

APPRENDRE---To Learn
Je Tu Il elle on Nous Vous Ils elles apprends apprends apprend apprenons apprenez apprennent apprend apprend apprend appren appren appren s s ons ez nent

COMPRENDRE---To Understand
Je Tu Il elle on Nous Vous Ils elles comprends comprends comprend comprenons comprenez comprennent comprend comprend comprend compren compren compren s s ons ez nent

2nd Family---ATTENDRE, ENTENDRE, VENDRE ATTENDRE-----To wait

Je Tu Il elle on Nous Vous Ils elles
attends attends attend attendons attendez attendent attend attend attend attend attend attend

s
s ons ez ent

ENTENDRE----To Hear
Je Tu Il elle on Nous Vous Ils elles
entends entends attend entend entendez entendent entend entend entend entend entend entend

s
s ons ez ent

VENDRE----To Sell
Je Tu Il elle on Nous Vous Ils elles
vends vends vend vend vendez vendent vend vend vend vend vend vend

s
s ons ez ent

3rd Family--- LIRE, DECRIRE, RIRE, ECRIRE

LIRE---To Read
Je Tu Il elle on Nous Vous Ils elles lis lis lit lisons lisez lisent lis lis lit lis lis lis s s ons ez ent

DECRIRE--- To describe
Je Tu Il elle on Nous Vous Ils elles dcris dcris dcrit dcrivons dcrivez dcrivent dcri dcri dcri dcri dcri dcri s s vons vez vent

RIRE---To laugh
Je Tu Il elle on Nous Vous Ils elles ris ris rit rions riez rient ri ri ri ri ri ri s s ons ez ent

SOURIRE---To Smile
Je Tu Il elle on Nous Vous Ils elles souris souris sourit sourions souriez sourient souri souri souri souri souri souri s s ons ez ent

ECRIRE---To Write
Je Tu Il elle on Nous Vous Ils elles ecris ecris ecrit ecrivons ecriez ecrient ecri ecri ecri ecri ecri ecri s s ons ez ent

3. OBJECT--- All nouns in French have a gender, either masculine or feminine. For the most part, you must memorize the gender, but there are some endings of words that will help you decide which gender a noun is. Nouns ending in -age and -ment are usually masculine, as are nouns ending with a consonant. Nouns ending in -ure, -sion, -tion, -ence, -ance, -t, and -ette are usually feminine. Articles and adjectives must agree in number and gender with the nouns they modify. And articles have to be expressed even though they aren't always in English; and you may have to repeat the article in some cases. Demonstratives are like strong definite articles. Definite Articles (The) Masculine le lit l li the bed Feminine la pomme la pm the apple Before Vowel l'oiseau lwazo the bird Plural les gants le the gloves

Indefinite Articles (A, An, Some) Masculine un lit li a bed Feminine une pomme yn pm an apple Plural des gants de some gloves

Demonstrative Adjectives (This, That, These, Those) Masc. ce lit s li this that bed Masc, Before Vowel cet oiseau s twazo this that bird Fem. cette pomme st pm this that apple Plural ces gants se these those gloves

If you need to distinguish between this or that and these or those, you can add -ci to the end of the noun for this and these, and -l to the end of the noun for that and those. For example, ce litci is this bed, while ce lit-l is that bed.

J'ai froid. I'm cold. Tu avais raison. You were right. Il aura sommeil ce soir. He will be tired tonight. Elle a de la chance ! She's lucky! Nous aurons faim plus tard. We will be hungry later. Vous aviez tort. You were wrong. Ils ont chaud. They are hot. Elles avaient peur hier. They were afraid yesterday. Common Expressions with avoir and Etre

Je suis en retard! I'm late! Tu tais en avance. You were early. Elle sera d'accord. She will agree. Nous sommes lundi. It is Monday. Vous tiez enrhum. You had a cold. Ils seront en train d'tudier. They will be (in the act of) studying. Elles taient sur le point de partir. They were about to leave. On est de retour. We you they the people are back.

