AS 4090—1993

Australian Standard
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Whole blood—Determination of
lead content—Graphite furnace
atomic absorption spectrometric
method
 This Australian Standard was prepared by Committee CH/6, Analysis of Body Fluids
for Metals Content. It was approved on behalf of the Council of Standards Australia
on 30 October 1992 and published on 13 April 1993.

The following interests are represented on Committee CH/6:

Australian Association of Clinical Biochemists
Australian Institute of Medical Scientists
Australian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy
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Australian Mining Industry Council

Confederation of Australian Industry
Department of Health, New South Wales
Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science
Royal College of Pathologists of Australia
Royal North Shore Hospital
Royal Prince Alfred Hospital
Womens and Childrens Hospital, Adelaide

Review of Australian Standards. To keep abreast of progress in industry, Australi an Standards are subject
to periodic review and are kept up to date by the issue of amendments or new editi ons as necessary. It is
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Full details of all Australi an Standards and related publications will be found in the Standards Australia
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are welcomed. Noti fi cati on of any inaccuracy or ambiguity found in an Australian Standard should be made
without delay in order that the matter may be investigated and appropriate action taken.

This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 90194.

 AS 4090—1993

Australian Standard
This is a free 6 page sample. Access the full version at http://infostore.saiglobal.com.

Whole blood—Determination of
lead content—Graphite furnace
atomic absorption spectrometric
method

First publi shed as AS 4090—1993.

PUBLISHED BY STANDARDS AUSTRALIA

(STANDARDS ASSOCIATION OF AUSTRALIA)
1 THE CRESCENT, HOMEBUSH, NSW 2140
ISBN 0 7262 7938 2
 AS 4090— 1993 2

PREFACE
This Standard was prepared by the Standards Australia Committee on the Analysis of Body
Fluids for Metals Content, under the direction of the Multitechnics Standards Policy Board,
to provide a method using matrix-matched calibration standards and direct injection into a
furnace atomic absorption spectrometer for the determination of lead in whole blood.
This method is intended for use in conjunction with AS 2134.2, Graphite furnace
spectrometry.
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COPYRIGHT
 3 AS 4090 — 1993

CONTENTS
Page
1 SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3 PRINCIPLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
4 REAGENT REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
5 APPARATUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
6 SAMPLING AND SAMPLE PREPARATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
7 INSTRUMENT OPERATING PARAMETERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
8 TEST PROCEDURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
9 PRECISION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
10 TEST REPORT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

APPENDIX A RECOMMENDED PRECAUTIONS FOR PERSONS PERFORMING

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LABORATORY TESTS ON CLINICAL SPECIMENS OR OTHER

POTENTIALLY INFECTIOUS MATERIAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
 AS 4090—1993 4

STANDARDS AUSTRALIA

Australian Standard

Whole blood—Determination of lead content—

Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometric method

1 SCOPE This Standard sets
procedure for the determination
applicable to the determination
6.0 µmol/L, provided that the
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out a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometric
of lead in venous and capillary blood. The method is
of lead in whole blood in the range 0.25 µmol/L to

recommended precautions are taken to prevent clot

formation in the sample, and that the sample is preserved prior to analysis (see Clause 6).

2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS The following documents are referred to in this

Standard:
AS
2134 Recommended practice for chemical analysis by atomic absorption
spectrometry
2134.2 Part 2: Graphite furnace spectrometry

2162 Code of practice for the use of volumetric glassware

2164 One-mark volumetric flasks

2166 One-mark pipettes
2252 Biological safety cabinets
2252.1 Biological safety cabinets (Class 1) for personnel protection
2636 Sampling of venous and capillary blood for the determination of lead or
cadmium concentration
2850 Chemical analysis—Interlaboratory test programs—For determining precision
of analytical method(s)—Guide to the planning and conduct

3 PRINCIPLE Blood is diluted with diammonium hydrogen phosphate and surfactant.

The concentration of lead is determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption
spectrometry.

4 REAGENT REQUIREMENTS
4.1 General All reagents shall be of analytical reagent grade. Distilled or deionized
water shall be used throughout.
WARNING: The reagents and solutions used in this method may constitute a
health hazard and due care should be taken in their handling.

4.2 Calibration blood Human or porcine blood containing less than 0.5 µmol/L lead,
prepared in accordance with Clause 6.
4.3 Solutions
4.3.1 Nitric acid (ρ20 1.42 g/mL)

COPYRIGHT
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AS 4090-1993, Whole blood - Determination of lead

content - Graphite furnace atomic absorption
spectrometric method
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