R M Project

A Research Methodology on Smoking Habits in Ahmedabad
Acknowledgement
It has been rightly said, Whenever people are willing but unable to perform task, they need cooperation and guidance of experienced people which is quite imperative in achieving the desired goal. We would like to express our gratitude to all those who helped us to complete this project. The project is dedicated to all the people whom we met, and who guided us. At this occasion we went to grab this opportunity to acknowledge our sincere thanks to all of them while submitting this project. We have furthermore to thank the institute K. S. School of Business Management and we are bound to our honorable director Dr. Sarla Achutan for giving us the opportunity of conducting this research. We are deeply indebted to our proof. Mr. Kaushik Trivedis guidance, stimulating suggestions and encouragement helped us in all the time of research for and writing of the project. We extend our heart felt gratitude to all those who extended their tremendous support and cooperation.
K.S.SCHOOL OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
Executive Summary
The whole journey from beginning to completion of our research on finding about the smoking habits in individual was really full of learning. And this journey has taught us how to apply the principles of Research Methodology in the practical situations. In the beginning of the project, a glimpse of different varieties of cigarette is shown. It is followed by our research objectives. Then it comes to defining the research problem which is the main reason for conducting any research. In this research, we interviewed 100 respondents of Ahmedabad. We have clearly defined all components of our research which contains type of research, size of sample, sampling design used, data collection method, assumption, scope of survey and various other parameters. Having completed all procedures we arrived at a juncture where we need o give a right direction to our research by forming research hypothesis, which we need to test through our survey findings. With help of statistical techniques we tested our hypothesis. We have also presented the result of our survey in tabulated forms accompanied by graphical analysis; we have given recommendations based in our research findings and our experience through out the research.
Introduction to research
Definition:
SOME PEOPLE CONSIDER RESEARCH AS A MOVEMENT, A MOVEMENT FROM KNOWN TO UNKNOWN.
According to the Advanced Learners Dictionary, Research is a careful investigation or inquiry especially through search for new facts in any branch of knowledge. Research is an academic activity which comprises of defining and redefining problems, formulating hypothesis or suggested solutions, collecting, organizing and evaluating data making deductions and reaching conclusions and at last carefully testing the conclusions to determine whether they fit the following hypothesis. Research is, thus, an original contribution to existing stock of knowledge making for its advancements.
History of smoking
6000 BC Tobacco starts growing in America. Tobacco in its original state is native only to the Americas. 1000 BC People start using the leaves of the tobacco plant for smoking and chewing. How and why tobacco was first used in the Americas no one knows. The first users are thought to have been the Mayan civilizations of Central America. Its use was gradually adopted throughout the nations of Central and most of North and South America. 1493 AD Rodrigo de Jerez became the first European smoker in history. One of Christopher Columbus fellow explorers, he took his first pull of the New Worlds version of the cigar in Cuba. When he returned home he made the mistake of lighting p in pubic and was thrown into prison for three years by the Spanish Inquisition becoming the worlds first victim of the anti-smoking lobby! 1532-1595 Sir John Hawkins: first English slave trader, he made three expeditions from Africa to the Caribbean in the 1560s and is the most likely candidate for being the first to bring tobacco to England. 1541-1596 Sir Francis Drake: the first sea captain to sail around the world may have been the man to introduce tobacco to England.
1542-1591 Richard Grenville (cousin of Sir Walter Raleigh): another contender for being British mariner who introduced tobacco to England. 1552-1618 Sir Walter Raleigh: erroneously though to have introduced tobacco to England. He did, though, popularize it in the court of Elizabeth l. 1565 (approx) First shipment of tobacco reaches Britain. 1566-1625 King James I famously published his treatise, A Counterblast to Tobacco in 1604. In it he described the plant as an invention of satan and banned tobacco from Londons alehouses. Later he had a change of hear, and nationalized the burgeoning tobacco industry in England and even reduced tobacco taxes. 1595 Tobacco, the firs book in the English language about tobacco published. 1596-1645 Michael Feodorovich: the first Romanov Csar declared the use of tobacco a deadly sin in Russia and forbade possession for any purpose. Tobacco court established to try breaches of the law. Usual punishments were slitting of the lips or a terrible and sometimes fatal flogging. In Turkey, Persia and India, the death penalty was prescribed as a cure for the habit. 1600 tobacco production now well established in the new World. Despite being banned by Pope Clement VIII, who threatened anyone who smoked in a holy place with excommunication, smoking was becoming increasingly popular with Europeans.