Avoir and tre are used in many common and idiomatic expressions that should be memorized: avoir chaud avoir froid avoir peur avoir raison avoir tort avoir faim avoir soif avoir sommeil avoir honte avoir besoin de avoir l'air de avoir l'intention de avoir envie de avoir de la chance avwa o avwa fwa avwa p avwa z avwa t avwa f avwa swaf avwa smj avwa t to be hot to be cold to be afraid to be right to be wrong to be hungry to be thirsty to be sleepy to be ashamed tre de retour tre en retard tre en avance tre d'accord tre sur le point de tre en train de tre enrhume nous + tre (un jour) t d tu to be back

t ta to be late t navs to be early t dak t sy l pw d t t d to be in agreement to be about to to be in the act of

t yme to have a cold t u to be (a day)

avwa zw to need d avwa d avwa tsj to look like, seem to intend to

avwa vi d to feel like avwa d la s to be lucky

Days of the Week

Monday Tuesday

Les jours de la semaine

lundi mardi mercredi jeudi vendredi samedi dimanche le jour la semaine aujourd'hui hier demain prochain prochaine dernier dernire avant-hier aprs-demain le lendemain la veille p dnje ldi madi mkdi di vddi samdi dim l u la s()mn oudi j dm p n dnj

Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday day week today yesterday tomorrow next last day before yesterday day after tomorrow the following day the day before

avtj apdm l ldm la vj

Articles are not used before days, except to express something that happens habitually on a certain day, such as le lundi = on Mondays. Days of the week are all masculine in gender and they are not capitalized in writing.

Time Le temps qui passe

What time is it? It is... one o'clock two o'clock noon midnight a quarter after three one o'clock sharp four o'clock sharp twelve thirty six thirty a quarter to seven five twenty ten fifty in the morning AM in the afternoon PM in the evening PM Today Tomorrow Yesterday The Next Day Day after tommorow Day before yesterday Tonight Last Night Night Morning Noon-Midday Midnight After Noon Quelle heure est-il ? Il est... une heure deux heures midi minuit trois heures et quart une heure prcise quatre heures prcises midi (minuit) et demi six heures et demie sept heures moins le quart cinq heures vingt onze heures moins dix du matin de l'aprs-midi du soir Aujourdhui Demain Hier Lendemain Apres Demain Avant hier Ce soir Hier Soir Nuit Matin Midi Minuit Apres midi kl til il yn d z midi mini tw z e ka yn pesiz kat pesiz midi (mini) e dmi si z e dmi st mw l ka sk v z mw dis dy mat d lapmidi dy swa

Possessive Adjectives Masc. My Your His Her Its Our Your Their mon m ton t son s notre nt votre vt leur l

les adjectifs possessifs Fem. ma ma ta ta sa sa notre nt votre vt leur l Plural mes m tes t ses s nos no vos vo leurs l

Possessive pronouns go before the noun. When a feminine noun begins with a vowel, you must use the masculine form of the pronoun for ease of pronunciation. Ma amie is incorrect and must be mon amie, even though amie is feminine. Remember that adjectives agree with the noun in gender and number, not the possessor! Sa mre can mean his mother or her mother even though sa is the feminine form, because it agrees with mre and not the possessor (his or her). C'est ma mre et mon pre. This is my mother and my father. Ce sont vos petits-enfants ? These are your grandchildren? Mes parents sont divorcs. My parents are divorced. Sa grand-mre est veuve. His grandmother is a widow. Notre frre est mari, mais notre sur est cli ataire. Our brother is married, but our sister is single. Ton oncle est architecte, n'est-ce pas ? Your uncle is an architect, isn't he? Leurs cousines sont nerlandaises. Their cousins are Dutch. Work & School Masculine actor actress singer architect accountant judge business person baker l'acteur le chanteur l'architecte le comptable le juge l'homme d'affaires le boulanger akt t a itkt kta l y m daf ule Le Travail & L'Ecole Feminine l'actrice la chanteuse l'architecte la comptable la juge la femme d'affaires la boulangre aktis t z a itkt kta l y fam daf ul

