Implementation of VUMAT

Wenhai Wang

Advisor : Dr. Antonios Zavaliangos

October 15th 2003

 UMAT & VUMAT
UMAT and VUMAT are the user subroutines for the
definition of USER based constitutive models

UMAT ABAQUS/Standard
--implicit time integration, must provide "material stiffness
matrix" for use in forming the Jacobian of the nonlinear
equilibrium equations;

VUMAT ABAQUS/Explicit
--Explicit time integration, not necessary forming the Jacobian
matrix.
 Where Does VUMAT “Fit” in
ABAQUS?
ABAQUS
X i (t ), Vi (t ), Fi (t ) Solving equations X i (t + ∆t )
of equilibrium
σ i (t )

Fi (t + ∆t )
VUMAT ∆ε i
σ i (t + ∆t )
Solving equations
of mechanics
 Why Is VUMAT Important?

ABAQUS
Stress at t time &
strain increment σ t , ∆ετ
SUBROUTINE
•ABAQUS constitutive library
is extensive BUT;
σ*
9Some models are missing;
trial stress:
update the stress
at t+dt time
using trial stress
σ (t + dt ) = σ *
9Some models are not flexible
YIELD
P(t + dt ) = P* CONDITION σ * , P* enough;
hydrostatic Pressure
& equivalent stress Example: Gurson Model
Combine the flow rule,
*POROUS METAL PLASTICITY, RELATIVE
Update the stress at t+dt time DENSITY=0.95
1. , 1. , 1.
VUMAT
•We can develop our models.
 Debug and Run a VUMAT
Input File: Subroutine (VUMAT):

ABAQUS Command:

C:\>abaqus job=test input=dpnodev user=vumat datacheck

C:\>abaqus job=test input=dpnodev user=vumat
 Structure of VUMAT
Elasticity σ (t + dt ) = σ (t ) + Lijkl (∆ε el ) Strain decomposition
= σ (t ) + Lijkl (∆ε − ∆ε pl )
= σ (t ) + Lijkl ∆ε − Lijkl ∆ε pl Flow rule
∂Φ 3 σ kl 1 ∂Φ
'
= σ (t + dt ) − Lijkl λ (
*
+ δ kl )
∂σ 2 σ 3 ∂P
Stress: σ (t )
Strain increment: ∆ε
σ (t + dt )

f (t ) f (t + dt )
State variables: ...
...
 An 1-D Example of UMAT
u (t )
u (t ); σ (t ) know

σ L ABAQUS:
1.Calculate u (t + dt ) from Boundary Conditions
u (t + dt ) − u (t )
σ (t ) ? 2.Strain increment ∆ε =
L

VUMAT:
ε ∆ε = ∆ε el + ∆ε pl
ε (t ) ε (t + dt ) = ε (t ) + ∆ε σ (t + dt ) − σ (t ) ∂Φ
∆ε = +λ
u E ∂σ 11
If λ = 0 , step is elastic;
If λ ≠ 0 , step is plastic;
t
 An 1-D Example of UMAT (cont.)
STEPI: Assume step is elastic
∆ε =
σ (t + dt ) − σ (t )
+λ
∂Φ σ (t + dt ) = σ (t ) + E∆ε
E ∂σ 11

If σ (t + dt ) > σ Y , Plastic. Go to STEP II;

If σ (t + dt ) < σ Y , Elastic. End and return to ABAQUS;
STEPII: Only if plastic
σ (t + dt ) − σ (t ) ∂Φ ∂Φ
∆ε = +λ σ (t + dt ) = σ (t ) + E∆ε − λ
E ∂σ 11 ∂σ 11
Plastic means σ (t + dt ) = σ Y
σ (t ) + E∆ε − σ Y
λ=
∂Φ / ∂σ 11
Problem is complex for 3D and complex models
Idea of The Algorithm

1
(σ ) ' (t + dt ) = (σ *)' (t + dt )
⎛ ∂Φ 1 ⎞
⎜ 1 + 3G λ ⎟
⎝ ∂σ σ ⎠
∂Φ
P(t + dt ) = P * (t + dt ) − Kλ
∂P
Yield Condtions
ELLIPSE MODEL

Φ (σ , p, D) = A( D)σ 2 + B( D) p 2 − 1 = 0
GURSON MODEL
σ2 3q p
Φ(σ , p, D) = + 2q1 (1 − D) cosh( 2 ) − (1 + q12 (1 − D) 2 ) = 0
σY 2 σY

CRITICAL STATE MODEL/CAM CLAY MODEL

σ 2 p
Φ (σ , p, f ) = A( f )( ) + B ( f )( − pcr ( f )) 2 − 1 = 0
σY σY
DRUCKER-PRAGER
Fs = σ − p tan β − d = 0
Fc = A( p − p a ) 2 + B( Rσ ) 2 − 1 = 0
Associated and Non-associated

Non-associated Associated
Outline of A Typical VUMAT
1. Trial stress: σ * (t + dt ) = σ (t ) + L * ∆ε
2. Check if Φ * ≤ 0 if yes, the new stress is equal to the trial stress:
σ (t + dt ) = σ * (t + dt )
if no, call VUMAT_SUBROUTINE
3. VUMAT Subroutine:
calculate the λ by using Newton-Raphson method

4. Update the new stress

1
(σ ) ' (t + dt ) = (σ *)' (t + dt )
⎛ ∂Φ 1 ⎞
⎜1 + 3Gλ ⎟
⎝ ∂σ σ ⎠
∂Φ
P (t + dt ) = P * (t + dt ) − Kλ
∂P
5. Return to ABAQUS
Difficulties & Disadvantages

¾Convergence of newton-raphson method;

¾Time step increment selection;

¾Time consuming.
 Single Element Compress
4
3

1 2

Initial geometry: Final geometry:

CPU Time:
ABAQUS : VUMAT = 00:00:04 : 00:00:10
S22

ABAQUS
VUMAT
VVF (Porosity)

ABAQUS
VUMAT
 Cylinder Compression
Initial geometry: Final geometry:

CPU Time:
ABAQUS : VUMAT = 00:08:15 : 01:25:04
If Purely elastic problem,
ABAQUS : VUMAT = 00:04:25 : 00:05:01
Most of the CPU time on VUMAT subroutine !
 S22

ABAQUS:

VUMAT:
 VVF

ABAQUS:

VUMAT:
 S22 at Selected Points
S22 at element15: S22 at element 1915:

ABAQUS
VUMAT
 VVF at Selected Points
VVF at element 30: VVF at element 801:

ABAQUS
VUMAT
 Rolling

ABAQUS:

VUMAT:

CPU Time:
ABAQUS : VUMAT = 00:58:04 : 06:04:23
RF2
ABAQUS
VUMAT
 Future Work
¾Implementation of the Drucker-Prager Model for Explicit;

¾Calibrate from the experimental data and derive the models;

¾Develop other models for powder compaction.