Code No: V3109/R07

Set No:1

III B.Tech I Semester Regular & Supplementary Examinations, November 2011 ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENTS (Electrical and Electronics Engineering) Time: 3 Hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks ***** 1. a) Explain the principle of working of a repulsion type moving iron instrument with a neat diagram? b) Discuss the various errors in moving iron instruments and suggest methods to compensate these errors. [8+8] 2. a) Draw and explain the equivalent circuit and phasor diagram of a potential transformer. b) A potential transformer with a nominal ratio of 2000/100V, an RCF of 0.995 and a phase angle (Vs lags Vp) of 25min is used with a current transformer with a nominal ratio of 100/5A, an RCF of 1.005 and a phase angle error (Is leads Ip) of 10min to measure the power in a single phase inductive load. The meters connected to these transformers give correct readings of 1.02V, 4A and 375watts. Determine the true values of the voltage, current and power supplied to the load. [8+8] 3. a) Explain different types of Electrostatic instruments with a neat diagram and principle of operation b) Explain the working of Quadrant type Electrometer with a neat diagram [8+8] 4. a) Explain the constructional details of 3- energy meter. b) A correctly adjusted, single phase, 220V Induction watt hour meter has a meter constant of 585 rev per Kwh. Determine the speed of the disc, for a current of 10 A at a power factor of 0.85 power factor lagging. If the lag adjustment is altered so that the phase angle between voltage flux and applied voltage is 750. Calculate the error introduced at i) unity p.f ii) 0.5 p.f lagging. [8+8] 5. a) Explain how an unknown voltage can be measured by using a polar type potentiometer? b) Calculate the inductance of a coil from the following measurement on an a.c. potentiometer. Voltage drop across a 0.1 standard resistor connected in series with the coil = 0.613 120 6. Voltage across the test coil through a 100/1 volt-ratio box = 0.781 500 48.V. Frequency is 50 Hz. [10+6]

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Code No: V3109/R07

Set No:1

6. a) Name the different methods used for measurement of medium resistances. Explain any one method to measure medium resistance with accuracy using a neat diagram? b) A voltmeter of resistance 500 and a milliammeter of 1 resistance are used to measure a resistance by Ammeter-Voltmeter method. If the Voltmeter reads 20V and milli-Ammeter100 mA, calculate the value of measured resistance. i) If the Voltmeter is put across the resistance and the milli-Ammeter connected in series with the unknown resistance. ii) If the voltmeter is put across the resistance with ammeter connected on the supply side. [8+8] 7. a) In a Maxwells inductance comparison bridge arm ab consists of a coil with inductance L1and resistance r1 in series with a non inductive resistance R. Arm bc and ad are each of non inductive resistances of 100 each. Arm ad consists of standard variable inductor L of resistance 32.7. Balance is obtained when L2=47.8mH and R=1.36. Find resistance and inductance of the coil in arm ab. b) Explain why Maxwells inductance capacitance bridge is useful for measurement of inductance of coils having storage factors between 1 and 10. What is the bridge used for high factor coils. [8+8] 8. a) Why are magnetic measurements more in accurate than other types of measurements? b) Why is a ballistic galvanometer usually light damped? c) How does a flux meter differ from ballistic galvanometer? d) Flux measurement using flux meter. *****

[3+3+5+5]

