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TECHNICAL TERMS
AMBIDEXTERITY: Able to use the left and right hand with equal skill. ALIGNMENT: A straight line on which more than one member is formed or to be formed. APPROPRIATE FACIAL & BODY ATTITUDES: Quality of expression must be appropriate to the theme being portrayed. APPROPRIATELY CHOREOGRAPHED EXPRESSION: Expression appropriate to the theme/routine being performed. BEAT: A beat is the recurrent emphasis in music. March time to be correct is played at 120 regular beats to the minute.
RATE OF MARCH TIME OF MARCH
LEFT EMPHASIS (HIGH - LOUD)

= =

120 PACES PER MINUTE 120 BEATS PER MINUTE

LEFT EMPHASIS (HIGH - LOUD)
MEASURE = HALF A SECOND OF MUSIC

ONE SECOND RIGHT EMPHASIS (LOW - SOFT) ONE BEAT. RIGHT EMPHASIS (LOW - SOFT)

ONE SECOND RIGHT EMPHASIS (LOW - SOFT)

NB: From the completion of one emphasis, to the beat of the other one, is commonly termed

BLANK FILE: A file with one absent member leaving a space. CADENCE: In the marching sense means: Technical Drill Routine & Exhibition Drill Routine: The legs and arms correctly related are in rhythm with the rise and fall of the music. ie. the left loud beat falling down to the soft right beat. Thematic Drill Routine In rhythm - in time with. CARRIAGE ANGLE: The angle that is formed by the arms to the body due to the proportions of the body. ie. Narrow shoulders on a member with wider hips would cause the naturally straight arms to have an outward angle. CLOSE ORDER: The normal distance, two paces interval between ranks in line. (see open order). COMMAND: A Command is an order, a demand, a bidding - it is not a question. given to ensure the best possible (correct) response. A Command should be

COMPLEX / INTRICATE FORMATIONS: Formations that require individual thinking and maintenance of position by individual members.

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COVERING: The act of one member placing herself directly to the rear of the members in front of a File.
CORRECT INCORRECT INCORRECT

DEPORTMENT: 4WS - Posture Carriage - Bearing (having a presence). DEPTH: The space occupied by a body of members from front to rear. DISTANCE: The space between members or teams of members, taken between identical parts. DIRECTING FLANK: The flank by which Teams march or dress. DRESSING: The act of individuals forming a STRAIGHT LINE by being correctly aligned on the flat area across the shoulder blades, with flanking members. The alignment, unless otherwise stipulated is taken up from the centre member on whose frontage the other members are facing or moving.
CORRECT
______________

INCORRECT
_______________

INCORRECT
_______________

DRESS TO: To take up the alignment correctly or maintain it correctly. Dressing is always taken up by the alignment of the back of the shoulders. DYNAMIC: Giving the impression of energy, potency, power and vigour. ELEVATION: The act of raising or lowering the body or part thereof to achieve different levels. This can be achieved by the use of the body as well as hand held or stage props where props are allowed. FILE: A line of more than one member, one behind the other. FIXED PIVOT: The member who during a wheel turns on ones own ground. FLANK: Either side of a body of members as opposed to its front or rear. FOOT: Please interpret foot and parts thereof as meaning AS SEEN
ENCASED IN A MARCHING BOOT or other appropriate footwear, FILE

the foot angle is taken from the sole of the boot or footwear. Sole: The straight line created by the platform of the heel and the base underneath the ball of the foot.

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FORMATIONS: The pattern or shape into which a number of members or props are arranged. FORMATIONS: (Intention Clear) Formation is easily recognisable.. FORMATIONS REINFORCING THE MUSIC: Variables such as speed (of music), size and shape may be used to reinforce formations. FORWARD: A command to advance. FULLY EXTENDED POSITION: 1. Attained on the emphasis of music. 2. Arms peak of swing in the line of swing. 3. Both knees straight. 4. Arrive platform of heel, feet in line of march. 5. There is no required angle of foot to ground but will appear to be uniform throughout the team.