hair dresser computer programmer secretary electrician mechanic cook salesperson fire fighter plumber librarian police officer reporter blue-collar worker banker lawyer postal worker carpenter engineer doctor nurse pharmacist psychologist dentist veterinarian taxi driver writer teacher (primary school) teacher professor

le coiffeur le programmeur le secrtaire l'lectricien le mcanicien le cuisinier le vendeur le pompier le plombier le bibliothcaire l'agent de police le journaliste l'ouvrier le banquier l'avocat le facteur le charpentier l'ingnieur le mdecin l'infirmier le pharmacien le psychologue le dentiste le vtrinaire le chauffeur de taxi l'crivain l'instituteur le professeur

kwaf pgam sket elktisj mekanisj kizinje vd ppje pl je i lijtek a d plis unalist uvije kje avka fakt aptje enj mds fimje famasj psiklg dtist vetein of d taksi ekiv stityt pfes

la coiffeuse la programmeuse la secrtaire l'lectricienne la mcanicienne la cuisinire la vendeuse la pompier la plombier la bibliothcaire l'agent de police la journaliste l'ouvrire la banquire l'avocate la factrice la charpentire l'ingnieure la mdecin l'infirmire la pharmacienne la psychologue la dentiste la vtrinaire la chauffeur de taxi l'crivaine l'institutrice la professeur

kwafz pgam z sket elktisjn mekanisjn kizinj vd z ppje pl je i lijtek a d plis unalist uvij kj avkat faktis aptj enj mds fimj famasjn psiklg dtist vetein of d taksi ekivn stitytis pfes

student intern retired person

l'tudiant le stagiaire le retrait

etydj staj tete

l'tudiante la stagiaire la retraite

etydjt staj tete

Notice that some professions are always masculine, even if the person is a woman. There are also words that are always feminine (such as la victime) even if the person is a man. School Subjects
Math Algebra Calculus Geometry Business Trade Accounting Economics Foreign Languages Linguistics Literature Philosophy Psychology Political Science History les mathmatiques l'algbre le calcul la gomtrie le commerce la comptabilit les sciences conomiques les langues vivantes la linguistique la littrature la philosophie la psychologie les sciences politiques l'histoire (f) matematik al kalkyl emeti kms kta ilite sj zeknmik lg vivt lgistik liteaty filzfi psikli sjs plitik istwa

Les Matieres
Geography Physics Biology Chemistry Zoology Botany Art Music Dance Drawing Painting Computer Science Technology Physical Education la gographie la physique la biologie la chimie la zoologie la botanique les arts-plastiques la musique la danse le dessin la peinture l'informatique la technologie l'ducation physique (f) egafi fizik jli imi zli tanik a plastik myzik ds des pty fmatik tknli edykasj fizik

Notice that you do not use an indefinite article before professions, unless they are preceded by an adjective. Qu'est-ce que vous faites dans la vie ? What do you do for a living? Je suis avocate. I am a lawyer. (fem.) Je suis professeur. I am a professor. Je suis tudiant. I am a student (masc.)

O est-ce que vous faites vos tudes ? Where do you study? Je vais l'universit de Michigan. I go to the university of Michigan. Je fais mes tudes l'universit de Toronto. I study at the University of Toronto. Qu'est-ce que vous tudiez ? What do you study? Quelles matires tudiez-vous ? What subjects do you study? J'tudie les langues trangres et la linguistique. I study foreign languages and linguistics. Je fais des mathmatiques. I study do math. Ma spcialisation est la biologie. My major is biology. Slang words abbreviations for school: dictionary paper essay college faculty quiz to have detention un dico une disserte la fac une interro tre coll(e) avoir une colle diko dist fak t kle kol student book to work to understand to skip (a class) un potache un bouquin bosser piger scher (un cours) pota uk se pie

