Rr310101 Concrete Technology and Prestressed Concrete

Code No: RR310101 Set No.
1
III B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, November 2007
CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY AND PRESTRESSED CONCRETE
(Civil Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) Enummerate the different types of cements.

(b) Explain the properties of following cements.
i. Rapid hardening cement
ii. Quick setting cement
iii. Sulphate resisting cement [4+4+4+4]
2. (a) What is Vee-Bee time? How do you measure Vee-Bee time of fresh concrete.
(b) What is the significance of percentage flow of concrete? How do you measure
the flow percent of fresh concrete. [8+8]
3. (a) What is shrinkage of concrete?

(b) Explain various factors affecting shrinkage of concrete.
(c) Describe the laboratory test for measurement of Drying shrinkage of Concrete.
[4+4+8]
4. Design a M20 concrete Mix using IS method of Mix design. Use following data.
(a) Maximum size of Aggregate - 20mm (Angular)

(b) Degree of workability - 0.90 compaction factor
(c) Quality Control - good
(d) Type of Exposure - mild
(e) Specific gravity
i. Cement -3.10
ii. Sand -2.60
iii. Coarse aggregate - 2.62
(f) Water absorption:
i. coarse aggregate-0.60%
ii. fine aggregate - 1.50%
(g) Free surface moisture:
i. coarse aggregate -NIL
ii. fine aggregate -2.5%
(h) Sand conforms to zone III grading.
Assume any other Data required suitably. [16]
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Code No: RR310101 Set No. 1
5. (a) What are general principles of prestressing.
(b) Explain in detail about pretressing and post tensioning. [8+8]
6. (a) A prestressed concrete beam 120mm and 320mm deep is prestressed by a

straight wire carrying an initial force of 180 kN at an eccentricity of 55mm.
The modulus of elasticity of steel and concrete are 205kN/mm2 and 36kN/mm2
respectively. Estimate the percentage loss of stress due to elastic deformation
of concrete if the area of steel wires is 200mm2 . Derive the formula involved.
(b) A concrete beam is prestressed by a cable carrying an initial prestressing
force of 325kN. The cross sectional area of wires is 300mm2 . Calculate the
percentage loss of stress in the cable only due to shrinkage of concrete using
IS 1343 recommendations, assuming the beam to be:
i. Pretensioned
ii. Posttensioned. [8+8]
7. Design a prestressed concrete beam to the following requirements:
(a) Span : 15 m
(b) Superimposed load : 34 KN/m
(c) Cube strength of concrete at 28 days : 35N/mm2
(d) Safe stress in concrete at transfer of prestress fs : 0.5f ck
(e) Safe stress in concrete due to final prestress fc : 0.4 fck
(f) Total loss of prestress : 20%
√
(g) Allowable tensile stress in concrete : 0.129 fck
(h) Ultimate stress in steel: 1500N/mm2
(i) Safe stress in steel : 60 % ultimate stress [16]
8. A P.S.C beam ( 150 x 300mm) is prestressed by a parabolic tendon having an

eccentricity of 100mm at mid span and zero at ends. It carries a live load of 2 k/m
over a span of 8m. Determine the effective force in the tendon to balance the dead
and live loads on the beam. Estimate the principal stresses at the supports. Take
density of material = 24KN/m3 . [16]
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(Civil Engineering)
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1. What are Bouges compounds? Explain in detail how each one of these compounds
influence the strength & setting properties of cement. [6+10]
2. (a) How do you classify aggregates based on the shape of the particle.
(b) What is Angularity index? How is it calculated? What is its importance?
[8+8]
3. (a) State Abram’s W/C ratio law and explain the same. How do Feret improve
Abram’s law.
(b) Define the term Gel/space ratio and explain its relation with strength of con-
crete. [8+8]
4. Explain in detail the various steps involved in Designing concrete mixes by Ameri-
can Concrete Institute Method. [16]
5. Write a note on the historical development of prestressed concrete. [16]
6. A post-tensioned concrete beam 110mm wide and 320mm deep spanning over 10m
is stressed by successive tensioning and anchoring of 3 cables 1, 2, and 3 respec-
tively. The cross sectional area of each is220mm2 and initial stress in each cable
is 1100N/mm2 . Take modular ratio = 6. The cable profiles are as shown in fig6.
estimate the percentage loss of stress in each of the cables if they are successively
tensioned and anchored. Derive the expression involved.
Figure 6
[16]
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7. A prestressed concrete beam 200 mm wide and 300 mm deep is used an effective
span of 5m to support an imposed load of 5kN/m. The density of concrete is
24kN/m3 . At the quarter span section of the beam, find the magnitude of
(a) The concentric prestressing force necessary for zero fibre stress at the soffit
when the beam is fully loaded and
(b) The eccentric prestressing force located 100 mm from the bottom of the beam,
which would modify the bottom fibre stress due to loading. [8+8]
8. A P.S.C beam ( 150mm x 300m) is axially prestressed by an effective prestress of

190kN. It carries an external live load of 4kN/m over a span of 10m. Compare prin-
cipal tension developed in the beam with and without axial prestress (ρ= 24kN/m3 )
. [16]
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(Civil Engineering)
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1. (a) With the help of neat sketches explain how the initial and final setting time
test are conducted in the laboratory using Vicot apparatus.
(b) What are I.S.codal specifications on setting times of ordinary Portland cement.
[8+8]
2. (a) Explain the purpose of aggregates in concrete.

