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DTMaster 1.1
Reference Manual
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DTMaster Manual
INPHO GmbH
All rights to this publication are reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any language, in any form or by any means, without prior written permission from INPHO GmbH. The software described in this document is furnished under a license agreement. The software may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of the agreement. It is against the law to copy this software on magnetic tape, disk, or any other medium for any purpose other than the licensees personal use. Copyright 2005 INPHO GmbH All rights reserved. DTMaster Manual for Version 1.1 and higher INPHO GmbH reserves the right to make changes to this document and the software described herein at any time and without notice. INPHO GmbH make no warranty, express or implied, other than those contained in the terms and conditions of sale, and in no case is INPHO GmbH liable for more than the license fee or purchase price of this product. Sample data used in this manual provided courtesy of Kucera International. The sample imagery is of Ohio, U.S.A. Units are in US feet. DTMasterReference-1.1.0-20
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Contents
1. 1.1. 2. DTMASTER GENERAL REMARKS ......................................................................... 8 PROVISION OF INPUT DATA ........................................................................................ 8 OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................... 9 2.1. GENERAL SOFTWARE HANDLING ............................................................................. 10 2.1.1. (Un-)Docking ....................................................................................................... 10 2.2. VECTOR DATA DISPLAY ........................................................................................... 11 2.2.1. Active Display ...................................................................................................... 11 2.2.1.1. Display Points................................................................................................ 12 2.2.1.2. Display Lines................................................................................................. 12 2.2.1.3. Display Contours ........................................................................................... 12 2.2.1.4. Height-Coloring............................................................................................. 12 2.2.1.5. Project related height-coloring ...................................................................... 12 2.2.1.6. Current View related height-coloring............................................................ 12 2.2.1.7. Anti-alising .................................................................................................... 12 2.3. OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................ 13 2.4. MAIN VIEW .............................................................................................................. 14 2.4.1. Vector Data Display............................................................................................. 14 2.5. ORTHO VIEW ............................................................................................................ 14 2.5.1. Vector Data Display............................................................................................. 14 2.6. STEREO VIEW ........................................................................................................... 15 2.6.1. Vector Data Display............................................................................................. 15 2.7. PROFILE VIEW .......................................................................................................... 15 2.7.1. Profile Area Selection .......................................................................................... 15 2.7.2. ZScaling................................................................................................................ 16 2.7.3. Navigation ............................................................................................................ 16 2.7.4. Rotation ................................................................................................................ 16 2.7.5. Vector Data Display............................................................................................. 18 2.8. PERSPECTIVE VIEW................................................................................................... 18 2.8.1. Perspective Area Selection................................................................................... 18 2.8.2. Rotation ................................................................................................................ 18 2.8.3. Vector Data Display............................................................................................. 19 2.9. PROJECT MANAGER .................................................................................................. 21 2.9.1. Images Tab ........................................................................................................... 21 2.9.1.1. Images Spread Sheet...................................................................................... 21 2.9.1.1.1. ImageID ................................................................................................... 21 2.9.1.1.2. Image Display .......................................................................................... 21 2.9.1.1.3. Orientation ............................................................................................... 22 2.9.1.1.4. Overview.................................................................................................. 22 2.9.1.1.5. Online....................................................................................................... 22 2.9.1.2. Edit Image...................................................................................................... 22 2.9.1.3. Remove .......................................................................................................... 22 2.9.1.4. Create Overviews... ....................................................................................... 22 2.9.1.5. Columns......................................................................................................... 23 2.9.2. Point Lists Tab ..................................................................................................... 23 2.9.2.1. Point List Spread Sheet.................................................................................. 23 2.9.2.1.1. Point Lists ID ........................................................................................... 23 2.9.2.1.2. Point Lists Layer ID................................................................................. 23
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2.9.2.1.3. Point Lists Type ....................................................................................... 23 2.9.2.1.4. Point Lists Strategy .................................................................................. 23 2.9.2.1.5. Point Lists Measured................................................................................ 23 2.9.2.1.6. Point Lists Status...................................................................................... 24 2.9.2.2. Create Point List ............................................................................................ 24 2.9.2.3. Add Point List................................................................................................ 26 2.9.2.4. Edit Point List................................................................................................ 26 2.9.2.5. Remove Point List ......................................................................................... 26 2.9.2.6. Measurement Controls............................................................................... 27 2.9.3. Layers Tab............................................................................................................ 27 2.9.3.1. Layers Spread Sheet ...................................................................................... 28 2.9.3.1.1. Layer ID ................................................................................................... 28 2.9.3.1.2. Interpolate ................................................................................................ 28 2.9.3.1.3. Lock ......................................................................................................... 28 2.9.3.1.4. Layer Display........................................................................................... 28 2.9.3.1.5. Type ......................................................................................................... 28 2.9.3.1.6. Colour ...................................................................................................... 28 2.9.3.2. New File ........................................................................................................ 29 2.9.3.3. Add Layer ...................................................................................................... 29 2.9.3.4. Edit............................................................................................................. 29 2.9.3.5. Remove .......................................................................................................... 29 2.9.3.6. Columns......................................................................................................... 29 2.10. APPLICATION LOG .................................................................................................... 29 3. FILE............................................................................................................................... 30 3.1. NEW PROJECT....................................................................................................... 30 3.2. OPEN PROJECT...................................................................................................... 30 3.3. SAVE PROJECT .......................................................................................................... 30 3.4. SAVE PROJECT AS ................................................................................................. 31 3.5. IMPORT ..................................................................................................................... 31 3.5.1. Ortho Images .................................................................................................... 31 3.5.2. Ortho Images by Directory............................................................................... 31 3.5.3. Vector Data....................................................................................................... 32 3.5.3.1. XYZ ............................................................................................................... 32 3.5.3.2. LAS................................................................................................................ 32 3.5.3.3. MTA .............................................................................................................. 33 3.5.3.4. DXF ............................................................................................................... 33 3.5.3.5. WNP .............................................................................................................. 34 3.5.3.6. RAS ............................................................................................................... 34 3.5.3.7. DTM .............................................................................................................. 34 3.6. QUICK IMPORT.......................................................................................................... 35 3.7. IMPORT WIZARD ....................................................................................................... 35 3.7.1. Select Import Format Window ............................................................................. 35 3.7.2. Select Import Files Window ................................................................................. 36 3.7.3. Layer Name Mapping Window............................................................................. 36 3.7.4. Assign Type Codes to Layers Window ................................................................. 37 3.7.5. Summary Window................................................................................................. 38 3.8. EXPORT .................................................................................................................... 38 3.8.1. Vector Data....................................................................................................... 39 3.9. EXPORT WIZARD ...................................................................................................... 39 3.9.1. Select Export Mode .............................................................................................. 39
