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Contents
1. Scope --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2/10
2. References --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2/10
3. Terminology --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2/10
4. Calibration Item -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2/10
5. Preparation ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2/10
6. Calibration ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3/10
7. Uncertainty Evaluation -------------------------------------------------------------------- 5/10
8 Records ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7/10
9.Calibration Certificate ------------------------------------------------------------------ 7/10

AMENDMENT RECORD
Amended
Item (or
Section)
Version Date Contents
1(E) 2001/6/15 English version of C-09-1-0022-2000
Drafted by Reviewed by Authorized by
Woo, Sam-Yong
-
-
-
Han, Seung-Woong
Chung, Kwang-Hwa
Director
Division of Physical Metrology


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1. Scope
This procedure describes the calibration and uncertainty evaluation method of pressure
balances used for the calibration of various kinds of pressure gauges. This procedure
includes for the calibration of oil pressure balances in gauge mode.

2. References
Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement, ISO(1993).
Heydemann and Welch, Experimental Thermodynamics, Vol.2, ch.4, Butterworth,
London(1975)
Deadweight Pressure Gauges, NCSL RISP-4(1998)
Pressure Balance, OIML R 110(1994)
Recommended procedure for the calculation and expression of pressure balance
measurement uncertainties, NPL Report MOM 122
Recommended contents for pressure balance calibration certificates, NPL Report MOM 123

3. Terminology
Pressure balance : generally consists of following main parts:
a) piston-cylinder assembly with weight carrier
b) set of weights
c) pressure fitting for connecting another pressure gauge.

4. Calibration Item
Pressure

5. Preparation
5.1 Cleaning
Oil pressure balance will usually operate satisfactorily under most conditions, but damage
can result if particles of dirt become lodged between the piston and cylinder. Oil pressure
balance should be cleaned with solvents whenever a change is made from oil to another.
To obtain the highest performance one method is simply to use neutral soap and warm
water. The piston and cylinder should be scrubbed thoroughly, rinsed with warm water, air
blasted to remove the water droplets and finally polished with lens tissue. Before assembling
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the piston and cylinder clean nitrogen is used to remove lint particles. To evaporate water
rapidly, vacuum pump can be used.
5.2 Installation
Pressure balance should be placed on a table that is strong enough not to tilt under a
varying load. Table tops should be non-magnetic.
When connections are made, care should be taken to install the properly rated tubing,
fittings, valves, etc. Plumbing material should be chosen to be fully compatible with
pressure fluid and be cleaned to remove particles.
Lines are kept short and internal diameters should be as large as is practicable.
Leak check should be done at maximum pressure.
Leave the gages for several hours until temperature equilibrium reaches.

6. Calibration
6.1 Cross-float calibration technique
Both pressure balances are connected to a common pressure line along with an appropriate
pressure generator. The effective area of the test gauge is
P F A
e
/ = (1)
where p is the pressure generated at the reference level of the test gauge by the standard gauge
and F is the force exerted on the piston of the test gauge which is
) )( ( 1
)] / ( 1 [
r c p
m a i
T T
C g M
F
+ +
+
=

o o

(2)
where
i
M are the masses of the piston, weight hanger and weights corresponding to P,
a
is the density of the ambient air,
m
is the density of the material from which the weights are made,
g is the local acceleration due to gravity,
is the surface tension of the pressurizing fluid,
C is the circumference of the piston in the test gauge,
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c p
o o , are the linear thermal expansion coefficients of the piston and cylinder.
For simplicity, the temperature correction of the area has been included with the force. The two
gauges are brought into pressure equilibrium by adjusting F and then Ae is calculated by
equation (1). Values of Ae are determined over the entire operating pressure range of the test
gauge. The effective area at atmospheric pressure, Ao, and the coefficient can be obtained by
fitting
) 1 ( p A A
o e
+ = (3)
to the Ae(p) data obtained from the cross-float measurements.