1830 First Cuban seegars arrive in London. Sold by Robert Lewis in St James st. in 1830. 1832 First paper rolled cigarette. It is widely believed that the first paper rolled cigarettes were made by Egyptian soldiers fighting the Turkish-Egyptian war. Other historians suggest that Russians and Turks learned about cigarettes from the Spanish. It is thought that paupers in Seville were making a form of cigarette, known as a Papalette, from the butts of discarded cigars and papers as early as he 17th century. 1856 First cigarette factory opened. It was in Walworth, England and owned by Robert Golag, a veteran of the Crimean War. 1900 Smoking jackets and hats have been introduced for gentleman smokers. After-dinning cigar is now an established tradition in turn of the century Britain. 1914 Outbreak of World war I see cigarettes rations introduced. Smoking hugely popular with soldiers in battlefields of northern Europe and cigarettes became know as soldiers smoke. 1950 evidence of a link between lung cancer and smoking published in the British Medical Journal. Research by Professer Richard Doll and Bradford Hill. 1964 US Surgeon General Luther Terry announces that smoking causes lung cancer. 1965 Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act requires US Surgeon Generals warnings on cigarette packs. UK Government Bans cigarette ads on television, radio in the UK.
1973 First US federal restrictions on Smoking. Officials rule all airlines must create non-smoking sections. 1983 Rose Cipollone ,a smoker dying from lung cancer, files a landmark lawsuit, which 1994 Executives of seven largest US tobacco companies swear in Congressional testimony that nicotine isnt addictive and deny manipulating nicotine levels in cigarettes. Tobacco taxes cut in Canada to deal with smuggling problem. Mississippi files first of 24 state lawsuits seeking to recoup millions from tobacco companies for smokers Medical bills. 1995 New York City passes Smoke Free Air Act and strengthens Clean Indoor Air Act. 2005 India becomes first country to ban smoking scenes in m0vies.
Objectives
To do any task there should be an objective behind it. Any task alone without an objective is vague and unproductive. GENERAL OBJECTIVES: To gain the practical knowledge and theoretical implementation of our study. To determine the frequency with which something occurs or with which it is associated with something else. To test the hypothesis of the causal relationship between variables. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: To study the behavioral aspects of smoking habits. The research also depicts the various factors influencing the smoking habits of individuals. The research shows the adverse effects of the smoking and individuals knowledge about them. Research also shows the reasons hold by individuals for smoking and non-smoking.
Research problem
The min aim of our research was to find out the truth which was hidden and has not been discovered, that is to find out the preference for smoking habits in Ahmedabad.
Research Design
A Research Design is the arrangements of the conditions for collection and analysis of data in a manner that aims to combines relevance to the research purpose with economy in procedure. Decisions regarding what, where, when, how much, by what means concerning an inquiry or a research study constitute a Research Design. The Research Design is the conceptual structure within which research is conducted; it constitutes the blueprint for the collection, measurement and analysis of data. There are three kinds of research designs- Exploratory Research, Descriptive Research and Experimental Research Designs. Our research Design is concerned with describing the characteristics of a particular group of people that is, the smoking habits of the people in Ahmedabad. Ours is a Descriptive Research Design because we are considering the smoking habits of a particular segment of individuals and as our main aim is to obtain complete and accurate information about the smoking habits of people of Ahmedabad.
Research methodology
A sample design is a definite plan for obtaining a sample from a given population. It refers to the technique or the procedure the researcher would adopt in selecting items for the sample. Sample design may as well lay down the number of items to be included in the sample. That is the size of the sample. There are many sampling Designs from which the researcher can choose the one that best suits to the survey. We have applied Simple Random Sampling in order to conduct our research on smoking habits in Ahmedabad.
Sample size
Sample refers to the selected portion of the population as a whole. A sample is the representative of the population that contains all the properties and posses of the characteristics of the population. The sample size of our survey regarding smoking habits is 100.
Methods of datacollection
After a Research Problem has been defined and Research Design chalked out, the task of Data Collection begins. Here, in our survey, we have used the Primary Data, that is, that data which has been collected for the first time and thus happens to be original in character. In order to conduct our survey we have opted for the QUETIONNAIRE METHOD. And it is Closed End type of questionnaire.
K.S.SCHOOL OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT 10

