Code No: RR312405 Set No.

1
III B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, November 2007
THERMAL ENGINEERING-II
(Automobile Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) Explain with the help of neat diagrams a Regenerative cycle. Derive also an
expression for its thermal efficiency.
(b) In a regenerative cycle the inlet conditions are 40 bar and 4000 C. Steam is
bled at 10 bar in regenerative heating. The exit pressure is 0.8 bar. Neglecting
pump work, determine the efficiency of the cycle. [6+10]

2. (a) How are the steam boilers classified?

(b) Sketch and describe the working of Lancashire boiler. [8+8]

3. (a) Explain the terms“over expanding” and “under expanding” as applied to a

fluid flow through a nozzle.
(b) Describe the changes which occur in a convergent divergent nozzle as the back
pressure is slowly increased from the design pressure up to the pressure at
entry. [8+8]

4. (a) Derive the equations for the estimation of vacuum efficiency and condenser
efficiency.
(b) Find the weight of cooling water required in the surface condenser of 3000 kW
steam power plant with the following data
Steam used = 10 kg/kWhr; Exhaust steam condition = 0.9 dry; pressure in
the condenser = 0.1 bar; Hot well temperature = 32 0 C; cooling water inlet
temperature = 25 0 C; cooling water outlet temperature = 32 0 C; temperature
of steam at entrance = 40 0 C. And also calculate the vacuum efficiency. [8+8]

5. (a) What are the various losses generally occur in a steam turbine?
(b) The outlet area of a nozzle in a simple impulse turbine is 15 cm2 and steam
leaves the nozzle at 1.4 bar, 0.9 dry and with a velocity 650 m/s. The nozzles
are inclined at 200 to the plane of the wheel, the blade speed is 250 m/s, the
blade exit angle is 300 and the blade velocity coefficient is 0.8. Estimate the
power developed and steam consumption per kilowatt - hour. [6+10]

6. In a Parson’s reaction turbine of 50% degree of reaction running at 25 r p s the

available enthalpy drop for an expansion is 62.8 kJ/kg. If the mean diameter of the
rotor is 1 m, find the number of rows of moving blades required. The outlet blade
angle is 200 and speed ratio is 0.7. Assume that the stage efficiency is 80%. [16]

7. (a) What are essential components required for the operation of gas turbine cycle
and explain their functionality.

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Code No: RR312405 Set No. 1
(b) What are the advantages and limitations of gas turbine power generation units
in comparison with other power generating units. [8+8]

8. A turbojet engine is being used to propel an aeroplane with the drag of 3900 N and
the coefficient of drag is 0.01835. The wing area is 21.25 m2 , the air consumption
per second of the engine is 14.5 kg/s and thrust developed is 8900 N. Calculate the
flight velocity and effective jet velocity and also specific thrust. [16]

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Code No: RR312405 Set No. 2
III B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, November 2007
THERMAL ENGINEERING-II
(Automobile Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Describe the different processes of Rankine cycle. Derive the expression for
its efficiency and show them on P-V and T-S diagrams..
(b) A simple Rankine cycle works between pressure of 30 bar and 0.04 bar, the
initial condition of steam being dry saturated, calculate the cycle efficiency,
work ratio and specific steam consumption. [8+8]

2. (a) Enumerate the various accessories normally used in a steam generating plant
(b) A boiler with super heater generates 6000 kg/hr of steam at 15 bar and 0.8
dryness. The boiler exit temperature is 300 0 C. The feed water temperature
is 80 0 C. The overall efficiency of the plant is 85%. Determine the consump-
tion rate, assuming a calorific value of 30000 kJ/kg. Also find the equivalent
evaporation from and at 100 0 C. What will be the area of super heater surface
if the overall heat transfer coefficient is 4,50,000 kJ/m2 -hr? [4+12]

3. (a) Derive expression for mass of steam discharged through steam nozzle.
(b) At one stage of a steam turbine, the nozzles expand 9 kg of steam per second
from a pressure of 15 bar and 250 0 C to 6 bar. The actual heat drop in the
nozzle is 175 kJ. Calculate the number of nozzles required for a given outlet
area for each nozzle approximately 3.5 sq.cm. and adjust the outlet dimensions
to suit this number. [6+10]