Prepositions & Contractions at to in from of about at the house of in for by through in front of behind before after up down on de chez dans en pour par devant derrire avant aprs en haut en bas sur a d e d pu pa dv dj av ap no a sy during since for among between around against toward through across with without inside outside outside of pendant depuis parmi entre autour de contre vers envers travers avec sans dedans l'intrieur dehors l'extrieur hors de en pd dpi pami t otud kt v nv atav avk s dd altej d alkstej d

dehors de over above au-dessus de under below across from near far from sous audessous de en face de prs de loin de odsyd su odsud fasd pd lwd because of according to approximately in spite of as for cause de selon d'aprs environ malgr quant

ndd akozd sl dap vi malge kta

You can also use dessus and dessous as adverbs to mean over it on top of it and beneath it underneath it, respectively. They are not followed by nouns or pronouns, unlike prepositions. Prepositional Contractions + le = au + les = aux de + le = du de + les = des o o dy de at to in the at to in the (pl.) of from about the of from about the (pl.)

Countries and Nationalities / Les pays et les nationalities Africa African Albania Albanian Algeria Algerian America American Argentina Argentine l'Afrique (f) africain/e l'Albanie (f) albanais/e l'Algrie (f) algrien/ne l'Amrique (f) amricain/e l'Argentine (f) argentin/e /afik/ /afik/ /n/ /albani/ /al an/ /z/ /alei/ /alej/ /n/ /ameik/ /ameik/ /n/ /atin/ /at/ /in/ Hebrew (lang.) Italy Italian Japan Japanese Korea Korean Latvia Latvian Lithuania hbreu l'Italie (f) italien/ne le Japon japonais/e la Core coren/ne la Lettonie letton/ne la Lituanie /e / /itali/ /italj/ /n/ /ap/ /apn/ /z/ /ke/ /ke/ /n/ /letni/ /let/ /n/ /litani/

Asia Asian Australia Australian Austria Austrian Belgium Belgian Bosnia Bosnian Brazil Brazilian Bulgaria Bulgarian Cambodia

l'Asie (f) asiatique l'Australie (f) australien/ne l'Autriche (f) autrichien/ne la Belgique belge la Bosnie bosniaque le Brsil brsilien/ne la Bulgarie bulgare le Cambodge

/azi/ /azjatik/ /ostali/ /ostalj/ /n/ /oti / /oti j/ /n/ / lik/ / l/ / sni/ / sniak/ / ezil/ / ezilj/ /n/ / ylgai/ / ylga/ /k d/ /k dj/ /n/ /kanada/ /kanadj/ /n/ / in/ / inwa/ /az/ /kasi/ /kat/ /epy lik t k/ /t k/ /danmak/ /danwa/ /az/ /eipt/

Lithuanian Luxembourg

lituanien/ne le Luxembourg

/litanj/ /n/ /lyks u/ /lyks uwa/ /az/ /masedwan/ /masednj/ /n/ /malt/ /malt/ /z/ /mak/ /mak/ /n/ /pei / /neld/ /z/ / l d/ /z/ /nuvlzeld/ /neozeld/ /z/ /nv/ /nvej/ /n/ /pl / /pln/ /z/ /ptygal/ /ptyg/ /z/ /ke k/ /kebekwa/ /az/ /umani/ /um/ /n/ /ysi/ /ys/ /eks/

Luxembourger luxembourgeois/e Macedonia Macedonian Malta Maltese Morocco Moroccan Netherlands Dutch Dutch (person) New Zealand New Zealander Norway Norwegian Poland Polish Portugal Portuguese Quebec Quebecker Romania Romanian Russia Russian Scotland la Macdoine macdonien/ne Malte (f) maltais/e le Maroc marocain/e les Pays-Bas nerlandais/e hollandais/e la NouvelleZlande no-zlandais/e la Norvge norvgien/ne la Pologne polonais/e le Portugal portugais/e le Qubc qubcois/e la Roumanie roumain/e la Russie russe l'Ecosse

Cambodian cambodgien/ne Canada Canadian China Chinese Croatia Croatian Czech Republic Czech Denmark Danish Egypt le Canada canadien/ne la Chine chinois/e la Croatie croate la Rpublique Tchque tchque le Danemark danois/e l'Egypte (f)