QUESTIONNAIRE K. S. School of Business Management Please tick as applicable in the box for your response
The information of the research will be kept confidential and will be used only for the purpose of research Name: ________________________________________ Area: _________________________________________
1. Gender: Male Female 2. Age: Below 18 18-25 26-40 Above 40 3. Occupation: Student Service Class Persons Business Person Retired Other_____________ 4. Average Monthly Income: Below 5000 5001-15000 15001-25000 Above 25000 5. Name of the brands of cigarette you know: (I) ______________ (II)______________ (III)______________ (IV)______________ (V)_______________ 6. Do you smoke Cigarette? Yes No
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SECTION - 1
1. How many cigarettes you smoke a day? Below 5 5 to 15 11 to 15 More than 15 2. Since how long you have been smoking? Below 5 years 5 to 10 years Above 10 years 3. Whats your monthly expenditure on smoking? Below 500 500-1000 Above 1000 4. Which brand of cigarette do you smoke? Gold Flake Wills Classic Four Square Others 5. How did you know about this brand? Print Media Hoardings TV Advertisements Recommendation Others____________ 6. Where did you get this habit from? From someone in family From Friends From Advertisements Celebrities Other 7. What are the reasons for smoking particular brand of cigarette? Price Brand Advertisements Celebrities Other 8. Do you know any health problems due to smoking? Yes No If yes specify, ______________ 9. Would you like to leave this habit in future Yes No
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A Research Methodology on Smoking Habits in Ahmedabad SECTION 2

1. What are the reasons for not smoking? Health Problem Dont Like Expenditure Family Values Irritating Others 2. What can be the circumstances in which you may start smoking? Work Pressure Personal Tension Company Status Symbol Others 3. Have you ever given it a try and then left it? Yes No 4. Would you like to go for it any time in future? Yes No
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Analysis of Questionnaire
Comparison of age with smoking habits:

Age Below 18 18-26 26-40 Above 41 Total Non Smokers 5 13 13 13 44 Smokers 2 30 10 14 56 Total 7 43 23 27 100
Smokers & Non Smokers as per Age

30 30 No of Respondents 25 20 15 10 5 0 Below 18 18-26 Age 26-40 Above 41 5 2 13 13 10 13 14 Non Smokers Smokers
The maximum number of people surveyed fall in the age group of 18-26 in which majority are smokers followed by age group of 41 and above.
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Occupation and Smoking Habits:

Occupation Students Service Class Business Class Retired Other Total Non Smokers Smokers 9 18 22 9 6 11 1 2 6 16 44 56 Total 27 31 17 3 22 100
Occupation and Smoking Habits

25 No of Respondents 20 15 10 5 0 Students Service Business Retired Class Class Occupation Other 9 9 6 1 2 18 11 6 Non Smokers Smokers 22 16
The analysis of the survey concludes that majority of the smokers are students followed by business class and service class respectively.
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Income and Smoking Habits:

Income Below 5000 5001-15000 15000-25000 Above 25000 Total Non Smokers Smokers 10 11 14 9 11 9 44 15 21 56 Total 21 23 26 30 100
Income and Smoking Habits

21 9 15 11 9 14 11 10 0 5 10 15 20 25 Smokers Non Smokers
Above 25000
Income
15000-25000
5001-15000
Below 5000
Majority of the smokers fall into the income group of Above 25000 followed by 15000-25000 and below 5000 respectively.
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Brand Awareness:
Brands Wills Gold Flake Classic Four Square Bristol Marlboro Others Total
No of Respondents (in %) 21% 15% 8% 15% 8% 7% 26% 100%
Brand Awareness
26% 7% 8% 15%
21% 15% 8%
Wills Gold Flake Classic Four Square Bristol Malboro Others
Wills has the highest brand awareness while brands like Gold Flake and Four Square also have high brand awareness than other brands of cigarettes.
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Smokers and Non Smokers:
Smokers Nonsmokers Total
56 44 100
Smokers / Non Smokers
44
56
Smokers Nonsmokers
The smokers in the research comprise of 56% of the people surveyed.
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Section - 1
Cigarettes smoked per day:
Cigarettes smoked per day

