PracticesMakePerfectMathematics_SPM2012 hanifharun@SMKTTDI

CHAPTER 5: VARIATIONS
IMPORTANT CONCEPTS Direct Variations Using symbol ` , y x P Q2 M

Statement y varies directly as x P varies directly as Q2 M is directly proportional to

Equation with k as constant of variation y = kx P = kQ2 M=k N

Statement y varies inversely as x P varies inversely as Q

2

Inverse Variations Using symbol ` , y

Equation with k as constant of variation y=

M is inversely proportional to

x 1 P Q2 1 M N
Joint Variations Using symbol ` , w xy P q r2 s d R

M=

x k P= 2 Q k N

Statement w varies directly as x and y P varies directly as q and r2 s varies directly t and inversely as u d varies directly as e2 and inversely as

Equation with k as constant of variation w = kxy P = kq r2 s= d= R=

t u e2

kt u ke2

f
1 M N

f
k

R varies inversely as M and

M N

4 steps to solve problems involving variations: STEP 1 : Change the statement using the symbol . STEP 2 : Write down the equation connecting the variables using k as the constant of variation. STEP 3 : Find the value of k. STEP 4 : Find the value of variable required.

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A) DIRECT VARIATION
EXAMPLE 1: Given that P varies directly as Q and P =

1 when Q = 2. 3
P Q P = kQ

Express P in terms of Q and find the value of P when Q = 18. STEP 1 : Symbol STEP 2 : Equation STEP 3 : Find the value of k,

, k = constant

1 = k(2) 3 1 = 2k 3 1 k = 6

THEN, substitute k = HENCE,

1 in the equation P = kQ. 6 1 P= Q 6

P=

STEP 4:Find the value of P when Q = 18,

1 18 6

P=3 Exercises: 1. Given that y varies directly as x and y = 15 when x = 5. a) Express y in terms of x. b) Find the value of y when x = 4.

2.

Given that P Q 2 and P = 10 when Q = 2. a) Express P in terms of Q. b) Find the value of P when Q = 4.

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3.

Given that y varies directly as x and y = 6 when x = 9. c) Express y in terms of x. d) Find the value of y when x = 25.

4.

It is given that m varies directly as n 3 and m = 32 when n = 2. Express m in terms of n and find the value of m when n =

1 . 2

EXAMPLE 2 : P varies directly as x 2 where x = 5 + y. Given that P = 72 when y = 1. a) Express P in terms of x. b) Find the values of y when P = 200. STEP 1 : Symbol P x2 STEP 2 : Equation P = k x2 , k = constant STEP 3 : Find the value of k, substitute and x = 5 + y in the above equation: P = k(5 + y) 2 Then substitute P=72 and y = 1, 72 = k(5 + 1) 2 72 = 36k k=

72 6

k=2 THEN, substitute k = 2 in the equation P = k x 2 HENCE, P = 2 x2 STEP 4:Find the value of y when P = 200 by substitute x = 5 + y 200 = 2(5 + y) 2 100 = (5 + y) 2

100 = 5 + y 10 = 5 + y
y = 10 5 y=5
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and and

y = -10 5 y = -15

PracticesMakePerfectMathematics_SPM2012 hanifharun@SMKTTDI

Exercises: 1. M varies directly as x 2 where x = 3 + y. Given that M = 64 when y = 1. a) Express M in terms of x. b) Find the values of y when M = 400.

2.

Given that T S 2 and S = 2w 3, and T = 12 when W = 1. a)Express T in terms of S b)Find the value of T when W = 5

B) INVERSE VARIATION
EXAMPLE 1: Given that y varies inversely as x and y = 6 when x = 4. Express y in terms of x and find the value of y when x = 3. STEP 1 : Symbol STEP 2 : Equation STEP 3 : Find the value of k,

1 x k y= x k 6= 4
y k = 24

, k = constant

THEN, substitute k = 24 in the equation y = HENCE,

k . x 24 y= x
y=

STEP 4:Find the value of y when x = 3,

24 3

y=8

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Exercises: 1. Given that y varies inversely as x and x = 4 when y = 3. a. Express y in terms of x. b. Find the value of y when x = 6.