4. (a) What are the functions of condensers in a steam power plant? Explain with
a simple diagram.
(b) A surface condenser is designed to handle 10,000 kg of steam per hr. The steam
enters at 0.08 bar and 0.9 dry and the condensate leaves at the corresponding
saturation temperature. The pressure is constant throughout the condenser.
Estimate cooling water flow rate per hr, if the cooling water temperature rise
is limited to 10 0 C. [8+8]

5. The rotational speed of an impulse steam turbine wheel is 3000 rpm. The nozzle is
inclined at 200 to the plane of the wheel and its efficiency is 0.885. The isentropic
heat drop for the stage is 160 kJ/kg. If the ratio of blade speed to steam speed is
0.4, the blade velocity coefficient is 0.82 and the blade efficiency is 0.76, find

(a) the mean blade ring diameter

(b) the residual energy of steam at outlet in kJ/kg of steam and
(c) the power developed by the wheel when the steam flow is 15 kg/s. [16]

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Code No: RR312405 Set No. 2
6. (a) Explain the functionality of reaction steam turbine with suitable diagram.
And how it is different from the impulse turbine?
(b) What are different losses that are occurring in reaction turbine? Explain with
preventive measures. [8+8]

7. A gas turbine cycle has a perfect heat exchanger in which air enters the compressor
at a temperature and pressure of 300 K and 1 bar and discharges at 475 K and
5 bar. After passing through the heat exchanger the air temperature increases to
655 K. The temperature of air entering and leaving the turbine 870 0 C and 450 0 C.
Assuming no pressure drop through the heat exchanger, the compute the output
per kg of air, the efficiency of the cycle and the work output to drive the compressor.
[16]

8. (a) What is meant by thrust? Derive its equation of turboprop engine from the
first principles.
(b) Explain the advantages and disadvantages of bipropellants used in rocket en-
gines over monopropellants. [8+8]

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Code No: RR312405 Set No. 3
III B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, November 2007
THERMAL ENGINEERING-II
(Automobile Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Explain with the help of neat diagrams a Regenerative cycle. Derive also an
expression for its thermal efficiency.
(b) In a regenerative cycle the inlet conditions are 40 bar and 4000 C. Steam is
bled at 10 bar in regenerative heating. The exit pressure is 0.8 bar. Neglecting
pump work, determine the efficiency of the cycle. [6+10]

2. In a boiler trail of one hour duration the following observations were made: Steam
generated = 5250 kg, coal burnt = 695 kg, calorific value of coal = 30200 kJ/kg,
dryness fraction of steam = 0.94, rated pressure of the boiler = 12 bar, temperature
of steam leaving the super heater = 240 0 C, temperature of hot well = 470 C.
Calculate

(a) Equivalent evaporation per kg of fuel without super heater

(b) Equivalent evaporation per kg of fuel with super heater
(c) thermal efficiency of the boiler without super heater
(d) thermal efficiency of the boiler with super heater
(e) heat supplied by the super heater per hour.
Take Cp of steam as 2.184 kJ/kg K. [16]

3. (a) Derive the expression relating the critical pressure ratio to the index of ex-
pansion n, for expansion in a nozzle.
(b) Find the maximum discharge and exit diameter of a convergent-divergent noz-
zle which receives dry and saturated steam at 15 bar and discharges to an
impulse turbine at 0.3 bar. Neglect friction and take throat diameter equal to
8 mm. [8+8]

4. (a) Derive the equations for the estimation of vacuum efficiency and condenser
efficiency.
(b) Find the weight of cooling water required in the surface condenser of 3000 kW
steam power plant with the following data
Steam used = 10 kg/kWhr; Exhaust steam condition = 0.9 dry; pressure in
the condenser = 0.1 bar; Hot well temperature = 32 0 C; cooling water inlet
temperature = 25 0 C; cooling water outlet temperature = 32 0 C; temperature
of steam at entrance = 40 0 C. And also calculate the vacuum efficiency. [8+8]