24
25 20 15 10 5 0 Below 5 5 to 10 10 to 15 More than 15 Cigarettes Smoked
12 9
11
Most of the smokers smoke more than 15 cigarettes per day while very few smoke less than 5 cigarettes a day which intentionally means that most of the people are heavily habituated to smoking.
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Period of smoking:
Below 5 years 5 to 10 years Above 10 years Total
31 13 12 56
Period of smoking
35 No of Respondents 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Below 5 years 5 to 10 years Years Above 10 years 13 12 31
Most of the people are early smokers as the period for which they have been smoking is less than 5 years while others have been smoking for more than 5 years.
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Monthly expenditure on smoking:
Below 500 500-1000 Above 1000 Total
15 13 28 56
Monthly expenditure on smoking

Below 500 500-1000 Above 1000
27% 50% 23%
Since big number of people belongs to high income group many people spend more than 1000 Rs per month for consumption of cigarettes with 50% smokers.
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Preferred Brands:
Brand Name Gold Flake Wills Classic Four Square Others Total
No of Respondents 19 13 9 8 7 56
Preferred Brands
Others Four Square Brands Classic Wills Gold Flake 0 5 10 NO of Respondents 15 7 8 9 13 19 20
The brand preference with the brand awareness and the most preferred brand among all in Gold Flake followed by Wills while other preferred brands like classic and four square.
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Sources of Awareness:
Print Media Recommendations TV Media Hoardings Others Total 12 23 4 11 6 56
Sources of Awreness
Print Media Recommendations TV Media Hoardings Others
11% 20% 7%
21%
41%
Majority of the people are stick to particular brand because of recommendations from friends or family. Followed by print media and hoardings with 21% & 20% respectively.
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Sources of Habit:
Source No of Respondents Advertisements 8 Family 9 Celebrities 4 Friends 16 Others 19 Total 56
Sources of Habit
Others Sources of Habit Friends Celebrities Family Advertisements 0 5 8 10 No of Respondents 15 20 4 9 16 19
Here we can say that majority people are smoking because they are highly influenced by one or the other source and get the habit of smoking.
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Awareness of Health Problems:

No of Respondents Yes No Total 46 10 56 No of Respondents (%) 82% 18% 100%
Awareness of Health Problems

No 18%
Yes 82%
Majority of the respondents (82%) are aware of health problems that causes due to smoking.
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Avoidance of smoking in future:
Yes No Total
No of No of Respondents Respondents (%) 22 61% 34 56 39% 100%
Avoidance of smoking in future

Yes No
39% 61%
More than 60% of the respondents were thinking to quit smoking in future. While 39% of the smokers wanted to continue smoking irrespective of its dangers.
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SECTION-2
Reasons for not smoking:
Health Problem Dont Like Expenditure Iritating Family Values Others Total 30 10 11 7 6 24 88
Reasons for not smoking

Others Family Values Reasons Iritating Expenditure Dont Like Health Problem 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 6 7 11 10 30 24
No of Respondents
There are various reasons given by the respondents for their non smoking habits. Most of the people are very health conscious hence avoid smoking. Even the other reasons we can say are dont want to spend much or feels it irritating.
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Circumstances to start smoking:

Work Pressure Depression Company Status Symbol Other Total 14 10 9 4 7 44 32% 23% 20% 9% 16% 100%
Circumstances to start smoking

Work Pressure Depression Company Status Symbol Other
16% 9% 20%
32%
23%
Majority of the non smokers responded that they will start smoking if there will be high work pressure on them followed by high depression and company frustration. Even 9% of the non smokers responded that they will start smoking as fashion.
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Will try in future:

Yes No Total 2 42 44
Smoking in Future
50 40 30 20 10 0
42
2
Yes No
Only 2 out of 44 non smokers would like to go for smoking in future while others dont want to opt for this habit in future.
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HYPOTHESIS
CHI-SQUARE TEST
1. There is an insignificant difference between age and smoking habits. AGE AND SMOKING HABITS
Oi
Age Below 18 18-26 26-40 41 and above Total Non- Smokers 5 13 13 13 44 Smokers 2 30 10 14 56 Total 7 43 23 27 100
Ei
Age Below 18 18-26 26-40 41 and above Total Non- Smokers 3.08 18.92 10.12 11.88 44 Smokers 3.92 24.08 12.88 15.12 56 Total 7 43 23 27 100
Oi 5 13 13 13 2 30 10 14
Ei 3.08 18.92 10.12 11.88 3.92 24.08 12.88 15.12
(Oi-Ei)2/Ei 1.197 1.1852 0.8196 0.106 0.94 1.456 0.64 0.106
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=7.09 Degrees of freedom= (n-1) = 8-1=7 Decision At 5% Level of Significance the Critical Value of CHI TEST is 14.1. Therefore our null hypothesis has been accepted. That is there is no significance difference between age groups and smoking habits.
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2. Occupation and smoking habits Hypothesis There is less co-relation between occupation level and smokers
Oi
Occupation Student profession Service business Retired Total Non- smokers 9 6 22 6 1 44 Smokers 18 16 9 11 2 56 Total 27 22 31 17 3 100
Ei
Occupation Student profession service business retired Total Non- smokers Smokers 11.88 15.12 9.68 12.32 13.64 17.36 7.48 9.52 1.32 1.68 44 56 Total 27 22 31 17 3 100
Oi 9 6 22 6 1 18 16 9 11 2
Ei 11.88 9.68 13.64 7.48 1.32 15.12 12.32 17.36 9.52 1.68
(Oi-Ei)2/Ei 0.698 1.399 5.123 0.29 0.078 0.55 1.099 4.026 0.23 0.06
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CHI-TEST=13.56 CHI-TAB Degrees Of Freedom= (n-1) = (10-1)=9 Decision At 5% Level of Significance the Critical Value of Chi tab is 16.9 Therefore our null hypothesis has been rejected That is there is no significance difference between occupation groups and smoking habits.
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3. Monthly Income INCOME AND SMOKING HABITS
Hypothesis- There is high co-relation between income level and smoking habits.
Oi
Monthly income Below 5000 5001-15000 15001-25000 Above 25000 Total Nonsmokers 10 14 11 9 44 Smokers 11 9 15 21 56 Total 21 23 26 30 100
Ei
Monthly income Below 5000 5001-15000 15001-25000 Above 25000 Total Non- smokers 9.24 10.12 11.44 13.2 44 Smokers 11.76 12.88 14.56 16.8 56 Total 21 23 26 30 100
Oi 10 14 11 9 11 9 15 21
Ei 9.24 10.12 11.44 13.2 11.76 12.88 14.56 16.8
(Oi-Ei)2/Ei 0.062 1.49 0.017 1.34 0.049 1.016 0.0133 1.05
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Chi square cal=5.18 Chi square tab degrees of freedom=(n-1)=8-1=7 Decision at 5 % level of significance the critical value of chi test is 14.1 Therefore our null hypothesis has been rejected that is there is no significance difference between income groups and smoking habits.
35
A Research Methodology on Smoking Habits in Ahmedabad Z TEST
H0:0=0.5 There are equal number of smokers and non-smokers in ahmedabad. H1: 1 0.5 Our alternative hypothesis is that there are not equal number of smokers and non-smokers in Ahmedabad P=0.5 Q=1-P=1-0.5=0.5 n=100 p=56/100=5.6 zCAL = (p-P)/((p*Q/n)) = 0.56-0.5 0.5*0.5/100 =1.2 ZTAB at 25% level of Significance =1.13 ZCAL > ZTAB Therefore the null hypothesis has been rejected that is
36
A Research Methodology on Smoking Habits in Ahmedabad PAIRED COMPARISION TEST
Reasons for smoking habits BA=Brand Awareness A= Advertisement P= Price C= Celebrities O= Others
BA A P C O TOTAL RANK MP Zj FINAL RANK BA 42 34 37 39 152 1 0.404 0.245 5 A 4 11 22 33 70 4 0.24 0.705 2 P 12 34 26 37 109 2 0.318 0.465 3 C 9 24 20 36 89 3 0.278 0.49 4 O 8 13 9 10 40 5 0.18 0.915 1
Mean proportion (MP) = C+0.5N Nn C = Total choices for given suggestion N = No of samples N = No of stimuli BA = 152 + 0.5(100) =0.404 5*100 A = 70 + 0.5(100) 5*100 =0.24
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P = 109 + 0.5(100) 5*100 C = 89 + 0.5(100) 5*100
=0.318
=0.278
O = 40 + 0.5(100) =0.18 5*100 Zj BA = 0.5-0.404 = 0.096 Area for Z = 0.245 A= 0.5-0.24 = 0.26 Area for Z = 0.705 P = 0.5- 0.315 = 0.812 Area for Z = 0.465 C = 0.5-0.278 =0.222 Area for Z = 0.915 SCALE
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Hence it can be concluded that option which include availability is the most preferred and ranked highest among all other option given for choosing the particular brand by the smokers of our survey. The second Ranked option is Advertisement followed by company, price of the brands and the least Brand awareness.
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LIMITATIONS
Limitations are the part and parcel of every research undertaken. Even if any researcher wants to make these limitation as strengths it would not happen, it will always remain as weakness of any research problem. Similarly, our research also faces the following limitations:
The most critical limitation is that people are not free enough to provide us with the correct information and thus lead to the BIASNESS of the people surveyed. The AREA surveyed is a major constraint. The SAMPLE SIZE we have chosen is not properly representing the population of Ahmedabad. The TIME PERIOD given to us was not sufficient to take up all the aspects onto consideration. AMBIGOUS REPLIES is also one of the major drawbacks of the survey conducted through questionnaires.
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BIBLOGRAPHY
Research Methodology by C.R Kotharti Business Mathematics by Sancheti and kapoor. Statistics for Management by Richard I. Levin & David S. Rubin Introduction of Statistics by T.R. Jain and V.K. Ohri
WEBOGRAPHY
WWW.google.co.in WWW.wikipedia.com
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A Research Methodology on Smoking Habits in Ahmedabad

