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Tense Signal words Use something happens repeatedly how often something happens one action follows another Form infinitive he/she/it + -s
every day
sometimes
always
often
things in general
usually
seldom
never
first ... then something is happening at the to be same time of (am/are/is) + speaking or infinitive + -ing around it
Present Progressive or
now
Present Continuous
future meaning: when you have already decided at the moment and arranged to do it (a fixed plan, date)
Look!
Listen!
Simple Past
last ...
or Past Simple
... ago
in 1990
yesterday
Past Progressive or
while
Past Continuous
someone was doing sth. at a certain time (in the past) - you do not know whether it was finished or not
Simple
just
you say that sth. has happened or is finished in the have/has + past and it has a past participle* connection to the present
for
recently all day action began in have/has + the past and has been + just stopped infinitive + -ing
how long the the whole day action has been happening
how long
since
for
Simple
already
mostly when two actions in a story are related to each other: the action which had had + past already participle* happened is put into Past Perfect, the other action into Simple Past
Past Perfect or Past Perfect (Simple) Past Perfect Progressive or Past Perfect Continuous
since how long something had been happening had + been + infinitive + ing never just the past of the Present Perfect *(infinitive + ed) or (3rd column of table of irregular verbs)
how long
for predictions about the future (you think that sth. will happen)
will - future
will + infinitive
you decide to do sth. spontaneously at the time of speaking, you haven't made a decision before
going to - future
Future Progressive or
An action will be in progress at a certain time in will + be + the future. This infinitive + ing action has begun before the certain time.
Future Continuous
Something happens because it normally happens.
or Future Perfect Simple Future Perfect Progressive or Future Perfect Continuous Conditional Simple
sth. that might happen main clause in type II of the Conditional sentences would + infinitive emphasis: length of time of an action sth. will already will + have + have happened been + before a certain infinitive + ing time in the future
sth. that might have happened in the past (It's too late now.)
sth. that might have happened in the past (It's too late now.) emphasis: length of time of an action
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Examples affirmative I work. Examples negative I don't work. Examples interrogative Do I work?
I'm working.
Am I working?
He isn't working.
Is he working?
I'm not going. Am I going? He isn't going. Is he going? I didn't work. Did I work?
He didn't work. I didn't go. He didn't go. I wasn't working. He wasn't working.
Was he working?
I was going.
I wasn't going.
Was I going?
He was going.
He wasn't going.
Was he going?
I have worked.
I haven't worked.
Have I worked?
He hasn't gone.
Has he gone?
He has been He hasn't Has he been working. been working. working? I have been going. He has been going. I haven't been Have I been going? going. He hasn't Has he been going? been going.
I had worked.
I hadn't worked.
Had I worked?
Had he worked?
He had been He hadn't Had he been working. been working. working? I had been going. I hadn't been going. Had I been going?
I'll work.
He'll work.
He won't work.
Will he work?
I'm going to I'm not going work. to work. He's going to work.
Am I going to work?
I'm going to I'm not going go. to go. He's going to go.
I'll be working.
I won't be working.
Will I be working?
Will he be working?
Will I be going?
He'll have worked. I'll have gone. He'll have gone. I'll have been working.
He won't have Will he have worked. worked? I won't have Will I have gone? gone. He won't have Will he have gone? gone. I won't have Will I have been been working. working?
He'll have been working. I'll have been going. He'll have been going. I would work.
He won't have Will he have been been working. working? I won't have been going. Will I have been working?
He won't have Will he have been been going. working? I wouldn't work. Would I work? Would he work?
He would work.
He wouldn't work.
I would go.
I wouldn't go. Would I go? Would he go? Would I be working? Would he be working? Would I be going? Would he be going?
He would be He wouldn't going. be going. I would have worked. He would have worked. I would have gone.
I wouldn't Would I have have worked. worked? He wouldn't Would he have have worked. worked?
He would have been going. I would have been going. He would have been
He wouldn't have been going. I wouldn't have been going. He wouldn't have been
Would he have been working? Would I have been going? Would he have been going?