PRE-COLONIAL TRADE CONTACTS AND INFLUENCES Chinese Relations Filipino-Chinese trade relations started during the Neolithic (New

w Stone) Age 10th century AD - official start of trade relations between the Filipinos and Chinese Flourished during the Tang Dynasty, around 618-907 AD Initially, the Arabs brought the Chinese products to the Philippines, but later on the Chinese themselves connected to our local traders (H. Otley Beyer) Wholesale trading was common practice back then Some products for trading include jade, coins, scales, mirrors, and porcelain wares Influences Production of gunpowder Use of tin, silver, lead, and porcelain Proliferation of blacksmithing and jewelry making professions Artificial incubation of eggs Improvement of Filipino culinary art Use of fire crackers during New Years and other important celebrations Use of gongs to signal the start of a festival

Indian Relations Orang Dampuans and Orang Bandjar were the two groups of Indians who traded with the ancient Filipinos in Minadanao (Basilan and Sulu) The bandjars focused on trading pearls; to add, they also offered their princesses to become wives of the rich and powerful rulers/business partners Influences The term bathala came from the Indian term bhattara which means great lord Some words commonly used in the Mindanao region came from Indians Sanskrit Some local fables and epics were influenced with Indian literature Giving of fresh flower garlands to the visitor Giving of bigay kaya or dowry Marriage customs like throwing of rice pamahiins Japanese Relations and Influences Flipino-Japanese relations began as early as 654 AD Some traders settled permanently in Cagayan, Lingayen, and Manila The Japanese introduced leather-making, manufacturing of tools and weapons, and breeding of duck and fish

Islam and Muslims in the Philippines Arab traders in Mindanao brought Islam to the ancient Filipinos in the island Islams fundamental principles can be found in the Quran (Koran), Muslims sacred book detailing Allahs teachings as conveyed by the prophet Mohammad Their genealogy and history are recorded in the tarsila Muslim schools are called madrasahs Teachings of Islam Allah is the supreme being, the creator of the universe and all of mankind Allah is a just and merciful god and it is his desire for mankind to repent on their sins in order to enter paradise after their death Life in this world is temporary, and ones good and bad deeds will be recorded for the final judgment The Quran forbids any human or animal representation in their art Eating pork, drinking wine, gambling, and other vices are forbidden Islam also forbids loan and usury (high interest rates) Muslims are duty-bound to help the poor, orphans, and widows Telling lies, stealing ,adultery, and murder are grave sins that deserve serious punishment

 Everyone is expected to exercise patience, faithfulness, honesty, industry, honor, and courage Every Muslim is expected to observe these obligations: Shahada - Declaration of faith in allah Salah - Praying 5 times a day while facing the east (Mecca) Sawm - fasting during the Ramadan Zakat - giving of alms Hadjj - one time pilgrimage to Mecca Islamic Figures in Ancient Philippines Tuan Mashaika - trader from Malay Peninsula who introduced Islam in the Philippines Karimul Makhdum - strengthened Islam in Mindanao; established a mosque in Tubig indangan, Tawi-Tawi Baginda - a prince from Sumatra who used force in order to propagate the Islamic faith Shariff ul Hasim - propagated Islam in the coastal areas of Mindanao; married a local princess named Paramisuli Abu Bakr - established the Sultanate of Sulu; later on became Sultan Sharifful Hashim Abubakar Shariff Mohammed Kabungsuwan - propagated the Islamic faith in Maguindanao; used diplomacy in propagating the religion