1

RULES OF COURT
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Puisuant to the piovisions of Section S(S) of Aiticle vIII of the Constitution,
the Supieme Couit heieby auopts anu piomulgates the following iules conceining
the piotection anu enfoicement of constitutional iights, pleauing, piactice anu
pioceuuie in all couits, the aumission to the piactice of law, the Integiateu Bai, anu
legal assistance to the unueipiivilegeu:

!"#$ &
'$($!)# *!+,-.-+(.
SECTI0N 1. !"#$% '( #)% *+$%,.These Rules shall be known anu citeu as the
Rules of Couit. (1)
SEC. 2. -. /)0# 1'+2#, 033$"104$%.These iules shall apply in all couits, except
as otheiwise pioviueu by the Supieme Couit. (n)
SEC. S. 50,%, 6'7%2.%8.These Rules shall govein the pioceuuie to be
obseiveu in actions, civil oi ciiminal, anu special pioceeuings.
(a) A civil action is one by which a paity sues anothei foi the
enfoicement oi piotection of a iight, oi the pievention oi ieuiess of a wiong.
(1a, R2)
A civil action may eithei be oiuinaiy oi special. Both aie goveineu by
the iules foi oiuinaiy civil actions, subject to the specific iules piesciibeu foi a
special civil action. (n)
(b) A ciiminal action is one by which the State piosecutes a
peison foi an act oi omission punishable by law. (n)
(c) A special pioceeuing is a iemeuy by which a paity
seeks to establish a status, a iight, oi a paiticulai fact. (2a, R2)
SEC. 4. -. /)0# 10,%, .'# 033$"104$%.These Rules shall not apply to election
cases, lanu iegistiation, cauastial, natuialization anu insolvency pioceeuings, anu
othei cases not heiein pioviueu foi, except by analogy oi in a suppletoiy chaiactei
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anu whenevei piacticable anu convenient. (R14Sa)
SEC. S. 5'99%.1%9%.# '( 01#"'..A civil action is commenceu by the filing of
the oiiginal complaint in couit. If an auuitional uefenuant is impleaueu in a latei
pleauing, the action is commenceu with iegaiu to him on the uate of the filing of
such latei pleauing, iiiespective of whethei the motion foi its aumission, if
necessaiy, is uenieu by the couit. (6a)
SEC. 6. 5'.,#2+1#"'..These Rules shall be libeially constiueu in oiuei to
piomote theii objective of secuiing a just, speeuy anu inexpensive uisposition of
eveiy action anu pioceeuing. (2a)

*)!/ -
CIvIL ACTI0NS
+!0-()!1 2-,-# )2/-+(.

!"#$ 3
2)".$ +4 )2/-+(
SECTI0N 1. :28".02; 1"7"$ 01#"'.,< 40,", '(=Eveiy oiuinaiy civil action must
be baseu on a cause of action. (n)
SEC. 2. 50+,% '( 01#"'.< 8%(".%8.A cause of action is the act oi omission by
which a paity violates a iight of anothei. (n)
SEC. S. :.% ,+"# ('2 0 ,".6$% 10+,% '( 01#"'..A paity may not institute moie
than one suit foi a single cause of action. (Sa)
SEC. 4. >3$"##".6 0 ,".6$% 10+,% '( 01#"'.? %((%1# '(=If two oi moie suits aie
instituteu on the basis of the same cause of action, the filing of one oi a juugment
upon the meiits in any one is available as a giounu foi the uismissal of the otheis.
(4a)
SEC. S. @'".8%2 '( 10+,%, '( 01#"'.=A paity may in one pleauing asseit, in the
alteinative oi otheiwise, as many causes of action as he may have against an
opposing paity, subject to the following conuitions:
S
(a) The paity joining the causes of action shall comply with the
iules on joinuei of paities;
(b) The joinuei shall not incluue special civil actions oi actions
goveineu by special iules;
(c) Wheie the causes of action aie between the same paities
but peitain to uiffeient venues oi juiisuictions, the joinuei may be alloweu in
the Regional Tiial Couit pioviueu one of the causes of action falls within the
juiisuiction of saiu couit anu the venue lies theiein; anu
(u) Wheie the claims in all the causes of action aie piincipally
foi iecoveiy of money, the aggiegate amount claimeu shall be the test of
juiisuiction. (Sa)
SEC. 6. A",B'".8%2 '( 10+,%, '( 01#"'..Nisjoinuei of causes of action is not a
giounu foi uismissal of an action. A misjoineu cause of action may, on motion of a
paity oi on the initiative of the couit, be seveieu anu pioceeueu with sepaiately. (n)

!"#$ 5
*)!/-$. /+ 2-,-# )2/-+(.
SECTI0N 1. C)' 90; 4% 302#"%,? 3$0".#"(( 0.8 8%(%.80.#.0nly natuial oi
juiiuical peisons, oi entities authoiizeu by law may be paities in a civil action. The
teim "plaintiff" may iefei to the claiming paity, the countei-claimant, the cioss-
claimant, oi the thiiu (fouith etc.)paity plaintiff. The teim "uefenuant" may iefei
to the oiiginal uefenuing paity, the uefenuant in a counteiclaim, the cioss-
uefenuant, oi the thiiu (fouith, etc.)paity uefenuant. (1a)
SEC. 2. D02#"%, ". ".#%2%,#.A ieal paity in inteiest is the paity who stanus to
be benefiteu oi injuieu by the juugment in the suit, oi the paity entitleu to the avails
of the suit. 0nless otheiwise authoiizeu by law oi these Rules, eveiy action must be
piosecuteu oi uefenueu in the name of the ieal paity in inteiest. (2a).
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SEC. S. *%32%,%.#0#"7%, 0, 302#"%,. Wheie the action is alloweu to be
piosecuteu oi uefenueu by a iepiesentative oi someone acting in a fiuuciaiy
capacity, the beneficiaiy shall be incluueu in the title of the case anu shall be ueemeu
to be the ieal paity in inteiest. A iepiesentative may be a tiustee of an expiess
tiust, a guaiuian, an executoi oi auministiatoi, oi a paity authoiizeu by law oi these
Rules. An agent acting in his own name anu foi the benefit of an unuiscloseu
piincipal may sue oi be sueu without joining the piincipal except when the contiact
involves things belonging to the piincipal. (Sa)
SEC. 4. >3'+,%, 0, 302#"%,.Busbanu anu wife shall sue oi be sueu jointly,
except as pioviueu by law. (4a)
SEC. S. A".'2 '2 ".1'93%#%.# 3%2,'.,.A minoi oi a peison allegeu to be
incompetent, may sue oi be sueu, with the assistance of his fathei, mothei, guaiuian,
oi if he has none, a guaiuian 08 $"#%9. (Sa)
SEC. 6. D%29",,"7% B'".8%2 '( 302#"%,=All peisons in whom oi against whom
any iight to ielief in iespect to oi aiising out of the same tiansaction oi seiies of
tiansactions is allegeu to exist, whethei jointly, seveially, oi in the alteinative, may
except as otheiwise pioviueu in these Rules, join as plaintiffs oi be joineu as
uefenuants in one complaint, wheie any question of law oi fact common to all such
plaintiffs oi to all such uefenuants may aiise in the action; but the couit may make
such oiueis as may be just to pievent any plaintiff oi uefenuant fiom being
embaiiasseu oi put to expense in connection with any pioceeuings in which he may
have no inteiest. (6)
SEC. 7. 5'93+$,'2; B'".8%2 '( ".8",3%.,04$% 302#"%,.Paities in inteiest
without whom no final ueteimination can be hau of an action shall be joineu eithei s
plaintiffs oi uefenuants. (7)
SEC. 8. E%1%,,02; 302#;.A necessaiy paity is one who is not inuispensable
but who ought to be joineu as a paity if complete ielief is to be accoiueu as to those
alieauy paities, oi foi a complete ueteimination oi settlement of the claim subject of
the action. (8a)
SEC. 9. E'.FB'".8%2 '( .%1%,,02; 302#"%, #' 4% 3$%08%8.Whenevei in any
pleauing in which a claim is asseiteu a necessaiy paity is not joineu, the pleauei
shall set foith his name, if known, anu shall state why he is omitteu. Shoulu the
couit finu the ieason foi the omission unmeiitoiious, it may oiuei the inclusion of
the omitteu necessaiy paity if juiisuiction ovei his peison may be obtaineu.
The failuie to comply with the oiuei foi his inclusion, without justifiable cause,
shall be ueemeu a waivei of the claim against such paity.
S
The non-inclusion of a necessaiy paity uoes not pievent the couit fiom
pioceeuing in the action, anu the juugment ienueieu theiein shall be without
piejuuice to the iights of such necessaiy paity. (8a, 9a)
SEC. 1u. G./"$$".6 1'F3$0".#"((. If the consent of any paity who shoulu be
joineu as plaintiff can not be obtaineu , he may be maue a uefenuant anu the ieason
theiefoi shall be stateu in the complaint. (1u)
SEC. 11. A",B'".8%2 0.8 .'.FB'".8%2 '( 302#"%,.Neithei misjoinuei noi non-
joinuei of paities is giounu foi uismissal of an action. Paities may be uioppeu oi
auueu by oiuei of the couit on motion of any paity oi on its own initiative at any
stage of the action anu on such teims as aie just. Any claim against a misjoineu
paity may be seveieu anu pioceeueu with sepaiately. (11a)
SEC. 12. 5$0,, ,+"#.When the subject mattei of the contioveisy is one of the
common oi geneial inteiest to many peisons so numeious that it is impiacticable to
join all as paities, a numbei of them which the couit finus to be sufficiently
numeious anu iepiesentative as to fully piotect the inteiests of all conceineu may
sue oi uefenu foi the benefit of all. Any paity in inteiest shall have the iight to
inteivene to piotect his inuiviuual inteiest. (12a)
SEC. 1S. H$#%2.0#"7% 8%(%.80.#,.Wheie the plaintiff is unceitain against who
of seveial peisons he is entitleu to ielief, he may join any oi all of them as
uefenuants in the alteinative, although a iight to ielief against one may be
inconsistent with a iight of ielief against the othei. (1Sa)
SEC. 14. G.I.'/. "8%.#"#; '2 .09% '( 8%(%.80.#.Whenevei the iuentity oi
name of a uefenuant is unknown, he may be sueu as the unknown ownei, heii,
uevisee, oi by such othei uesignation as the case may iequiie; when his iuentity oi
tiue name is uiscoveieu, the pleauing must be amenueu accoiuingly. (14)
SEC. 1S. J.#"#; /"#)'+# B+2"8"10$ 3%2,'.0$"#; 0, 8%(%.80.#.When two oi moie
peisons not oiganizeu as an entity with juiiuical peisonality entei into a
tiansaction, they may be sueu unuei the name by which they aie geneially oi
commonly known.
In the answei of such uefenuant the names anu auuiesses of the peisons
composing saiu entity must all be ievealeu. (1Sa)
SEC. 16. K%0#) '( 302#;? 8+#; '( 1'+.,%$.Whenevei a paity to a penuing
action uies, anu the claim is not theieby extinguisheu, it shall be the uuty of his
counsel to infoim the couit within thiity (Su) uays aftei such ueath of the fact
theieof, anu to give the name anu auuiess of his legal iepiesentative oi
6
iepiesentatives. Failuie of counsel to comply with this uuty shall be a giounu foi
uisciplinaiy action.
The heiis of the ueceaseu may be alloweu to be substituteu foi the ueceaseu,
without iequiiing the appointment of an executoi oi auministiatoi anu the couit
may appoint a guaiuian 08 $"#%9 foi the minoi heiis.
The couit shall foithwith oiuei saiu legal iepiesentative oi iepiesentatives to
appeai anu be substituteu within a peiiou of thiity (Su) uays fiom notice.
If no legal iepiesentative is nameu by the counsel foi the ueceaseu paity oi if
the one so nameu shall fail to appeai within the specifieu peiiou, the couit may
oiuei the opposing paity, within a specifieu time, to piocuie the appointment of an
executoi oi auministiatoi foi the estate of the ueceaseu anu the lattei shall
immeuiately appeai foi anu on behalf of the ueceaseu. The couit chaiges in
piocuiing such appointment, if uefiayeu by the opposing paity, may be iecoveieu as
costs. (16a, 17a)
SEC. 17. K%0#) '2 ,%3020#"'. '( 0 302#; /)' ", 0 3+4$"1 '(("1%2.When a public
officei is a paity in an action in his official capacity anu uuiing its penuency uies,
iesigns, oi othei wise ceases to holu office, the action may be continueu anu
maintaineu by oi against his successoi if, within thiity (Su) uays aftei the successoi
takes office oi such time as may be gianteu by the couit, it is satisfactoiily shown to
the couit by any paity that theie is a substantial neeu foi continuing oi maintaining
it anu that the successoi auopts oi continues oi thieatens to auopt oi continue the
action of his pieuecessoi. Befoie a substitution is maue, the paity oi officei to be
affecteu, unless expiessly assenting theieto, shall be given ieasonable notice of the
application theiefoi anu accoiueu an oppoitunity to be heaiu. (18a)
SEC. 18. -.1'93%#%.1; '2 ".10301"#;.If a paity becomes incompetent oi
incapacitateu, the couit, upon motion with notice, may allow the action to be
continueu by oi against the incompetent oi incapacitateu peison assisteu by his
legal guaiuian oi guaiuian 08 $"#%9. (19a)
SEC. 19. !20.,(%2 '( ".#%2%,#.In case of any tiansfei of inteiest, the action
may be continueu by oi against the oiiginal paity, unless the couit upon motion
uiiects the peison to whom the inteiest is tiansfeiieu to be substituteu in the action
oi joineu with the oiiginal paity. (2u)
SEC. 2u. H1#"'. '. 1'.#201#+0$ 9'.%; 1$0"9,.When the action is foi iecoveiy
of money aiising fiom contiact, expiess oi implieu, anu the uefenuant uies befoie
entiy of final juugment in the couit in which the action was penuing at the time of
such ueath, it shall not be uismisseu but shall insteau be alloweu to continue until
7
entiy of final juugment. A favoiable juugment obtaineu by the plaintiff theiein shall
be enfoiceu in the mannei especially pioviueu in these Rules foi piosecuting claims
against the estate of a ueceaseu peison. (21a)
SEC. 21. -.8"6%.# 302#;.A paity may be authoiizeu to litigate his action,
claim oi uefense as an inuigent if the couit, upon an %L 302#% application anu
heaiing, is satisfieu that the paity is one who has no money oi piopeity sufficient
anu available foi foou, sheltei anu basic necessities foi himself anu his family.
Such authoiity shall incluue an exemption fiom payment of uocket anu othei
lawful fees, anu of tiansciipts of stenogiaphic notes which the couit may oiuei to be
fuinisheu him. The amount of the uocket anu othei lawful fees which the inuigent
was exempteu fiom paying shall be a lien on any juugment ienueieu in the case
favoiable to the inuigent, unless the couit otheiwise pioviues.
Any auveise paity may contest the giant of such authoiity at any time befoie
juugment is ienueieu by the tiial couit. If the couit shoulu ueteimine aftei heaiing
that the paity ueclaieu as an inuigent is in fact a peison with sufficient income oi
piopeity, the piopei uocket anu othei lawful fees shall be assesseu anu collecteu by
the cleik of couit. If the payment is not maue within the time fixeu by the couit,
execution shall issue oi the payment theieof, without piejuuice to such othei
sanctions as the couit may impose. (22a).
SEC. 22. E'#"1% #' #)% >'$"1"#'2 M%.%20$.In any action involving the valiuity of
any tieaty, law, oiuinance, executive oiuei, piesiuential ueciee, iules oi iegulations,
the couit, in its uiscietion, may iequiie the appeaiance of the Solicitoi ueneial who
may be heaiu in peison oi thiough a iepiesentative uuly uesignateu by him. (2Sa)

!"#$ 6
,$("$ +4 )2/-+(.
SECTI0N 1. N%.+% '( 2%0$ 01#"'.,.Actions affecting title to oi possession of
ieal piopeity, oi inteiest theiein, shall be commenceu anu tiieu in the piopei couit
which has juiisuiction ovei the aiea wheiein the ieal piopeity involveu, oi a poition
theieof, is situateu.
8
Foicible entiy anu uetainei actions shall be commenceu anu tiieu in the
municipal tiial couit of the municipality oi city wheiein the ieal piopeity involveu,
oi a poition theieof, is situateu. (1|aj, 2|aja)
SEC. 2. N%.+% '( 3%2,'.0$ 01#"'.,.All othei actions may be commenceu anu
tiieu wheie the plaintiff oi any of the piincipal plaintiffs iesiues, oi wheie the
uefenuant oi any of the piincipal uefenuants iesiues, oi in the case of a non-iesiuent
uefenuant wheie he may be founu, at the election of the plaintiff. (2|bja)
SEC. S. N%.+% '( 01#"'., 060".,# .'.2%,"8%.#,.If any of the uefenuants uoes
not iesiue anu is not founu in the Philippines, anu the action affects the peisonal
status of the plaintiff, oi any piopeity of saiu uefenuant locateu in the Philippines,
the action may be commenceu anu tiieu in the couit of the place wheie the plaintiff
iesiues, oi wheie the piopeity oi any poition theieof is situateu oi founu. (2|cja)
SEC. 4. C)%. *+$% .'# 033$"104$%.This Rule shall not apply
(a) In those cases wheie a specific iule oi law pioviues
otheiwise; oi
(b) Wheie the paities have valiuly agieeu in wiiting befoie the
filing of the action on the exclusive venue theieof. (Sa, Sa)

!"#$ 7
"(-4+!8 *!+2$0"!$ -( /!-)# 2+"!/.
SECTI0N 1. G."('29 32'1%8+2%.The pioceuuie in the Nunicipal Tiial Couits
shall be the same as in the Regional Tiial Couits, except (a) wheie a paiticulai
piovision expiessly oi implieuly applieu only to eithei of saiu couits, oi (b) in civil
cases goveineu by the Rule on Summaiy pioceuuie. (n)
SEC. 2. A%0.".6 '( #%29,.The teim "Nunicipal Tiial Couits" as useu in these
Rules shall incluue Netiopolitan Tiial Couits, Nunicipal Tiial Couits in Cities,
Nunicipal Tiial Couits, anu Nunicipal Ciicuit Tiial Couits. (1a)

9
PR0CEB0RE IN REuI0NAL TRIAL C00RTS
!"#$ 9
:-(0. +4 *#$)0-('.
SECTI0N 1. D$%08".6, 8%(".%8.Pleauings aie the wiitten statements of the
iespective claims anu uefenses of the paities submitteu to the couit foi appiopiiate
juugment. (1a)
SEC. 2. D$%08".6, 0$$'/%8.The claims of a paity aie asseiteu in a complaint,
counteiclaim, cioss-claim, thiiu (fouith, etc.)paity complaint, oi complaint-in-
inteivention.
The uefenses of a paity aie allegeu in the answei to the pleauing asseiting a
claim against him.
An answei may be iesponueu to by a ieply. (n)
SEC. S. 5'93$0".#.The complaint is the pleauing alleging the plaintiff's cause
oi causes of action. The names anu iesiuences of the plaintiff anu uefenuant must
be stateu in the complaint. (Sa)
SEC. 4. H.,/%2.An answei is a pleauing in which a uefenuing paity sets
fouith his uefenses. (4a)
SEC. S. K%(%.,%,.Befenses may eithei be negative oi affiimative.
(a) A negative uefense is the specific uenial of the mateiial fact
oi facts allegeu in the pleauing of the claimant essential to his cause oi causes
of action.
(b) An affiimative uefense is an allegation of a new mattei
which, while hypothetically aumitting the mateiial allegations in the pleauing
of the claimant woulu neveitheless pievent oi bai iecoveiy by him. The
affiimative uefenses incluue fiauu, statute of limitations, ielease payment,
illegality, statute of fiauus, estoppel, foimei iecoveiy, uischaige in bankiuptcy,
anu any othei mattei by way of confession anu avoiuance. (Sa)
SEC. 6. 5'+.#%21$0"9.A counteiclaim is any claim which a uefenuing paity
may have against an opposing paity. (6a)
SEC. 7. 5'93+$,'2; 1'+.#%21$0"9.A compulsoiy counteiclaim is one which,
1u
being cognizable by the iegulai couits of justice, aiises out of oi is connecteu with
the tiansaction oi occuiience constituting the subject mattei of the opposing paity's
claim anu uoes not iequiie foi its aujuuication the piesence of thiiu paities of whom
the couit cannot acquiie juiisuiction. Such a counteiclaim must be within the
juiisuiction of the couit both as to the amount anu the natuie theieof, except that in
an oiiginal action befoie the Regional Tiial Couit, the counteiclaim may be
consiueieu compulsoiy iegaiuless of the amount. (n)
SEC. 8. 52',,F1$0"9=A cioss-claim is any claim by one paity against a co-paity
aiising out of the tiansaction oi occuiience that is the subject mattei eithei of the
oiiginal action oi of a counteiclaim theiein. Such cioss-claim may incluue a claim
that the paity against whom it is asseiteu is oi may be liable to the cioss-claimant
foi all oi pait of a claim asseiteu in the action against the cioss-claimant. (7)
SEC. 9. 5'+.#%21$0"9, 0.8 1'+.#%2F12',,F1$0"9,.A counteiclaim may be
asseiteu against an oiiginal countei-claimant.
A cioss-claim may also be fileu against an oiiginal cioss-claimant. (n)
SEC. 1u. *%3$;.A ieply is a pleauing, the office oi function of which is to ueny,
oi allege facts in uenial oi avoiuance of new matteis allegeu by way of uefense in the
answei anu theieby join oi make issue as to such new matteis. If a paity uoes not
file such ieply, all the new matteis allegeu in the answei aie ueemeu contioveiteu.
If the plaintiff whishes to inteipose any claims aiising out of the new matteis
so allegeu such claims shall be set foith in an amenueu oi supplemental complaint.
(11)
SEC. 11. !)"28< O('+2#)< %#1=P302#; 1'93$0".#.A thiiu (fouith, etc.)paity
complaint is a claim that a uefenuing paity may, with leave of couit, file against a
peison not a paity to the action, calleu the thiiu (fouith, etc.)paity uefenuant, foi
contiibution, inuemnity, subiogation oi any othei ielief, in iespect of his opponent's
claim. (12a)
SEC. 12. Q2".6".6 .%/ 302#"%,.When the piesence of paities othei than those
to the oiiginal action is iequiieu foi the gianting of complete ielief in the
ueteimination of a counteiclaim oi cioss-claim, the couit shall oiuei them to be
biought in as uefenuants, if juiisuiction ovei them can be obtaineu. (14)
SEC. 1S. H.,/%2 #' #)"28 O('+2#)< %#1=PR302#; 1'93$0".#=A thiiu (fouith,
etc.)paity uefenuant may allege in his answei his uefenses, counteiclaims oi
cioss-claims, incluuing such uefenses that the thiiu (fouith, etc.)paity plaintiff
may have against the oiiginal plaintiff's claim. In piopei cases, he may also asseit a
11
counteiclaim against the oiiginal plaintiff in iespect of the lattei's claim against the
thiiu-paity plaintiff. (n)

!"#$ ;
*)!/. +4 ) *#$)0-('
SECTI0N 1. 503#"'..The caption sets foith the name of the couit, the title of
the action, anu the uocket numbei if assigneu.
The title of the action inuicates the names of the paities. They shall all be
nameu in the oiiginal complaint oi petition; but in subsequent pleauings, it shall be
sufficient if the name of the fiist paity on each siue be stateu with an appiopiiate
inuication when theie aie othei paities.
Theii iespective paiticipation in the case shall be inuicateu. (1a,2a)
SEC. 2. !)% 4'8;.The bouy of the pleauing sets foith its uesignation, the
allegations of the paity's claims oi uefenses, the ielief piayeu foi, anu the uate of the
pleauing. (n)
(a) D0206203),.The allegations in the bouy of a pleauing shall be
uiviueu into paiagiaphs so numbeieu as to be ieauily iuentifieu, each of which
shall contain a statement of a single set of ciicumstances so fai as that can be
uone with convenience. A paiagiaph may be iefeiieu to by its numbei in all
succeeuing pleauings. (Sa)
(b) S%08".6,RC)%. two oi moie causes of action aie joineu, the
statement of the fiist shall be piefaceu by the woius "fiist cause of action," of
the seconu by "seconu cause of action," anu so on foi the otheis.
When one oi moie paiagiaphs in the answei aie auuiesseu to one of
seveial causes of action in the complaint, they shall be piefaceu by the woius
"answei to the fiist cause of action" oi "answei to the seconu cause of action"
anu so on; anu when one oi moie paiagiaphs of the answei aie auuiesseu to
seveial causes of action, they shall be piefaceu by woius to that effect. (4)
(c) *%$"%(=R!)% pleauing shall specify the ielief sought, but it may auu
a geneial piayei foi such fuithei oi othei ielief as may be ueemeu just oi
equitable. (Sa, R6)
12
(u) K0#%=REveiy pleauing shall be uateu. (n)
SEC. S. >"6.0#+2% 0.8 0882%,,=REveiy pleauing must be signeu by the paity oi
counsel iepiesenting him, stating in eithei case his auuiess which shoulu not be a
post office box.
The signatuie of counsel constitutes a ceitificate by him that he has ieau the
pleauing; that to the best of his knowleuge, infoimation, anu belief theie is goou
giounu to suppoit it; anu that it is not inteiposeu foi uelay.
An unsigneu pleauing piouuces no legal effect. Bowevei, the couit may, in its
uiscietion, allow such ueficiency to be iemeuieu if it shall appeai that the same was
uue to meie inauveitence anu not intenueu foi uelay. Counsel who uelibeiately files
an unsigneu pleauing, oi signs a pleauing in violation of this Rule, oi alleges
scanualous oi inuecent mattei theiein, oi fails to piomptly iepoit to the couit a
change of his auuiess, shall be subject to appiopiiate uisciplinaiy action. (Sa)
SEC. 4. N%2"("10#"'.=RExcept when otheiwise specifically iequiieu by law oi
iule, pleauings neeu not be unuei oath, veiifieu oi accompanieu by affiuavit.
A pleauing is veiifieu by an affiuavit that the affiant has ieau the pleauing anu
that the allegations theiein aie tiue anu coiiect of his peisonal knowleuge oi baseu
on authentic iecoius.
A pleauing iequiieu to be veiifieu which contains a veiification baseu on
"infoimation anu belief," oi upon "knowleuge, infoimation anu belief," oi lacks a
piopei veiification, shall be tieateu as an unsigneu pleauing. (4a)
SEC. S. 5%2#"("10#"'. 060".,# ('2+9 ,)'33".6= The plaintiff oi piincipal paity
shall ceitify unuei oath in the complaint oi othei initiatoiy pleauing asseiting a
claim foi ielief, oi in a swoin ceitification annexeu theieto anu simultaneously fileu
theiewith: (a) that he has not theietofoie commenceu any action oi fileu any claim
involving the same issues in any couit, tiibunal oi quasi-juuicial agency anu, to the
best of his knowleuge, no such othei action oi claim is penuing theiein; (b) if theie
is such othei penuing action oi claim, a complete statement of the piesent status
theieof; anu (c) if he shoulu theieaftei leain that the same oi similai action oi claim
has been fileu oi is penuing, he shall iepoit that fact within five (S) uays theiefiom
to the couit wheiein his afoiesaiu complaint oi initiatoiy pleauing has been fileu.
Failuie to comply with the foiegoing iequiiements shall not be cuiable by
meie amenument of the complaint oi othei initiatoiy pleauing but shall be cause foi
the uismissal of the case without piejuuice, unless otheiwise pioviueu, upon motion
anu aftei heaiing. The submission, of a false ceitification oi non-compliance with
1S
any of the unueitakings theiein shall constitute inuiiect contempt of couit, without
piejuuice to the coiiesponuing auministiative anu ciiminal actions. If the acts of the
paity oi his counsel cleaily constitute willful anu uelibeiate foium shopping, the
same shall be giounu foi summaiy uismissal with piejuuice anu shall constitute
uiiect contempt, as well as a cause foi auministiative sanctions. (n)

!"#$ <
8)(($! +4 8):-(' )##$')/-+(. -( *#$)0-('.
SECTI0N 1. -. 6%.%20$ .Eveiy pleauing shall contain in a methouical anu
logical foim, a plain, concise anu uiiect statement of the ultimate facts on which the
paity pleauing ielies foi his claim oi uefense, as the case may be, omitting the
statement of meie eviuentiaiy facts. (1)
If a uefense ielief on is baseu on law, the peitinent piovisions theieof anu theii
applicability to him shall be cleaily anu concisely stateu. (n)
SEC. 2. H$#%2.0#"7% 10+,%, '( 01#"'. '2 8%(%.,%,=RA paity may set foith two oi
moie statements of a claim oi uefense alteinatively oi hypothetically, eithei in one
cause of action oi uefense oi in sepaiate causes of action oi uefenses. When two oi
moie statements aie maue in the alteinative anu one of them if maue inuepenuently
woulu be sufficient, the pleauing is not maue insufficient by the insufficiency of one
oi moie of the alteinative statements. (2)
SEC. S. 5'.8"#"'., 32%1%8%.#=RIn any pleauing a geneial aveiment of the
peifoimance oi occuiience of all conuitions pieceuent shall be sufficient. (S)
SEC. 4. 50301"#;=RFacts showing the capacity of a paity to sue oi be sueu oi
the authoiity of a paity to sue oi be sueu in a iepiesentative capacity oi the legal
existence of an oiganizeu association of peisons that is maue a paity, must be
aveiieu. A paity uesiiing to iaise an issue as to the legal existence of any paity oi
the capacity of any paity to sue oi be sueu in a iepiesenta-tive capacity, shall uo so
by specific uenial, which shall incluue such suppoiting paiticulais as aie peculiaily
within the pleauei's knowleuge. (4)
SEC. S. T20+8< 9",#0I%< 1'.8"#"'. '( #)% 9".8=RIn all aveiments of fiauu oi
14
mistake, the ciicumstances constituting fiauu oi mistake must be stateu with
paiticulaiity. Nalice, intent, knowleuge oi othei conuition of the minu of a peison
may be aveiieu geneially. (Sa)
SEC. 6. @+869%.#=RIn pleauing a juugment oi uecision of a uomestic oi foieign
couit, juuicial oi quasi-juuicial tiibunal, oi of a boaiu oi officei, it is sufficient to
avei the juugment oi uecision without setting foith mattei showing juiisuiction to
ienuei it. (6)
SEC. 7. H1#"'. '2 8%(%.,% 40,%8 '. 8'1+9%.#=RWhenevei an action oi uefense
is baseu upon a wiitten instiument oi uocument, the substance of such instiument
oi uocument shall be set foith in the pleauing, anu the oiiginal oi a copy theieof
shall be attacheu to the pleauing as an exhibit, which shall be ueemeu to be a pait of
the pleauing, oi saiu copy may with like effect be set foith in the pleauing. (7)
SEC. 8. S'/ #' 1'.#%,# ,+1) 8'1+9%.#,=RWhen an action oi uefense is founueu
upon a wiitten instiument, copieu in oi attacheu to the coiiesponuing pleauing as
pioviueu in the pieceuing section, the genuineness anu uue execution of the
instiument shall be ueemeu aumitteu unless the auveise paity, unuei oath,
specifically uenies them, anu sets foith what he claims to be the facts; but the
iequiiement of an oath uoes not apply when the auveise paity uoes not appeai to
be a paity to the instiument oi when compliance with an oiuei foi an inspection of
the oiiginal instiument is iefuseu. (8a)
SEC. 9. :(("1"0$ 8'1+9%.# '2 01#=In pleauing an official uocument oi official
act, it is sufficient to avei that the uocument was issueu oi the act uone in
compliance with law. (9)
SEC. 1u. >3%1"("1 8%."0$=RA uefenuant must specify each mateiial allegation of
fact the tiuth of which he uoes not aumit anu, whenevei piacticable, shall set foith
the substance of the matteis upon which he ielies to suppoit his uenial. Wheie a
uefenuant uesiies to ueny only a pait of an aveiment, he shill specify so much of it
as is tiue anu mateiial anu shall ueny only the iemainuei. Wheie a uefenuant is
without knowleuge oi infoima-tion sufficient to foim a belief as to the tiuth of a
mateiial avei-ment maue in the complaint, he shall so state, anu this shall have the
effect of a uenial. (1ua)
SEC. 11. H$$%60#"'., .'# ,3%1"("10$$; 8%."%8 8%%9%8 089"##%8=RNateiial
aveiment in the complaint, othei than those as to the amount of unliquiuateu
uamages, shall be .ueemeu aumitteu when not specifically uenieu. Allegations of
usuiy in a complaint to iecovei usuiious inteiest aie ueemeu aumitteu if not uenieu
unuei oath. (1a, R9)
1S
SEC. 12. >#2"I".6 '+# '( 3$%08".6 '2 90##%2 1'.#0".%8 #)%2%".=R0pon motion
maue by a paity befoie iesponuing to a pleauing oi, if no iesponsive pleauing is
peimitteu 4; these Rules, upon motion maue by a paity within twenty (2u) uays
aftei the seivice of the pleauing upon him, oi upon the couit's own initiative at any
time, the couit may oiuei any pleauing to be stiicken out oi that any sham oi false,
ieuunuant, immateiial, impeitinent, oi scanualous mattei be stiicken out
theiefiom. (S, R9)

!"#$ =
$44$2/ +4 4)-#"!$ /+ *#$)0
SECTI0N 1. K%(%.,%, 0.8 '4B%1#"'., .'# pleaueu.Befenses anu objections not
pleaueu eithei in a motion to uismiss oi in the answei aie ueemeu waiveu.
Bowevei, when it appeais fiom the pleauings oi the eviuence on iecoiu that the
couit has no juiisuiction ovei the subject mattei, that theie is anothei action
penuing between the same paities foi the same cause, oi that the action is baiieu by
a piioi juugment oi by statute of limitations, the couit shall uismiss the claim. (2a)
SEC. 2. 5'93+$,'2; 1'+.#%21$0"9< '2 12',,F1$0"9< .'# ,%# +3 4022%8=RA
compulsoiy counteiclaim, oi a cioss-claim, not set up shall be baiieu. (4a)
SEC. S. K%(0+$#? 8%1$020#"'. '(=RIf the uefenuing paity fails to answei within
the time alloweu theiefoi, the couit shall, upon motion of the claiming paity with
notice to the uefenuing paity, anu pioof of such failuie, ueclaie the uefenuing paity
in uefault. Theieupon, the couit shall pioceeu to ienuei juugment gianting the
claimant such ielief as his pleauing may waiiant, unless the couit in its uiscietion
iequiies the claimant to submit eviuence. Such ieception of eviuence may be
uelegateu to the cleik of couit. (1a, R18)
(a) J((%1# '( '28%2 '( 8%(0+$#=RA paity in uefault shall be entitleu to
notice of subsequent pioceeuings but not to take pait in the tiial. (2a, R18)
(b) *%$"%( (2'9 '28%2 '( 8%(0+$#=RA paity ueclaieu in uefault may at
any time aftei notice theieof anu befoie juugment file a motion unuei oath to
set asiue the oiuei of uefault upon piopei showing that his failuie to answei
was uue to fiauu, acciuent, mistake oi excusable negligence anu that he has a
meiitoiious uefense. In such case, the oiuei of uefault may be set asiue on such
teims anu conuitions as the juuge may impose in the inteiest of justice. (Sa,
16
R18)
(c) J((%1# '( 302#"0$ 8%(0+$#=RWhen a pleauing asseiting a claim states
a common cause of action against seveial uefenuing paities, some of whom
answei anu the otheis fail to uo so, the couit shall tiy the case against all upon
the answeis thus fileu anu ienuei juugment upon the eviuence piesenteu. (4a,
R18)
(u) JL#%.# '( 2%$"%( #' 4% 0/028%8=RA juugment ienueieu against a
paity in uefault shall not exceeu the amount oi be uiffeient in kinu fiom that
piayeu foi noi awaiu unliquiuateu uamages. (Sa, R18)
(e) C)%2% .' 8%(0+$#, 0$$'/%8=RIf the uefenuing paity in an action foi
annulment oi ueclaiation of nullity of maiiiage oi foi legal sepaiation fails to
answei, the couit shall oiuei the piosecuting attoiney to investigate whethei
oi not a collusion between the paities exists, anu if theie is no collusion, to
inteivene foi the State in oiuei to see to it that the eviuence submitteu is not
fabiicateu. (6a, R18)

!"#$ &>
)8$(0$0 )(0 ."**#$8$(/)# *#$)0-('.
SECTI0N 1. H9%.89%.#, ". 6%.%20$.Pleauings may be amenueu by auuing oi
stiiking out an allegation oi the name of any paity, oi by coiiecting a mistake in the
name of a paity oi a mistaken oi inauequate allegation oi uesciiption in any othei
iespect, so that the actual meiits of the contioveisy may speeuily be ueteimineu,
without iegaiu to technicalities, anu in the most expeuitious anu inexpensive
mannei. (1)
SEC. 2. H9%.89%.#, 0, 0 90##%2 '( iight.A paity may amenu his pleauing
once as a mattei of iight at any time befoie a iesponsive pleauing is seiveu oi, in the
case of a ieply, at any time within ten (1u) uays aftei it is seiveu. (2a)
SEC. S. H9%.89%.#, 4; $%07% '( 1'+2#.Except as pioviueu in the next
pieceuing section, substantial amenuments may be maue only upon leave of couit.
But such leave may be iefuseu if it appeais to the couit that the motion was maue
with intent to uelay. 0iueis of the couit upon the matteis pioviueu in this section
shall be maue upon motion fileu in couit, anu aftei notice to the auveise paity, anu
17
an oppoitunity to be heaiu. (Sa)
SEC. 4. T'290$ 09%.89%.#,=RA uefect in the uesignation of the paities anu
othei cleaily cleiical oi typogiaphical eiiois may be summaiily coiiecteu by the
couit at any stage of the action, at its initiative oi on motion, pioviueu so piejuuice
is causeu theieby to the auveise paity. (4a)
SEC. S. H9%.89%.# #' 1'.('29 #' '2 0+#)'2"U% 32%,%.#0#"'. '( %7"8%.1%.When
issues not iaiseu by the pleauings aie tiieu with the expiess oi implieu consent of
the paities, they shall be tieateu in all iespects as if they hau been iaiseu in the
pleauings. Such amenument of the pleauings as may be necessaiy to cause them to
confoim to the eviuence anu to iaise these issues may be maue upon motion of any
paity at any time, even aftei juugment; but failuie to amenu uoes not affect the
iesult of the tiial of these issues. If eviuence is objecteu to at the tiial on the giounu
that it is not within the issues maue by the pleauings, the couit may allow the
pleauings to be amenueu anu shall uo so with libeiality if the piesentation of the
meiits of the action anu the enus of substantial justice will be subseiveu theieby.
The couit may giant a continuance to enable the amenument to be maue. (Sa)
SEC. 6. >+33$%9%.#0$ 3$%08".6,= R 0pon motion of a paity the couit may, upon
ieasonable notice anu upon such teims as' aie just, peimit him to seive a
supplemental pleauing setting foith tiansactions, occuiiences oi events which have
happeneu since the uate of the pleauing sought to be supplementeu. The auveise
paity may pleau theieto within ten (1u) uays fiom notice of the oiuei aumitting the
supplemental pleauing. (6a)
SEC. 7. T"$".6 '( 09%.8%8 3$%08".6,=R When any pleauing is amenueu, a new
copy of the entiie pleauing, incoipoiating the amenuments, which shall be inuicateu
by appiopiiate maiks, shall be fileu. (7a)
SEC. 8. J((%1# '( 09%.8%8 3$%08".6,=R An amenueu pleauing supeiseues the
pleauing that it amenus. Bowevei, aumissions in supeiseueu pleauings may be
ieceiveu in eviuence against the pleauei; anu claims oi uefenses allegeu theiein not
incoipoiateu in the amenueu pleauing shall be ueemeu waiveu. (n)


18
!"#$ &&
?@$( /+ 4-#$ !$.*+(.-,$ *#$)0-('.
SECTI0N 1. H.,/%2 #' #)% complaint.The uefenuant shall file his answei to
the complaint within fifteen (1S) uays aftei seivice of summons, unless a uiffeient
peiiou is fixeu by the couit. (1a)
SEC. 2. H.,/%2 '( 0 8%(%.80.# ('2%"6. 32"70#% B+2"8"10$ entity.Wheie the
uefenuant is a foieign piivate juiiuical entity anu seivice of summons is maue on the
goveinment official uesignateu by law to ieceive the same, the answei shall be fileu
within thiity (Su) uays aftei ieceipt of summons by such entity. (2a)
SEC. S. H.,/%2 #' 09%.8%8 1'93$0".#=RWheie the plaintiff files an amenueu
complaint as a mattei of iight, the uefenuant shall answei the same within fifteen
(1S) uays aftei being seiveu with a copy theieof.
Wheie its filing is not a mattei of iight, the uefenuant shall answei the
amenueu complaint within ten (1u) uays fiom notice of the 0iuei aumitting the
same. An answei eailiei fileu may seive as the answei to the amenueu complaint, if
no new answei is fileu.
This Rule shall apply to the answei to an amenueu counteiclaim amenueu
cioss-claim, amenueu thiiu (fouith, etc.) paity complaint, anu amenueu
complaint-in-inteivention. (Sa)
SEC. 4. H.,/%2 #' 1'+.#%21$0"9 '2 12',,F1$0"9=RA countei-claim oi cioss-claim
must be answeieu within ten (1u) uays fiom seivice. (4)
SEC. S. H.,/%2 #' #)"28 O('+2#)< %#1=PR302#; 1'93$0".#=R= The time to answei a
thiiu (fouith, etc.)paity complaint shall be goveineu by the same iule as the
answei to the complaint. (Sa)
SEC. 6. *%3$;=RA ieply may be fileu within ten (1u) uays fiom seivice of the
pleauing iesponueu to. (6)
SEC. 7. H.,/%2 #' ,+33$%9%.#0$ 1'93$0".#=RA supplemental complaint may be
answeieu within ten (1u) uays fiom notice of the oiuei aumitting the same, unless a
uiffeient peiiou is fixeu by the couit. The answei to the complaint shall seive as the
answei to the supplemental complaint if no new oi supplemental answei is fileu. (a)
SEC. 8. JL",#".6 1'+.#%21$0"9 '2 cioss-claim.--A compulsoiy, counteiclaim oi a
19
cioss-claim that a uefenuing paity has at the time he files his answei shall be
containeu theiein. (8a, R6)
SEC. 9. 5'+.#%21$0"9 '2 12',,F1$0"9 02",".6 0(#%2 0.,/%2=R A counteiclaim oi a
cioss-claim which eithei matuieu oi was acquiieu by a paity aftei seiving his
pleauing may, with the peimission of the couit, be piesenteu as a counteiclaim oi a
cioss-claim by supplemental pleauing befoie juugment. (9, R6)
SEC. 1u. :9"##%8 1'+.#%21$0"9 '2 12',,F1$0"9=RWhen a pleauei fails to set up a
counteiclaim oi a cioss-claim thiough oveisight, inauveitence, oi excusable neglect,
oi when justice iequiies, he may, by leave of couit, set up the counteiclaim oi cioss-
claim by amenument befoie juugment. (Sa, R9)
SEC. 11. JL#%.,"'. '( #"9% #' 3$%08 =R0pon motion anu on such teims as may
be just, the couit may extenu the time to pleau pioviueu in these Rules.
The couit may also, upon like teims, allow an answei oi othei pleauing to be
fileu aftei the time fixeu by these Rules. (7)

!"#$ &3
A-## +4 *)!/-2"#)!.
SECTI0N 1B C)%. 033$"%8 ('2? 3+23',%.Befoie iesponu-ing to a pleauing, a
paity may move foi a uefinite statement oi foi a bill of paiticulais of any mattei
which is not aveiieu with sufficient uefiniteness oi paiticulaiity to enable him
piopeily to piepaie his iesponsive pleauing. If the pleauing is a ieply, the motion
must be fileu within ten (1u) uays fiom seivice theieof. Such motion shall point out
the uefects complaineu of, the paiagiaphs wheiein they aie containeu, anu the
uetails uesiieu. (1a)
SEC. 2. H1#"'. 4; #)% couit.0pon the filing of the motion, the cleik of couit
must immeuiately biing it to the attention of the couit which may eithei ueny oi
giant it outiight, oi allow the paities the oppoitunity to be heaiu. (n)
SEC. S. 5'93$"0.1% /"#) '28%2=RIf the motion is gianteu, eithei in whole oi in
pait, the compliance theiewith must be effecteu within ten (1u) uays fiom notice of
2u
the oiuei, unless a uiffeient peiiou is fixeu by the couit. The bill of paiticulais oi a
moie uefinite statement oiueieu by the couit may be fileu eithei in a sepaiate oi in
an amenueu pleauing, seiving a copy theieof on the auveise paity. (n)
SEC. 4. J((%1# '( .'.F1'93$"0.1%=RIf the oiuei is not obeyeu, oi in case of
insufficient compliance theiewith, the couit may oiuei the stiiking out of the
pleauing oi the poitions theieof to which the oiuei was uiiecteu oi make such othei
oiuei as it ueems just. (1|cja)
SEC. S. >#0; '( 3%2"'8 #' ("$% 2%,3'.,"7% 3$%08".6RAftei seivice of the bill of
paiticulais oi of a moie uefinite pleauing, oi aftei notice of uenial of his motion, the
moving paity may file his iesponsive pleauing within the peiiou to which he was
entitleu at the time of filing his motion, which shall not be less than five (S) uays in
any event. (1|bja)
SEC 6. Q"$$ 0 302# '( 3$%08".6=RA bill of paiticulais becomes pait of the
pleauing foi which it is intenueu. (1|aja)

!"#$ &5
4-#-(' )(0 .$!,-2$ +4 *#$)0-('.C D"0'8$(/. )(0 +/@$! *)*$!.
SECTI0N 1. 5'7%206% .This Rule shall govein the filing of all pleauings anu
othei papeis, as well as the seivice theieof, except those foi which a uiffeient moue
of seivice is piesciibeu. (n)
SEC. 2. T"$".6 0.8 ,%27"1%< uefineu.Filing is the act of piesenting the pleauing
oi othei papei to the cleik of couit.
Seivice is the act of pioviuing a paity with a copy of the pleauing oi papei
conceineu. If any paity has appeaieu by counsel, seivice upon him shall be maue
upon his counsel oi one of them, unless seivice upon the paity himself is oiueieu by
the couit. Wheie one counsel appeais foi seveial paities, he shall only be entitleu to
one copy of any papei seiveu upon him by the opposite siue. (2a)
SEC. S. A0..%2 '( ("$".6 .The filing of pleauings, appeaiances, motions,
notices, oiueis, juugments anu all othei papeis shall be maue by piesenting the
21
oiiginal copies theieof, plainly inuicateu as such, peisonally to the cleik of couit oi
by senuing them by iegisteieu mail. In the fiist case, the cleik of couit shall enuoise
on the pleauing the uate anu houi of filing. In the seconu case, the uate of the mailing
of motions, pleauings, oi any othei papeis oi payments oi ueposits, as shown by the
post office stamp on the envelope oi the iegistiy ieceipt, shall be consiueieu as the
uate of theii filing, payment, oi ueposit in couit. The envelope shall be attacheu to
the iecoiu of the case. (1a)
SEC. 4. D03%2, 2%V+"2%8 #' 4% ("$%8 0.8 seiveu. Eveiy juug-ment, iesolution,
oiuei, pleauing subsequent to the complaint, wiitten motion, notice, appeaiance,
uemanu, offei of juugment oi similai papeis shall be fileu with the couit, anu seiveu
upon the paities affecteu. (2a)
SEC. S. A'8%, of seivice.Seivice of pleauings, motions, notices, oiueis,
juugments anu othei papeis shall be maue eithei peisonally oi by mail. (Sa)
SEC. 6. D%2,'.0$ ,%27"1%=RSeivice of the papeis may be maue by ueliveiing
peisonally a copy to the paity oi his counsel, oi by leaving it in his office with his
cleik oi with a peison having chaige theieof. If no peison is founu in his office, oi
his office is not known, oi he has no office, then by leaving the copy, between the
houis of eight in the moining anu six in the evening, at the paity's oi counsel's
iesiuence, if known, with a peison of sufficient age anu uiscietion then iesiuing
theiein. (4a)
SEC. 7. >%27"1% 4; 90"$.Seivice by iegisteieu mail shall be maue by uepositing
the copy in the office, in a sealeu envelope, plainly auuiesseu to the paity oi his
counsel at his office, if known, otheiwise at his iesiuence, if known, with postage
fully piepaiu, anu with instiuctions to the postmastei to ietuin the mail to the
senuei aftei ten (1u) uays if unueliveieu. If no iegistiy seivice is available in the
locality of eithei the senuei oi the auuiessee, seivice may be uone by oiuinaiy mail.
(Sa)
SEC. 8. >+4,#"#+#%8 ,%27"1%.If seivice of pleauings, motions, notices,
iesolutions, oiueis anu othei papeis cannot be maue unuei the two pieceuing
sections, the office anu place of iesiuence of the paity oi his counsel being unknown,
seivice may be maue by ueliveiing the copy to the cleik of couit, with pioof of
failuie of both peisonal seivice anu seivice by mail. The seivice is complete at the
time of such ueliveiy. (6a)
SEC. 9. >%27"1% '( B+869%.#,< (".0$ '28%2,< '2 2%,'$+#"'.,=R}uugments, final
oiueis oi iesolutions shall be seiveu eithei peisonally oi by iegisteieu mail. When a
paity summoneu by publication has faileu to appeai in the action, juugments, final
22
oiueis oi iesolutions against him shall be seiveu upon him also by publication at
the expense of the pievailing paity. (7a)
SEC. 1u. 5'93$%#%.%,, '( seivice.Peisonal seivice is complete upon actual
ueliveiy. Seivice by oiuinaiy mail is complete upon the expiiation of ten (1u) uays
aftei mailing, unless the couit otheiwise pioviues. Seivice by iegisteieu mail is
complete upon actual ieceipt by the auuiessee, oi aftei five (S) uays fiom the uate
he ieceiveu the fiist notice of the postmastei, whichevei uate is eailiei. (8a)
SEC. 11. D2"'2"#"%, ". 9'8%, '( ,%27"1% 0.8 filing Whenevei piacticable, the
seivice anu filing of pleauings anu othei papeis shall be uone peisonally. Except
with iespect to papeis emanating fiom the couit, a iesoit to othei moues must be
accompanieu by a wiitten explanation why the seivice oi filing was not uone
peisonally. A violation of this Rule may be cause to consiuei the papei as not fileu.
(n)
SEC. 12. D2''( '( ("$".6= RThe filing of a pleauing oi papei shall be pioveu by its
existence in the iecoiu of the case. if it is not in the iecoiu, but is claimeu to have
been fileu peisonally, the filing shall be pioveu by the wiitten oi stampeu
acknowleugment of its filing by the cleik of couit on a copy of the same; if fileu by
iegisteieu mail, by the iegistiy ieceipt anu by the affiuavit of the peison who uiu the
mailing, containing a full statement of the uate anu place of uepositing the mail in
the post office in a sealeu envelope auuiesseu to the couit, with postage fully
piepaiu, anu with instiuctions to the postmastei to ietuin the mail to the senuei
aftei ten (1u) uays if not ueliveieu. (n)
SEC. 1S. D2''( '( ,%27"1%=RPioof of peisonal seivice shall consist of a wiitten
aumission of the paity seiveu, oi the official ietuin of the seivei, oi the affiuavit of
the paity seiving, containing a full statement of the uate, place anu mannei of
seivice. If the seivice is by oiuinaiy mail, pioof theieof shall consist of an affiuavit of
the peison mailing of facts showing compliance with section 7 of this Rule. If seivice
is maue by iegisteieu mail, pioof shall be maue by such affiuavit anu the iegistiy
ieceipt issueu by the mailing office. The iegistiy ietuin caiu shall be fileu
immeuiately upon its ieceipt by the senuei, oi in lieu theieof of the unclaimeu lettei
togethei with the ceitifieu oi swoin copy of the notice given by the postmastei to
the auuiessee. (1ua)
SEC. 14. E'#"1% '( $", 3%.8%.,=RIn an action affecting the title oi the iight of
possession of ieal piopeity, the plaintiff anu the uefenuant, when affiimative ielief
is claimeu in his answei, may iecoiu in the office of the iegistiy of ueeus of the
piovince in which the piopeity is situateu a notice of the penuency of the action.
Saiu notice shall contain the names of the paities anu the object of the action oi
2S
uefense, anu a uesciiption of the piopeity in that piovince affecteu theieby. 0nly
fiom the time of filing such notice foi iecoiu shall a puichasei, oi encumbiancei of
the piopeity affecteu theieby, be ueemeu to have constiuctive notice of the
penuency of the action, anu only of its penuency against the paities uesignateu by
theii ieal names.
The notice of $", 3%.8%., heieinabove mentioneu may be cancelleu only upon
oiuei of the couit, aftei piopei showing that the notice is foi the puipose of
molesting the auveise paity, oi that it is not necessaiy to piotect the iights of the
paity who causeu it to be iecoiueu. (24a, R14)