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3.9.2. Separated Export.................................................................................................. 40 3.9.2.1. Select Files..................................................................................................... 40 3.9.2.2. Layer Name Mapping.................................................................................... 41 3.9.2.3. Summary Window......................................................................................... 41 3.9.2.4. Status ............................................................................................................. 42 3.9.3. Combined Export.................................................................................................. 43 3.9.3.1. Select Files..................................................................................................... 43 3.9.3.2. Layer Name Mapping.................................................................................... 44 3.9.3.3. Summary Window......................................................................................... 45 3.9.3.4. Status ............................................................................................................. 46 3.10. LAYER TEMPLATE EDITOR ................................................................................... 46 4. EDIT .............................................................................................................................. 49 4.1. UNDO ....................................................................................................................... 49 4.2. REDO ........................................................................................................................ 49 4.3. SELECTING DATA ...................................................................................................... 49 4.3.1. Rectangular Point Selection................................................................................. 49 4.3.2. Fence Point Selection........................................................................................... 49 4.3.3. Inpolygon Selection .............................................................................................. 50 4.3.4. Rectangular Line Selection .................................................................................. 50 4.3.5. Rectangular Line Segment Selection.................................................................... 51 4.3.6. Clear Selection ..................................................................................................... 51 4.3.7. Delete Selection.................................................................................................... 51 4.4. MEASUREMENT ........................................................................................................ 51 4.4.1. Measure........................................................... Fehler! Textmarke nicht definiert. 4.4.2. Move Point ........................................................................................................... 52 4.4.3. Close Polygon ...................................................................................................... 52 4.4.4. Move Selection ..................................................................................................... 52 4.4.5. Set Height ............................................................................................................. 53 4.5. INTERPOLATE POINTS ............................................................................................... 53 4.6. CLASSIFY SELECTION ............................................................................................... 54 4.7. LIST SELECTION........................................................................................................ 55 4.8. REINTERPOLATE SELECTED POINTS .......................................................................... 56 4.9. REMOVE DOUBLE POINTS ......................................................................................... 56 4.10. SNAP ......................................................................................................................... 56 4.11. PREFERENCES ........................................................................................................... 56 4.11.1. Workspace......................................................................................................... 57 4.11.2. Workspace / Toolbars ....................................................................................... 58 4.11.3. Workspace / Actions.......................................................................................... 58 4.11.4. Workspace / Shortcuts....................................................................................... 59 4.11.5. Workspace / Statusbar ...................................................................................... 59 4.11.6. Project............................................................................................................... 60 4.11.6.1. Units ............................................................................................................. 60 4.11.7. Import & Export................................................................................................ 61 4.11.8. 3D Mouse Buttons............................................................................................. 61 4.11.9. Input Device ...................................................................................................... 62 4.11.10. Layers ............................................................................................................ 63 4.11.11. Views.............................................................................................................. 65 5. VIEW............................................................................................................................. 67 5.1. NAVIGATION............................................................................................................. 67 5.1.1. Pan ....................................................................................................................... 67
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5.1.2. Rotate ................................................................................................................... 67 5.1.3. ZHeight................................................................................................................. 67 5.1.4. Real Zoom ............................................................................................................ 67 5.1.5. Drag Zoom ........................................................................................................... 68 5.1.6. Zoom..................................................................................................................... 69 5.1.6.1. Zoom In ......................................................................................................... 69 5.1.6.2. Zoom Out....................................................................................................... 69 5.1.6.3. Fit View ......................................................................................................... 69 5.2. NEW ......................................................................................................................... 69 5.2.1. Stereo Viewer ....................................................................................................... 70 5.2.2. Ortho Viewer ........................................................................................................ 70 5.2.3. Aerial Viewer........................................................................................................ 70 5.3. VIEWS....................................................................................................................... 70 5.3.1. Profile................................................................................................................... 70 5.3.2. Perspective ........................................................................................................... 70 5.3.3. Best-fit Stereo ....................................................................................................... 71 5.4. LOCKING OPTIONS .................................................................................................... 71 5.4.1. Pan Lock............................................................................................................... 71 5.4.2. Zoom Lock ............................................................................................................ 71 5.5. STEREO OPTIONS ...................................................................................................... 71 5.5.1. Stereo Mode.......................................................................................................... 72 5.5.2. Pseudo Mode ........................................................................................................ 72 5.5.3. Display Left Image ............................................................................................... 72 5.5.4. Display Right Image............................................................................................. 72 5.6. MOVE TO.............................................................................................................. 72 5.6.1. Move To Window.................................................................................................. 72 5.6.2. Move to Coordinates ............................................................................................ 72 5.6.3. Move to Ground Control Point ............................................................................ 73 6. 6.1. 7. 7.1. 7.2. 8. 8.1. 8.2. 8.3. 9. TOOLS .......................................................................................................................... 74 CONNECT TO IMMERSION INTERFACE BOX ............................................................ 74 WINDOW ..................................................................................................................... 75 TOOLBARS ................................................................................................................ 75 DOCK WINDOWS ...................................................................................................... 75 HELP ............................................................................................................................. 76 MANUAL............................................................................................................... 76 TUTORIAL............................................................................................................. 76 ABOUT DTMASTER .............................................................................................. 76 APPENDIX ................................................................................................................... 77 9.1. VECTOR DATA TYPES ............................................................................................... 77 9.1.1. DTMaster point type codes .................................................................................. 77 9.1.2. DTMaster line type codes..................................................................................... 77 9.2. DATA FORMAT CONFLICTS ....................................................................................... 78 9.3. LAYER NAMING CONVENTION .................................................................................. 78 9.4. VIEW OF POINTS AND LINES ..................................................................................... 80 9.5. ABBREVIATIONS/DICTIONARY .................................................................................. 81 9.6. MOVING TILTED PLANES .......................................................................................... 83 9.7. REFERENCES ............................................................................................................. 85
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10.
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2. Overview
DTMaster is a graphical editing and measurement tool for LIDAR / DTM data. The user can measure and edit data in different views and is allowed to store vector data in a layer based structure. The Chapter Overview describes the handling, the vector display and the navigation principle.
Figure 1:
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2.1.1. (Un-)Docking
Aerial-, Ortho-, Stereo-, Profile-, and Perspective Views can be docked at the top-left of the corresponding window. and undocked
UNDOCKING
1. Select View for undocking 2. Press Undock-Icon 3. The user can resize the undocked view to its demand.
Figure 2:
DOCKING
Undocking Views
1. Select view for docking 2. Press Dock-Icon 3. The view will be added to the Tab-Dialog.
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Figure 3:
Docking Views
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Displays can be activated or deactivated through push buttons in the icon list. For height-coloring, the user can choose between project related heightcoloring or local window related height-coloring. If the user enabled the anti-alised display of simplified or selected points or contours in the preferences, a push-button can activate the display in the current view.
Figure 4:
2.2.1.1. Display Points Simplified or anti-alised points, which are visible will be displayed in the current view. 2.2.1.2. Display Lines Simplified or anti-alised lines, which are visible will be displayed in the current view. 2.2.1.3. Display Contours Contours with the selected interval are overlayed to the vector data in the current view. 2.2.1.4. Height-Coloring Filled polygons are overlayed to the vector data in the current view. 2.2.1.5. Project related height-coloring Min/max values from the project are used for the height-coloring. 2.2.1.6. Current View related height-coloring Min/max values from the current view are used for the height-coloring. 2.2.1.7. Anti-alising Activates for enabled point or line styles the anti-alised display.