K.S.SCHOOL OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

A Research Methodology on Smoking Habits in Ahmedabad

K.S.SCHOOL OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

A Research Methodology on Smoking Habits in Ahmedabad

SOME PEOPLE CONSIDER RESEARCH AS A MOVEMENT, A MOVEMENT FROM KNOWN TO UNKNOWN.

K.S.SCHOOL OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

A Research Methodology on Smoking Habits in Ahmedabad

K.S.SCHOOL OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

A Research Methodology on Smoking Habits in Ahmedabad

K.S.SCHOOL OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

A Research Methodology on Smoking Habits in Ahmedabad

K.S.SCHOOL OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

A Research Methodology on Smoking Habits in Ahmedabad

K.S.SCHOOL OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

A Research Methodology on Smoking Habits in Ahmedabad

K.S.SCHOOL OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

A Research Methodology on Smoking Habits in Ahmedabad

K.S.SCHOOL OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

A Research Methodology on Smoking Habits in Ahmedabad

A Research Methodology on Smoking Habits in Ahmedabad

K.S.SCHOOL OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

A Research Methodology on Smoking Habits in Ahmedabad

K.S.SCHOOL OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

A Research Methodology on Smoking Habits in Ahmedabad SECTION 2

K.S.SCHOOL OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

A Research Methodology on Smoking Habits in Ahmedabad

Comparison of age with smoking habits:

Smokers & Non Smokers as per Age

K.S.SCHOOL OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

A Research Methodology on Smoking Habits in Ahmedabad

Occupation and Smoking Habits:

Occupation and Smoking Habits

K.S.SCHOOL OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

A Research Methodology on Smoking Habits in Ahmedabad

Income and Smoking Habits:

Income and Smoking Habits

K.S.SCHOOL OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

A Research Methodology on Smoking Habits in Ahmedabad

No of Respondents (in %) 21% 15% 8% 15% 8% 7% 26% 100%

Wills Gold Flake Classic Four Square Bristol Malboro Others

K.S.SCHOOL OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

A Research Methodology on Smoking Habits in Ahmedabad

Smokers and Non Smokers:

Smokers Nonsmokers Total

Smokers / Non Smokers

The smokers in the research comprise of 56% of the people surveyed.

K.S.SCHOOL OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

A Research Methodology on Smoking Habits in Ahmedabad

Cigarettes smoked per day

K.S.SCHOOL OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

A Research Methodology on Smoking Habits in Ahmedabad

Below 5 years 5 to 10 years Above 10 years Total

K.S.SCHOOL OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

A Research Methodology on Smoking Habits in Ahmedabad

Monthly expenditure on smoking:

Below 500 500-1000 Above 1000 Total

Monthly expenditure on smoking

27% 50% 23%

K.S.SCHOOL OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

A Research Methodology on Smoking Habits in Ahmedabad

K.S.SCHOOL OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

P = 109 + 0.5(100) 5100 C = 89 + 0.5(100) 5100