CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

A. BACKGROUND

We all know that Indonesia is a country very rich in natural resources. One such property, Indonesia has a very fertile ground for being in the area that young age, so that in it there are many volcanoes are young again able to restore the surface that is rich in nutrients. But over time, the fertility of the land owned by Indonesia much used by the rules which apply without regard to long-term impacts resulting from the processing of land. One of them, the implementation of development in the country could no doubt have caused many positive effects for society, such as construction and mining industries have created new jobs for residents in the vicinity. But that success is often followed by negative effects that harm society and the environment.

Construction of industrial zones in agricultural areas and the surrounding area leads to reduced agricultural pollution of soil and water bodies which can degrade the quality and quantity of results / agricultural products, the disruption of comfort and health of humans or other living creatures. While the mining activities causing soil damage, erosion and sedimentation, as well as drought. Damage caused by mining activities are changed or lost the form of the earth's surface (landscape), especially

mining conducted in an open (opened mining) leaving large holes in the earth's surface. To get the ore, peeled and ground excavated using heavy equipment. The manager of the mining area mined to leave just like that without doing the rehabilitation or reclamation

Override the negative impact of agricultural land and the environment need to get serious attention, because of industrial waste that pollutes the land contains a number of elements harmful chemicals that can pollute water bodies and soil and crop damage and result in further damage to health of living things.

Based on these facts, it is necessary to discuss specific assessment of soil pollution and its impact on the surrounding environment. B. PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES The purpose and goals of this paper, among others, namely:
1.

as a study of the students about the impact of pollution on the environment

2. as a way to find different ways to cope with the impact of pollution that is being

studied
3. as a method of collecting data on environmental pollution

C. SCOPE This paper discusses about the pollution of soil, ranging from the description, impacts, and how to combat pollution of the land.

CHAPTER II

A. OBJECT OF WRITING Writing objects include a picture / description, impacts, and how to control pollution of the soil. B. OBJECT OF THE ELECTION The object that the author chose is the pollution of soil, because soil is a very important component of life. All human beings must be very dependent of the existence of the land. However, many people who do not know how to land the right treatment with no negative impact on many lives. C. DATA COLLECTION METHODS In writing this paper, the authors generally get written material from a variety of references, both from the literature review of books - books or from internet media sources related to environmental pollution. D. METHOD OF ANALYSIS Preparation of this paper is based on the descriptive method of analysis, namely by identifying the problem based on existing facts and data, analyze the problem based on literature and other supporting data, and find alternative solutions.

CHAPTER III ANALYSIS OF THE PROBLEM A. DISCUSSION a. Picture of Land Pollution Soil contamination is a state in which man-made chemicals enter and alter the natural soil environment. Contamination is usually due to: leaking sewage or industrial chemicals or commercial facilities; use of pesticides contaminated surface water ingress into the sub-surface layer; oil transport vehicle accidents, chemical substances, or waste, waste water from a landfill and industrial wastes are discharged directly into the soil are not eligible (illegal dumping). When a substance is hazardous / toxic contaminated the soil surface, so it can evaporate, and the rain washed away or into the ground. Pollution that goes into the ground and then deposited as toxic chemicals in soil. Toxic substances in the soil may have a direct impact to humans when in contact or can contaminate groundwater and the air above it. 1. Impact caused by the Soil Pollution Impacts caused by soil contamination, including: On health The impact of soil pollution on health depends on the type of pollutant, pathway into the body and the vulnerability of affected populations. Chromium, a wide range of pesticides and herbicides are carcinogenic to all populations. Lead is

very dangerous in children, because it can cause brain damage and kidney damage in the whole population. Chronic exposure (flooding) to benzene at a certain concentration can increase the chances of developing leukemia. Mercury (mercury) and siklodiena known to cause kidney damage, some can not even be treated. PCB and related siklodiena on liver toxicity. Karmabat organophosphate and may cause muscle nerves. Various solvents containing chlorine stimulates changes in the liver and kidneys as well as the decrease in the central nervous system. There are several kinds of health effects that appear such as headache, dizziness, fatigue, eye irritation and skin rashes to exposure to the chemicals mentioned above. What is clear, in large doses, can cause the death of soil contamination. On Ecosystems Soil pollution also can have an impact on ecosystems. Radical changes in soil chemistry may arise from the presence of toxic chemicals / hazardous even at low doses though. These changes can cause changes in metabolism of endemic microorganisms and arthropods that live in the soil environment. As a result, it can even destroy some of the primary species of the food chain, which can give a great result against predators or other levels of the food chain. Even if the chemical effects on the lowest form of life is low, the bottom of the food pyramid can ingest foreign chemicals in the long run will be concentrated on the creatures on the inhabitants of the pyramid. Many of these effects are seen at this time, as the concentration of DDT in birds caused eggshell fragility, increased levels of seedling death and the possible loss of species.

The impact on agriculture, especially changes in plant metabolism, which in turn can cause a decrease in agricultural output. This can cause further impact on the conservation of plants where the plants are not able to hold a layer of soil from erosion. Some of these contaminants have long half-life and in other cases derivative chemicals are formed from the major soil pollutants. 2. Handling To Do There are several steps handler to reduce the impact caused by soil pollution. among them Remediation Remediation activities to clean up the contaminated soil surface. There are two types of soil remediation, the in-situ (or on-site) and ex-situ (or off-site). On-site cleanup is a cleanup at the site. Cleaning is cheaper and easier, consisting of cleaning, venting (injection), and bioremediation. Off-site cleanup includes excavation of contaminated soil and then taken to a safe area. After that the area is safe, the land cleared of contaminants. The trick is, the land is kept in the tub / tank are impermeable, then the cleaning agent is pumped into the tub / tank. Furthermore pollutants pumped out of the tub is then processed by the installation of waste water processing. Off-site cleaning is much more expensive and complicated. Bioremediation Bioremediation is the process of cleaning the soil contamination with microorganisms (fungi, bacteria). Bioremediation aims to break down or degrade contaminants into less toxic materials or non-toxic (carbon dioxide and water).

B. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS a. conclusion Soil contamination is a state in which man-made chemicals enter and alter the natural soil environment. Contamination is usually due to: leaking sewage or industrial chemicals or commercial facilities; use of pesticides contaminated surface water ingress into the sub-surface layer; oil transport vehicle accidents, chemical substances, or waste, waste water from a landfill and industrial wastes are discharged directly into the soil are not eligible (illegal dumping). There are several ways to reduce the impact of soil contamination, including the remediation and bioremidiasi. Remediation is a way to clean surfaces contaminated soil. While bioremediation by soil contamination cleanup process using microorganisms (fungi, bacteria). b. ADVICE To better understand all of the pollution of soil, readers are advised to find other references relating to the material in this paper. In addition, the reader is expected after reading this paper is able to apply them in everyday life - day in conserving the land and its constituent present in it.

REFERENCES

Soekarto. S. T. 1985. Organoleptic studies for Food and Agriculture Industry. Bhatara Literacy Works, Jakarta. 121 p.

Wikipedia. , 2007. Soil Pollution (On-line). http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/pencemaran_tanah. accessed December 26, 2007

Bachri, Moch. Of 1995. Environmental Geology. CV. Literacy, Malang. 112 p.