Health Issue Studied: Oral Health Tooth Sensitivity Reasons for Choice: A recent dental survey by Sensodyne has

s found that one in two Singaporeans suffers from tooth sensitivity. Thus, purpose of this survey is to find out the number of students who have tooth sensitivity problems and gain better understanding of the reasons that might be causing this. http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/1186041/1/.html Population Size: 50 people (sampling frame is at the back) Sample Size: 20 people Quota Sampling Sample Size: 20 people Subgroups Required: Gender Female 10 Total: 20 Selection Results: Age Group Gender 14 2 males 3 females 15 3 males 2 females 16 3 males 2 females 17 2 males 3 females Male 10 Age-Group 14 15 5 5 20 16 5 17 5

1. We determine the criteria that we need first for the survey, as depicted above in 1st table. 2. The population is divided into mutually exclusive subgroups: gender and age group. 3. We carry out the interview and choose the people to be surveyed based on the criteria stated above, as depicted in the 1st table. The sample however is non-random. 4. The results of our selection is as depicted in the 2nd Table.

Stratified Sampling Steps: Based on our sampling frame: No. of Females No. of Males

38 12 In total, there are 50 people in the population. Therefore, for our sampling frame: Number of females to be surveyed = (38/50) X 20 = 15 Number of males to be surveyed = (12/50) X 20 =5 1. Based on the break-down of the gender in our sampling frame, we can randomly select __15____ girls and ___5___ boys to complete the survey by doing a simple random sampling within each gender type. 2. This can be done by arranging the females and males separately in our sampling frame according to alphabetical order, giving them numbers from 1 to 38 and 1 to 12, for females and males respectively. 3. We can then use the Random Number Generator in our GC, to randomly pick 5 males and 15 females. 4. After picking out the people to be surveyed, we will have them complete the survey form. Results:

Do you have tooth sensitivity problems?

35% 65% Yes Girls

Quota Sampling

Do you have tooth sensitivity problems?

40% 60%

Yes No

Stratified Sampling

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Do you have Do you drink sensitive sweet drinks teeth? more than twice a day? Do you know Do you the proper practise the technique to proper brush your technique to teeth? brush your teeth?

Boys Girls

Those who have answered Yes to the respective questions

Bar graph for quota sampling

16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0
Do you have Do you drink sensitive sweet drink teeth? more than twice a day? Do you know Do you the proper practise the technique to proper brush your technique to teeth? brush your teeth?

Boys Girls

Those who have answered Yes to the respective questions

Bar Graph for Stratified Sampling.

Sample Mean:

The sample mean is a statistic commonly used to estimate the mean of a population. It is an unbiased estimator of the population mean and is the average from a set of data. In our case, sample mean would mean the average number of times people (from our sample) drink sweet drinks daily. For quota sampling: To find out the average number of times people drink sweet drinks daily: In total 45/20 = 2.25 2.00 (nearest whole number)

In the sample, the average number of times people drink coke daily is 2 times. For stratified sampling: In Total: 53/20 = 2.65 3 (nearest whole number)

We can thus infer that people drink sweet drinks at least 2 times daily, which could be the reason why people suffer from tooth sensitivity issues. Conclusion: Based on the sample mean, most of the population drinks sweet drinks at least 2 times daily. Thus, this could be the reason as to why some people in the population are suffering from tooth sensitivity issues as acidic food can result in tooth sensitivity.1 The advantage of conducting stratified sampling are that the results can be analysed separately, enabling convenience and gives more accurate estimates. It also ensures a good coverage of our population as it represents the population accurately. However, it has certain disadvantages as it is difficult to identify the appropriate strata and it can be time consuming as it requires for the sampling frame to be complete and updated. The advantage of conducting quota sampling is that is allows for us to collect the information faster since it does not require sampling frame. However, it has certain disadvantages as it is not a good representation of the population as a whole as the data is not representative of the population proportionately. The method may be bias as we are allowed to choose our own people to survey, and we might choose those who are easier and more willing to be surveyed.
1

From: http://www.crestprohealth.com/dental-hygiene-topics/teeth-sensitivity/acidic-foods.aspx

One-third of 700 dentists surveyed by the Academy of General Dentistry say that acidic foods and beverages are the single most prevalent contributors to sensitive teeth