Sun Solaris Command Tips All commands are specific to Sun Solaris operating system UNIX backups/Restore Commands

to take backup of /usr /var /lib directories to tape and disk using "tar" ANS: a) tar -cvf /dev/rmt/0 /usr /var /lib [Taking into tape ] b) tar -cvf backup_file.tar /usr /var /lib [ Taking disk image] Taking backup to a tape device attached to a remote system ANS: a) tar -cv /var /usr /lib | rsh remote_hostname dd of=/dev/rm/0 obs=128 b) ufsdump 0ucf remote_hostname:/dev/rmt/0 /file_system Extracting / Restore the contents of a tape /tar file ANS: a) tar -xvf /dev/rmt/0 [ restore contents of a tar tape ] b) tar -xvf filename.tar [ Restore contents of a tar file ] c) ufsrestore f /dev/rmt/0 filename [Restore from ufsdump tape backup] d) ufsrestore rf remote_hostname:/dev/rmt/0 filename [ Restore from remote host tape device ] List contents of backup ANS: a) tar -tvf /dev/rmt/0 [ List contents of a tar tape ] b) tar -tvf filename.tar [ List contents of a tar file ] c) ufsrestore tf /dev/rmt/0 [ list contents of a tape of ufsdump] Processes and Processor What are the types of priority classes supported by Solaris ? ANS: timesharing, system and reat-time How will you place a running process in real time class? ANS: priocntl -s c RT I uid process_id_number How will you start a process in real time class? ANS : priocntl c RT e process_name How will you bind a process to processor ? Ans: pbind b processor_no process_id Network

What is the pocket size used by SQL*NET Version 2 on Solaris Ans : Default is 2K What is the procket size used by network layer TCP/IP in SQL*NET v2? Ans : Default 1K Inter process communication (IPC) tuning What is post wait driver ? The post wait driver reduces the overhead incurred by the more expensive use of semaphore operation for interprocess communication. Memory What is the kernel parameter which controls the UNIX buffer cache on solaris ? Ans : bufhwm ( bufhwm is the maximum amount of physical memory, in kilobytes that can be used by I/O buffers) While starting an oracle process , the unix system displays an erro message like "Cannot allocate more shared memory segment for the processes" If oracle person approaches you, how will you fix this problem? ANS: increase the value for kernel memory parameter "set semsys:seminfo_semmns" in /etc/system file. [ this is a blind way] System configurations How do you find out total RAM installed on your machine Ans: $prtconf |grep size How do you find no. of processors installed on your sun box and processing speed? Ans: $psrinfo v How do you find out how many disks are available on your system? Ans: $ format (for sysadmins) $ iostat E (for users count only the disks which has disk size correctly) System Boot Options How do you boot sun box in single user mode? ANS: At ok prompt type "boot -s" [ ok boot -s OR ok boot -1 OR ok boot -S ] What are the commands to shutdown the system? ANS: shutdown, init , halt, reboot

Devices What is the meaning of logical name of a disk drive format like c0t0d0s0? ANS: c0 - Controller number t0 - SCSI bus target number d0 - Disk number s0 - Partition or slice number List some of the main device types? ANS: /dev/dsk - Disk devices /dev/rdsk - Raw or character devices /dev/rmt - Tape devices /dev/term - Serial line devices /dev/pts - Pseudo terminals List commands to display physical devices ? ANS: prtconf Sysdef Dmesg sysinfo

Thoughtful Solutions Creatively Implemented and Communicated http://www.thoughtful-solutions.info/ Basic Solaris Commands Quick Reference Card Conventions <CR> RETURN key <ESC> ESCAPE key <DEL> DELETE key <Ctrl-X> press <Control> key and type x italics items to be replaced by your own requirements Shell Commands passwd Change password logout End terminal session File Hierarchy cd dir1 Change to directory dir1 l s List files in directory l s -List files in detail l

mkdir dir1 Create new directory dir1 rmdir dir1 Remove directory dir1 cp f1 f2 Copy file f1 to f2 mv f1 [f2] dir1 Move files f1 to fn to directory dir1 mv dir1 dir2 Rename directory dir1 as dir2 rm filename Delete (remove) file filename ln file1 name Create a hard link to file1 called name ln - s file1 name Create a soft link to file1 called name pwd Show path to current directory Getting Help man name Show man page for command name man - k subject Show man pages relating to subject man - s# subject Show man page relating to subject in section number # man - s# In t r oShow introductory man page for section # File types and Listing f i l efilename Classify the file str i ngs filename Show any ASCII strings in a file cat filename Display contents of file to STDOUT more filename Display contents of file one screenful at a time head filename Display first 10 lines of file head -n filename Display first n lines of file ta i lfilename Display last 10 lines of file ta i l-n filename Display last n lines of file ta i l filename Recursively display last 10 lines of -f file cut Extract character or fields from text wc filename Count lines, words and characters in file di f ff1 f2 Find differences between two files di f f 3f1 f2 f3 Find differences between 3 files sor t filename Sort file alphabetically by first letter uniq Report or filter out repeated lines Redirection STDIN Standard Input, typically the keyboard STDOUT Standard Output, typically the screen STDERR Standard Error, where errors are sent. Typically the screen comm > file Output of comm creates file comm < file Contents of file used as input to comm comm 2> filename Error messages from comm sent to file comm >> filename Output from comm appended to file cat file <<EOF Create a document called file data containing data