6.2 Experimental Arrangement
Measure the reference level difference of standard and DUT.
Set up the weights corresponding to the measuring pressure respectively.
Both pistons are raised above their operating level with the help of the screw
After closing the isolating valve which is placed between two pressure balances, measure the
fall rates of both pistons using x-t recorder.
Open the isolating valve.
Add or remove small mass onto the piston to make balance state. At this state both pistons
must have the same natural fall rate as .
When balance is attained, the applied loads and the piston temperatures are recorded.
Repeat the procedures from to at next pressure point. The time interval between two
successive loadings shall be as uniform as possible, and no reading shall be taken at least 15
min after the start of the pressure change.

6.3 Data evaluation
Calibration curve of pressure balance is calculated from the following equation (3). At low pressures, the
pressure coefficient is usually insignificant. The computer program used for these
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calculations provides pressure coefficients and standard deviation of residuals. A plot of the
effective area as a function of pressure will show which equation is appropriate.
1) The pressure p at the reference level of the test gauge is determined by the KRISS standard
pressure gauge. The temperature corrected force F on the test gauge are calculated using the
expression
) )( ( 1
)] / ( 1 [
r c p
m a
T T
C g M
F
+ +
+
=

o o

(4)
2) The area of the test gauge at each pressure is calculated using the expression P F A
e
/ =
3) To obtain an expression for calculating the area at any pressure, the P and
e
A data have been
fitted to the following equations
P A F
0
= (5)
P P A F ) 1 (
0
+ = (6)
0
A is the extrapolated area at zero applied pressure and reference temperature, is the linear
pressure coefficients for the area.

7. Uncertainty evaluation
7.1 Type A uncertainty,
A
u
A graph is plotted of the effective area against pressure. It is often sufficient to use the method
of Gauss to fit a straight line to the results: the gradient gives the distortion coefficient and the
intercept with the abscissa gives the effective area extrapolated to zero applied pressure. The
method gives the experimental standard deviation of the estimated mean value of
e
A (i.e. at the
centroid) and the experimental standard deviation of the gradient. The uncertainty of
e
A is a
minimum at the centroid and increases as one moves to higher or to lower pressures.

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7.2 Type B uncertainty
1) Relative uncertainty in downward force acting on p/c of test gauge is given by

2
)
1
(
i
i
t
t
Ft
dx
x
F
F
u
c
c
=

(7)
where
i
x is the influence quantity.

i
x Value
i
t
t
x
F
F c
c 1

Value
i
dx
(1o )
2
)
1
(
i
i
t
t
dx
x
F
F c
c

m m / 1
g 1/g
a

m
/ 1
m

2
m
a

gm C /

C
gm /

c p
o o +
r
t t
r
t t
c p
o o +
u u tan
Total


2) Relative uncertainty in downward force acting on p/c of standard gauge is given by

2
)
1
(
i
i
s
s
Fs
dx
x
F
F
u
c
c
=

(8)
i
x Value
i
t
t
x
F
F c
c 1

Value
i
dx
(1o )
2
)
1
(
i
i
t
t
dx
x
F
F c
c

m m / 1
g 1/g
a

m
/ 1
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m

2
m
a

gm C /

C
gm /

c p
o o +
r
t t
r
t t
c p
o o +
u u tan
h
m A
a f
/ ) (
0

f
m h A /
0

Total


3) Relative uncertainty of effective area of standard gauge,
As
u

2
)
1
(
i
i
s
s
As
dx
x
A
A
u
c
c
=

(9)
i
x Value
i
s
s
x
A
A c
c 1

Value
i
dx
(1o )
2
)
1
(
i
i
s
s
dx
x
A
A c
c

0
A
0
/ 1 A
1

0
/ A F
s

Total


7.3 Relative combined uncertainty,
c
u

2 2 2 2
As Fs Ft A c
u u u u u + + + = (10)
7.4 Expanded relative uncertainty, U

c
u k U = (11)