2. Given that P varies inversely as x and P = 6 when x = find the value of P when x = 3 .

1 . Express P in terms of x and 3

1 3

3. Given that y varies inversely as x 2 and y = 2 when x = 4. a) Express y in terms of x b) Find the value of y when x = 2.

4. Given that S varies inversely as square root of r and S = 5 when r = 16. a) Express S in terms of r. b) Find the value of S when r = 25.

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5. Given that P varies inversely as P Q 6 9

Q . Complete the following table.

2

6. The table below shows some values of the variables M and N such that N varies inversely as the square root of M. M 4 36 N 6 2 Find the relation between M and N.

C) JOINT VARIATION
EXAMPLE 1: (DIRECT VARIATION & DIRECT VARIATION) y varies directly as x and z. Given that y = 12 when x = 2 and z = 3. a) Express y in terms of x and y, b) Find the value of y when x = 5 and z = 2. STEP 1 : Symbol STEP 2 : Equation STEP 3 : Find the value of k, y xz y = kxz 12 = k (2)(3) 12 = 6k k=2

, k = constant

THEN, substitute k = 2 in the equation y = kxz. HENCE, y = 2xz STEP 4:Find the value of y when x = 5 and z = 2, y = 2(5)(2) y = 20

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Exercises: 1. p varies directly as q and r. Given that p = 36 when q = 4 and r = 3. a) Express p in terms of q and r, b) Find the value of p when q = 3 and r = 3.

2. Given that y mn and y = 20 when m = 2 and n = 5. a) Express y in terms of m and n b) Find the value of y when m = 3 and n = 4.

EXAMPLE 2: ( INVERSE VARIATION & INVERSE VARIATION) Given that y varies inversely as x and z. y = 10 when x = 2 and z = 4. Express y in terms of x and z, then find the value of y when x = 4 and z = 5. STEP 1 : Symbol STEP 2 : Equation STEP 3 : Find the value of k,

1 xz k y= xz k 10 = 2( 4 )
y k = 80

, k = constant

THEN, substitute k = 80 in the equation y = HENCE,

k . xz 80 y= xz
y=

STEP 4:Find the value of y when x = 4 and z = 5,

80 4(5) 80 y= , y = 4. 20

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Exercises: 1. Given that m

1 x y

and m = 3 when x = 3 and y = 16. Express m in terms of x and y. Find

the value of y when m = 9 and x = 12.

2. Given that y d = 4.

1 and y = 2 when d = 3 and e = 4, calculate the value of e when y = 3 and d 2e

EXAMPLE 3 (DIRECT VARIATION + INVERSE VARIATION) 1. Given that y varies directly as x and varies inversely as v and y = 10 when x = 4 and v=5. a) Express y in terms of x and v b) Find the value of y when x = 2 and v = 15. STEP 1 : Symbol STEP 2 : Equation STEP 3 : Find the value of k,

x v kx y= v k4 10 = 5
y 50 = 4k k=

, k = constant

25 2

THEN, substitute k = HENCE,

25 kx in the equation y =. 2 v 25 x y= 2v

STEP 4:Find the value of y when x = 2 and v = 15,

25(2) 2(15) 5 50 y= , y= . 3 30
y=

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Exercises: 1. M varies directly as N and varies inversely as P and m = 6 when N = 3 and P = 4. a) Express M in terms of N and P. b) Calculate the value of M when N = 5 and P = 2.

2. Given that w x= 18 and y = 36.

x and w = 10 when x = 8 and y = 16. Calculate the value of w when y

3. F varies directly as G to the power of two and varies inversely as H. Given that F = 6 when G = 3 and H = 2, express F in terms of G and H. Find the value of G when F = 27 and H = 4.

4. Given that S 2 and M = -4.

P and S = 6 when P = 3 and M = 2. Calculate the value of P when S = M3

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5. Given that p varies directly as x and inversely as the square root of y. If p = 8 when x = 6 and y = 9. a. express p in terms of x and y, b. calculate the value of y when p = 6 and x = 9.

