Shell-And-Tube Heat Exchanger

Last week I meet the head section of HEAT EXCHANGER design and he send me to Mr. WAHEED mechanical engineer design and he explain to me the main points of HEAT EXCHANGER design which I will summarized this points as fallow. Thermal and hydraulic design is given by client.

OLAYAN responsibility: reverify thermal and hydraulic design by his subcontractors (JDL).

Main scope: mechanical design based on the client given which is thermal design.

Mechanical Design:
There are a lot of cods used to design heat exchanger, but the codes which are used in OLAYAN COPANY are: -ASME SEC VIII- DIV 1 -TEMA -API 660 -ARAMCO

Soft wares which are used to design heat exchanger: 1. compres 2. B-JAC Components of STHEs: It is essential for the designer to have a good working knowledge of the mechanical features of STHEs and how they influence thermal design. The principal components of an STHE are: Shell Shell cover Tubes Channel Channel cover Tubesheet Baffles Nozzles Other components include tie-rods and spacers; pass partition plates, impingement plate, longitudinal baffle, sealing strips, supports, and foundation. An STHE is divided into three parts: the front head, the shell, and the rear head. (Figure 1) illustrates the TEMA nomenclature for the various construction possibilities.

Classification based on construction: Fixed tubesheet. A fixed-tubesheet heat exchanger (Figure 2) has straight tubes that are secured at both ends to tubesheets welded to the shell. The advantage of the fixed tubesheet construction is its low cost because of its simple construction. Other advantages are that the tubes can be cleaned mechanically after removal of the channel cover. A disadvantage of this design is that since the bundle is fixed to the shell and cannot be removed, the outside of the tubes cannot be cleaned mechanically.

U-tube. As the name implies, the tubes of a U-tube heat exchanger (Figure 3) are bent in the shape of a U. The advantage of a U-tube heat exchanger is that because one end is free the bundle can expand. In addition the outside of the tubes can be cleaned as the tube bundle can be removed. The disadvantage of the U-tube construction is that the inside of the tubes cannot be cleaned effectively since the U-bends would require flexible end drill shafts for cleaning. U-tube heat exchanger should not be used for service with a dirty fluid inside tubes.

Floating head. The floating head heat exchanger is the most versatile type of STHE, and also the costliest. In this design one tubesheet is fixed relative to the shell and the other free to float within the shell. There are various types of floating head construction. The two most common are: Pull- through (TEMA S) Figure 4

 Pull-through (TEMA T) Figure 5

The advantage of this construction is that the tube bundle may be removed from the shell without removing either the shell or the floating head cover.

Finally, I will summarize the main points of design data that must be furnished by the process licensor before design can begin. 1. Flow rates of both streams. 2. Inlet and outlet temperatures of both streams.

3. Heat duty.

The duty specified should be consistent for both the

shellside and the tubeside. 4. Type of heat exchanger. 5. Line size. 6. Maximum shell diameter. 7. Material of construction. 8. Allowable pressure drop for both streams.