!"#$ &6
."88+(.
SECTI0N 1B 5$%2I #' ",,+% ,+99'.,=R0pon the filing of the complaint anu the
payment of the iequisite legal fees, the cleik of couit shall foithwith issue the
coiiesponuing summons to the uefenuants. (1a)
SECB 2. 5'.#%.#,=RThe summons shall be uiiecteu to the uefenuant, signeu by
the cleik of couit unuei seal, anu contain: (a) the name of the couit anu the names of
the paities to the action; (b) a uiiection that the uefenuant answei within the time
fixeu by these Rules; (c) a notice that unless the uefenuant so answeis, plaintiff will
take juugment by uefault anu may be gianteu the ielief applieu foi.
A copy of the complaint anu oiuei foi appointment of guaiuian 08 $"#%9< if any,
shall be attacheu to the oiiginal anu each copy of the summons. (Sa)
SEC. S. Q; /)'9 ,%27%8.The summons may be seiveu by the sheiiff, his
ueputy, oi othei piopei couit officei, oi foi justifiable ieasons by any suitable
peison authoiizeu by the couit issuing the summons. (Sa)
SEC. 4. Retuin.When the seivice has been completeu, the seivei shall, within
five (S) uays theiefiom, seive a copy of the ietuin, peisonally oi by iegisteieu mail,
to the plaintiff's counsel, anu shall ietuin the summons to the cleik who issueu it,
accompanieu by pioof of seivice. (6a)
24
SEC. S. -,,+0.1% '( 0$"0, ,+99'.,=R If a summons is ietuineu without being
seiveu on any oi all of the uefenuants, the seivei shall also seive a copy of the
ietuin on the plaintiff's counsel, stating the ieasons foi the failuie of seivice, within
five (S) uays theiefiom. In such a case, oi if the summons has been lost, the cleik, on
uemanu of the plaintiff, may issue an alias summons. (4a)
SEC. 6. >%27"1% ". 3%2,'. '. 8%(%.80.#= R Whenevei piacticable, the summons
shall be seiveu hanuing a copy theieof to the uefenuant in peison, oi, if he iefuses to
ieceive anu sign foi it, by tenueiing it to him. (7a)
SEC. 7. >+4,#"#+#%8 ,%27"1%=R If< foi justifiable causes, the uefenuant cannot be
seiveu within a ieasonable time as pioviueu in the pieceuing section, seivice may
be effecteu (a) by leaving copies of the summons at the uefenuant's iesiuence with
some peison of suitable age anu uiscietion then iesiuing theiein, oi (b) by leaving
the copies at uefenuant's office oi iegulai place of business with some competent
peison in chaige theieof. (8a)
SEC 8. >%27"1% +3'. %.#"#; /"#)'+# B+2"8"10$ 3%2,'.0$"#;=R When peisons
associateu in an entity without juiiuical peisonality aie sueu unuei the name by
which they aie geneially oi commonly known, seivice may be effecteu upon all the
uefenuants by seiving upon any one of them, oi upon the peison in chaige of the
office oi place of business maintaineu in such name. But such seivice shall not binu
inuiviuually any peison whose connection with the entity has, upon uue notice, been
seveieu befoie the action was biought. (9a)
SEC. 9= >%27"1% +3'. 32",'.%2,=RWhen the uefenuant is a piisonei confineu in a
jail oi institution, seivice shall be effecteu upon him by the officei having the
management of such jail oi institution who is ueemeu ueputizeu as a special sheiiff
foi saiu puipose. (12a)
SEC. 1u. >%27"1% +3'. 9".'2, 0.8 ".1'93%#%.#, R When the uefenuant is a
minoi, insane oi otheiwise an incompetent, seivice shall be maue upon him
peisonally anu on his legal guaiuian if he has one, oi if none, upon his guaiuian 08
$"#%9 whose appointment shall be applieu foi by the plaintiff. In the case of a minoi,
seivice may also be maue on his fathei oi mothei. (1ua, 11a)
SEC. 11. >%27"1% +3'. 8'9%,#"1 32"70#% B+2"8"10$ %.#"#;=RWhen the uefenuant is
a coipoiation, paitneiship oi association oiganizeu unuei the laws of the
Philippines with a juiiuical peisonality, seivice may be maue on the piesiuent,
managing paitnei, geneial managei, coipoiate secietaiy, tieasuiei, oi in-house
counsel. (1Sa)
SEC. 12. >%27"1% +3'. ('2%"6. 32"70#% B+2"8"10$ %.#"#;=RWhen the uefenuant is a
2S
foieign piivate juiiuical entity which has tiansacteu business in the Philippines,
seivice may be maue on its iesiuent agent uesignateu in accoiuance with law foi
that puipose, oi, if theie be no such agent, on the goveinment official uesignateu by
law to that effect, oi on any of its officeis oi agents within the Philippines. (14a)
SEC. 1S. >%27"1% +3'. 3+4$"1 1'23'20#"'.,.When the uefenuant is the Republic
of the Philippines, seivice may be effecteu on the Solicitoi ueneial; in case of a
piovince, city oi municipality, oi like public coipoiations, seivice may be effecteu on
its executive heau, oi on such othei officei oi officeis as the law oi the couit may
uiiect. (1S)
SEC. 14. >%27"1% +3'. 8%(%.80.# /)',% "8%.#"#; '2 /)%2%04'+#, 02% +.I.'/.=R
In any action wheie the uefenuant is uesignateu as an unknown ownei, oi the like,
oi whenevei his wheieabouts aie unknown anu cannot be asceitaineu by uiligent
inquiiy, seivice may, by leave of couit, be effecteu upon him by publication in a
newspapei of geneial ciiculation anu in such places anu foi such time as the couit
may oiuei. (16a)
SEC. 1S. JL#20#%22"#'2"0$ ,%27"1%=RWhen the uefenuant uoes not iesiue anu is
not founu in the Philippines, anu the action affects the peisonal status of the plaintiff
oi ielates to, oi the subject of which is, piopeity within the Philippines, in which the
uefenuant has oi claims a lien oi inteiest, actual oi contingent; oi in which the ielief
uemanueu consists, wholly oi in pait, in excluuing the uefenuant fiom any inteiest
theiein, oi the piopeity of the uefenuant has been attacheu within the Philippines,
seivice may, by leave of couit, be effecteu out of the Philippines by peisonal seivice
as unuei section 6; oi by publication in a newspapei of geneial ciiculation in such
places anu foi such time as the couit may oiuei, in which case a copy of the
summons anu oiuei of the couit shall be sent by iegisteieu mail to the last known
auuiess of the uefenuant, oi in any othei mannei the couit may ueem sufficient. Any
oiuei gianting such leave shall specify a ieasonable time, which shall not be less
than sixty (6u) uays aftei notice, within which the uefenuant must answei. (17a)
SEC. 16. *%,"8%.#, #%93'202"$; '+# '( #)% D)"$"33".%,"RWhen any action is
commenceu against a uefenuant who oiuinaiily iesiues within the Philippines, but
who is tempoiaiily out of it, seivice may, by leave of couit, be also effecteu out of the
Philippines, as unuei the pieceuing section. (18a)
SEC. 17. W%07% '( 1'+2#=RAny application to the couit unuei this Rule foi leave
to effect seivice in any mannei foi which leave of couit is necessaiy shall be maue
by motion in wiiting, suppoiteu by affiuavit of the plaintiff oi some peison on his
behalf setting foith the giounus foi the application. (19)
26
SEC. 18. D2''( '( ,%27"1%=RThe pioof of seivice of a summons shall be maue in
wiiting by the seivei anu shall set foith the mannei, place, anu uate of seivice; shall
specify any papeis which have been seiveu with the piocess anu the name of the
peison who ieceiveu the same; anu shall be swoin to when maue by a peison othei
than a sheiiff oi his ueputy. (2u)
SEC. 19. D2''( '( ,%27"1% 4; 3+4$"10#"'.=RIf the seivice has been maue by
publication, seivice may be pioveu by the affiuavit of the piintei, his foieman oi
piincipal cleik, oi of the euitoi, business oi auveitising managei, to which affiuavit a
copy of the publication shall be attacheu, anu by an affiuavit showing the ueposit of
a copy of the summons anu oiuei foi publication in the post office, postage piepaiu,
uiiecteu to the uefenuant by iegisteieu mail to his last known auuiess. (21)
SEC. 2u. N'$+.#02; 033%020.1%=RThe uefenuant's voluntaiy appeaiance in the
action shall be equivalent to seivice of summons. The inclusion in a motion to
uismiss of othei giounus asiue fiom lack of juiisuiction ovei the peison of the
uefenuant shall not be ueemeu a voluntaiy appeaiance. (2Sa)

!"#$ &7
8+/-+(.
SECTI0N 1. A'#"'. 8%(".%8=RA motion is an application foi ielief othei than by
a pleauing. (1a)
SEC. 2. A'#"'., 9+,# 4% ". /2"#".6=RAll motions shall be in wiiting except
those maue in open couit oi in the couise of a heaiing oi tiial. (2a)
SEC. S. 5'.#%.#,=RA motion shall state the ielief sought to be obtaineu anu the
giounus upon which it is baseu, anu if iequiieu by these Rules oi necessaiy to piove
facts allegeu theiein, shall be accompanieu by suppoiting affiuavits anu othei
papeis. (Sa)
SEC. 4. S%02".6 '( 9'#"'..Except foi motions which the couit may act upon
without piejuuicing the iights of the auveise paity, eveiy wiitten motion shall be
set foi heaiing by the applicant.
27
Eveiy wiitten motion iequiieu to be heaiu anu the notice of the heaiing
theieof shall be seiveu in such a mannei as to ensuie its ieceipt by the othei paity
at least thiee (S) uays befoie the uate of heaiing, unless the couit foi goou cause
sets the heaiing on shoitei notice. (4a)
SEC. S. E'#"1% '( )%02".6=RThe notice of heaiing shall be auuiesseu to all
paities conceineu, anu shall specify the time anu uate of the heaiing which must not
be latei than ten (1u) uays aftei the filing of the motion. (Sa)
SEC. 6. D2''( '( ,%27"1% .%1%,,02;=RNo wiitten motion set foi heaiing shall be
acteu upon by the couit without pioof of seivice theieof. (6a)
SEC. 7. A'#"'. uay.Except foi motions iequiiing immeuiate action, all
motions shall be scheuuleu foi heaiing on Fiiuay afteinoons, oi if Fiiuay is a non-
woiking uay, in the afteinoon of the next woiking uay. (7a)
SEC. 8. :9."4+, 9'#"'.=RSubject to the piovisions of section 1 of Rule 9, a
motion attacking a pleauing, oiuei, juugment, oi pioceeuing shall incluue all
objections then available, anu all objections not so incluueu shall be ueemeu waiveu.
(8a)
SEC. 9. A'#"'. ('2 $%07%=RA motion foi leave to file a pleauing oi motion shall
be accompanieu by the pleauing oi motion sought to be aumitteu. (n)
SEC. 1u. T'29=RThe Rules applicable to pleauings shall apply to wiitten
motions so fai as conceins caption, uesignation, signatuie, anu othei matteis of
foim. (9a)

!"#$ &9
8+/-+( /+ 0-.8-..
SECTI0N 1. M2'+.8,=RWithin the time foi but befoie filing the answei to the
complaint oi pleauing asseiting a claim, a motion to uismiss may be maue on any of
the following giounus:
(a) That the couit has no juiisuiction ovei the peison of the
uefenuing paity;
(b) That the couit has no juiisuiction ovei the subject mattei of the
claim;
28
(c) That venue is impiopeily laiu;
(u) That the plaintiff has no legal capacity to sue;
(e) That theie is anothei action penuing between the same paities foi
the same cause;
(f) That the cause of action is baiieu by a piioi juugment oi by the
statute of limitations;
(g) That the pleauing asseiting the claim states no cause of action;
(h) That the claim oi uemanu set foith in the plaintiff's pleauing has
been paiu, waiveu, abanuoneu, oi otheiwise extinguisheu;
(i) That the claim on which the action is founueu is unenfoiceable
unuei the piovisions of the statute of fiauus; anu
(j) That a conuition pieceuent foi filing the claim has not been
complieu with. (1a)
SEC. 2. S%02".6 '( 9'#"'.=RAt the heaiing of the motion, the paities shall
submit theii aiguments on the questions of law anu theii eviuence on the questions
of fact involveu except those not available at that time. Shoulu the case go to tiial,
the eviuence piesenteu uuiing the heaiing shall automatically be pait of the
eviuence of the paity piesenting the same. (n)
SEC. S. *%,'$+#"'. of 9'#"'.=RAftei the heaiing, the couit may uismiss the
action oi claim, ueny the motion, oi oiuei the amenument of the pleauing.
The couit shall not uefei the iesolution of the motion foi the ieason that the
giounu ielieu upon is not inuubitable.
In eveiy case, the iesolution shall state cleaily anu uistinctly the ieasons
theiefoi. (Sa)
SEC. 4. !"9% #' 3$%08=RIf the motion is uenieu, the movant shall file his answei
within the balance of the peiiou piesciibeu by Rule 11 to which he was entitleu at
the time of seiving his motion, but not less than five (S) uays in any event, computeu
fiom his ieceipt of the notice of the uenial. If the pleauing is oiueieu to be amenueu,
he shall file his answei within the peiiou piesciibeu by Rule 11 counteu fiom
seivice of the amenueu pleauing, unless the couit pioviues a longei peiiou. (4a)
SEC. S. J((%1# '( 8",9",,0$.Subject to the iight of appeal, an oiuei gianting a
motion to uismiss baseu on paiagiaphs (f), (h) anu (i) of section 1 heieof shall bai
29
the iefiling of the same action oi claim. (n)
SEC. 6. D$%08".6 62'+.8, 0, 0(("290#"7% 8%(%.,%,=RIf no motion to uismiss has
been fileu, any of the giounus foi uismissal pioviueu foi in this Rule may be pleaueu
as an affiimative uefense in the answei anu, in the uiscietion of the couit, a
pieliminaiy heaiing may be hau theieon as if a motion to uismiss hau been fileu.
(Sa)
The uismissal of the complaint unuei this section shall be without piejuuice to
the piosecution in the same oi sepaiate action of a counteiclaim pleaueu in the
answei. (n)

!"#$ &;
0-.8-..)# +4 )2/-+(.
SECTI0N 1. K",9",,0$ +3'. .'#"1% 4; plaintiff.A complaint may be uismisseu
by the plaintiff by filing a notice of uismissal at any time befoie seivice of the answei
oi of a motion foi summaiy juugment. 0pon such notice being fileu, the couit shall
issue an oiuei confiiming the uismissal. 0nless otheiwise stateu in the notice, the
uismissal is without piejuuice, except that a notice opeiates as an aujuuication upon
the meiits when fileu by a plaintiff who has once uismisseu in a competent couit an
action baseu on oi incluuing the same claim. (1a)
SEC. 2. K",9",,0$ +3'. 9'#"'. '( 3$0".#"((=RJL1%3# as pioviueu in the pieceuing
section, a complaint shall not be uismisseu at the plaintiff's instance save upon
appioval of the couit anu upon such teims anu conuitions as the couit ueems
piopei. If a counteiclaim has been pleaueu by a uefenuant piioi to the seivice upon
him of the plaintiff's motion foi uismissal, the uismissal shall be limiteu to the
complaint. The uismissal shall be without piejuuice to the iight of the uefenuant to
piosecute his countei-claim in a sepaiate action unless within fifteen (1S) uays fiom
notice of the motion he manifests his piefeience to have his counteiclaim iesolveu
in the same action. 0nless otheiwise specifieu in the oiuei, a uismissal unuei this
paiagiaph shall be without piejuuice. A class suit shall not be uismisseu oi
compiomiseu without the appioval of the couit. (2a)
SEC. S. K",9",,0$ 8+% #' (0+$# '( 3$0".#"((=RIf< foi no justifiable cause, the
plaintiff fails to appeai on the uate of the piesentation of his eviuence in chief on the
complaint, oi to piosecute his action foi an unieasonable length of time, oi to
Su
comply with these Rules oi any oiuei of the couit, the complaint may be uismisseu
upon motion of the uefenuant oi upon the couit's own motion, without piejuuice to
the iight of the uefenuant to piosecute his counteiclaim in the same oi in a sepaiate
action. This uismissal shall have the effect of an aujuuication upon the meiits, unless
otheiwise ueclaieu by the couit. (Sa)
SEC. 4. K",9",,0$ '( 1'+.#%21$0"9< 12',,F1$0"9< '2 #)"28F302#; 1'93$0".#=RThe
piovisions of this Rule shall apply. to the uismissal of any counteiclaim, cioss-claim,
oi thiiu-paity complaint. A voluntaiy uismissal by the claimant by notice as in
section 1 of this Rule, shall be maue befoie a iesponsive pleauing oi a motion foi
summaiy juugment is seiveu oi, if theie is none, befoie the intiouuction of eviuence
at the tiial oi heaiing. (4n)


!"#$ &<
*!$E/!-)#
SECTI0N 1. C)%. 1'.8+1#%8 .Aftei the last pleauing has been seiveu anu
fileu, it shall be the uuty of the plaintiff to piomptly move %L 302#% that the case be
set foi pie-tiial. (Sa, R2u)
SEC. 2. E0#+2% 0.8 3+23',%=RThe pie-tiial is manuatoiy. The couit shall
consiuei:
(a) The possibility of an amicable settlement oi of a submission to
alteinative moues of uispute iesolution;
(b) The simplification of the issues;
(c) The necessity oi uesiiability of amenuments to the pleauings;
(u) The possibility of obtaining stipulations oi aumissions of facts
anu of uocuments to avoiu unnecessaiy pioof;
(e) The limitation of the numbei of witnesses;
(f) The auvisability of a pieliminaiy iefeience of issues to a
commissionei;
S1
(g) The piopiiety of ienueiing juugment on the pleauings, oi
summaiy juugment, oi of uismissing the action shoulu a valiu giounu theiefoi
be founu to exist;
(h) The auvisability oi necessity of suspenuing the pioceeuings; anu
(i) Such othei matteis as may aiu in the piompt uisposition of the
action. (1a, R2u)
SEC. S. E'#"1% '( 32%F#2"0$=RThe notice of pie-tiial shall be seiveu on counsel,
oi on the paity who has no counsel. The counsel seiveu with such notice is chaigeu
with the uuty of notifying the paity iepiesenteu by him. (n)
SEC. 4. H33%020.1% '( 302#"%,=RIt shall be the uuty of the paities anu theii
counsel to appeai at the pie-tiial. The non-appeaiance of a paity may be excuseu
only if a valiu cause is shown theiefoi oi if a iepiesentative shall appeai in his
behalf fully authoiizeu in wiiting to entei into an amicable settlement, to submit to
alteinative moues of uispute iesolution, anu to entei into stipulations oi aumissions
of facts anu of uocuments. (n)
SEC. S. J((%1# '( (0"$+2% #' 033%02=RThe failuie of the plaintiff to appeai when
so iequiieu puisuant to the next pieceuing section shall be cause foi uismissal of
the action. The uismissal shall be with piejuuice, unless otheiwise oiueieu by the
couit. A similai failuie on the pait of the uefenuant shall be cause to allow the
plaintiff to piesent his eviuence %L 302#% anu the couit to ienuei juugment on the
basis theieof. (2a, R2u)
SEC. 6. D2%F#2"0$ 42"%(=R!)% paities shall file with the couit anu seive on the
auveise paity, in such mannei as shall ensuie theii ieceipt theieof at least thiee (S)
uays befoie the uate of the pie-tiial, theii iespective pie-tiial biiefs which shall
contain, among otheis:
(a) A statement of theii willingness to entei into amicable settlement
oi alteinative moues of uispute iesolution, inuicating the uesiieu teims
theieof;
(b) A summaiy of aumitteu facts anu pioposeu stipulation of facts;
(c) The issues to be tiieu oi iesolveu;
(u) The uocuments oi exhibits to be piesenteu, stating the puipose
theieof;
(e) A manifestation of theii having availeu oi then intention to avail
themselves of uiscoveiy pioceuuies oi iefeiial to commis-sioneis; anu
S2
(f) The numbei anu names of the witnesses, anu the substance of
theii iespective testimonies.
Failuie to file the pie-tiial biief shall have the same effect as failuie to appeai
at the pie-tiial. (n)
SEC. 7. *%1'28 '( 32%F#2"0$=RThe pioceeuings in the pie-tiial shall be iecoiueu.
0pon the teimination theieof, the couit shall issue an oiuei which shall iecite in
uetail the matteis taken up in the confeience; the action taken theieon, the
amenuments alloweu to the pleauings, anu the agieements oi aumissions maue by
the paities as to any of the matteis consiueieu. Shoulu the action pioceeu to tiial,
the oiuei shall explicitly uefine anu limit the issues to be tiieu. The contents of the
oiuei shall contiol the subsequent couise of the action, unless mouifieu befoie tiial
to pievent manifest injustice. (Sa, R2u)


!"#$ &=
-(/$!,$(/-+(
SECTI0N 1. C)' 90; ".#%27%.%=RA peison who has a legal inteiest in the
mattei in litigation, oi in the success of eithei of the paities, oi an inteiest against
both, oi is so situateu as to be auveisely affecteu by a uistiibution oi othei
uisposition of piopeity in the custouy of the couit oi of an officei theieof may, with
leave of couit, be alloweu to inteivene in the action. The couit shall consiuei
whethei oi not the inteivention will unuuly uelay oi piejuuice the aujuuication of
the iights of the oiiginal paities, anu whethei oi not the inteivenoi's iights may be
fully piotecteu in a sepaiate pioceeuing. (2|aj, |bja, R12)
SEC. 2. !"9% #' ".#%27%.%.-The motion to inteivene may be fileu at any time
befoie ienuition of juugment by the tiial couit. A copy of the pleauing-in-
inteivention shall be attacheu to the motion anu seiveu on the oiiginal paities. (n)
SEC. S. D$%08".6,F".F".#%27%.#"'..-The inteivenoi shall file a complaint-in-
inteivention if he asseits a claim against eithei oi all of the oiiginal paities, oi an
answei-in-inteivention if he unites with the uefenuing paity in iesisting a claim
against the lattei. (2|cja, R12)
SEC. 4. H.,/%2 #' 1'93$0".#F".F".#%27%.#"'..-The answei to the complaint-in-
SS
inteivention shall be fileu within fifteen (1S) uays fiom notice of the oiuei
aumitting the same, unless a uiffeient peiiou is fixeu by the couit. (2|uja, R12)

!"#$ 3>
2)#$(0)! +4 2).$.
SECTI0N 1. 50$%.802 '( 10,%,.-The cleik of couit, unuei the uiiect supeivision
of the juuge, shall keep a calenuai of cases foi pie-tiial, foi tiial, those whose tiials
weie aujouineu oi postponeu, anu those with motions to set foi
heaiing. Piefeience shall be given to )04%0, 1'23+, cases, election cases, special
civil actions, anu those so iequiieu by law. (1a, R22)
SEC. 2. H,,"6.9%.# '( 10,%,.-The assignment of cases to the uiffeient bianches
of couit shall be uone exclusively by iaffle. The assignment shall be uone in open
session of which auequate notice shall be given so as to affoiu inteiesteu paities the
oppoitunity to be piesent (7a, R22)


!"#$ 3&
."A*+$()
SECTI0N 1. >+43'%.0 0.8 ,+43'%.0 8+1%, #%1+9=R Subpoena is a piocess
uiiecteu to a peison iequiiing him to attenu anu to testify at the heaiing oi the tiial
of an action, oi at any investigation conuucteu by competent authoiity, oi foi the
taking of his ueposition. It may also iequiie him to biing with him any books,
uocuments, oi othei things unuei his contiol, in which case it is calleu a subpoena
8+1%, #%1+9= (1a, R2S)
SEC. 2. Q; /)'9 ",,+%8=RThe subpoena may be issueu by
a) the couit befoie whom the witness is iequiieu to attenu;
S4
b) the couit of the place wheie the ueposition is to be taken;
c) the officei oi bouy authoiizeu by law to uo so in connection with
investigations conuucteu by saiu officei oi bouy; oi
u) any }ustice of the Supieme Couit oi of the Couit of Appeals in any
case oi investigation penuing within the Philippines.
When application foi a subpoena to a piisonei is maue, the juuge oi officei
shall examine anu stuuy caiefully such application to ueteimine whethei the same is
maue foi a valiu puipose.
No piisonei sentenceu to ueath, 2%1$+,"'. 3%23%#+0 oi life impiisonment anu
who is confineu in any penal institution shall be biought outsiue the saiu penal
institution foi appeaiance oi attenuance in any couit unless authoiizeu by the
Supieme Couit. (2a, R2S)
SEC. S. T'29 0.8 1'.#%.#,=RA subpoena shall state the name of the couit anu
the title of the action oi investigation, shall be uiiecteu to the peison whose
attenuance is iequiieu, anu in the case of a subpoena 8+1%, #%1+9< it shall also
contain a ieasonable uesciiption of the books, uocuments oi things uemanueu
which must appeai to the couit 32"90 (01"% ielevant. (Sa, R2S)
SEC. 4. X+0,)".6 0 ,+43'%.0=RThe couit may quash a subpoena 8+1%, #%1+9
upon motion piomptly maue anu, in any event, at oi befoie the time specifieu
theiein if it is unieasonable anu oppiessive, oi the ielevancy of the books,
uocuments oi things uoes not appeai, oi if the peison in whose behalf the subpoena
is issueu fails to auvance the ieasonable cost of the piouuction theieof.
The couit may quash a subpoena 08 #%,#"("10.8+9 on the giounu that the
witness is not bounu theieby. In eithei case, the subpoena may be quasheu on the
giounu that the witness fees anu kilometiage alloweu by these Rules weie not
tenueieu when the subpoena was seiveu. (4a, R2S)
SEC. S. >+43'%.0 ('2 8%3',"#"'.,=RPioof of seivice of a notice to take a
ueposition, as pioviueu in sections 1S anu 2S of Rule 2S, shall constitute sufficient
authoiization foi the issuance of subpoenas foi the peisons nameu in saiu notice by
the cleik of the couit of the place in which the ueposition is to be taken. The cleik
shall not, howevei, issue a subpoena 8+1%, #%1+9 to any such peison without an
oiuei of the couit. (Sa, R2S)
SEC. 6. >%27"1%.Seivice of a subpoena shall be maue in the same mannei as
peisonal oi substituteu seivice of summons. The oiiginal shall be exhibiteu anu a
copy theieof ueliveieu to the peison on whom it is seiveu, tenueiing to him the fees
SS
foi one uay's attenuance anu the kilometiage alloweu by these Rules, except that,
when a subpoena is issueu by oi on behalf of the Republic of the Philippines oi an
officei oi agency theieof, the tenuei neeu not be maue. The seivice must be maue so
as to allow the witness a ieasonable time foi piepaiation anu tiavel of the place of
attenuance. If the subpoena is 8+1%, #%1+9< the ieasonable cost of piouucing the
books, uocuments oi things uemanueu shall also be tenueieu. (6a, R2S)
SEC. 7. D%2,'.0$ 033%020.1% ". 1'+2#.A peison piesent in couit befoie a
juuicial officei may be iequiieu to testify as if he weie in attenuance upon a
subpoena issueu by such couit oi officei. (1u, R2S)
SEC. 8. 5'93%$$".6 0##%.80.1%=RIn case of failuie of a witness to attenu, the
couit oi juuge issuing the subpoena, upon pioof of the seivice theieof anu of the
failuie of the witness, may issue a waiiant to the sheiiff of the piovince, oi his
ueputy, to aiiest the witness anu biing him befoie the couit oi officei wheie his
attenuance is iequiieu, anu the cost of such waiiant anu seizuie of such witness
shall be paiu by the witness if the couit issuing it shall ueteimine that his failuie to
answei the subpoena was willful anu without just excuse. (11, R2S)
SEC. 9. 5'.#%93#RFailuie by any peison without auequate cause to obey a
subpoena seiveu upon him shall ueemeu a contempt of the couit fiom which the
subpoena is issueu. If the subpoena was not issueu by a couit, the uisobeuience
theieto shall be punisheu in accoiuance with the applicable law oi Rule (12a, R2S)
SEC. 1u. JL1%3#"'.,=RThe piovisions of sections 8 anu Y this Rule shall not
apply to a witness who iesiues moie than one hunuieu (1uu) kilometeis fiom his
iesiuence to the place wheie he is to testify by the oiuinaiy couise of tiavel, oi to a
uetention piisonei if no peimission of the couit in which his case is penuing was
obtaineu. (9a, R2S)


!"#$ 33
2+8*"/)/-+( +4 /-8$
SECTI0N 1. S'/ #' 1'93+#% #"9%=RIn computing any peiiou of time
piesciibeu oi alloweu by these Rules, oi by oiuei the couit, oi by any applicable
statute, the uay of the act oi event fiom which the uesignateu peiiou of time begins
S6
to iun is to excluueu anu the uate of peifoimance incluueu. If the last uay of the
peiiou, as thus computeu, falls on a Satuiuay, a Sunuay, oi a legal holiuay in the
place wheie the couit sits, the time shall not iun until the next woiking uay. (n)
SEC. 2. J((%1# '( ".#%22+3#"'.=Shoulu an act be uone which effectively
inteiiupts the iunning of the peiiou, the allowable peiiou aftei such inteiiuption
shall stait to iun on the uay aft notice of the cessation of the cause theieof.
The uay of the act that causeu the inteiiuption shall be excluueu in the
computation of the peiiou. (n)

!"#$ 35
0$*+.-/-+(. *$(0-(' )2/-+(
SECTI0N 1. K%3',"#"'., 3%.8".6 01#"'.< /)%. 90; 4% #0I%..By leave of couit
aftei juiisuiction has been obtaineu ovei any uefenuant oi ovei piopeity which is
the subject of the action, without such leave aftei an answei has been seiveu, the
testimony of any peison, whethei a paity oi not, may be taken, at the instance of any
paity, by ueposition upon oial examination oi wiitten inteiiogatoiies. The
attenuance of witnesses may be compelleu by the use of a subpoena as pioviueu in
Rule 21. Bepositions shall be taken only in accoiuance with these Rules. The
ueposition of a peison confineu in piison may be taken only by leave of couit on
such teims as the couit piesciibes. (1a, R24)
SEC. 2. >1'3% '( %L09".0#"'..0nless otheiwise oiueieu by the couit as
pioviueu by section 16 oi 18 of this Rule, the ueponent may be examineu iegaiuing
any mattei, not piivilegeu, which is ielevant to the subject of the penuing action,
whethei ielating to the claim oi uefense of any othei paity, incluuing the existence,
uesciiption, natuie, custouy, conuition, anu location of any books, uocuments, oi
othei tangible things anu the iuentity anu location of peisons having knowleuge of
ielevant facts. (2, R24)
SEC. S. JL09".0#"'. 0.8 12',,F%L09".0#"'. .Examination anu cioss-
examination of ueponents may pioceeu as peimitteu at the tiial unuei sections S to
18 of Rule 1S2. (Sa, R24)
SEC. 4. G,% '( 8%3',"#"'.,=RAt the tiial oi upon the heaiing of a motion oi an
inteilocutoiy pioceeuing, any pait oi all of a ueposition, so fai as aumissible unuei
S7
the iules of eviuence, may be useu against any paity who was piesent oi
iepiesenteu at the taking of the ueposition oi who hau uue notice theieof, in
accoiuance with any one of the following piovisions:
(a) Any ueposition may be useu by any paity foi the puipose of
contiauicting oi impeaching the testimony of ueponent as a witness;
(b) The ueposition of a paity oi of any one who at the time of taking
the ueposition was an officei, uiiectoi, oi managing agent of a public oi piivate
coipoiation, paitneiship, oi association which is a paity may be useu by an
auveise paity foi any puipose;
(c) The ueposition of a witness, whethei oi not a paity, may be
useu by any paity foi any puipose if the couit finus: (1) that the witness is
ueau; oi (2) that the witness iesiues at a uistance moie than one hunuieu
(1uu) kilometeis fiom the place of tiial oi heaiing, oi is out of the Philippines,
unless it appeais that his absence was piocuieu by the paity offeiing the
ueposition; oi (S) that the witness is unable to attenu oi testify because of age,
sickness, infiimity, oi impiisonment; oi (4) that the paity offeiing the
ueposition has been unable to piocuie the attenuance of the witness by
subpoena; oi (S) upon application anu notice, that such exceptional
ciicumstances exist as to make it uesiiable, in the inteiest of justice anu with
uue iegaiu to the impoitance of piesenting the testimony of witnesses oially
in open couit, to allow the ueposition to be useu; anu
(u) If only pait of a ueposition is offeieu in eviuence by a paity; the
auveise paity may iequiie him to intiouuce all of it which is ielevant to the
pait intiouuceu, anu any paity may intiouuce any othei paits. (4a, R24)
SEC. S. J((%1# '( ,+4,#"#+#"'. '( paities.Substitution of paities uoes not affect
the iight to use uepositions pieviously taken; anu, when an action has been
uismisseu anu anothei action involving the same subject is afteiwaiu biought
between the same paities oi theii iepiesentatives oi successois in inteiest, all
uepositions lawfully taken anu uuly fileu in the foimei action may be useu in the
lattei as if oiiginally taken theiefoi. (S, R24)
SEC. 6. :4B%1#"'., #' 089",,"4"$"#;=RSubject to the piovisions of section 29 of
this Rule, objection may be maue at the tiial oi heaiing to ieceiving in eviuence any
ueposition oi pait theieof foi any ieason which woulu iequiie the exclusion of the
eviuence if the witness weie then piesent anu testifying. (6, R24)
SEC. 7. J((%1# '( #0I".6 8%3',"#"'.,=RA paity shall not be ueemeu to make a
peison his own witness foi any puipose by taking his ueposition. (7, R24)
S8
SEC. 8. J((%1# '( +,".6 8%3',"#"'.,=RThe intiouuction in eviuence of the
ueposition oi any pait theieof foi any puipose othei than that of contiauicting oi
impeaching the ueponent makes the ueponent the witness of the paity intiouucing
the ueposition, but this shall not apply to the use by an auveise paity of a ueposition
as uesciibeu in paiagiaph (b) of section 4 of this Rule. (8, R24)
SEC. 9. *%4+##".6 8%3',"#"'.=RAt the tiial oi heaiing, any paity may iebut any
ielevant eviuence containeu in a ueposition whethei intiouuceu 4; him oi by any
othei paity. (9, R24)
SEC. 1u. D%2,'., 4%('2% /)'9 8%3',"#"'., 90; 4% #0I%. /"#)". #)% D)"$"33".%,=R
Within the Philippines, uepositions must be taken befoie any juuge, notaiy public,
on the peison iefeiieu to in section 14 heieof. (1ua, R24)
SEC. 11. D%2,'., 4%('2% /)'9 8%3',"#"'., 90; 4% #0I%. ". ('2%"6. 1'+.#2"%,=RIn
a foieign state oi countiy, uepositions may be taken (a) on notice befoie a secietaiy
of embassy oi legation, consul geneial, consul, vice-consul, oi consulai agent of the
Republic of the Philippines; (b) befoie such peison oi officei as may be appointeu
by commission oi unuei letteis iogatoiy; oi (c) the peison iefeiieu to in section 14
heieof. (11a, R24)
SEC. 12. 5'99",,"'. '2 $%##%2, 2'60#'2;=RA commission oi letteis iogatoiy
shall be issueu only when necessaiy oi convenient, on application anu notice, anu
on such teims anu with such uiiection as aie just appiopiiate. 0fficeis may be
uesignateu in notices oi commissions eithei by name oi uesciiptive title anu letteis
iogatoiy may be auuiesseu to the appiopiiate juuicial authoiity in the foieign
countiy. (12n, R24)
SEC. 1S. K",V+0$"("10#"'. 4; ".#%2%,#=RNo ueposition shall be taken befoie a
peison who is a ielative within the sixth uegiee of consanguinity oi affinity, oi
employee oi counsel of any of the paities; oi who is a ielative within the same
uegiee, oi employee of such counsel; oi who is financially inteiesteu in the action.
(1Sa, R24)
SEC. 14. >#"3+$0#"'., 2%6028".6 #0I".6 '( 8%3',"#"'.,=RIf the paities so stipulate
in wiiting, uepositions may be taken befoie any peison authoiizeu to auministei
oaths, at any time oi place, in accoiuance with these Rules, anu when so taken may
be useu like othei uepositions. (14a, R24)
SEC. 1S. K%3',"#"'. +3'. '20$ %L09".0#"'.? .'#"1%? #"9% 0.8 place.A paity
uesiiing to take the ueposition of any peison upon oial examination shall give
ieasonable notice in wiiting to eveiy othei paity to the action. The notice shall state
the time anu place foi taking the ueposition anu the name anu auuiess of each
S9
peison to be examineu, if known, anu if the name is at known, a geneial uesciiption
sufficient to iuentify him oi the paiticulai class oi gioup to which he belongs. 0n
motion of any paity upon whom the notice is seiveu, the couit may foi cause shown
enlaige oi shoiten the time. (1S, R24)
SEC. 16. :28%2, ('2 #)% 32'#%1#"'. '( 302#"%, 0.8 8%3'.%.#,=R Aftei notice is
seiveu foi taking a ueposition by oial examination, upon motion seasonably maue
by any paity oi by the peison to be examineu anu foi goou cause shown, the couit in
which the action is penuing may make an oiuei that the ueposition shall not be
taken, oi that it may be taken only at some uesignateu place othei than that stateu in
the notice, oi that it may be taken only on wiitten inteiiogatoiies, oi that ceitain
matteis shall not be inquiieu into, oi that the scope of the examination shall be helu
with no one piesent except the paities to the action anu theii officeis oi counsel, oi
that aftei being sealeu the ueposition shall b openeu only by oiuei of the couit, oi
that seciet piocesses uevelopments, oi ieseaich neeu not be uiscloseu, oi that the
paities shall simultaneously fileu specifieu uocuments oi infoimation encloseu in
sealeu envelope to be openeu as uiiecteu by the couit; oi the couit may make any
othei oiuei which justice iequiies to piotect the paity oi witness fiom annoyance,
embaiiassment, oi oppiession. (16a, R24)
SEC. 17. *%1'28 '( %L09".0#"'.? '0#)? '4B%1#"'.,=RThe officei befoie whom the
ueposition is to be taken shall put the witness oi oath anu shall peisonally, oi by
some one acting unuei his uiiection anu in his piesence, iecoiu the testimony of the
witness. The testimony shall be taken stenogiaphically unless the paities agiee
otheiwise. All objections maue at the time of the examination to the qualifications of
the officei taking the ueposition, oi to the mannei of taking it, oi to the eviuence
piesenteu, oi to the conuuct of any paity, anu any othei objection to the
pioceeuings, shall be noteu by the officei upon the ueposition. Eviuence objecteu to
shall be taken subject to the objections. In lieu of paiticipating in the oial
examination, paities seiveu with notice of taking a ueposition may tiansmit wiitten
inteiiogatoiies to the officeis, who shall piopounu them to the witness anu iecoiu
the answeis 7%240#"9= (17, R24)
SEC. 18. A'#"'. #' #%29".0#% '2 $"9"# %L09".0#"'.=RAt any time uuiing the
taking of the ueposition, on motion oi petition of any paity oi of the ueponent anu
upon a showing that the examination is being conuucteu in bau faith oi in such
mannei, as unieasonably to annoy, embaiiass, oi oppiess the ueponent oi paity,
the couit in which the action is penuing oi the Regional Tiial Couit of the place
wheie the ueposition is being taken may oiuei the officei conuucting the
examination to cease foithwith fiom taking the ueposition, oi may limit the scope
anu mannei of the taking of the ueposition, as pioviueu in section 16 of this Rule. If
4u
the oiuei maue teiminates the examination, it shall be iesumeu theieaftei only
upon the oiuei of the couit in which the action is penuing. 0pon uemanu of the
objecting paity oi ueponent, the taking of the ueposition shall be suspenueu foi the
time necessaiy to make a notice foi an oiuei. In gianting oi iefusing such oiuei, the
couit may impose upon eithei paity oi upon the witness the iequiiement to pay
such costs oi expenses as the couit may ueem ieasonable. (18a, R24)
SEC. 19. >+49",,"'. #' /"#.%,,? 1)0.6%,? ,"6.".6=RWhen the testimony is fully
tiansciibeu, the ueposition shall be submitteu to the witness foi examination anu
shall be ieau to oi by him, unless such examination anu ieauing aie waiveu by the
witness anu by the paities. Any changes in foim oi substance which the witness
uesiies to make shall be enteieu upon the ueposition by the officei with a statement
of the ieasons given by the witness foi making them. The ueposition shall then be
signeu by the witness, unless the paities by stipulation waive the signing oi the
witness is ill oi cannot be founu oi iefuses to sign. If the ueposition is not signeu by
the witness, the officei shall sign it anu state on the iecoiu the fact of the waivei oi
of the illness oi absence of the witness oi the fact of the iefusal to sign togethei with
the ieason given theiefoi, if any, anu the ueposition may then be useu as fully as
though signeu, unless on a motion to suppiess unuei section 29 (f) of this Rule, the
couit holus that the ieasons given foi the iefusal to sign iequiie iejection 0f the
ueposition in whole oi in pait. (19a, R24)
SEC. 2u. 5%2#"("10#"'. 0.8 ("$".6 4; '(("1%2=RThe officei shall ceitify on the
ueposition that the witness was uuly swoin to by him anu that the ueposition is a
tiue iecoiu of the testimony given by the witness. Be shall then secuiely seal the
ueposition in an envelope inuoiseu with the title of the action anu maikeu
"Beposition of (heie inseit the name of witness)" anu shall piomptly file it with the
couit in which the action is penuing oi senu it by iegisteieu mail to the cleik theieof
foi filing. (2u, R24)
SEC. 21. E'#"1% '( ("$".6=RThe officei taking the ueposition shall give piompt
notice of its filing to all the paities. (21, R24)
SEC. 22. T+2.",)".6 copies=FF0pon payment of ieasonable chaiges theiefoi, the
officei shall fuinish a copy of the ueposition to any paity oi to the ueponent. (22,
R24)
SEC. 2S. T0"$+2% #' 0##%.8 '( 302#; 6"7".6 .'#"1%=RIf the paity giving the notice
of the taking of a ueposition fails to attenu anu pioceeu theiewith anu anothei
attenus in peison oi by counsel puisuant to the notice, the couit may oiuei the
paity giving the notice to pay such othei paity the amount of the ieasonable
expenses incuiieu by him anu his counsel in so attenuing incluuing ieasonable
41
attoiney's fees. (2Sa, R24)
SEC. 24. T0"$+2% '( 302#; 6"7".6 .'#"1% #' ,%27% ,+43'%.0=R If the paity giving
the notice of the taking of a ueposition of a witness fails to seive a subpoena upon
him anu the witness because of such failuie uoes not attenu, anu if anothei paity
attenus in peison oi by counsel because he expects the ueposition of that witness to
be taken, the couit may oiuei the paity giving the notice to pay to such othei paity
the amount of the ieasonable expenses incuiieu by him anu his counsel in so
attenuing incluuing ieasonable attoiney's fees. (24a, R24)
SEC. 2S. K%3',"#"'. +3'. /2"##%. ".#%22'60#'2"%,? ,%27"1% '( .'#"1% 0.8 '(
".#%22'60#'2"%,=RA paity uesiiing to take the ueposition of any peison upon wiitten
inteiiogatoiies shall seive them upon eveiy othei paity with a notice stating the
name anu auuiess of the peison who is to answei them anu the name of uesciiptive
title anu auuiess of the officei befoie whom the ueposition is to be taken. Within ten
(1u) uays theieaftei, a paity so seiveu may seive cioss-inteiiogatoiies upon the
paity pioposing to take the ueposition. Within five (S) uays theieaftei, the lattei
may seive ie-uiiect inteiiogatoiies upon a paity who has seiveu cioss-
inteiiogatoiies. Within thiee (S) uays aftei being seiveu with ie-uiiect
inteiiogatoiies, a paity may seive iecioss-inteiiogatoiies upon the paity pioposing
to take the ueposition. (2S, R24)
SEC. 26. :(("1%2, #' #0I% 2%,3'.,%, 0.8 32%302% 2%1'28=RA copy of the notice
anu copies of all inteiiogatoiies seiveu shall be ueliveieu by the paity taking the
ueposition to the officei uesignateu in the notice, who shall pioceeu piomptly, in the
mannei pioviueu by sections 17, 19 anu 2u of this Rule, to take the testimony of the
witness in iesponse to the inteiiogatoiies anu to piepaie, ceitify, anu fileu oi mail
the ueposition, attaching theieto the copy of the notice anu the inteiiogatoiies
ieceiveu by him. (26, R24)
SEC. 27. E'#"1% '( ("$".6 0.8 (+2.",)".6 1'3"%,=RWhen a ueposition upon
inteiiogatoiies is fileu, the officei taking it shall piomptly give notice theieof to all
the paities, anu may fuinish copies to them oi to the ueponent upon payment of
ieasonable chaiges theiefoi. (27, R24)
SEC. 28. :28%2, ('2 #)% 32'#%1#"'. '( 302#"%, 0.8 8%3'.%.#,=RAftei the seivice of
the inteiiogatoiies anu piioi to the taking of the testimony of the ueponent, the
couit in which the action is penuing, on motion piomptly maue by a paity oi a
ueponent, anu foi goou cause shown, may make any oiuei specifieu in sections 1S,
16 anu 18 of this Rule which is appiopiiate anu just oi an oiuei that the ueposition
shall not be taken befoie the officei uesignateu in the notice oi that it shall not be
taken except upon oial examination. (28a, R24)
42
SEC. 29. J((%1# '( %22'2, 0.8 "22%6+$02"#"%, ". 8%3',"#"'.,=R
(a) H, #' .'#"1%.All eiiois anu iiiegulaiities in the notice foi
taking a ueposition aie waiveu unless wiitten objection is piomptly seiveu
upon the paity giving the notice.
(b) H, #' 8",V+0$"("10#"'. '( '(("1%2=0bjection to taking a
ueposition because of uisqualification of the officei befoie whom it is to be
taken is waiveu unless maue befoie the taking of the ueposition begins oi as
soon theieaftei as the uisqualification becomes known oi coulu be uiscoveieu
with ieasonable uiligence.
(c) H, #' 1'93%#%.1; '2 2%$%70.1; '( %7"8%.1%=0bjections
to the competency of a witness oi the competency, ielevancy, oi mateiiality of
testimony aie not waiveu by failuie to make them befoie oi uuiing the taking
of the ueposition, unless the giounu of the objection is one which might have
been obviateu oi iemoveu if piesenteu at that time.
(u) H, #' '20$ %L09".0#"'. 0.8 '#)%2 302#"1+$02,=Eiiois anu
iiiegulaiities occuiiing at the oial examination in the mannei of taking the
ueposition, in the foim of the questions oi answeis, in the oath oi affiimation,
oi in the conuuct of the paities anu eiiois of any kinu which might be
obviateu, iemoveu, oi cuieu if piomptly piosecuteu, aie waiveu unless
ieasonable objection theieto is maue at the taking of the ueposition.
(e) H, #' ('29 '( /2"##%. ".#%22'60#'2"%,=0bjections to the
foim of wiitten inteiiogatoiies submitteu unuei sections 2S anu 26 of this
Rule aie waiveu unless seiveu in wiiting upon the paity piopounuing them
within the time alloweu foi seiving succeeuing cioss oi othei inteiiogatoiies
anu within thiee (S) uays aftei seivice of the last inteiiogatoiies authoiizeu.
(f) H, #' 90..%2 '( 32%3020#"'.=Eiiois anu iiiegulaiities in
the mannei in which the testimony is tiansciibeu oi the ueposition is
piepaieu, signeu, ceitifieu, sealeu, inuoiseu, tiansmitteu, fileu, oi otheiwise
uealt with by the officei unuei sections 17, 19, 2u anu 26 of this Rule aie
waiveu unless a motion to suppiess the ueposition oi some pait theieof is
maue with ieasonable piomptness aftei such uefect is, oi with uue uiligence
might have been, asceitaineu. (29a, R24)

4S
!"#$ 36
0$*+.-/-+(. A$4+!$ )2/-+( +! *$(0-(' )**$)#
SECTI0N 1. K%3',"#"'., 4%('2% 01#"'.? 3%#"#"'.=RH peison who uesiies to
peipetuate his own testimony oi that of anothei peison iegaiuing any mattei that
may be cognizable in any couit of the Philippines, may fileu a veiifieu petition in the
couit of the place of the iesiuence of any expecteu auveise paity. (1a, R1S4)
SEC. 2. 5'.#%.#, '( 3%#"#"'..The petition shall be entitleu in the name of the
petitionei anu shall show: (a) that the petitionei expects to be a paity to an action in
a couit of the Philippines but is piesently unable to biing it oi cause it to be biought;
(b) the subject mattei of the expecteu action anu his inteiest theiein; (c) the facts
which he uesiies to establish by the pioposeu testimony anu his ieasons foi uesiiing
to peipetuate it; (u) the names oi a uesciiption of the peisons he expects will be
auveise paities anu theii auuiesses so fai as known; anu (e) the names anu
auuiesses of the peisons to be examineu anu the substance of the testimony which
he expects to elicit fiom each, anu shall ask foi an oiuei authoiizing the petitionei to
take the uepositions of the peisons to be examineu nameu in the petition foi the
puipose of peipetuating theii testimony. (2, R1S4)
SEC. S. E'#"1% 0.8 ,%27"1%.The petitionei shall seive a notice upon each
peison nameu in the petition as an expecteu auveise paity, togethei with a copy of
the petition, stating that the petitionei will apply to the couit, at a time anu place
nameu theiein, foi the oiuei uesciibeu in the petition. At least twenty (2u) uays
befoie the uate of the heaiing, the couit shall cause notice theieof to be seiveu on
the paities anu piospective ueponents in the mannei pioviueu foi seivice of
summons. (Sa, R1S4)
SEC. 4. :28%2 0.8 %L09".0#"'.=RIf the couit is satisfieu that the peipetuation
of the testimony may pievent a failuie oi uelay of justice, it shall make an oiuei
uesignating oi uesciibing the peisons whose ueposition may be taken anu
specifying the subject mattei of the examination anu whethei the uepositions shall
be taken upon oial examination oi wiitten inteiiogatoiies. The uepositions may
then be taken in accoiuance with Rule 2S befoie the heaiing. (4a, R1S4)
SEC. S. *%(%2%.1% #' 1'+2#.Foi the puipose of applying Rule 2S to uepositions
foi peipetuating testimony, each iefeience theiein to the couit in which the action is
penuing shall be ueemeu to iefei to the couit in which the petition foi such
ueposition was fileu. (Sa, R1S4)
44
SEC. 6. G,% '( 8%3',"#"'.=RIf a ueposition to peipetuate testimony is taken
unuei this Rule, oi if, although not so taken, it woulu be aumissible in eviuence, it
may be useu in any action involving the same subject mattei subsequently biought
in accoiuance with the piovisions of sections 4 anu S of Rule 2S. (6a, R1S4)
SEC. 7. K%3',"#"'., 3%.8".6 033%0$=RIf an appeal has been taken fiom a
juugment of a couit, incluuing the Couit of Appeals in piopei cases, oi befoie the
taking of an appeal if the time theiefoi has not expiieu, the couit in which the
juugment was ienueieu may allow the taking of uepositions of witnesses to
peipetuate theii testimony foi use in the event of fuithei pioceeuings in the saiu
couit. In such case the paity who uesiies to peipetuate the testimony may make a
motion in the saiu couit foi leave to take the uepositions, upon the same notice anu
seivice theieof as if the action was penuing theiein. The motion shall state (a) the
names anu auuiesses of the peisons to be examineu anu the substance of the
testimony which he expects to elicit fiom each; anu (b) the ieason foi peipetuating
theii testimony. If the couit finus that the peipetuation of the testimony is piopei to
avoiu a failuie oi uelay of justice, it may make an oiuei allowing the uepositions to
be taken, anu theieupon the uepositions may be taken anu useu in the same mannei
anu unuei the same conuitions as aie piesciibeu in these Rules foi uepositions
taken in penuing actions. (7a, R1S4)


!"#$ 37
-(/$!!+')/+!-$. /+ *)!/-$.
SECTI0N 1. -.#%22'60#'2"%, #' 302#"%,? ,%27"1% #)%2%'(=R 0nuei the same
conuitions specifieu in section 1 of Rule 2S, any paity uesiiing to elicit mateiial anu
ielevant facts fiom any auveise paities shall file anu seive upon the lattei wiitten
inteiiogatoiies to be answeieu by the paity seiveu oi, if the paity seiveu is a public
oi piivate coipoiation oi a paitneiship oi association, by any officei theieof
competent to testify in its behalf. (1a)
SEC. 2. H.,/%2 #' ".#%22'60#'2"%,=RThe inteiiogatoiies shall be answeieu fully
in wiiting anu shall be signeu anu swoin to by the peison making them. The paity
upon whom the inteiiogatoiies have been seiveu shall file anu seive a copy of the
answeis on the paity submitting the inteiiogatoiies within fifteen (1S) uays aftei
4S
seivice theieof, unless the couit, on motion anu foi goou cause shown, extenus oi
shoitens the time. (2a)
SEC. S. :4B%1#"'., #' ".#%22'60#'2"%,=R0bjections to any inteiiogatoiies may be
piesenteu to the couit within ten (1u) uays aftei seivice theieof, with notice as in
case of a motion; anu answeis shall be uefeiieu until the objections aie iesolveu,
which shall be at as eaily a time as is piacticable. (Sa)
SEC. 4. E+94%2 '( ".#%22'60#'2"%,=RNo paity may, without leave of couit, seive
moie than one set of inteiiogatoiies to be answeieu by the same paity. (4)
SEC. S. >1'3% 0.8 +,% '( ".#%22'60#'2"%,=RInteiiogatoiies may ielate to any
matteis that can be inquiieu into unuei section 2 of Rule 2S, anu the answeis may
be useu foi the same puiposes pioviueu in section 4 of the same Rule. (Sa)
SEC. 6. J((%1# '( (0"$+2% #' ,%27% /2"##%. ".#%22'60#'2"%,=R 0nless theieaftei
alloweu by the couit foi goou cause shown anu to pievent a failuie of justice, a paity
not seiveu with wiitten inteiiogatoiies may not be compelleu by the auveise paity
to give testimony in open couit, oi to give a ueposition penuing appeal. (n).