Egyptian England English Estonia Estonian Europe European Finland Finnish France French Germany German Great Britain British Greece Greek Hungary Hungarian Iceland Icelandic India Indian Indonesia

gyptien/e l'Angleterre (f) anglais/e l'Estonie estonien/ne l'Europe (f) europen/ne la Finlande finnois/e la France franais/e l'Allemagne (f) allemand/e la GrandeBretagne britannique la Grce grec / grecque la Hongrie hongrois/e l'Islande islandais/e l'Inde indien/ne l'Indonsie (f)

/eipsj/ /n/ /glt/ /gl/ /z/ /stni/ /stonj/ /n/ / p/ / pe/ /n/ /fld/ /finwa/ /az/ /fs/ /fs/ /z/ /alma / /alm/ /d/ /gd ta / / itanik/ /gs/ /gk/ / gi/ / gwa/ /az/ /isld/ /isld/ /z/ /d/ /dj/ /n/ /dnezi/ /dnezj/ /n/ /ild/ /ild/ /z/ /isael/ /isaelj/ /n/

Scottish Senegal Senegalese Serbia Serbian Slovakia Slovak Slovenia Slovene Spain Spanish Sweden Swedish Switzerland Swiss Taiwan Taiwanese Tunisia Tunisian Turkey Turk Ukraine Ukrainian United Kingdom United States Vietnam Vietnamese Wales Welsh

cossais/e le Sngal sngalais/e la Serbie serbe la Slovaquie slovaque la Slovnie slovne l'Espagne (f) espagnol/e la Sude sudois/e la Suisse suisse Tawan tawanais/e la Tunisie tunisien/ne la Turquie turc / turcque l'Ukraine ukrainien/ne la Royaume-Uni les Etats-Unis le Vietnam vietnamien/ne le Pays-de-Galles gallois/e

/eks/ /z/ /senegal/ /senegal/ /z/ /s i/ /s / /slvaki/ /slvak/ /slveni/ /slvn/ /spa / /spa l/ /sd/ /sedwa/ /az/ /sis/ /sis/ /tajwan/ /tajwan/ /z/ /tynizi/ /tynizj/ /n/ /tyki/ /tyk/ /ykn/ /yknj/ /n/ /wajomyni/ /etazyni/ /vitnam/ /vjtnamj/ /n/ /peidgal/ /galw/ /z/

Indonesian indonsien/ne Ireland Irishman Israel Israeli l'Irlande (f) irlandais/e Isral isralien/ne

The masculine forms of the nationalities are also used for the language. Adjectives of nationalities and languages are not capitalized in written French. The definite article is not used before a language when it follows the verb parler (to speak): Je parle anglais. Notice that French also uses hollandais when referring to Dutch people and sometimes the Dutch language, but this is not exactly correct (just as it is not correct to use Holland when referring to the Netherlands in English). Also notice that you do not use the definite article with Isral or Malte.

Food and Meals / La Nourriture et Les Repas Breakfast Lunch Dinner Cup Slice Bowl Glass Salt and Pepper Fork Spoon Knife Plate Napkin Ice cream Juice Fruit Cheese Chicken Cereal Oil Vinegar Yogurt le petit djeuner le djeuner le dner la tasse la tranche le bol le verre le sel et le poivre la fourchette la cuillre le couteau l'assiette (f) la serviette la glace le jus le fruit le fromage le poulet des crales l'huile (f) le vinaigre le yaourt /pti dene/ Egg /dene/ /dine/ /ts/ /t / / l/ /v/ Cake Pie Milk Coffee Butter Water l'uf (m) le gteau la tarte le lait le caf le beurre l'eau (f) le jambon le poisson le th la salade la confiture la viande les frites (f) la bire le vin le sucre le potage le ketchup la moutarde des ptes /f/ /gto/ /tat/ /l/ /kafe/ / / /o/ / / /pwas/ /te/ /salad/ /kfity/ /vjd/ /fit/ / j/ /v/ /syk/ /pta/ /kt p/ /mutad/ /pt/