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2.3. Overview
Figure 5:
The overview will be loaded at the beginning by default. The overview shows only footprints of loaded raster imagery and represents the loaded vector data with sparse contour lines, for faster visualisation. The overview shows the current position of the main view with a bounding box. Aerial and ortho photo imagery is displayed with footprints. The overview allows to pan the main view with the left-mouse-button pressed, or to re-position it with clicking the left-mouse-button into the view. The overview allows the user to always see the complete project area and all its loaded data.
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Figure 6:
The main view shows loaded raster and vector data in 2D. The main view will be loaded by default at the beginning and offers the user to start all follow-up functions or to open additional views from its interface. To maintain a permanent working view for the user the main view cannot be undocked or closed.
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Figure 7:
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2.7.2. ZScaling
A dropdown box allows the user to see the selected data either in a metric way, or in an automatically stretched display.
2.7.3. Navigation
The user can move the selected area patch-wise with the arrow keys, if an area has been selected. The current selection area is displayed in the main view. The measurement of the baseline represents always the mathematical xaxis. According to the shape of the cube, the y-axis is set automatically. Stepping right, means moving in direction of the mathematical x-axis.
Figure 8:
Figure 9:
2.7.4. Rotation
The user can rotate the data cube with pressed right-mouse-button and moving the mouse in the desired direction (Figure 11:).
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Selecting Rotation from the menu bar allows the user to execute the function with the left-mouse-button. The data cube can be rotated around the mathematical x-z-axis, fix to an automatically determined origin.
Figure 10:
Profile Selection
Figure 11:
Profile Rotation
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Figure 12:
2.8.2. Rotation
The user can rotate the data cube with pressed right-mouse-button and moving the mouse in the desired direction. Selecting rotate allows the user to execute the function with the left-mousebutton.
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Figure 13:
Figure 14:
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Figure 15:
Figure 16:
The data can be displayed with the available Active Display (see Figure 1.2.-8,9,10,11).
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Figure 17:
The project manager displays the imported raster and vector data in the current project. Two tabs allow the user to display image related and layer related information. The project manager allows the user to edit, or modify the project data in a graphical way. Aerial images cannot be removed from the DTMaster Project Manager.
The ImageID column lists all existing images among each other. Images are categorized into Aerial and Ortho. Aerial and Ortho Imagery is displayed in a tree view. To access all images, it can be expanded (Diagram 1.2.9-2).
Figure 18:
2.9.1.1.2.
Tree Expansion
Image Display
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Image and Footprint Off Images with the status Display On, are displayed in the views. Images with the status Display Off, are only displayed with their footprint.
2.9.1.1.3. Orientation
Orientation can have the status: Checked Crossed Images with the status crossed, are missing orientation values or camera information.
2.9.1.1.4. Overview
Overview displays the number of pyramid levels existing for the imagery. Overviews can be created with Create Overviews. For further information please read chapter Create Overviews.
2.9.1.1.5. Online
Online can have the status: Online Offline Online checks if the imagery is found at the given directory path. 2.9.1.2. Edit Image Edit Image allows the user to change the current visual properties of the aerial images and orthophotos. The visual properties can be found at Image Display. 2.9.1.3. Remove Remove allows the user to remove ortho images and vector data from the project. Aerial images cannot be removed from the DTMaster Project Manager. The user can remove Aerial images in the Match-B module, using Edit Project. 2.9.1.4. Create Overviews... When activated, different resolution levels are derived for the digital images. Starting with the original pixel size, it is increased by a factor of two at each new resolution level. Thus, the disk space needed is 1/3 times larger than without image pyramid.
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DTMaster needs a minimum of four pyramid levels for every image. 2.9.1.5. Columns Not supported in the current version.
The Point Lists Layer ID column displays the location of the remeasured point cloud. If the user added points from different layers for remeasuring, the Layer ID column will display five stars *****.
2.9.2.1.3. Point Lists Type
The Point Lists Type column displays two different types of point clouds: New generated Point List (see Create Point List) Point List from existing points (see Add Point List)
2.9.2.1.4. Point Lists Strategy
The Point Lists Strategy column displays two different strategies: Remeasure always towards heading Remeasure alternating
2.9.2.1.5. Point Lists Measured
Point Lists Measured column displays how many points from the complete point cloud have been remeasured.
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2.9.2.1.6.
The Point Lists Status column displays two status: Point List measurement not started or finished Point List measurement finished 2.9.2.2. Create Point List Pressing Create opens the Create Point List Dialog Window, where the user enters settings for the new Point List, which does not exist in the current DTMaster project. The default position of the sample data uses the average terrain height of the project, for pre-positing. After measuring the first point, DTMaster will set the height according to the last measurement.
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Figure 20:
Enter the name of the Point List. The name will be displayed in the Point List ID column.
FILE NAME:
DTMaster offers to add DTM areas from existing polygon lines in the current project. The user can add several polygons for one DTM area. To add a DTM area, following steps have to be done: 1. Use Rectangular Line Selection from the menu bar to select one or several polygon lines 2. Press Add in the Create Point List Dialog Window 3. Enter DTM area name, if default name not acceptable
EXCLUSION AREA:
DTMaster offers to use exclusion areas from existing polygon lines in the current project. The user can select several polygons for one DTM area. Only exclusion areas that overlay partly or are complete inside of selected polygon lines in the DTM area selection, will be considered. To add exclusion areas, following steps have to be done: 4. Use Rectangular Line Selection from the menu bar to select one or several polygon lines 5. Press Add in the Create Point List Dialog Window 6. Enter exclusion area name, if default name not acceptable
GRID INTERVAL:
Grid interval sets the default distance from one sample point to another. The interval can be different in x- and y-position. The distance is depending to the current project units.
GRID ORIENTATION:
The grid measuring strategy heads towards the grid orientation setting. Default value is north (0). The units are depending to the current project settings.
DIGITIZE STRATEGY:
The digitize strategy defines towards which heading the user will measure its grid points. To measure permanent towards the set heading, the user can select . To measure alternating, taking loops at the end of the measurement lines, the user can select . OK will generate the new point list, which does not exist in the current DTMaster project. To start measuring the point list, please refer to
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Measurement Controls. To leave the window without executing, use the Cancel button. 2.9.2.3. Add Point List Pressing Add opens the Add Point List Dialog Window, where the user picks already existing points from the current project to remeasure.
Figure 21:
Enter the name of the Point List. The name will be displayed in the Point List ID column.
POINT CLOUD:
Add selected points from the current project. The user can add points from different layers to the point cloud. To add points, following steps have to be done: 1. Use Rectangular Selection or Fence Selection from the menu bar to select one or several points 2. Press Add in the Create Point List Dialog Window OK will generate the point list. To start remeasuring the point list, please refer to Measurement Controls. To leave the window without executing, use the Cancel button. 2.9.2.4. Edit Point List Edit opens either the Create Point List Dialog Window or the Add Point List Dialog Window, depending which list has been selected in the table. The user can only rename or remove DTM Areas in Create Point List Dialog or change the selection from the point list in Add Point List Dialog Window, but cannot change other settings. 2.9.2.5. Remove Point List Remove deletes an existing point list. It is not possible to undo this step.
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2.9.2.6. Measurement Controls Measurement Controls allow the user to navigate within a selected point list.
START:
Starts measurement in the selected point list, from the table. The z-height for the pre-positing is taken from the project average terrain height, or from the previous measurement.