!"#$ 39
)08-..-+( A1 )0,$!.$ *)!/1
SECTI0N 1. *%V+%,# ('2 089",,"'.=RAt any time aftei issues have been joineu,
a paity may file anu seive upon any othei paity a wiitten iequest foi the aumission
by the lattei of the genuineness of any mateiial anu ielevant uocument uesciibeu in
anu exhibiteu with the iequest oi of the tiuth of any mateiial anu ielevant mattei of
fact set foith in the iequest. Copies of the uocuments shall be ueliveieu with the
iequest unless copies have alieauy been fuinisheu. (1a)
SEC. 2. -93$"%8 089",,"'.=REach of the matteis of which an aumission is
iequesteu shall be ueemeu aumitteu unless, within a peiiou uesignateu in the
iequest, which shall not be less than fifteen (1S) uays aftei seivice theieof, oi within
such fuithei time as the couit may allow on motion, the paity to whom the iequest
is uiiecteu files anu seives upon the paity iequesting the aumission a swoin
statement eithei uenying specifically the matteis of which an aumission is
iequesteu oi setting foith in uetail the ieasons why he cannot tiuthfully eithei
46
aumit oi ueny those matteis.
0bjections to any iequest foi aumission shall be submitteu to the couit by the
paity iequesteu within the peiiou foi anu piioi to the filing of his swoin statement
as contemplateu in the pieceuing paiagiaph anu his compliance theiewith shall be
uefeiieu until such obligations aie iesolveu, which iesolution shall be maue as eaily
as piacticable. (2a)
SEC. S. J((%1# '( 089",,"'.=RAny aumission maue by a paity puisuant to such
iequest is foi the puipose of the penuing action only anu shall not constitute an
aumission by him foi any othei puipose noi may the same be useu against him in
any othei pioceeuing. (S)
SEC. 4. C"#)820/0$=RThe couit may allow the paity making an aumission
unuei this Rule, whethei expiess oi implieu, to withuiaw oi amenu it upon such
teims as may be just. (4)
SEC. S. J((%1# '( (0"$+2% #' ("$% 0.8 ,%27% 2%V+%,# ('2 089",,"'..0nless
otheiwise alloweu by the couit foi goou cause shown anu to pievent a failuie of
justice, a paity who fails to file anu seive a iequest foi aumission on the auveise
paity of mateiial anu ielevant facts at issue which aie, oi ought to be, within the
peisonal knowleuge of the lattei, shall not be peimitteu to piesent eviuence on such
facts. (n)

!"#$ 3;
*!+0"2/-+( +! -(.*$2/-+( +4 0+2"8$(/. +! /@-('.
SECTI0N 1. A'#"'. ('2 32'8+1#"'. '2 ".,3%1#"'.? '28%2= Z0pon motion of any
paity showing goou cause theiefoi, the couit in which an action is penuing may (a)
oiuei any paity to piouuce anu peimit the inspection anu copying oi
photogiaphing, by oi on behalf of the moving paity, of any uesignateu uocuments,
papeis, books, accounts, letteis, photogiaphs, objects oi tangible things not
piivilegeu, which constitute oi contain eviuence mateiial to any mattei involveu in
the action anu which aie in his possession custouy oi contiol; oi (b) oiuei any paity
oi peimit entiy upon uesignateu lanu oi othei piopeity in his possession oi contiol
47
foi the puipose of inspecting, measuiing, suiveying, oi photogiaphing the piopeity
oi any uesignateu ielevant object oi opeiation theieon. The oiuei shall specify the
time, place anu mannei of making the inspection anu taking copies anu
photogiaphs, anu may piesciibe such teims anu conuitions as aie just. (1a)

!"#$ 3<
*@1.-2)# )(0 8$(/)# $F)8-()/-+( +4 *$!.+(.
SECTI0N 1. C)%. %L09".0#"'. 90; 4% '28%2%8=RIn an action in which the
mental oi physical conuition of a paity is in contioveisy, the couit in which the
action is penuing may in its uiscietion oiuei him to submit to a physical oi mental
examination by a physician. (1)
SEC. 2. :28%2 ('2 %L09".0#"'.=RThe oiuei foi examination may be maue only
on motion foi goou cause shown anu upon notice to the paity to be examineu anu to
all othei paities, anu shall specify the time, place, mannei, conuitions anu scope of
the examination anu the peison oi peisons by whom it is to be maue. (2)
SEC. S. *%3'2# '( (".8".6,RIf iequesteu by the paity examineu, the paity
causing the examination to be maue shall uelivei to him a copy of a uetaileu wiitten
iepoit of the examining physician setting out his finuings anu conclusions. Aftei
such iequest anu ueliveiy, the paity causing the examination to be maue shall be
entitleu upon iequest to ieceive fiom the paity examineu a like iepoit of any
examination, pieviously oi theieaftei maue, of the same mental oi physical
conuition. If the paity examineu iefuses to uelivei such iepoit, the couit on motion
anu notice may make an oiuei iequiiing ueliveiy on such teims as aie just, anu if a
physician fails oi iefuses to make such a iepoit the couit may excluue his testimony
if offeieu at the tiial. (Sa)
SEC. 4. C0"7%2 '( 32"7"$%6%=RBy iequesting anu obtaining a iepoit of the
examination so oiueieu oi by taking the ueposition of the examinei, the paity
examineu waives any piivilege he may have in that action oi any othei involving the
same contioveisy, iegaiuing the testimony of eveiy othei peison who has examineu
oi may theieaftei examine him in iespect of the same mental oi physical
examination. (4)
48
!"#$ 3=
!$4".)# /+ 2+8*#1 ?-/@ 8+0$. +4 0-.2+,$!1
SECTI0N 1. *%(+,0$ #' 0.,/%2=RIf a paity oi othei ueponent iefuses to answei
any question upon oial examination, the examination may be completeu on othei
matteis oi aujouineu as the pioponent of the question may piefei. The pioponent
may theieaftei apply to the piopei couit of the place wheie the ueposition is being
taken, foi an oiuei to compel an answei. The same pioceuuie may be availeu of
when a paity oi a witness iefuses to answei any inteiiogatoiy submitteu unuei
Rules 2S oi 2S.
If the application is gianteu, the couit shall iequiie the iefusing paity oi
ueponent to answei the question oi inteiiogatoiy anu if it also finus that the iefusal
to answei was without substantial justification, it may iequiie the iefusing paity oi
ueponent oi the counsel auvising the iefusal, oi both of them, to pay the pioponent
the amount of the ieasonable expenses incuiieu in obtaining the oiuei, incluuing
attoiney's fees.
If the application is uenieu anu the couit finus that it was fileu without
substantial justification, the couit may iequiie the pioponent oi the counsel
auvising the filing of the application, oi both of them, to pay to the iefusing paity oi
ueponent the amount of the ieasonable expenses incuiieu in opposing the
application, incluuing attoiney's fees. (1a)
SEC. 2. 5'.#%93# '( couit.If a paity oi othei witness iefuses to be swoin oi
iefuses to answei any question aftei being uiiecteu to uo so by the couit of the place
in which the ueposition is being taken, the iefusal may be consiueieu a contempt of
that couit. (2a)
SEC. S. :#)%2 1'.,%V+%.1%,=RIf any paity oi an officei oi managing agent of a
paity iefuses to obey an oiuei maue unuei section 1 of this Rule iequiiing him to
answei uesignateu questions, oi an oiuei unuei Rule 27 to piouuce any uocument
oi othei thing foi inspection copying oi photogiaphing oi to peimit it to be uone, oi
to peimit entiy upon lanu oi othei piopeity, oi an oiuei maue unuei Rule 28
iequiiing him to submit to a physical oi mental examination, the couit may make
such oiueis in iegaiu to the iefusal as aie just, anu among otheis the following:
(a) An oiuei that the matteis iegaiuing which the questions weie
askeu, oi the chaiactei oi uesciiption of the thing oi lanu, oi the contents of
49
the papei, oi the physical oi mental conuition of the paity oi any othei
uesignateu facts shall be taken to be establisheu foi the puiposes of the action
in accoiuance with the claim of the paity obtaining the oiuei;
(b) An oiuei iefusing to allow the uisobeuient paity to suppoit oi
oppose uesignateu claims oi uefenses oi piohibiting him fiom intiouucing in
eviuence uesignateu uocuments oi things oi items of testimony, oi fiom
intiouucing eviuence of physical oi mental conuition;
(c) An oiuei stiiking out pleauings oi paits theieof, oi staying fuithei
pioceeuings until the oiuei is obeyeu, oi uismissing the action oi pioceeuing
oi any pait theieof oi ienueiing a juugment by uefault against the uisobeuient
paity; anu
(u) In lieu of any of the foiegoing oiueis oi in auuition theieto, an
oiuei uiiecting the aiiest of any paity oi agent of paity foi uisobeying any of
such oiueis except an oiuei to submit to a physical oi mental examination.
(Sa)
SEC. 4. JL3%.,%, '. 2%(+,0$ #' 089"#=RIf a paity aftei being seiveu with a
iequest unuei Rule 26 to aumit the genuineness of any uocument oi the tiuth of any
mattei of fact, seives a swoin uenial theieof anu if the paity iequesting the
aumissions theieaftei pioves the genuineness of such uocument oi the tiuth of any
such mattei of fact, he may apply to the couit foi an oiuei iequiiing the othei paity
to pay him the ieasonable expenses incuiieu in making such pioof, incluuing
attoiney's fees. 0nless the couit finus that theie weie goou ieasons foi the uenial oi
that aumissions sought weie of no substantial impoitance, such oiuei shall be
issueu. (4a)
SEC. S. T0"$+2% '( 302#; #' 0##%.8 '2 ,%27% 0.,/%2,=RIf a paity oi an officei oi
managing agent of a paity wilfully fails to appeai befoie the officei who is to take his
ueposition, aftei being seiveu with a piopei notice, oi fails to seive answeis to
inteiiogatoiies submitteu unuei Rule 2S aftei piopei seivice of such
inteiiogatoiies, the couit on motion anu notice, may stiike out all oi any pait of any
pleauing of the paity, oi uismiss the action oi pioceeuing oi any pait theieof, oi
entei a juugment by uefault against the paity, anu in its uiscietion, oiuei him to pay
ieasonable expenses incuiieu by the othei, incluuing attoiney's fees. (S)
SEC. 6. JL3%.,%, 060".,# #)% *%3+4$"1 '( #)% D)"$"33".%,=RExpenses anu
attoiney's fees aie not to be imposeu upon the Republic of the Philippines unuei
this Rule.(6)

Su
!"#$ 5>
/!-)#
SECTI0N 1. E'#"1% '( tiial.0pon entiy of a case in the tiial calenuai, the cleik
shall notify the paities of the uate of its tiial in such mannei as shall ensuie his
ieceipt of that notice at least five (S) uays befoie such uate. (2a, R22)
SEC. 2. H8B'+2.9%.#, 0.8 3',#3'.%9%.#,=RA couit may aujouin a tiial fiom
uay to uay, anu to any stateu time, as the expeuitious anu convenient tiansaction of
business may iequiie, but shall have no powei to aujouin a tiial foi a longei peiiou
than one month foi each aujouinment, noi moie than thiee months in all, except
when authoiizeu in wiiting by the Couit Auministiatoi, Supieme Couit. (Sa, R22)
SEC. S. *%V+","#%, '( 9'#"'. #' 3',#3'.% #2"0$ ('2 04,%.1% '( %7"8%.1%=RA motion
to postpone a tiial on the giounu of absence of eviuence can be gianteu only upon
affiuavit showing the mateiiality oi ielevancy of such eviuence, anu that uue
uiligence has been useu to piocuie it. But if the auveise paity aumits the facts to be
given in eviuence, even if he objects oi ieseives the iight to theii aumissibility, the
tiial shall not be postponeu. (4a, R22)
SEC. 4. *%V+","#%, '( 9'#"'. #' 3',#3'.% #2"0$ ('2 "$$.%,, '( 302#; '2 1'+.,%$=RA
motion to postpone a tiial on the giounu of illness of a paity oi counsel may be
gianteu if it appeais upon affiuavit oi swoin ceitification that the piesence of such
paity oi counsel at the tiial is inuispensable anu that the chaiactei of his illness is
such as to ienuei his non-attenuance excusable. (Sa, R22)
SEC. S. :28%2 '( #2"0$.Subject to the piovisions of section 2 of Rule S1, anu
unless the couit foi special ieasons otheiwise uiiects, the tiial shall be limiteu to the
issues stateu in the pie-tiial oiuei anu shall pioceeu as follows:
(a) The plaintiff shall auuuce eviuence in suppoit of his complaint;
(b) The uefenuant shall then auuuce eviuence in suppoit of his
uefense, counteiclaim, cioss-claim anu thiiu-paity complaint;
(c) The thiiu-paity uefenuant, if any, shall auuuce eviuence of his
uefense, counteiclaim, cioss-claim anu fouith-paity complaint;
(u) The fouith-paity, anu so foith, if any, shall auuuce eviuence of the
mateiial facts pleaueu by them;
S1
(e) The paities against whom any counteiclaim oi cioss-claim has
been pleaueu, shall auuuce eviuence in suppoit of theii uefense, in the oiuei to
be piesciibeu by the couit;
(f) The paities may then iespectively auuuce iebutting eviuence
only, unless the couit, foi goou ieasons anu in the fuitheiance of justice,
peimits them to auuuce eviuence upon theii oiiginal case; anu
(g) 0pon aumission of the eviuence, the case shall be ueemeu
submitteu foi uecision, unless the couit uiiects the paities to aigue oi to
submit theii iespective memoianua oi any fuithei pleauings.
If seveial uefenuants oi thiiu-paity uefenuants, anu so foith. having sepaiate
uefenses appeai by uiffeient counsel, the couit shall ueteimine the ielative oiuei of
piesentation of theii eviuence. (1a, RSu)
SEC. 6. H62%%8 ,#0#%9%.# '( (01#,RThe paities to any action may agiee, in
wiiting, upon the facts involveu in the litigation, anu submit the case foi juugment
on the facts agieeu upon, without the intiouuction of eviuence.
If the paities agiee only on some of the facts in issue, the tiial shall be helu as
to the uisputeu facts in such oiuei as the couit shall piesciibe. (2a, RSu)
SEC. 7. >#0#%9%.# of juuge.Buiing the heaiing oi tiial of a case any statement
maue by the juuge with iefeience to the case, oi to any of the paities, witnesses oi
counsel, shall be maue of iecoiu in the stenogiaphic notes. (Sa, RSu)
SEC. 8. >+,3%.,"'. '( 01#"'.,=RThe suspension of actions shall be goveineu by
the piovisions of the Civil Coue. (n)
SEC. 9. @+86% #' 2%1%"7% %7"8%.1%? 8%$%60#"'. #' 1$%2I '( 1'+2#=RThe juuge of the
couit wheie the case is penuing shall peisonally ieceive the eviuence to be auuuceu
by the paities. Bowevei, in uefault oi eL 302#% heaiings, anu in any case wheie the
paities agiee ". wiiting, the couit may uelegate the ieception of eviuence to its cleik
of couit who is a membei of the bai. The cleik of couit shall have no powei to iule
on objections to any question oi to the aumission of exhibits, which objections shall
be iesolveu by the couit upon submission of his iepoit anu the tiansciipts within
ten (1u) uays fiom teimination of the heaiing. (n)


S2
!"#$ 5&
2+(.+#-0)/-+( +! .$,$!)(2$
SECTI0N 1. 5'.,'$"80#"'..When actions involving a common question of law
oi fact aie penuing befoie the couit, it may oiuei a joint heaiing oi tiial of any oi all
the matteis in issue in the actions; it may oiuei all the actions consoliuateu; anu it
may make such oiueis conceining pioceeuings theiein as may tenu to avoiu
unnecessaiy costs oi uelay. (1)
SEC. 2. >%3020#% #2"0$,=RThe couit, in fuitheiance of convenience oi to avoiu
piejuuice, may oiuei a sepaiate tiial of any claim, cioss-claim, counteiclaim, oi
thiiu-paity complaint, oi of any sepaiate issue oi of any numbei of claims, cioss-
claims, counteiclaims, thiiu-paity complaint oi issues. (2a)

!"#$ 53
/!-)# A1 2+88-..-+($!
SECTI0N 1. *%(%2%.1% 4; 1'.,%.#=RBy wiitten consent of both paities, the
couit may oiuei any oi all of the issues in a case to be iefeiieu to a commissionei to
be agieeu upon by the paities oi to be appointeu by the couit. As useu in these
Rules, the woiu "commissionei" incluues a iefeiee, an auuitoi anu an examinei. (1a,
RSS)
SEC. 2. *%(%2%.1% '28%2%8 '. 9'#"'.=RWhen the paities uo not consent, the
couit may, upon the application of eithei oi of its own motion) uiiect a iefeience to
a commissionei in the following cases:
(a) When the tiial of an issue of fact iequiies the examina-tion
of a long account on eithei siue, in which case the commis-sionei may be
uiiecteu to heai anu iepoit upon the whole issue oi any specific question
involveu theiein;
(b) When the taking of an account is necessaiy foi the
SS
infoimation of the couit befoie juugment, oi foi caiiying a juugment oi oiuei
into effect;
(c) When a question of fact, othei than upon the
pleauings, aiises upon motion oi otheiwise, in any stage of a case, oi foi
caiiying a juugment oi oiuei into effect. (2a, RSS)
SEC. S. :28%2 '( 2%(%2%.1%? 3'/%2, '( #)% 1'99",,"'.%2=R When a iefeience is
maue, the cleik shall foithwith fuinish, the commissionei with a copy of the oiuei of
iefeience. The oiuei may specify oi limit the poweis of the commissionei, anu may
uiiect him to iepoit only upon paiticulai issues, oi to uo oi peifoim paiticulai acts,
oi to ieceive anu iepoit eviuence only, anu may fix the uate foi beginning anu
closing the heaiings anu foi the filing of his iepoit. Subject to the specifications anu
limitations stateu in the oiuei, the commissionei has anu shall exeicise the powei to
iegulate the pioceeuings in eveiy heaiing befoie him anu to uo all acts anu take all
measuies necessaiy oi piopei foi the efficient peifoimance of his uuties unuei the
oiuei. Be may issue subpoenas anu subpoenas 8+1%, #%1+9< sweai witnesses, anu
unless otheiwise pioviueu in the oiuei of iefeience, he may iule upon the
aumissibility of eviuence. The tiial oi heaiing befoie him shall pioceeu in all
iespects as it woulu if helu befoie the couit. (Sa, RSS)
SEC. [= :0#) '( 1'99",,"'.%2=RBefoie enteiing upon his uuties the
commissionei shall be swoin to a faithful anu honest peifoimance theieof. (14,
RSS)
SEC. S. D2'1%%8".6, 4%('2% 1'99",,"'.%2=R0pon ieceipt of the oiuei of
iefeience anu unless otheiwise pioviueu theiein, the commissionei shall foithwith
set a time anu place foi the fiist meeting of the paities oi theii counsel to be helu
within ten (1u) uays aftei the uate of the oiuei of iefeience anu shall notify the
paities oi theii counsel. (Sa, RSS)
SEC. 6. T0"$+2% '( 302#"%, #' 033%02 4%('2% 1'99",,"'.%2=RIf a paity fails to
appeai at the time anu place appointeu, the commissionei may pioceeu %L 302#% oi,
in his uiscietion, aujouin the pioceeuings to a futuie uay, giving notice to the absent
paity oi his counsel of the aujouinment. (6a, RSS)
SEC. \= *%(+,0$ '( /"#.%,,=RThe iefusal of a witness to obey a subpoena issueu
by the commissionei oi to give eviuence befoie him, shall be ueemeu a contempt of
the couit which appointeu the commissionei. (7a, RSS)
SEC. 8. 5'99",,"'.%2 ,)0$$ 07'"8 8%$0;,=RIt is the uuty of the commissionei to
pioceeu with all ieasonable uiligence. Eithei paity, on notice to the paities anu
commissionei, may apply to the couit foi an oiuei iequiiing the commissionei to
S4
expeuite the pioceeuings anu to make his iepoit. (8a, RSS)
SEC. 9. *%3'2# '( 1'99",,"'.%2=R0pon the completion of the tiial oi heaiing oi
pioceeuing befoie the commissionei, he shall file with the couit his iepoit in
wiiting upon the matteis submitteu to him by the oiuei of iefeience. When his
poweis aie not specifieu oi limiteu, he shall set foith his finuings of fact anu
conclusions of law in his iepoit. Be shall attach theieto all. exhibits, affiuavits,
uepositions, papeis anu the tiansciipts, if any, of the testimonial eviuence piesenteu
befoie him. (9a, RSS)
SEC. 1u. E'#"1% #' 302#"%, '( #)% ("$".6 '( 2%3'2#=R0pon the filing of the iepoit,
the paities shall be notifieu by the cleik, anu they shall be alloweu ten (1u) uays
within which to signify giounus of objections to the finuings of the iepoit, if they so
uesiie. 0bjections to the iepoit baseu upon giounus which weie available to the
paities uuiing the pioceeuings befoie the commissionei, othei than objections to
the finuings anu conclusions theiein set foith, shall not be consiueieu by the couit
unless they weie maue befoie the commissionei. (1u, RSS)
SEC. 11. S%02".6 +3'. iepoit.0pon the expiiation of the peiiou of ten (1u)
uays iefeiieu to in the pieceuing section, the iepoit shall be set foi heaiing, aftei
which the couit shall issue an oiuei auopting, mouifying, oi iejecting the iepoit in
whole oi in pait, oi iecommitting it with instiuctions, oi iequiiing the paities to
piesent fuithei eviuence befoie the commissionei oi the couit. (11a, RSS)
SEC. 12. >#"3+$0#"'., 0, #' (".8".6,=RWhen the paities stipulate that a
commissionei's finuings of fact shall be final, only questions of law shall theieaftei
be consiueieu. (12a, RSS)
SEC. 1S. 5'93%.,0#"'. '( 1'99",,"'.%2=RThe couit shall allow the
commissionei such ieasonable compensation as the ciicumstances of the case
waiiant, to be taxeu as costs against the uefeateu paity, oi appoitioneu, as justice
iequiies. (1S, RSS)

!"#$ 55
0$8"!!$! /+ $,-0$(2$
SS
SECTI0N 1. K%9+22%2 #' %7"8%.1%=RAftei the plaintiff has completeu the
piesentation of his eviuence, the uefenuant may move foi uismissal on the giounu
that upon the facts anu the law the plaintiff has shown no iight to ielief. If his
motion is uenieu, he shall have the iight to piesent eviuence. If the motion is
gianteu but on appeal the oiuei of uismissal is ieveiseu he shall be ueemeu to have
waiveu the iight to piesent eviuence. (1a, RSS)

!"#$ 56
D"0'8$(/ +( /@$ *#$)0-('.
SECTI0N 1. @+869%.# '. #)% 3$%08".6,=RWheie an answei fails to tenuei an
issue, oi otheiwise aumits the mateiial allegations of the auveise paity's pleauing,
the couit may, on motion of that paity, uiiect juugment on such pleauing. Bowevei,
in actions foi ueclaiation of nullity oi annulment of maiiiage oi foi legal sepaiation,
the mateiial facts allegeu in the complaint shall always be pioveu. (1a, R19)

!"#$ 57
."88)!1 D"0'8$(/.
SECTI0N 1. >+9902; B+869%.# ('2 1$0"90.#=RA paity seeking to iecovei upon
a claim, counteiclaim, oi cioss-claim oi to obtain a ueclaiatoiy ielief may, at any
time aftei the pleauing in answei theieto has been seiveu, move with suppoiting
affiuavits, uepositions oi aumissions foi a summaiy juugment in his favoi upon all
oi any pait theieof. (1a, RS4)
SEC. 2. >+9902; B+869%.# ('2 8%(%.8".6 paity.A paity against whom a claim,
counteiclaim oi cioss-claim is asseiteu oi a ueclaiatoiy ielief is sought may, at any
time, move with suppoiting affiuavits, uepositions oi aumissions foi a summaiy
S6
juugment in his favoi as to all oi any pait theieof. (2a, RS4)
SEC. S. A'#"'. 0.8 32'1%%8".6, #)%2%'. .The motion shall be seiveu at least
ten (1u) uays befoie the time specifieu foi the heaiing. The auveise paity may seive
opposing affiuavits, uepositions, oi aumissions at least thiee (S) uays befoie the
heaiing. Aftei the heaiing, the juugment sought shall be ienueieu foithwith if the
pleauings, suppoiting affiuavits, uepositions, anu aumissions on file, show that,
except as to the amount of uamages, theie is no genuine issue as to any mateiial fact
anu that the moving paity is entitleu to a juugment as a mattei of law. (Sa, RS4)
SEC. 4. 50,% .'# (+$$; 08B+8"10#%8 '. 9'#"'.=RIf on motion unuei this Rule,
juugment is not ienueieu upon the whole case oi foi all the ieliefs sought anu a tiial
is necessaiy, the couit at the heaiing of the motion, by examining the pleauings anu
the eviuence befoie it anu by inteiiogating counsel shall asceitain what mateiial
facts exist without substantial contioveisy anu what aie actually anu in goou faith
contioveiteu. It shall theieupon make an oiuei specifying the facts that appeai
without substantial contioveisy, incluuing the extent to which the amount of
uamages oi othei ielief is not in contioveisy, anu uiiecting such fuithei pioceeuings
in the action as aie just. The facts so specifieu shall be ueemeu establisheu, anu the
tiial shall be conuucteu on the contioveiteu facts accoiuingly. (4a, RS4)
SEC. S. T'29 '( 0(("807"#, 0.8 ,+33'2#".6 303%2,=RSuppoiting anu opposing
affiuavits shall be maue on peisonal knowleuge, shall set foith such facts as woulu
be aumissible in eviuence, anu shall show affiimatively that the affiant is competent
to testify to the matteis stateu theiein. Ceitifieu tiue copies of all papeis oi paits
theieof iefeiieu to in the affiuavit shall be attacheu theieto oi seiveu theiewith. (Sa,
RS4)
SEC. 6. H(("807"#, ". 408 faith.Shoulu it appeai to its satisfaction at any time
that any of the affiuavits piesenteu puisuant to this Rule aie piesenteu in bau faith,
oi solely foi the puipose of uelay, the couit shall foithwith oiuei the offenuing paity
oi counsel to pay to the othei paity the amount of the ieasonable expenses which
the filing of the affiuavits causeu him to incui, incluuing attoiney's fees. It may, aftei
heaiing, fuithei aujuuge the offenuing paity oi counsel guilty of contempt. (6a, RS4)


S7
!"#$ 59
D"0'8$(/.C 4-()# +!0$!. )(0 $(/!1 /@$!$+4
SECTI0N 1. *%.8"#"'. '( B+869%.#, 0.8 (".0$ '28%2,=RA juugment oi final oiuei
ueteimining the meiits of the case shall be in wiiting peisonally anu uiiectly
piepaieu by the juuge, stating cleaily anu uistinctly the facts anu the law on which it
is baseu, signeu by him, anu fileu with the cleik of the couit. (1a)
SEC. 2. J.#2; '( B+869%.#, 0.8 (".0$ '28%2,=RIf no appeal oi motion foi new
tiial oi ieconsiueiation is fileu within the time pioviueu in these Rules, the
juugment oi final oiuei shall foithwith be enteieu by the cleik in the book of entiies
of juugments. The uate of finality of the juugment oi final oiuei shall be ueemeu to
be the uate of its entiy. The iecoiu shall contain the uispositive pait of the juugment
oi final oiuei anu shall be signeu by the cleik, with a ceitificate that such juugment
oi final oiuei has become final anu executoiy. (2a, 1u, RS1).
SEC. S. @+869%.# ('2 '2 060".,# '.% '2 9'2% '( ,%7%20$ paities.}uugment may
be given foi oi against one oi moie seveial plaintiffs, anu foi oi against one oi moie
of seveial uefenuants. When justice so uemanus, the couit may iequiie the paities
on each siue to file auveisaiy pleauings as between themselves anu ueteimine theii
ultimate iights anu obligations. (S)
SEC. 4. >%7%20$ B+869%.#,=RIn an action against seveial uefenuants, the couit
may, when a seveial juugment is piopei, ienuei juugment against one oi moie of
them, leaving the action to pioceeu against the otheis. (4)
SEC. S. >%3020#% B+869%.#,=RWhen moie than one claim foi ielief is piesenteu
in an action, the couit, at any stage, upon a ueteimination of the issues mateiial to a
paiticulai claim anu all counteiclaims aiising out of the tiansaction oi occuiience
which is the subject mattei of the claim, may ienuei a sepaiate juugment uisposing
of such claim. The juugment shall teiminate the action with iespect to the claim so
uisposeu of anu the action shall pioceeu as to the iemaining claims. In case a
sepaiate juugment is ienueieu, the couit by oiuei may stay its enfoicement until
the ienuition of a subsequent juugment oi juugments anu may piesciibe such
conuitions as may be necessaiy to secuie the benefit theieof to the paity in whose
favoi the juugment is ienueieu. (Sa)
SEC. 6. @+869%.# 060".,# %.#"#; /"#)'+# B+2"8"10$ 3%2,'.0$"#;=RWhen juugment
is ienueieu against two oi moie peisons sueu as an entity without juiiuical
S8
peisonality, the juugment shall set out theii inuiviuual oi piopei names, if known.
(6a)

!"#$ 5;
($? /!-)# +! !$2+(.-0$!)/-+(
SECTI0N 1. M2'+.8, '( 0.8 3%2"'8 ('2 ("$".6 9'#"'. ('2 .%/ #2"0$ '2
2%1'.,"8%20#"'.=RWithin the peiiou foi taking an appeal, the aggiieveu paity may
move the tiial couit to set asiue the juugment oi final oiuei anu giant a new tiial foi
one oi moie of the following causes mateiially affecting the substantial iights of saiu
paity:
(a) Fiauu, acciuent, mistake oi excusable negligence which oiuinaiy
piuuence coulu not have guaiueu against anu by ieason of which such
aggiieveu paity has piobably been impaiieu in his iights; oi
(b) Newly uiscoveieu eviuence, which he coulu not, with ieasonable
uiligence, have uiscoveieu anu piouuceu at the tiial, anu which if piesenteu
woulu piobably altei the iesult.
Within the same peiiou, the aggiieveu paity may also move foi
ieconsiueiation upon the giounus that the uamages awaiueu aie excessive, that the
eviuence is insufficient to justify the uecision oi final oiuei, oi that the uecision oi
final oiuei is contiaiy to law. (1a)
SEC. 2. 5'.#%.#, '( 9'#"'. ('2 .%/ #2"0$ '2 2%1'.,"8%20#"'. 0.8 .'#"1% #)%2%'(=R
The motion shall be maue in wiiting stating the giounu oi giounus theiefoi, a
wiitten notice of which shall be seiveu by the movant on the auveise paity.
A motion foi new tiial shall be pioveu in the mannei pioviueu foi pioof of
motions. A motion foi the cause mentioneu in paia-giaph (a) of the pieceuing
section shall be suppoiteu by affiuavits of meiits which may be iebutteu by
affiuavits. A motion foi the cause mentioneu in paiagiaph (b) shall be suppoiteu by
affiuavits of the witnesses by whom such eviuence is expecteu to be given, oi by
uuly authenticateu uocuments which aie pioposeu to be intiouuceu in eviuence.
A motion foi ieconsiueiation shall point out specifically the finuings oi
conclusions of the juugment oi final oiuei which aie not suppoiteu by the eviuence
oi which aie contiaiy to law, making expiess iefeience to the testimonial oi
S9
uocumentaiy eviuence oi to the piovisions of law allegeu to be contiaiy to such
finuings oi conclusions.
A 32' ('290 motion foi new tiial oi ieconsiueiation shall not toll the
ieglementaiy peiiou of appeal. (2a)
SEC. S. H1#"'. +3'. 9'#"'. ('2 .%/ #2"0$ '2 2%1'.,"8%20F#"'.=RThe tiial couit
may set asiue the juugment oi final oiuei anu giant a new tiial, upon such teims as
may be just; oi may ueny the motion. If the couit finus that excessive uamages have
been awaiueu oi that the juugment oi final oiuei is contiaiy to the eviuence oi law,
it may amenu such juugment oi final oiuei accoiuingly. (Sa)
SEC. 4. *%,'$+#"'. '( 9'#"'.RA motion foi new tiial oi ieconsiueiation shall
be iesolveu within thiity (Su) uays fiom the time it is submitteu foi iesolution. (n)
SEC. S. >%1'.8 9'#"'. ('2 .%/ #2"0$=RA motion foi new tiial shall incluue all
giounus then available anu those not so incluueu shall be ueemeu waiveu. A seconu
motion foi new tiial, baseu on a giounu not existing noi available when the fiist
motion was maue, may be fileu within the time heiein pioviueu excluuing the time
uuiing which the fiist motion hau been penuing.
No paity shall be alloweu a seconu motion foi ieconsiueiation of a juugment
oi final oiuei. (4a, 4, IRu)
SEC. 6. J((%1# '( 620.#".6 '( 9'#"'. ('2 .%/ #2"0$=RIf a new tiial is gianteu in
accoiuance with the piovisions of this Rule, the oiiginal juugment oi final oiuei
shall be vacateu, anu the action shall stanu foi tiial 8% .'7'? but the iecoiueu
eviuence taken upon the foimei tiial, insofai as the same is mateiial anu competent
to establish the issues, shall be useu at the new tiial without ietaking the same. (S)
SEC. 7. D02#"0$ .%/ #2"0$ '2 2%1'.,"8%20#"'.=RIf the giounus foi a motion unuei
this Rule appeai to the couit to affect the issues as to only a pait, oi less than all of
the mattei in contioveisy, oi only one, oi less than all, of the paities to it, the couit
may oiuei a new tiial oi giant ieconsiueiation as to such issues if seveiable without
inteifeiing with the juugment oi final oiuei upon the iest. (6a)
SEC. 8. J((%1# '( '28%2 ('2 302#"0$ .%/ #2"0$=Rwhen less than all of the issues aie
oiueieu ietiieu, the couit may eithei entei a juugment oi final oiuei as to the iest,
oi stay the enfoicement of such juugment oi final oiuei until aftei the new tiial. (7a)
SEC. 9. *%9%8; 060".,# '28%2 8%.;".6 0 9'#"'. ('2 .%/ #2"0$ '2
2%1'.,"8%20#"'.=RAn oiuei uenying a motion foi new tiial oi ieconsiueiation is not
appealable, the iemeuy being an appeal fiom the juugment oi final oiuei. (n)
6u
!"#$ 5<
!$#-$4 4!+8 D"0'8$(/.C +!0$!. +! +/@$! *!+2$$0-('.
SECTI0N 1. D%#"#"'. ('2 2%$"%( (2'9 B+869%.#< '28%2< '2 '#)%2 32'1%%8".6,R
When a juugment oi final oiuei is enteieu, oi any othei pioceeuing is theieaftei
taken against a paity in any couit thiough fiauu, acciuent, mistake, oi excusable
negligence, he may file a petition in such couit anu in the same case piaying that the
juugment, oiuei oi pioceeuing be set asiue. (2a)
SEC. 2. D%#"#"'. ('2 2%$"%( (2'9 8%."0$ '( 033%0$RWhen a juugment oi final oiuei
is ienueieu by any couit in a case, anu a paity theieto, by fiauu, acciuent, mistake,
oi excusable negligence, has been pieventeu fiom taking an appeal, he may file a
petition in such couit anu in the same case piaying that the appeal be given uue
couise. (1a)
SEC. S. !"9% ('2 ("$".6 3%#"#"'.? 1'.#%.#, 0.8 7%2"("10#"'.=R A petition pioviueu
foi in eithei of the pieceuing sections of this Rule must be veiifieu, fileu within sixty
(6u) uays aftei the peti-tionei leains of the juugment, final oiuei, oi othei
pioceeuing to be set asiue, anu not moie than six (6) months aftei such juugment oi
final oiuei was enteieu, oi such pioceeuing was taken; anu must be accompanieu
with affiuavits showing the fiauu, acciuent, mistake, oi excusable negligence ielieu
upon, anu the facts constituting the petitionei's goou anu substantial cause of action
oi uefense, as the case may be. (S)
SEC. 4. :28%2 #' ("$% 0. 0.,/%2 RIf the petition is sufficient in foim anu
substance to justify ielief, the couit in which it is fileu, shall issue an oiuei iequiiing
the auveise paities to answei the same within fifteen (1S) uays fiom the ieceipt
theieof. The oiuei shall be seiveu in such mannei as the couit may uiiect, togethei
with copies of the petition anu the accompanying affiuavits. (4a)
SEC. S. D2%$"9".02; ".B+.1#"'. 3%.8".6 32'1%%8".6,=RThe couit in which the
petition is fileu, may giant such pieliminaiy injunction as may be necessaiy foi the
pieseivation of the iights of the paities, upon the filing by the petitionei of a bonu in
favoi of the auveise paity, conuitioneu that if the petition is uismisseu oi the
petitionei fails on the tiial of the case upon its meiits, he will pay the auveise paity
all uamages anu costs that may be awaiueu to him by ieason of the issuance of such
injunction oi the othei pioceeuings following the petition; but such injunction shall
not opeiate to uischaige oi extinguish any lien which the auveise paity may have
acquiieu upon the piopeity of the petitionei. (Sa)
61
SEC. 6. D2'1%%8".6, 0(#%2 0.,/%2 ", ("$%8=RAftei the filing of the answei oi the
expiiation of the peiiou theiefoi, the couit shall heai the petition anu if aftei such
heaiing, it finus that the allegations theieof aie not tiue, the petition shall be
uismisseu; but if it finus saiu allegations to be tiue, it shall set asiue the juugment oi
final oiuei oi othei pioceeuing complaineu of upon such teims as may be just.
Theieaftei the case shall stanu as if such juugment, final oiuei oi othei pioceeuing
hau nevei been ienueieu, issueu oi taken. The couit shall then pioceeu to heai anu
ueteimine the case as if a timely motion foi a new tiial oi ieconsiueiation hau been
gianteu by it. (6a)
SEC. 7= D2'1%8+2% /)%2% #)% 8%."0$ '( 0. 033%0$ ", ,%# 0,"8% .Wheie the uenial
of an appeal is set asiue, the lowei couit shall be iequiieu to give uue couise to the
appeal anu to elevate the iecoiu of the appealeu case as if a timely anu piopei
appeal hau been maue. (7a)