EXAMPLE 4: The table shows some values of the variables d, e and f. d e f Given that d 12 9 4 10 25 m

e f

a) express d in terms of e and f b) calculate the value of m. STEP 1 : Symbol STEP 2 : Equation d d=

e f k e f
k 9 4
, k = constant

STEP 3 : Find the value of k, substitute d = 12, e = 9, and f = 4 12 =

48 = 3k k = 16 THEN, substitute k = 16 in the equation HENCE, d =. d=

k e f 16 e f
16 25 m 10m = 16 5,
10m = 80 m = 10

STEP 4:Find the value of m (f) when d = 10 and e = 25, 10 =

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PracticesMakePerfectMathematics_SPM2012 hanifharun@SMKTTDI

Exercises: 1. The table shows the relation between three variables D, E and F. D 2 E 3 6 F 4 m

1 2
Given that D

1 EF

a) express D in terms of E and F b) calculate the value of m.

2. The table shows some values of the variables w, x and y, such that w varies directly as the square root of x and inversely as y. w 18 3 x 9 K y 2 36

a) find the equation connecting w x and y. b) calculate the value of K.

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Objective Questions 1. The table shows relation between the variables, x and y. If y x , find the value of m. X Y A. 2 5 B. 7 M C. 8 D.

10 7

14 5

35 2

2. m n 2 9 X 25

The table shows the relation between the variables, m and n. If m varies inversely as the square root of n, then x = A.

18 25

B.

6 5

C.

28 3

D.

50 9

3. It is given that y

v2 , and y = 6 when v = 4 and w = 8, calculate the positive value of v w

B. 6 C. 12.5 D. 25

when y = 25 and w = 3. A. 5

4. Given that y varies inversely as x and y = 5 when x = A. y =

15 x

B. y = 15x

C. y =

5 3x

1 , express y in terms of x. 3 3 D. y = 5x

5. Given that y varies directly as x, and y = 6 when x = 2, express y in terms of x. A. y =

1 3x

B. y = 3x

C. y = 12x

D. y =

12 x

6. Given that P varies inversely as

Q , and P = 2 when Q = 9, express P in terms of Q.

C. P =

A. P =

2 3

B. P = 6 Q

6 Q

D. P =

18 Q

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7. The relation between the variables, P, x and y is represented by P x m y n . If P varies directly as the square of x and inversely as the cube of y, then m + n = A. -1 B. 1 C. 5 D. -6

8. Given that y varies directly as x n . If x is the radius and y is the height of the cyclinder whose volume is a constant, then the value of n is A. -2 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3

9. The table shows the corresponding values of d and e. The relation between the variables d and e is represented by d e A.e d 1 30 B. e 4 15 9 10 C. e 16 7.5

1 d

1 d

D. e

1 d2

10. T varies directly as the square root of p and inversely as the square root of g. This joint variation can be written as A. T

pg

B. T

p2 g

C. T

p g

D. T

p g2

11. It is given that m varies inversely as s and t. If m = 3 when s = 2 and t = 4, find the value of m when s = 2 and t = 6. A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5

12. It is given that G

1 H2

H = 5M -1. If G =3 when M = 2, express G in terms of H.

A. G =

9 H2

B. G =

27 H2

C. G =

243 H2

D. G =

243 H

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13. d e f 6 3 2 8 X 5

The table shows the relation between the three variables d, e and f. If d value of x A. 6 B. 10 C. 12 D. 13

e , calculate the f

14. It is given that y x n . If y varies inversely as the square root of x, then the value of n is A.

1 2

B.