STOP:
Stops the point list measurement, allowing the user to continue work with further functions from DTMaster.
RESTART:
Jumps to first point of the point list, and allows to restart measurements from all points from the point list.
BACK:
Moves back to last measurement in the point list for direct remeasuring. Back can be executed several times.
FORWARD:
Moves forward to next measurement in the point list leaving the current point unmeasured. Forward can be executed several times.
SKIP ALL:
All remaining measurements from the current point list get status unmeasured. The measured points are saved in the point list.
JUMP TO:
Jump To allows the user to jump to any measurement position of the point list and to start measurements their.
RESET:
Reset deletes all manual made measurements and restarts measurement from the beginning.
LOCK POSITION:
Lock Position keeps the measurement cursor at the prepositioned location. The user can only set the correct z-height for the position.
KEEP X,Y:
Keep x,y allows the user to move the cursor to a new x,yposition to measure the correct height for the pre-positioned location. To position the point freely, the user has to undock Lock Position and Keep X,Y.
DTMaster Manual
The Layer ID column lists all existing files below each other. Files have the icon . Files can have multiple layers, which have the icon . Every file is displayed in a tree view, which can be expanded.
2.9.3.1.2. Interpolate
Interpolate can have the status On Off Only files and layers with the status Interpolate On, will be used for the online contour line and coloured grid generation.
2.9.3.1.3. Lock
Lock can have the status On Off Files and layers with the status Lock On, can not be selected or edited.
2.9.3.1.4. Layer Display
Display can have the status: On Off Files and layers with the status Display On, are displayed in the views.
2.9.3.1.5. Type
Type can have the status from all existing Type Codes. Layers with a specific Type Code can only maintain points or lines. Please be aware, that exporting data to specific formats (e.g. Winput) will use the information of the Type. For further information please read chapter Data Format Conflicts.
2.9.3.1.6. Colour
Figure 22:
Colour Palette
Colour can have any value from the existing colour palette.
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Points and lines from the active Layers are displayed according to the selected colour. 2.9.3.2. New File New File adds a new file to the project. The user has to enter the file name and can change the default visual properties. 2.9.3.3. Add Layer Selecting an existing file allows the user to add layers to it. The user has to enter the layer name and can change the default visual properties. 2.9.3.4. Edit Edit allows the user to change the current visual properties of files or layers. 2.9.3.5. Remove Remove allows the user to remove files or layers from the project. The content of the files and layers will be removed, too. 2.9.3.6. Columns Not supported in the current version.
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3. File
FILE
comprises all functions primarily used to generate, select, and save a project file. The project file stores all project relevant data and parameter settings.
IMPORT
allows the user to add orthophotos and vector data to the project.
EXPORT
offers options to write parts of or all vector data into different vector data formats.
LAYER TEMPLATE EDITOR
creates templates for data formats, which will be loaded consistently with the same layer distribution for the data. For further information please read chapter Layer Template Editor.
DTMaster Manual
3.5. Import
Import allows to import orthophotos and vector data individually or from directories. They are added to the project and can be saved to the project file, for later use. Vector data is stored to a separate binary file and changes will not affect the original data. Ortho photos are directly used, and the file paths are added to the project. It is allowed to generate/delete image pyramids from the orthophotos, which can cause conflicts with other software using the same imagery. Import allows the user to add additional data which is not included in a general INPHO project. The user can combine all necessary data into one project.
DTMaster Manual
All successfully imported orthophotos are shown in the Project Manager. Further explanations can be found in the chapter Project Manager. Supported formats are: GeoTIFF TiffWorld Steps to work through Select Import Ortho Images by Directory. A file path selection box opens, where the user is allowed to select a subdirectory from within the network. Choose the file path destination, which adds all orthophotos to the project.
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Binary format, which contains additional information to every point (intensity, return number, number of returns(this pulse), scan direction, edge of flight line, classification, scan angle, file marker). 3.5.3.5. MTA Match-T ASCII Format Model-based result files, which contain coding for every single raster point for accuracy, redundancy and position. Output format : X Y Z flag1 flag2 flag3 flag4 flag5 flag6 flag7 flag8 A flag is set if its value is 1 and a flag is not set if its value is 0. Flag Code composition 1 Point is ok (This dummy flag is always set to 0) 2 Point is out of stereo coverage (If the flag is set the point is not visible in both images of the model.) 3 Point is out of border (If the flag is set the point is outside a borderline. Either a borderline is predefined in the morphological data file or the DEM area is used to automatically define a borderline.) 4 Point is excluded area (If the flag is set the point is inside a predefined exclusion area in the morphological data file.) 5 Point is of inferior accuracy (If the flag is set it is signalising accuracy worse than a specified threshold corresponding to the result of the "Match-T analysis".) 6 Point is within low redundancy (If the flag is set it is signalising redundancy worse than a specified threshold corresponding to the result of the "DEM analysis".) 7 Point is close to breakline (If the flag is set the point is close to a pre-measured breakline from the morphological data file. The check distance corresponds to the grid width and depends also on the terrain type.) 8 Point is not interpolated (If the flag is set the point is determined with the robust finite element adjustment and not with a bilinear interpolation. The flag is always set to 1 if the DEM is generated with a fix grid width.) 3.5.3.6. DXF AutoDesk Drawing Interchange Format ASCII Format, which allows to store data in a layer structure. Only the entities POINT, LINE und POLYLINE are used; spline interpolation is ignored. TEXT will be read-in simplified. From BLOCKs only the reference position with height can be read-in.
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3.5.3.7. WNP Inpho GmbH SWINPUT ASCII Format, which contains one point per record. The sequence is Structure number, x-, y-, z- coordinate, separated by at least one blank. The first structure number defines the length of the structure numbers for the whole file. The first two digits of the structure number are used as code, the rest as line number. The code corresponds to the WINPUT code, with the exception of the storno codes. Headers are recommended, but are not necessary. DTMaster will use the first entry string for defining the column width of the input data. WINPUT Codes 10 Profile 20 Contour 30 Mass point 31 Spot height 40 Formline 41 Closed formline 50 Breakline 51 Closed Breakline 52 Breakline / borderline, right omitted 53 Closed breakline / borderline, right omitted 54 Breakline / borderline, left omitted 55 Closed breakline / borderline, left omitted 60 Borderline, right omitted 61 Closed borderline, right omitted 62 Borderline, right omitted, no height 63 Closed borderline, right omitted, no height 64 Borderline, left omitted 65 Closed borderline, left omitted 66 Borderline, left omitted, no height 67 Closed borderline, left omitted, no height 70 Singular point 80 Line of situation 3.5.3.8. RAS Inpho GmbH MatchT Binary Format Raster output of MatchT. Rasterfile points may only be changed in height to maintain the grid structure. 3.5.3.9. DTM SCOP Model Format Binary Format The SCOP Model Format applies a hybrid representation of the surface, consisting of a grid representing continuous areas, intermeshed with vectortype data such as break lines or form lines to facilitate the representation of sudden changes in continuity (break lines, highs and lows), or more gradual changes in it (form lines). Border lines, break lines and form lines are stored with their original points and their intersection points with grid lines. Spot heights, off-terrain points and control points are stored with their original coordinates.
