Article: Stainless steel fasteners

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Stainless steel fasteners

Introduction
Stainless steel fasteners are specified to BS EN ISO 3506. Part 1 covers bolts, screws and studs. Part 2 covers nuts. These specifications replace BS 6105. The latest edition was issued in 2009.

Chemical composition for austenitic stainless steel fasteners

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Austenitic Steel Group Steel Grade Grade A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 C1 C3 C4 F1 0.12 0.1 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.09-0.15 0.17-0.25 0.08-0.15 0.12 C

The chemical compositions of the various fastener grades are shown in Table 1. The approximate equivalent grades in other systems are shown for reference. The composition ranges are much wider in this standard than in the standards for the feedstock product, usually bar. Table 1 Chemical composition for austenitic stainless steel fasteners
Chemical Composition (% maxima unless stated) Si Mn P S Cr Mo Ni 1 6.5 0.2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 0.05 0.15/0.35 0.03 16-19 15-20 17-19 16-18.5 16-18.5 11.5-14 16-18 12-14 15-18 0.7 5 5 1

Cu 1.75-2.25 4 1 4 1 -

Notes
234 67 8 79 89 9

Alternative names 303S31, 303S42, 1.4305 304, 394S17 (BS 3111), 1.4301, 1.4567 321, 1.4541, 347, 1.4550 316, 1.4401, 1.4578 316Ti, 1.4571, 316Cb, 1.4580 410, 1.4006 431, 1.4057 416, 1.4005 430, 1.4016, 430Ti, 1.4520 430Cb, 1.4511

5-10 8-19 9-12

0.045 0.03 0.045 0.03 0.045 0.03 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.15-0.35 0.03

2-3 10-15 2-3 10.5-14 10

1 1.5-2.5

1 1.5 0.06 1 1 0.04

0.6 1 1

29 11 12

Notes 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Values are maximum unless otherwise indicated. Sulphur may be replaced by selenium. If the nickel content is below 8 %, the minimum manganese content shall be 5 %. There is no minimum limit to the copper content provided that the nickel content is greater than 8 %. Molybdenum may be present at the discretion of the manufacturer. However, if for some applications limiting of the molybdenum content is essential, this shall be stated at the time of ordering by the purchaser. If the chromium content is below 17 %, the minimum nickel content should be 12 %. For austenitic stainless steels having a maximum carbon content of 0,03 %, nitrogen may be present to a maximum of 0,22 %. Shall contain titanium 5 C up to 0,8 % maximum for stabilization and be marked appropriately in accordance with this table, or shall contain niobium (columbium) and/or tantalum 10 C up to 1,0 % maximum for stabilization and be marked appropriately in accordance with this table At the discretion of the manufacturer the carbon content may be higher where required in order to obtain the specified mechanical properties at larger diameters, but shall not exceed 0,12 % for austenitic steels. Molybdenum may be present at the discretion of the manufacturer. May contain titanium 5 C up to 0,8 % maximum. May contain niobium (columbium) and/or tantalum 10 C up to 1 % maximum.

9. 10. 11. 12.

Mechanical properties for stainless steel fasteners

Three 'property classes' are assigned to each of the austenitic stainless steel fastener grades. Table 2 shows the 0.2% proof stress, tensile strength and elongation values for each of these property classes. Table 2 Mechanical properties for austenitic stainless steel bolts, screws and studs
Tensile 0.2% Proof Elongation Property Strength Stress 1 2 Class R 1 min R A min mm m p0.2 MPa min MPa 500 700 800 210 450 600 0.6d 0.4d 0.3d

A1, A2, 50 A3, A4, 70 A5 80

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Article: Stainless steel fasteners

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that, the standard can still be used provided all parties agree that the properties can be achieved. The effect of these changes is to increase the maximum diameter on which the class 70 and 80 properties can be specified without discussion from 24 to 39 mm. This reflects the conservative nature of the previous 24 mm limit. Indeed, class 70 and 80 properties are available above 39 mm but this must always be discussed with the supplier. Property class 50 represents the steel in the annealed condition. The most common and readily available supply condition is property class 70, which represents a 'cold drawn' for the bar stock from which the fasteners are made. Property class 80 is based on severely hard cold drawn bar. Some fasteners, depending on size and grade, can be supplied in an "unofficial" class A100 condition, i.e. with a minimum tensile strength of 1000 MPa. Such a product is the Bumax 109. All tensile stress values are calculated and reported in terms of the nominal tensile stress area of the thread. The elongation measurement is determined on the actual bolt or screw length and not on a prepared test piece. It is expressed in millimetres (mm) of extension and not as percentage elongation, i.e. A = (L 2 - L1) (where L 1 = original length and L2 = length after fracture) d = nominal diameter of bolt, screw or stud

Table 3 Mechanical properties for bolts, screws and studs Martensitic and ferritic steel grades
0.2% Tensile Proof Hardness Strength Elongation Stress 2 Steel Property R 1 1 A min grade class R m p0.2 mm min HB HRC HV min MPa MPa 50 500 250 0.2 d 147/209 155/220 700 410 0.2 d 209/314 20/34 220/330 C1 70 C3 C4 Ferritic F1
4

Steel group

Martensitic

110 80 50 70 45 60

1100 800 500 700 450 600

820 640 250 410 250 410

0.2 d 0.2 d 0.2 d 0.2 d 0.2 d 0.2 d

228/323 147/209 209/314 128/209 171/271

36/45 350/440 21/35 240/340 155/220 20/34 220/330 135/220 180/285

1. 2. 3. 4.

The tensile stress is calculated on the stress area To be determined on the actual screw length and not on a prepared test piece Hardened and tempered at a minimum tempering temperature of 275 C Nominal thread diameter d 24 mm

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