8. Records
Completely fill out the Data Record Format without any vacancies in the attached sample.
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9. Calibration Certificate and Calibration Results
See the attached samples.
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Data Record Format
Requested by
Measurement No. Date
Ref. Level Ht differ.
STD PG Base Unit Test PG Base Unit
STD PG P/C No. Test PG P/C No.
STD PG Mass No. Test PG Mass No.
Room Atmosphere Weight combinations P/C Temp. Press.
T(C) P(hPa) RH(%
)
STD TEST
No.
(Unit)
Time


Mass #
EA
Add
(g)
Mass #
EA
Add
(g)
STD TEST
Remar
k

1





2







3





4





5





6





7





8





9





10





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Certificate of Calibration
(1) Page of (2) Pages

Applicant
O O O

Certificate No.
01-03589-001

Description
Oil deadweight tester ()

Calibration Item

Manufacturer & Model
OOO

Serial No.
7384

Date of receipt
2001.03.13


Date of cal.
2001.04. 02

Calibration Site




Environment

Temperature
(23 1)

Relative Humidity
55 %

Cal.ibration Method
(KRISS C-09-004 )
Calibration procedure of oil pressure balance (KRISS C-09-004)


Calibration
Traceability
.
The above test gauge was calibrated by the following standard gauge.
* :
Standard gauge : Oil Pressure Balance
(Ruska, Model No. : 2450-601-14900, Ser. No. : 25616)
* :
Uncertainty of standard gauge : See attached sheet

- (Recommended Next Calibration Date): 2003.04.02
( )


Calibration Results

See attached sheet

Uncertainty

See attached sheet

Calibrated by

(042) 868-5119, Kim, Boo-Shik
13
. (We certify that this certificate is based on the calibration by the measurement standards traceable to the national measurement standards
being held and operated by the Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science in accordance with the provision of Article 13 of the Framework
Act on the National Standards.)

2001 04 03
(Approved by) ; () Principal Researcher , 000 ,


National Metrology Institute


Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science Seal of the President
1, Tel: 042) 868-5403, Fax: 042)868-5555
() , .
P-22-01(A)/03 01.3.
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CALIBRATION RESULTS
=====================
Cal. No. :01-01664-002 (2) Page of (2) Pages

SUBMITTED BY : OOO Co.
DATE : 2001. 1.04
MAKER : NAGANO
MODEL NO. : NONE
SERIAL NO. : 1516
PISTON NO. : NONE
CYLINDER NO. : NONE
UNIT : kgf/cm2

* EFFECTIVE AREA OF PISTON/CYLINDER
A0(23;atm) = 4.999221D-05 m^2
* PRESSURE DISTORTION COEFF. = 6.187D-11 /Pa
= 6.067D-06 /kgf/cm2
* STANDARD UNCERTAINTY OF THE EFFECTIVE AREA = 2.2 D-09 m^2

* EXPANDED UNCERTAINTY = 0.0088% OF READING
1.THIS UNCERTAINTY IS CALCULATED FROM THE RSS OF THE
A-TYPE UNCERTAINTY OF EFFECTIVE AREAS OF THE TEST
PISTON GAUGE AND B-TYPE UNCERTAINTIES OF FORCES ACTING
ON STANDARD & TEST PISTON GAUGE AND B-TYPE UNCERTAINTY
OF EFFECTIVE AREAS OF STANDARD PISTON GAUGE.
2.COMBINED STANDARD UNCERTAINTY : 0.0044% AT MAX.P
3.CONFIDENCE LEVEL = 95 %
4.COVERAGE FACTOR = 2
5.UNCERTAINTY OF STANDARD GAUGE: 0.0061% OF READING
(COVERAGE FACTOR k=2, 95% CONF. LEVEL)

Note) The long term stability of test gauge is not included in the above uncertainties.
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