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Figure 23:
The user can select from a variety of vector formats, to import the data into DTMaster. Press Next > to continue.
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Figure 24:
Press Add to select one or several files from a file selection box. The user can only select files of the selected file type (e.g. DXF, XYZ, ). The selected files are shown in the Select Import Files window. To prevent loading data twice, it is possible to switch the box Ignore files already loaded to project on. DTMaster will check if identical file names with identical file paths have been loaded, and will ignore them. Press Next > to continue.
Figure 25:
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The window suggests internal layer names, using its own layer name convention. For further explanations please read the Chapter Layer Naming Convention. The user can change the internal layer names. Manual changes can be done through highlighting a layer and clicking it again. For exporting the final results DTMaster will use by default the external layer names, to keep the data naming consistent. For automation of internal layer name changes, a template can be used. The template can be created with File Layer Template Editor. For further explanations please read the chapter Layer Template Editor. An existing template can be selected from the drop-down menu. The template file is greyed, if the file does not contain layers. Press Next > to continue.
Figure 26:
Please assign your layers (LayerID) to the corresponding type. Further explanations for type codes can be read in the chapter Vector Data Types. The user can highlight one or several LayerIDs, and highlight in the same time a type on the right side of the window (e.g. contour). Then assign the LayerIDs by pressing the >-Button. The assignment can also be made by Drag&Drop. If not all layers shall be used, the user has to check the Ignore unassigned import layers box after finishing the allocation, and press Next > to continue.
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Figure 27:
For importing vector data to the current project, the user has to choose the units. For individual scaling please select user from the drop-down menu at XY or Z units.
Figure 28:
To review the import settings, an overview shows the files, formats, LayerIDs, and allocated Types. It is possible to step back with the < Back Button. Press Finish to close the wizard and to import the data into DTMaster.
3.8. Export
Export allows to export all data from the project. For export, DTMaster will use the stored internal layer names, and writes the data into separate or combined files.
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Figure 29:
The user can select between separated or combined export. The combined mode will write all files in one single file, whereas the separated mode will write each file defined in DTMaster into individual files. Press Next > to continue.
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Figure 30:
A table containing all files for export are listed. Check boxes in the first column allow to select one or several files for export. The column Loss helps graphically to see if certain attributes of the data from the file gets lost through export due to limitations of the selected export data format. : Warning Data Loss : No Data Loss The column Format offers a dropdown box to select the export format.
To prevent data loss the user can change the export format of the files to more flexible ones. The column File Path, allows the user to define the file destination with a file selection box, or entering the file path manually. Select . A file selection box opens. Within this dialogue you can enter a new file name. Confirm by pressing the Return key. The default extension of the file is taken from the column Format. Check the box Proceed in case of loss warning, if data loss is accepted and wanted. Check the box Overwrite existing files, if existing files with identical name are allowed to be overwritten. Please be aware that all data of the original files gets lost. Press Next > to continue.
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Figure 31:
The window offers external layer names, using stored layer names from the import. For further explanations please read the chapter Layer Naming Convention. The user can change the external layer names. Manual changes can be done through highlighting a layer and clicking it again, to make it editable. The entered name will be used in DTMaster for export (e.g. none in this example). For automation of external layer name changes, templates can be defined and used. The template can be created at FileLayer Template Editor. For further explanations please read the chapter Layer Template Editor. An existing template can be selected from the drop-down menu. The template file is greyed, if the file does not contain layers. Press Next > to continue. 3.9.2.3. Select Export Units
Figure 32:
For exporting vector data, the user has to choose the units. For individual scaling please select user from the drop-down menu at XY or Z units.
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Figure 33:
To review the export settings, an overview shows the files, layer names, formats, and files paths. Press Next > to continue the wizard and to export the data into the separate files. 3.9.2.5. Status
Figure 34:
The status report shows the user, if the export was successful. A complete process bar and Status confirm it. Press Finish to close the export wizard.
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Figure 35:
A dropdown box offers the user to select the export format. To prevent data loss the user can change the export format of the files to more flexible ones.
A file box, allows the user to enter manually the file path and name, or the user can select [] and use a file selection box for the destination path and file name. Hit Return to confirm the selection. A table containing all files for export is displayed. Check boxes in the first column allow to select one or several files for export. The column Loss helps graphically to see if certain attributes of the data from the file gets lost through export due to limitations of the selected export data format. : Warning Data Loss : No Data Loss The column File Path, allows the user to define the file destination with a file selection box, or entering the file path manually. Select . A file selection box opens. Within this dialogue you can enter a new file name. The default extension of the file is taken from the column Format. Check the box Proceed in spite of loss warning, if data loss is accepted and wanted. Check the box Overwrite existing files, if existing files with identical name convention are allowed to be overwritten. Please be aware that all data of the original files gets lost.
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Figure 36:
The window offers external layer names, using stored layer names from the import. For further explanations please read the chapter Layer Naming Convention. The user can change the external layer names. Manual changes can be done through highlighting a layer and clicking it again, to make it editable. The entered name will be used in DTMaster for export. It is not possible to add one layer content to an existing one. Please use unique layer names, when writing to the same file.
Figure 37:
For automation of external layer name changes, templates can be defined and used. The template can be created at File Layer Template Editor. For further explanations please read the chapter Layer Template Editor. An existing template can be selected from the drop-down menu. The template file is greyed, if the file does not contain layers. Press Next > to continue.
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Figure 39:
For exporting vector data, the user has to choose the units. For individual scaling please select user from the drop-down menu at XY or Z units. 3.9.3.4. Summary Window
Figure 40:
To review the export settings, an overview shows the files, layer names, formats, and files paths. If the user detects wrong settings, it is possible to step back with the < Back Button. Press Next > to continue the wizard and to export the data into the files.
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3.9.3.5. Status
Figure 41:
The status report shows the user if the export was successful. Press Finish to close the export wizard.
Figure 42:
Select New Template. The user can enter the naming of the template into the TemplateID field. To generate a new template select Add Layer.
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Figure 43:
The Add Template Layer Window appears, where the user enters settings for one single layer.
EXTERNAL:
Enter the name of the layer already existing in the incoming file.
INTERNAL:
Select the vector data type, for further information read chapter Vector Data Types.
COLOR:
Select the color setting for the layer. After pressing OK the new layer is added to the list in the Layer Template Editor. The user can always go back to the layer settings, using the button Edit Layer. Layer structured files contain multiple layers, which makes it necessary to repeat the entry settings for further layers. Every layer will be displayed in the Layer Template Editor Window.
Figure 44:
Finally, confirm the entered Layer Template with Apply or OK to save it. The Layer Template can be selected during the Import Wizard, from a dropdown box.
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Importing files with an identical layer structure, can be simplified with the Layer Template. The Layer Template is stored in the gveLayerTemplates.xml file.
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4. Edit
Edit contains selection, measurements, and move functions. Furthermore it includes functions for the input device.
4.1. Undo
Undo allows the user to recover a former status of the project. Undo can be performed several times and is limited through the virtual memory. To use Undo the user has to select it from the menu bar, or has to define a shortcut in the Preferences. Undo can recover changes from the vector data (points and lines) and property changes from the Project Manager. Undo cannot recover changes from: Navigation View Select Import Save/Load Project
4.2. Redo
Rebuilds the status of the project, after Undo has been executed.