4 WAY STRETCH:
1 Stretch: 2
nd st

Maintaining Posture (Deportment/Bearing):

Stretch:

Walk tall, reach for height, pushing the crown of the head up, chin approximately 90 degrees to the neck. Flatten shoulder blades, stretching the shoulder points outwards, without pulling the shoulders down. NB THIS MAKES A LONG NECK AND FLAT STRAIGHT
BACK. IT IS NOT A TENSE POSITION.

3rd Stretch: 4th Stretch:

Stretch hands down from point of shoulders to position arms as straight as possible to the sides, while stretching legs naturally straight. Increase the distance between the hips and armpits by stretching the chest up from the hips, thus lengthening the upper body.

FRONT: The direction in which marchers are facing or moving at any given time. HARMONY: (ie Actions in Harmony) Actions in agreement, oneness, symmetry or unison HESITATION: A hesitation is a perceptible stop during which the marcher adopts a static pose, and must be plainly visible. During drill on the march, unless detail specifies otherwise, it will also be of sufficient duration to compensate for slower or faster movement to keep the feet in tempo with the music to which the Team is marching. The duration of a hesitation is not required to be identical between drill actions. HIGHLIGHT: High point in the routine an important part of the sequence illuminating the performance. INCLINE: The diagonal movement by which ground is gained to the front and flank simultaneously without altering alignment, and shall be 45 degrees to the original line of march unless otherwise specified. X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

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INNER FLANK: The nearest to the directing flank. INITATION / EXECUTION / COMPLETION: Initiation refers to the start of a movement (including start position) Execution refers to performing the planned movement Completion refers to finish of the movement (including finish position) INSTEP ALIGNMENT: The ball of one foot level with the instep of the stationary foot. one would fit into the other. If they were pressed together,

INTERMINGLING WITH PURPOSE: Members interacting, mixing, and blending together using pathways with purpose. INTERVAL: The lateral space between members or bodies of members on the same alignment. LINE: Members formed on the same alignment.

LINES OF FORCE: In each leg, the hip joint region, knee, ankle, heel and toes, as seen directly from the front must all be in line with one another, so that the Lines of Force pass unimpeded through the central axis of the legs and into the feet. LINES OF MARCH: These are the two Left and Right lines which vary in shape and distance apart according to the movement. This distance apart is measured from the centre of heel to centre of heel. LINES OF SWING: When marching from point to point two imaginary Left and Right parallel lines taken from the centre of the correct hand position of the Stationary Position (with shoulders square to the line of march) will form the Line of Swing from each member. When wheeling the lines will follow the arc
LINES OF FORCE

HIP JOINT

LINES OF MARCH

LINKAGES: The joining of one movement to another, blending and flowing to create unity of performance. LOGICAL FLOW TO FORMATIONS: Changing formations with more than stop start. MANIPULATION: To move, operate or handle. MARCHING SENSE: In the marching sense means: Steps, movements, drills and formations in keeping with the historical character of marching.

