Civil Engineering Analysis and Modelling (CIVL3140)

Drained:
Water is assumed to immediately flow out upon loading and therefore no pore pressure are built up. This is appropriate when Permeability is high; Rate of loading is low; Short term behaviour is not interest for problem considered.

Undrained:
No water movement takes place and therefore pore pressure are built up. This is appropriate when: Permeability is low and rate of loading is high; Short term behaviour has to be assessed.

Load water is squeezed out over long time

q kPa

A
saturated clay

settlement

GL

time
u

q
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Mohr-Coulomb parameters in terms of effective stress

Mohr-Coulomb parameters in terms of total stress (only undrained condition)

Method A: Analysis in terms of effective stress

Type of material: undrained Effective strength parameter c, , Effective stiffness parameter E50,

Method B: Analysis in terms of effective stress

Type of material: undrained Total strength parameter c=cu =0, =0 Effective stiffness parameter E50,

Method C (Analysis in terms of total stress)

Type of material: drained Total strength parameters c=cu =0, =0 Total stiffness parameters Eu, u=0.495
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Single set of parameters in terms of effective stress; Realistic prediction of pore pressures; The undrained analysis can be followed by a consolidation analysis; Cu is consequence of the model, not an input parameter.

Undrained A: limitation of MC model

Bending moment Undrained A (MC)

Undrained B (MC)

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Parameters in terms of total stress and effective stress; Prediction of pore pressures;(generally unrealistic); The undrained analysis should not be followed by a consolidation analysis (pore pressure unrealistic) Cu is an input parameter.

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Parameters in terms of total stress No prediction of pore pressure. The undrained analysis cannot be followed by a consolidation analysis. Cu is an input parameter.

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Method A
Recommended, but be careful with MC model; Soil behaviour is always governed by effective stresses; Increase of shear strength during consolidation; Essential for exploiting advanced soil model, such as hardening soil model;

Method B
Only when no information on effective strength parameters is available; Maybe a safer choice than Method A;

Method C
Not recommended; No information on excess pore pressure.

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Hardening soil model

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