Human rights Human Rights are commonly understood as "inalienable fundamental rights to which a person is inherently entitled simply

because she or he is a human being. Human rights are thus conceived as universal (applicable everywhere) and egalitarian (the same for everyone). Many of the basic ideas that animated the movement developed in the aftermath of the Second World War and the atrocities of The Holocaust, culminating in the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Paris by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948. The provisions of the United Nations Charter provided a basis for the development of international human rights protection. The preamble of the charter provides that the members "reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the equal rights of men and women" and Article 1(3) of the United Nations charter states that one of the purposes of the UN is: "to achieve international cooperation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian character, and in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion" The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948, partly in response to the atrocities of World War II and it is a non-binding resolution.

The UDHR urges member nations to promote a number of human, civil, economic and social rights, asserting these rights as part of the "foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world." Droits de lhomme Les droits de lhomme menent a la libert, justice et la paix dans le monde via deux parties integrals qui sont: i. ii. La dignit propre et Les droits gaux

La declaration universelle des droits de lhomme reconnait ses faits a travers 30 articles qui ne peuvent etres soustraits en aucun cas. Il est aussi not que les droits humains sont universelles, indivisibles et inalienable. Droits Egaux LEqual Opportunities Commission existe pour donner une chance gale a tous le monde et surtout aux employs victims de discriminations ou autres formes dinjustices que ce soit dans le secteur priv ou publique. Pour qualifier linjustice ou la discrimination, cette organization utilize 12 criteres qui sont: 1. Caste 2. Political opinion 3. Age 4. Creed 5. Place of origin 6. Colour 7. Sex 8. Impairment 9. Sexual orientation 10. Race
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11. Marital Status 12. Origine ethnique The Ombudsman (Le Mdiateur) Le Mdiateur est la pour traiter des cas de complaintes non-considres ou non-traites par les autorits. Il peut xiger les autorits dagir dune certain facon ou de prendre des measures appropris pour remdier a une situation de discrimination, dinjustice, de fraude ou de corruption. On connait aussi lOmbudsman of the child, qui traite des cas dinjustice infantiles. Lhistoire des Droits Humains Au commencement, le roi et la famille royale (5% de la population) tait lautorit supreme, suivi des nobles (5% de la population) qui avaient acces a leducation et aussi au droit de cuissage. La partie restante (90%) constituait du people. Une telle socit xistait due au manqu deducation et de force ou de pouvoir. Puis en lan 1789 vint la Rvolution Francaise ou le people va rvolter contre ce type de socit hirarchique, qui fut abolit en 1791, suivi de la toute premiere loi connu comme la Dclaration des droits de lhomme et du citoyen. Au 18eme sicle, la dmocratie fut tablie, pemettant au peuple davoir librement acces a lducation. Au 19eme sicle, LONU (regroupant 215 tats) fut tablie et le 19eme sicle marque aussi la fin de la guerre mondiale. LONU vise a satisfaire 3 objectifs principaux, qui sont: 1. Sauver les generations futures des calamites de la guerre 2. Promouvoir le progress sociale et 3. Raffirmer la foi en les droits humains fondamentaux.
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Sparation des pouvoirs La sparation des pouvoirs est un principe de rpartition des diffrentes fonctions de l'tat, qui sont confies diffrentes composantes de ce dernier. L'objet de cette sparation est d'avoir des institutions tatiques qui respectent au mieux les liberts fondamentales des individus. La separation se fait en trois parties:

le pouvoir lgislatif, confi un Parlement (ou Lgislateur), savoir, l'Assemble Nationale;

le pouvoir excutif, confi un gouvernement compos d'un Premier ministre et des ministres, la tte duquel se trouve un chef d'tat et/ou de gouvernement ;

le pouvoir judiciaire: d'une part l'ordre judiciaire, charg de trancher les litiges entre particuliers, d'autre part l'ordre administratif, comptent pour trancher les litiges opposant l'Administration et les particuliers.

Impressions of the Parliament The National Assembly is Mauritius's unicameral parliament, which was called the Legislative Assembly until 1992, when the country became a republic. It consists of 70 members, 62 elected for four-year terms in multi-member constituencies and 8 additional members, known as "best losers", appointed by the Supreme Court to ensure that ethnic and religious minorities are equitably represented. It is situated in Port Louis and looks very large and spacious when seen from the outside. Its entrance is also guarded by police officers and it is impossible to get access to the National Assembly Room without clearance from the sentry officers and without passing through several control points including the metal detector as well as weapon detector. The National Assembly Room is much smaller than as seen on television in the news and the interior is well furnished with modern audio and microphone equipments, allowing only those whom the speaker grants permission to speak to make their voice heard loudly to all the ministers. The members of the government are situated on the right while the opposition members are situated on the left of the speaker. The speaker has control over the whole procedure although it seems that the situation may spin out of control when there are disputes. The session often gets loud with all kinds of remarks and provocative languages being used including foul languages. However, the afternoon session was very interesting as it was much more active than the morning session as some members of the opposition as well as the leader himself did not hesitate to challenge the Speaker several times. There was a lack of punctuality
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however as the session started 20 minutes late and attendance was at about 60%. Lots of things can be learnt such as the fact that ministers fail to answer queries from the opposition members due to the fact that they are not aware at all of relevant events and also such as the fact that they often rely on old and outdated reports and surveys to draw their conclusions (maybe 10 years old).