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MARKER: A marcher responsible to take up a position on which to direct a drill movement. MARK TIME: To move the feet up and down, in march rhythm, without advancing or receding. MIDSTANCE: The midpoint of the supporting foot and in marching shall be approximately level with the instep. MIDSWING: Unless specified otherwise, the arms will swing alternately with the action of the legs. In armswing (with smooth, even arm timing) the midswing is the Attention position. In leg and foot action, the travelling foot is passing the toes in line position as the arms/hands pass through the Attention position. MOVEMENT TEMPO: The speed at which a member or members move as opposed to the speed of the music. MOVING PIVOT: The marcher who during a wheel moves on the arc of a circle. NORMAL TEAM FORMATION: Refers to the position of the Team members numbered 1 to 9 when in the position taken up by Teams at the commencement of the Technical Drill Routine. OPEN ORDER: An increased distance between ranks for ceremonial or drill purposes. OUT OF BOUNDS: To step over the boundary of the playing area. This refers to the feet and may be all or any part thereof. PACE: (Walk with measured tread) A measurement of distance on foot, such distance taken between identical positions on both feet. All paces are forward unless specified otherwise. Length of quick-time pace unless specified otherwise is 75cm (Senior), 67.5cm (Intermediate) and 60cm (Junior). The length of slow-time pace unless specified otherwise is 67.5cm (Senior), 60.0cm (Intermediate) and 52.5cm (Junior). A shortened pace is as specified. A reduced pace is as specified. PAGEANTRY: (For information only no longer used in assessment) A Pageant is an exhibition, celebration, display or extravaganza to name a few. Pageantry in marching terms shall be linked to dignity and spectacle, therefore costumes shall be dignified and spectacular, with style and good colour combinations. It may or may not be necessary to have colourful braids and buttons etc., however, each trim or accessory shall look like it is an important part of the uniform. Note: Pageantry is relative to the particular style of uniform. PATHWAYS: The direction and manner in which one movement is linked to another. PATTERNS: Shapes formed by continuous changes of formation. PAUSE: A Pause in drill shall be equal to at least one beat of quick time during which no movement takes place, unless stipulated otherwise (eg. Pivot-Pause). PERCEPTIBLE STOP: (Means Slight but perceptible) Slight = inconsiderable in amount when compared to a measure of music. Perceptible = capable of being perceived by the senses (ie. Seeing it). PHYSICAL EXPRESSION: Is the capability of being able to physically express the theme, revealing it to onlookers, by gesture, body movement, or by use of Freestyle Props.

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PIVOT: The flank on which a body of members wheel. PLATFORM OR BASE: Is the distance between the lines of march forming the base on which one steps to give the body stability.

PRECISION: Great exactness or accuracy. PRESENTATION: Great extensions, performing in a manner that gives cause for justifiable pride (expo), arresting sense of physical fitness (sparkle), projecting mastery of work (projection), well groomed (chic). PROJECTION: The ability to connect with the audience. The ability of giving other people the idea of the routine you are performing. PROP: Hand-held article used to enhance the performance. QUALITY OF EXPRESSION: How well the members are able to communicate their performance using their body through gesture, posture and facial expression. RADIUS: Is the distance between the pivoting point and the outside of the arc, either from a fixed pivot or an imaginary pivot.

RADIUS RADIUS

RANGE OF PATHWAYS: The variety of routes and manner in which performers move through space from movement to movement. RANK: A line of members side by side.
RANK

RELEASE OF UNAUTHORISED ARTICLES: The release of articles that decrease on-stage visibility and likely to initiate asthma. RHYTHM: The structure of music which consists of the duration of notes within a sequence culminating from variables such as beat and tempo. Rhythm = Timing, accents and grouping of notes. RHYTHMIC MOVEMENT: To step or move whilst performing compatible leg, arm, head and bodily movements in relation to the beat and music composition.
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RHYTHMICAL MARCHING: Is to step to march time music whilst performing compatible leg, arm, head or bodily movements in relation to the beat and music composition. SCUDO: (No longer used in combination)
S C U D O

Spacing

Covering

Uniformity

Dressing

Other Faults

SHAPES: The formations that are created by the rearrangement of members. SILENT PASSAGE: No audible sound (music, vocal or other) on the tape or CD that is playing for a performance. SINGLE FILE: Members one behind the other on a frontage of one at normal marching distance.
o o o o o o Direction of march

SPACING: The interval between adjacent members on the same alignments, measured by the distance between identical positions of the same foot of those adjacent members. STACCATO: In the Drill sense, means sharp, detached, abrupt manner. STAGING: (The production) In proportion, effectively using time and space, the blending of start, introduction/entrance centre piece, finish, highlights, variations of rate, steps, movements and formations. STANDARD: The measure of worthiness to appear in public. STATIC POSE: To stand unmoving in a designated position for a specified length of time. STATIONARY POSITION: This is the position of Attention, except the feet will be in Line of March, toes in line and where it is required that more than one member of the Team execute identical drill, then such will be uniform. STEP: Movement of the foot in any direction (unless stipulated otherwise) involving lifting the foot and putting it down. SYNCHRONISATION: To move at the same intended time, the same intended rate or in the same intended manner by individuals or groups (ie. Ranks and/or Files). Or same intended movement performed at equal intended intervals. TEAM: A Team is a squad of members with a minimum of six members and a maximum number of members appropriate to the Discipline and Section. TEAM MEMBERS: REGISTERED TEAM MEMBERS: (a) Refers to the twenty competitive members and includes the Team Co-Ordinator(s). JUNIOR BASIC DRILL ROUTINE (b) Shall consist of 6 12 members TECHNICAL DRILL ROUTINE (c) Shall consist of 6 9 members (d) (e) (f)
EXHIBITION DRILL ROUTINE THEMATIC DRILL ROUTINE PROP DRILLDANCE ROUTINE