5. What is compounding? Describe various ways of compounding impulse turbines

and give their merits and demerits. [16]

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Code No: RR312405 Set No. 3
6. (a) Explain the functionality of reaction steam turbine with suitable diagram.
And how it is different from the impulse turbine?
(b) What are different losses that are occurring in reaction turbine? Explain with
preventive measures. [8+8]

7. (a) What are different parameters influence the performance of gas turbine cycle.
Explain.
(b) In a gas turbine power cycle, the pressure ratio is 6 and the maximum cycle
temperature is 650 0 C. The air enters to the cylinder at 15 0 C and the flow
rate of air is 12 kg/s. Determine the power developed and thermal efficiency
of cycle. [8+8]

8. (a) What is meant by jet propulsions? What are the basic differences between jet
propulsion cycles and shaft power cycles.
(b) Draw the typical layout of gas pressurization system and explain its working
principle. Compare with the pump pressurization system. [8+8]

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Code No: RR312405 Set No. 4
III B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, November 2007
THERMAL ENGINEERING-II
(Automobile Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Explain with the help of neat diagrams a Regenerative cycle. Derive also an
expression for its thermal efficiency.
(b) In a regenerative cycle the inlet conditions are 40 bar and 4000 C. Steam is
bled at 10 bar in regenerative heating. The exit pressure is 0.8 bar. Neglecting
pump work, determine the efficiency of the cycle. [6+10]

2. (a) What is a steam trap? Explain expansion type of steam trap with a neat
sketch.
(b) What is the function of a steam separator? Discuss with a neat sketch any
one type of steam separators. [8+8]

3. (a) Explain what is meant by critical pressure ratio of a nozzle.

(b) Steam is supplied to a nozzle at 13 bar, 0.9 dryness fraction and expands to
1.4 bar. The velocity at throat pressure of 8 bar is 3% less than the theoretical
value and complete expansion takes place with an efficiency ratio of 0.9. If
the throat section of each nozzle is to be about 1 sq.cm., determine suitable
number of nozzles and specify the proper throat and outlet areas. The steam
discharge through the nozzle is at the rate of 5 kg/s. [4+12]

4. (a) Draw the schematic diagram of low level counter flow jet condenser and explain
its working principle.
(b) What are the advantages and limitations of surface condensers over jet con-
densers? [8+8]

5. (a) What are the advantages of steam turbines over reciprocating steam engines?
(b) In a single row wheel impulse turbine the mean diameter of the blade is 1m.
It runs at 3000 rpm. The steam issues from the nozzle at a velocity of 350
m/s and the nozzle angle is 200 . The rotor blades are equiangular. The blade
friction factor is 0.86. Determine the power developed if the axial thrust on
the end bearing of a rotor is 118 N. [6+10]

6. At a certain pair of a reaction turbine, the steam leaves the fixed blade at a pressure
of 3 bar with a dryness fraction of 0.98 and a velocity of 130 m/s. The blades are 20
mm high and discharge angle for both the rings are 200 . The ratio of axial velocity
of flow to the blade velocity is 0.7 at inlet and 0.76 at the exit from the moving
blade. If the turbine uses 4 kg of steam per second with 5% tip leakage, find the
mean blade diameter and the power developed. [16]

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Code No: RR312405 Set No. 4
7. (a) What are different assumptions made in evaluation of thermal efficiency of
Brayton cycle and derive thermal efficiency equation.
(b) A gas turbine plant is supplied with air at a pressure of 1 bar and 300 K. The
air is then compressed to a pressure of 5 bar and then heated to 8500 C in the
combustion chamber. Calculate the thermal efficiency of the cycle. [8+8]

8. A turbojet engine is traveling at 920 km/h at standard sea level conditions. The
ram efficiency is 0.87 and compression ratio is 4.3, the compressor efficiency is 0.82
and the burner pressure loss is 2%. The air fuel ratio is 0.0119, the turbine inlet
temperature is 950 K, the turbine efficiency is 0.83 and equivalent nozzle efficiency
is 0.96. Calculate

(a) the specific gross thrust and

(b) the thrust specific fuel consumption. [16]

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