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Using the right mouse button while Fence Point Selection is active opens a context menu offering these options:
DELETE LAST
Figure 45:
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4.4. Measurement
4.4.1. Create Point/Line
Create Point/Line will check the current layer type and enables the user to measure either a new point or a new polyline. It is not possible to measure both points and lines on the same layer. For further information refer to chapter Vector Data Types. Create Point/Line can be used in Aerial Views, Ortho Views and Stereo Views. To use Create Point/Line the user has to select it from the menu bar, or has to define a shortcut in the Preferences. The measurement is done by clicking left-mouse-button for the vertices. To finish the measurement the user can hold the right mouse button in the current view and select End from the menu that opens, or double click the left mouse button to create an open polyline. Using the right mouse button while measurement of a polyline is active opens a context menu. Note that there is no context menu when measuring points. The menu offers these options:
DELETE LAST
Deletes the last point digitized. This option is available as soon as more than one point is digitized.
CANCEL
Restarts the measurement without saving the current measured polyline to the file.
END
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Creates a closed polyline, connecting the first and last point of the polyline. The height of the new position is depending on the view and the existing vector data in the local area. Using a stereo view, the user can set the height manually with the ZHeight. Using a 2Dview DTMaster will interpolate the new height according to the existing local vector data around it.
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Opens a dialog window where the desired height can be keyed in.
Figure 46:
The area contains existing raster points and two empty gaps [highlighted in yellow]. The interpolation area is highlighted with the blue polygon. The
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interpolation function interpolates only the missing raster points with new heights, not the remaining raster points within the blue polygon. Steps to work through Select a current layer for the filled in interpolated points. Depending for the point type of the current layer, two different methods will be applied. General Point method (e.g. Masspoints) Select function Interpolate Points and start digitising a polygon. Ending the measurement will open a window, where the user can set the grid spacing for the newly interpolated points.
Confirming the grid spacing will insert north directed raster points with equally spaced points inside the previous measured polygon. Raster Point method Select function Interpolate Points and start digitising a polygon. Ending the measurement will automatically interpolate missing raster points within the polygon.
Figure 47:
Next, select the points (or points and lines, when classifying in other views) to be classified using the selection tools.
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Figure 48:
Finally, press the Classify button. All selected objects are moved to the active file and layer.
Figure 49:
Option: If the user forgot to create a file and layer, where the data will be moved to, it is possible to change to the Project Manager and to create files and Layers, without losing the current selection.
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4.10. Snap
Snap allows the user to measure exactly from or to points in the data set. Points and vertices are highlighted, if the snap distance is reached. The snap distance is user-definable in the Preferences. To snap only polygon vertices but to avoid snapping to single points, hold the CTRL key during measurement. Active snap is mandatory for this purpose. Active snap will change the coordinate position from the cursor in the 2D view, according the snapped point or vertex.
4.11. Preferences
The Preferences dialog is the central point to modify various preference settings.
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Figure 50:
Preference Dialog The tree structure shows the available preference pages. To access the desired page, left-mouse-button click in the branch and the window on the left will change automatically to the desired page. The individual pages are described in the following subsections.
4.11.1.
Workspace
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Figure 51:
The interval used to automatically save the current project. The controls are active only if autosave is enabled.
WHEN DTMASTER STARTS
4.11.2.
Workspace / Toolbars
Figure 52:
Toolbars that are checked are displayed at the edge of the views. It is possible to create own toolbars and fill them with actions (see next section). These individual toolbars can be removed again. Predefined toolbars can not be removed.
4.11.3.
Workspace / Actions
Figure 53:
The list shows all possible actions of the currently selected category. The entries can be dragged from the list to toolbars of the main window to place a button invoking the action on this toolbar. Actions can be removed from
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toolbars by dragging a button from the toolbar to an empty space on the screen.
4.11.4.
Workspace / Shortcuts
Figure 54:
For every action in the different categories a shortcut can be defined. Shortcuts are a special key combination that invokes a specific command. Typically, shortcut keys combine the Ctrl or Alt keys with some other keys. In Windows environments, for example, Ctrl +C is used as the shortcut key to copy. On PCs, the function keys are also often used as shortcut keys. Some shortcut keys are already defined. However, you are allowed to define your own shortcut keys for frequently used commands. To set a shortcut select the desired category and make a left-mouse-button click on the desired action. The action will be highlighted, e.g. SaveProject. Press a key or key combination for the shortcut to assign it to the selected action. The shortcut is displayed in the bottom left corner of the Preference Window. To save the shortcut choose Apply or OK.
4.11.5.
Workspace / Statusbar
Figure 55:
Preferences - Statusbar
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Defines how accurate the position of the cursor is displayed. The user can set the accuracy for height and planimetry separately.
DISPLAY COORDINATES SEQUENCE
Allows the user to define the order of x- and y-axes as abscissa and ordinate of the coordinate system.
4.11.6.
Project
Figure 56:
Preferences - Project Allow to specify a directory where XML files are searched.
The default directory used as base for relative file paths in the project file.
PROJECT CAMERA FILE
Figure 57:
OBJECT UNIT
Preferences - Units Specifies the unit to use for newly created projects. The unit has to be set before creating the project.
ANGULAR UNIT
Specifies the unit to use for newly created projects. The unit has to be set before creating the project.
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4.11.7.
Figure 58:
Preferences - Import & Export Unknown external layers are assigned automatically.
ASSIGN AND LOAD UNKNOWN EXTERNAL LAYERS AUTOMATICALLY IGNORE UNKNOWN EXTERNAL LAYERS FROM IMPORT
4.11.8.
3D Mouse Buttons
Figure 59:
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This page shows the current assignment of the various buttons and button combinations of the Immersion SoftMouse. DTMaster supports a user-defined button assignment for different operators.
4.11.9.
Cursors
Figure 60:
Preferences Cursors
The user can select from a fix set of cursors and define the colour from a table.
4.11.10.
Input Device
Figure 61:
SPEED
Preferences Input Device Slider regulates the sensibility of the input device for either XYor Z-direction.
ACCELERATION
Additionally to the speed setting, the user can apply a nonlinear acceleration to the movements in XY- or Z-direction.
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4.11.11.
Layers
Figure 62:
Preferences - Layers The user can set up in the Layers Preferences a default path, where LayerTemplates can be selected from. The following options change the appearance of the contour lines.
The base size for points displayed simplified. Simplified points are not anti-aliased and show as quads rather than circles.
SIMPLIFIED ITEMS LINE WIDTH
The base width for lines. Not all graphics boards support values other than 1.
SIMPLIFIED ITEMS SUPPORT ANTIALISING
The user can switch on/off Antialiased for simplified items. Antialiasing is a software technique for diminishing jaggies stair step-like lines that should be smooth. Jaggies occur because the output device, the monitor, doesn't have a high enough resolution to represent a smooth line. Antialiasing is sometimes called oversampling. Hint: Antialiasing makes the simplified points look nicer, but needs more computer power. It is helpful for stereo viewing.
CONTOUR LINES COLOR
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The display color for contour lines shown for Point Styles Iso Lines and Iso Lines and Points.