!"#$ 5=
$F$2"/-+(C .)/-.4)2/-+( )(0 $44$2/ +4 D"0'8$(/.
SECTI0N 1. JL%1+#"'. +3'. B+869%.#, '2 (".0$ '28%2,=R Execution shall issue
as a mattei of iight, on motion, upon a juugment oi oiuei that uisposes of the action
oi pioceeuing upon the expiiation of the peiiou to appeal theiefiom if no appeal has
been uuly peifecteu. (1a)
If the appeal has been uuly peifecteu anu finally iesolveu, the execution may
foithwith be applieu foi in the couit of oiigin, on motion of the juugment obligee,
submitting theiewith ceitifieu tiue copies of the juugment oi juugments oi final
oiuei oi oiueis sought to be enfoiceu anu of the entiy theieof, with notice to the
auveise paity.
The appellate couit may, on motion in the same case, when the inteiest of
justice so iequiies, uiiect the couit of oiigin to issue the wiit of execution. (n)
SEC. 2. K",12%#"'.02; %L%1+#"'.=R
(a) Execution of a juugment oi final oiuei penuing appeal. 0n
motion of the pievailing paity with notice to the auveise paity fileu in the tiial
couit while it has juiisuiction ovei the case anu is in possession of eithei the
62
oiiginal iecoiu oi the iecoiu on appeal, as the case may be, at the time of the
filing of such motion, saiu couit may, in its uiscietion, oiuei execution of a
juugment oi final oiuei even befoie the expiiation of the peiiou to appeal.
Aftei the tiial couit has lost juiisuiction, the motion foi execution
penuing appeal may be fileu in the appellate couit.
Biscietionaiy execution may only issue upon goou ieasons to be
stateu in a special oiuei aftei uue heaiing.
(b) Execution of seveial, sepaiate oi paitial juugments.A seveial,
sepaiate oi paitial juugment may be executeu unuei the same teims anu
conuitions as execution of a juugment oi final oiuei penuing appeal. (2a)
SEC. S. >#0; '( 8",12%#"'.02; execution.Biscietionaiy execution issueu unuei
the pieceuing section may be stayeu upon appioval by the piopei couit of a
sufficient supeiseueas bonu fileu by the paity against whom it is uiiecteu,
conuitioneu upon the peifoimance of the juugment oi oiuei alloweu to be executeu
in case it shall be finally sustaineu in whole oi in pait. The bonu thus given may be
pioceeueu against on motion with notice to the suiety. (Sa)
SEC. 4. @+869%.#, .'# ,#0;%8 4; 033%0$=R}uugments in actions foi injunction,
ieceiveiship, accounting anu suppoit, anu such othei juugments as aie now oi may
heieaftei be ueclaieu to be immeuiately executoiy, shall be enfoiceable aftei theii
ienuition anu shall not be stayeu by an appeal taken theiefiom, unless otheiwise
oiueieu by the tiial couit. 0n appeal theiefiom, the appellate couit in its uiscietion
may make an oiuei suspenuing, mouifying, iestoiing oi gianting the injunction,
ieceiveiship, accounting, oi awaiu of suppoit.
The stay of execution shall be upon such teims as to bonu oi otheiwise as may
be consiueieu piopei foi the secuiity oi piotection of the iights of the auveise
paity. (4a)
SEC. S. J((%1# '( 2%7%2,0$ '( %L%1+#%8 B+869%.#.Wheie the executeu juugment
is ieveiseu totally oi paitially, oi annulleu, on appeal oi otheiwise, the tiial couit
may, on motion, issue such oiueis of iestitution oi iepaiation of uamages as equity
anu justice may waiiant unuei the ciicumstances. (Sa)
SEC. ]= JL%1+#"'. 4; 9'#"'. '2 4; ".8%3%.8%.# 01#"'.=RA final anu executoiy
juugment oi oiuei may be executeu on motion within five (S) yeais fiom the uate of
its entiy. Aftei the lapse of such time, anu befoie it is baiieu by the statute of
limitations, a juugment may be enfoiceu by action. The ieviveu juugment may also
be enfoiceu by motion within five (S) yeais fiom the uate of its entiy anu theieaftei
6S
by action befoie it is baiieu by the statute of limitations. (6a)
SEC. \= JL%1+#"'. ". 10,% '( 8%0#) '( 302#;=RIn case of the ueath of a paity,
execution may issue oi be enfoiceu in the following mannei:
(a) In case of the ueath of the juugment obligee, upon the
application of his executoi oi auministiatoi, oi successoi in inteiest.
(b) In case of the ueath of the juugment obligoi, against his
executoi oi auministiatoi oi successoi in inteiest, if the juugment be foi the
iecoveiy of ieal oi peisonal piopeity, oi the enfoicement of a lien theieon;
(c) In case of the ueath of the juugment obligoi, aftei
execution is actually levieu upon any of his piopeity, the same may be solu foi
the satisfaction of the juugment obligation, anu the officei making the sale
shall account to the coiiesponuing executoi oi auministiatoi foi any suiplus
in his hanus. (7a)
SEC. 8. -,,+0.1%< ('29 0.8 1'.#%.#, '( 0 /2"# '( %L%1+#"'.=R The wiit of
execution shall: (1) issue in the name of the Republic of the Philippines fiom the
couit which gianteu the motion; (2) state the name of the couit, the case numbei
anu title, the uispositive pait of the subject juugment oi oiuei; anu (S) iequiie the
sheiiff oi othei piopei officei to whom it is uiiecteu to enfoice the wiit accoiuing to
its teims, in the mannei heieinaftei pioviueu:
(a) If the execution be against the piopeity of the juugment
obligoi, to satisfy the juugment, with inteiest, out of the ieal oi peisonal
piopeity of such juugment obligoi;
(b) If it be against ieal oi peisonal piopeity in the hanus of
peisonal iepiesentatives, heiis, uevisees, legatees, tenants, oi tiustees of the
juugment obligoi, to satisfy the juugment, with inteiest, out of such piopeity;
(c) If it be foi the sale of ieal oi peisonal piopeity, to sell such
piopeity, uesciibing it, anu apply the pioceeus in confoimity with the
juugment, the mateiial paits of which shall be ieciteu in the wiit of execution;
(u) If it be foi the ueliveiy of the possession of ieal oi peisonal
piopeity, to uelivei the possession of the same, uesciibing it, to the paity
entitleu theieto, anu to satisfy any costs, uamages, ients, oi piofits coveieu by
the juugment out of the peisonal piopeity of the peison against whom it was
ienueieu, anu if sufficient peisonal piopeity cannot be founu, then out of the
ieal piopeity; anu
64
(e) In all cases, the wiit of execution shall specifically state the
amount of the inteiest, costs, uamages, ients, oi piofits uue as of the uate of
the issuance of the wiit, asiue fiom the piincipal obligation unuei the
juugment. Foi this puipose, the motion foi execution shall specify the amounts
of the foiegoing ieliefs sought by the movant. (8a)
SEC. 9. JL%1+#"'. '( B+869%.#, ('2 9'.%;< )'/ %.('21%8R
(a) -99%8"0#% 30;9%.# '. 8%90.8=The officei shall enfoice
an execution of a juugment foi money by uemanuing fiom the juugment
obligoi the immeuiate payment of the full amount stateu in the wiit of
execution anu all lawful fees. The juugment. obligoi shall pay in cash, ceitifieu
bank check payable to the juugment obligee, oi any othei foim of payment
acceptable to the lattei, the amount of the juugment uebt unuei piopei ieceipt
uiiectly to the juugment obligee oi his authoiizeu iepiesentative if piesent at
the time of payment. The lawful fees shall be hanueu unuei piopei ieceipt to
the executing sheiiff who shall tuin ovei the saiu amount within the same uay
to the cleik of couit of the couit that issueu the wiit.
If the juugment obligee oi his authoiizeu iepiesentative is not
piesent to ieceive payment, the juugment obligoi shall uelivei the afoiesaiu
payment to the executing sheiiff. The lattei shall tuin ovei all the amounts
coming into his possession within the same uay to the cleik of couit of the
couit that issueu the wiit, oi if the same is not piacticable, ueposit saiu
amounts to a fiuuciaiy account in the neaiest goveinment uepositoiy bank of
the. Regional Tiial Couit of the locality.
The cleik of saiu couit shall theieaftei aiiange foi the iemittance of
the ueposit to the account of the couit that issueu the wiit whose cleik of couit
shall then uelivei saiu payment to the juugment obligee in satisfaction of the
juugment. The excess, if any, shall be ueliveieu to the juugment obligoi while
the lawful fees shall be ietaineu by the cleik of couit foi uisposition as
pioviueu by law. In no case shall the executing sheiiff uemanu that any
payment by check be maue payable to him.
(b) >0#",(01#"'. 4; $%7;=If the juugment obligoi cannot pay all
oi pait of the obligation in cash, ceitifieu bank check oi othei moue of
payment acceptable to the juugment obligee, the officei shall levy upon the
piopeities of the juugment obligoi of eveiy kinu anu natuie whatsoevei which
may be uisposeu of foi value anu not otheiwise exempt fiom execution giving
the lattei the option to immeuiately choose which piopeity oi pait theieof
may be levieu upon, sufficient to satisfy the juugment. If the juugment obligoi
6S
uoes not exeicise the option, the officei shall fiist levy on the peisonal
piopeities, if any, anu then on the ieal piopeities if the peisonal piopeities aie
insufficient to answei foi the juugment.
The sheiiff shall sell only a sufficient poition of the peisonal oi ieal
piopeity of the juugment obligoi which has been levieu upon.
When theie is moie piopeity of the juugment obligoi than is
sufficient to satisfy the juugment anu lawful fees, he must sell only so much of
the peisonal oi ieal piopeity as is sufficient to satisfy the juugment anu lawful
fees.
Real piopeity, stocks, shaies, uebts, cieuits, anu othei peisonal
piopeity, oi any inteiest in eithei ieal oi peisonal piopeity, may be levieu
upon in like mannei anu with like effect as unuei a wiit of attachment.
(c) M02.",)9%.# '( 8%4#, 0.8 12%8"#,=The officei may levy on
uebts uue the juugment obligoi anu othei cieuits, incluuing bank ueposits,
financial inteiests, ioyalties, commissions anu othei peisonal piopeity not
capable of manual ueliveiy in the possession oi contiol of thiiu paities. Levy
shall be maue by seiving notice upon the peison owing such uebts oi having in
his possession oi contiol such cieuits to which the juugment obligoi is
entitleu. The gainishment shall covei only such amount as will satisfy the
juugment anu all lawful fees.
The gainishee shall make a wiitten iepoit to the couit within five (S)
uays fiom seivice of the notice of gainishment stating whethei oi n6t the
juugment obligoi has sufficient funus oi cieuits to satisfy the amount of the
juugment. If not, the iepoit shall state how much funus oi cieuits the
gainishee holus foi the juugment obligoi. The gainisheu amount in cash, oi
ceitifieu bank check issueu in the name of the juugment obligee, shall be
ueliveieu uiiectly to the juugment obligee within ten (1u) woiking uays fiom
seivice of notice on saiu gainishee iequiiing such ueliveiy, except the lawful
fees which shall be paiu uiiectly to the couit.
In the event theie aie two oi moie gainishees holuing ueposits oi
cieuits sufficient to satisfy the juugment, the juugment obligoi, if available,
shall have the iight to inuicate the gainishee oi gainishees who shall be
iequiieu to uelivei the amount uue; otheiwise, the choice shall be maue by the
juugment obligee.
The executing sheiiff shall obseive the same pioceuuie unuei
paiagiaph (a) with iespect to ueliveiy of payment to the juugment obligee.
66
(8a, 1Sa)
SEC. 1u. JL%1+#"'. '( B+869%.#, ('2 ,3%1"("1 01#.
(a) 5'.7%;0.1%< 8%$"7%2; '( 8%%8,< '2 '#)%2 ,3%1"("1 01#,? 7%,#".6
#"#$%= If a juugment uiiects a paity to execute a conveyance of lanu oi
peisonal piopeity, oi to uelivei ueeus oi othei uocuments, oi to peifoim any
othei specific act in connection theiewith, anu the paity fails to comply within
the time specifieu, the couit may uiiect the act to be uone at the cost of the
uisobeuient paity by some othei peison appointeu by the couit anu the act
when so uone shall have like effect as if uone by the paity. If ieal oi peisonal
piopeity is situateu within the Philippines, the couit in lieu of uiiecting a
conveyance theieof may by an oiuei uivest the title of any paity anu vest it in
otheis, which shall have the foice anu effect of a conveyance executeu in uue
foim of law. (1ua)
(b) >0$% '( 2%0$ '2 3%2,'.0$ 32'3%2#;=If the juugment be foi the
sale of ieal oi peisonal piopeity, to sell such piopeity, uesciibing it, anu apply
the pioceeus in confoimity with the juugment. (8|cja)
(c) K%$"7%2; '2 2%,#"#+#"'. '( 2%0$ 32'3%2#;=The officei shall
uemanu of the peison against whom the juugment foi the ueliveiy oi
iestitution of ieal piopeity is ienueieu anu all peisons claiming iights unuei
him to peaceably vacate the piopeity within thiee (S) woiking uays, anu
iestoie possession theieof to the juugment obligee; otheiwise, the officei shall
oust all such peisons theiefiom with the assistance, if necessaiy, of
appiopiiate peace officeis, anu employing such means as may be ieasonably
necessaiy to ietake possession, anu place the juugment obligee in possession
of such piopeity. Any costs, uamages, ients oi piofits awaiueu by the
juugment shall be satisfieu in the same mannei as a juugment foi money. (1Sa)
(u) *%9'70$ '( "932'7%9%.#, '. 32'3%2#; ,+4B%1# '( %L%1+#"'.=
When the piopeity subject of the execution contains impiovements
constiucteu oi planteu by the juugment obligoi oi his agent, the officei shall
not uestioy, uemolish oi iemove saiu impiovements except upon special oiuei
of the couit, issueu upon motion of the juugment obligee aftei uue heaiing anu
aftei the foimei has faileu to iemove the same within a ieasonable time fixeu
by the couit. (14a)
(e) K%$"7%2; '( 3%2,'.0$ 32'3%2#;=In juugments foi the ueliveiy
of peisonal piopeity, the officei shall take possession of the same anu
foithwith uelivei it to the paity entitleu theieto anu satisfy any juugment foi
67
money as theiein pioviueu. (8a)
SEC. 11. JL%1+#"'. '( ,3%1"0$ B+869%.#,=RWhen a juugment iequiies the
peifoimance of any act othei than those mentioneu in the two pieceuing sections, a
ceitifieu copy of the juugment shall be attacheu to the wiit of execution anu shall be
seiveu by the officei upon the paity against whom the same is ienueieu, oi upon
any othei peison iequiieu theieby, oi by law, to obey the same, anu such paity oi
peison may be punisheu foi contempt if he uisobeys such juugment. (9a)
SEC. 12. J((%1# '( $%7; '. %L%1+#"'. 0, #' #)"28 3%2,'.,=RThe levy on execution
shall cieate a lien in favoi of the juugment obligee ovei the iight, title anu inteiest of
the juugment obligoi in such piopeity at the time of the levy, subject to liens anu
encumbiances then existing. (16a)
SEC. 1S. D2'3%2#; %L%93# (2'9 %L%1+#"'.=RExcept as otheiwise expiessly
pioviueu by law, the following piopeity, anu no othei, shall be exempt fiom
execution:
(a) The juugment obligoi's family home as pioviueu by law, oi
the homesteau in which he iesiues, anu lanu necessaiily useu in connection
theiewith;
(b) 0iuinaiy tools anu implements peisonally useu by him in
his tiaue, employment, oi livelihoou;
(c) Thiee hoises, oi thiee cows, oi thiee caiabaos, oi othei
beasts of buiuen, such as the juugment obligoi may select necessaiily useu by
him in his oiuinaiy occupation;
(u) Bis necessaiy clothing anu aiticles foi oiuinaiy peisonal
use, excluuing jeweliy;
(e) Bouseholu fuinituie anu utensils necessaiy foi house-
keeping, anu useu foi that puipose by the juugment obligoi anu his family,
such as the juugment obligoi may select, of a value not exceeuing one hunuieu
thousanu pesos;
(f) Piovisions foi inuiviuual oi family use sufficient foi foui
months;
(g) The piofessional libiaiies anu equipment of juuges, lawyeis,
physicians, phaimacists, uentists, engineeis, suiveyois, cleigymen, teacheis,
anu othei piofessionals, not exceeuing thiee hunuieu thousanu pesos in value;
(h) 0ne fishing boat anu accessoiies not exceeuing the total
68
value of one hunuieu thousanu pesos owneu by a fisheiman anu by the lawful
use of which he eains his livelihoou;
(i) So much of the salaiies, wages, oi eainings of the juugment
obligoi foi his peisonal seivices within the foui months pieceuing the levy as
aie necessaiy foi the suppoit of his family;
(j) Letteieu giavestones;
(k) Nonies, benefits, piivileges, oi annuities acciuing oi in any
mannei giowing out of any life insuiance;
(1) The iight to ieceive legal suppoit, oi money oi piopeity
obtaineu as such suppoit, oi any pension oi giatuity fiom the uoveinment;
(m) Piopeities specially exempteu by law.
But no aiticle oi species of piopeity mentioneu in this section shall be exempt
fiom execution issueu upon a juugment iecoveieu foi its piice oi upon a juugment
of foieclosuie of a moitgage theieon. (12a)
SEC. 14. *%#+2. '( /2"# '( %L%1+#"'.=RThe wiit of execution shall be ietuinable
to the couit issuing it immeuiately aftei the. juugment has been satisfieu in pait oi
in full. If the juugment cannot be satisfieu in full within thiity (Su) uays aftei his
ieceipt of the wiit, the officei shall iepoit to the couit anu state the ieason theiefoi.
Such wiit shall continue in effect uuiing the peiiou within which the juugment may
be enfoiceu by motion. The officei shall make a iepoit to the couit eveiy thiity (Su)
uays on the pioceeuings taken theieon until the juugment is satisfieu in full, oi its
effectivity expiies. The ietuins oi peiiouic iepoits shall set foith the whole of the
pioceeuings taken, anu shall be fileu with the couit anu copies theieof piomptly
fuinisheu the paities. (11a)
SEC. 1S. E'#"1% '( ,0$% '( 32'3%2#; '. execution.Befoie the sale of piopeity on
execution, notice theieof must be given as follows:
(a) In case of peiishable piopeity, by posting wiitten notice of
the time anu place of the sale in thiee (S) public places, piefeiably in
conspicuous aieas of the municipal oi city hall, post office anu public maiket in
the municipality oi city wheie the sale is to take place, foi such time as may be
ieasonable, consiueiing the chaiactei anu conuition of the piopeity;
(b) In case of othei peisonal piopeity, by posting a similai
notice in the thiee (S) public places abovementioneu foi not less than five (S)
uays;
69
(c) In case of ieal piopeity, by posting foi twenty (2u)
uays in the thiee (S) public places abovementioneu a similai notice
paiticulaily uesciibing the piopeity anu stating wheie the piopeity is to be
solu, anu if the assesseu value of the piopeity exceeus fifty thousanu
(PSu,uuu.uu) pesos, by publishing a copy of the notice once a week foi two (2)
consecutive weeks in one newspapei selecteu by iaffle, whethei in English,
Filipino, oi any majoi iegional language publisheu, euiteu anu ciiculateu oi, in
the absence theieof, having geneial ciiculation in the piovince oi city;
(u) In all cases, wiitten notice of the sale shall be given to the
juugment obligoi, at least thiee (S) uays befoie the sale, except as pioviueu in
paiagiaph (a) heieof wheie notice shall be given at any time befoie the sale, in
the same mannei as peisonal seivice of pleauings anu othei papeis as
pioviueu by section 6 of Rule 1S.
The notice shall specify the place, uate anu exact time of the sale
which shoulu not be eailiei than nine o'clock in the moining anu not latei than
two o'clock in the afteinoon. The place of the sale may be agieeu upon by the
paities. In the absence of such agieement, the sale of ieal piopeity oi peisonal
piopeity not capable of manual ueliveiy shall be helu in the office of the cleik
of couit of the Regional Tiial Couit oi the Nunicipal Tiial Couit which issueu
the wiit oi which was uesignateu by the appellate couit. In the case of
peisonal piopeity capable of manual ueliveiy, the sale shall be helu in the
place wheie the piopeity is locateu. (18a)
SEC. 16. D2'1%%8".6, /)%2% 32'3%2#; 1$0"9%8 4; #)"28 3%2,'.=RIf the piopeity
levieu on is claimeu by any peison othei than the juugment obligoi oi his agent, anu
such peison makes an affiuavit of his title theieto oi iight to the possession theieof,
stating the giounus of such iight oi title, anu seives the same upon the officei
making the levy anu a copy theieof upon the juugment obligee, the officei shall not
be bounu to keep the piopeity, unless such juugment obligee, on uemanu of the
officei, files a bonu appioveu by the couit to inuemnify the thiiu-paity claimant in a
sum not less than the value of the piopeity levieu on. In case of uisagieement as to
such value, the same shall be ueteimineu by the couit issuing the wiit of execution.
No claim foi uamages foi the taking oi keeping of the piopeity may be enfoiceu
against the bonu unless the action theiefoi is fileu within one hunuieu twenty (12u)
uays fiom the uate of the filing of the bonu.
The officei shall not be liable foi uamages foi the taking oi keeping of the
piopeity, to any thiiu-paity claimant if such bonu is fileu. Nothing heiein containeu
shall pievent such claimant oi any thiiu peison fiom vinuicating his claim to the
7u
piopeity in a sepaiate action, oi pievent the juugment obligee fiom claiming
uamages in the same oi a sepaiate action against a thiiu-paity claimant who fileu a
fiivolous oi plainly spuiious claim.
When the wiit of execution is issueu in favoi of the Republic of the Philippines,
oi any officei uuly iepiesenting it, the filing of such bonu shall not be iequiieu, anu
in case the sheiiff oi levying officei is sueu foi uamages as a iesult of the levy, he
shall be iepiesenteu by the Solicitoi ueneial anu if helu liable theiefoi, the actual
uamages aujuugeu by the couit shall be paiu by the National Tieasuiei out of such
funus as may be appiopiiateu foi the puipose. (17a)
SEC. 17. D%.0$#; ('2 ,%$$".6 /"#)'+# .'#"1%< '2 2%9'7".6 '2 8%(01".6 .'#"1%=RAn
officei selling without the notice piesciibeu by section 1S of this Rule shall be liable
to pay punitive uamages in the amount of five thousanu (PS,uuu.uu) pesos to any
peison injuieu theieby, in auuition to his actual uamages, both to be iecoveieu by
motion in the same action; anu a peison willfully iemoving oi uefacing the notice
posteu, if uone befoie the sale, oi befoie the satisfaction of the juugment if it be
satisfieu befoie the sale, shall be liable to pay five thousanu (PS,uuu.uu) pesos to
any peison injuieu by ieason theieof, in auuition to his actual uamages, to be
iecoveieu by motion in the same action. (19a)
SEC. 18. E' ,0$% "( B+869%.# 0.8 1',#, 30"8=RAt any time befoie the sale of
piopeity on execution, the juugment obligoi may pievent the sale by paying the
amount iequiieu by the execution anu the costs that have been incuiieu theiein.
(2ua)
SEC. 19. S'/ 32'3%2#; ,'$8 '. %L%1+#"'.? /)' 90; 8"2%1# 90..%2 0.8 '28%2 '(
,0$%=RAll sales of piopeity unuei execution must be maue at public auction, to the
highest biuuei, to stait at the exact time fixeu in the notice. Aftei sufficient piopeity
has been solu to satisfy the execution, no moie shall be solu anu any excess piopeity
oi pioceeus of the sale shall be piomptly ueliveieu to the juugment obligoi oi his
authoiizeu iepiesentative, unless otheiwise uiiecteu by the juugment oi oiuei of
the couit. When the sale is of ieal piopeity, consisting of seveial known lots, they
must be solu sepaiately; oi, when a poition of such ieal piopeity is claimeu by a
thiiu peison, he may iequiie it to be solu sepaiately. When the sale is of peisonal
piopeity capable of manual ueliveiy, it must be solu within view of those attenuing
the same anu in such paicels as aie likely to biing the highest piice. The juugment
obligoi, if piesent at the sale, may uiiect the oiuei in which piopeity, ieal oi
peisonal, shall be solu, when such piopeity consists of seveial known lots oi paicels
which can be solu to auvantage sepaiately. Neithei the officei conuucting the
execution sale, noi his ueputies, can become a puichasei, noi be inteiesteu uiiectly
71
oi inuiiectly in any puichase at such sale. (21a)
SEC. 2u. *%(+,0$ '( 3+21)0,%2 #' 30;=RIf a puichasei iefuses to pay the amount
biu by him foi piopeity stiuck off to him at a sale unuei execution, the officei may
again sell the piopeity to the highest biuuei anu shall not be iesponsible foi any loss
occasioneu theieby; but the couit may oiuei the iefusing puichasei to pay into the
couit the amount of such loss, with costs, anu may punish him foi contempt if he
uisobeys the oiuei. The amount of such payment shall be: foi the benefit of the
peison entitleu to the pioceeus of the execution, unless the execution has been fully
satisfieu, in which event such pioceeus shall be foi the benefit of the juugment
obligoi. The officei may theieaftei ieject any subsequent biu of such puichasei who
iefuses to pay. (22a)
SEC. 21. @+869%.# '4$"6%% 0, 3+21)0,%2=RWhen the puichasei is the juugment
obligee, anu no thiiu-paity claim has been fileu, he neeu not pay the amount of the
biu if it uoes not exceeu the amount of his juugment. If it uoes, he shall pay only the
excess. (2Sa)
SEC. 22. H8B'+2.9%.# '( ,0$%=RBy wiitten consent of the juugment obligoi anu
obligee, oi theii uuly authoiizeu iepiesenta-tives, the officei may aujouin the sale to
any uate anu time agieeu upon by them. Without such agieement, he may aujouin
the sale fiom uay to uay if it becomes necessaiy to uo so foi lack of time to complete
the sale on the uay fixeu in the notice oi the uay to which it was aujouineu. (24a)
SEC. 2S. 5'.7%;0.1% #' 3+21)0,%2 '( 3%2,'.0$ 32'3%2#; 10304$% '( 90.+0$
8%$"7%2;=RWhen the puichasei of any peisonal piopeity, capable of manual
ueliveiy, pays the puichase piice, the officei making the sale must uelivei the
piopeity to the puichasei anu, if uesiieu, execute anu uelivei to him a ceitificate of
sale. The sale conveys to the puichasei all the iights which the juugment obligoi hau
in such piopeity as of the uate of the levy on execution oi pieliminaiy attachment.
(2Sa)
SEC. 24. 5'.7%;0.1% #' 3+21)0,%2 '( 3%2,'.0$ 32'3%2#; .'# 10304$% '( 90.+0$
8%$"7%2;=RWhen the puichasei of any peisonal piopeity, not capable of manual
ueliveiy, pays the puichase piice, the officei making the sale must execute anu
uelivei to the puichasei a ceitificate of sale. Such ceitificate conveys to the
puichasei all the iights which the juugment obligoi hau in such piopeity as of the
uate of the levy on execution oi pieliminaiy attachment. (26a)
SEC. 2S. 5'.7%;0.1% '( 2%0$ 32'3%2#;? 1%2#"("10#% #)%2%'( 6"7%. #' 3+21)0,%2 0.8
("$%8 /"#) 2%6",#2; '( 8%%8,.0pon a sale of ieal piopeity, the officei must give to the
puichasei a ceitificate of sale containing:
72
(a) A paiticulai uesciiption of the ieal piopeity solu;
(b) The piice paiu foi each uistinct lot oi paicel;
(c) The whole piice paiu by him;
(u) A statement that the iight of ieuemption expiies one (1)
yeai fiom the uate of the iegistiation of the ceitificate of sale.
Such ceitificate must be iegisteieu in the iegistiy of ueeus of the
place wheie the piopeity is situateu. (27a)
SEC. 26. 5%2#"("10#% '( ,0$% /)%2% 32'3%2#; 1$0"9%8 4; #)"28 3%2,'.=RC)%. a
piopeity solu by viitue of a wiit of execution has been claimeu by a thiiu peison, the
ceitificate of sale to be issueu by the sheiiff puisuant to sections 2S, 24 anu 2S of
this Rule shall make expiess mention of the existence of such thiiu-paity claim.
(28a)
SEC. 27. C)' 90; 2%8%%9 2%0$ 32'3%2#; ,' ,'$8=RReal piopeity solu as
pioviueu in the last pieceuing section, oi any pait theieof solu sepaiately, may be
ieueemeu in the mannei heieinaftei pioviueu, by the following peisons:
(a) The juugment obligoi, oi his successoi in inteiest in the
whole oi any pait of the piopeity;
(b) A cieuitoi having a lien by viitue of an attachment,
juugment oi moitgage on the piopeity solu, oi on some pait theieof,
subsequent to the lien unuei which the piopeity was solu. Such ieueeming
cieuitoi is teimeu a ieuemptionei. (29a)
SEC. 28. !"9% 0.8 90..%2 '( 0.8 09'+.#, 30;04$% '.< ,+11%,,"7% 2%8%93#"'.,?
.'#"1% #' 4% 6"7%. 0.8 ("$%8=RThe juugment obligoi, oi ieuemptionei, may ieueem
the piopeity fiom the puichasei, at any time within one (1) yeai fiom the uate of
the iegistiation of the ceitificate of sale, by paying the puichasei the amount of his
puichase, with one 3%2 1%.#+9 pei month inteiest theieon in auuition, up to the
time of ieuemption, togethei with the amount of any assessments oi taxes which
the puichasei may have paiu theieon aftei puichase, anu inteiest on such last
nameu amount at the same iate; anu if the puichasei be also a cieuitoi having a
piioi lien that of the ieuemptionei, othei than the juugment unuei which such
puichase was maue, the amount of such' othei lien, with inteiest.
Piopeity so ieueemeu may again be ieueemeu within sixty (6u) uays aftei the
last ieuemption upon payment of the sum paiu on the last ieuemption, with two 3%2
1%.#+9 theieon in auuition, anu the amount of any assessments oi taxes which the
7S
last ieuemptionei may have paiu theieon aftei ieuemption by him, with inteiest on
such last-nameu amount, anu in auuition, the amount of any liens helu by saiu last
ieuemptionei piioi to his own, with inteiest. The piopeity may be again, anu as
often as a ieuemptionei is so uisposeu, ieueemeu fiom any pievious ieuemptionei
within sixty (6u) uays aftei the last ieuemption, on paying the sum paiu on the last
pievious ieuemption, with two 3%2 1%.#+9 theieon in auuition, anu the amounts of
any assessments oi taxes which the last pievious ieuemptionei paiu aftei the
ieuemption theieon, with inteiest theieon, anu the amount of any liens' helu by the
last ieuemptionei piioi to his own, with inteiest.
Wiitten notice of any ieuemption must be given to the officei who maue the
sale anu a uuplicate fileu with the iegistiy of ueeus of the place, anu if any
assessments oi taxes aie paiu by the ieuemptionei oi if he has oi acquiies any lien
othei than that upon which the ieuemption was maue, notice theieof must in like
mannei be given to the officei anu fileu with the iegistiy of ueeus; if such notice be
not fileu, the piopeity may be ieueemeu without paying such assessments, taxes, oi
liens. (Sua)
SEC. 29. J((%1# '( 2%8%93#"'. 4; B+869%.# '4$"6'2< 0.8 0 1%2#"("10#% #' 4%
8%$"7%2%8 0.8 2%1'28%8 #)%2%+3'.? #' /)'9 30;9%.#, '. 2%8%93#"'. 908%.If the
juugment obligoi ieueems, he must make the same payments as aie iequiieu to
effect a ieuemption by a ieuemptionei, wheieupon, no fuithei ieuemption shall, be
alloweu anu he is iestoieu to his estate. The peison to whom the ieuemption
payment is maue must execute anu uelivei to him a ceitificate of ieuemption
acknowleugeu befoie a notaiy public oi othei officei authoiizeu to take
acknowleugments of conveyances of ieal piopeity. Such ceitificate must be fileu anu
iecoiueu in the iegistiy of ueeus of the place in which the piopeity is situateu, anu
the iegistiai of ueeus must note the iecoiu theieof on the maigin of the iecoiu of
the ceitificate of sale. The payments mentioneu in this anu the last pieceuing
sections may be maue to the puichasei oi ieuemptionei, oi foi him to the officei
who maue the sale (1Sa)
SEC. Su. D2''( 2%V+"2%8 '( 2%8%93#"'.%2=RA ieuemptionei must piouuce to the
officei, oi peison fiom whom he seeks to ieueem, anu seive with his notice to the
officei a copy of the juugment oi final oiuei unuei which he claims the iight to
ieueem, ceitifieu by the cleik of the couit wheiein the juugment oi final oiuei is
enteieu; oi, if he ieueems upon a moitgage oi othei lien, a memoianuum of the
iecoiu theieof, ceitifieu by the iegistiai of ueeus; oi an oiiginal oi ceitifieu copy of
any assignment necessaiy to establish his claim; anu an affiuavit executeu by him oi
his agent, showing the amount then actually uue on the lien. (S2a)
74
SEC. S1. A0..%2 '( +,".6 32%9",%, 3%.8".6 2%8%93#"'.? /0,#% 2%,#20".%8=R0ntil
the expiiation of the time alloweu foi ieuemption, the couit may, as in othei piopei
cases, iestiain the commission of waste on the piopeity by injunction, on the
application of the puichasei oi the juugment obligee, with oi without notice; but it
is not waste foi a peison in possession of the piopeity at the time of the sale, oi
entitleu to possession afteiwaius, uuiing the peiiou alloweu foi ieuemption, to
continue to use it in the same mannei in which it was pieviously useu; oi to use it in
the oiuinaiy couise of husbanuiy; oi to make the necessaiy iepaiis to builuings
theieon while he occupies the piopeity. (SSa)
SEC. S2. *%.#,< %02.".6, 0.8 ".1'9% '( 32'3%2#; 3%.8".6 2%8%93#"'.=RThe
puichasei oi a ieuemptionei shall not be entitleu to ieceive the ients, eainings anu
income of the piopeity solu on execution, oi the value of the use anu occupation
theieof when such piopeity is in the possession of a tenant. All ients, eainings anu
income ueiiveu fiom the piopeity penuing ieuemption shall belong to the juugment
obligoi until the expiiation of his peiiou of ieuemption. (S4a)
SEC. SS. K%%8 0.8 3',,%,,"'. #' 4% 6"7%. 0# %L3"20#"'. '( 2%8%93#"'. 3%2"'8? 4;
/)'9 %L%1+#%8 '2 6"7%.=RIf no ieuemption be maue within one (1) yeai fiom the
uate of the iegistiation of the ceitificate of sale, the puichasei is entitleu to a
conveyance anu possession of the piopeity; oi, if so ieueemeu whenevei sixty (6u)
uays have elapseu anu no othei ieuemption has been maue, anu notice theieof
given, anu the time foi ieuemption has expiieu, the last ieuemptionei is entitleu to
the conveyance anu possession; but in all cases the juugment obligoi shall have the
entiie peiiou of one (1) yeai fiom the uate of the iegistiation of the sale to ieueem
the piopeity. The ueeu shall be executeu by the officei making the sale oi by his
successoi in office, anu in the lattei case shall have the same valiuity as though the
officei making the sale hau continueu in office anu executeu it.
0nuei the expiiation of the iight of ieuemption, the puichasei oi
ieuemptionei shall be substituteu to anu acquiie all the iights, title, inteiest anu
claim of the juugment obligoi to the piopeity as of the time of the levy. The
possession of the piopeity shall be given to the puichasei oi last ieuemptionei by
the same officei unless a thiiu paity is actually holuing the piopeity auveisely to the
juugment obligoi. (SSa)
SEC. S4. *%1'7%2; '( 32"1% "( ,0$% .'# %((%1#"7%? 2%7"70$ '( B+869%.#=RIf the
puichasei of ieal piopeity solu on execution, oi his successoi in inteiest, fails to
iecovei the possession theieof, oi is evicteu theiefiom, in consequence of
iiiegulaiities in the pioceeuings conceining the sale, oi because the juugment has
been ieseiveu oi set asiue, oi because the piopeity solu was exempt fiom
7S
execution, oi because a thiiu peison has vinuicateu his claim, to the piopeity, he
may on motion in the same action oi in a sepaiate action iecovei fiom the juugment
obligee the piice paiu, with inteiest, oi so much theieof as has not been ueliveieu to
the juugment obligoi; oi he may, on motion, have the oiiginal juugment ieviveu in
his name foi the whole piice with inteiest, oi so much theieof as has been ueliveieu
to the juugment obligoi. The juugment so ieviveu shall have the same foice anu
effect as an oiiginal juugment woulu have as of the uate of the ievival anu no moie.
(S6a)
SEC. SS. *"6)# #' 1'.#2"4+#"'. '2 2%"94+2,%9%.#=RWhen piopeity liable to an
execution against seveial peisons is solu theieon, anu moie than a uue piopoition
of the juugment is satisfieu out of the pioceeus of the sale of the piopeity of one of
them, oi one of them pays, without a sale, moie than his piopoition, he may compel
a contiibution fiom the otheis; anu when a juugment is upon an obligation of one of
them, as secuiity foi anothei, anu the suiety pays the amount, oi any pait theieof,
eithei by sale of his piopeity oi befoie sale, he may compel iepayment fiom the
piincipal. (S7a)
SEC. S6. JL09".0#"'. '( B+869%.# '4$"6'2 /)%. B+869%.# +.,0#",("%8=RWhen
the ietuin of a wiit of execution issueu against piopeity of a juugment obligoi, oi
any one of seveial obligois in the same juugment, shows that the juugment iemains
unsatisfieu, in whole oi in pait, the juugment obligee, at any time aftei such ietuin is
maue, shall be entitleu to an oiuei fiom the couit which ienueieu the saiu
juugment, iequiiing such juugment obligoi to appeai anu be examineu conceining
his piopeity anu income befoie such couit oi befoie a commissionei appointeu by
it, at a specifieu time anu place; anu pioceeuings may theieupon be hau foi the
application of the piopeity anu income of the juugment obligoi towaius the
satisfactions of the juugment. But no juugment obligoi shall be so iequiieu to
appeai befoie a couit oi commissionei outsiue the piovince oi city in which such
obligoi iesiues oi is founu. (S8a)
SEC. S7. JL09".0#"'. '( '4$"6'2 '( B+869%.# '4$"6'2=R When the ietuin of a
wiit of execution against the piopeity of a juugment obligoi shows that the
juugment iemains unsatisfieu, in whole oi in pait, anu upon pioof to the satisfaction
of the couit which issueu the wiit, that a peison, coipoiation, oi othei juiiuical
entity has piopeity of such juugment obligoi oi is inuebteu to him, the couit may, by
an oiuei, iequiie such peison, coipoiation, oi othei juiiuical entity, oi any officei oi
membei theieof, to appeai befoie the couit oi a commissionei appointeu by it, at a
time anu place within the piovince oi city wheie such uebtoi iesiues oi is founu,
anu be examineu conceining the same. The seivice of the oiuei shall binu all cieuits
uue the juugment obligoi anu all money anu piopeity of the juugment obligoi in the
76
possession oi in the contiol of such peison, coipoiation, oi juiiuical entity fiom the
time of seivice; anu the couit may also iequiie notice of such pioceeuings to be
given to any paity to the action in such mannei as it may ueem piopei. (S9a)
SEC. S8. J.('21%9%.# '( 0##%.80.1% 0.8 1'.8+1# '( %L09".0#"'.=RA paity oi
othei peison may be compelleu, by an oiuei oi subpoena, to attenu befoie the couit
oi commissionei to testify as pioviueu in the two pieceuing sections, anu upon
failuie to obey such oiuei oi subpoena oi to be swoin, oi to answei as a witness oi
to subsciibe his ueposition, may be punisheu foi contempt as in othei cases.
Examinations shall not be unuuly piolongeu, but the pioceeuings may be aujouineu
fiom time to time, until they aie completeu. If the examination is befoie a
commissionei, he must take it in wiiting anu ceitify it to the couit. All examinations
anu answeis befoie a couit oi commissionei must be unuei oath, anu when a
coipoiation oi othei juiiuical entity answeis, it must be on the oath of an authoiizeu
officei oi agent theieof. (4ua)
SEC. S9. :4$"6'2 90; 30; %L%1+#"'. 060".,# '4$"6%%=RAftei a wiit of execution
against piopeity has been issueu, a peison inuebteu to the juugment obligoi may
pay to the sheiiff holuing the wiit of execution the amount of his uebt oi so much
theieof as may be necessaiy to satisfy the juugment, in the mannei piesciibeu in
section 9 of this Rule anu the sheiiffs ieceipt shall be a sufficient uischaige foi the
amount so paiu oi uiiecteu to be cieuiteu by the juugment obligee on the execution.
(41a)
SEC. 4u. :28%2 ('2 033$"10#"'. '( 32'3%2#; 0.8 ".1'9% #' ,0#",(01#"'. '(
B+869%.#=RThe couit may oiuei any piopeity of the juugment obligoi, oi money
uue him, not exempt fiom execution, in the hanus of eithei himself oi anothei
peison, oi of a coipoiation oi othei juiiuical entity, to be applieu to the satisfaction
of the juugment, subject to any piioi iights ovei such piopeity.
If, upon investigation of his cuiient income anu expenses, it appeais that the
eainings of the juugment obligoi foi his peisonal seivices aie moie than necessaiy
foi the suppoit of his family, the couit may oiuei that he pay the juugment in fixeu
monthly installments, anu upon his failuie to pay any such installment when uue
without goou excuse, may punish him foi inuiiect contempt. (42a)
SEC. 41. H33'".#9%.# '( 2%1%"7%2=FThe couit may appoint a ieceivei of the
piopeity of the juugment obligoi; anu it may also foibiu a tiansfei oi othei
uisposition of, oi any inteifeience with, the piopeity of the juugment obligoi not
exempt fiom execution. (4Sa)
SEC. 42. >0$% '( 0,1%2#0".04$% ".#%2%,# '( B+869%.# '4$"6'2 ". 2%0$ %,#0#%=RIf it
77
appeais that the juugment obligoi has an inteiest in ieal estate in the place in which
pioceeuings aie hau, as moitgagoi oi moitgagee oi otheiwise, anu his inteiest
theiein can be asceitaineu without contioveisy, the ieceivei may be oiueieu to sell
anu convey such ieal estate oi the inteiest of the obligoi theiein; anu such sale shall
be conuucteu in all iespects in the same mannei as is pioviueu foi the sale of ieal
estate upon execution, anu the pioceeuings theieon shall be appioveu by the couit
befoie the execution of the ueeu. (44a)
SEC. 4S. D2'1%%8".6, /)%. ".8%4#%8.%,, 8%."%8 '2 0.'#)%2 3%2,'. 1$0"9, #)%
32'3%2#;=RIf it appeais that a peison oi coipoia-tion, allegeu to have piopeity of
the juugment obligoi oi to be inuebteu to him, claims an inteiest in the piopeity
auveise to him oi uenies the uebt, the couit may authoiize, by an oiuei maue to that
effect, the juugment obligee to institute an action against such peison oi coipoiation
foi the iecoveiy of such inteiest oi uebt, foibiu a tiansfei oi othei uisposition of
such inteiest oi uebt within one hunuieu twenty (12u) uays fiom notice of the
oiuei, anu may punish uisobeuience of such oiuei as foi contempt. Such oiuei may
be mouifieu oi vacateu at any time by the couit, which issueu it, oi by the couit in
which the action is biought, upon such teims as may be just. (4Sa)
SEC. 44. J.#2; '( ,0#",(01#"'. '( B+869%.# 4; 1$%2I '( couit.Satisfaction of a
juugment shall be enteieu by the cleik of couit in the couit uocket, anu in the
execution book, upon the ietuin of a wiit of execution showing the full satisfaction
of the juugment, oi upon the filing of an aumission to the satisfaction of the
juugment executeu anu acknowleugeu in the same mannei as a conveyance of ieal
piopeity by the juugment obligee oi by his counsel unless a ievocation of his
authoiity is fileu, oi upon the enuoisement of such aumission by the juugment
obligee oi his counsel on the face of the iecoiu of the juugment. (46a)
SEC. 4S. J.#2; '( ,0#",(01#"'. /"#) '2 /"#)'+# 089",,"'.=RWhenevei a
juugment is satisfieu in fact, oi otheiwise than upon an execution, on uemanu of the
juugment obligoi, the juugment obligee oi his counsel must execute anu
acknowleuge, oi inuoise, an aumission of the satisfaction as pioviueu in the last
pieceuing section, anu aftei notice anu upon motion the couit may oiuei eithei the
juugment obligee oi his counsel to uo so, oi may oiuei the entiy of satisfaction to be
maue without such aumission. (47a)
SEC. 46. C)%. 32".1"30$ 4'+.8 4; B+869%.# 060".,# ,+2%#;=RWhen a juugment
is ienueieu against a paity who stanus as suiety foi anothei, the lattei is also bounu
fiom the time that he has notice of the action oi pioceeuing, anu an oppoitunity at
the suiety's iequest to join in the uefense. (48a)
SEC. 47= J((%1# '( B+869%.#, '2 (".0$ '28%2, =RThe effect of a juugment oi final
78
oiuei ienueieu by a couit of the Philippines, having juiisuiction to pionounce the
juugment oi final oiuei, may be as follows:
(a) In case of a juugment oi final oiuei against a specific thing,
oi in iespect to the piobate of a will, oi the auministiation of the estate of a
ueceaseu peison, oi in iespect to the peisonal, political, oi legal conuition oi
status of a paiticulai peison oi his ielationship to anothei, the juugment oi
final oiuei is conclusive upon the title to the thing, the will oi auministiation,
oi the conuition, status oi ielationship of the peison; howevei, the piobate of a
will oi gianting of letteis of auministiation shall only be piima facie eviuence
of the ueath of the testatoi oi intestate;
(b) In othei cases, the juugment oi final oiuei is, with iespect to
the mattei uiiectly aujuugeu oi as to any othei mattei that coulu have been
iaiseu in ielation theieto, conclusive between the paities anu theii successois
in inteiest by title subsequent to the commencement of the action oi special
pioceeuing, litigating foi the same thing anu unuei the same title anu in the
same capacity; anu
(c) In any othei litigation between the same paities of theii
successois in inteiest, that only is ueemeu to have been aujuugeu in a foimei
juugment oi final oiuei which appeais upon its face to have been so aujuugeu,
oi which was actually anu necessaiily incluueu theiein oi necessaiy theieto.
(49a)
SEC. 48. J((%1# '( ('2%"6. B+869%.#, '2 (".0$ '28%2,=RThe effect of a juugment oi
final oiuei of a tiibunal of a foieign countiy, having juiisuiction to ienuei the
juugment oi final oiuei, is as follows:
(a) In case of a juugment oi final oiuei upon a specific thing, the
juugment oi final oiuei is conclusive upon the title of the thing; anu
(b) In case of a juugment oi final oiuei against a peison, the
juugment oi final oiuei is piesumptive eviuence of a iight as between the
paities anu theii successois in inteiest by a subsequent title.
In eithei case, the juugment oi final oiuei may be iepelleu by eviuence of a
want of juiisuiction, want of notice to the paity, collusion, fiauu, oi cleai mistake of
law oi fact. (Sua)


79
)**$)#.
!"#$ 6>
)**$)# 4!+8 8"(-2-*)# /!-)# 2+"!/. /+ /@$ !$'-+()# /!-)# 2+"!/.
SECTI0N 1. C)%2% #' 033%0$=RAn appeal fiom a juugment oi final oiuei of a
Nunicipal Tiial Couit may be taken to the Regional Tiial Couit exeicising
juiisuiction ovei the aiea to which the foimei peitains. The title of the case shall
iemain as it was in the couit of oiigin, but the paity appealing the case shall be
fuithei iefeiieu to as the appellant anu the auveise paity as the appellee. (n)
SEC. 2. C)%. #' 033%0$=RAn appeal may be taken within fifteen (1S) uays aftei
notice to the appellant of the juugment oi final oiuei appealeu fiom. Wheie a iecoiu
on appeal is iequiieu, the appellant shall file a notice of appeal anu a iecoiu on
appeal within thiity (Su) uays aftei notice of the juugment oi final oiuei.
The peiiou of appeal shall be inteiiupteu by a timely motion foi new tiial oi
ieconsiueiation. No motion foi extension of time to file a motion foi new tiial oi
ieconsiueiation shall be alloweu. (n)
SEC. S. S'/ #' 033%0$RThe appeal is taken by filing a notice of appeal with the
couit that ienueieu the juugment oi final oiuei appealeu fiom. The notice of appeal
shall inuicate the paities to the appeal, the juugment oi final oiuei oi pait theieof
appealeu fiom, anu state the mateiial uates showing the timeliness of the appeal.
A iecoiu on appeal shall be iequiieu only in special pioceeuings anu in othei
cases of multiple oi sepaiate appeals.
The foim anu contents of the iecoiu on appeal shall be as pioviueu in section
6, Rule 41.
Copies of the notice of appeal, anu the iecoiu on appeal wheie iequiieu, shall
be seiveu on the auveise paity. (n)
SEC. 4. D%2(%1#"'. '( 033%0$? %((%1# #)%2%'(=RThe peifection of the appeal anu
the effect theieof shall be goveineu by the piovisions of section 9, Rule 41. (n)
SEC. S. H33%$$0#% 1'+2# 8'1I%# 0.8 '#)%2 $0/(+$ (%%,=RWithin the peiiou foi
taking an appeal, the appellant shall pay to the cleik of the couit which ienueieu the
juugment oi final oiuei appealeu fiom the full amount of the appellate couit uocket
anu othei lawful fees. Pioof of payment theieof shall be tiansmitteu to the appellate
8u
couit togethei with the oiiginal iecoiu oi the iecoiu on appeal, as the case may be.
(n)
SEC. 6. K+#; '( #)% 1$%2I '( 1'+2#=RWithin fifteen (1S) uays fiom the peifection
of the appeal, the cleik of couit oi the bianch cleik of couit of the lowei couit shall
tiansmit the oiiginal iecoiu oi the iecoiu on appeal, togethei with the tiansciipts
anu exhibits, which he shall ceitify as complete, to the piopei Regional Tiial Couit. A
copy of his lettei of tiansmittal of the iecoius to the appellate couit shall be
fuinisheu the paities. (n)
SEC. 7. D2'1%8+2% ". #)% *%6"'.0$ !2"0$ 5'+2#.
(a) 0pon ieceipt of the complete iecoiu oi the iecoiu on appeal, the
cleik of couit of the Regional Tiial Couit shall notify the paities of such fact.
(b) Within fifteen (1S) uays fiom such notice, it shall be the uuty of
the appellant to submit a memoianuum which shall biiefly uiscuss the eiiois
imputeu to the lowei couit, a copy of which shall be fuinisheu by him to the
auveise paity. Within fifteen (1S) uays fiom ieceipt of the appellant's
memoianuum, the appellee may file his memoianuum. Failuie of the appellant
to file a memoianuum shall be a giounu foi uismissal of the appeal.
(c) 0pon the filing of the memoianuum of the appellee, oi the
expiiation of the peiiou to uo so, the case shall be consiueieu submitteu foi
uecision. The Regional Tiial Couit shall ueciue the case on the basis of the
entiie iecoiu of the pioceeuings hau in the couit of oiigin anu such
memoianua as aie fileu. (n)
SEC. 8. Appeal fiom oiueis uismissing case without tiial; lack of juiisuiction.
If an appeal is taken fiom an oiuei of the lowei couit uismissing the case without a
tiial on the meiits, the Regional Tiial Couit may affiim oi ieveise it, as the case may
be. In case of affiimance anu the giounu of uismissal is lack of juiisuiction ovei the
subject mattei, the Regional Tiial Couit, if it has juiisuiction theieovei, shall tiy the
case on the meiits as if the case was oiiginally fileu with it. In case of ieveisal, the
case shall be iemanueu foi fuithei pioceeuings.
If the case was tiieu on the meiits by the lowei couit without juiisuiction ovei
the subject mattei, the Regional Tiial Couit on appeal shall not uismiss the case if it
has oiiginal juiisuiction theieof, but shall ueciue the case in accoiuance with the
pieceuing section, without piejuuice to the aumission of amenueu pleauings anu
auuitional eviuence in the inteiest of justice. (n)
SEC. 9. H33$"104"$"#; '( *+$% [^=RThe othei piovisions of Rule 41 shall apply to
81
appeals pioviueu foi heiein insofai as they aie not inconsistent with oi may seive
to supplement the piovisions of this Rule. (n)


!"#$ 6&
)**$)# 4!+8 /@$ !$'-+()# /!-)# 2+"!/.
SECTI0N 1. >+4B%1# '( 033%0$=RAn appeal may be taken fiom a juugment oi
final oiuei that completely uisposes of the case, oi of a paiticulai mattei theiein
when ueclaieu by these Rules to be appealable.
No appeal may be taken fiom:
(a) An oiuei uenying a motion foi new tiial oi ieconsiueia-tion;
(b) An oiuei uenying a petition foi ielief oi any similai motion
seeking ielief fiom juugment;
(c) An inteilocutoiy oiuei;
(u) An oiuei uisallowing oi uismissing an appeal;
(e) An oiuei uenying a motion to set asiue a juugment by
consent, confession oi compiomise on the giounu of fiauu, mistake oi uuiess,
oi any othei giounu vitiating consent.
(f) An oiuei of execution;
(g) A juugment oi final oiuei foi oi against one oi moie of
seveial paities oi in sepaiate claims, counteiclaims, cioss-claims anu thiiu-
paity complaints, while the main case is penuing, unless the couit allows an
appeal theiefiom; anu
(h) An oiuei uismissing an action without piejuuice.
In all the above instances wheie the juugment oi final oiuei is not appealable,
the aggiieveu paity may file an appiopiiate special civil action unuei Rule 6S. (n)
SEC. 2. A'8%, '( 033%0$=R
(a) :28".02; 033%0$=The appeal to the Couit of Appeals in
82
cases ueciueu by the Regional Tiial Couit in the exeicise of its oiiginal
juiisuiction shall be taken by filing a notice of appeal with the couit which
ienueieu the juugment oi final oiuei appealeu fiom anu seiving a copy
theieof upon the auveise paity. No iecoiu on appeal shall be iequiieu except
in special pioceeuings anu othei cases of multiple oi sepaiate appeals wheie
the law oi these Rules so iequiie. In such cases, the iecoiu -on appeal shall be
fileu anu seiveu in like mannei.
(b) D%#"#"'. ('2 2%7"%/=The appeal to the Couit of Appeals in
cases ueciueu by the Regional Tiial Couit in the exeicise of its appellate
juiisuiction shall be by petition foi ieview in accoiuance with Rule 42.
(c) H33%0$ 4; 1%2#"'202"=In all cases wheie only questions of
law aie iaiseu oi involveu, the appeal shall be to the Supieme Couit by petition
foi ieview on ceitioiaii in accoiuance with Rule 4S. (n)
SEC. S. D%2"'8 '( '28".02; 033%0$< 033%0$ ". )04%0, 1'23+, 10,%,=RThe appeal
shall be taken within fifteen (1S) uays fiom notice of the juugment oi final oiuei
appealeu fiom. Wheie a iecoiu on appeal is iequiieu, the appellant shall file a notice
of appeal anu a iecoiu on appeal within thiity (Su) uays fiom notice of the juugment
oi final oiuei. Bowevei, an appeal in )04%0, 1'23+, cases shall be taken within
foity-eight (48) houis fiom notice of the juugment oi final oiuei appealeu fiom.
The peiiou of appeal shall be inteiiupteu by a timely motion foi new tiial oi
ieconsiueiation. No motion foi extension of time to file a motion foi new tiial oi
ieconsiueiation shall be alloweu. (n)
SEC. 4. H33%$$0#% 1'+2# 8'1I%# 0.8 '#)%2 $0/(+$ (%%,=R Within the peiiou foi
taking an appeal, the appellant shall pay to the cleik of the couit which ienueieu the
juugment oi final oiuei appealeu fiom, the full amount of the appellate couit uocket
anu othei lawful fees. Pioof of payment of saiu fees shall be tiansmitteu to the
appellate couit togethei with the oiiginal iecoiu oi the iecoiu on appeal. (n)
SEC. S. E'#"1% '( 033%0$=RThe notice of appeal shall inuicate the paities to the
appeal, specify the juugment oi final oiuei oi pait theieof appealeu fiom, specify
the couit to which the appeal is being taken, anu state the mateiial uates showing
the timeliness of the appeal. (4a)
SEC. 6. *%1'28 '. 033%0$? ('29 0.8 1'.#%.#, #)%2%'(RThe full names of all the
paities to the pioceeuings shall be stateu in the caption of the iecoiu on appeal anu
it shall incluue the juugment oi final oiuei fiom which the appeal is taken anu, in
chionological oiuei, copies of only such pleauings, petitions, motions anu all
inteilocutoiy oiueis as aie ielateu to the appealeu juugment oi final oiuei foi the
8S
piopei unueistanuing of the issue involveu, togethei with such uata as will show
that the appeal was peifecteu on time. If an issue of fact is to be iaiseu on appeal, the
iecoiu on appeal shall incluue by iefeience all the eviuence, testimonial anu
uocumentaiy, taken upon the issue involveu. The iefeience shall specify the
uocumentaiy eviuence by the exhibit numbeis oi letteis by which it was iuentifieu
when aumitteu oi offeieu at the heaiing, anu the testimonial eviuence by the names
of the coiiesponuing witnesses. If the whole testimonial anu uocumentaiy eviuence
in the case is to be incluueu, a statement to that effect will be sufficient without
mentioning the names of the witnesses oi the numbeis oi letteis of exhibits. Eveiy
iecoiu on appeal exceeuing twenty (2u) pages must contain a subject inuex. (6a)
SEC. 7. H332'70$ '( 2%1'28 '. 033%0$ R0pon the filing of the iecoiu on appeal
foi appioval anu if no objection is fileu by the appellee within five (S) uays fiom
ieceipt of a copy theieof, the tiial couit may appiove it as piesenteu oi upon its own
motion oi at the instance of the appellee, may uiiect its amenument by the inclusion
of any omitteu matteis which aie ueemeu essential to the ueteimination of the issue
of law oi fact involveu in the appeal. If the tiial couit oiueis the amenument of the
iecoiu, the appellant, within the time limiteu in the oiuei, oi such extension theieof
as may be gianteu, oi if no time is fixeu by the oiuei within ten (1u) uays fiom
ieceipt theieof, shall ieuiaft the iecoiu by incluuing theiein, in theii piopei
chionological sequence, such auuitional matteis as the couit may have uiiecteu him
to incoipoiate, anu shall theieupon submit the ieuiafteu iecoiu foi appioval, upon
notice to the appellee, in like mannei as the oiiginal uiaft. (7a)
SEC. 8. @'".# 2%1'28 '. 033%0$=RWheie both paities aie appellants, they may
file a joint iecoiu on appeal within the time fixeu by section S of this Rule, oi that
fixeu by the couit. (8a)
SEC. Y= D%2(%1#"'. '( 033%0$? %((%1# #)%2%'(RA paity's appeal by notice of appeal
is ueemeu peifecteu as to him upon the filing of the notice of appeal in uue time.
A paity's appeal by iecoiu on appeal is ueemeu peifecteu as to him with
iespect to the subject mattei theieof upon the appioval of the iecoiu on appeal fileu
in uue time.
In appeals by notice of appeal, the couit loses juiisuiction ovei the case upon
the peifection of the appeals fileu in uue time anu the expiiation of the time to
appeal of the othei paities.
In appeals by iecoiu on appeal, the couit loses juiisuiction only ovei the
subject mattei theieof upon the appioval of the iecoius on appeal fileu in uue time
anu the expiiation of the time to appeal of the othei paities.
84
In eithei case, piioi to the tiansmittal of the oiiginal iecoiu oi the iecoiu on
appeal, the couit may issue oiueis foi the piotection anu pieseivation of the iights
of the paities which uo not involve any mattei litigateu by the appeal, appiove
compiomises, peimit appeals of inuigent litigants, oiuei execution penuing appeal
in accoiuance with section 2 of Rule S9, anu allow withuiawal of the appeal. (9a)
SEC. 1u. K+#; '( 1$%2I '( 1'+2# '( #)% $'/%2 1'+2# +3'. 3%2(%1#"'. '( 033%0$=R
Within thiity (Su) uays aftei peifection of all the appeals in accoiuance with the
pieceuing section, it shall be the uuty of the cleik of couit of the lowei couit:
(a) To veiify the coiiectness of the oiiginal iecoiu oi the iecoiu
on appeal, as the case may be, anu to make a ceitification of its coiiectness;
(b) To veiify the completeness of the iecoius that will be
tiansmitteu to the appellate couit;
(c) If founu to be incomplete, to take such measuies as may be
iequiieu to complete the iecoius, availing of the authoiity that he oi the couit
may exeicise foi this puipose; anu
(u) To tiansmit the iecoius to the appellate couit.
If the effoits to complete the iecoius fail, he shall inuicate in his lettei of
tiansmittal the exhibits oi tiansciipts not incluueu in the iecoius being tiansmitteu
to the appellate couit, the ieasons foi theii non-tiansmittal, anu the steps taken oi
that coulu be taken to have them available.
The cleik of couit shall fuinish the paities with copies of his lettei of
tiansmittal of the iecoius to the appellate couit. (1ua)
SEC. 11. !20.,12"3#=R0pon the peifection of the appeal, the cleik shall
immeuiately uiiect the stenogiapheis conceineu to attach to the iecoiu of the case
five (S) copies of the tiansciipts of the testimonial eviuence iefeiieu to in the iecoiu
on appeal. The stenogiapheis conceineu shall tiansciibe such testimonial eviuence
anu shall piepaie anu affix to theii tiansciipts an inuex contain-ing the names of the
witnesses anu the pages wheiein theii testimonies aie founu, anu a. list of the
exhibits anu the pages wheiein each of them appeais to have been offeieu anu
aumitteu oi iejecteu by the tiial couit. The tiansciipts shall be tiansmitteu to the
cleik of the tiial couit who shall theieupon aiiange the same in the oiuei in which
the witnesses testifieu at the tiial, anu shall cause the pages to be numbeieu
consecutively. (12a)
SEC. 12. !20.,9"##0$=RThe cleik of the tiial couit shall tiansmit to the
appellate couit the oiiginal iecoiu oi the appioveu iecoiu on appeal within thiity
8S
(Su) uays fiom the peifection of the appeal, togethei with the pioof of payment of
the appellate couit uocket anu othei lawful fees, a ceitifieu tiue copy of the minutes
of the pioceeuings, the oiuei of appioval, the ceitificate of coiiectness, the oiiginal
uocumentaiy eviuence iefeiieu to theiein, anu the oiiginal anu thiee (S) copies of
the tiansciipts. Copies of the tiansciipts anu ceitifieu tiue copies of the
uocumentaiy eviuence shall iemain in the lowei couit foi the examination of the
paities. (11a)
SEC. 1S. K",9",,0$ '( 033%0$=RPiioi to the tiansmittal of the oiiginal iecoiu oi
the iecoiu on appeal to the appellate couit, the tiial couit may 9'#+ 32'32"' oi on
motion uismiss the appeal foi having been taken out of time, oi foi non-payment of
the uocket anu othei lawful fees within the ieglementaiy peiiou. (1Sa)