EOF comm1 | comm2 Output from comm1 used as input to comm2 mkfifo name Create a named pipe called name mknod name p Create a named pipe called name File Security chmod mode filename Change security settings on file chown user [:group] filename Change owner [and owning group] of file chgrp group filename Change owning group of file umask mode Set default creation permissions Symbolic modes Mode Meaning Mode Meaning u user r read g group w write o other x execute a all u+s setuid = assign g+s setgid + add +t sticky bit - remove Octal modes Base directory mode is 777. Base file mode is 666 user group other rwxrwxrwx 421421421 777 Shell Wildcards Metacharacter Meaning * Any character ? Any single character [ ] A range of characters This work is licensed under the Creative Commons AttributionShareAlike License. To view a copy of this license, visit http: / / c r ea t i vecommons.org/ l i c enses /by - sa/2 .0

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View Answer View Answer What is the big difference between /dev/dsk and /dev/rdsk

What are the main differences between solaris 10 and 9? What would a XIR signal do to a server and why would it be used? What is sticky bit in Solaris? What is the big difference between /dev/dsk and /dev/rdsk What software install group do you need to select in order to load the compilers? Back to Sun Solaris OS Interview Questions and Answers page Question : What file controls global variables for system wide values for the Bourne Shell? Is it legal to have static initializer blocks in EJB? How can we find RAM size in solaris server ? Which NFS daemons are found on the NFS server? The NVRAM is also soldered to the main logic board or motherboard. When using the admintool, the membership list for groups is separated by what? Which obp command has a premenent allais? How would you find out what kernel parameter SHMMAX is set to by one command? I have a couple of questions. 1) If in solaris 8 one server has more than one network interface cards, how do you determine which is primary? 2)In solaris 8 how do you determine how many Ram cards exist in a server and in which slots are they inserted? What is diffrence between Process and Daemon? How to find 32 or 64 bit system instances of OS?

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How do you determin which Run Level the sytem is running What is "Piping"?

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Posted by: Vincent Contact Vincent Single User mode: Single user mode is for trouble shooting purpose, in this mode only root user can login to the system. Multi User Mode: In this mode apart from root user other user can also login to the system and they can access resources and applications of the system.

Posted by: Basha Contact Basha Single user Solaris OS single-user mode with critical file systems mounted and accessible, Maintenance Only root user can access. Multi user The system is supporting multiuser operations. Multiple users can access the system. All system daemons are running except for the Network File System (NFS) server and some other network resource server related daemons.

Posted by: C. ANTHONY FRANCIS Contact C. ANTHONY FRANCIS In multiuser mode NFS server & client services are available whereas in single user mode, no NFS service is available and only root filesystem is available.

Posted by: parag pisolkar Contact parag pisolkar Single user mode is the maintenance mode where only systems critical files are mounted. Multiuser mode is running the server with full network services including NFS.

Posted by: Rahul Agarwal Contact Rahul Agarwal Single User Mod or Run Level s or S, Solaris OS single-user mode with critical file systems mounted and accessible. Multi User Mode or Run Level 3, The system is supporting multiuser operations and has NFS resource sharing and other network resource servers available. Main difference between these two level is as follows. 1). Network Services will not work in Single user mode. 2). Network Services will work in Multi user mode.

Posted by: Farhan A Azam Contact Farhan A Azam

1. Single usermode ; Is used for Administrative activities. 2, Mukti user mode ; is used for normal operations means running any applications, database etc.

Posted by: G.Umakanth Contact G.Umakanth In single user mode , all the system services will not be available such as NFS and other services,moreover only a single user can login at a time, where as in multiuser mode all the services will be available including NFS and multiple users can log in at a time. In single user mode the run level is S where as in multiuser mode the runlevel is 3

Posted by: nawazhussain Contact nawazhussain In single user mode it is possible to maintin the system or trouble shooting the system.

Posted by: sv suresh Contact sv suresh single user mode is an administrative mode . the root user only can login. it is also known as maintenance mode. multiuser mode is default mode in solaris bcoz all services available in this mode. from singleusermode we cannot communicate network machines.but from multiusermode we communicate over the network.

Posted by: premnivas Contact premnivas In single user, critical file system will be mounted and where as multi user mode we can access nfs and it is default run level.

Posted by: Raja Rajan Contact Raja Rajan In single user mode we can perform administrative tasks and it is maintenance mode. Multi user mode runs the server with full network and services including nfs

Posted by: fazal Contact fazal Single usermode ; Is used for Administrative activities. 2, Mukti user mode ; is used for normal operations means running any applications, database etc.