/sl/ /pwav/ Ham /fu t/ /kij/ /kuto/ /asjt/ /svjt/ /glas/ /y/ /fi/ /fma/ /pul/ /seeal/ /il/ /ving/ /jaut/ Fish Tea Salad Jam Meat French fries Beer Wine Sugar Soup Ketchup Mustard Mayonnaise Pasta

la mayonnaise /majnz/

In France, it is common to use djeuner to mean to have breakfast as well as to have lunch. In Canada, Belgium, and Switzerland, the meals are le djeuner, le dner, and le souper. The plural of un uf is des ufs, but fs is not pronounced: /f/ vs. / /. Food is generally divided into two categories: sucr (sweet/sugary) and sal (savoury/salty). Le pain /p/ is the general word for bread; if you want to specify white bread, use le pain de mie /p d mi/ . ecause the French eat dinner so late in the evening (8 pm), young children have l'heure de goter (snack time) after school. Le yaourt refers to fruit yogurts and sweet puddings and they are eaten as desserts in France. La glace is also a common dessert, and you can find several parfums /paf/ (flavors). The word for scoops (of ice cream) is boules /bul/. Many restaurants now offer take out food options, which is called emporter (to take away). The opposite is sur place. Fruits, Vegetables and Meat fruit apple apricot banana blueberry cherry coconut date fig grape grapefruit lemon lime melon olive orange peach pear pineapple plum prune raisin un fruit une pomme un abricot une banane une myrtille une cerise une datte une figue un raisin un pamplemousse un citron un citron vert un melon une olive une orange une pche une poire un ananas une prune un pruneau un raisin sec /fi/ /pm/ /a iko/ /banan/ /mitij/ /siz/ /dat/ /fig/ /z/ /pplmus/ /sit/ /sit v/ /ml/ /liv/ // /p / /pwa/ /ananas/ /pyn/ /pyno/ /z sk/ corn cucumber eggplant lettuce mushroom onion peas pepper potato pumpkin rice spinach squash tomato turnip zucchini meat bacon beef chicken duck goat le mas un concombre une aubergine la laitue un champignon un oignon les pois un piment une pomme de terre une citrouille le riz des pinards une courge une tomate un navet des courgettes la viande du lard, du bacon le buf le poulet le canard la chvre /mais/ /kk / /o in/ /lty/ / pi / / / /pwa/ /pim/ /pmdt/ /situj/ /i/ /epina/ /ku/ /tmat/ /nav/ /kut/ /vjd/ /la/ / ekn/ / f/ /pul/ /kana/ / v/

une noix de coco /nwadkoko/

raspberry strawberry watermelon vegetable artichoke asparagus beet broccoli cabbage carrot cauliflower celery

une framboise une fraise une pastque un lgume un artichaut des asperges une betterave le brocoli un chou une carotte un chou-fleur un cleri

/f waz/ /fz/ /pastk/ /legym/ /ati o/ /asp/ / tav/ / kli/ / u/ /kat/ / ufl/ /sli/

ham lamb liver meatballs pork chop rabbit hamburger sausage dried sausage turkey veal venison

le jambon l'agneau (m) le foie des boulettes de viande une ctelette de porc le lapin le steak hach la saucisse le saucisson la dinde le veau le chevreuil

/ / /a o/ /fwa/ / ultdvjd/ /kotltdp/ /lap/ /stka e/ /sosis/ /sosis/ /dd/ /vo/ / vj/

Useful Words les mots utiles It's That's c'est s There is are There is are Here is are And Always But Often Now Sometimes Especially Usually Except Also, too Of course Again So so Late Not bad Almost Book Friend (fem) Pencil Friend (masc) Pen Woman Paper Man Dog C'est Il y a Voil Voici Et Toujours Mais Souvent Maintenant Quelquefois Surtout D'habitude Sauf Aussi Bien sr Encore Comme ci, comme a En retard Pas mal Presque Le livre Une amie Le crayon Un ami Le stylo Une femme Le papier Un homme Le chien s il i a vwala vwasi e tuu m suv mtn klkfwa sytu dabityd sof osi bj sy ank Komci kom ca ta pa mal psk l liv y nami l kj nami l stilo yn fam papje nm l shie