Shall consist of 6 20 members Shall consist of 6 20 members Shall consist of 6 20 members

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(g) (h) (i)
THEMATIC DANCE ROUTINE MASTERS TECHNICAL DRILL ROUTINE MASTERS THEMATIC DRILL ROUTINE

Shall consist of 6 20 members Shall consist of 6 9 members Shall consist of 6 20 members

TEMPO: (Drill Routines) Marching in time with the music. ie. The centre point of the underside of the back half of the platform of the left heel must reach the ground on the loud or strong beat of the music or rhythm. A bar of music is divided into an even number of beats. Teams starting from Quick - March with the left foot will complete the first pace on the first beat of the bar. Successive paces with the left foot will be completed on the third, fifth and seventh beats. Paces with the right foot will be completed on the centre point of the underside of the back half of the platform of the heel, on the second, fourth, sixth and eighth beats. TEMPO: (Non Drill Routines) The speed at which a musical composition or passage is performed. THEATRICAL: Theatrical as applied to Artistic Freestyle manner, gesture, person or movements calculated for dramatic effect; of, or suited to the theatre or stage; characterisation embodying attitudes appropriate to the role. THEME: Is the topic, idea or dramatic piece, identifiable in the basic melody of music composition. This may briefly occur, keep re-occurring, or it may be a complete score being used as a theme-tune. THEMING: Is the accent and emphasis, by long sequences of motion making up choreographic patterns, any of the characteristics the music conveys. These could be any of the following elements: Spirit, mood, rhythm, or story/plot depicted. The Teams interpretation may not be in keeping with the formal character.
NB A TEAM MAY PERFORM RHYTHMICALLY TO NON-MARCH MUSIC BY USING SUFFICIENT REPRESENTATION OF BODILY/PROP MOVEMENT IN RELATION TO THE RHYTHM AND MUSICAL PHRASES.

TIMING: (Drill Routines) All precision drills will be performed to the rhythm of the music unless specified otherwise, when the drills will be fitted into the measure of music required; eg. half a beat, prior to the emphasis of the beat etc.. In terminology, the full measure of music actually signifies the end of a measure. For ease of publication the measure of music will be described as LEFT BEAT - RIGHT BEAT. TIMING: (Non Drill Routines) The skill of members to perform movement or movements at the exactly the right moment to achieve a unified performance. TRAVELING STEPS: Steps performed in linkage movements. Moving from one formation to another by stepping. The steps may be uniform throughout the team or may be varied but must be in unison and appropriate to the theme/idea/character etc. UNIFIED PERSONALITY: Personality as appropriate to the character being performed. If the same character is being portrayed, the personality should be uniform. If several characters are being portrayed the personality would be appropriate to the character. UNIFORMITY: The skill of members to perform movement / movements at exactly the right moment to achieve a unified performance. UNISON: The movement of each member whilst not uniform, must appear related and in harmony.
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USO: Abbreviation for unless specified otherwise. VISUAL PROP: Detachable and non-detachable uniform parts used as props to visually enhance a performance. WHEELING: The action of altering direction about a fixed or moving pivot, through the arc of a circle.

Special acknowledgement to Pat Hooper for her assistance in updating the Technical Terms Thank you Pat, your input is greatly appreciated.

DrillDance Technical Handbook - 31 July 2012 Technical Terms