Posted by: wadood Contact wadood Single user mode use to perform the administrative task,we can only access the local file system, Multi usermod is the defult login mode so we can access all local as well as network file file system,

Main difference is that Network Services will not work in Single user mode. Network Serviceses will work in Multi user mode.

Posted by: Sameer Patil Contact Sameer Patil single user mode: In this only root user can login to the system and critical file systems are mounted. This can be used for trouble shooting purpose.IN this NFS not working. Multi user mode: This is run level 3. In apart from root user other users also login and access the file systems including NFS. #who -r ----> this command shows we are in which run level

Solaris interview questions By admin | April 24, 2005

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List the files in current directory sorted by size ? - ls -l | grep ^- | sort -nr List the hidden files in current directory ? - ls -a1 | grep "^\." Delete blank lines in a file ? - cat sample.txt | grep -v ^$ > new_sample.txt Search for a sample string in particular files ? - grep Debug *.confHere grep uses the string Debug to search in all files with extension.conf under current directory. 5. Display the last newly appending lines of a file during appendingdata to the same file by some processes ? - tail f Debug.logHere tail shows the newly appended data into Debug.log by some processes/user. 6. Display the Disk Usage of file sizes under each directory in currentDirectory ? - du -k * | sort nr (or) du k . | sort -nr 7. Change to a directory, which is having very long name ? - cd CDMA_3X_GEN*Here original directory name is CDMA_3X_GENERATION_DATA . 8. Display the all files recursively with path under current directory ? - find . -depth -print 9. Set the Display automatically for the current new user ? - export DISPLAY=`eval who am i | cut -d"(" -f2 | cut -d")" -f1`Here in above command, see single quote, double quote, grave ascent is used. Observe carefully. 10. Display the processes, which are running under yourusername ? - ps aef | grep MaheshvjHere, Maheshvj is the username. 11. List some Hot Keys for bash shell ? - Ctrl+l Clears the Screen. Ctrl+r Does a search in previously given commands in shell. Ctrl+u - Clears the typing before the hotkey. Ctrl+a Places cursor at the beginning of the command at shell. Ctrl+e Places cursor at the end of the command at shell. Ctrl+d Kills the shell. Ctrl+z Places the currently running process into background. 12. Display the files in the directory by file size ? - ls ltr | sort nr k 5

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How to save man pages to a file ? - man <command> | col b > <output-file>Example : man top | col b > top_help.txt 14. How to know the date & time for when script is executed ? - Add the following script line in shell script.eval echo "Script is executed at `date`" >> timeinfo.infHere, timeinfo.inf contains date & time details ie., when script is executed and history related to execution. 15. How do you find out drive statistics ? - iostat -E 16. Display disk usage in Kilobytes ? - du -k 17. Display top ten largest files/directories ? - du -sk * | sort -nr | head 18. How much space is used for users in kilobytes ? - quot -af 19. How to create null file ? - cat /dev/null > filename1 20. Access common commands quicker ? - ps -ef | grep -i $@ 21. Display the page size of memory ? - pagesize -a 22. Display Ethernet Address arp table ? - arp -a 23. Display the no.of active established connections to localhost ? - netstat -a | grep EST 24. Display the state of interfaces used for TCP/IP traffice ? - netstat -i 25. Display the parent/child tree of a process ? - ptree <pid> Example: ptree 1267 26. Show the working directory of a process ? - pwdx <pid> Example: pwdx 1267 27. Display the processes current open files ? - pfiles <pid> Example: pfiles 1267 28. Display the inter-process communication facility status ? - ipcs 29. Display the top most process utilizing most CPU ? - top b 1 30. Alternative for top command ? - prstat -a 6 Coll Interview:

Partition sizes can be set manually or from what configuration? what command do you run after modifying the aliases file make the chages active ? how do enable logging on a UFS filesystem? What is the difference between a probe-scsi and a probe-scsi-all? What field will cause the message Your password has expired to be displayed to the user? How many cpus we can connect to a spark machine in Solaris? Search for a sample string in particular files?

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Explain about kadmin command? What command enables a printer?

Answer Which of the following can be an appropriate name for a cluster? What would a XIR signal do to a server and why would it be used? Display the last newly appending lines of a file during appendingdata to the same file by some processes ? Explain about the command ls? View Answer View Answer View Answer View Answer View Answer View Answer View Answer View Answer

What is sticky bit? What file controls global variables for system wide values for the Bourne Shell? What is after the VTOC on the root filesystem? In order to save a template in /etc/format.dat, what two steps must occur? What flag used with patchadd will prevent a later back out by preventing patchadd from backing up files? If this flag is used, the patch cannot be removed. How to restore a corrupted file system or trouble shoot bad super blocks for a FS c0t2d0s5 How would you find out what version of Solaris is currently running? What is difference between Process and Daemon in Solaris?

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