1 2

C. -1

D. 2

15. F 6 12 G 9 m H 2 3

The table shows the relation between the three variables, F,G and H. If F varies directly as the square root of G and inversely as H, then the value of m is A. 3 B. 9 C. 81 D. 144

16. S P M 2 3 4 3 1 X

The table shows the relation between the variables, S, P and M. If S the value of x A. 4 17. Given that p A. p = B. 8 C. 16

1 P M

, calculate

D. 64

x2 and p = 6 when x = 2 and y = 3, express p in terms of x and y y

B. p =

9x2 2y

2x2 9y

C. p =

x2 9y

D. p =

9x2 y

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18. Given that y varies directly as x 2 and that y = 80 when x = 4, express y in terms of x A. y = x 2 19. w x y 2 12 9 3 24 m B. y = 5x C. y = 5x 2 D. y =

1280 x2

The table shows the relation between the three variables, w, x and y. If w the value of m A. 2 B. 4 C. 8 D. 16

x y

, calculate

20. If M varies directly as the square root of N, the relation between M and N is
1

A. M N

B. M N 2

C. M N 2

D. M

1
1

N2

PAST YEAR QUESTIONS

1. SPM 2003(Nov) Given that p is directly proportional to n 2 and p = 36, express p in terms of n A. p = n 2 B. p = 4n 2 C. p = 9n 2 D. p = 12n 2

2. SPM 2003(Nov) w x y 2 8 4 3 18 n

The table shows some values of the variables, w, x and y which satisfy the relationship w

x y
A. 6

, calculate the value of n

B. 9

C. 12

D. 36

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3. SPM 2004(Nov) P varies directly as the square root of Q. The relation between P and Q is
1

A. P Q 2 4. SPM 2004(Nov) P 3 6

B. P Q 2

C. P

1 Q
1 2

D. P

1 Q2

M 8 w

r 4 9 p

The table shows the relation between the three variables p, m and r. Given that

m r

, calculate the value of w B. 24 C. 36 D. 81

A. 16 5. SPM 2004(Jun)

The relation between p, n and r is p

n . It is given that p = 4 when n = 8 and r = 6. r

C. 32 D. 48

Calculate the value of p when n = 64 and r = 3 A. 16 6. SPM 2004(Jun) It is given that p varies inversely with w and p = 6 when w = 2. Express p in terms of w. A. p = B. 24

3 w

B.

12 w

C. p = 3w

D. p = 12w

7. SPM 2005(Nov) The table shows some values of the variables x and y such that y varies inversely as the square root of x. x y 4 6 16 3

Find the relation between y and x. A. y = 3 x B.

12 x

C.

3 2 x 8

D.

96 x2

8. SPM 2005(Nov) It is given that y varies directly as the square root of x and y = 15 when x = 9. Calculate the value of x when y = 30. A. 5
Variations

B. 18
328

C. 25

D. 36

PracticesMakePerfectMathematics_SPM2012 hanifharun@SMKTTDI

9. SPM 2005(Nov) The table shows some values of the variables w, x and y such that w varies directly as the square of x and inversely as y. W 40 M Calculate the value of m. A. 90 x 4 6 y 2 4

B. 45

C. 30

D. 15

10. SPM 2005(Jun) Table shows values of the variables x and y. x y 3 5 m 15

It is given x varies directly with y. Calculate the value of m. A. 6 B. 9 C. 12

D. 15

11. SPM 2005(Jun) P varies directly with the square of R and inversely with Q. It is given that P = 2 when Q = 3 and R = 4. Express P in terms of R and Q.

3R 2 A. P = 8Q

B.

32Q 3R 2

C.

3 R Q

D. P =

4Q 3 R

12. SPM 2006(Jun) It is given that y varies inversely with x and y = 21 when x = 3. Express y in terms of x. A. y = 7x B. y =

x 7

C. y =

1 63 x

D. y =

63 x

13. SPM 2006(Jun) Table 2 shows two sets of values of Y, V and W. Y V 3 5 W 12 18

3 5
m

It is given that Y varies directly with the square of V and inversely with W. Find the value of m. A.

5 3

B.

4 9
329

C.

10 9

D.

