CASE STUDIES Host Street, Bristol Architect and lighting designer: Jeremy Johnson-Marshall Client: Kinneir Dufort Design

Ltd. The majority of the Case Studies are examples of new buildings, where the day li ghting strategy has been one of the important determinants of the design. In the case of Host Street, this was an existing nineteenth century listed industrial building, where new use demanded additional floor space in the roof which had seen no daylight. In the nineteenth century cane sugar had been processed on the pla ntations and sent to England as crude molasses, where it was refined. Host Stree t is a typical industrial building erected for this purpose, adjoining the docks in the center of the city. It has cast iron columns supporting heavy timber flo ors, and had been converted into offices, studios and prototyping workshops for a firm of industrial designers. The top floor however was limited by 1.7m headroom below heavy roof trusses, and to gain the extra space required it was decided to remove the existing roof and to raise it, allowing the addition of an extra floor. This created the opportun ity, indeed the necessity, to consider the entry of natural light to the newly created floor areas. The method adopted can be seen in the ac companying plans and sections. The new roof matched the old at the front, but a glazed gable was included at the rear, allowing daylight to penetrate to the new floor areas. The proposals permitted better daylight to the new areas than that available to those below. Due to the listed nature of the buildings, these dramatic changes w ere the subject of long discussions, but the final results have achieved a worki ng commercial building retaining its open industrial spaces. A series of photographs taken on completion of the project clearly illustrate th e quality of the spaces, and the success of the day lighting strategy adopted. W ithout the careful consideration of the natural lighting adopted this project wo uld have been untenable. The Defense Procurement Agency is responsible for purchasing equipment for the a rmed services, and was originally housed in sites widely dispersed throughout th e country. In 1992 the MOD took possession of a 98-acre site near Bristol, with the aim of creating a totally self-sustaining office campus to house 5500 staff together with all the ancillary accommodation, to include car parking, technical library, storage, simultaneous interpretation, lecture and conference facilitie s, sports, training, catering and a 100 place crche, resulting in a complex of 1. 3 million sq.ft., one of the largest office developments in Europe. The scheme d esign resulted from a cooperative effort between all the design disciplines, in which the following key elements were identified, Occupant performance Day lighting Views Ventilation VDT use throughout Energy consumption Life cycle costs Although this list is not said to be in any order of priority, it is clear that the role to be played by day lighting, tied in as it is with energy, views, vent ilation and occupant satisfaction was considered to be of first importance. With some 20,000m2 of office glazing it was necessary to ensure that the elemental w indow design was both energy efficient and cost effective, whilst satisfying the needs of the occupants. The type of glazing to be used was thoroughly investiga ted, with ten systems modeled in full annual weather conditions. The final choic e rested on a system of triple glazing, with opening lights for ventilation, pro viding an approximate percentage glazing of 40 per cent of the external wall are a. Solar control is by internal blinds incorporated in the triple glazing. The u

se of external brise soleil was outweighed by their capital, maintenance and rep lacement costs. It was shown that interplane blinds were more desirable in achievi ng enhanced performance and a reduction in cleaning. The type of glass used was c lear, designed to enhance the importance of the view out; which also reduced the contrast between open and closed windows; and whilst some of the high tech glass es, such as specialist coated or tinted glass, were investigated, it was felt th at their long term viability had not been sufficiently established. The section through a typical four-storey office block with its central street shows that no -one is more than 6.5m away from a window, and the impression within the offices is one of natural light. The quantity of daylight available is automatically li nked to the level of artificial lighting by the use of intelligent light fittings, allowing considerable savings in electricity, and a consequent reduction in CO2 production. Using 350 lux as a standard, it has been established that on averag e only 36 per cent of the artificial lighting is required during the day. The in stalled load is 16watts/m2.