Code No: RR221702 Set No.

1
II B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2007
ANALOG COMMUNICATIONS
(Electronics & Telematics)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) What is a sidetone ? How is it of importance in telephone instrument? De-

scribe a simple antiside tone circuit.
(b) What is the cumulative effect if a number of links of telegraph circuits are
affected by
i. bias
ii. characteristic
iii. distortion. [10+6]

2. (a) Explain the frequency discriminator method of generation of SSB.

(b) Derive the expression for a VSB modulated wave containing a vestige of the
upper sideband. [8+8]

3. (a) Explain clearly the difference between Amplitude, Frequency, and Phase mod-
ulations, beginning with the definition of each type and the meaning of the
modulation index in each case.
(b) Explain with the block diagram the Armstrong method of FM generation.
[8+8]

4. (a) Compare various FM demodulation techniques.

(b) Explain the Foster-Seely discriminator. [8+8]

5. (a) A certain transmitter radiates 9 KW with the carrier unmodulated and 10.125
KW when the carrier is sinusoidally modulated . Calculate the modulation
index. If another sine wave, corresponding to 40 % modulation, is transmitted
simultaneously , determine the total radiated power.
(b) Explain the classification of radio transmitter based on the frequency range
involved?
(c) Explain the classification of radio transmitter based on the type of service
involved? [5+6+5]

6. (a) Briefly explain the function of each of the block in the superheterodyne re-
ceiver.
(b) Calculate the image rejection of a receiver having an RF amplifier and an IF
of 450 Hz, if the Qs of the relevant coils are 65 at an incoming frequency of
i. 1200 Hz
ii. 20 MHz. [8+8]

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Code No: RR221702 Set No. 1
7. (a) Differentiate between simple, delayed and amplified AGC and explain their
action with the help of simple circuits blocks. [6+5+5]
(b) Discuss briefly similarities and differences between FM and AM receivers.
(c) Write in detail about the limiter used in FM receiver.

8. Derive an expression for SNR and figure of merit of coherent reception of SSB
modulated wave. [16]

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Code No: RR221702 Set No. 2
II B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2007
ANALOG COMMUNICATIONS
(Electronics & Telematics)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. State and explain clearly the differences between the following methods of telegraph
working.
(a) Simplex
(b) Duplex
(c) Multiplex
(d) Diplex [4x4=16]
2. (a) Explain with the help of a block diagram SSB signal generation using phase
discrimination method. State the advantage of SSB modulation over DSB.
(b) Write about VSB generation and its Filter characteristics. [16]
3. (a) Explain clearly the difference between Amplitude, Frequency, and Phase mod-
ulations, beginning with the definition of each type and the meaning of the
modulation index in each case.
(b) Explain with the block diagram the Armstrong method of FM generation.
[8+8]
4. (a) Distinguish between negative peak clipping and diagonal peak clipping in an
envelope detector. The output of a diode envelope detector is fed through a
DC blocking capacitor to an amplifying stage, which has an input resistance
of 10 kilo-ohms. If the diode load resister is 5k-ohm, determine the maximum
depth of sinusoidal modulation the detector can handle with out negative peak
clipping.
(b) Consider a composite wave obtained by adding a non coherent carrier Ac cos (2 π fc t + φ)
to DSB-SC waveX (t) cos (2 π fc t) whereX (t) is the message waveform. This
composite waveform is applied to ideal envelope detector. Find the resulting
detector out put. Evaluate this for .
i. φ = 0 and
ii. φ =
6 0 and | X (t)| << Ac [8+8]
5. (a) What is BJT Reactance modulator? Explain with circuit diagram.
(b) What is the purpose of 90 degree phase shifter circuit used in wide band
Armstrong system.
(c) If the output current of a FM broadcast transmitter is 8.5 A without modu-
lation, what is the output current when the percentage modulation is 90.
[8+4+4]

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Code No: RR221702 Set No. 2
6. (a) Explain the principle of a simple Automatic Gain Control (AGC) of super
heterodyne AM receiver.
(b) What is the necessity for tracking in radio receivers? Explain briefly the
tracking techniques used in radio receivers.
(c) Write about separately exited mixer. [4+6+6]

7. (a) Differentiate between simple, delayed and amplified AGC and explain their
action with the help of simple circuits blocks. [6+5+5]
(b) Discuss briefly similarities and differences between FM and AM receivers.
(c) Write in detail about the limiter used in FM receiver.