6 25

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PracticesMakePerfectMathematics_SPM2012 hanifharun@SMKTTDI

14. SPM 2007(Nov) Table 1 shows some values of the variables x and y. x y 2 4 n 32

It is given that y varies directly as the cube of x. Calculate the value of n. A. 4 B. 8 C. 16 D. 30 15. SPM 2007(Nov) P varies inversely as the square root of M. Given that the constant is k, find the relation between P and M.
1

A. P kM 2

B. P

k M
1 2

C. P kM 2

D. P

k M2

16. SPM 2007(Nov) The relation between the variables x, y and z is x and z = 8. Calculate the value of z when x = A. 2 17. SPM 2007(Jun) It is given that P varies inversely with Q and P = P and Q. A. P B. 18

y 5 . It is given that x = when y = 2 z 4

5 and y = 6. 3
C. 32 D. 72

2 1 when Q = . Find the relation between 5 2

4 Q 5

B. P

1 Q 5

C. P

4 5Q

D. P

1 5Q

18. SPM 2007(Jun)

G2 Table shows some values of the variables F, G and H that satisfy F . H

F 20 108 Calculate the value of p. A. 5 B. 9 C. 10 D. 18 G 2 6 H 3 p

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19. SPM 2008(Nov) Table shows some values of the variables R and T. It is given that R varies directly as T . R T Find the value of y. A. 24 20. SPM 2008(Nov) Given y varies inversely as x 3 , and that y = 4 when x = . Calculate the value of x when y = B. 27 C. 48 D. 64 54 36 72 y

1 . 16 1 A. 8
21. SPM 2008(Nov)

B.

C. 2

D. 8

It is given that P varies directly as the square root of Q and inversely as the square of R. Find the relation between P, Q and R. A. P

Q2 R

B. P

Q R
2

C. P

R2 Q

D. P

R Q2

22. SPM 2008 (Jun) It is given that p varies directly as the square root of w and that p = 5 when w = 4 . Express p in terms of w. A. p

5 2 w 16

B. p

80 w2

C. p

5 w 2

D. p

10 w

23. SPM 2008(Jun) Table shows some values of the variables m and n, such that m varies inversely as the cube of n m n Calculate the value of x. A.

1 2
2

x 3

4 27

B.

4 9

C.

9 16

D.

27 16

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ANSWERS Chapter 21 Variations A) DIRECT VARIATION Example 1: No. 1. a) y = 3x b) y = 12 No. 2. a) P = No. 3. a) y = 2x b) y = 50 No. 4. m =

5 2 Q 2

1 1 3 n ,m= 16 2

b) P = 40 Example 2: No. 1. a) M = 4x 2 b) y = 7 and y = -13 B) INVERSE VARIATION Example 1: No. 1. a) y =

12 x

No. 4. a) S =

20 r

b) y = 2

b) S = 4 No. 5. P = 9 , Q = 81 N0. 6. k = 12, N =

2 x 3 b) P = 5 16 No. 3. a) y = 2 x
No. 2. a) P = b) y = 4 C) JOINT VARIATION Example 1: No. 1. a) k = 3, p = 3qr No. 2. a) k = 2, y = mn b) y = 24 Example 2: No. 1. k = 36, No. 2. k = 72, m=

12 M

36

x y 72 y= , de 2
M=

y=9 e=

3 2

Example 3: No. 1. a) k = 8, b) M = 20 No. 2. k = 20,

8N P

w=

20 x , y

w=2

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No. 3. k =

4 , 3

F=

4G 2 , 3H
16 P , M3
p=

G = 9

No. 4. k = 16,

S=

P = -8

No. 5. a) k = 4, b) y = 36 Example 4: No. 1. a) k = 24, b) m = 16 No. 2. a) k = 12, b) K = 81 w= D=

4x y

24 EF

12 x y

Objective Questions. 1.D 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.B 6. C 7. A 8. A 9. C 10. C 11.A 12.C 13.B 14.B 15.C 16. C 17. A 18. C 19. D 20. C

PAST YEAR QUESTIONS 1.B 2.B 3.A 4.B 5.A 6.B 7.B 8.D 9.B 10.B 11.A 12.A 13.C 14. A 15.B 16.B 17.D 18. A 19. C 20. C 21.B 22.C 23. A

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