CONTOUR LINES LINE WIDTH
The line width for contour lines. Not all graphics boards support values other than 1.
CONTOUR LINES INTERVAL
By default DTMaster uses an automatic contour interval, depending on the displayed vector data content in the view. For a constant contour interval display, enter the desired value.
CONTOUR LINES SUPPORT ANTIALIASING
The user can switch on/off Antialiased for contour lines. Antialiasing is a software technique for diminishing jaggies stair step-like lines that should be smooth. Jaggies occur because the output device, the monitor, doesn't have a high enough resolution to represent a smooth line. Antialiasing is sometimes called oversampling. Hint: Antialiasing makes the contour lines look nicer, but needs more computer power. It is helpful for stereo viewing.
SELECTED ITEMS COLOR
The color used for selected items. Note that an item temporary loses its color while it is selected.
SELECTED ITEMS POINT SIZE
The size of selected points. This value adds to the points base size, so if a simplified point with an base size of 2 gets selected and the Selected Items Point size is 3, the point is displayed using a size of 5.
SELECTED ITEMS LINE WIDTH
The width of selected lines. Similar to points, this adds to the base width of the line. Not all graphics boards support values other than 1.
SELECTED ITEMS SUPPORT ANTIALIASING
The user can switch on/off Antialiased for selected items. Antialiasing is a software technique for diminishing jaggies stair step-like lines that should be smooth. Jaggies occur because the output device, the monitor, doesn't have a high enough resolution to represent a smooth line. Antialiasing is sometimes called oversampling. Hint: Antialiasing makes the selected items look nicer, but needs more computer power. It is helpful for stereo viewing.
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4.11.12.
Snap
Figure 63:
Preferences - Snap
The user can define a search tolerance for snapping. Snapping is defined in pixels, and is scale independent. Currently DTMaster snaps only X,Y,Z.
4.11.13.
Views
Figure 64:
Preferences - Views
This page offers options that change the behaviour of all or certain views. For images displayed within DTMaster, border and exclusion area pixels can be masked, allowing to see through the images in these areas. This comes in useful when displaying rotated or true orthos.
IMAGE VIEW ENABLE BACKGROUND CHECKING
Minimum pixel value considered to be valid data. If border or exclusion areas are encoded to pure black, this value should be set to 1. Otherwise 0 should be used.
IMAGE VIEW MINIMUM NON-BACKGROUND VALUE
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Maximum pixel value considered to be valid data. If border or exclusion areas are encoded to pure white, this value should be set to 254. Otherwise 255 should be used. Some options apply to the Main View only. These are:
MAIN VIEW DISPLAY AERIAL IMAGES
Enables the display of aerial images in the main view. Normally, only the footprints of aerial images are displayed. Aerial images are displayed by draping them on their footprint. Thus in most cases features are displayed at the wrong position. Take care never to measure data based on aerial images.
MAIN VIEW DISPLAY CONTROL POINTS
Enables the display of control point symbols in the main view. Stereo Views can be configured to automatically switch to a different pair of images as soon as the position gets close to the edge of the current overlap area. Whenever this happens, all possible combinations of two images that overlap at the current position are built. This list of image pairs is then filtered and sorted. If the resulting list is not empty, the Stereo View changes to display the first pair of images in the list, keeping the current position.
STEREO VIEW AUTOMATICALLY LOAD NEXT PAIR
Whenever the auto-load feature is enabled, the boundary for the current pair is displayed in the Stereo Views. The Edge value defines how far to the boundary the view can move before an alternative pair of images is searched for.
STEREO VIEW AUTO-LOAD MAXIMUM ROTATION
The value given here serves as an upper limit for the rotation between neighbouring stereo pairs. The Stereo View will not change to a pair that would require a rotation of the view of more than this limit.
3D VIEW Z FACTOR
This factor is applied to all height values when displaying data in the Perspective View or the Metric Height mode of the Profile View.
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5. View
View contains functions to open new views, to change between different interaction modes, to select zoom modes, to move to any position of the project with the cursor and to adjust the raster imagery (orthophotos and aerial imagery)
5.1. Navigation
5.1.1. Pan
Pan allows the user to pan through the current view, without changing the zoom level. Pan is available in all views with CTRL+Right-mouse-button except the Perspective and Profile View. Selecting Pan from the menu bar, allows the user to perform the functionality with pressed left-mouse-button and move the cursor into the desired direction.
5.1.2. Rotate
See chapter Rotation.
5.1.3. ZHeight
ZHeight allows the user to change the cursor in Z in the Stereo Views. The function is not available in other views. ZHeight is available in all stereo views with pressed right-mouse-button and move the cursor up or down in the stereo view. Selecting ZHeight from the menu bar, allows the user to perform the functionality with pressed left-mouse-button and move the cursor up or down in the window. ZHeight can be defined as shortcut in the Preferences.
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Selecting Real Zoom from the menu bar, allows the user to perform the functionality with pressed left-mouse-button and move the cursor up or down the window.
Figure 65:
Wheel-Mouse Zoom
Using the right mouse button (or Shift-CTRL plus right mouse button for the Stereo View) while Real Zoom or Drag Zoom is active opens a context menu offering these options:
ZOOM TO FIT
Changes the scale of the current view so that the whole project area fits in the window. An Aerial View will scale to fit the aerial image into the window rather than the whole project area. A Stereo View will scale to fit the current model into the window rather than the whole project area.
ZOOM IN
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Figure 66:
5.1.6. Zoom
5.1.6.1. Zoom In 5.1.6.2. Zoom Out 5.1.6.3. Fit View Fit View changes the zoom automatically to display the complete project area. References for Fit View are the loaded and displayed images respectively Footprints and the imported and displayed vector data. To use Fit View the user has to select it from the menu bar, or to define a shortcut in the Preferences. Fit View is executed through clicking with the left-mouse-button into the desired view.
5.2. New
ViewNew offers a blank view, where the user can drag&drop imagery from the Project Manager into it. The user can open Aerial, Ortho, and Stereo Views.
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5.3. Views
5.3.1. Profile
See chapter Profile View.
5.3.2. Perspective
See chapter Perspective View.
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Figure 67:
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5.6. Move To
The user can move to an entered coordinate location in the Main View. Move To for other Views is not implemented into the current version.
Figure 68:
Move To Window
The window offers two types of movement: by entering explicit coordinates or by selecting a ground control point.
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6. Tools
6.1. Connect To Immersion Interface Box
The user can operate the system with the SoftMouse from Immersion, which connects to the Immersion Interface Box. The Preferences offer a set of predefined SoftMouse configurations, for measuring and editing purposes.
The SoftMouse from Immersion is a three-dimensional positioning device commonly used with photogrammetry software. The Immersion SoftMouse works in conjunction with the Interface Box. Three groups of controls: optical encoders, function keys, and trigger buttons Optical encoders allow the user to control the x, y, and z position of a cursor Trigger buttons allow the user to trigger data collection or similar quick events Function keys are used to set parameters, change modes, or perform miscellaneous functions
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7. Window
7.1. Toolbars
See chapter Toolbars.
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8. Help
8.1. Manual
Show the PDF version of this manual.
8.2. Tutorial
Show the PDF of the Tutorial.