!"#$ 63
*$/-/-+( 4+! !$,-$? 4!+8 /@$ !$'-+()# /!-)# 2+"!/. /+ /@$ 2+"!/
+4 )**$)#.
SECTI0N 1. S'/ 033%0$ #0I%.? #"9% ('2 ("$".6=RA paity uesiiing to appeal fiom
a uecision of the Regional Tiial Couit ienueieu in the exeicise of its appellate
juiisuiction may file a veiifieu petition foi ieview with the Couit of Appeals, paying
at the same time to the cleik of saiu couit the coiiesponuing uocket anu othei
lawful fees, uepositing the amount of PSuu.uu foi costs, anu fuinishing the Regional
Tiial Couit anu the auveise paity with a copy of the petition. The petition shall be
fileu anu seiveu within fifteen (1S) uays fiom notice of the uecision sought to be
ievieweu oi of the uenial of petitionei's motion foi new tiial oi ieconsiueia-tion
fileu in uue time aftei juugment. 0pon piopei motion anu the payment of the full
amount of the uocket anu othei lawful fees anu the ueposit foi costs befoie the
expiiation of the ieglementaiy peiiou, the Couit of Appeals may giant an auuitional
peiiou of fifteen (1S) uays only within which to file the petition foi ieview. No
fuithei extension shall be gianteu except foi the most compelling ieason anu in no
case to exceeu fifteen (1S) uays. (n)
SEC. 2. T'29 0.8 1'.#%.#,=RThe petition shall be fileu in seven (7) legible
copies, with the oiiginal copy intenueu foi the couit being inuicateu as such by the
petitionei, anu shall (a) state the full names of the paities to the case, without
86
impleauing the lowei couits oi juuges theieof eithei as petitioneis oi iesponuents;
(b) inuicate the specific mateiial uates showing that it was fileu on time; (c) set foith
concisely a statement of the mateis involveu, the issues iaiseu, the specification of
eiiois of fact oi law, oi both, allegeuly committeu by the Regional Tiial Couit, anu
the ieasons oi aiguments ielieu upon foi the allowance of the appeal; (u) be
accompanieu by cleaily legible uuplicate oiiginals oi tiue copies of the juugments oi
final oiueis of both lowei couits, ceitifieu coiiect by the cleik of couit of the
Regional Tiial Couit, the iequisite numbei of plain copies theieof anu of the
pleauings anu othei mateiial poitions of the iecoiu as woulu suppoit the allegations
of the petition.
The petitionei shall also submit togethei with the petition a ceitification unuei
oath that he has not theietofoie commenceu any othei action involving the same
issues in the Supieme Couit, the Couit of Appeals oi uiffeient uivisions theieof, oi
any othei tiibunal oi agency; if theie is such othei action oi pioceeuing, he must
state the status of the same; anu if he shoulu theieaftei leain that a similai action oi
pioceeuing has been fileu oi is penuing befoie the Supieme Couit, the Couit of
Appeals, oi uiffeient uivisions theieof, oi any othei tiibunal oi agency, he
unueitakes to piomptly infoim the afoiesaiu couits anu othei tiibunal oi agency
theieof within five (S) uays theiefiom. (n)
SEC. S. J((%1# '( (0"$+2% #' 1'93$; /"#) 2%V+"2%9%.#,=RThe failuie of the
petitionei to comply with any of the foiegoing iequiie-ments iegaiuing the payment
of the uocket anu othei lawful fees, the ueposit foi costs, pioof of seivice of the
petition, anu the contents of anu the uocuments which shoulu accompany the
peti-tion shall be sufficient giounu foi the uismissal theieof. (n)
SEC. 4. H1#"'. '. #)% 3%#"#"'.=RThe Couit of Appeals may iequiie the
iesponuent to file a comment on the petition, not a motion to uismiss, within ten
(1u) uays fiom notice, oi uismiss the petition if it finus the same to be patently
without meiit, piosecuteu manifestly foi uelay, oi that the questions iaiseu theiein
aie too unsubstantial to iequiie consiueiation. (n)
SEC. S. 5'.#%.#, '( 1'99%.#=RThe comment of the iesponuent shall be fileu in
seven (7) legible copies, accompanieu by ceitifieu tiue copies of such mateiial
poitions of the iecoiu iefeiieu to theiein togethei with othei suppoiting papeis
anu shall (a) state whethei oi not he accepts the statement of matteis involveu in
the petition; (b) point out such insufficiencies oi inaccuiacies as he believes exist in
petitionei's statement of matteis involveu but without iepetition; anu (c) state the
ieasons why the petition shoulu not be given uue couise. A copy theieof shall be
seiveu on the petitionei. (n)
87
SEC. 6. K+% 1'+2,%=RIf upon the filing of the comment oi such othei pleauings
as the couit may allow oi iequiie, oi aftei the expiiation of the peiiou foi the filing
theieof without such comment oi pleauing having been submitteu, the Couit of
Appeals finus 32"90 (01"% that the lowei couit has committeu an eiioi of fact oi law
that will waiiant a ieveisal oi mouification of the appealeu uecision, it may
accoiuingly give uue couise to the petition. (n)
SEC. 7. J$%70#"'. '( 2%1'28.Whenevei the Couit of Appeals ueems it
necessaiy, it may oiuei the cleik of couit of the Regional Tiial Couit to elevate the
oiiginal iecoiu of the case incluuing the oial anu uocumentaiy eviuence within
fifteen (1S) uays fiom notice.(n)
SEC. 8. D%2(%1#"'. '( 033%0$? %((%1# #)%2%'( R
(a) 0pon the timely filing of a petition foi ieview anu the
payment of the coiiesponuing uocket anu othei lawful fees, the appeal is
ueemeu peifecteu as to the petitionei.
The Regional Tiial Couit loses juiisuiction ovei the case upon the
peifection of the appeals fileu in uue time anu the expiiation of the time to
appeal of the othei paities.
Bowevei, befoie the Couit of Appeals gives uue couise to the
petition, the Regional Tiial Couit may issue oiueis foi the piotection anu
pieseivation of the iights of the paities which uo not involve any mattei
litigateu by the appeal, appiove coin-piomises, peimit appeals of inuigent
litigants, oiuei execution penuing appeal in accoiuance with section 2 of Rule
S9, anu allow withuiawal of the appeal. (9a, R41)
(b) Except in civil cases ueciueu unuei the Rule on Summaiy
Pioceuuie, the appeal shall stay the juugment oi final oiuei unless the Couit of
Appeals, the law, oi these Rules shall pioviue othei-wise. (n)
SEC. 9= >+49",,"'. ('2 8%1","'.=RIf the petition is given uue couise, the Couit of
Appeals may set the case foi oial aigument oi iequiie the paities to submit
memoianua within a peiiou of fifteen (1S) uays fiom notice. The case shall be
ueemeu submitteu foi uecision upon the filing of the last pleauing oi memoianuum
iequiieu by these Rules oi by the couit itself. (n)

88
!"#$ 65
)**$)#. 4!+8 /@$ 2+"!/ +4 /)F )**$)#. )(0 G").-ED"0-2-)# )'$(2-$.
/+ /@$ 2+"!/ +4 )**$)#.
SECTI0N 1. >1'3%=RThis Rule shall apply to appeals fiom juugments oi final
oiueis of the Couit of Tax Appeals anu fiom awaius, juugments, final oiueis oi
iesolutions of oi authoiizeu by any quasi-juuicial agency in the exeicise of its quasi-
juuicial functions. Among these agencies aie the Civil Seivice Commission, Cential
Boaiu of Assessment Appeals, Secuiities anu Exchange Commission, 0ffice of the
Piesiuent, Lanu Registiation Authoiity, Social Secuiity Commission, Civil
Aeionautics Boaiu, Buieau of Patents, Tiauemaiks anu Technology Tiansfei,
National Electiification Auministiation, Eneigy Regulatoiy Boaiu, National
Telecommunications Commission, Bepaitment of Agiaiian Refoim unuei Republic
Act No. 66S7, uoveinment Seivice Insuiance System, Employees Compensation
Commission, Agiicultuial Inventions Boaiu, Insuiance Commission, Philippine
Atomic Eneigy Commission, Boaiu of Investments, Constiuction Inuustiy
Aibitiation Commission, anu voluntaiy aibitiatois authoiizeu by law. (n)
SEC. 2. 50,%, .'# 1'7%2%8.This Rule shall not apply to juugments oi final
oiueis issueu unuei the Laboi Coue of the Philippines. (n)
SEC. S. C)%2% #' 033%0$=RAn appeal unuei this Rule may be taken to the Couit
of Appeals within the peiiou anu in the mannei heiein pioviueu, whethei the appeal
involves questions of fact, of law, oi mixeu questions of fact anu law. (n)
SEC. 4= D%2"'8 '( 033%0$=RThe appeal shall be taken within fifteen (1S) uays
fiom notice of the awaiu, juugment, final oiuei oi iesolution, oi fiom the uate of its
last publication, if publication is iequiieu by law foi its effectivity, oi of the uenial of
petitionei's motion foi new tiial oi ieconsiueiation uuly fileu in accoiuance with the
goveining law of the couit oi agency a V+'= 0nly one (1) motion foi ieconsiueiation
shall be alloweu. 0pon piopei motion anu the payment of the full amount of the
uocket fee befoie the expiiation of the ieglementaiy peiiou, the Couit of Appeals
may giant an auuitional peiiou of fifteen (1S) uays only within which to file the
petition foi ieview. No fuithei extension shall be gianteu except foi the most
compelling ieason anu in no case to exceeu fifteen (1S) uays. (n)
SEC. S. S'/ 033%0$ #0I%.==RAppeal shall be taken by filing a veiifieu petition
foi ieview in seven (7) legible copies with the Couit of Appeals, with pioof of seivice
of a copy theieof on the auveise paity anu on the couit oi agency 0 V+'= The oiiginal
89
copy of the petition intenueu foi the Couit of Appeals shall be inuicateu as such by
the petitionei.
0pon the filing of the petition, the petitionei shall pay to the cleik of couit of
the Couit of Appeals the uocketing anu othei lawful fees anu ueposit the sum of
PSuu.uu foi costs. Exemption fiom payment of uocketing anu othei lawful fees anu
the ueposit foi costs may be gianteu by the Couit of Appeals upon a veiifieu motion
setting foith valiu giounus theiefoi. If the Couit of Appeals uenies the motion, the
petitionei shall pay the uocketing anu othei lawful fees anu ueposit foi costs within
fifteen (1S) uays fiom notice of the uenial. (n)
SEC. 6. 5'.#%.#, '( #)% 3%#"#"'.=RThe petition foi ieview shall (a) state the full
names of the paities to the case, without impleauing the couit oi agencies eithei as
petitioneis oi iesponuents; (b) contain a concise statement of the facts anu issues
involveu anu the giounus ielieu upon foi the ieview; (c) be accompanieu by a
cleaily legible uuplicate oiiginal oi a ceitifieu tiue copy of the awaiu, juugment,
final oiuei oi iesolution appealeu fiom, togethei with ceitifieu tiue copies of such
mateiial poitions of the iecoiu iefeiieu to theiein anu othei suppoiting papeis; anu
(u) contain a swoin ceitification against foium shopping as pioviueu in the last
paiagiaph of section 2, Rule 42. The petition shall state the specific mateiial uates
showing that it was fileu within the peiiou fixeu heiein. (2a)
SEC. 7. J((%1# '( (0"$+2% #' 1'93$; /"#) 2%V+"2%9%.#,=RThe failuie of the
petitionei to comply with any of the foiegoing iequiie-ments iegaiuing the payment
of the uocket anu othei lawful fees, the ueposit foi costs, pioof of seivice of the
petition, anu the contents of anu the uocuments which shoulu accompany the
petition shall be sufficient giounu foi the uismissal theieof. (n)
SEC. 8. H1#"'. '. #)% 3%#"#"'.=RThe Couit of Appeals may iequiie the
iesponuent to file a comment on the petition, not a motion to uismiss, within ten
(1u) uays fiom notice, oi uismiss the petition if it finus the same to be patently
without meiit, piosecuteu manifestly foi uelay, oi that the questions iaiseu theiein
aie too unsubstantial to iequiie consiueiation. (6a)
SEC. 9. 5'.#%.#, '( 1'99%.#=RThe comment shall be fileu within ten (1u) uays
fiom notice in seven (7) legible copies anu accompanieu by cleaily legible ceitifieu
tiue copies of such mateiial poitions of the iecoiu iefeiieu to theiein togethei with
othei suppoiting papeis. The comment shall (a) point out insufficiencies oi
inaccuiacies in petitionei's statement of facts anu issues; anu (b) state the ieasons
why the petition shoulu be uenieu oi uismisseu. A copy theieof shall be seiveu on
the petitionei, anu pioof of such seivice shall be fileu with the Couit of Appeals. (9a)
9u
SEC. 1u. K+% 1'+2,%=RIf upon the filing of the comment oi such othei pleauings
oi uocuments as may be iequiieu oi alloweu by the Couit of Appeals oi upon the
expiiation of the peiiou foi the filing theieof, anu on the basis of the petition oi the
iecoius the Couit of Appeals finus 32"90 (01"% that the couit oi agency conceineu
has committeu eiiois of fact oi law that woulu waiiant ieveisal oi mouification of
the awaiu, juugment, final oiuei oi iesolution sought to be ievieweu, it may give
uue couise to the petition; otheiwise, it shall uismiss the same. The finuings of fact
of the couit oi agency conceineu, when suppoiteu by substantial eviuence, shall be
binuing on the Couit of Appeals. (n)
SEC. 11. !20.,9"##0$ '( iecoiu.Within fifteen (1S) uays fiom notice that the
petition has been given uue couise, the Couit of Appeals may iequiie the couit oi
agency conceineu to tiansmit the oiiginal oi a legible ceitifieu tiue copy of the
entiie iecoiu of the pioceeuing unuei ieview. The iecoiu to be tiansmitteu may be
abiiugeu by agieement of all paities to the pioceeuing. The Couit of Appeals may
iequiie oi peimit subsequent coiiection of oi auuition to the iecoiu. (8a)
SEC. 12. J((%1# '( 033%0$RThe appeal shall not stay the awaiu, juugment, final
oiuei of iesolution sought to be ievieweu unless the Couit of Appeals shall uiiect
otheiwise upon such teims as it may ueem just. (1ua)
SEC. 1S. >+49",,"'. ('2 8%1","'.=RIf the petition is given uue couise, the Couit
of Appeals may set the case foi oial aigument oi iequiie the paities to submit
memoianua within a peiiou of fifteen (1S) uays fiom notice. The case shall be
ueemeu submitteu foi uecision upon the filing of the last pleauing oi memoianuum
iequiieu by these Rules oi by the Couit of Appeals. (n)


*!+2$0"!$ -( /@$ 2+"!/ +4 )**$)#.
!"#$ 66
+!0-()!1 )**$)#$0 2).$.
SECTI0N 1. !"#$% '( 10,%,=RIn all cases appealeu to the Couit of Appeals unuei
Rule 41, the title of the case shall iemain as it was in the couit of oiigin, but the
paity appealing the case shall be fuithei iefeiieu to as the appellant anu the auveise
paity as the appellee. (1a, R46)
91
SEC. 2. 5'+.,%$ 0.8 6+028"0.,=RThe counsel anu guaiuians 08 $"#%9 of the
paities in the couit of oiigin shall be iespectively consiueieu as theii counsel anu
guaiuians 08 $"#%9 in the Couit of Appeals. When otheis appeai oi aie appointeu,
notice theieof shall be seiveu immeuiately on the auveise paity anu fileu with the
couit. (2a, R46)
SEC. S. :28%2 '( #20.,9"##0$ '( 2%1'28=RIf the oiiginal iecoiu oi the iecoiu on
appeal is not tiansmitteu to the Couit of Appeals within thiity (Su) uays aftei the
peifection of the appeal, eithei paity may file a motion with the tiial couit, with
notice to the othei, foi the tiansmittal of such iecoiu oi iecoiu on appeal. (Sa, R46)
SEC. 4. K'1I%#".6 '( case.0pon ieceiving the oiiginal iecoiu oi the iecoiu on
appeal anu the accompanying uocuments anu exhibits tiansmitteu by the lowei
couit, as well as the pioof of payment of the uocket anu othei lawful fees, the cleik
of couit of the Couit of Appeals shall uocket the case anu notify the paities theieof.
(4a, R46)
Within ten (1u) uays fiom ieceipt of saiu notice, the appellant, in appeals by
iecoiu on appeal, shall file with the cleik of couit seven (7) cleaily legible copies of
the appioveu iecoiu on appeal, togethei with the pioof of seivice of two (2) copies
theieof upon the appellee.
Any unauthoiizeu alteiation, omission oi auuition in the appioveu iecoiu on
appeal shall be a giounu foi uismissal of the appeal. (n)
SEC. S. 5'93$%#"'. '( 2%1'28=RWheie the iecoiu of the uocketeu case is
incomplete, the cleik of couit of the Couit of Appeals shall so infoim saiu couit anu
iecommenueu to it measuies necessaiy to complete the iecoiu. It shall be the uuty
of saiu couit to take appiopiiate action towaius the completion of the iecoiu within
the shoitest possible time. (n)
SEC. 6. K",3%.,".6 /"#) 1'93$%#% 2%1'28=RWheie the completion of the iecoiu
coulu not be accomplisheu within a sufficient peiiou allotteu foi saiu puipose uue to
insupeiable oi extiemely uifficult causes, the couit, on its own motion oi on motion
of any of the paities, may ueclaie that the iecoiu anu its accompanying tiansciipts
anu exhibits so fai available aie sufficient to ueciue the issues iaiseu in the appeal,
anu shall issue an oiuei explaining the ieasons foi such ueclaiation. (n)
SEC. 7. H33%$$0.#_, biief.It shall be the uuty of the appellant to file with the
couit, within foity-five (4S) uays fiom ieceipt of the notice of the cleik that all the
eviuence, oial anu uocumentaiy, aie attacheu to the iecoiu, seven (7) copies of his
legibly typewiitten, mimeogiapheu oi piinteu biief, with pioof of seivice of two (2)
copies theieof upon the appellee. (1ua, R46)
92
SEC. 8. H33%$$%%_, biiefWithin foity-five (4S) uays fiom ieceipt of the
appellant's biief, the appellee shall file with the couit seven (7) copies of his legibly
typewiitten, mimeogiapheu oi piinteu biief, with pioof of seivice of two (2) copies
theieof upon the appellant. (11a, R46)
SEC. 9. H33%$$0.#_, 2%3$; biief.Within twenty (2u) uays fiom ieceipt of the
appellee's biief, the appellant may file a ieply biief answeiing points in the
appellee's biief not coveieu in his main biief. (12, R46)
SEC. 1u. !"9% '( ("$".6 9%9'20.80 ". ,3%1"0$ 10,%,=RIn ceitioiaii, piohibition,
manuamus, V+' /0220.#' anu )04%0, 1'23+, cases, the paities shall file, in lieu of
biiefs, theii iespective memoianua within a non-extenuible peiiou of thiity (Su)
uays fiom ieceipt of the notice issueu by the cleik that all the eviuence, oial anu
uocumentaiy, is alieauy attacheu to the iecoiu. (1Sa, R46)
The failuie of the appellant to file his memoianuum within the peiiou theiefoi
may be a giounu foi uismissal of the appeal. (n)
SEC. 11. >%7%20$ 033%$$0.#, '2 033%$$%%, '2 ,%7%20$ 1'+.,%$ ('2 %01) 302#;=R
C)%2% theie aie seveial appellants oi appellees, each counsel iepiesenting one oi
moie but not all of them shall be seiveu with only one copy of the biiefs. When
seveial counsel iepiesent one appellant oi appellee, copies of the biief may be
seiveu upon any of them. (14a, R46)
SEC. 12. JL#%.,"'. '( #"9% ('2 ("$".6 42"%(,=RJL#%.,"'. of time foi the filing of
biiefs will not be alloweu, except foi goou anu sufficient cause, anu only if the
motion foi extension is fileu befoie the expiiation of the time sought to be extenueu.
(1S, R46)
SEC. 1S. 5'.#%.#, '( 033%$$0.#_, 42"%(=RThe appellant's biief shall contain, in
the oiuei heiein inuicateu, the following:
(a) A subject inuex of the mattei in the biief with a uigest of the
aiguments anu page iefeiences, anu a table of cases alphabetically aiiangeu,
textbooks anu statutes citeu with iefeiences to the pages wheie they aie citeu;
(b) An assignment of eiiois intenueu to be uigeu, which eiiois
shall be sepaiately, uistinctly anu concisely stateu without iepetition anu
numbeieu consecutively;
(c) 0nuei the heauing "Statement of the Case," a cleai anu
concise statement of the natuie of the action, a summaiy of the pioceeuings,
the appealeu iulings anu oiueis of the couit, the natuie of the juugment anu
any othei matteis necessaiy to an unueistanuing of the natuie of the
9S
contioveisy, with page iefeiences to the iecoiu;
(u) 0nuei the heauing "Statement of Facts," a cleai anu concise
statement in a naiiative foim of the facts aumitteu by both paities anu of those
in contioveisy, togethei with the substance of the pioof ielating theieto in
sufficient uetail to make it cleaily intelligible, with page iefeiences to the
iecoiu;
(e) A cleai anu concise statement of the issues of fact oi law to
be submitteu to the couit foi its juugment;
(f) 0nuei the heauing "Aigument," the appellant's aiguments
on each assignment of eiioi with page iefeiences to the iecoiu. The
authoiities ielieu upon shall be citeu by the page of the iepoit at which the
case begins anu the page of the iepoit on which the citation is founu:
(g) 0nuei the heauing "Relief," a specification of the oiuei oi
juugment which the appellant seeks; anu
(h) In cases not biought up by iecoiu on appeal, the appellant's
biief shall contain, as an appenuix, a copy of the juugment oi final oiuei
appealeu fiom. (16a, R46)
SEC. 14. 5'.#%.#, '( 033%$$%%_, 42"%(=RThe appellee's biief shall contain, in the
oiuei heiein inuicateu, the following:
(a) A subject inuex of the mattei in the biief with a uigest of the
aiguments anu page iefeiences, anu a table of cases alphabetically aiiangeu,
textbooks anu statutes citeu with iefeiences to the pages wheie they aie citeu;
(b) 0nuei the heauing "Statement of Facts," the appellee shall
state that he accepts the statement of facts in the appellant's biief, oi unuei the
heauing "Countei-Statement of Facts," he shall point out such insufficiencies oi
inaccuiacies as he believes exist in the appellant's statement of facts with
iefeiences to the pages of the iecoiu in suppoit theieof, but without iepetition
of matteis in the appellant's statement of facts; anu
(c) 0nuei the heauing "Aigument," the appellee shall set foith
his aiguments in the case on each assignment of eiioi with page iefeiences to
the iecoiu. The authoiities ielieu on shall be citeu by the page of the iepoit at
which the case begins anu the page of the iepoit on which the citation is founu.
(17a, R46)
SEC. 1S. X+%,#"'., #)0# 90; 4% 20",%8 '. 033%0$=FWhethei oi not the appellant
94
has fileu a motion foi new tiial in the couit below, he may incluue in his assignment
of eiiois any question of law oi fact that has been iaiseu in the couit below anu
which is within the issues fiameu by the paities. (18, R46)

!"#$ 67
)**$)# A1 2$!/-+!)!- /+ /@$ ."*!$8$ 2+"!/
SECTI0N 1. T"$".6 '( 3%#"#"'. /"#) >+32%9% 5'+2#=RA paity uesiiing to appeal
by ceitioiaii fiom a juugment oi final oiuei oi iesolution of the Couit of Appeals,
the Sanuiganbayan, the Regional Tiial Couit oi othei couits whenevei authoiizeu by
law, may file with the Supieme Couit a veiifieu petition foi ieview on
ceitioiaii. The petition shall iaise only questions of law which must be uistinctly set
foith. (1a, 2a)
SEC. 2. !"9% ('2 ("$".6? %L#%.,"'.=RThe petition shall be fileu within fifteen (1S)
uays fiom notice of the juugment oi final oiuei oi iesolution appealeu fiom, oi of
the uenial of the petitionei's motion foi new tiial oi ieconsiueiation fileu in uue
time aftei notice of the juugment. 0n motion uuly fileu anu seiveu, with full
payment of the uocket anu othei lawful fees anu the ueposit foi costs befoie the
expiiation of the ieglementaiy peiiou, the Supieme Couit may foi justifiable
ieasons giant an extension of thiity (Su) uays only within which to file the petition.
(1a, Sa)
SEC. S. K'1I%# 0.8 '#)%2 $0/(+$ (%%,? 32''( '( ,%27"1% '( 3%#"#"'.=R0nless he has
theietofoie uone so, the petitionei shall pay the coiiesponuing uocket anu othei
lawful fees to the cleik of couit of the Supieme Couit anu ueposit the amount of
PSuu.uu foi costs at the time of the filing of the petition. Pioof of seivice of a copy
theieof on the lowei couit conceineu anu on the auveise paity shall be submitteu
togethei with the petition. (1a)
SEC. 4. 5'.#%.#, '( 3%#"#"'.RThe petition shall be fileu in eighteen (18) copies,
with the oiiginal copy intenueu foi the couit being inuicateu as such by the
petitionei, anu shall (a) state the full name of the appealing paity as the petitionei
anu the auveise paity as iesponuent, without impleauing the lowei couits oi juuges
theieof eithei as petitioneis oi iesponuents; (b) inuicate the mateiial uates showing
9S
when notice of the juugment oi final oiuei oi iesolution subject theieof was
ieceiveu, when a motion foi new tiial oi ieconsiueiation, if any, was fileu anu when
notice of the uenial theieof was ieceiveu; (c) set foith concisely a statement of the
matteis involveu, anu the ieasons oi aiguments ielieu on foi the allowance of the
petition; (u) be accompanieu by a cleaily legible uuplicate oiiginal, oi a ceitifieu
tiue copy of the juugment oi final oiuei oi iesolution ceitifieu by the cleik of couit
of the couit 0 V+' anu the iequisite numbei of plain copies theieof, anu such
mateiial poitions of the iecoiu as woulu suppoit the petition; anu (e) contain a
swoin ceitification against foium shopping as pioviueu in the last paiagiaph of
section 2, Rule 42. (2a)
SEC. S. K",9",,0$ '2 8%."0$ '( 3%#"#"'.=RThe failuie of the petitionei to comply
with any of the foiegoing iequiiements iegaiuing the payment of the uocket anu
othei lawful fees, ueposit foi costs, pioof of seivice of the petition, anu the contents
of anu the uocuments which shoulu accompany the petition shall be sufficient
giounu foi the uismissal theieof.
The Supieme Couit may on its own initiative ueny the petition on the giounu
that the appeal is without meiit, oi is piosecuteu manifestly foi uelay, oi that the
questions iaiseu theiein aie too unsubstantial to iequiie consiueiation. (Sa)
SEC. 6. *%7"%/ 8",12%#"'.02;=RA ieview is not a mattei of iight, but of sounu
juuicial uiscietion, anu will be gianteu only when theie aie special anu impoitant
ieasons theiefoi. The following, while neithei contiolling noi fully measuiing the
couit's uiscietion, inuicate the chaiactei of the ieasons which will be consiueieu:
(a) When the couit a quo has ueciueu a question of substance,
not theietofoie ueteimineu by the Supieme Couit, oi has ueciueu it in a way
piobably not in accoiu with law oi with the applicable uecisions of the
Supieme Couit; oi
(b) When the couit a quo has so fai uepaiteu fiom the accepteu
anu usual couise of juuicial pioceeuings, oi so fai sanctioneu such uepaituie
by a lowei couit, as to call foi an exeicise of the powei of supeivision. (4a)
SEC. 7. D$%08".6, 0.8 8'1+9%.#, #)0# 90; 4% 2%V+"2%8? ,0.1#"'.,=RFoi
puiposes of ueteimining whethei the petition shoulu be uismisseu oi uenieu
puisuant to section S of this Rule, oi wheie the petition is given uue couise unuei
section 8 heieof, the Supieme Couit may iequiie oi allow the filing of such
pleauings, biiefs, memoianua oi uocuments as it may ueem necessaiy within such
peiious anu unuei such conuitions as it may consiuei appiopiiate, anu impose the
coiiesponuing sanctions in case of non-filing oi unauthoiizeu filing of such
96
pleauings anu uocuments oi non-compliance with the conuitions theieof. (n)
SEC. 8. K+% 1'+2,%? %$%70#"'. '( 2%1'28,=RIf the petition is given uue couise, the
Supieme Couit may iequiie the elevation of the complete iecoiu of the case oi
specifieu paits theieof within fifteen (1S) uays fiom notice. (2a)
SEC. 9. *+$% 033$"104$% #' 4'#) 1"7"$ 0.8 12"9".0$ 10,%,=RThe moue of appeal
piesciibeu in this Rule shall be applicable to both civil anu ciiminal cases, except in
ciiminal cases wheie the penalty imposeu is ueath, 2%1$+,"'. 3%23%#+0 oi life
impiisonment. (n)

!"#$ 69
+!-'-()# 2).$.
SECTI0N 1. !"#$% '( 10,%,=RIn all cases oiiginally fileu in the Couit of Appeals,
the paity instituting the action shall be calleu the petitionei anu the opposing paity
the iesponuent. (1a)
SEC. 2. !' /)0# 01#"'., 033$"104$%=RThis Rule shall apply to oiiginal actions foi
1%2#"'202", piohibition, 90.809+, anu V+' /0220.#'.
Except as otheiwise pioviueu, the actions foi annulment of juugment shall be
goveineu by Rule 47, foi ceitioiaii, piohibition anu manuamus by Rule 6S, anu foi
V+' /0220.#' by Rule 66. (n)
SEC. S. 5'.#%.#, 0.8 ("$".6 of 3%#"#"'.? %((%1# '( .'.F1'93$"0.1% /"#)
2%V+"2%9%.#,=R!)% petition shall contain the full names anu actual auuiesses of all
the petitioneis anu iesponuents, a concise statement of the matteis involveu, the
factual backgiounu of the case, anu the giounus ielieu upon foi the ielief piayeu foi.
In actions fileu unuei Rule 6S, the petition shall fuithei inuicate the mateiial
uates showing when notice of the juugment oi final oiuei oi iesolution subject
theieof was ieceiveu, when a motion foi new tiial oi ieconsiueiation, if any, was
fileu anu when notice of the uenial theieof was ieceiveu.
It shall be fileu in seven (7) cleaily legible copies togethei with pioof of seivice
theieof on the iesponuent with the oiiginal copy intenueu foi the couit inuicateu as
97
such by the petitionei, anu shall be accompanieu by a cleaily legible uuplicate
oiiginal oi ceitifieu tiue copy of the juugment, oiuei, iesolution, oi iuling subject
theieof, such mateiial poitions of the iecoiu as aie iefeiieu to theiein, anu othei
uocuments ielevant oi peitinent theieto. The ceitification shall be accomplisheu by
the piopei cleik of couit oi by his uuly authoiizeu iepiesentative, oi by the piopei
officei of the couit, tiibunal, agency oi office involveu oi by his uuly authoiizeu
iepiesentative. The othei iequisite numbei of copies of the petition shall be
accompanieu by cleaily legible plain copies of all uocuments attacheu to the oiiginal.
The petitionei shall also submit togethei with the petition a swoin
ceitification that he has not theietofoie commenceu any othei action involving the
same issues in the Supieme Couit, the Couit of Appeals oi uiffeient uivisions
theieof, oi any othei tiibunal oi agency; if theie is such othei action oi pioceeuing,
he must state the status of the same; anu if he shoulu theieaftei leain that a similai
action oi pioceeuing has been fileu oi is penuing befoie the Supieme Couit, the
Couit of Appeals, oi uiffeient uivisions theieof, oi any othei tiibunal oi agency, he
unueitakes to piomptly infoim the afoiesaiu couits anu othei tiibunal oi agency
theieof within five (S) uays theiefiom.
The petitionei shall pay the coiiesponuing uocket anu othei lawful fees to the
cleik of couit anu ueposit the amount of PSuu.uu foi costs at the time of the filing of
the petition.
The failuie of the petitionei to comply with any of the foiegoing iequiiements
shall be sufficient giounu foi the uismissal of the petition. (n)
SEC. 4= @+2",8"1#"'. '7%2 3%2,'. '( 2%,3'.8%.#< )'/ 01V+"2%8=RThe couit shall
acquiie juiisuiction ovei the peison of the iesponuent by the seivice on him of its
oiuei oi iesolution inuicating its initial action on the petition oi by his voluntaiy
submission to such juiisuiction. (n)
SEC. S. H1#"'. 4; #)% 1'+2#=RThe couit may uismiss the petition outiight with
specific ieasons foi such uismissal oi iequiie the iesponuent to file a comment on
the same within ten (1u) uays fiom notice. 0nly pleauings iequiieu by the couit
shall be alloweu. All othei pleauings anu papeis, may be fileu only with leave of
couit. (n)
SEC. 6. K%#%29".0#"'. '( (01#+0$ issuesWhenevei necessaiy to iesolve factual
issues, the couit itself may conuuct heaiings theieon oi uelegate the ieception of the
eviuence on such issues to any of its membeis oi to an appiopiiate couit, agency oi
office. (n)
SEC. \= J((%1# '( (0"$+2% #' ("$% 1'99%.#=RWhen no comment is fileu by any of
98
the iesponuents, the case may be ueciueu on the basis of the iecoiu, without
piejuuice to any uisciplinaiy action which the couit may take against the
uisobeuient paity. (n)

!"#$ 6;
)(("#8$(/ +4 D"0'8$(/. +! 4-()# +!0$!. )(0 !$.+#"/-+(.
SECTI0N 1. 5'7%206%=RThis Rule shall govein the annulment by the Couit of
Appeals of juugments oi final oiueis anu iesolutions in civil actions of Regional Tiial
Couits foi which the oiuinaiy iemeuies of new tiial, appeal, petition foi ielief oi
othei appiopiiate iemeuies aie no longei available thiough no fault of the
petitionei. (n)
SEC. 2. M2'+.8, ('2 0..+$9%.#=RThe annulment may be baseu only on the
giounus of extiinsic fiauu anu lack of juiisuiction.
Extiinsic fiauu shall not be a valiu giounu if it was availeu of, oi coulu have
been availeu of, in a motion foi new tiial oi petition foi ielief. (n)
SEC. S= D%2"'8 ('2 ("$".6 01#"'.=RIf baseu on extiinsic fiauu, the action must be
fileu within foui (4) yeais fiom its uiscoveiy; anu if baseu on lack of juiisuiction,
befoie it is baiieu by laches oi estoppel. (n)
SEC. 4= T"$".6 0.8 1'.#%.#, '( 3%#"#"'.=RThe action shall be commenceu by
filing a veiifieu petition alleging theiein with paiticulaiity the facts anu the law
ielieu upon foi annulment, as well as those suppoiting the petitionei's goou anu
substantial cause of action oi uefense, as the case may be.
The petition shall be fileu in seven (7) cleaily legible copies, togethei with
sufficient copies coiiesponuing to the numbei of iesponuents. A ceitifieu tiue copy
of the juugment oi final oiuei oi iesolution shall be attacheu to the oiiginal copy of
the petition intenueu foi the couit anu inuicateu as such by the petitionei.
The petitionei shall also submit togethei with the petition affiuavits of
witnesses oi uocuments suppoiting the cause of action oi uefense anu a swoin
ceitification that he has not theietofoie commenceu any othei action involving the
99
same issues in the Supieme Couit, the Couit of Appeals oi uiffeient uivisions
theieof, oi any othei tiibunal oi agency; if theie is such othei action oi pioceeuing,
he must state the status of the same, anu if he shoulu theieaftei leain that a similai
action oi pioceeuing has been fileu oi is penuing befoie the Supieme Couit, the
Couit of Appeals, oi uiffeient uivisions theieof, oi any othei tiibunal oi agency, he
unueitakes to piomptly infoim the afoiesaiu couits anu othei tiibunal oi agency
theieof within five (Su uays theiefiom. (n)
SEC. S. H1#"'. 4; #)% couit.Shoulu the couit finu no substantial meiit in the
petition, the same may be uismisseu outiight with specific ieasons foi such
uismissal.
Shoulu 32"90 (01"% meiit be founu in the petition, the same shall be given uue
couise anu summons shall be seiveu on the iesponuent. (n)
SEC. 6. D2'1%8+2%=RThe pioceuuie in oiuinaiy civil cases shall be obseiveu.
Shoulu a tiial be necessaiy, the ieception of the eviuence may be iefeiieu to a
membei of the couit oi a juuge of a Regional Tiial Couit. (n)
SEC. 7. J((%1# '( B+869%.#F A juugment of annulment shall set asiue the
questioneu juugment oi final oiuei oi iesolution anu ienuei the same null anu voiu,
without piejuuice to the oiiginal action being iefileu in the piopei couit. Bowevei,
wheie the juugment oi final oiuei oi iesolution is set asiue on the giounu of
extiinsic fiauu, the couit may on motion oiuei the tiial couit to tiy the case as if a
timely motion foi new tiial hau been gianteu theiein. (n)
SEC. 8. >+,3%.,"'. '( 32%,12"3#"7% 3%2"'8=RThe piesciiptive peiiou foi the
iefiling of the afoiesaiu oiiginal action shall be ueemeu suspenueu fiom the filing of
saiu oiiginal action until the finality of the juugment of annulment. Bowevei, the
piesciiptive peiiou shall not be suspenueu wheie the extiinsic fiauu is attiibutable
to the plaintiff in the oiiginal action. (n)
SEC. 9. *%$"%( 070"$04$%=RThe juugment of annulment may incluue the awaiu of
uamages, attoiney's fees anu othei ielief.
If the questioneu juugment oi final oiuei oi iesolution hau alieauy been
executeu, the couit may issue such oiueis of iestitution oi othei ielief as justice anu
equity may waiiant unuei the ciicumstances. (n)
SEC. 1u. H..+$9%.# '( B+869%.#, '2 (".0$ '28%2, '( A+."1"30$ !2"0$ 5'+2#,=RAn
action to annul a juugment oi final oiuei of a Nunicipal Tiial Couit shall be fileu in
the Regional Tiial Couit having juiisuiction ovei the foimei. It shall be tieateu as an
oiuinaiy civil action anu sections 2, S, 4, 7, 8 anu 9 of this Rule shall be applicable
1uu
theieto. (n)
!"#$ 6<
*!$#-8-()!1 2+(4$!$(2$
SECTI0N 1. D2%$"9".02; 1'.(%2%.1%=RAt any time uuiing the penuency of a
case, the couit may call the paities anu theii counsel to a pieliminaiy confeience.
(a) To consiuei the possibility of an amicable settlement, except
when the case is not alloweu by law to be compiomiseu;
(b) To uefine, simplify anu claiify the issues foi ueteimination;
(c) To foimulate stipulations of facts anu aumissions of
uocumentaiy exhibits, limit the numbei of witnesses to be piesenteu in cases
falling within the oiiginal juiisuiction of the couit, oi those within its appellate
juiisuiction wheie a motion foi new tiial is gianteu on the giounu of newly
uiscoveieu eviuence; anu
(u) To take up such othei matteis which may aiu the couit in
the piompt uisposition of the case. (Rule 7, CA Inteinal Rules) (n)
SEC. 2. *%1'28 '( #)% 1'.(%2%.1%=RThe pioceeuings at such confeience shall be
iecoiueu anu, upon the conclusion theieof, a iesolution shall be issueu embouying
all the actions taken theiein, the stipulations anu aumissions maue, anu the issues
uefineu. (n)
SEC. S. Q".8".6 %((%1# '( #)% 2%,+$#, '( #)% 1'.(%2%.1%=RSubject to such
mouifications which may be maue to pievent manifest injustice, the iesolution in
the pieceuing section shall contiol the subsequent pioceeuings in the case unless,
within five (S) uays fiom notice theieof, any paity shall satisfactoiily show valiu
cause why the same shoulu not be followeu. (n)


1u1
!"#$ 6=
+!)# )!'"8$(/
SECTI0N 1. C)%. 0$$'/%8=RAt its own instance oi upon motion of a paity, the
couit may heai the paities in oial aigument on the meiits of a case, oi on any
mateiial inciuent in connection theiewith. (n)
The oial aigument shall be limiteu to such matteis as the couit may specify in
its oiuei of iesolution. (1a, R48)
SEC. 2. 5'.8+1# '( '20$ 026+9%.#R0nless authoiizeu by the couit, only one
counsel may aigue foi a paity. The uuiation alloweu foi each paity, the sequence of
the aigumentation, anu all othei ielateu matteis shall be as uiiecteu by the couit.
(n)
SEC. S. E' )%02".6 '2 '20$ 026+9%.# ('2 9'#"'.,=RNotions shall not be set foi
heaiing anu, unless the couit otheiwise uiiects, no heaiing oi oial aigument shall be
alloweu in suppoit theieof. The auveise paity may file objections to the motion
within five (S) uays fiom seivice, upon the expiiation of which such motion shall be
ueemeu submitteu foi iesolution. (2a, R49)


!"#$ 7>
0-.8-..)# +4 )**$)#
SECTI0N 1. M2'+.8, ('2 8",9",,0$ '( 033%0$RAn appeal may be uismisseu by
the Couit of Appeals, on its own motion oi on that of the appellee, on the following
giounus:
(a) Failuie of the iecoiu on appeal to show on its face that the
appeal was taken within the peiiou fixeu by these Rules;
(b) Failuie to file the notice of appeal oi the iecoiu on appeal
within the peiiou piesciibeu by these Rules;
(c) Failuie of the appellant to pay the uocket anu othei lawful
1u2
fees as pioviueu in section 4 of Rule 41;
(u) 0nauthoiizeu alteiations, omissions oi auuitions in the
appioveu iecoiu on appeal as pioviueu in section 4 of Rule 44;
(e) Failuie of the appellant to seive anu file the iequiieu
numbei of copies of his biief oi memoianuum within the time pioviueu by
these Rules;
(f) Absence of specific assignment of eiiois in the appellant's
biief, oi of page iefeiences to the iecoiu as iequiieu in section 1S, paiagiaphs
(a), (c), (u) anu (f) of Rule 44;
(g) Failuie of the appellant to take the necessaiy steps foi the
coiiection oi completion of the iecoiu within the time limiteu by the couit in
its oiuei;
(h) Failuie of the appellant to appeai at the pieliminaiy
confeience unuei Rule 48 oi to comply with oiueis, ciiculais, oi uiiectives of
the couit without justifiable cause; anu
(i) The fact that oiuei oi juugment appealeu fiom is not
appealable. (1a)
SEC. 2. K",9",,0$ '( "932'3%2 033%0$ #' #)% 5'+2# '( H33%0$,=RAn appeal unuei
Rule 41 taken fiom the Regional Tiial Couit to the Couit of Appeals iaising only
questions of law shall be uismisseu, issues puiely of law not being ieviewable by
saiu couit. Similaily, an appeal by notice of appeal insteau of by petition foi ieview
fiom the appellate juugment of a Regional Tiial Couit shall be uismisseu. (n)
An appeal eiioneously taken to the Couit of Appeals shall not be tiansfeiieu to
the appiopiiate couit but shall be uismisseu outiight. (Sa)
SEC. S. C"#)820/0$ '( 033%0$=RAn appeal may be with-uiawn as of iight at any
time befoie the filing of the appellee's biief. Theieaftei, the withuiawal may be
alloweu in the uiscietion of the couit. (4a)





1uS
!"#$ 7&
D"0'8$(/
SECTI0N 1. C)%. 10,% 8%%9%8 ,+49"##%8 ('2 B+869%.#=RA case shall be
ueemeu submitteu foi juugment:
A. In oiuinaiy appeals.
1) Wheie no heaiing on the meiits of the main case is helu, upon the
filing of the last pleauing, biief, oi memoianuum iequiieu by the Rules oi
by the couit itself, oi the expiiation of the peiiou foi its filing.
2) Wheie such a heaiing is helu, upon its teimination oi upon the
filing of the last pleauing oi memoianuum as may be iequiieu oi
peimitteu to be fileu by the couit, oi the expiiation of the peiiou foi its
filing.
B. In oiiginal actions anu petitions foi ieview.
1) Wheie no comment is fileu, upon the expiiation of the peiiou to
comment.
2) Wheie no heaiing is helu, upon the filing of the last pleauing
iequiieu oi peimitteu to be fileu by the couit, oi the expiiation of the
peiiou foi its filing.
S) Wheie a heaiing on the meiits of the main case is helu, upon its
teimination oi upon the filing of the last pleauing oi memoianuum as may
be iequiieu oi peimitteu to be fileu by the couit, oi the expiiation of the
peiiou foi its filing. (n)
SEC. 2. Q; /)'9 2%.8%2%8=RThe juugment shall be ienueieu by the membeis
of the couit who paiticipateu in the uelibeiation on the meiits of the case befoie its
assignment to a membei foi the wiiting of the uecision. (n)
SEC. S. X+'2+9 0.8 7'#".6 ". #)% 1'+2#RThe paiticipation of all thiee }ustices
of a uivision shall be necessaiy at the uelibeiation anu the unanimous vote of the
thiee }ustices shall be iequiieu foi the pionouncement of a juugment oi final
iesolution. If the thiee }ustices uo not ieach a unanimous vote, the cleik shall entei
the votes of the uissenting }ustices in the iecoiu. Theieaftei, the Chaiiman of the
uivision shall iefei the case, togethei with the minutes of the uelibeiation, to the
1u4
Piesiuing }ustice who shall uesignate two }ustices chosen by iaffle fiom among all
the othei membeis of the couit to sit tempoiaiily with them, foiming a special
uivision of five }ustices. The paiticipation of all the five membeis of the special
uivision shall be necessaiy foi the uelibeiation iequiieu in section 2 of this Rule anu
the concuiience of a majoiity of such uivision shall be iequiieu foi the
pionouncement of a juugment oi final iesolution. (2a)
SEC. [= K",3',"#"'. '( 0 10,%=RThe Couit of Appeals, in the exeicise of its
appellate juiisuiction, may affiim, ieveise, oi mouify the juugment oi final oiuei
appealeu fiom, anu may uiiect a new tiial oi fuithei pioceeuings to be hau. (Sa)
SEC. S. T'29 '( 8%1","'.=REveiy uecision oi final iesolu-tion of the couit in
appealeu cases shall cleaily anu uistinctly state the finuings of fact anu the
conclusions of law on which it is baseu, which may be containeu in the uecision oi
final iesolution itself, oi auopteu fiom those set foith in the uecision, oiuei, oi
iesolution appealeu fiom. (Sec. 4u, BP Blg. 129) (n)
SEC. 6. S029$%,, %22'2=RNo eiioi in eithei the aumission oi the exclusion of
eviuence anu no eiioi oi uefect in any iuling oi oiuei oi in anything uone oi
omitteu by the tiial couit oi by any of the paities is giounu foi gianting a new tiial
oi foi setting asiue, mouifying, oi otheiwise uistuibing a juugment oi oiuei, unless
iefusal to take such action appeais to the couit inconsistent with substantial
justice. The couit at eveiy stage of the pioceeuing must uisiegaiu any eiioi oi
uefect which uoes not affect the substantial iights of the paities. (Sa)
SEC. 7. @+869%.# /)%2% #)%2% 02% ,%7%20$ 302#"%,=RIn all actions oi pioceeuings,
an appealeu juugment may be affiimeu as to some of the appellants, anu ieveiseu as
to otheis, anu the case shall theieaftei be pioceeueu with, so fai as necessaiy, as if
sepaiate actions hau been begun anu piosecuteu; anu execution of the juugment of
affiimance may be hau accoiuingly, anu costs may be aujuugeu in such cases, as the
couit shall ueem piopei. (6)
SEC. 8. X+%,#"'., #)0# 90; 4% 8%1"8%8=RNo eiioi which uoes not affect the
juiisuiction ovei the subject mattei oi the valiuity of the juugment appealeu fiom oi
the pioceeuings theiein will be consiueieu unless stateu in the assignment of eiiois,
oi closely ielateu to oi uepenuent on an assigneu eiioi anu piopeily aigueu in the
biief, save as the couit may pass upon plain eiiois anu cleiical eiiois. (7a)
SEC. 9. D2'9+$60#"'. 0.8 .'#"1% '( B+869%.#=RAftei the juugment oi final
iesolution anu uissenting oi sepaiate opinions, if any, aie signeu by the }ustices
taking pait, they shall be ueliveieu foi filing to the cleik who shall inuicate theieon
the uate of piomulgation anu cause tiue copies theieof to be seiveu upon the paities
1uS
oi theii counsel. (n)
SEC. 1u. J.#2; '( B+869%.#, 0.8 (".0$ 2%,'$+#"'.,=RIf no appeal oi motion foi
new tiial oi ieconsiueiation is fileu within the time pioviueu in these Rules, the
juugment oi final iesolution shall foithwith be enteieu by the cleik in the book of
entiies of juugments. The uate when the juugment oi final iesolution becomes
executoiy shall be ueemeu as the uate of its entiy. The iecoiu shall contain the
uispositive pait of the juugment oi final iesolution anu shall be signeu by the cleik,
with a ceitificate that such juugment oi final iesolution has become final anu
executoiy. (2a, RS6)
SEC. 11. JL%1+#"'. of juugment. Except wheie the juugment oi final oiuei oi
iesolution, oi a poition theieof, is oiueieu to be immeuiately executoiy, the motion
foi its execution may only be fileu in the piopei couit aftei its entiy.
In oiiginal actions in the Couit of Appeals, its wiit of execution shall be
accompanieu by a ceitifieu tiue copy of the entiy of juugment oi final iesolution anu
auuiesseu to any appiopiiate officei foi its enfoicement.
In appealeu cases, wheie the motion foi execution penuing appeal is fileu in
the Couit of Appeals at a time that it is in possession of the oiiginal iecoiu oi the
iecoiu on appeal, the iesolution gianting such motion shall be tiansmitteu to the
lowei couit fiom which the case oiiginateu, togethei with a ceitifieu tiue copy of
the juugment oi final oiuei to be executeu, with a uiiective foi such couit of oiigin
to issue the piopei wiit foi its enfoicement. (n)