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Code No: V3109/R07

Set No:2

III B.Tech I Semester Regular & Supplementary Examinations, November 2011 ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENTS (Electrical and Electronics Engineering) Time: 3 Hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks ***** 1. a) Explain the working of a universal shunt used for multi range Ammeters. Derive the expressions for resistances of different sections of a universal shunt used for a 3 range Ammeter b) A basic D Arsonval meter movement with an internal resistance Rm =100 and a full scale current of Im = 1 mA is to be converted in to a multi range dc Voltmeter with ranges of 0-50 V,0-250 V and 0-500V. Find the values of various resistances using the potential divider arrangement [8+8] 2. a) Obtain the differences between current transformer and potential transformer. b) What are the major sources of errors in current transformers? Explain them in detail. c) Draw the equivalent circuit of current transformer. [5+5+6] 3. a) Explain with a neat sketch, the working of Weston synchroscope. b) Explain with a neat sketch the construction and working of Reed frequency meter [8+8] 4. a) Explain the working of a Trivector meter with a neat diagram b) An energy meter is designed to make 100 revolutions of disc for one unit of energy. Calculate the number of revolutions made by it when connected to load carrying 40 amps at 230 volts and 0.4 power factor for an hour. If it actually makes 360 revolutions, find the percentage error. [8+8] 5. a) Draw the circuit diagram of a basic slide wire d.c. potentiometer. Explain its working? b) A single range potentiometer has a 18 step dial switch where each step represents 0.1V, the dial resistors are 10. The slide wire of the potentiometer is circular and has 11 turns and a resistance of 11 each. The slide wire has 100 divisions and interpolation can be done to one fourth of a division. The working battery has a voltage of 6 volts and negligible internal resistance. Calculate: i) the measuring range of potentiometer ii) the resolution iii) working current and iv) setting of rheostat. [8+8] 6. Explain the loss of charge method for measuring high resistance with a neat sketch. Mention the Possible errors and suggest methods to minimize these. [16]

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Code No: V3109/R07

Set No:2

7. The a.c. bridge shown in figure is used to measure an unknown inductance Lx, that has inherent resistance Rx. The bridge parameters are R1 = 20,000, R2 = 50,000, C2 = 0.003 F, = 106 rad/s. C1 is adjustable from 10pF to 150pF, and R4 is adjustable from 0 to 10,000. i) Derive expressions for Rx and Lx in terms of , R1, R2, R4, C1 and C2 ii) Determine the largest values of Rx and Lx that are measurable with the given parameters [16]
C2 R2 Rx Lx

R4 C1

8. Derive an expression for equation of motion of a ballistic galvanometer with a neat sketch [16] *****

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Code No: V3109/R07

Set No:3

III B.Tech I Semester Regular & Supplementary Examinations, November 2011 ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENTS (Electrical and Electronics Engineering) Time: 3 Hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks ***** 1. a) Explain the use of a shunt with respect to a PMMC instrument. How it is employed in extending the range of an Ammeter? b) With a neat circuit diagram explain how temperature effect is corrected in the shunts [8+8] 2. a) Explain with the aid of a phasor diagram the error caused by the inductance of the pressure coil of a dynamometer wattmeter. Indicate the dependence of the error on load power factor and supply frequency. b) A 500v, 20A dynamometer instrument is used as a wattmeter. Its current coil has 0.1 resistance and pressure coil has 25k resistance and 0.1H inductance. The meter was calibrated on dc supply. What is the error in the instrument if it is used to measure the power in a circuit with supply voltage 500v, load current 24A at 0.2 power factor. Assume that the pressure coil is connected across the load. [8+8] 3. a) What are electrostatic instruments? Explain the basic principle over which they operate? b) Explain with a neat diagram of a Repulsion type Electrostatic instrument [8+8] 4. a) What is creeping? How can it be prevented? b) A correctly adjusted, single phase, 240V Induction watt hour meter has a meter constant of 600 rev per Kwh. Determine the speed of the disc, for a current of 10 A at a power factor of 0.8 power factor lagging. If the lag adjustment is altered so that the phase angle between voltage flux and applied voltage is 860. Calculate the error introduced at i) unity p.f ii) 0.5 p.f lagging. [6+10] 5. a) Explain the working of a vibration galvanometer with a neat sketch b) Following readings were obtained when a polar potentiometer was used to measure power in a circuit: Voltage across a 0.2 ohm standard resistance in series with load=1.46320 volts. Voltage across a 200:1 potential divider across the line=1.37 560 volts. Estimate the power and power factor of the load. [8+8]

