AS LEVEL CHEMISTRY

1.1.1 ATOMS
1.2.1 ELECTRON STRUCTURE
1.3.1 PERIODICITY

ASSESSED HOMEWORK

Answer all questions

Max 61 marks

Name

..

Mark

../61

Paddington Academy

....%

Grade

1.

The Group 7 element bromine was discovered by Balard in 1826. Bromine gets its
name from the Greek bromos meaning stench.
Bromine consists of a mixture of two isotopes,
(i)

79

Br and

81

Br.

What is meant by the term isotopes?

.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
[1]

(ii)

Complete the table below to show the atomic structures of the bromine isotopes.
protons

neutrons

electrons

79

Br

81

Br
[2]

(iii)

Write the full electronic configuration of a bromine atom.

2

1s .................................................................
[1]
[Total 4 marks]

2.

Metal A can be identified from its relative atomic mass.

Analysis of a fifty pence coin showed that two isotopes of metal A were present with
the following percentage abundances.
isotope

isotope 1

isotope 2

relative isotopic mass

63.0

65.0

% abundance

77.2

22.8

(i)

Define the term relative atomic mass.

.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
[3]

(ii)

Calculate the relative atomic mass of the sample of metal A.

Give your answer to three significant figures.
answer ...........................
[2]

(iii)

Use your answer to (iii) and the Data Sheet to suggest the identify of metal A.
.........................................................................................................................
[1]
[Total 6 marks]

3.

The element titanium, Ti, atomic number 22, is a metal that is used in the aerospace
industry for both airframes and engines.
A sample of titanium for aircraft construction was analysed using a mass spectrometer
46
47
48
and was found to contain three isotopes, Ti, Ti and Ti. The results of the analysis
are shown in the table below.
46

isotope

47

Ti

Ti

48

Ti

relative isotopic mass

46.00

47.00

48.00

percentage composition

8.9

9.8

81.3

(a)

(i)

Explain the term isotopes.

................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
[1]

(ii)

Complete the table below for atoms of two of the titanium isotopes.
isotope

protons

neutrons

electrons

46

Ti

47

Ti
[2]

(b)

Using the information in the first table, calculate the relative atomic mass of this
sample of titanium.
Give your answer to three significant figures.
[2]
[Total 5 marks]

Paddington Academy

4.

A sample of carbon was found to contain 95% of

(i)

12

13

C and 5% of

C.

13

The C isotope has a relative isotopic mass of 13.00.

Define the term relative isotopic mass.
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii)

Calculate the relative atomic mass of this sample of carbon to three significant
figures.
Ar = ............................................
[2]
[Total 4 marks]

5.

Magnesium exists naturally as a mixture of its isotopes,

24

Mg,

25

Mg and

26

Mg.

The isotopes in magnesium can be separated by mass spectrometry. The diagram

below shows a mass spectrometer.
(i)

Complete the table below to show the composition of the

isotopes.
protons
25

Mg

26

Mg

neutrons

25

Mg and

26

Mg

electrons

[2]

(ii)

Complete the electronic configuration of an atom of

24

Mg.

1s ....................................................................................................................
[1]

(iii) Results from the mass spectrum of a sample of magnesium are shown below.
isotope

24

25

26

relative isotopic mass

24.00

25.00

26.00

% abundance

78.60

10.11

11.29

Mg

Mg

Mg

Calculate the relative atomic mass of the sample of magnesium.

Give your answer to two decimal places.
answer ...............................
[2]
[Total 5 marks]

6.

The diagram below shows the variation in the first ionisation energies of elements
across Period 2 of the Periodic Table.
2

fir s t io n is a tio n
1
e n e rg y
/ k J m o l 1
1
5

L
0 0
0

e
B

5
a

(i)

N
B

t o

i c

n u

6
m

Define the term first ionisation energy.

.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
[3]

(ii)

Explain why the first ionisation energies show a general increase across
Period 2.
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
[2]

Paddington Academy

(iii)

Explain why the first ionisation energy of B is less than that of Be.
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total 7 marks]

7.

Antimony, Sb, is a metal used in alloys to make lead harder. Bullets contain about 1%
of antimony for this reason.
Antimony has two main isotopes.
(i)

What do you understand by the term isotopes?

.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
[1]

(ii)

Complete the table below to show the properties of particles that make up
isotopes.
proton

neutron

electron

relative mass
relative charge
[2]
[Total 3 marks]

8.

In their reactions, calcium and strontium each lose electrons to form ions with a 2+
charge. The first and second ionisation energies of calcium and strontium are shown
below.

(i)

1st ionisation energy

1
/ kJ mol

2nd ionisation energy

1
/ kJ mol

calcium

590

1145

strontium

550

1064

Write an equation, with state symbols, to represent the second ionisation energy
of calcium.
.........................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii)

Why are the second ionisation energies of calcium and strontium greater than
their first ionisation energies?
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
[1]

(iii)

Explain why the first and second ionisation energies of strontium are less than
those of calcium.
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
[3]
[Total 6 marks]

Paddington Academy

9.

Electrons are arranged in energy levels.

(a)

An orbital is a region in which an electron may be found.

Draw diagrams to show the shape of an s orbital and of a p orbital.

s orbital

p orbital
[2]

(b)

Complete the table below to show how many electrons completely fill each of
the following.
number of electrons
a d orbital
a p sub-shell
the third shell (n = 3)
[3]

(c)

The energy diagram below is for the eight electrons in an oxygen atom. The
diagram is incomplete as it only shows the two electrons in the 1s level.

r g

Complete the diagram for the oxygen atom by:

(i)

adding labels for the other sub-shell levels,

[1]

(ii)

adding arrows to show how the other electrons are arranged.

[1]
[Total 7 marks]

10.

Successive ionisation energies provide evidence for the arrangement of electrons in

atoms. The table below shows the eight successive ionisation energies of oxygen.
ionisation number

1st

2nd

3rd

4th

5th

6th

7th

8th

ionisation
1
energy / kJ mol

1 314

3 388

5 301

7 469

10 989

13 327

71
337

84 080

(i)

Define the term first ionisation energy.

.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
[3]

(ii)

Write an equation, with state symbols, to represent the third ionisation energy of
oxygen.
.........................................................................................................................
[2]

(iii)

Explain how the information in the table above provides evidence for two electron
shells in oxygen.
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total 7 marks]

11.

Relative atomic mass, Ar, can be used to compare the masses of atoms of different
elements.
(i)

Explain what you understand by the term relative atomic mass.

.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
[3]

Paddington Academy

(ii)

The antimony in a bullet was analysed by a forensic scientist to help solve a

crime. The antimony was found to have the following percentage composition by
121
123
mass: Sb, 57.21%; Sb, 42.79%.
Calculate a value for the relative atomic mass of the antimony. Give your answer
to 4 significant figures.
Ar ...................................
[2]
[Total 5 marks]

12.

Carbon is in the p-block of the Periodic Table. Naturally occurring carbon contains a
12
13
mixture of two isotopes, C and C.
Complete the table below for the atomic structure of the isotopes
isotope
12

13

protons

neutrons

12

C and

13

C.

electrons

[Total 2 marks]