!"#$ 73
8+/-+( 4+! !$2+(.-0$!)/-+(
SECTI0N 1. D%2"'8 ('2 ("$".6=RA paity may file a motion foi ieconsiueiation of
a juugment oi final iesolution within fifteen (1S) uays fiom notice theieof, with
pioof of seivice on the auveise paity. (n)
SEC. 2. >%1'.8 9'#"'. ('2 2%1'.,"8%20#"'.=RNo seconu motion foi
ieconsiueiation of a juugment oi final iesolution by the same paity shall be
enteitaineu. (n)
1u6
SEC. S. *%,'$+#"'. '( 9'#"'.==RIn the Couit of Appeals, a motion foi
ieconsiueiation shall be iesolveu within ninety (9u) uays fiom, the uate when the
couit ueclaies it submitteu foi iesolution. (n)
SEC. 4. >#0; '( %L%1+#"'.=RThe penuency of a motion foi ieconsiueiation fileu
on time anu by the piopei paity shall stay the execution of the juugment oi final
iesolution sought to be ieconsiueieu unless the couit, foi goou ieasons, shall
otheiwise uiiect. (n)


!"#$ 75
($? /!-)#
SECTI0N 1. D%2"'8 ('2 ("$".6? 62'+.8=RAt any time aftei the appeal fiom the
lowei couit has been peifecteu anu befoie the Couit of Appeals loses juiisuiction
ovei the case, a paity may file a motion foi a new tiial on the giounu of newly
uiscoveieu eviuence which coulu not have been uiscoveieu piioi to the tiial in the
couit below by the exeicise of uue uiligence anu which is of such a chaiactei as
woulu piobably change the iesult. The motion shall be accompanieu by affiuavits
showing the facts constituting the giounus theiefoi anu the newly uiscoveieu
eviuence. (1a)
SEC. 2. S%02".6 0.8 '28%2=RThe Couit of Appeals shall consiuei the new
eviuence togethei with that auuuceu at the tiial below, anu may giant oi iefuse a
new tiial, oi may make such oiuei, with notice to both paities, as to the taking of
fuithei testimony, eithei oially in couit, oi by uepositions, oi ienuei such othei
juugment as ought to be ienueieu upon such teims as it may ueem just. (2a)
SEC. S. *%,'$+#"'. '( 9'#"'.R-. the Couit of Appeals, a motion foi new tiial
shall be iesolveu within ninety (9u) uays fiom the uate when the couit ueclaies it
submitteu foi iesolution. (n)
SEC. 4. D2'1%8+2% ". .%/ #2"0$0nless the couit otheiwise uiiects, the
pioceuuie in the new tiial shall be the same as that gianteu by a Regional Tiial
Couit. (Sa)

1u7
!"#$ 76
-(/$!()# A".-($..
SECTI0N 1. K",#2"4+#"'. '( 10,%, 09'.6 8"7","'.,=RAll the cases of the Couit of
Appeals shall be allotteu among the uiffeient uivisions theieof foi heaiing anu
uecision. The Couit of Appeals, sitting %. 40.1< shall make piopei oiueis oi iules to
govein the allotment of cases among the uiffeient uivisions, the constitution of such
uivisions, the iegulai iotation of }ustices among them, the filing of vacancies
occuiiing theiein, anu othei matteis ielating to the business of the couit; anu such
iules shall continue in foice until iepealeu oi alteieu by it oi by the Supieme Couit.
(1a)
SEC. 2. X+'2+9 '( #)% 1'+2#=RA majoiity of the actual membeis of the couit
shall constitute a quoium foi its sessions %. 40.1= Thiee membeis shall constitute a
quoium foi the sessions of a uivision. The affiimative votes of the majoiity of the
membeis piesent shall be necessaiy to pass a iesolution of the couit %. 40.1= The
affiimative votes of thiee membeis of a uivision shall be necessaiy foi the
pionouncement of a juugment oi final iesolution, which shall be ieacheu in
consultation befoie the wiiting of the opinion by any membei of the uivision. (Sec.
11, fiist pai. of BP Blg. 129, as amenueu by Sec. 6 of E0 SS). (Sa)

!"#$ 77
*"A#-2)/-+( +4 D"0'8$(/. )(0 4-()# !$.+#"/-+(.
SECTI0N 1. D+4$"10#"'.=RThe juugments anu final iesolutions of the couit
shall be publisheu in the 0fficial uazette anu in the Repoits officially authoiizeu by
the couit in the language in which they have been oiiginally wiitten, togethei with
the syllabi theiefoi piepaieu by the iepoitei in consultation with the wiiteis
theieof. Nemoianua of all othei juugments anu final iesolutions not so publisheu
shall be maue by the iepoitei anu publisheu in the 0fficial uazette anu the
authoiizeu iepoits. (1a)
1u8
SEC. 2. D2%3020#"'. '( '3"."'., ('2 3+4$"10#"'.=RThe iepoitei shall piepaie anu
publish with each iepoiteu juugment anu final iesolution a concise synopsis of the
facts necessaiy foi a cleai unueistanuing of the case, the names of counsel, the
mateiial anu contioveiteu points involveu, the authoiities citeu theiein, anu a
syllabus which shall be confineu to points of law. (Sec. 22a, R.A. No. 296) (n)
SEC. S. M%.%20$ 90I%F+3 '( 7'$+9%,=RThe publisheu uecisions anu final
iesolutions of the Supieme Couit shall be calleu "Philippine Repoits," while those of
the Couit of Appeals shall be known as the "Couit of Appeals Repoits." Each volume
theieof shall contain a table of the cases iepoiteu anu the cases citeu in the
opinions, with a complete alphabetical inuex of the subject matteis of the volume. It
shall consist of not less than seven hunuieu, pages piinteu upon goou papei, well
bounu anu numbeieu consecutively in the oiuei of the volumes publisheu. (Sec. 2Sa,
R.A. No. 296) (n)


*!+2$0"!$ -( /@$ ."*!$8$ 2+"!/
!"#$ 79
+!-'-()# )(0 )**$)#$0 2).$.
)B +HIJIKLM 2LNON
SECTI0N 1. :2"6".0$ 10,%, 1'6."U04$%=R0nly petitions foi ceitioiaii,
piohibition, manuamus, quo waiianto, habeas coipus, uisciplinaiy pioceeuings
against membeis of the juuiciaiy anu attoineys, anu cases affecting ambassauois,
othei public ministeis anu consuls may be fileu oiiginally in the Supieme Couit. (n)
SEC. 2. *+$%, 033$"104$%=RThe pioceuuie in oiiginal cases foi ceitioiaii,
piohibition, manuamus, quo waiianto anu habeas coipus shall be in accoiuance
with the applicable piovisions of the Constitution, laws, anu Rules 46, 48, 49, S1, S2
anu this Rule, subject to the following piovisions:
a) All iefeiences in saiu Rules to the Couit of Appeals shall be
unueistoou to also apply to the Supieme Couit;
b) The poitions of saiu Rules uealing stiictly with anu
specifically intenueu foi appealeu cases in the Couit of Appeals shall not be
1u9
applicable; anu
c) Eighteen (18) cleaily legible copies of the petition shall be
fileu, togethei with pioof of seivice on all auveise paities.
The pioceeuings foi uisciplinaiy action against membeis of the juuiciaiy shall
be goveineu by the laws anu Rules piesciibeu theiefoi, anu those against attoineys
by Rule 1S9-B, as amenueu. (n)
AB )PPOLMOQ 2LNON
SEC. S. A'8% '( 033%0$RAn appeal to the Supieme Couit may be taken only by
a petition foi ieview on ceitioiaii, except in ciiminal cases wheie the penalty
imposeu is ueath, 2%1$+,"'. 3%23%#+0 oi life impiisonment. (n)
SEC. 4. D2'1%8+2%=RThe appeal shall be goveineu by anu uisposeu of in
accoiuance with the applicable piovisions of the Constitution, laws, Rules 4S, 48,
sections 1, 2, anu S to 11 of Rule S1, S2 anu this Rule. (n)
SEC. S. M2'+.8, ('2 8",9",,0$ '( 033%0$=RThe appeal may be uismisseu 9'#+
32'32"' oi on motion of the iesponuent on the following giounus:
(a) Failuie to take the appeal within the ieglementaiy peiiou;
(b) Lack of meiit in the petition;
(c) Failuie to pay the iequisite uocket fee anu othei lawful
fees oi to make a ueposit foi costs;
(u) Failuie to comply with the iequiiements iegaiuing pioof of
seivice anu contents of anu the uocuments which shoulu accompany the
petition;
(e) Failuie to comply with any ciiculai, uiiective oi oiuei of the
Supieme Couit without justifiable cause;
(f) Eiioi in the choice oi moue of appeal; anu
(g) The fact that the case is not appealable to the Supieme Couit. (n)
SEC. 6. K",3',"#"'. '( "932'3%2 appeal.Except as pioviueu in section S, Rule
122 iegaiuing appeals in ciiminal cases wheie the penalty imposeu is ueath,
2%1$+,"'. 3%23%#+0 oi life impiisonment, an appeal taken to the Supieme Couit by
notice of appeal shall be uismisseu.
An appeal by ceitioiaii taken to the Supieme Couit fiom the Regional Tiial
11u
Couit submitting issues of fact may be iefeiieu to the Couit of Appeals foi uecision
oi appiopiiate action. The ueteimination of the Supieme Couit on whethei oi not
issues of fact aie involveu shall be final. (n)
SEC. 7. D2'1%8+2% "( '3"."'. ", %V+0$$; 8"7"8%8=RWheie the couit %. 40.1 is
equally uiviueu in opinion, oi the necessaiy majoiity cannot be hau, the case shall
again be uelibeiateu on, anu if aftei such uelibeiation no uecision is ieacheu, the
oiiginal action commenceu in the couit shall be uismisseu; in appealeu cases, the
juugment oi oiuei appealeu fiom shall stanu affiimeu; anu on all inciuental matteis,
the petition oi motion shall be uenieu. (11a)

*!+,-.-+()# !$8$0-$.
!"#$ 7;
*!$#-8-()!1 )//)2@8$(/
SECTI0N 1. M2'+.8, +3'. /)"1) 0##01)9%.# 90; ",,+%=RAt the
commencement of the action oi at any time befoie entiy of juugment, a plaintiff oi
any piopei paity may have the piopeity of the auveise paity attacheu as secuiity
foi the satisfaction of any juugment that may be iecoveieu in the following cases:
(a) In an action foi the iecoveiy of a specifieu amount of money oi
uamages, othei than moial anu exemplaiy, on a cause of action aiising fiom
law, contiact, quasi-contiact, uelict oi quasi-uelict against a paity who is about
to uepait fiom the Philippines with intent to uefiauu his cieuitois;
(b) In an action foi money oi piopeity embezzleu oi fiauuulently
misapplieu oi conveiteu to his own use by a public officei, oi an officei of a
coipoiation, oi an attoiney, factoi, biokei, agent, oi cleik, in the couise of his
employment as such, oi by any othei peison in a fiuuciaiy capacity, oi foi a
willful violation of uuty;
(c) In an action to iecovei the possession of piopeity unjustly oi
fiauuulently taken, uetaineu oi conveiteu, when the piopeity, oi any pait
theieof, has been concealeu, iemoveu, oi uisposeu of to pievent its being
founu oi taken by the applicant oi an authoiizeu peison;
(u) In an action against a paity who has been guilty of a fiauu in
contiacting the uebt oi incuiiing the obligation upon which the action is
111
biought, oi in the peifoimance theieof;
(e) In an action against a paity who has iemoveu oi uisposeu of his
piopeity, oi is about to uo so, with intent to uefiauu his cieuitois; oi
(f) In an action against a paity who uoes not iesiue anu is not founu
in the Philippines, oi on whom summons may be seiveu by publication. (1a)
SEC. 2. -,,+0.1% 0.8 1'.#%.#, '( '28%2=RAn oiuei of attachment may be issueu
eithei %L 302#% oi upon motion with notice anu heaiing by the couit in which the
action is penuing, oi by the Couit of Appeals oi the Supieme Couit, anu must
iequiie the sheiiff of the couit to attach so much of the piopeity in the Philippines
of the paity against whom it is issueu, not exempt fiom execution, as may be
sufficient to satisfy the applicant's uemanu, unless such paity makes ueposit oi
gives a bonu as heieinaftei pioviueu in an amount equal to that fixeu in the oiuei,
which may be the amount sufficient to satisfy the applicant's uemanu oi the value of
the piopeity to be attacheu as stateu by the applicant, exclusive of costs. Seveial
wiits may be issueu at the same time to the sheiiffs of the couits of uiffeient juuicial
iegions. (2a)
SEC. S. H(("807"# 0.8 4'.8 2%V+"2%8=RAn oiuei of attach-ment shall be gianteu
only when it appeais by the affiuavit of the applicant, oi of some othei peison who
peisonally knows the facts, that a sufficient cause of action exists, that the case is
one of those mentioneu in section 1 heieof that theie is no othei sufficient secuiity
foi the claim sought to be enfoiceu by the action, anu that the amount uue to the
applicant, oi the value of the piopeity the possession of which he is entitleu to
iecovei, is as much as the sum foi which the oiuei is gianteu above all legal
counteiclaims. The affiuavit, anu the bonu iequiieu by the next succeeuing section,
must be uuly fileu with the couit befoie the oiuei issues. (Sa)
SEC. 4= 5'.8"#"'. '( 033$"10.#_, 4'.8RThe paity applying foi the oiuei must
theieaftei give a bonu executeu to the auveise paity in the amount fixeu by the
couit in its oiuei gianting the issuance of the wiit, conuitioneu that the lattei will
pay all the costs which may be aujuugeu to the auveise paity anu all uamages which
he may sustain by ieason of the attachment, if the couit shall finally aujuuge that the
applicant was not entitleu theieto. (4a)
SEC. S. A0..%2 '( 0##01)".6 32'3%2#;=RThe sheiiff enfoicing the wiit shall
without uelay anu with all ieasonable uiligence attach, to await juugment anu
execution in the action, only so much of the piopeity in the Philippines of the paity
against whom the wiit is issueu, not exempt fiom execution, as may be sufficient to
satisfy the applicant's uemanu, unless the foimei makes a ueposit with the couit
112
fiom which the wiit is issueu, oi gives a countei-bonu executeu to the applicant, in
an amount equal to the bonu fixeu by the couit in the oiuei of attachment oi to the
value of the piopeity to be attacheu, exclusive of costs. No levy on attachment
puisuant to the wiit issueu unuei section 2 heieof shall be enfoiceu unless it is
pieceueu, oi contempoianeously accompanieu, by seivice of summons, togethei
with a copy of the complaint, the application foi attachment, the applicant's affiuavit
anu bonu, anu the oiuei anu wiit of attachment, on the uefenuant within the
Philippines.
The iequiiement of piioi oi contempoianeous seivice of summons shall not
apply wheie the summons coulu not be seiveu peisonally oi by substituteu seivice
uespite uiligent effoits, oi the uefenuant is a iesiuent of the Philippines tempoiaiily
absent theiefiom, oi the uefenuant is a non-iesiuent of the Philippines, oi the action
is one in 2%9 oi V+0," ". 2%9= (Sa)
SEC. 6. >)%2"((_, 2%#+2.Aftei enfoicing the wiit, the sheiiff must likewise
without uelay make a ietuin theieon to the couit fiom which the wiit issueu, with a
full statement of his pioceeuings unuei the wiit anu a complete inventoiy of the
piopeity attacheu, togethei with any countei-bonu given by the paity against whom
attachment is issueu, anu seive copies theieof on the applicant. (6a)
SEC. 7. H##01)9%.# '( 2%0$ 0.8 3%2,'.0$ 32'3%2#;? 2%1'28".6 theieofReal anu
peisonal piopeity shall be attacheu by the sheiiff executing the wiit in the following
mannei:
(a) Real piopeity, oi giowing ciops theieon, oi any inteiest
theiein, stanuing upon the iecoiu of the iegistiy of ueeus of the piovince in the
name of the paity against whom attachment is issueu, oi not appeaiing at all
upon such iecoius, oi belonging to the paity against whom attachment is
issueu anu helu by any othei peison, oi stanuing on the iecoius of the iegistiy
of ueeus in the name of any othei peison, by filing with the iegistiy of ueeus a
copy of the oiuei, togethei with a uesciiption of the piopeity attacheu, anu a
notice that it is attacheu, oi that such ieal piopeity anu any inteiest theiein
helu by oi stanuing in the name of such othei peison aie attacheu, anu by
leaving a copy of such oiuei, uesciiption, anu notice with the occupant of the
piopeity, if any, oi with such othei peison oi his agent if founu within the
piovince. Wheie the piopeity has been biought unuei the opeiation of eithei
the Lanu Registiation Act oi the Piopeity Registiation Beciee, the notice shall
contain a iefeience to the numbei of the ceitificate of title, the volume anu
page in the iegistiation book wheie the ceitificate is iegisteieu, anu the
iegisteieu ownei oi owneis theieof.
11S
The iegistiai of ueeus must inuex attachments fileu unuei this
section in the names of the applicant, the auveise paity, oi the peison by
whom the piopeity is helu oi in whose name it stanus in the iecoius. If the
attachment is not claimeu on the entiie aiea of the lanu coveieu by the
ceitificate of title, a uesciiption sufficiently accuiate foi the iuentification of
the lanu oi inteiest to be affecteu shall be incluueu in the iegistiation of such
attachment;
(b) Peisonal piopeity capable of manual ueliveiy, by taking anu
safely keeping it in his custouy, aftei issuing the coiiesponuing ieceipt
theiefoi;
(c) Stocks oi shaies, oi an inteiest in stocks oi shaies, of any
coipoiation oi company, by leaving with the piesiuent oi managing agent
theieof, a copy of the wiit, anu a notice stating that the stock oi inteiest of the
paity against whom the attachment is issueu is attacheu in puisuance of such
wiit;
(u) Bebts anu cieuits, incluuing bank ueposits, financial
inteiest, ioyalties, commissions anu othei peisonal piopeity not capable of
manual ueliveiy, by leaving with the peison owing such uebts, oi having in his
possession oi unuei his contiol, such cieuits oi othei peisonal piopeity, oi
with his agent, a copy of the wiit, anu notice that the uebts owing by him to the
paity against whom attachment is issueu, anu the cieuits anu othei peisonal
piopeity in his possession, oi unuei his contiol, belonging to saiu paity, aie
attacheu in puisuance of such wiit;
(e) The inteiest of the paity against whom attachment is issueu
in piopeity belonging to the estate of the ueceuent, whethei as heii, legatee, oi
uevisee, by seiving the executoi oi auministiatoi oi othei peisonal
iepiesentative of the ueceuent with a copy of the wiit anu notice that saiu
inteiest is attacheu. A copy of saiu wiit of attachment anu of saiu notice shall
also be fileu in the office of the cleik of the couit in which saiu estate is being
settleu anu seiveu upon the heii, legatee oi uevisee conceineu.
If the piopeity sought to be attacheu is in custouia legis, a copy of the wiit of
attachment shall be fileu with the piopei couit oi quasi-juuicial agency, anu notice
of the attachment seiveu upon the custouian of such piopeity. (7a)
SEC. 8. J((%1# '( 0##01)9%.# '( 8%4#,< 12%8"#, 0.8 0$$ '#)%2 ,"9"$02 3%2,'.0$
32'3%2#;=RAll peisons having in theii possession oi unuei theii contiol any cieuits
oi othei similai peisonal piopeity belonging to the paity against whom attachment
114
is issueu, oi owing any uebts to him, at the time of seivice upon them of the copy of
the wiit of attachment anu notice as pioviueu in the last pieceuing section, shall be
liable to the applicant foi the amount of such cieuits, uebts oi othei similai peisonal
piopeity, until the attachment is uischaigeu, oi any juugment iecoveieu by him is
satisfieu, unless such piopeity is ueliveieu oi tiansfeiieu, oi such uebts aie paiu, to
the cleik, sheiiff, oi othei piopei officei of the couit issuing the attachment. (8a)
SEC. 9. J((%1# of 0##01)9%.# '( ".#%2%,# ". 32'3%2#; 4%$'.6".6 #' #)% %,#0#% '( 0
ueceuentThe attachment of the inteiest of an heii, legatee, oi uevisee in the
piopeity belonging to the estate of a ueceuent shall not impaii the poweis of the
executoi, auministiatoi, oi othei peisonal iepiesentative of the ueceuent ovei such
piopeity foi the puipose of auministiation. Such peisonal iepiesentative, howevei,
shall iepoit the attachment to the couit when any petition foi uistiibution is fileu,
anu in the oiuei maue upon such petition, uistiibution may be awaiueu to such heii,
legatee, oi uevisee, but the piopeity attacheu shall be oiueieu ueliveieu to the
sheiiff making the levy, subject to the claim of such heii, legatee, oi uevisee, oi any
peison claiming unuei him. (9a)
SEC. 1u. JL09".0#"'. '( 302#; /)',% 32'3%2#; ", 0##01)%8 0.8 3%2,'., ".8%4#%8
#' )"9 '2 1'.#2'$$".6 )", 32'3%2#;? 8%$"7%2; '( 32'3%2#; #' ,)%2"((.Any peison owing
uebts to the paity whose piopeity is attacheu oi having in his possession oi unuei
his contiol any cieuit oi othei peisonal piopeity belonging to such paity, may be
iequiieu to attenu befoie the couit in which the action is penuing, oi befoie a
commissionei appointeu by the couit, anu be examineu on oath iespecting the
same. The paity whose piopeity is attacheu may also be iequiieu to attenu foi the
puipose of giving infoimation iespecting his piopeity, anu may be examineu on
oath. The couit may, aftei such examination, oiuei peisonal piopeity capable of
manual ueliveiy belonging to him, in the possession of the peison so iequiieu to
attenu befoie the couit, to be ueliveieu to the cleik of the couit oi sheiiff on such
teims as may be just, having iefeience to any lien theieon oi claim against the same,
to await the juugment in the action. (1ua)
SEC. 11. C)%. 0##01)%8 32'3%2#; 90; 4% ,'$8 0(#%2 $%7; '. 0##01)9%.# 0.8
4%('2% %.#2; '( B+869%.#RWhenevei it shall be maue to appeai to the couit in which
the action is penuing, upon heaiing with notice to both paities, that the piopeity
attacheu is peiishable, oi that the inteiests of all the paities to the action will be
subseiveu by the sale theieof, the couit may oiuei such piopeity to be solu at public
auction in such mannei as it may uiiect, anu the pioceeus of such sale to be
uepositeu in couit to abiue the juugment in the action. (11a)
SEC. 12. K",1)026% '( 0##01)9%.# +3'. 6"7".6 1'+.#%2F4'.8=RAftei a wiit of
11S
attachment has been enfoiceu, the paity whose piopeity has been attacheu, oi the
peison appeaiing on his behalf, may move foi the uischaige of the attachment
wholly oi in pait on the secuiity given. The couit shall, aftei uue notice anu heaiing,
oiuei the uischaige of the attachment if the movant makes a cash ueposit, oi files a
countei-bonu executeu to the attaching paity with the cleik of the couit wheie the
application is maue, in an amount equal to that fixeu by the couit in the oiuei of
attachment, exclusive of costs. But if the attachment is sought to be uischaigeu with
iespect to a paiticulai piopeity, the countei-bonu shall be equal to the value of that
piopeity as ueteimineu by the couit. In eithei case, the cash ueposit oi the countei-
bonu shall secuie the payment of any juugment that the attaching paity may iecovei
in the action. A notice of the ueposit shall foithwith be seiveu on the attaching
paity. 0pon the uischaige of an attachment in accoiuance with the piovisions of
this section, the piopeity attacheu, oi the pioceeus of any sale theieof, shall be
ueliveieu to the paity making the ueposit oi giving the countei-bonu, oi to the
peison appeaiing on his behalf, the ueposit oi countei-bonu afoiesaiu stanuing in
place of the piopeity so ieleaseu. Shoulu such countei-bonu foi any ieason be founu
to be oi become insufficient, anu the paity fuinishing the same fail to file an
auuitional countei-bonu, the attaching paity may apply foi a new oiuei of
attachment. (12a)
SEC. 1S. K",1)026% '( 0##01)9%.# '. '#)%2 62'+.8,=RThe paity whose piopeity
has been oiueieu attacheu may file a motion with the couit in which the action is
penuing, befoie oi aftei levy oi even aftei the ielease of the attacheu piopeity, foi
an oiuei to set asiue oi uischaige the attachment on the giounu that the same was
impiopeily oi iiiegulaily issueu oi enfoiceu, oi that the bonu is insufficient. If the
attachment is excessive, the uischaige shall be limiteu to the excess. If the motion
be maue on affiuavits on the pait of the movant but not otheiwise, the attaching
paity may oppose the motion by countei-affiuavits oi othei eviuence in auuition to
that on which the attachment was maue. Aftei uue notice anu heaiing, the couit
shall oiuei the setting asiue oi the coiiesponuing uischaige of the attachment if it
appeais that it was impiopeily oi iiiegulaily issueu oi enfoiceu, oi that the bonu is
insufficient, oi that the attachment is excessive, anu the uefect is not cuieu
foithwith. (1Sa)
SEC. 14. D2'1%%8".6, wheie 32'3%2#; 1$0"9%8 4; #)"28 3%2,'.=RIf the piopeity
attacheu is claimeu by any peison othei than the paity against whom attachment
hau been issueu oi his agent, anu such peison makes an affiuavit of his title theieto,
oi iight to the possession theieof, stating the giounus of such iight oi title, anu
seives such affiuavit upon the sheiiff while the lattei has possession of the attacheu
piopeity, anu a copy theieof upon the attaching paity, the sheiiff shall not be bounu
to keep the piopeity unuei attachment, unless the attaching paity oi his agent, on
116
uemanu of the sheiiff, shall file a bonu appioveu by the couit to inuemnify the thiiu-
paity claimant in a sum not less than the value of the piopeity levieu upon. In case
of uisagieement as to such value, the same shall be ueciueu by the couit issuing the
wiit of attachment. No claim foi uamages foi the taking oi keeping of the piopeity
may be enfoiceu against the bonu unless the action theiefoi is fileu within one
hunuieu twenty (12u) uays fiom the uate of the filing of the bonu.
The sheiiff shall not be liable foi uamages foi the taking oi keeping of such
piopeity, to any such thiiu-paity claimant, if such bonu shall be fileu. Nothing
heiein containeu shall pievent such claimant oi any thiiu peison fiom vinuicating
his claim to the piopeity, oi pievent the attaching paity fiom claiming uamages
against a thiiu-paity claimant who fileu a fiivolous oi plainly spuiious claim, in the
same oi a sepaiate action.
When the wiit of attachment is issueu in favoi of the Republic of the
Philippines, oi any officei uuly iepiesenting it, the filing of such bonu shall not be
iequiieu, anu in case the sheiiff is sueu foi uamages as a iesult of the attachment, he
shall be iepiesenteu by the Solicitoi ueneial, anu if helu liable theiefoi, the actual
uamages aujuugeu by the couit shall be paiu by the National Tieasuiei out of the
funus to be appiopiiateu foi the puipose. (14a)
SEC. 1S. >0#",(01#"'. '( B+869%.# '+# '( 32'3%2#; 0##01)%8? 2%#+2. '( sheiiff If
juugment be iecoveieu by the attaching paity anu execution issue theieon, the
sheiiff may cause the juugment to be satisfieu out of the piopeity attacheu, if it be
sufficient foi that puipose in the following mannei:
(a) By paying to the juugment obligee the pioceeus of all sales
of peiishable oi othei piopeity solu in puisuance of the oiuei of the couit, oi
so much as shall be necessaiy to satisfy the juugment;
(b) If any balance iemains uue, by selling so much of the
piopeity, ieal oi peisonal, as may be necessaiy to satisfy the balance, if
enough foi that puipose iemain in the sheiiff's hanus, oi in those of the cleik
of the couit;
(c) By collecting fiom all peisons having in theii
possession cieuits belonging to the juugment obligoi, oi owing uebts to the
lattei at the time of the attachment of such cieuits oi uebts, the amount of such
cieuits anu uebts as ueteimineu by the couit in the action, anu stateu in the
juugment, anu paying the pioceeus of such collection ovei to the juugment
obligee.
The sheiiff shall foithwith make a ietuin in wiiting to the couit of his
117
pioceeuings unuei this section anu fuinish the paities with copies theieof. (1Sa)
SEC. 16. Q0$0.1% 8+% 1'$$%1#%8 +3'. 0. %L%1+#"'.? %L1%,, 8%$"7%2%8 #' B+869%.#
'4$"6'2=RIf aftei iealizing upon all the piopeity attacheu, incluuing the pioceeus of
any uebts oi cieuits collecteu, anu applying the pioceeus to the satisfaction of the
juugment, less the expenses of pioceeuings upon the juugment, any balance shall
iemain uue, the sheiiff must pioceeu to collect such balance as upon oiuinaiy
execution. Whenevei the juugment shall have been paiu, the sheiiff, upon
ieasonable uemanu, must ietuin to the juugment obligoi the attacheu piopeity
iemaining in his hanus, anu any pioceeus of the sale of the piopeity attacheu not
applieu to the juugment. (16a)
SEC. 17. *%1'7%2; +3'. #)% 1'+.#%2F4'.8=RWhen the juugment has become
executoiy, the suiety oi suieties on any countei-bonu given puisuant to the
piovisions of this Rule to secuie the payment of the juugment shall become chaigeu
on such countei-bonu anu bounu to pay the juugment obligee upon uemanu the
amount uue unuei the juugment, which amount may be iecoveieu fiom such suiety
oi suieties aftei notice anu summaiy heaiing in the same action. (17a)
SEC. 18. K",3',"#"'. '( 9'.%; 8%3',"#%8=RWheie the paity against whom
attachment hau been issueu has uepositeu money insteau of giving countei-bonu, it
shall be applieu unuei the uiiection of the couit to the satisfaction of any juugment
ienueieu in favoi of the attaching paity, anu aftei satisfying the juugment the
balance shall be iefunueu to the uepositoi oi his assignee. If the juugment is in favoi
of the paity against whom attachment was issueu, the whole sum uepositeu must be
iefunueu to him oi his assignee. (18a)
SEC. 19. K",3',"#"'. '( 0##01)%8 32'3%2#; /)%2% B+869%.# ", ('2 302#; 060".,#
/)'9 0##01)9%.# /0, ",,+%8=RIf juugment be ienueieu against the attaching paity,
all the pioceeus of sales anu money collecteu oi ieceiveu by the sheiiff, unuei the
oiuei of attachment, anu all piopeity attacheu iemaining in any such officei's
hanus, shall be ueliveieu to the paity against whom attachment was issueu, anu the
oiuei of attachment uischaigeu. (19a)
SEC. 2u. 5$0"9 ('2 80906%, '. account '( "932'3%2< "22%6+$02 '2 %L1%,,"7%
0##01)9%.#=RAn application foi uamages on account of impiopei, iiiegulai oi
excessive attachment must be fileu befoie the tiial oi befoie appeal is peifecteu oi
befoie the juugment becomes executoiy, with uue notice to the attaching paity anu
his suiety oi suieties, setting foith the facts showing his iight to uamages anu the
amount theieof. Such uamages may be awaiueu only aftei piopei heaiing anu shall
be incluueu in the juugment on the main case.
118
If the juugment of the appellate couit be favoiable to the paity against whom
the attachment was issueu, he must claim uamages sustaineu uuiing the penuency
of the appeal by filing an application in the appellate couit, with notice to the paity
in whose favoi the attachment was issueu oi his suiety oi suieties, befoie the
juugment of the appellate couit becomes executoiy. The appellate couit may allow
the application to be heaiu anu ueciueu by the tiial couit.
Nothing heiein containeu shall pievent the paity against whom the
attachment was issueu fiom iecoveiing in the same action the uamages awaiueu to
him fiom any piopeity of the attaching paity not exempt fiom execution shoulu the
bonu oi ueposit given by the lattei be insufficient oi fail to fully satisfy the awaiu.
(2ua)

!"#$ 7<
*!$#-8-()!1 -(D"(2/-+(
SECTI0N 1. D2%$"9".02; ".B+.1#"'. 8%(".%8? 1$0,,%,=RA pieliminaiy injunction
is an oiuei gianteu at any stage of an action oi pioceeuing piioi to the juugment oi
final oiuei, iequiiing a paity oi a couit, agency oi a peison to iefiain fiom a
paiticulai act oi acts. It may also iequiie the peifoimance of a paiticulai act oi acts,
in which case it shall be known as a pieliminaiy manuatoiy injunction. (1a)
SEC. 2. C)' 90; 620.# 32%$"9".02; ".B+.1#"'.=RA pieliminaiy injunction may
be gianteu by the couit wheie the action oi pioceeuing is penuing. If the action oi
pioceeuing is penuing in the Couit of Appeals oi in the Supieme Couit, it may be
issueu by saiu couit oi any membei theieof. (2a)
SEC. S. M2'+.8, ('2 ",,+0.1% '( 32%$"9".02; ".B+.1#"'.=RA pieliminaiy
injunction may be gianteu when it is establisheu.
(a) That the applicant is entitleu to the ielief uemanueu, anu the
whole oi pait of such ielief consists in iestiaining the commission oi
continuance of the act oi acts complaineu of, oi in iequiiing the peifoimance
of an act oi acts, eithei foi a limiteu peiiou oi peipetually;
(b) That the commission, continuance oi non-peifoimance of
119
the act oi acts complaineu of uuiing the litigation woulu piobably woik
injustice to the applicant; oi
(c) That a paity, couit, agency oi a peison is uoing,
thieatening, oi is attempting to uo, oi is piocuiing oi suffeiing to be uone,
some act oi acts piobably in violation of the iights of the applicant iespecting
the subject of the action oi pioceeuing, anu tenuing to ienuei the juugment
ineffectual. (Sa)
SEC. 4. N%2"("%8 033$"10#"'. 0.8 4'.8 ('2 32%$"9".02; ".B+.1#"'. '2 #%93'202;
2%,#20".".6 '28%2=RA pieliminaiy injunc-tion oi tempoiaiy iestiaining oiuei may
be gianteu only when;
(a) The application in the action oi pioceeuing is veiifieu, anu
shows facts entitling the applicant to the ielief uemanueu; anu
(b) 0nless exempteu by the couit, the applicant files with the
couit wheie the action oi pioceeuing is penuing, a bonu executeu to the paity
oi peison enjoineu, in an amount to be fixeu by the couit, to the effect that the
applicant will pay to such paity oi peison all uamages which he may sustain by
ieason of the injunction oi tempoiaiy iestiaining oiuei if the couit shoulu
finally ueciue that the applicant was not entitleu theieto. 0pon appioval of the
iequisite bonu, a wiit of pieliminaiy injunction shall be issueu. (4a)
(c) When an application foi a wiit of pieliminaiy
injunction oi a tempoiaiy iestiaining oiuei is incluueu in a complaint oi any
initiatoiy pleauing, the case, if fileu in a multiple-sala couit, shall be iaffleu
only aftei notice to anu in the piesence of the auveise paity oi the peison to
be enjoineu. In any event, such notice shall be pieceueu, oi
contempoianeously accompanieu by seivice of summons, togethei with a copy
of the complaint oi initiatoiy pleauing anu the applicant's affiuavit anu bonu,
upon the auveise paity in the Philippines.
Bowevei, wheie the summons coulu not be seiveu peisonally oi by
substituteu seivice uespite uiligent effoits, oi the auveise paity is a iesiuent of
the Philippines tempoiaiily absent theiefiom oi is a noniesiuent theieof, the
iequiiement of piioi oi contem-poianeous seivice of summons shall not
apply.
(u) The application foi a tempoiaiy iestiaining oiuei shall
theieaftei be acteu upon only aftei all paities aie heaiu in a summaiy heaiing
which shall be conuucteu within twenty-foui (24) houis aftei the sheiiff's
ietuin of seivice anuoi the iecoius aie ieceiveu by the bianch selecteu by
12u
iaffle anu to which the iecoius shall be tiansmitteu immeuiately.
SEC. S. D2%$"9".02; ".B+.1#"'. .'# 620.#%8 /"#)'+# .'#"1%? %L1%3#"'.=RNo
pieliminaiy injunction shall be gianteu without heaiing anu piioi notice to the
paity oi peison sought to be enjoineu. If it shall appeai fiom facts shown by
affiuavits oi by the veiifieu application that gieat oi iiiepaiable injuiy woulu iesult
to the applicant befoie the mattei can be heaiu on notice, the couit to which the
application foi pieliminaiy injunction was maue, may issue %L 302#% a tempoiaiy
iestiaining oiuei to be effective only foi a peiiou of twenty (2u) uays fiom seivice
on the paity oi peison sought to be enjoineu, except as heiein pioviueu. Within the
saiu twenty-uay peiiou, the couit must oiuei saiu paity oi peison to show cause, at
a specifieu time anu place, why the injunction shoulu not be gianteu, ueteimine
within the same peiiou whethei oi not the pieliminaiy injunction shall be gianteu,
anu accoiuingly issue the coiiesponuing oiuei.
Bowevei, anu subject to the piovisions of the pieceuing sections, if the mattei
is of extieme uigency anu the applicant will suffei giave injustice anu iiiepaiable
injuiy, the executive juuge of a multiple-sala couit oi the piesiuing juuge of a single-
sala couit may issue ex 302#% a tempoiaiy iestiaining oiuei effective foi only
seventy-two (72) houis fiom issuance but he shall immeuiately comply with the
piovisions of the next pieceuing section as to seivice of summons anu the
uocuments to be seiveu theiewith. Theieaftei, within the afoiesaiu seventy-two
(72) houis, the juuge befoie whom the case is penuing shall conuuct a summaiy
heaiing to ueteimine whethei the tempoiaiy iestiaining oiuei shall be extenueu
until the application foi pieliminaiy injunction can be heaiu. In no case shall the
total peiiou of effectivity of the tempoiaiy iestiaining oiuei exceeu twenty (2u)
uays, incluuing the oiiginal seventy-two houis pioviueu heiein.
In the event that the application foi pieliminaiy injunction is uenieu oi not
iesolveu within the saiu peiiou, the tempoiaiy iestiaining oiuei is ueemeu
automatically vacateu. The effectivity of a tempoiaiy iestiaining oiuei is not
extenuible without neeu of any juuicial ueclaiation to that effect anu no couit shall
have authoiity to extenu oi ienew the same on the same giounu foi which it was
issueu.
Bowevei, if issueu by the Couit of Appeals oi a membei theieof, the tempoiaiy
iestiaining oiuei shall be effective foi sixty (6u) uays fiom seivice on the paity oi
peison sought to be enjoineu. A iestiaining oiuei issueu by the Supieme Couit oi a
membei theieof shall be effective until fuithei oiueis. (Sa)
SEC. 6. M2'+.8, ('2 '4B%1#"'. #'< '2 ('2 9'#"'. '( 8",,'$+#"'. '(< ".B+.1#"'. '2
2%,#20".".6 oiueiThe application foi injunction oi iestiaining oiuei may be
121
uenieu, upon a showing of its insufficiency. The injunction oi iestiaining oiuei may
also be uenieu, oi, if gianteu, may be uissolveu, on othei giounus upon affiuavits of
the paity oi peison enjoineu, which may be opposeu by the applicant also by
affiuavits. It may fuithei be uenieu, oi, if gianteu, may be uissolveu, if it appeais
aftei heaiing that although the applicant is entitleu to the injunction oi iestiaining
oiuei, the issuance oi continuance theieof, as the case may be, woulu cause
iiiepaiable uamage to the paity oi peison enjoineu while the applicant can be fully
compensateu foi such uamages as he may suffei, anu the foimei files a bonu in an
amount fixeu by the couit conuitioneu that he will pay all uamages which the
applicant may suffei by the uenial oi the uissolution of the injunction oi iestiaining
oiuei. If it appeais that the extent of the pieliminaiy injunction oi iestiaining oiuei
gianteu is too gieat, it may be mouifieu. (6a)
SEC. 7. >%27"1% '( 1'3"%, '( 4'.8,? %((%1# '( 8",0332'70$ '( ,09%=RThe paity filing
a bonu in accoiuance with the piovisions of this Rule shall foithwith seive a copy of
such bonu on the othei paity, who may except to the sufficiency of the bonu, oi of
the suiety oi suieties theieon. If the applicant's bonu is founu to be insufficient in
amount, oi if the suiety oi suieties theieon fail to justify, anu a bonu sufficient in
amount with sufficient suieties appioveu aftei justification is not fileu foithwith, the
injunction shall be uissolveu. If the bonu of the auveise paity is founu to be
insufficient in amount, oi the suiety oi suieties theieon fail to justify a bonu
sufficient in amount with sufficient suieties appioveu aftei justification is not fileu
foithwith, the injunction shall be gianteu oi iestoieu, as the case may be. (8a)
SEC. 8. @+869%.# #' ".1$+8% 80906%, 060".,# 302#; 0.8 ,+2%#"%,=RAt the tiial,
the amount of uamages to be awaiueu to eithei paity, upon the bonu of the auveise
paity, shall be claimeu, asceitaineu, anu awaiueu unuei the same pioceuuie
piesciibeu in section 2u of Rule S7. (9a)
SEC. 9. C)%. (".0$ ".B+.1#"'. 620.#%8=RIf aftei the tiial of the action it appeais
that the applicant is entitleu to have the act oi acts complaineu of peimanently
enjoineu, the couit shall giant a final injunction peipetually iestiaining the paity oi
peison enjoineu fiom the commission oi continuance of the act oi acts oi
confiiming the pieliminaiy manuatoiy injunction. (1ua)
!"#$ 7=
!$2$-,$!.@-*
SECTI0N 1. H33'".#9%.# '( ieceivei.0pon a veiifieu application, one oi moie
122
ieceiveis of the piopeity subject of the action oi pioceeuing may be appointeu by
the couit wheie the action is penuing, oi by the Couit of Appeals oi by the Supieme
Couit, oi a membei theieof, in the following cases:
(a) When it appeais fiom the veiifieu application, anu such
othei pioof as the couit may iequiie, that the paity applying foi the
appointment of a ieceivei has an inteiest in the piopeity oi funu which is the
subject of the action oi pioceeuing, anu that such piopeity oi funu is in uangei
of being lost, iemoveu, oi mateiially injuieu unless a ieceivei be appointeu to
auministei anu pieseive it;
(b) When it appeais in an action by the moitgagee foi the
foieclosuie of a moitgage that the piopeity is in uangei of being wasteu oi
uissipateu oi mateiially injuieu, anu that its value is piobably insufficient to
uischaige the moitgage uebt, oi that the paities have so stipulateu in the
contiact of moitgage;
(c) Aftei juugment, to pieseive the piopeity uuiing the
penuency of an appeal, oi to uispose of it accoiuing to the juug-ment, oi to aiu
execution when the execution has been ietuineu unsatisfieu oi the juugment
obligoi iefuses to apply his piopeity in satisfaction of the juugment, oi
otheiwise to caiiy the juugment into effect;
(u) Whenevei in othei cases it appeais that the appointment of
a ieceivei is the most convenient anu feasible means of pieseiving,
auministeiing, oi uisposing of the piopeity in litigation.
Buiing the penuency of an appeal, the appellate couit may allow an application
foi the appointment of a ieceivei to be fileu in anu ueciueu by the couit of oiigin
anu the ieceivei appointeu to be subject to the contiol of saiu couit. (1a)
SEC. 2. Q'.8 '. 033'".#9%.# '( 2%1%"7%2.Befoie issuing the oiuei appointing
a ieceivei the couit shall iequiie the applicant to file a bonu executeu to the paity
against whom the application is piesenteu, in an amount to be fixeu by the couit, to
the effect that the applicant will pay such paity all uamages he may sustain by
ieason of the appointment of such ieceivei in case the applicant shall have piocuieu
such appointment without sufficient cause; anu the couit may, in its uiscietion, at
any time aftei the appointment, iequiie an auuitional bonu as fuithei secuiity foi
such uamages. (Sa)
SEC. S. K%."0$ '( 033$"10#"'. '2 8",1)026% '( 2%1%"7%2=RThe application may be
uenieu, oi the ieceivei uischaigeu, when the auveise paity files a bonu executeu to
the applicant, in an amount to be fixeu by the couit, to the effect that such paity will
12S
pay the applicant all uamages he may suffei by ieason of the acts, omissions, oi
othei matteis specifieu in the application as giounu foi such appointment. The
ieceivei may also be uischaigeu if it is shown that his appointment was obtaineu
without sufficient cause. (4a)
SEC. [= :0#) 0.8 4'.8 '( ieceivei.Befoie enteiing upon his uuties, the
ieceivei shall be swoin to peifoim them faithfully, anu shall file a bonu, executeu to
such peison anu in such sum as the couit may uiiect, to the effect that he will
faithfully uischaige his uuties in the action oi pioceeuing anu obey the oiueis of the
couit. (Sa)
SEC. S. >%27"1% '( 1'3"%, '( 4'.8,? %((%1# '( 8",0332'70$ '( ,09%.The peison
filing a bonu in accoiuance with the piovisions of this Rule shall foithwith seive a
copy theieof on each inteiesteu paity, who may except to its sufficiency oi of the
suiety oi suieties theieon. If eithei the applicant's oi the ieceivei's bonu is founu to
be insufficient in amount, oi if the suiety oi suieties theieon fail to justify, anu a
bonu sufficient in amount with sufficient suieties appioveu aftei justification is not
fileu foithwith, the application shall be uenieu oi the ieceivei uischaigeu, as the
case may be. If the bonu of the auveise paity is founu to be insufficient in amount oi
the suiety oi suieties theieon fail to justify, anu a bonu sufficient in amount with
sufficient suieties appioveu aftei justification is not fileu foithwith, the ieceivei
shall be appointeu oi ie-appointeu, as the case may be. (6a)
SEC. 6. M%.%20$ 3'/%2, '( 2%1%"7%2=RSubject to the contiol of the couit in which
the action oi pioceeuing is penuing, a ieceivei shall have the powei to biing anu
uefenu, in such capacity, actions in his own name; to take anu keep possession of the
piopeity in contioveisy; to ieceive ients; to collect uebts uue to himself as ieceivei
oi to the funu, piopeity, estate, peison, oi coipoiation of which he is the ieceivei; to
compounu foi anu compiomise the same; to make tiansfeis; to pay outstanuing
uebts; to uiviue the money anu othei piopeity that shall iemain among the peisons
legally entitleu to ieceive the same; anu geneially to uo such acts iespecting the
piopeity as the couit may authoiize. Bowevei. funus in the hanus of a ieceivei may
be investeu only by oiuei of the couit upon the wiitten consent of all the paities to
the action. (7a)
No action may be fileu by oi against a ieceivei without leave of the couit which
appointeu him. (n)
SEC. 7. W"04"$"#; ('2 2%(+,0$ '2 .%6$%1# #' 8%$"7%2 32'3%2#; #' 2%1%"7%2=RA peison
who iefuses oi neglects, upon ieasonable uemanu, to uelivei to the ieceivei all the
piopeity, money, books, ueeus, notes, bills, uocuments anu papeis within his powei
oi contiol subject of oi involveu in the action oi pioceeuing, oi in case of
124
uisagieement, as ueteimineu anu oiueieu by the couit, may be punisheu foi
contempt anu shall be liable to the ieceivei foi the money oi the value of the
piopeity anu othei things so iefuseu oi neglecteu to be suiienueieu, togethei with
all uamages that may have been sustaineu by the paity oi paities entitleu theieto as
a consequence of such iefusal oi neglect. (n)
SEC. 8. !%29".0#"'. '( 2%1%"7%2,)"3? 1'93%.,0#"'. '( 2%1%"7%2=RWhenevei the
couit, 9'#+ 32'32"' oi on motion of eithei paity, shall ueteimine that the necessity
foi a ieceivei no longei exists, it shall, aftei uue notice to all inteiesteu paities anu
heaiing, settle the accounts of the ieceivei, uiiect the ueliveiy of the funus anu othei
piopeity in his possession to the peison aujuugeu to be entitleu to ieceive them,
anu oiuei the uischaige of the ieceivei fiom fuithei uuty as such. The couit shall
allow the ieceivei such ieasonable compensation as the ciicumstances of the case
waiiant, to be taxeu as costs against the uefeateu paity, oi appoitioneu, as justice
iequiies. (8a)
SEC. 9. @+869%.# #' ".1$+8% 2%1'7%2; 060".,# ,+2%#"%,=RThe amount, if any, to be
awaiueu to any paity upon any bonu fileu in accoiuance with the piovisions of this
Rule, shall be claimeu, asceitaineu, anu gianteu unuei the same pioceuuie
piesciibeu in section 2u of Rule S7. (9a)