8. Obtain the expression for SNR and Figure of merit of coherent reception of DSB
modulated wave. [16]

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Code No: RR221702 Set No. 3
II B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2007
ANALOG COMMUNICATIONS
(Electronics & Telematics)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Explain what is meant by through signalling on junction lines between CB and
manual exchanges. Describe how through signalling is provided in a typical
case giving a diagram of the circuit elements concerned.
(b) Draw the Circuit diagram of an auto telephone instrument.
[12+4]
2. (a) Explain filter method of suppressing unwanted sideband.
(b) A SSB-SC transmitter operating at a 16MHz has frequency stability of 1 part
per million. If its transmission is reproduced by a receiver whose stability is
8 part per million, what is the maximum frequency error at the output of the
receiver could have in reproducing the transmission. [16]
3. (a) Explain clearly the difference between Amplitude, Frequency, and Phase mod-
ulations, beginning with the definition of each type and the meaning of the
modulation index in each case.
(b) Explain with the block diagram the Armstrong method of FM generation.
[8+8]
4. (a) Explain the working principle of balanced frequency discriminator.
(b) Explain Ratio detector circuit for FM demodulation. [8+8]
5. (a) Explain the requirements of carrier frequency for a radio transmitter.
(b) Explain the operation of amplitude modulated transmitter using modulation
at high carrier power level . [6+10]
6. (a) Explain the necessity for AGC in a radio communication.
(b) Discuss the consideration that governs the choice of IF in a receiver.
(c) Explain the operation of superheterodyne receiver. [4+6+6]
7. Write short notes on the following:-
(a) Receiver measurements.
(b) Squelch circuits.
(c) Noise limiter. [6+5+5]
8. Obtain the expression for SNR and Figure of merit of coherent reception of SSB
modulated wave. [16]

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Code No: RR221702 Set No. 4
II B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2007
ANALOG COMMUNICATIONS
(Electronics & Telematics)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. Explain the working of a teleprinter. What is the characteristic of the code used
in teleprinters? How does the receiver remain in step with the transmitter. [16]
2. (a) Explain the third method of SSB generation.
(b) When a broadcast AM transmitter is 50% modulated, its antenna current is
12A. What will be the current when the modulation depth is increased to 0.9?
[8+8]
3. (a) Explain clearly the difference between Amplitude, Frequency, and Phase mod-
ulations, beginning with the definition of each type and the meaning of the
modulation index in each case.
(b) Explain with the block diagram the Armstrong method of FM generation.
[8+8]
4. (a) Discuss the basic principle used in the detection of FM signals. Explain the
operation of a phase discriminator circuit as an FM (Frequency Modulation)
demodulator.
(b) Give the complete analysis of a diode detector and explain its operation.Obtain
an expression for its efficiency. Account for distortion and discuss the methods
to reduce them. [8+8]
5. (a) What is variable capacitor diode modulator? Explain.
(b) What is FET reactance modulator? Explain with circuit diagram.
(c) If the output current of AM transmitter is 6A without modulation, what is
the output current when the percentage modulation is 70. [6+6+4]
6. (a) What is simple automatic gain control? What are its functions? What is
delayed AGC and what are its merits compared to simple AGC?
(b) Discuss the considerations in the choice of I.F. and the design of I.F. stage.
[8+8]
7. (a) Differentiate between simple, delayed and amplified AGC and explain their
action with the help of simple circuits blocks. [6+5+5]
(b) Discuss briefly similarities and differences between FM and AM receivers.
(c) Write in detail about the limiter used in FM receiver.
8. For a modulating signal m (t)=Cos(wo t), show that PM is superior to FM by a
factor of 2.25 from the SNR point of view. [16]

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Code No: RR221702 Set No. 4
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