Chapter 2 The Constitution I. The Origins of a New Nation a. Trade and Taxation i. Mercantilism ii.

French and Indian War iii. Stamp Act iv. Samuel Adams and Patrick Henry v. Sons of Liberty b. First Steps Toward Independence i. Stamp Act Congress ii. Committees of Correspondence iii. Tea Act iv. Tea parties v. Coercive Acts(Intolerable Acts) c. The First Continental Congress i. The First continental Congress d. The Second Continental Congress i. Second Continental Congress ii. Thomas Paine and Common Sense iii. Richard Henry Lee iv. Confederation The Declaration of Independence i. Declaration of Independence ii. Thomas Jefferson iii. John Locke and the Declaration of Independence iv. The meaning of property in colonial times The First Attempts at Government: Articles of Confederation i. Articles of Confederation ii. A confederation derives all its powers from the states iii. Key provisions of the Articles of Confederation a. Problems Under the Articles of Confederation i. The critical period from 1781 to 1789 ii. Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation b. Shays Rebellion i. Daniel Shays ii. Shays Rebellion The Miracle at Philadelphia: Writing a Constitution a. The Characteristics and Motives of the Framers i. Constitution ii. Founding Fathers iii. Charles Beards An Economic Interpretation of the Constitution

II.

III.

IV.

V.

VI.

b. The Virginia and New Jersey Plans i. Virginia Plan ii. New Jersey Plan c. Constitutional Compromises i. Great Compromise ii. Three-Fifths Compromise d. Unfinished Business Affecting the Executive Branch i. Concerns of the Framers over a chief executive ii. Recommendations of the Committee on Unfinished Portions iii. Electoral College iv. Federalist No. 68 v. Impeachment and removal The U.S. Constitution a. The Basic Principles of the Constitution i. Montesquieu ii. Separation of powers iii. Checks and balances iv. Federal system v. Three key features of separation of powers b. The Articles of the Constitution i. Article I: the Legislative Branch 1. Enumerated powers 2. Necessary and proper clause (elastic clause) 3. Implied powers ii. Article II: The Executive Branch 1. President 2. Important powers of the president in section 3 3. State of the Union Address iii. Article III: The Judicial Branch 1. Supreme court 2. Appointments for life 3. Good behavior iv. Articles IV through VII: 1. Full faith and credit clause 2. Supremacy clause 3. No religious test for public office The Drive for Ratification a. Federalists Versus Anti Federalists i. Federalists ii. Anti Federalists b. The Federalist Papers i. Publius

VII.

ii. Hamilton, Madison, and Jay iii. The Federalist Papers iv. Federalist No. 10 v. Brutus and Cato vi. Anti Federalists c. Ratifying the Constitution i. Article VII ii. Bill of Rights d. Amending the Constitution: the Bill of Rights i. Twenty Seventh Amendment ii. Bill of Rights sought by the Anti Federalists iii. Protections and guarantees of the Bill of Rights Methods of amending the Constitution a. Formal Methods of Amending the Constitution i. Article V ii. Two stage amendment process iii. Two methods of proposal iv. Ratification v. ERA vi. Reaction to Texas v. Johnson b. Informal Methods of Amending the Constitution i. Judicial Interpretation 1. Marbury v. Madison 2. Criticisms of judicial review ii. Social and Culture Change 1. Great Depression and the New Deal 2. Marriage Amendment 3. Actions of 104th and 105th Congress to change constitution