!"#$ 9>
!$*#$,-(
SECTI0N 1. H33$"10#"'.=RA paity piaying foi the iecoveiy of possession of
peisonal piopeity may, at the commencement of the action oi at any time befoie
answei, apply foi an oiuei foi the ueliveiy of such piopeity to him, in the mannei
heieinaftei pioviueu. (1a)
SEC. 2. H(("807"# 0.8 4'.8RThe applicant must show by his own affiuavit oi
that of some othei peison who peisonally knows the facts:
(a) That the applicant is the ownei of the piopeity claimeu,
paiticulaily uesciibing it, oi is entitleu to the possession theieof;
(b) That the piopeity is wiongfully uetaineu by the auveise paity,
alleging the cause of uetention theieof accoiuing to the best of his knowleuge,
infoimation, anu belief;
12S
(c) That the piopeity has not been uistiaineu oi taken foi a tax
assessment oi a fine puisuant to law, oi seizeu unuei a wiit of execution oi
pieliminaiy attachment, oi otheiwise placeu unuei custouia legis, oi if so
seizeu, that it is exempt fiom such seizuie oi custouy; anu
(u) The actual maiket value of the piopeity.
The applicant must also give a bonu, executeu to the auveise paity in uouble
the value of the piopeity as stateu in the affiuavit afoiementioneu, foi the ietuin of
the piopeity to the auveise paity if such ietuin be aujuugeu, anu foi the payment to
the auveise paity of such sum as he may iecovei fiom the applicant in the action.
(2a)
SEC. S. 0iuei.0pon the filing of such affiuavit anu appioval of the bonu, the
couit shall issue an oiuei anu the coiiesponuing wiit of ieplevin uesciibing the
peisonal piopeity allegeu to be wiongfully uetaineu anu iequiiing the sheiiff
foithwith to take such piopeity into his custouy. (Sa)
SEC. [= K+#; '( #)% ,)%2"((=R0pon ieceiving such oiuei, the sheiiff must seive a
copy theieof on the auveise paity, togethei with a copy of the application, affiuavit
anu bonu, anu must foithwith take the piopeity, if it be in the possession of the
auveise paity, oi his agent, anu ietain it in his custouy. If the piopeity oi any pait
theieof be concealeu in a builuing oi enclosuie, the sheiiff must uemanu its ueliveiy,
anu if it be not ueliveieu, he must cause the builuing oi enclosuie to be bioken open
anu take the piopeity into his possession. Aftei the sheiiff has taken possession of
the piopeity as heiein pioviueu, he must keep it in a secuie place anu shall be
iesponsible foi its ueliveiy to the paity entitleu theieto upon ieceiving his fees anu
necessaiy expenses foi taking anu keeping the same. (4a)
SEC. S. *%#+2. '( 32'3%2#;=RIf the auveise paity objects to the sufficiency of
the applicant's bonu, oi of the suiety oi suieties theieon, he cannot immeuiately
iequiie the ietuin of the piopeity, but if he uoes not so object, he may, at any time
befoie the ueliveiy of the piopeity to the applicant, iequiie the ietuin theieof, by
filing with the couit wheie the action is penuing a bonu executeu to the applicant, in
uouble the value of the piopeity as stateu in the applicant's affiuavit foi the ueliveiy
theieof to the applicant, if such ueliveiy be aujuugeu, anu foi the payment of such
sum to him as may be iecoveieu against the auveise paity, anu by seiving a copy of
such bonu on the applicant. (Sa)
SEC. 6. K",3',"#"'. '( 32'3%2#; 4; ,)%2"((=FIf within five (S) uays aftei the taking
of the piopeity by the sheiiff, the auveise paity uoes not object to the sufficiency of
the bonu, oi of the suiety oi suieties theieon; oi if the auveise paity so objects anu
126
the couit affiims its appioval of the applicant's bonu oi appioves a new bonu, oi if
the auveise paity iequiies the ietuin of the piopeity but his bonu is objecteu to anu
founu insufficient anu he uoes not foithwith file an appioveu bonu, the piopeity
shall be ueliveieu to the applicant. If foi any ieason the piopeity is not ueliveieu to
the applicant, the sheiiff must ietuin it to the auveise paity. (6a)
SEC. 7. D2'1%%8".6, /)%2% 32'3%2#; 1$0"9%8 4; #)"28 3%2,'.=RIf the piopeity
taken is claimeu by any peison othei than the paity against whom the wiit of
ieplevin hau been issueu oi his agent, anu such peison makes an affiuavit of his title
theieto, oi iight to the possession theieof, stating the giounus theiefoi, anu seives
such affiuavit upon the sheiiff while the lattei has possession of the piopeity anu a
copy theieof upon the applicant, the sheiiff shall not be bounu to keep the piopeity
unuei ieplevin oi uelivei it to the applicant unless the applicant oi his agent, on
uemanu of saiu sheiiff, shall file a bonu appioveu by the couit to inuemnify the
thiiu-paity claimant in a sum not less than the value of the piopeity unuei ieplevin
as pioviueu in section 2 heieof. In case of uisagieement as to such value, the couit
shall ueteimine the same. No claim foi uamages foi the taking oi keeping of the
piopeity may be enfoiceu against the bonu unless the action theiefoi is fileu within
one hunuieu twenty (12u) uays fiom the uate of the filing of the bonu.
The sheiiff shall not be liable foi uamages, foi the taking oi keeping of such
piopeity, to any such thiiu-paity claimant if such bonu shall be fileu. Nothing
heiein containeu shall pievent such claimant oi any thiiu peison fiom vinuicating
his claim to the piopeity, oi pievent the applicant fiom claiming uamages against a
thiiu-paity claimant who fileu a fiivolous oi plainly spuiious claim, in the same oi a
sepaiate action.
When the wiit of ieplevin is issueu in favoi of the Republic of the Philippines,
oi any officei uuly iepiesenting it, the filing of such bonu shall not be iequiieu, anu
in case the sheiiff is sueu foi uamages as a iesult of the ieplevin, he shall be
iepiesenteu by the Solicitoi ueneial, anu if helu liable theiefoi, the actual uamages
aujuugeu by the couit shall be paiu by the National Tieasuiei out of the funus to be
appiopiiateu foi the puipose. (7a)
SEC. 8. *%#+2. '( 303%2,=RThe sheiiff must file the oiuei, with his pioceeuings
inuoiseu theieon, with the couit within ten (1u) uays aftei taking the piopeity
mentioneu theiein. (8a)
SEC. 9. @+869%.#.Aftei tiial of the issues, the couit shall ueteimine who has
the iight of possession to anu the value of the piopeity anu shall ienuei juugment in
the alteinative foi the ueliveiy theieof to the paity entitleu to the same, oi foi its
value in case ueliveiy cannot be maue, anu also foi such uamages as eithei paity
127
may piove, with costs. (9a)
SEC. 1u. @+869%.# #' ".1$+8% 2%1'7%2; 060".,# ,+2%#"%,=RThe amount, if any, to
be awaiueu to any paity upon any bonu fileu in accoiuance with the piovisions of
this Rule, shall be claimeu, asceitaineu, anu gianteu unuei the same pioceuuie as
piesciibeu in section 2u of Rule S7. (1ua)

!"#$ 9&
."**+!/ *$(0$(/$ #-/$
SECTI0N 1. H33$"10#"'.=RAt the commencement of the piopei action oi
pioceeuing, oi at any time piioi to the juugment oi final oiuei, a veiifieu application
foi suppoit 3%.8%.#% $"#% may be fileu by any paity stating the giounus foi the claim
anu the financial conuitions of both paities, anu accompanieu by affiuavits,
uepositions oi othei authentic uocuments in suppoit theieof. (1a)
SEC. 2. 5'99%.#=RA copy of the application anu all suppoit-ing uocuments
shall be seiveu upon the auveise paity, who shall have five (S) uays to comment
theieon unless a uiffeient peiiou is fixeu by the couit upon his motion. The
comment shall be veiifieu anu shall be accompanieu by affiuavits, uepositions oi
othei authentic uocuments in suppoit theieof. (2a, Sa)
SEC. S. S%02".6=RAftei the comment is fileu, oi aftei the expiiation of the
peiiou foi its filing, the application shall be set foi heaiing not moie than thiee (S)
uays theieaftei. The facts in issue shall be pioveu in the same mannei as is
pioviueu foi eviuence on motions. (4a)
SEC. 4. :28%2=RThe couit shall ueteimine piovisionally the peitinent facts, anu
shall ienuei such oiueis as justice anu equity may iequiie, having uue iegaiu to the
piobable outcome of the case anu such othei ciicumstances as may aiu in the piopei
iesolution of the question involveu. If the application is gianteu, the couit shall fix
the amount of money to be piovisionally paiu oi such othei foims of suppoit as
shoulu be pioviueu, taking into account the necessities of the applicant anu the
iesouices oi means of the auveise paity, anu the teims of payment oi moue foi
pioviuing the suppoit. If the application is uenieu, the piincipal case shall be tiieu
anu ueciueu as eaily as possible. (Sa)
SEC. S. J.('21%9%.# '( '28%2=RIf the auveise paity fails to comply with an
128
oiuei gianting suppoit 3%.8%.#% $"#%< the couit shall, 9'#+ 32'32"' oi upon motion,
issue an oiuei of execution against him, without piejuuice to his liability foi
contempt. (6a)
When the peison oiueieu to give suppoit 3%.8%.#% $"#% iefuses oi fails to uo so,
any thiiu peison who fuinisheu that suppoit to the applicant may, aftei uue notice
anu heaiing in the same case, obtain a wiit of execution to enfoice his iight of
ieimbuisement against the peison oiueieu to pioviue such suppoit. (n)
SEC. 6. >+33'2# ". 12"9".0$ cases.In ciiminal actions wheie the civil liability
incluues suppoit foi the offspiing as a consequence of the ciime anu the civil aspect
theieof has not been waiveu, ieseiveu oi instituteu piioi to its filing, the accuseu
may be oiueieu to pioviue suppoit 3%.8%.#% $"#% to the chilu boin to the offenueu
paity allegeuly because of the ciime. The application theiefoi may be fileu
successively by the offenueu paity, hei paients, gianupaients oi guaiuian anu the
State in the coiiesponuing ciiminal case uuiing its penuency, in accoiuance with the
pioceuuie establisheu unuei this Rule. (n)
SEC. 7. *%,#"#+#"'..When the juugment oi final oiuei of the couit finus that
the peison who has been pioviuing suppoit 3%.8%.#% $"#% is not liable theiefoi, it
shall oiuei the iecipient theieof to ietuin to the foimei the amounts alieauy paiu
with legal inteiest fiom the uates of actual payment, without piejuuice to the iight
of the iecipient to obtain ieimbuisement in a sepaiate action fiom the peison
legally obligeu to give the suppoit. Shoulu the iecipient fail to ieimbuise saiu
amounts, the peison who pioviueu the same may likewise seek ieimbuisement
theieof in a sepaiate action fiom the peison legally obligeu to give such suppoit. (n)

.*$2-)# 2-,-# )2/-+(.
!"#$ 93
-(/$!*#$)0$!
SECTI0N 1. C)%. ".#%23$%08%2 32'3%2=RWhenevei conflict-ing claims upon the
same subject mattei aie oi may be maue against a peison who claims no inteiest
whatevei in the subject mattei, oi an inteiest which in whole oi in pait is not
uisputeu by the claimants, he may biing an action against the conflicting claimants
to compel them to inteipleau anu litigate theii seveial claims among themselves.
(1a, R6S)
129
SEC. 2. :28%2=R0pon the filing of the complaint, the couit shall issue an oiuei
iequiiing the conflicting claimants to inteipleau with one anothei. If the inteiests of
justice so iequiie, the couit may uiiect in such oiuei that the subject mattei be paiu
oi ueliveieu to the couit. (2a, R6S)
SEC. S. >+99'.,=Summons shall be seiveu upon the conflicting claimants,
togethei with a copy of the complaint anu oiuei. (S, R6S)
SEC. [= A'#"'. #' 8",9",,=RWithin the time foi filing an answei, each claimant
may file a motion to uismiss on the giounu of impiopiiety of the inteipleauei action
oi on othei appiopiiate giounus specifieu in Rule 16. The peiiou to file the answei
shall be tolleu anu if the motion is uenieu, the movant may file his answei within the
iemaining peiiou, but which shall not be less than five (S) uays in any event,
ieckoneu fiom notice of uenial. (n)
SEC. S. H.,/%2 0.8 '#)%2 3$%08".6,=REach claimant shall file his answei setting
foith his claim within fifteen (1S) uays fiom seivice of the summons upon him,
seiving a copy theieof upon each of the othei conflicting claimants who may file
theii ieply theieto as pioviueu by these Rules. If any claimant fails to pleau within
the time heiein fixeu, the couit may, on motion, ueclaie him in uefault anu
theieaftei ienuei juugment baiiing him fiom any claim in iespect to the subject
mattei.
The paities in an inteipleauei action may file counteiclaims, cioss-claims,
thiiu-paity complaints anu iesponsive pleauings theieto, as pioviueu by these
Rules. (4a, R6S)
SEC. 6. K%#%29".0#"'.=RAftei the pleauings of the conflicting claimants have
been fileu, anu pie-tiial has been conuucteu in accoiuance with the Rules, the couit
shall pioceeu to ueteimine theii iespective iights anu aujuuicate theii seveial
claims.(Sa, R6S)
SEC. 7. K'1I%# 0.8 '#)%2 $0/(+$ (%%,< 1',#, 0.8 $"#"60#"'. %L3%.,%, 0, $"%.,=RThe
uocket anu othei lawful fees paiu by the paity who fileu a complaint unuei this Rule,
as well as the costs anu litigation expenses, shall constitute a lien oi chaige upon the
subject mattei of the action, unless the couit shall oiuei otheiwise. (6a, R6S)
!"#$ 95
0$2#)!)/+!1 !$#-$4 )(0 .-8-#)! !$8$0-$.
1Su
SECTI0N 1. C)' 90; ("$% 3%#"#"'.=RAny peison inteiesteu unuei a ueeu, will,
contiact oi othei wiitten instiument, whose iights aie affecteu by a statute,
executive oiuei oi iegulation, oiuinance, oi any othei goveinmental iegulation may,
befoie bieach oi violation theieof, biing an action in the appiopiiate Regional Tiial
Couit to ueteimine any question of constiuction oi valiuity aiising, anu foi a
ueclaiation of his iights oi uuties, theieunuei.
An action foi the iefoimation of an instiument, to quiet title to ieal piopeity oi
iemove clouus theiefiom, oi to consoliuate owneiship unuei Aiticle 16u7 of the
Civil Coue, may be biought unuei this Rule. (1a, R64)
SEC. 2. D02#"%,.All peisons who have oi claim any inteiest which woulu be
affecteu by the ueclaiation shall be maue paities; anu no ueclaiation shall, except as
otheiwise pioviueu in these Rules, piejuuice the iights of peisons not paities to the
action. (2a, R64)
SEC. S. E'#"1% '. >'$"1"#'2 M%.%20$=RIn any action which involves the valiuity of
a statute, executive oiuei oi iegulation, oi any othei goveinmental iegulation, the
Solicitoi ueneial shall be notifieu by the paity assailing the same anu shall be
entitleu to be heaiu upon such question. (Sa, R64)
SEC. 4. W'10$ 6'7%2.9%.# '28".0.1%,RIn any action involving the valiuity of a
local goveinment oiuinance, the coiiesponuing piosecutoi oi attoiney of the local
goveinmental unit involveu shall be similaily notifieu anu entitleu to be heaiu. If
such oiuinance is allegeu to be unconstitutional, the Solicitoi ueneial shall also be
notifieu anu entitleu to be heaiu. (4a, R64)
SEC. S. 5'+2# 01#"'. 8",12%#"'.02; .Except in actions falling unuei the seconu
paiagiaph of section 1 of this Rule, the couit, 9'#+ 32'32"' oi upon motion, may
iefuse to exeicise the powei to ueclaie iights anu to constiue instiuments in any
case wheie a uecision woulu not teiminate the unceitainty oi contioveisy which
gave iise to the action, oi in any case wheie the ueclaiation oi constiuction is not
necessaiy anu piopei unuei the ciicumstances. (Sa, R64)
SEC. 6. 5'.7%2,"'. ".#' '28".02; 01#"'.=RIf befoie the final teimination of the
case, a bieach oi violation of an instiument oi a statute, executive oiuei oi
iegulation, oiuinance, oi any othei goveinmental iegulation shoulu take place, the
action may theieupon be conveiteu into an oiuinaiy action, anu the paities shall be
alloweu to file such pleauings as may be necessaiy oi piopei. (6a, R64)
!"#$ 96
1S1
!$,-$? +4 D"0'8$(/. )(0 4-()# +!0$!. +! !$.+#"/-+(. +4 /@$
2+88-..-+( +( $#$2/-+(. )(0 /@$ 2+88-..-+( +( )"0-/
SECTI0N 1. >1'3%=RThis Rule shall govein the ieview of juugments anu final
oiueis oi iesolutions of the Commission on Elections anu the Commission on Auuit.
(n)
SEC. 2. A'8% '( 2%7"%/=RA juugment oi final oiuei oi iesolution of the
Commission on Elections anu the Commission on Auuit may be biought by the
aggiieveu paity to the Supieme Couit on ceitioiaii unuei Rule 6S, except as
heieinaftei pioviueu. (n)
SEC. S. !"9% #' ("$% 3%#"#"'.=RThe petition shall be fileu within thiity (Su) uays
fiom notice of the juugment oi final oiuei oi iesolution sought to be ievieweu. The
filing of a motion foi new tiial oi ieconsiueiation of saiu juugment oi final oiuei oi
iesolution, if alloweu unuei the pioceuuial iules of the Commission conceineu, shall
inteiiupt the peiiou heiein fixeu. If the motion is uenieu, the aggiieveu paity may
file the petition within the iemaining peiiou, but which shall not be less than five (S)
uays in any event, ieckoneu fiom notice of uenial. (n)
SEC. 4. K'1I%# 0.8 '#)%2 $0/(+$ fees.0pon the filing of the petition, the
petitionei shall pay to the cleik of couit the uocket anu othei lawful fees anu ueposit
the amount of PSuu.uu foi costs. (n)
SEC. S. T'29 0.8 1'.#%.#, '( 3%#"#"'.=RThe petition shall be veiifieu anu fileu
in eighteen (18) legible copies. The petition shall name the aggiieveu paity as
petitionei anu shall join as iesponuents the Commission conceineu anu the peison
oi peisons inteiesteu in sustaining the juugment, final oiuei oi iesolution 0
V+'= The petition shall state the facts with ceitainty, piesent cleaily the issues
involveu, set foith the giounus anu biief aigu-ments ielieu upon foi ieview, anu
piay foi juugment annulling oi mouifying the questioneu juugment, final oiuei oi
iesolution. Finuings of fact of the Commission suppoiteu by substantial eviuence
shall be final anu non-ieviewable.
The petition shall be accompanieu by a cleaily legible uuplicate oiiginal oi
ceitifieu tiue copy of the juugment, final oiuei oi iesolution subject theieof,
togethei with ceitifieu tiue copies of such mateiial poitions of the iecoiu as aie
iefeiieu to theiein anu othei uocuments ielevant anu peitinent theieto. The
iequisite numbei of copies of the petition shall contain plain copies of all uocuments
attacheu to the oiiginal copy of saiu petition.
The petition shall state the specific mateiial uates showing that it was fileu
within the peiiou fixeu heiein, anu shall contain a swoin ceitification against foium
1S2
shopping as pioviueu in the thiiu paiagiaph of section S, Rule 46.
The petition shall fuithei be accompanieu by pioof of seivice of a copy theieof
on the Commission conceineu anu on the auveise paity, anu of the timely payment
of uocket anu othei lawful fees.
The failuie of petitionei to comply with any of the foiegoing iequiiements
shall be sufficient giounu foi the uismissal of the petition. (n)
SEC. 6. :28%2 #' 1'99%.#=RIf the Supieme Couit finus the petition sufficient in
foim anu substance, it shall oiuei the iesponuents to file theii comments on the
petition within ten (1u) uays fiom notice theieof, otheiwise, the Couit may uismiss
the petition outiight. The Couit may also uismiss the petition if it was fileu
manifestly foi uelay, oi the questions iaiseu aie too unsubstantial to waiiant
fuithei pioceeuings. (n)
SEC. 7. 5'99%.#, '( 2%,3'.8%.#,.The comments of the iesponuents shall be
fileu in eighteen (18) legible copies. The oiiginal shall be accompanieu by ceitifieu
tiue copies of such mateiial poitions of the iecoiu as aie iefeiieu to theiein
togethei with othei suppoiting papeis. The iequisite numbei of copies of the
comments shall contain plain copies of all uocuments attacheu to the oiiginal anu a
copy theieof shall be seiveu on the petitionei.
No othei pleauing may be fileu by any paity unless iequiieu oi alloweu by the
Couit. (n)
SEC. 8. J((%1# '( ("$".6=RThe filing of a petition foi ceitioiaii shall not stay the
execution of the juugment oi final oiuei oi iesolution sought to be ievieweu, unless
the Supieme Couit shall uiiect otheiwise upon such teims as it may ueem just. (n)
SEC. 9" >+49",,"'. ('2 8%1","'.=R0nless the Couit sets the case foi oial
aigument, oi iequiies the paities to submit memoianua, the case shall be ueemeu
submitteu foi uecision upon the filing of the comments on the petition, oi of such
othei pleau-ings oi papeis as may be iequiieu oi alloweu, oi the expiiation of the
peiiou to uo so. (n)
!"#$ 97
2$!/-+!)!-C *!+@-A-/-+( )(0 8)(0)8".
SECTI0N 1. D%#"#"'. ('2 1%2#"'202".When any tiibunal, boaiu oi officei
exeicising juuicial oi quasi-juuicial functions has acteu without oi in excess of its oi
1SS
his juiisuiction, oi with giave abuse of uiscietion amounting to lack oi excess of
juiisuiction, anu theie is no appeal, oi any plain, speeuy, anu auequate iemeuy in
the oiuinaiy couise of law, a peison aggiieveu theieby may file a veiifieu petition in
the piopei couit, alleging the facts with ceitainty anu piaying that juugment be
ienueieu annulling oi mouifying the pioceeuings of such tiibunal, boaiu oi officei,
anu gianting such inciuental ieliefs as law anu justice may iequiie.
The petition shall be accompanieu by a ceitifieu tiue copy of the juugment,
oiuei oi iesolution subject theieof, copies of all pleauings anu uocuments ielevant
anu peitinent theieto, anu a swoin ceitification of non-foium shopping as pioviueu
in the thiiu paiagiaph of section S, Rule 46. (1a)
SEC. 2. D%#"#"'. ('2 32')"4"#"'.=RWhen the pioceeuings of any tiibunal,
coipoiation, boaiu, officei oi peison, whethei exeicising juuicial, quasi-juuicial oi
ministeiial functions, aie without oi in excess of its oi his juiisuiction, oi with giave
abuse of uiscietion amounting to lack oi excess of juiisuiction, anu theie is no
appeal oi any othei plain, speeuy, anu auequate iemeuy in the oiuinaiy couise of
law, a peison aggiieveu theieby may file a veiifieu petition in the piopei couit,
alleging the facts with ceitainty anu piaying that juugment be ienueieu
commanuing the iesponuent to uesist fiom fuithei pioceeuings in the action oi
mattei specifieu theiein, oi otheiwise gianting such inciuental ieliefs as law anu
justice may iequiie.
The petition shall likewise be accompanieu by a ceitifieu tiue copy of the
juugment, oiuei oi iesolution subject theieof, copies of all pleauings anu uocuments
ielevant anu peitinent theieto, anu a swoin ceitification of non-foium shopping as
pioviueu in the thiiu paiagiaph of section S, Rule 46. (2a)
SEC. S. D%#"#"'. ('2 90.809+,=RWhen any tiibunal, coipoiation, boaiu, officei
oi peison unlawfully neglects the peifoimance of an act which the law specifically
enjoins as a uuty iesulting fiom an office, tiust, oi station, oi unlawfully excluues
anothei fiom the use anu enjoyment of a iight oi office to which such othei is
entitleu, anu theie is no othei plain, speeuy anu auequate iemeuy in the oiuinaiy
couise of law, the peison aggiieveu theieby may file a veiifieu petition in the piopei
couit, alleging the facts with ceitainty anu piaying that juugment be ienueieu
commanuing the iesponuent, immeuiately oi at some othei time to be specifieu by
the couit, to uo the act iequiieu to be uone to piotect the iights of the petitionei,
anu to pay the uamages sustaineu by the petitionei by ieason of the wiongful acts of
the iesponuent.
The petition shall also contain a swoin ceitification of non-foium shopping as
pioviueu in the thiiu paiagiaph of section S, Rule 46. (Sa)
1S4
SEC. 4. C)%. 0.8 /)%2% 3%#"#"'. ("$%8=RThe petition may be fileu not latei than
sixty (6u) uays fiom notice of the juugment, oiuei oi iesolution. In case a motion
foi ieconsiueiation oi new tiial is timely fileu, whethei such motion is iequiieu oi
not, the sixty (6u) uay peiiou shall be counteu fiom notice of the uenial of saiu
motion.
The petition shall be fileu in the Supieme Couit oi, if it ielates to the acts oi
omissions of a lowei couit oi of a coipoiation, boaiu, officei oi peison, in the
Regional Tiial Couit exeicising juiisuiction ovei the teiiitoiial aiea as uefineu by
the Supieme Couit. It may also be fileu in the Couit of Appeals whethei oi not the
same is in aiu of its appellate juiisuiction, oi in the Sanuiganbayan if it is in aiu of its
appellate juiisuiction. If it involves the acts oi omissions of a quasi-juuicial agency,
anu unless otheiwise pioviueu by law oi these iules, the petition shall be fileu in
anu cognizable only by the Couit of Appeals.
No extension of time to file the petition shall be gianteu except foi compelling
ieason anu in no case exceeuing fifteen (1S) uays.
SEC. S. *%,3'.8%.#, 0.8 1',#, ". 1%2#0". 10,%,RWhen the petition fileu ielates
to the acts oi omissions of a juuge, couit, quasi-juuicial agency, tiibunal,
coipoiation, boaiu, officei oi peison, the petitionei shall join, as piivate iesponuent
oi iesponuents with such public iesponuent oi iesponuents, the peison oi peisons
inteiesteu in sustaining the pioceeuings in the couit; anu it shall be the uuty of such
piivate iesponuents to appeai anu uefenu, both in his oi theii own behalf anu in
behalf of the public iesponuent oi iesponuents affecteu by the pioceeuings, anu the
costs awaiueu in such pioceeuings in favoi of the petitionei shall be against the
piivate iesponuents only, anu not against the juuge, couit, quasi-juuicial agency,
tiibunal, coipoiation, boaiu, officei oi peison impleaueu as public iesponuent oi
iesponuents.
0nless otheiwise specifically uiiecteu by the couit wheie the petition is
penuing, the public iesponuents shall not appeai in oi file an answei oi comment to
the petition oi any pleauing theiein. If the case is elevateu to a highei couit by
eithei paity, the public iesponuents shall be incluueu theiein as nominal paities.
Bowevei, unless otheiwise specifically uiiecteu by the couit, they shall not appeai
oi paiticipate in the pioceeuings theiein. (Sa)
SEC. 6. :28%2 #' 1'99%.#=F If the petition is sufficient in foim anu substance to
justify such piocess, the couit shall issue an oiuei iequiiing the iesponuent oi
iesponuents to comment on the petition within ten (1u) uays fiom ieceipt of a copy
theieof. Such oiuei shall be seiveu on the iesponuents in such mannei as the couit
may uiiect, togethei with a copy of the petition anu any annexes theieto.
1SS
In petitions foi ceitioiaii befoie the Supieme Couit anu the Couit of Appeals,
the piovisions of section 2, Rule S6, shall be obseiveu. Befoie giving uue couise
theieto, the couit may iequiie the iesponuents to file theii comment to, anu not a
motion to uismiss, the petition. Theieaftei, the couit may iequiie the filing of a
ieply anu such othei iesponsive oi othei pleauings as it may ueem necessaiy anu
piopei. (6a)
SEC. 7. JL3%8"#".6 32'1%%8".6,? ".B+.1#"7% 2%$"%(=RThe couit in which the
petition is fileu may issue oiueis expeuiting the pioceeuings, anu it may also giant a
tempoiaiy iestiaining oiuei oi a wiit of pieliminaiy injunction foi the pieseivation
of the iights of the paities penuing such pioceeuings. The petition shall not
inteiiupt the couise of the piincipal case unless a tempoiaiy iestiaining oiuei oi a
wiit of pieliminaiy injunction has been issueu against the public iesponuent fiom
fuithei pioceeuing in the case. (7a)
SEC. 8. D2'1%%8".6, 0(#%2 1'99%.# ", ("$%8=RAftei the comment oi othei
pleauings iequiieu by the couit aie fileu, oi the time foi the filing theieof has
expiieu, the couit may heai the case oi iequiie the paities to submit memoianua. If
aftei such heaiing oi submission of memoianua oi the expiiation of the peiiou foi
the filing theieof the couit finus that the allegations of the petition aie tiue, it shall
ienuei juugment foi the ielief piayeu foi oi to which the petitionei is entitleu.
The couit, howevei, may uismiss the petition if it finus the same to be patently
without meiit, piosecuteu manifestly foi uelay, oi that the questions iaiseu theiein
aie too unsubstantial to iequiie consiueiation. (8a)
SEC. 9. >%27"1% 0.8 %.('21%9%.# '( '28%2 '2 B+869%.#=RA ceitifieu copy of the
juugment ienueieu in accoiuance with the last pieceuing section shall be seiveu
upon the couit, quasi-juuicial agency, tiibunal, coipoiation, boaiu, officei oi peison
conceineu in such mannei as the couit may uiiect, anu uisobeuience theieto shall
be punisheu as contempt. An execution may issue foi any uamages oi costs
awaiueu in accoiuance with section 1 of Rule S9. (9a)
!"#$ 99
G"+ ?)!!)(/+
SECTI0N 1. H1#"'. 4; M'7%2.9%.# 060".,# ".8"7"8+0$,=RAn action foi the
usuipation of a public office, position oi fianchise may be commenceu by a veiifieu
petition biought in the name of the Republic of the Philippines against:
1S6
(a) A peison who usuips, intiuues into, oi unlawfully holus oi
exeicises a public office, position oi fianchise;
(b) A public officei who uoes oi suffeis an act which, by the piovision
of law, constitutes a giounu foi the foifeituie of his office; oi
(c) An association which acts as a coipoiation within the Philippines
without being legally incoipoiateu oi without lawful authoiity so to act. (1a)
SEC. 2. C)%. >'$"1"#'2 M%.%20$ '2 3+4$"1 32',%1+#'2 9+,# 1'99%.1% 01#"'..
The Solicitoi ueneial oi a public piosecutoi, when uiiecteu by the Piesiuent of the
Philippines, oi when upon complaint oi otheiwise he has goou ieason to believe
that any case specifieu in the pieceuing section can be establisheu by pioof, must
commence such action. (Sa)
SEC. S. C)%. >'$"1"#'2 M%.%20$ '2 3+4$"1 32',%1+#'2 90; 1'99%.1% 01#"'. /"#)
3%29",,"'. '( 1'+2#=RThe Solicitoi ueneial oi a public piosecutoi may, with the
peimission of the couit in which the action is to be commenceu, biing such an action
at the iequest anu upon the ielation of anothei peison; but in such case the officei
biinging it may fiist iequiie an inuemnity foi the expenses anu costs of the action in
an amount appioveu by anu to be uepositeu in the couit by the peison at whose
iequest anu upon whose ielation the same is biought. (4a)
SEC. 4. C)%. )%02".6 )08 '. 033$"10#"'. ('2 3%29",,"'. #' 1'99%.1% 01#"'.=R
0pon application foi peimission to commence such action in accoiuance with the
next pieceuing section, the couit shall uiiect that notice be given to the iesponuent
so that he may be heaiu in opposition theieto; anu if peimission is gianteu, the
couit shall issue an oiuei to that effect, copies of which shall be seiveu on all
inteiesteu paities, anu the petition shall then be fileu within the peiiou oiueieu by
the couit. (Sa)
SEC. S. C)%. 0. ".8"7"8+0$ 90; 1'99%.1% ,+1) 0. 01#"'..A peison claiming
to be entitleu to a public office oi position usuipeu oi unlawfully helu oi exeiciseu
by anothei may biing an action theiefoi in his own name. (6)
SEC. 6. D02#"%, 0.8 1'.#%.#, '( 3%#"#"'. 060".,# +,+230F#"'.=RWhen the action is
against a peison foi usuiping a public office, position oi fianchise, the petition shall
set foith the name of the peison who claims to be entitleu theieto, if any, with an
aveiment of his iight to the same anu that the iesponuent is unlawfully in
possession theieof. All peisons who claim to be entitleu to the public office, position
oi fianchise may be maue paities, anu theii iespective iights to such public office,
position oi fianchise ueteimineu, in the same action. (7a)
1S7
SEC. 7. N%.+%=RAn action unuei the pieceuing six sections can be biought only
in the Supieme Couit, the Couit of Appeals, oi in the Regional Tiial Couit exeicising
juiisuiction ovei the teiiitoiial aiea wheie the iesponuent oi any of the
iesponuents iesiues, but when the Solicitoi ueneial commences the action, it may
be biought in a Regional Tiial Couit in the City of Nanila, in the Couit of Appeals, oi
in the Supieme Couit. (8a)
SEC. 8. D%2"'8 ('2 3$%08".6, 0.8 32'1%%8".6, 90; 4% 2%8+1%8? 01#"'. 6"7%.
32%1%8%.1% =RThe couit may ieuuce the peiiou pioviueu by these Rules foi filing
pleauings anu foi all othei pioceeuings in the action in oiuei to secuie the most
expeuitious ueteimination of the matteis involveu theiein consistent with the iights
of the paities. Such action may be given pieceuence ovei any othei civil mattei
penuing in the couit. (9a)
SEC. Y= @+869%.# /)%2% +,+230#"'. ('+.8.When the iesponuent is founu
guilty of usuiping, intiuuing into, oi unlawfully holuing oi exeicising a public office,
position oi fianchise, juugment shall be ienueieu that such iesponuent be ousteu
anu altogethei excluueu theiefiom, anu that the petitionei oi ielatoi, as the case
may be, iecovei his costs. Such fuithei juugment may be ienueieu ueteimining the
iespective iights in anu to the public office, position oi fianchise of all the paities to
the action as justice iequiies. (1ua)
SEC. 1u. *"6)#, '( 3%2,'., 08B+86%8 %.#"#$%8 #' 3+4$"1 '(("1%? 8%$"7%2; '( 4''I,
0.8 303%2,? 80906%,=RIf juugment be ienueieu in favoi of the peison aveiieu in the
complaint to be entitleu to the public office he may, aftei taking the oath of office
anu executing any official bonu iequiieu by law, take upon himself the execution of
the office, anu may immeuiately theieaftei uemanu of the iesponuent all the books
anu papeis in the iesponuent's custouy oi contiol appeitaining to the office to
which the juugment ielates. If the iesponuent iefuses oi neglects to uelivei any
book oi papei puisuant to such uemanu, he may be punisheu foi contempt as
having uisobeyeu a lawful oiuei of the couit. The peison aujuugeu entitleu to the
office may also biing action against the iesponuent to iecovei the uamages
sustaineu by such peison by ieason of the usuipation. (1Sa)
SEC. 11. W"9"#0#"'.,=RNothing containeu in this Rule shall be constiueu to
authoiize an action against a public officei oi employee foi his oustei fiom office
unless the same be commenceu within one (1) yeai aftei the cause of such oustei, oi
the iight of the petitionei to holu such office oi position, aiose; noi to authoiize an
action foi uamages in accoiuance with the piovisions of the next pieceuing section
unless the same be commenceu within one (1) yeai aftei the entiy of the juugment
establishing the petitionei's iight to the office in question. (16a)
1S8
SEC. 12. @+869%.# ('2 1',#,=RIn an action biought in accoiuance with the
piovisions of this Rule, the couit may ienuei juugment foi costs against eithei the
petitionei, the ielatoi, oi the iesponuent, oi the peison oi peisons claiming to be a
coipoiation, oi may appoition the costs, as justice iequiies. (17a)

!"#$ 9;
$F*!+*!-)/-+(
SECTI0N 1. !)% 1'93$0".#=RThe iight of eminent uomain shall be exeiciseu by
the filing of a veiifieu complaint which shall state with ceitainty the iight anu
puipose of expiopiiation, uesciibe the ieal oi peisonal piopeity sought to be
expiopiiateu, anu join as uefenuants all peisons owning oi claiming to own, oi
occupying, any pait theieof oi inteiest theiein, showing, so fai as piacticable, the
sepaiate inteiest of each uefenuant. If the title to any piopeity sought to be
expiopiiateu appeais to be in the Republic of the Philippines, although occupieu by
piivate inuiviuuals, oi if the title is otheiwise obscuie oi uoubtful so that the
plaintiff cannot with accuiacy oi ceitainty specify who aie the ieal owneis,
aveiment to that effect shall be maue in the complaint. (1a)
SEC. 2. J.#2; '( 3$0".#"(( +3'. 8%3',"#".6 70$+% /"#) 0+#)'2"U%8 6'7%2.9%.#
8%3',"#'2;=R0pon the filing of the complaint oi at any time theieaftei anu aftei uue
notice to the uefenuant, the plaintiff shall have the iight to take oi entei upon the
possession of the ieal piopeity involveu if he ueposits with the authoiizeu
goveinment uepositaiy an amount equivalent to the assesseu value of the piopeity
foi puiposes of taxation to be helu by such bank subject to the oiueis of the
couit. Such ueposit shall be in money, unless in lieu theieof the couit authoiizes the
ueposit of a ceitificate of ueposit of a goveinment bank of the Republic of the
Philippines payable on uemanu to the authoiizeu goveinment uepositaiy.
If peisonal piopeity is involveu, its value shall be piovisionally asceitaineu
anu the amount to be uepositeu shall be piomptly fixeu by the couit.
Aftei such ueposit is maue the couit shall oiuei the sheiiff oi othei piopei
officei to foithwith place the plaintiff in possession of the piopeity involveu anu
piomptly submit a iepoit theieof to the couit with seivice of copies to the paities.
1S9
(2a)
SEC. S. K%(%.,%, 0.8 '4B%1#"'.,=RIf a uefenuant has no objection oi uefense to
the action oi the taking of his piopeity, he may file anu seive a notice of appeaiance
anu a manifestation to that effect, specifically uesignating oi iuentifying the
piopeity in which he claims to be inteiesteu, within the time stateu in the summons.
Theieaftei, he shall be entitleu to notice of all pioceeuings affecting the same.
If a uefenuant has any objection to the filing of oi the allegations in the
complaint, oi any objection oi uefense to the taking of his piopeity, he shall seive
his answei within the time stateu in the summons. The answei shall specifically
uesignate oi iuentify the piopeity in which he claims to have an inteiest, state the
natuie anu extent of the inteiest claimeu, anu auuuce all his objections anu uefenses
to the taking of his piopeity. No counteiclaim, cioss-claim oi thiiu-paity complaint
shall be allegeu oi alloweu in the answei oi any subsequent pleauing.
A uefenuant waives all uefenses anu objections not so allegeu but the couit, in
the inteiest of justice, may peimit amenuments to the answei to be maue not latei
than ten (1u) uays fiom the filing theieof. Bowevei, at the tiial of the issue of just
compensation, whethei oi not a uefenuant has pieviously appeaieu oi answeieu, he
may piesent eviuence as to the amount of the compensation to be paiu foi his
piopeity, anu he may shaie in the uistiibution of the awaiu.
SEC. 4. :28%2 '( %L32'32"0#"'.=RIf the objections to anu the uefenses against
the iight of the plaintiff to expiopiiate the piopeity aie oveiiuleu, oi when no paity
appeais to uefenu as iequiieu by this Rule, the couit may issue an oiuei of-
expio-piiation ueclaiing that the plaintiff has a lawful iight to take the piopeity
sought to be expiopiiateu, foi the public use oi puipose uesciibeu in the complaint,
upon the payment of just compensation to be ueteimineu as of the uate of the taking
of the piopeity oi the filing of the complaint, whichevei came fiist.
A final oiuei sustaining the iight to expiopiiate the piopeity may be appealeu
by any paity aggiieveu theieby. Such appeal, howevei, shall not pievent the couit
fiom ueteimining the just compensation to be paiu.
Aftei the ienuition of such an oiuei, the plaintiff shall not be peimitteu to
uismiss oi uiscontinue the pioceeuing except on such teims as the couit ueems just
anu equitable. (4a)
SEC. S. H,1%2#0".9%.# '( 1'93%.,0#"'..0pon the ienuition of the oiuei of
expiopiiation, the couit shall appoint not moie than thiee (S) competent anu
uisinteiesteu peisons as commissioneis to asceitain anu iepoit to the couit the just
compensation foi the piopeity sought to be taken. The oiuei of appointment shall
14u
uesignate the time anu place of the fiist session of the heaiing to be helu by the
commissioneis anu specify the time within which theii iepoit shall be submitteu to
the couit.
Copies of the oiuei shall be seiveu on the paities. 0bjections to the
appointment of any of the commissioneis shall be fileu with the couit within ten
(1u) uays fiom seivice, anu shall be iesolveu within thiity (Su) uays aftei all the
commissioneis shall have ieceiveu copies of the objections. (Sa)
SEC. 6. D2'1%%8".6, 4; 1'99",,"'.%2,.Befoie enteiing upon the peifoimance
of theii uuties, the commissioneis shall take anu subsciibe an oath that they will
faithfully peifoim theii uuties as commissioneis, which oath shall be fileu in couit
with the othei pioceeuings in the case. Eviuence may be intiouuceu by eithei paity
befoie the commissioneis who aie authoiizeu to auministei oaths on heaiings
befoie them, anu the commissioneis shall, unless the paities consent to the
contiaiy, aftei uue notice to the paities to attenu, view anu examine the piopeity
sought to be expiopiiateu anu its suiiounuings, anu may measuie the same, aftei
which eithei paity may, by himself oi counsel, aigue the case. The commissioneis
shall assess the consequential uamages to the piopeity not taken anu ueuuct fiom
such consequential uamages the consequential benefits to be ueiiveu by the ownei
fiom the public use oi puipose of the piopeity taken, the opeiation of its fianchise
by the coipoiation oi the caiiying on of the business of the coipoiation oi peison
taking the piopeity. But in no case shall the consequential benefits assesseu exceeu
the consequential uamages assesseu, oi the ownei be uepiiveu of the actual value of
his piopeity so taken.(6a)
SEC. 7. *%3'2# 4; 1'99",,"'.%2, 0.8 B+869%.# #)%2%+3'.=R The couit may
oiuei the commissioneis to iepoit when any paiticulai poition of the ieal estate
shall have been passeu upon by them, anu may ienuei juugment upon such paitial
iepoit, anu uiiect the commissioneis to pioceeu with theii woik as to subsequent
poitions of the piopeity sought to be expiopiiateu, anu may fiom time to time so
ueal with such piopeity. The commis-sioneis shall make a full anu accuiate iepoit
to the couit of all theii pioceeuings, anu such pioceeuings shall not be effectual until
the couit shall have accepteu theii iepoit anu ienueieu juugment in accoiuance
with theii iecommenuations. Except as otheiwise expiessly oiueieu by the couit,
such iepoit shall be fileu within sixty (6u) uays fiom the uate the commissioneis
weie notifieu of theii appointment, which time may be extenueu in the uiscietion of
the couit. 0pon the filing of such iepoit, the cleik of the couit shall seive copies
theieof on all inteiesteu paities, with notice that they aie alloweu ten (1u) uays
within which to file objections to the finuings of the iepoit, if they so uesiie. (7a)
141
SEC. 8. H1#"'. +3'. 1'99",,"'.%2,_ 2%3'2#=R0pon the expiiation of the peiiou
of ten (1u) uays iefeiieu to in the pieceuing section, oi even befoie the expiiation of
such peiiou but aftei all the inteiesteu paities have fileu theii objections to the
iepoit oi theii statement of agieement theiewith, the couit may, aftei heaiing,
accept the iepoit anu ienuei juugment in accoiuance theiewith; oi, foi cause
shown, it may iecommit the same to the commissioneis foi fuithei iepoit of facts;
oi it may set asiue the iepoit anu appoint new commissioneis; oi it may accept the
iepoit in pait anu ieject it in pait; anu it may make such oiuei oi ienuei such
juugment as shall secuie to the plaintiff the piopeity essential to the exeicise of his
iight of expiopiiation, anu to the uefenuant just compensation foi the piopeity so
taken. (8a)
SEC. Y= G.1%2#0". '/.%2,)"3? 1'.($"1#".6 1$0"9,=RIf the owneiship of the
piopeity taken is unceitain, oi theie aie conflicting claims to any pait theieof, the
couit may oiuei any sum oi sums awaiueu as compensation foi the piopeity to be
paiu to the couit foi the benefit of the peison aujuugeu in the same pioceeuing to be
entitleu theieto. But the juugment shall iequiie the payment of the sum oi sums
awaiueu to eithei the uefenuant oi the couit befoie the plaintiff can entei upon the
piopeity, oi ietain it foi the public use oi puipose if entiy has alieauy been maue.
(9a)
SEC. 1u. *"6)#, '( 3$0".#"(( 0(#%2 B+869%.# 0.8 30;9%.#=R 0pon payment by the
plaintiff to the uefenuant of the compensation fixeu by the juugment, with legal
inteiest theieon fiom the taking of the possession of the piopeity, oi aftei tenuei to
him of the amount so fixeu anu payment of the costs, the plaintiff shall have the iight
to entei upon the piopeity expiopiiateu anu to appiopiiate it foi the public use oi
puipose uefineu in the juugment, oi to ietain it shoulu he have taken immeuiate
possession theieof unuei the piovisions of section 2 heieof. If the uefenuant anu his
counsel absent themselves fiom the couit, oi uecline to ieceive the amount
tenueieu, the same shall be oiueieu to be uepositeu in couit anu such ueposit shall
have the same effect as actual payment theieof to the uefenuant oi the peison
ultimately aujuugeu entitleu theieto. (1ua)
SEC. 11. J.#2; .'# 8%$0;%8 4; 033%0$? %((%1# '( 2%7%2,0$=R The iight of the
plaintiff to entei upon the piopeity of the uefenuant anu appiopiiate the same foi
public use oi puipose shall not be uelayeu by an appeal fiom the juugment. But if
the appellate couit ueteimines that plaintiff has no iight of expiopiiation, juugment
shall be ienueieu oiueiing the Regional Tiial Couit to foithwith enfoice the
iestoiation to the uefenuant of the possession of the piopeity, anu to ueteimine the
uamages which the uefenuant sustaineu anu may iecovei by ieason of the
possession taken by the plaintiff. (11a)
142
SEC. 12. 5',#,< 4; /)'9 30"8=RThe fees of the commis-sioneis shall be taxeu as
a pait of the costs of the pioceeuings. All costs, except those of iival claimants
litigating theii claims, shall be paiu by the plaintiff, unless an appeal is taken by the
ownei of the piopeity anu the juugment is affiimeu, in which event the costs of the
appeal shall be paiu by the ownei. (12a)
SEC. 1S. *%1'28".6 B+869%.#< 0.8 "#, %((%1#.The juugment enteieu in
expiopiiation pioceeuings shall state uefinitely, by an auequate uesciiption, the
paiticulai piopeity oi inteiest theiein expiopiiateu, anu the natuie of the public
use oi puipose foi which it is expiopiiateu. When ieal estate is expiopiiateu, a
ceitifieu copy of such juugment shall be iecoiueu in the iegistiy of ueeus of the
place in which the piopeity is situateu, anu its effect shall be to vest in the plaintiff
the title to the ieal estate so uesciibeu foi such public use oi puipose. (1Sa)
SEC. 14. D'/%2 '( 6+028"0. ". ,+1) 32'1%%8".6,.The guaiuian oi guaiuian 08
$"#%9 of a minoi oi of a peison juuicially ueclaieu to be incompetent may, with the
appioval of the couit fiist hau, uo anu peifoim on behalf of his waiu any act, mattei,
oi thing iespecting the expiopiiation foi public use oi puipose of piopeity
belonging to such minoi oi peison juuicially ueclaieu to be incompetent, which such
minoi oi peison juuicially ueclaieu to be incompetent coulu uo in such pioceeuings
if he weie of age oi competent. (14a)

!"#$ 9<
4+!$2#+."!$ +4 !$)# $./)/$ 8+!/')'$
SECTI0N 1. 5'93$0".# ". 01#"'. ('2 ('2%1$',+2%=RIn an action foi the
foieclosuie of a moitgage oi othei encumbiance upon ieal estate, the complaint
shall set foith the uate anu uue execution of the moitgage; its assignments, if any;
the names anu iesiuences of the moitgagoi anu the moitgagee; a uesciiption of the
moitgageu piopeity; a statement of the uate of the note oi othei uocumentaiy
eviuence of the obligation secuieu by the moitgage, the amount claimeu to be
unpaiu theieon; anu the names anu iesiuences of all peisons having oi claiming an
inteiest in the piopeity suboiuinate in iight to that of the holuei of the moitgage, all
of whom shall be maue uefenuants in the action. (1a)
14S
SEC. 2. @+869%.# '. ('2%1$',+2% foi 30;9%.# '2 ,0$%=RIf upon the tiial in such
action the couit shall finu the facts set foith in the complaint to be tiue, it shall
asceitain the amount uue to the plaintiff upon the moitgage uebt oi obligation,
incluuing inteiest anu othei chaiges as appioveu by the couit, anu costs, anu shall
ienuei juugment foi the sum so founu uue anu oiuei that the same be paiu to the
couit oi to the juugment obligee within a peiiou of not less than ninety (9u) uays
noi moie than one hunuieu twenty (12u) uays fiom the entiy of juugment, anu that
in uefault of such payment the piopeity shall be solu at public auction to satisfy the
juugment. (2a)
SEC. S. >0$% '( 9'2#606%8 32'3%2#;? %((%1#=RWhen the uefenuant, aftei being
uiiecteu to uo so as pioviueu in the next pieceuing section, fails to pay the amount
of the juugment within the peiiou specifieu theiein, the couit, upon motion, shall
oiuei the piopeity to be solu in the mannei anu unuei the piovisions of Rule S9 anu
othei iegulations goveining sales of ieal estate unuei execution. Such sale shall not
affect the iights of peisons holuing piioi encumbiances upon the piopeity oi a pait
theieof, anu when confiimeu by an oiuei of the couit, also upon motion, it shall
opeiate to uivest the iights in the piopeity of all the paities to the action anu to vest
theii iights in the puichasei, subject to such iights of ieuemption as may be alloweu
by law.
0pon the finality of the oiuei of confiimation oi upon the expiiation of the
peiiou of ieuemption when alloweu by law, the puichasei at the auction sale oi last
ieuemptionei, if any, shall be entitleu to the possession of the piopeity unless a
thiiu paity is actually holuing the same auveisely to the juugment obligoi. The saiu
puichasei oi last ieuemptionei may secuie a wiit of possession, upon motion, fiom
the couit which oiueieu the foieclosuie. (Sa)
SEC. 4. K",3',"#"'. '( 32'1%%8, '( ,0$%=RThe amount iealizeu fiom the
foieclosuie sale of the moitgageu piopeity shall, aftei ueuucting the costs of the
sale, be paiu to the peison foieclosing the moitgage, anu when theie shall be any
balance oi iesiuue, aftei paying off the moitgage uebt uue, the same shall be paiu to
junioi encumbianceis in the oiuei of theii piioiity, to be asceitaineu by the couit,
oi if theie be no such encumbianceis oi theie be a balance oi iesiuue aftei payment
to them, then to the moitgagoi oi his uuly authoiizeu agent, oi to the peison
entitleu to it. (4a)
SEC. S. S'/ ,0$% #' 32'1%%8 ". 10,% #)% 8%4# ", .'# 0$$ 8+%=R If the uebt foi which
the moitgage oi encumbiance was helu is not all uue as pioviueu in the juugment,
as soon as a sufficient poition of the piopeity has been solu to pay the total amount
anu the costs uue, the sale shall teiminate; anu afteiwaius, as often as moie
144
becomes uue foi piincipal oi inteiest anu othei valiu chaiges, the couit may, on
motion, oiuei moie to be solu. But if the piopeity cannot be solu in poitions
without piejuuice to the paities, the whole shall be oiueieu to be solu in the fiist
instance, anu the entiie uebt anu costs shall be paiu, if the pioceeus of the sale be
sufficient theiefoi, theie being a iebate of inteiest wheie such iebate is piopei. (Sa)
SEC. 6. K%("1"%.1; B+869%.#=RIf upon the sale of any ieal piopeity as pioviueu
in the next pieceuing section theie be a balance uue to the plaintiff aftei applying
the pioceeus of the sale, the couit, upon motion, shall ienuei juugment against the
uefenuant foi any such balance foi which, by the iecoiu of the case, he may be
peisonally liable to the plaintiff, upon which execution may issue immeuiately if the
balance is all uue at the time of the ienuition of the juugment; otheiwise, the
plaintiff shall be entitleu to execution at such time as the balance iemaining
becomes uue unuei the teims of the oiiginal contiact, which time shall be stateu in
the juugment. (6a)
SEC. 7. *%6",#20#"'.=RA ceitifieu copy of the final oiuei of the couit confiiming
the sale shall be iegisteieu in the iegistiy of ueeus. If no iight of ieuemption exists,
the ceitificate of title in the name of the moitgagoi shall be cancelleu, anu a new one
issueu in the name of the puichasei.
Wheie a iight of ieuemption exists, the ceitificate of title in the name of the
moitgagoi shall not be cancelleu, but the ceitificate of sale anu the oiuei confiiming
the sale shall be iegisteieu anu a biief memoianuum theieof maue by the iegistiai
of ueeus upon the ceitificate of title. In the event the piopeity is ieueemeu, the ueeu
of ieuemption shall be iegisteieu with the iegistiy of ueeus, anu a biief
memoianuum theieof shall be maue by the iegistiai of ueeus on saiu ceitificate of
title.
If the piopeity is not ieueemeu, the final ueeu of sale executeu by the sheiiff in
favoi of the puichasei at the foieclosuie sale shall be iegisteieu with the iegistiy of
ueeus; wheieupon the ceitificate of title in the name '( the moitgagoi shall be
cancelleu anu a new one issueu in the name of the puichasei. (n)
SEC. 8. H33$"104"$"#; '( '#)%2 32'7","'.,=RThe piovisions of sections S1, S2 anu
S4 of Rule S9 shall be applicable to the juuicial foieclosuie of ieal estate moitgages
unuei this Rule insofai as the foimei aie not inconsistent with oi may seive to
supplement the piovisions of the lattei. (8a)

