2011-2012

Crane Runway Girder

Dr. Ibrahim Fahdah Damascus University

https://sites.google.com/site/ifahdah/home/lectures

2011-2012

2011-2012

Components of Crane system

2011-2012

The Crane Runway Girder and the Structure

Issue1: Vertical Load Transformation The support method of the crane runway girder depends on the magnitude of the reactions being transmitted. Some typical arrangements ranging from the lightest to the heaviest are shown

2011-2012

The Crane Runway Girder and the Structure

Issue2: Free Rotation at the Supports Free rotation at the supports of crane runway girders is important in order to prevent bending and torsional moments in the columns.

2011-2012

The Crane Runway Girder and the Structure

Issue3: Transverse Load Transformation Figure (b) illustrates the reversible strain to which the girder web is subjected - an action leading to the result shown in Figure (c)

Dangerous details for lateral forces

2011-2012

The Crane Runway Girder and the Structure

Issue3 could easily be prevented by simply connecting the top flange directly to the column, as shown. The top flange acts as a horizontal beam delivering its reaction to the column.

2011-2012

Typical Section of Crane Girders

2011-2012

Rail Fastenings

2011-2012

Design Procedure (BS5950 Code)

2011-2012

Classification of Cranes

2011-2012

Step1: Calculate the maximum vertical Loads

The weight of the trolley (carriage) + Lifted Load (Rh) The weight of the crane bridge (Rs) The self weight of the crane girder & Rails (Rg)
Note: The load to the crane girder will be maximum when trolley wheels are closest to the girder.

2011-2012

Step1: Calculate the maximum vertical Loads (cont.)

For Warehouse or workshop F=1.3 => the load combinations below

Conservatively we can simplify the calculation , a factor of 1.3 can be applied simultaneously to both the lifted load and to the self-weight of the crane.

2011-2012

Step1: Calculate the maximum vertical Loads (cont.)

So the maximum unfactored static point load per wheel, assuming there are two wheels on each side, is: Rw=1.3*0.5*(Rs/2+Rh*(Lc-ah)/Lc)

2011-2012

Step2: Calculate the Horizontal Loads

Plan View

2011-2012

Step2: Calculate the Horizontal Loads

Inertia forces produced by the motion drives or brakes. Referred to as the surge load. (clause 3.1.5.1 of BS 2573-1:1983[4]).
Skew loads due to travelling referred to as the crabbing force. (clause 3.1.5.2, BS 2573: Part 1:1983 [4])

2011-2012

Step2: Calculate the Horizontal Loads

Transverse Surge load is taken as 10% of the combined weight of the crab and the lifted load.
Longitudinal Surge load of 5% of the static vertical reactions. (i.e. from the weight of the crab, crane bridge and lifted load).

Crabbing forces are obtained from clause 4.11.2 (BS 5950-1:2000). If the crane is class Q1 or Q2, then the crabbing forces would not need to be considered.
Note : Horizontal loads need not to be combined together.

2011-2012

Step3: Load Combinations

Wv FR Wh1 Wheel Wh2 Rail

Load combination according to BS 5950-1:2000 (Table 2) are: LC1 =1.4 DL + 1.6 Wv LC2 =1.4 DL + 1.6 (Wh1 or Wh2 or FR) LC3 =1.4 DL + 1.4 Wv + 1.4 (Wh1 or Wh2 or FR)

2011-2012

Step4: Design Checks

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Major axis bending Lateral-torsional buckling Horizontal moment capacity Consider combined vertical and horizontal moments Web shear at supports Local compression under wheels Web bearing and buckling under the wheel Deflection

2011-2012

Major Axis Bending

For plastic section: Note : Sx is for the whole section
Check limit to avoid irreversible deformation under serviceability loads.
BS 5950-1-2000 4.2.5.1

BS 5950-1-2000 4.2.5

Note: for section classification of compound I- or H-sections, see BS 5950-1-2000 : 3.5.3 & Table 11. Note: Moment capacity should be reduced in case of high shear according to BS 5950-1-2000 : 4.2.5.3

2011-2012

Lateral-Torsional Buckling
Check gantry girder as an unrestrained member for vertical loads. Due to interaction between crane wheels and crane rails, crane loads need not be treated as destabilizing, assuming that the rails are not mounted on resilient pads. No account should be taken of the effect of moment gradient i.e. mLT (lateral-torsional buckling factor) should be taken as 1.0.
BS 5950-2000 4.11.3

BS 5950-2000 4.11.3 BS 5950-2000 4.3.6.3 ,4.3.6.2, and 4.3.6.4

Pb is the bending strength and is dependent on the design strength py and the equivalent slenderness LT.
BS 5950-2000 4.3.6.7(a)

For compound section (Rolled section + plate ), use I and H with unequal flanges to calculate LT.

2011-2012

Horizontal Moment Capacity

Horizontal loads are assumed to be carried by the top flange plate only.

Moment capacity of the top flange plate, Mc,plate is equal to the lesser of 1.2py Zplate and py*Splate.

BS 5950-1-2000 4.2.5

2011-2012

Consider Combined Vertical and Horizontal Moments 1-Section Capacity:

BS 5950-1-2000 4.8.3.2

2-Buckling Capacity: simplified method

BS 5950-1-2000 4.8.3.3.1

For simplicity take maximum M x and M y (rather than coexistent M x and M y) and assume that the minor axis loads are carried by the plate only. M LT is the maximum major axis moment in the segment. Note : mx, my factors can be taken as 1.0 for simplicity.

2011-2012

Web Shear at Supports

BS 5950-1-2000 4.8.3

Note: It is ok to assume that the sear is resisted by the UB section => Av = tD (for rolled I-sections, load parallel to web)

BS 5950-1-2000 4.8.3 (a)

2011-2012

Local Compression under Wheels

The local compressive stress in the web due to a crane wheel load may be obtained by distributing it over a length xR given by:
BS 5950-1-2000 4.11.1

45

HR Tplate Tflange

2(HR+T) The stress (fw) obtained by dispersing the wheel load over the length xR should not be greater than py for the web.

2011-2012

Web bearing and buckling under the wheel/supports

BS 5950-1-2000 4.5.2.1

Bearing capacity of web for unstiffened web

Buckling resistance of the unstiffened web

BS 5950-1-2000 4.5.31.

2011-2012

Deflections
Vertical deflection due to static vertical wheel loads from overhead travelling cranes
BS 5950-1-2000 2.5.2 Table 8(c)

Horizontal deflection (calculated on the top flange properties alone) due to horizontal crane loads

Note : The deflection of crane beams can be important and the exact calculations can be complex with a system of rolling loads. However, For two equal loads, a useful assumption is that the maximum deflection occurs at the centre of the span when the loads are positioned equidistant about the centre.