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Code No: V3109/R07

Set No:3

6. a) Why is Kelvins double bridge superior to the wheat-stone bridge for the purpose of low resistance measurement? b) How the difficulties associated with the measurement of a very high resistance are over come? c) How the effects of contact resistance and resistance of the connecting leads are eliminated in the measurement of resistance by Kelvins double bridge? d) Why is the Voltmeter-Ammeter method unsuitable for the precise measurement of the low resistance? [4x4] 7. a) A sheet of bakelite 4.5mm thick is tested at 50Hz between electrodes 0.12m in diameter. The Schering bridge employs a standard air capacitor C2 of 106 PF capacitance. A non- reactive resistance R4 of 318 in parallel with a variable capacitor C4, and a non-reactive variable resistance R3. Balance is obtained with C4=0.5 F and R2=260. Calculate relative permittivity of sheet. b) In a Heaviside Campbell bridge as shown in the figure below, for the measurement of a self inductance L2 with the equal ratios i.e. R3=R4 the following results were obtained. With switch open M=15.8mH, r=25.7 and with switch close M=0.2mH and r=1.2. Find the resistance and self inductance of the coil. [8+8]

8. a) Why are ring specimens preferred over rods or strips for magnetic testing? b) Explain with the help of a neat diagram, a method for the determination of B-H curve of a magnetic sample. Explain the various sources of errors and the methods of minimizing them? [6+10] *****

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Code No: V3109/R07

Set No:4

III B.Tech I Semester Regular & Supplementary Examinations, November 2011 ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENTS (Electrical and Electronics Engineering) Time: 3 Hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks ***** 1. a) Explain the constructional details of PMMC instrument with a neat sketch. b) Explain why PMMC instruments are the most widely used instruments? Explain their advantages and disadvantages. [8+8] 2. a) Explain the construction and theory of operation of a single phase electrodynamometer type wattmeter. b) A certain circuit takes 10A at 200V and the power absorbed is 1000W. If the watt meters current coil has a resistance of 0.15 and its pressure coil a resistance of 5000 and an inductance of 0.3H, find (i) the error due to the resistance for each of the two possible methods of connection; (ii) the error due to the inductance if the frequency is 50Hz; (iii) total error in each case. [8+8] 3. a) Show that the power in a 3-phase system is measured by the use of i) Only one watt meter and ii) Two watt meters. Indicate how the power is determined. Comment on the accuracy of the measurements when the load is unbalanced and the supply is a four-wire system. b) Two watt meters used to measure the power input in a 3-phase circuit indicate 1000w and 500w respectively. Find the power factor of the circuit. i) When both watt meters readings are positive ii) When the latter is obtained by reversing the current coil connections. [10+6] 4. a) Explain the testing of energy meter using R.S.S. meter. b)The meter constant of a 230, 10A, watt our meter is 1800 revolutions per Kwh. The meter is tested at half load and rated voltage and unity power factor. The meter is found to make 80 revolutions in 138 second. Determine the meter error at half load. [8+8] 5. a) Explain the Standardization procedure of d.c. cropmtons potentiometer. b) Explain how potentiometer is employed in measuring resistance, power and calibration of Wattmeter.

[8+8]

6. Explain what do you mean by low, medium and high resistances? Suggest various suitable methods for measuring them giving justification. Explain any one method to measure a low resistance with accuracy using a neat diagram? [16]

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Code No: V3109/R07

Set No:4

7. a) What are the limitations of L.V. schering bridge? b) Define dissipation factor? Derive the equation for dissipation factor in case of L.V. Schering Bridge? c) In a Low-voltage Schering bridge designed for the measurement of permittivity, the branch ab consists of two electrodes between which the specimen under test may be inserted; arm bc is a non-reactive resistor R3 in parallel with a standard capacitor C3; arm CD is a non-reactive resistor R4 in parallel with a standard capacitor C4; arm da is a standard air capacitor of capacitance C2.Without the specimen between the electrodes, balance is obtained with the following values, C3 = C4 = 120 pF, C2 = 150 PF, R3 = R4 = 5000 . With the specimen inserted, these values become C3 = 200 PF; C4 = 1000 pF; C2 = 900 pF, and R3 = R4 = 5000 . In each test = 5000 rad/sec. Find the relative permittivity of the specimen. [4+4+8] 8. Explain the construction and working principle of flux meter with a neat diagram. ***** [16]

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