(b) How does the source affects the quality of aggregate? [8+8]
3. (a) Define the term curing of concrete? How does it influences the development
of strength of concrete?
(b) Explain following methods of curing.
i. Membrane curing
ii. Water curing
iii. Application of heat [8+8]

i. Cement -3.10
ii. Sand -2.60
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5. A pretensioned concrete beam of 300 mm x 600 mm cross section is stressed by
20 - 8 mm high tensile steel wires, located at 200 mm below the centre line of the
section. If the characteristic strength of concrete is 45N/mm2 and the characteristic
strength of prestressing steel is 1400N/mm2 , determine the moment of resistance
of the section. [16]
6. (a) A post-tensioned concrete beam of rectangular cross section 110mm wide and
300mm deep is stressed be a parabolic cable with zero eccentricity at the
supports and an eccentricity of 45mm at the centre of the span. The cross
sectional area of the cable is 200mm2 . Take Esteel = 206kN/mm2 , EConcrete =
35kN/mm2 . Age of concrete at the time of loading = 28 days. The initial
stress in cable is 1200MPa. Find the loss of stress due to creep of concrete.
(b) A concrete beam is prestressed by a cable carrying an initial prestressing
force of 335kN. The cross sectional area of wires is 320mm2 . Calculate the
percentage loss of stress in the cable only due to shrinkage of concrete using
IS 1343 recommendations assuming the beam to be
i. Pre-tensioned.
ii. Post-tensioned.
Take ES = 210kN/mm2 . Age of concrete at the time of transfer = 10
days. [8+8]
7. A prestressed concrete beam 200 mm wide and 300 mm deep is used an effective
span of 5m to support an imposed load of 5kN/m. The density of concrete is
24kN/m3 . At the quarter span section of the beam, find the magnitude of
(a) The concentric prestressing force necessary for zero fibre stress at the soffit
when the beam is fully loaded and
(b) The eccentric prestressing force located 100 mm from the bottom of the beam,
which would modify the bottom fibre stress due to loading. [8+8]
8. A prestressed concrete beam of rectangular section 180 mm wide and 350 mm deep
is simply supported over a span of 10 m. The beam is concentrically prestressed
by a cable carrying an effective prestressing force of 325 KN. The beam carries
an all inclusive load of 9 KN/m. Find the principal tensile stress at the support
section. In case the cable has a parabolic profile with an eccentricity of 125 mm at
the centre of span, and zero at the supports,find the percentage reduction in the
principal tensile stress at the support section. [16]
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2 of 2
(Civil Engineering)
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1. (a) Discuss the difference between the wet and dry process of manufacturing of
Portland cement.
(b) Draw the flow diagrams for wet & dry process of manufacture of cement &
explain the same. [8+8]
2. (a) Define the term workability as given by road research laboratory.

(b) Enumerate the various field tests available for measurement of workability of
fresh concrete. Explain any one method in detail. [4+12]
3. (a) What is Age factor? Discuss age factors for permissible compressive stress in
hardened concrete as per IS-456-2000.
(b) For the following data compute the Gel/space ratio and theoretical strength
of concrete on full hydration.
Weight of cement = 750 gms.
W/C ratio = 0.55 [8+8]

i. Cement -3.10
ii. Sand -2.60
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5. A prestressed concrete beam 400 mm wide and 620 mm deep has a span of 5.6m.
The beam is prestressed with a tendon as shown in figure 5. The external load on
the beam consists of 200 kN at midspan. The effective prestressing force is 1100
kN. Calculate the resultant extreme fibre stresses at mid span section. Concrete
weighs 25kN/m3 .
Figure 5
[16]
6. A prestressed concrete beam 250mm wide and 320mm deep is prestressed with steel
wires of area 220mm2 provided at an uniform eccentricity of 60mm and subjected to
an initial stress of 1050N/mm2 . The span of the beam is 10m. Find the percentage
loss of stress.
(a) ES = 205kN/mm2 andEC = 32kN/mm2

Shrinkage of concrete = 300x10−6 for pretensioned beam and
(b)
= 210x10−6 for posttensioned beam
)
Ultimate creep strain = 47 × 10−6 mm/mm per M pa f or pretensioned beam
(c)
of concrete = 28 × 10−6 mm/mm per M pa f or posttensioned beam
(d) Relaxation of stress in steel = 6 % of the initial stress
(e) Anchorage slip = 0.70 mm
(f) Friction coefficient for wave effect = 0.0014 per m
(g) Coefficient of friction = 0.55 [16]
7. A beam 260 mm wide and 600 mm deep is simply supported over an effective
span of 7.6m. It carries two point loads of 65 kN each at 2m from either support.
Determine the initial prestressing force and its eccentricity assuming that no tension
is permitted in concrete both at transfer and service load. Assume the loss ratio as
0.86. [16]
8. A prestressed beam of rectangular section 20 cm x 45 cm is prestressed by a triangu-
lar tendon carrying an effective prestress of 350 KN. It has a maximum eccentricity
of 100 mm at midspan. The beam supports a uniform load of 10 KN/m over a
span of 10 m. Determine the principal stresses at the support section. [16]
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Code No: RR310101 Set No.

1. (a) Enummerate the different types of cements.

3. (a) What is shrinkage of concrete?

(a) Maximum size of Aggregate - 20mm (Angular)

6. (a) A prestressed concrete beam 120mm and 320mm deep is prestressed by a

7. Design a prestressed concrete beam to the following requirements:

8. A P.S.C beam ( 150 x 300mm) is prestressed by a parabolic tendon having an

8. A P.S.C beam ( 150mm x 300m) is axially prestressed by an effective prestress of

2. (a) Explain the purpose of aggregates in concrete.

(a) Maximum size of Aggregate - 20mm (Angular)

2. (a) Define the term workability as given by road research laboratory.

(a) Maximum size of Aggregate - 20mm (Angular)

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