Figure 69:
About Window
About DTMaster gives the user the version number in the top.
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9. Appendix
Information and answers for common questions and much more can be found here.
Mass Points represent the gross of point data. Most of the point data will be mass points. You can move and edit x,y,z of the points and add or delete points.
RASTER POINTS
Raster Points have fixed x,y positions. It is recommended only to change the height of Raster Points, for correct data distribution in further processes.
SINGULAR POINTS
Singular Points do not describe the real terrain and do not have to contain correct terrain height. They are named horizontal independent points. For SCOP purposes they will not inflict the Interpolation of DTMs. They will only be used for cartographic purposes, e.g. height representation in contour maps.
SPOT HEIGHTS
Spot Heights represent special topographic features and will be treated with more strictly compared to the mass points.
Break lines represent terrain slope changes and complement the representation of the terrain surface.
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Break lines are very useful for many calculation steps, e.g. isolines, georeferenced correct representation of objects, etc
CONTOUR
Form lines help to represent difficult visible areas, or areas which do not contain clear slope changes, but smooth crossovers in the terrain.
ISO LINES
For SCOP: Points from Iso Lines are used as mass points for interpolation. For display, they will be shown as Iso Lines.
PROFILE
Profile lines are a series of survey lines typically perpendicular to a base line which are monitored to record heights.
SITUATION LINE
Cartographic lines, which are not used for interpolation or calculation purposes, but for display.
The table above shows how the XYZ-file format cannot contain two layers. It is not possible to store the data without losing the layer structure. To maintain the layer structure the user can select an export format, which is able to store data with multiple layer structures. DTMaster allows to change the layer structure for the loaded file, to give the user more flexible data handling. For more information about adding, deleting and modifying layers please read chapter Project Manager.
Given layer names from a 3rd party product apart from DTMaster.
INTERNAL LAYER NAME
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Given layer name in DTMaster. This can be entered manually or determined automatically (see below).
WINPUT CODING
Number codes for morphological structures, like break lines, form lines, exclusion areas, mass points, spot heights, etc. First example: There are files without layer structure (XYZ, etc...) which do not contain an external layer name, but contain only one sort of vector data. DTMaster will handle every file separately and add a layer for internal use to it, which is extracted from its extension plus the term Points. Given a file named Laserdata.xyz the resulting file and layer structure is laserdata XYZPoints The internal layer name is generated. Second example: There are files with a layer structure (DXF, etc...) which contain an external layer name, but which are not named like WINPUT coding. DTMaster will use the external layer naming convention for internal use, if the user does not manually changes it through the import process. Given a file named Citymapping.dxf containing two DXF layers named roads and buildings the resulting file and layer structure is citymapping roads buildings The internal layer name corresponds to the external name.
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Figure 70:
DTMaster may display the vector data using different point styles. Height coloring, iso lines, and shading help to focus quickly and reliable to the interesting points for editing, modifying or viewing. Figure 70: shows the same geographical spot in nine different viewing settings. Every viewing setting focuses on a different part of the data. Smoothed data needs more computation performance when viewing large data sets in total, but give the viewer better quality and more comfort. Iso lines generalize large and dense point data sets, helping the user to still overview the complete data set, but they do not show the original point measurement. Depending to the users demand, it is possible to switch between the different views easily with the Point Style dropdown box.
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9.5. Abbreviations/Dictionary
VERTEX
You create a polyline by specifying the vertices of each segment (see Diagram 1.9.5-1).
POLYLINE
In computer graphics, a continuous line composed of one or more line segments is called polyline. You can create a polyline by specifying vertices of each segment. In drawing programs, you can treat a polyline as a single object, or divide it into its component segments.
Figure 71:
CUT & PASTE
To remove an object from a document and place it in a buffer. In word processing, for example, cut means to move a section of text from a document to a temporary buffer. This is one way to delete text. However, because the text is transferred to a buffer, it is not lost forever. You can copy the buffer somewhere else in the document or in another document, which is called pasting. To move a section of text from one place to another, therefore, you need to first cut it and then paste it. This is often called cut-and- paste. Most applications have only one buffer, sometimes called a clipboard. If you make two cuts in succession, the text from the original cut will be replaced by the text from the second cut.
DRAG & DROP
Describes applications that allow you to drag objects to specific locations on the screen to perform actions on them. For example, you can drag a document to the trashcan icon to delete it. This is a classic case of drag-and-drop functionality.
GUI
A key on computer keyboards that gives the other keys an alternate meaning. When combined with alphabetic keys, the Shift key causes the system to output a capital letter. The Shift key can also be combined with other keys to produce program dependent results.
STRG/CTRL
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A key on PC keyboards labeled STRG/CTRL. You use the Control key in the same way that you use the Shift key -keeping it pressed down while pressing another character or mouse button.
CONTEXT MENU
When using an application or an operating system, the menu that appears when you click on the right-hand button of a twobutton mouse (also called right clicking). The contextual menu appears at the cursor or where the pointer was placed when clicked.
UNDO
To return to a previous state by undoing the effects of one or more commands. It lets you try unknown commands with less risk, because you can always return to the previous state. Also, if you accidentally press the wrong function key, you can undo your mistake. It allows you to undo an unlimited number of commands. Each time you press the undo key, the previous command is undone. You can roll back an entire editing session this way.
TOOLBARS
A series of selectable buttons in a GUI that give the user an easy way to select application functions. Toolbars are displayed as either a horizontal row or a vertical column around the edges of the GUI. Toolbars give the user another option aside from pull-down menus.
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Figure 72: Tilted Planes calculated at three random positions within a point cloud
Figure 73: Perspective view of tilted plane in steep area with eight sector coordinate bar From the current location DTMaster searches in all eight sectors for the closest point. Lines crossing or adding vertices to the sectors are used, too (see Figure 74:). If the line intersection points or vertices are the closest points in the sector, they are used instead of points from this sector. Sector 3 and 4 in the Figure
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74: do not have points, which are closer for interpolation related to the break line crossing these sectors. Sector 1,4, and 8 in Figure 74: have mass points closer then line intersection points or vertices in its sector, ignoring the line information for interpolation.
Figure 74: Eight sector coordinate bar for interpolation position of selected point Figure 75: shows the final selection from all sectors with its distances, used for the interpolation for the current point. The moving tilted plane algorithm uses distance weights () for calculating the interpolated height of the current point. 1 = s2
Figure 75:
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9.7. References
http://www.webopedia.com/ http://www.immersion.com/industrial/products/softmouse.php
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INPHO's entire liability shall be either the repair or the replacement of any SOFTWARE PRODUCT(S), which does not meet the respective warranties given above, or a refund of the purchase price of the defective software. In no event will INPHO be liable for any damages arising out of or in connection with the use of SOFTWARE PRODUCT(S) or the inability to use SOFTWARE PRODUCT(S). In the event END USER neglects or fails to pay the appropriate purchase price or license fee(s), or to adhere to any of its obligations hereunder, this EULA shall immediately terminate, and SOFTWARE PRODUCT(S) will have to be returned to INPHO immediately. All additional arrangements or alterations of this EULA require the written permission of both parties. The laws of the Federal Republic of Germany shall govern this EULA. The place of jurisdiction is Stuttgart, Germany.
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