14S
!"#$ 9=
*)!/-/-+(
SECTI0N 1. 5'93$0".# ". 01#"'. ('2 302#"#"'. '( 2%0$ %,#0#%=RA peison having
the iight to compel the paitition of ieal estate may uo so as pioviueu in this Rule,
setting foith in his complaint the natuie anu extent of his title anu an 08%V+0#%
uesciiption of the ieal estate of which paitition is uemanueu anu joining as
uefenuants all othei peisons inteiesteu in the piopeity. (1a)
SEC. 2. :28%2 ('2 302#"#"'.< 0.8 302#"#"'.< 4; 062%%9%.# #)%2%+.8%2=RIf aftei the
tiial the couit finus that the plaintiff has the iight theieto, it shall oiuei the paitition
of the ieal estate among all the paities in inteiest. Theieupon the paities may, if
they aie able to agiee, make the paitition among themselves by piopei instiuments
of conveyance, anu the couit shall confiim the paitition so agieeu upon by all the
paities, anu such paitition, togethei with the oiuei of the couit confiiming the same,
shall be iecoiueu in the iegistiy of ueeus of the place in which the piopeity is
situateu. (2a)
A final oiuei uecieeing paitition anu accounting may be appealeu by any paity
aggiieveu theieby. (n)
SEC. S. 5'99",,"'.%2, #' 90I% 302#"#"'. /)%. 302#"%, (0"$ #' 062%%=RIf the
paities aie unable to agiee upon the paitition, the couit shall appoint not moie than
thiee (S) competent anu uisinteiesteu peisons as commissioneis to make the
paitition, commanuing them to set off to the plaintiff anu to each paity in inteiest
such pait anu piopoition of the piopeity as the couit shall uiiect. (Sa)
SEC. 4. :0#) 0.8 8+#"%, '( 1'99",,"'.%2,=RBefoie making such paitition, the
commissioneis shall take anu subsciibe an oath that they will faithfully peifoim
theii uuties as commissioneis, which oath shall be fileu in couit with the othei
pioceeuings in the case. In making the paitition, the commissioneis shall view anu
examine the ieal estate, aftei uue notice to the paities to attenu at such view anu
examination, anu shall heai the paities as to theii piefeience in the poition of the
piopeity to be set apait to them anu the compaiative value theieof, anu shall set
apait the same to the paities in lots oi paicels as will be most auvantageous anu
equitable, having uue iegaiu to the impiovements, situation anu quality of the
uiffeient paits theieof. (4a)
SEC. S. H,,"6.9%.# '2 ,0$% '( 2%0$ %,#0#% 4; 1'99",,"'.%2,=RWhen it is maue to
146
appeai to the commissioneis that the ieal estate, oi a poition theieof, cannot be
uiviueu without piejuuice to the inteiests of the paities, the couit may oiuei it
assigneu to one of the paities willing to take the same, pioviueu he pays to the othei
paities such amounts as the commissioneis ueem equitable, unless one of the
inteiesteu paities asks that the piopeity be solu insteau of being so assigneu, in
which case the couit shall oiuei the commissioneis to sell the ieal estate at public
sale unuei such conuitions anu within such time as the couit may ueteimine. (Sa)
SEC. 6. *%3'2# '( 1'99",,"'.%2,? 32'1%%8".6, .'# 4".8".6 +.#"$ 1'.("29%8=RThe
commissioneis shall make a full anu accuiate iepoit to the couit of all theii
pioceeuings as to the paitition, oi the assignment of ieal estate to one of the paities,
oi the sale of the same. 0pon the filing of such iepoit, the cleik of couit shall seive
copies theieof on all the inteiesteu paities with notice that they aie alloweu ten (1u)
uays within which to file objections to the finuings of the iepoit, if they so
uesiie. No pioceeuing hau befoie oi conuucteu by the commissioneis shall pass the
title to the piopeity oi binu the paities until the couit shall have accepteu the iepoit
of the commissioneis anu ienueieu juugment theieon. (6a)
SEC. 7. H1#"'. '( #)% 1'+2# +3'. 1'99",,"'.%2,_ 2%3'2#=R 0pon the expiiation of
the peiiou of ten (1u) uays iefeiieu to in the pieceuing section, oi even befoie the
expiiation of such peiiou but aftei the inteiesteu paities have fileu theii objections
to the iepoit oi theii statement of agieement theiewith, the couit may, upon
heaiing, accept the iepoit anu ienuei juugment in accoiuance theiewith; oi, foi
cause shown, iecommit the same to the commissioneis foi fuithei iepoit of facts; oi
set asiue the iepoit anu appoint new commissioneis; oi accept the iepoit in pait
anu ieject it in pait; anu may make such oiuei anu ienuei such juugment as shall
effectuate a faii anu just paitition of the ieal estate, oi of its value, if assigneu oi solu
as above pioviueu, between the seveial owneis theieof. (7)
SEC. 8. H11'+.#".6 ('2 2%.# 0.8 32'("#, ". 01#"'. ('2 302#"#"'.=RIn an action foi
paitition in accoiuance with this Rule, a paity shall iecovei fiom anothei his just
shaie of ients anu piofits ieceiveu by such othei paity fiom the ieal estate in
question, anu the juugment shall incluue an allowance foi such ients anu piofits.
(8a)
SEC. 9. D'/%2 '( 6+028"0. ". ,+1) 32'1%%8".6,.The guaiuian oi guaiuian 08
$"#%9 of a minoi oi peison juuicially ueclaieu to be incompetent may, with the
appioval of the couit fiist hau, uo anu peifoim on behalf of his waiu any act, mattei,
oi thing iespecting the paitition of ieal estate, which the minoi oi peison juuicially
ueclaieu to be incompetent coulu uo in paitition pioceeuings if he weie of age oi
competent. (9a)
147
SEC. 1u. 5',#, 0.8 %L3%.,%, #' 4% #0L%8 0.8 1'$$%1#%8.The couit shall
equitably tax anu appoition between oi among the paities the costs anu expenses
which acciue in the action, incluuing the compensation of the commissioneis,
having iegaiu to the inteiests of the paities, anu execution may issue theiefoi as in
othei cases. (1ua)
SEC. 11. !)% B+869%.# 0.8 "#, %((%1#? 1'3; #' 4% 2%1'28%8 ". 2%6",#2; '( 8%%8,=RIf
actual paitition of piopeity is maue, the juugment shall state uefinitely, by metes
anu bounus anu auequate uesciiption, the paiticulai poition of the ieal estate
assigneu to each paity, anu the effect of the juugment shall be to vest in each paity
to the action in seveialty the poition of the ieal estate assigneu to him. If the whole
piopeity is assigneu to one of the paities upon his paying to the otheis the sum oi
sums oiueieu by the couit, the juugment shall state the fact of such payment anu of
the assignment of the ieal estate to the paity making the payment, anu the effect of
the juugment shall be to vest in the paity making the payment the whole of the ieal
estate fiee fiom any inteiest on the pait of the othei paities to the action. If the
piopeity is solu anu the sale confiimeu by the couit, the juugment shall state the
name of the puichasei oi puichaseis anu a uefinite uesciiption of the paicels of ieal
estate solu to each puichasei, anu the effect of the juugment shall be to vest the ieal
estate in the puichasei oi puichaseis making the payment oi payments, fiee fiom
the claims of any of the paities to the action. A ceitifieu copy of the juugment shall
in eithei case be iecoiueu in the iegistiy of ueeus of the place in which the ieal
estate is situateu, anu the expenses of such iecoiuing shall be taxeu as pait of the
costs of the action. (11a)
SEC. 12. E%"#)%2 30209'+.# 2"6)#, .'2 09"104$% 302#"#"'. 0((%1#%8 4; #)",
Rule.Nothing in this Rule containeu shall be constiueu so as to piejuuice, uefeat,
oi uestioy the iight oi title of any peison claiming the ieal estate involveu by title
unuei any othei peison, oi by title paiamount to the title of the paities among
whom the paitition may have been maue; noi so as to iestiict oi pievent peisons
holuing ieal estate jointly oi in common fiom making an amicable paitition theieof
by agieement anu suitable instiuments of conveyance without iecouise to an action.
(12a)
SEC. 1S. D02#"#"'. '( 3%2,'.0$ 32'3%2#;=RThe piovisions of this Rule shall apply
to paititions of estates composeu of peisonal piopeity, oi of both ieal anu peisonal
piopeity, in so fai as the same may be applicable. (1S)

148
!"#$ ;>
4+!2-A#$ $(/!1 )(0 "(#)?4"# 0$/)-($!
SECTI0N 1. C)' 90; ".,#"#+#% 32'1%%8".6,< 0.8 /)%.=RSubject to the
piovisions of the next succeeuing section, a peison uepiiveu of the possession of any
lanu oi builuing by foice, intimiuation, thieat, stiategy, oi stealth, oi a lessoi,
venuoi, venuee, oi othei peison against whom the possession of any lanu oi
builuing is unlawfully withhelu aftei the expiiation oi teimination of the iight to
holu possession, by viitue of any contiact, expiess oi implieu, oi the legal
iepiesentatives oi assigns of any such lessoi, venuoi, venuee, oi othei peison may
at any time within one (1) yeai aftei such unlawful uepiivation oi withholuing of
possession, biing an action in the piopei Nunicipal Tiial Couit against the peison oi
peisons unlawfully withholuing oi uepiiving of posses-sion, oi any peison oi
peisons claiming unuei them, foi the iestitu-tion of such possession, togethei with
uamages anu costs. (1a)
SEC. 2. W%,,'2 #' 32'1%%8 060".,# $%,,%% '.$; 0(#%2 8%90.8=R0nless otheiwise
stipulateu, such action by the lessoi shall be commenceu only aftei uemanu to pay
oi comply with the conuitions of the lease anu to vacate is maue upon the lessee, oi
by seiving wiitten notice of such uemanu upon the peison founu on the piemises, oi
by posting such notice on the piemises if no peison be founu theieon, anu the lessee
fails to comply theiewith aftei fifteen (1S) uays in the case of lanu oi five (S) uays in
the case of builuings. (2a)
SEC. S. >+9902; 32'1%8+2%=Except in cases coveieu by the agiicultuial
tenancy laws oi when the law otheiwise expiessly pioviues, all actions foi foicible
entiy anu unlawful uetainei, iiiespective of the amount of uamages oi unpaiu
ientals sought to be iecoveieu, shall be goveineu by the summaiy pioceuuie
heieunuei pioviueu. (n)
SEC. 4. D$%08".6, 0$$'/%8=RThe only pleauings alloweu to be fileu aie the
complaint, compulsoiy counteiclaim anu cioss-claim pleaueu in the answei, anu the
answeis theieto. All pleauings shall be veiifieu. (Sa, RSP)
SEC. S. H1#"'. '. 1'93$0".#=RThe couit may, fiom an examination of the
allegations in the complaint anu such eviuence as may be attacheu theieto, uismiss
the case outiight on any of the giounus foi the uismissal of a civil action which aie
appaient theiein. If no giounu foi uismissal is founu, it shall foithwith issue
summons. (n)
149
SEC. 6. Answei.Within ten (1u) uays fiom seivice of summons, the
uefenuant shall file his answei to the complaint anu seive a copy theieof on the
plaintiff. Affiimative anu negative uefenses not pleaueu theiein shall be ueemeu
waiveu, except lack of juiisuiction ovei the subject mattei. Cioss-claims anu
compulsoiy counteiclaims not asseiteu in the answei shall be consiueieu
baiieu. The answei to counteiclaims oi cioss-claims shall be seiveu anu fileu
within ten (1u) uays fiom seivice of the answei in which they aie pleaueu. (S, RSP)
SEC. 7. J((%1# '( (0"$+2% #' 0.,/%2=RShoulu the uefenuant fail to answei the
complaint within the peiiou above pioviueu, the couit, 9'#+ 32'32"' oi on motion of
the plaintiff, shall ienuei juugment as may be waiianteu by the facts allegeu in the
complaint anu limiteu to what is piayeu foi theiein. The couit may in its uiscietion
ieuuce the amount of uamages anu attoiney's fees claimeu foi being excessive oi
otheiwise unconscionable, without piejuuice to the applicability of section S(c),
Rule 9 if theie aie two oi moie uefenuants. (6, RSP)
SEC. 8. D2%$"9".02; 1'.(%2%.1%? 033%020.1% of paities.Not latei than thiity
(Su) uays aftei the last answei is fileu, a pieliminaiy confeience shall be helu. The
piovisions of Rule 18 on pie-tiial shall be applicable to the pieliminaiy confeience
unless inconsistent with the piovisions of this Rule.
The failuie of the plaintiff to appeai in the pieliminaiy confeience shall be
cause foi the uismissal of his complaint. The uefenuant who appeais in the absence
of the plaintiff shall be entitleu to juugment on his counteiclaim in accoiuance with
the next pieceuing section. All cioss-claims shall be uismisseu. (7, RSP)
If a sole uefenuant shall fail to appeai, the plaintiff shall likewise be entitleu to
juugment in accoiuance with the next pieceuing section. This pioceuuie shall not
apply wheie one 0f two oi moie uefenuants sueu unuei a common cause of action
who hau pleaueu a common uefense shall appeai at the pieliminaiy confeience.
No postponement of the pieliminaiy confeience shall be gianteu except foi
highly meiitoiious giounus anu without piejuuice to such sanctions as the couit in
the exeicise of sounu uiscietion may impose on the movant. (n)
SEC. 9. *%1'28 '( 32%$"9".02; 1'.(%2%.1%.Within five (S) uays aftei the
teimination of the pieliminaiy confeience, the couit shall issue an oiuei stating the
matteis taken up theiein, incluuing but not limiteu to:
1. Whethei the paities have aiiiveu at an amicable settlement, anu if
so, the teims theieof;
2. The stipulations oi aumissions enteieu into by the paities;
1Su
S. Whethei, on the basis of the pleauings anu the stipula-tions anu
aumissions maue by the paities, juugment may be ienueieu without the neeu
of fuithei pioceeuings, in which event the juugment shall be ienueieu within
thiity (Su) uays fiom issuance of the oiuei;
4. A cleai specification of mateiial facts which iemain contioveiteu;
anu
S. Such othei matteis intenueu to expeuite the uisposition of the case.
(8, RSP)
SEC. 1u. >+49",,"'. '( 0(("807"#, 0.8 3',"#"'. 303%2,=R Within ten (1u) uays
fiom ieceipt of the oiuei mentioneu in the next pieceuing section, the paities shall
submit the affiuavits of theii witnesses anu othei eviuence on the factual issues
uefineu in the oiuei, togethei with theii position papeis setting foith the law anu
the facts ielieu upon by them. (9, RSP)
SEC. 11. D%2"'8 ('2 2%.8"#"'. '( B+869%.#=RWithin thiity (Su) uays aftei ieceipt
of the affiuavits anu position papeis, oi the expiiation of the peiiou foi filing the
same, the couit shall ienuei juugment.
Bowevei, shoulu the couit finu it necessaiy to claiify ceitain mateiial facts, it
may, uuiing the saiu peiiou, issue an oiuei specifying the matteis to be claiifieu,
anu iequiie the paities to submit affiuavits oi othei eviuence on the saiu matteis
within ten (1u) uays fiom ieceipt of saiu oiuei. }uugment shall be ienueieu within
fifteen (1S) uays aftei the ieceipt of the last affiuavit oi the expiiation of the peiiou
foi filing the same.
The couit shall not iesoit to the foiegoing pioceuuie just to gain time foi the
ienuition of the juugment. (n)
SEC. 12. *%(%220$ ('2 1'.1"$"0#"'.=RCases iequiiing iefeiial foi conciliation,
wheie theie is no showing of compliance with such iequiiement, shall be uismisseu
without piejuuice, anu may be ieviveu only aftei that iequiiement shall have been
complieu with. (18a, RSP)
SEC. 1S. D2')"4"#%8 3$%08".6, 0.8 9'#"'.,=RThe following petitions, motions,
oi pleauings shall not be alloweu:
1. Notion to uismiss the complaint except on the giounu of lack of
juiisuiction ovei the subject mattei, oi failuie to comply with section 12;
2. Notion foi a bill of paiticulais;
S. Notion foi new tiial, oi foi ieconsiueiation of a juugment, oi foi
1S1
ieopening of tiial;
4. Petition foi ielief fiom juugment;
S. Notion foi extension of time to file pleauings, affiuavits oi any
othei papei;
6. Nemoianua;
7. Petition foi ceitioiaii, manuamus, oi piohibition against any
inteilocutoiy oiuei issueu by the couit;
8. Notion to ueclaie the uefenuant in uefault;
9. Bilatoiy motions foi postponement;
1u. Reply;
11. Thiiu-paity complaints;
12. Inteiventions. (19a, RSP)
SEC. 14. H(("807"#,=RThe affiuavits iequiieu to be submitteu unuei this Rule
shall state only facts of uiiect peisonal knowleuge of the affiants which aie
aumissible in eviuence, anu shall show theii competence to testify to the matteis
stateu theiein.
A violation of this iequiiement may subject the paity oi the counsel who
submits the same to uisciplinaiy action, anu shall be cause to expunge the
inaumissible affiuavit oi poition theieof fiom the iecoiu. (2u, *>DP
SEC. 1S. D2%$"9".02; ".B+.1#"'.=RThe couit may giant pieliminaiy injunction,
in accoiuance with the piovisions of Rule S8 heieof, to pievent the uefenuant fiom
committing fuithei acts of uispossession against the plaintiff.
A possessoi uepiiveu of his possession thiough foicible entiy oi unlawful
uetainei may, within five (S) uays fiom the filing of the complaint, piesent a motion
in the action foi foicible entiy oi unlawful uetainei foi the issuance of a wiit of
pieliminaiy manuatoiy injunction to iestoie him in his possession. The couit shall
ueciue the motion within thiity (Su) uays fiom the filing theieof. (Sa)
SEC. 16. *%,'$7".6 8%(%.,% '( '/.%2,)"3.When the uefenuant iaises the
uefense of owneiship in his pleauings anu the question of possession cannot be
iesolveu without ueciuing the issue of owneiship, the issue of owneiship shall be
iesolveu only to ueteimine the issue of possession. (4a)
1S2
SEC. 17. @+869%.#=RIf aftei tiial the couit finus that the allegations of the
complaint aie tiue, it shall ienuei juugment in favoi of the plaintiff foi the
iestitution of the piemises, the sum justly uue as aiieais of ient oi as ieasonable
compensation foi the use anu occupation of the piemises, attoiney's fees anu costs.
If it finus that saiu allegations aie not tiue, it shall ienuei juugment foi the
uefenuant to iecovei his costs. If a counteiclaim is establisheu, the couit shall
ienuei juugment foi the sum founu in aiieais fiom eithei paity anu awaiu costs as
justice iequiies. (6a)
SEC. 18. @+869%.# 1'.1$+,"7% '.$; '. 3',,%,,"'.? .'# 1'.1$+,"7% ". 01#"'.,
".7'$7".6 #"#$% '2 '/.%2,)"3=RThe juugment ienueieu in an action foi foicible entiy
oi uetainei shall be conclusive with iespect to the possession only anu shall in no
wise binu the title oi affect the owneiship of the lanu oi builuing. Such juugment
shall not bai an action between the same paities iespecting title to the lanu oi
builuing.
The juugment oi final oiuei shall be appealable to the appiopiiate Regional
Tiial Couit which shall ueciue the same on the basis of the entiie iecoiu of the
pioceeuings hau in the couit of oiigin anu such memoianua anuoi biiefs as may be
submitteu by the paities oi iequiieu by the Regional Tiial Couit. (7a)
SEC. 19. -99%8"0#% %L%1+#"'. '( B+869%.#? )'/ #' ,#0; ,09%=RIf juugment is
ienueieu against the uefenuant, execution shall issue immeuiately upon motion,
unless an appeal has been peifecteu anu the uefenuant to stay execution files a
sufficient supeiseueas bonu, appioveu by the Nunicipal Tiial Couit anu executeu in
favoi of the plaintiff to pay the ients, uamages, anu costs acciuing uown to the time
of the juugment appealeu fiom, anu unless, uuiing the penuency of the appeal, he
ueposits with the appellate couit the amount of ient uue fiom time to time unuei
the contiact, if any, as ueteimineu by the juugment of the Nunicipal Tiial Couit. In
the absence of a contiact, he shall ueposit with the Regional Tiial Couit the
ieasonable value of the use anu occupation of the piemises foi the pieceuing month
oi peiiou at the iate ueteimineu by the juugment of the lowei couit on oi befoie the
tenth uay of each succeeuing month oi peiiou. The supeiseueas bonu shall be
tiansmitteu by the Nunicipal Tiial Couit, with the othei papeis, to the cleik of the
Regional Tiial Couit to which the action is appealeu.
All amounts so paiu to the appellate couit shall be uepositeu with saiu couit oi
authoiizeu goveinment uepositaiy bank, anu shall be helu theie until the final
uisposition of the appeal, unless the couit, by agieement of the inteiesteu paities, oi
in the absence of ieasonable giounus of opposition to a motion to withuiaw, oi foi
justifiable ieasons, shall ueciee otheiwise. Shoulu the uefenuant fail to make the
1SS
payments above piesciibeu fiom time to time uuiing the penuency of the appeal,
the appellate couit, upon motion of the plaintiff, anu upon pioof of such failuie, shall
oiuei the execution of the juugment appealeu fiom with iespect to the iestoiation
of possession, but such execution shall not be a bai to the appeal taking its couise
until the final uisposition theieof on the meiits.
Aftei the case is ueciueu by the Regional Tiial Couit, any money paiu to the
couit by the uefenuant foi puiposes of the stay of execution shall be uisposeu of in
accoiuance with the piovisions of the juugment of the Regional Tiial Couit. In any
case wheiein it appeais that the uefenuant has been uepiiveu of the lawful
possession of lanu oi builuing penuing the appeal 4; viitue of the execution of the
juugment of the Nunicipal Tiial Couit, uamages foi such uepiivation of possession
anu iestoiation of possession may be alloweu the uefenuant in the juugment of the
Regional Tiial Couit uisposing of the appeal. (8a)
SEC. 2u. D2%$"9".02; 90.80#'2; ".B+.1#"'. ". 10,% '( 033%0$.0pon motion of
the plaintiff, within ten (1u) uays fiom the peifection of the appeal to the Regional
Tiial Couit, the lattei may issue a wiit of pieliminaiy manuatoiy injunction to
iestoie the plaintiff in possession if the couit is satisfieu that the uefenuant's appeal
is fiivolous oi uilatoiy, oi that the appeal of the plaintiff is 32"90 (01"% meiitoiious.
(9a)
SEC. 21. -99%8"0#% %L%1+#"'. '. 033%0$ #' 5'+2# '( H33%0$, '2 >+32%9% 5'+2#
=RThe juugment of the Regional Tiial Couit against the uefenuant shall be
immeuiately executoiy, without piejuuice to a fuithei appeal that may be taken
theiefiom. (1ua)

!"#$ ;&
2+(/$8*/
SECTI0N 1. K"2%1# 1'.#%93# 3+.",)%8 ,+9902"$;.A peison guilty of
misbehavioi in the piesence of oi so neai a couit as to obstiuct oi inteiiupt the
pioceeuings befoie the same, incluuing uisiespect towaiu the couit, offensive
peisonalities towaiu otheis, oi iefusal to be swoin oi to answei as a witness, oi to
subsciibe an affiuavit oi ueposition when lawfully iequiieu to uo so, may be
summaiily aujuugeu in contempt by such couit anu punisheu by a fine not
exceeuing two thousanu pesos oi impiisonment not exceeuing ten (1u) uays, oi
1S4
both, if it be a Regional Tiial Couit oi a couit of equivalent oi highei iank, oi by a
fine not exceeuing two hunuieu pesos oi impiisonment net exceeuing (1) uay, oi
both, if it be a lowei couit. (1a)
SEC. 2. *%9%8; #)%2%(2'9=RThe peison aujuugeu in uiiect contempt by any
couit may not appeal theiefiom, but may avail himself of the iemeuies of ceitioiaii
oi piohibition. The execution of the juugment shall be suspenueu penuing
iesolution of such petition, pioviueu such peison flea a bonu fixeu by the couit
which ienueieu the juugment anu conuitioneu that he will abiue by anu peifoim the
juugment shoulu the petition be ueciueu against him. (2a)
SEC. S. -.8"2%1# 1'.#%93# #' 4% 3+.",)%8 0(#%2 1)026% 0.8 )%02".6=RAftei a
chaige in wiiting has been fileu, anu an oppoitunity given to the iesponuent to
1'99%.# theieon within such peiiou as may be fixeu by the couit anu to be heaiu by
himself oi counsel, a peison guilty of any of the following acts may be punisheu foi
inuiiect contempt:
(a) Nisbehavioi of an officei of a couit in the peifoimance of his
official uuties oi in his official tiansactions;
(b) Bisobeuience of oi iesistance to a lawful wiit, piocess, oiuei, oi
juugment of a couit, incluuing the act of a peison who, aftei being
uispossesseu oi ejecteu fiom any ieal piopeity by the juugment oi piocess of
any couit of competent juiisuiction, enteis oi attempts oi inuuces anothei to
entei into oi upon such ieal piopeity, foi the puipose of executing acts of
owneiship oi possession, oi in any mannei uistuibs the possession given to
the peison aujuugeu to be entitleu theieto;
(c) Any abuse of oi any unlawful inteifeience with the piocesses oi
pioceeuings of a couit not constituting uiiect contempt unuei section 1 of this
Rule;
(u) Any impiopei conuuct tenuing, uiiectly oi inuiiectly, to impeue,
obstiuct, oi uegiaue the auministiation of justice;
(e) Assuming to be an attoiney oi an officei of a couit, anu acting as
such without authoiity;
(f) Failuie to obey a subpoena uuly seiveu;
(g) The iescue, oi attempteu iescue, of a peison oi piopeity in the
custouy of an officei by viitue of an oiuei oi piocess of a couit helu by him.
But nothing in this section shall be so constiueu as to pievent the couit fiom
1SS
issuing piocess to biing the iesponuent into couit, oi fiom holuing him in custouy
penuing such pioceeuings. (Sa)
SEC. 4. S'/ 32'1%%8".6, 1'99%.1%8.Pioceeuings foi inuiiect contempt may
be initiateu 9'#+ 32'32"' by the couit against which the contempt was committeu
by an oiuei oi any othei foimal chaige iequiiing the iesponuent to show cause why
he shoulu not be punisheu foi contempt.
In all othei cases, chaiges foi inuiiect contempt shall be commenceu by a
veiifieu petition with suppoiting paiticulais anu ceitifieu tiue copies of uocuments
oi papeis involveu theiein, anu upon full compliance with the iequiiements foi
filing initiatoiy pleauings foi civil actions in the couit conceineu. If the contempt
chaiges aiose out of oi aie ielateu to a piincipal action penuing in the couit, the
petition foi contempt shall allege that fact but saiu petition shall be uocketeu, heaiu
anu ueciueu sepaiately, unless the couit in its uiscietion oiueis the consoliuation of
the contempt chaige anu the piincipal action foi joint heaiing anu uecision. (n)
SEC. S. C)%2% 1)026% #' 4% ("$%8=RWheie the chaige foi inuiiect contempt has
been committeu against a Regional Tiial Couit oi a couit of equivalent oi highei
iank, oi against an officei appointeu by it, the chaige may be fileu with such
couit. Wheie such contempt has been committeu against a lowei couit, the chaige
may be fileu with the Regional Tiial Couit of the place in which the lowei couit is
sitting; but the pioceeuings may also be instituteu in such lowei couit subject to
appeal to the Regional Tiial Couit of such place in the same mannei as pioviueu in
section 2 of this Rule. (4a)
SEC. ]= S%02".6? 2%$%0,% '. 40"$=RIf the heaiing is not oiueieu to be hau
foithwith, the iesponuent may be ieleaseu fiom custouy upon filing a bonu, in an
amount fixeu by the couit, foi his appeaiance at the heaiing of the chaige. 0n the
uay set theiefoi, the couit shall pioceeu to investigate the chaige anu consiuei such
comment, testimony oi uefense as the iesponuent may make oi offei. (Sa)
SEC. 7. D+.",)9%.# ('2 ".8"2%1# 1'.#%93#=RIf the iesponuent is aujuugeu guilty
of inuiiect contempt committeu against a Regional Tiial Couit oi a couit of
equivalent oi highei iank, he may be punisheu by a fine not exceeuing thiity
thousanu pesos oi impiisonment not exceeuing six (6) months, oi both. If he is
aujuugeu guilty of contempt committeu against a lowei couit, he may be punisheu
by a fine not exceeuing five thousanu pesos oi impiisonment not exceeuing one (1)
month, oi both. If the contempt consists in the violation of a wiit of injunction,
tempoiaiy iestiaining oiuei oi ,#0#+, V+' oiuei, he may also be oiueieu to make
complete iestitution to the paity injuieu by such violation of the piopeity involveu
oi such amount as may be allegeu anu pioveu.
1S6
The wiit of execution, as in oiuinaiy civil actions, shall issue foi the
enfoicement of a juugment imposing a fine unless the couit otheiwise pioviues. (6a)
SEC. 8. -932",'.9%.# +.#"$ '28%2 obeyeu.When the contempt consists in the
iefusal oi omission to uo an act which is yet in the powei of the iesponuent to
peifoim, he may be impiisoneu by oiuei of the couit conceineu until he peifoims it.
(7a)
SEC. Y= D2'1%%8".6 /)%. 302#; 2%$%0,%8 '. 40"$ (0"$, #' 0.,/%2=RWhen a
iesponuent ieleaseu on bail fails to appeai on the uay fixeu foi the heaiing, the
couit may issue anothei oiuei of aiiest oi may oiuei the bonu foi his appeaiance to
be foifeiteu anu confiscateu, oi both; anu, if the bonu be pioceeueu against, the
measuie of uamages shall be the extent of the loss oi injuiy sustaineu by the
aggiieveu paity by ieason of the misconuuct foi which the contempt chaige was
piosecuteu, with the costs of the pioceeuings, anu such iecoveiy shall be foi the
benefit of the paity injuieu. If theie is no aggiieveu paity, the bonu shall be liable
anu uisposeu of as in ciiminal cases. (8a)
SEC. 1u. 5'+2# 90; 2%$%0,% 2%,3'.8%.#=RThe couit which issueu the oiuei
impiisoning a peison foi contempt may uischaige him fiom impiisonment when it
appeais that public inteiest will not be piejuuiceu by his ielease. (9a)
SEC. 11. *%7"%/ '( B+869%.# '2 (".0$ '28%2? 4'.8 ('2 ,#0;=RThe juugment oi
final oiuei of a couit in a case of inuiiect contempt may be appealeu to the piopei
couit as in ciiminal cases. But execution of the juugment oi final oiuei shall not be
suspenueu until a bonu is fileu by the peison aujuugeu in contempt, in an amount
fixeu by the couit fiont which the appeal is taken, conuitioneu that if the appeal be
ueciueu against him he will abiue by anu peifoim the juugment oi final oiuei. (1ua)
SEC. 12. 5'.#%93# 060".,# V+0,"FB+8"1"0$ %.#"#"%,=0nless otheiwise pioviueu
by law, this Rule shall apply to contempt committeu against peisons, entities, bouies
oi agencies exeicising quasi-juuicial functions, oi shall have suppletoiy effect to
such iules as they may have auopteu puisuant to authoiity gianteu to them by law
to punish foi contempt. The Regional Tiial Couit of the place wheiein the contempt
has been committeu shall have juiisuiction ovei such chaiges as may be fileu
theiefoi. (n)




1S7
*)!/ --
.*$2-)# *!+2$$0-('. '$($!)# *!+,-.-+(.
!"#$ ;3
."AD$2/ 8)//$! )(0 )**#-2)A-#-/1 +4 '$($!)# !"#$.
SECTI0N 1. >+4B%1# 90##%2 '( ,3%1"0$ 32'1%%8".6,=RRules of special
pioceeuings aie pioviueu foi in the following cases:
(a) Settlement of estate of ueceaseu peisons;
(b) Escheat;
(c) uuaiuianship anu custouy of chiluien;
(u) Tiustees;
(e) Auoption;
(f) Rescission anu ievocation of auoption;
(g) Bospitalization of insane peisons;
(h) Babeas coipus;
(i) Change of name;
(j) voluntaiy uissolution of coipoiations;
(k) }uuicial appioval of voluntaiy iecognition of minoi natuial
chiluien;
(l) Constitution of family home;
(m) Beclaiation of absence anu ueath
(n) Cancellation oi coiiection of entiies in the civil iegistiy.
SEC. 2. H33$"104"$"#; '( 2+$%, '( 1"7"$ 01#"'.,.In the absence of special
piovisions, the iules pioviueu foi in oiuinaiy actions shall be, as fai as piacticable,
applicable in special pioceeuings.
1S8

.$//#$8$(/ +4 $./)/$ +4 0$2$).$0 *$!.+(.
!"#$ ;5
,$("$ )(0 *!+2$..
SECTI0N 1. C)%2% %,#0#% '( 8%1%0,%8 3%2,'., ,%##$%8=RIf the ueceuent is an
inhabitant of the Philippines at the time of his ueath, whethei a citizen oi an alien,
his will shall be pioveu, oi letteis of auministiation gianteu, anu his estate settleu,
in the Regional Tiial Couit in the piovince in which he iesiues at the time of his
ueath, anu if he is an inhabitant of a foieign countiy, the Regional Tiial Couit of any
piovince in which he hau estate. The couit fiist taking cognizance of the settlement
of the estate of a ueceuent, shall exeicise juiisuiction to the exclusion of all othei
couits. The juiisuiction assumeu by a couit, so fai as it uepenus on the place of
iesiuence of the ueceuent, oi of the location of his estate, shall not be contesteu in a
suit oi pioceeuing, except in an appeal fiom that couit, in the oiiginal case, oi when
the want of juiisuiction appeais on the iecoiu.
SEC. 2. C)%2% %,#0#% ,%##$%8 +3'. 8",,'$+#"'. '( 9022"06%=R When the maiiiage
is uissolveu by the ueath of the husbanu oi wife, the community piopeity shall be
inventoiieu, auministeieu, anu liquiuateu, anu the uebts theieof paiu, in the testate
oi intestate pioceeuings of the ueceaseu spouse. If both spouses have uieu, the
conjugal paitneiship shall be liquiuateu in the testate oi intestate pioceeuings of
eithei.
SEC. S. D2'1%,,=RIn the exeicise of piobate juiisuiction, Regional Tiial Couit
may issue waiiants anu piocess necessaiy to compel the attenuance of witnesses oi
to caiiy into effect theii oiueis anu juugments, anu all othei poweis gianteu them
by law. If a peison uoes not peifoim an oiuei oi juugment ienueieu by a couit in
the exeicise of its piobate juiisuiction, it may issue a waiiant foi the appiehension
anu impiisonment of such peison until he peifoims such oiuei oi juugment, oi is
ieleaseu.
SEC. 4= D2%,+93#"'. '( ueath..Foi puiposes of settlement of his estate, a
peison shall be piesumeu ueau if absent anu unheaiu fiom foi the peiious fixeu in
the Civil Coue. But if such peison pioves to be alive, he shall be entitleu to the
balance of his estate aftei payment of all his uebts. The balance may be iecoveieu by
motion in the same pioceeuing.
1S9

!"#$ ;6
."88)!1 .$//#$8$(/ +4 $./)/$.
SECTI0N 1. JL#20B+8"1"0$ ,%##$%9%.# 4; 062%%9%.# 4%#/%%. )%"2,=RIf the
ueceuent left no will anu no uebts anu the heiis aie all of age, oi the minois aie
iepiesenteu by theii juuicial oi legal iepiesentatives uuly authoiizeu foi the
puipose, the paities may, without secuiing letteis of auministiation, uiviue the
estate among themselves as they see fit by means of a public instiument fileu in the
office of the iegistei of ueeus, anu shoulu they uisagiee, they may uo so in an
oiuinaiy action of paitition. If theie is only one heii, he may aujuuicate to himself
the entiie estate by means of an affiuavit fileu in the office of the iegistei of ueeus.
The paities to an extiajuuicial settlement, whethei by public instiument oi by
stipulation in a penuing action foi paitition, oi the sole heii who aujuuicates the
entiie estate to himself by means of an affiuavit shall file, simultaneously with anu
as a conuition pieceuent to the filing of the public instiument, oi stipulation in the
action foi paitition, oi of the affiuavit in the office of the iegistei of ueeus, a bonu
with the saiu iegistei of ueeus, in an amount equivalent to the value of the peisonal
piopeity involveu as ceitifieu to unuei oath by the paities conceineu anu
conuitioneu upon the payment of any just claim that may be fileu unuei section 4 of
this iule. It shall be piesumeu that the ueceuent left no uebts if no cieuitoi files a
petition foi letteis of auministiation within two (2) yeais aftei the ueath of the
ueceuent.
The fact of the extiajuuicial settlement oi auministiation shall be publisheu in
a newspapei of geneial ciiculation in the mannei pioviueu in the next succeeuing
section; but no extiajuuicial settlement shall be binuing upon any peison who has
not paiticipateu theiein oi hau no notice theieof.
SEC. 2. >+9902; ,%##$%9%.# '( %,#0#%, '( ,90$$ 70$+%=RWhenevei the gioss
value of the estate of a ueceaseu peison, whethei he uieu testate oi intestate, uoes
not exceeu ten thousanu pesos, anu that fact if maue to appeai to the Regional Tiial
Couit having juiisuiction of the estate by the petition of an inteiesteu peison anu
upon heaiing, which shall be helu not less than one (1) month noi moie than thiee
(S) months fiom the uate of the last publication of a notice which shall be publisheu
16u
once a week foi thiee (S) consecutive weeks in a newspapei of geneial ciiculation in
the piovince, anu aftei such othei notice to inteiesteu peisons as the couit may
uiiect, the couit may pioceeu summaiily, without the appointment of an executoi oi
auministiatoi, anu without uelay, to giant, if piopei, allowance of the will, if any
theie be, to ueteimine who aie the peisons legally entitleu to paiticipate in the
estate anu to appoition anu uiviue it among them aftei the payment of such uebts of
the estate as the couit shall then finu to be uue; anu such peisons, in theii own iight,
if they aie lawful age anu legal capacity, oi by theii guaiuians oi tiustees legally
appointeu anu qualifieu, if otheiwise, shall theieupon be entitleu to ieceive anu
entei into the possession of the poitions of the estate so awaiueu to them
iespectively. The couit shall make such oiuei as may be just iespecting the costs of
the pioceeuings, anu all oiueis anu juugments maue oi ienueieu in the couise
theieof shall be iecoiueu in the office of the cleik, anu the oiuei of paitition oi
awaiu, if it involves ieal estate, shall be iecoiueu in the piopei iegistei's office.
SEC. S. Q'.8 #' 4% ("$%8 4; 8",#2"4+#%%,=RThe couit, befoie allowing a paitition
in accoiuance with the piovisions of the pieceuing section, may iequiie the
uistiibutees, if piopeity othei than ieal is to be uistiibuteu, to file a bonu in an
amount to be fixeu by couit, conuitioneu foi the payment of any just claim which
may be fileu unuei the next succeeuing section.
SEC. 4. W"04"$"#; '( 8",#2"4+#%%, 0.8 %,#0#%=RIf it shall appeai at any time within
two (2) yeais aftei the settlement anu uistiibution of an estate in accoiuance with
the piovisions of eithei of the fiist two sections of this iule, that an heii oi othei
peison has been unuuly uepiiveu of his lawful paiticipation in the estate, such heii
oi such othei peison may compel the settlement of the estate in the couits in the
mannei heieinaftei pioviueu foi the puipose of satisfying such lawful paiticipation.
Anu if within the same time of two (2) yeais, it shall appeai that theie aie uebts
outstanuing against the estate which have not been paiu, oi that an heii oi othei
peison has been unuuly uepiiveu of his lawful paiticipation payable in money, the
couit having juiisuiction of the estate may, by oiuei foi that puipose, aftei heaiing,
settle the amount of such uebts oi lawful paiticipation anu oiuei how much anu in
what mannei each uistiibutee shall contiibute in the payment theieof, anu may
issue execution, if ciicumstances iequiie, against the bonu pioviueu in the
pieceuing section oi against the ieal estate belonging to the ueceaseu, oi both. Such
bonu anu such ieal estate shall iemain chaigeu with a liability to cieuitois, heiis, oi
othei peisons foi the full peiiou of two (2) yeais aftei such uistiibution,
notwithstanuing any tiansfeis of ieal estate that may have been maue.
SEC. S. D%2"'8 ('2 1$0"9 '( 9".'2 '2 ".10301"#0#%8 3%2,'.=RIf on the uate of the
expiiation of the peiiou of two (2) yeais piesciibeu in the pieceuing section the
161
peison authoiizeu to file a claim is a minoi oi mentally incapacitateu, oi is in piison
oi outsiue the Philippines, he may piesent his claim within one (1) yeai aftei such
uisability is iemoveu.
!"#$ ;7
*!+0"2/-+( +4 ?-##B )##+?)(2$ +4 ?-## ($2$..)!1
SECTI0N 1. H$$'/0.1% .%1%,,02;= 5'.1$+,"7% 0, #' %L%1+#"'.=RNo will shall pass
eithei ieal oi peisonal estate unless it is pioveu anu alloweu in the piopei couit.
Subject to the iight of appeal, such allowance of the will shall be conclusive as to its
uue execution.
SEC. 2. 5+,#'8"0. '( /"$$ #' 8%$"7%2=RThe peison who has custouy of a will shall,
within twenty (2u) uays aftei he knows of the ueath of the testatoi, uelivei the will
to the couit having juiisuiction, oi to the executoi nameu In the will.
SEC. S. JL%1+#'2 #' 32%,%.# /"$$ 0.8 011%3# '2 2%(+,% #2+,#=RA peison nameu as
executoi in a will shall, within twenty (2u) uays aftei he knows of the ueath of the
testatoi, oi within twenty (2u) uays aftei he knows that be is nameu executoi if he
obtaineu such knowleuge aftei the ueath of the testatoi, piesent such will to the
couit having juiisuiction, unless the will has ieacheu the couit in any othei mannei,
anu shall, within such peiiou, signify to the couit in wiiting his acceptance of the
tiust oi his iefusal to accept it.
SEC. 4. 5+,#'8"0. 0.8 %L%1+#'2 ,+4B%1# #' (".% ('2 .%6$%1#=RA peison who
neglects any of the uuties iequiieu in the two last pieceuing sections without excuse
satisfactoiy to the couit shall be fineu not exceeuing two thousanu pesos.
SEC. S. D%2,'. 2%#0".".6 /"$$ 90; 4% committeu.A peison having custouy of a
will aftei the ueath of the testatoi who neglects without ieasonable cause to uelivei
the same, when oiueieu so to uo, to the couit having juiisuiction, may be committeu
to piison anu theie kept until he ueliveis the will.

!"#$ ;9
)##+?)(2$ +! 0-.)##+?)(2$ +4 ?-##
162
SECTI0N 1. Who 90; 3%#"#"'. ('2 #)% 0$$'/0.1% '( /"$$=RAny executoi, uevisee,
oi legatee nameu in a will, oi any othei peison inteiesteu in the estate, may, at any
time aftei the ueath of the testatoi, petition the couit having juiisuiction to have the
will alloweu, whethei the same be in his possession oi not, oi is lost oi uestioyeu.
The testatoi himself may, uuiing his lifetime, petition the couit foi the
allowance of his will.
SEC. 2. 5'.#%.#, '( 3%#"#"'.=RA petition foi the allowance of a will must show,
so fai as known to the petitionei:
(a) The juiisuictional facts;
(b) The names, ages, anu iesiuences of the heiis, legatees, anu
uevisees of the testatoi oi ueceuent;
(c) The piobable value anu chaiactei of the piopeity of the estate;
(u) The name of the peison foi whom letteis aie piayeu;
(e) If the will has not been ueliveieu to the couit, the name of the
peison having custouy of it.
But no uefect in the petition shall ienuei voiu the allowance of the will, oi the
issuance of letteis testamentaiy oi of auministiation with the will annexeu.
SEC. S. 5'+2# #' 033'".# #"9% ('2 32'7".6 /"$$= E'#"1% #)%2%'( #' 4% 3+4$",)%8=R
When a will is ueliveieu to, oi a petition foi the allowance of a will is fileu in, the
couit having juiisuiction, such couit shall fix a time anu place foi pioving the will
when all conceineu may appeai to contest the allowance theieof, anu shall cause
notice of such time anu place to be publisheu thiee (S) weeks successively, pievious
to the time appointeu, in a newspapei of geneial ciiculation in the piovince.
But no newspapei publication shall be maue wheie the petition foi piobate
has been fileu by the testatoi himself.
SEC. 4. S%"2,< 8%7",%%,< $%60#%%,< 0.8 %L%1+#'2, #' 4% .'#"("%8 4; 90"$ '2
3%2,'.0$$;=RThe couit shall also cause copies of the notice of the time anu place
fixeu foi pioving the will to be auuiesseu to the uesignateu oi othei known heiis,
legatees, anu uevisees of the testatoi iesiuent in the Philippines at theii places of
iesiuence, anu uepositeu in the post office with the postage theieon piepaiu at least
twenty (2u) uays befoie the heaiing, if such places of iesiuence be known. A copy of
the notice must in like mannei be maileu to the peison nameu as executoi, if he be
not the petitionei, also, to any peison nameu as co-executoi not petitioning, if theii
places of iesiuence be known. Peisonal seivice of copies of the notice at least ten
16S
(1u) uays befoie the uay of heaiing shall be equivalent to mailing.
If the testatoi asks foi the allowance of his own will, notice shall be sent only
to his compulsoiy heiis.
SEC. S. D2''( 0# )%02".6= C)0# ,+(("1"%.# ". 04,%.1% '( 1'.#%,#.At the heaiing
compliance with the piovisions of the last two pieceuing sections must be shown
befoie the intiouuction of testimony in suppoit of the will. All such testimony shall
be taken unuei oath anu ieuuceu to wiiting. If no peison appeais to contest the
allowance of the will, the couit may giant allowance theieof on the testimony of one
of the subsciibing witnesses only, if such witness testify that the will was executeu
as is iequiieu by law.
In the case of a hologiaphic will, it shall be necessaiy that at least one witness
who knows the hanuwiiting anu signatuie of the testatoi explicitly ueclaie that the
will anu the signatuie aie in the hanuwiiting of the testatoi. In the absence of any
such competent witness, anu if the couit ueem it necessaiy, expeit testimony may
be iesoiteu to.
SEC. 6. D2''( '( $',# '2 8%,#2';%8 /"$$= 5%2#"("10#% #)%2%+3'.=No will shall be
pioveu as a lost oi uestioyeu will unless the execution anu valiuity of the same be
establisheu anu the will is pioveu to have been in existence at the time of the ueath
of the testatoi, oi is shown to have been fiauuulently oi acciuentally uestioyeu in
the lifetime of the testatoi without his knowleuge, noi unless its piovisions aie
cleaily anu uistinctly pioveu by at least two (2) cieuible witnesses. When a lost will
is pioveu, the piovisions theieof must be uistinctly stateu anu ceitifieu by the juuge,
unuei the seal of the couit, anu the ceitificate must be fileu anu iecoiueu as othei
wills aie fileu anu iecoiueu.
SEC. 7. D2''( /)%. /"#.%,,%, 8' .'# 2%,"8% ". 32'7".1%=RIf it appeais at the time
fixeu foi the heaiing that none of the subsciibing witnesses iesiues in the piovince,
but that the ueposition of one oi moie of them can be taken elsewheie, the couit
may, on motion, uiiect It to be taken, anu may authoiize a photogiaphic copy of the
will to be maue anu to be piesenteu to the witness on his examination, who may be
askeu the same questions with iespect to it anu to the hanuwiiting of the testatoi
anu otheis, as woulu be peitinent anu competent if the oiiginal will weie piesent.
SEC. 8. D2''( /)%. /"#.%,,%, 8%08 '2 ".,0.% '2 8' .'# 2%,"8% ". #)% D)"$"33".%,=R
If it appeais at the time fixeu foi the heaiing that the subsciibing witnesses aie ueau
oi insane, oi that none of them iesiues in the Philippines, the couit may aumit the
testimony of othei witnesses to piove the sanity of the testatoi, anu the uue
execution of the will; anu as eviuence of the execution of the will, it may aumit pioof
164
of the hanuwiiting of the testatoi anu of the subsciibing witnesses, oi of any of
them.
SEC. 9. M2'+.8, ('2 8",0$$'/".6 /"$$=RThe will shall be uisalloweu in any of the
following cases:
(a) If not executeu anu attesteu as iequiieu by law;
(b) If the testatoi was insane, oi otheiwise mentally incapable to
make a will, at the time of its execution;
(c) If it was executeu unuei uuiess, oi the influence of feai, oi
thieats;
(u) If it was piocuieu by unuue anu impiopei piessuie anu influence,
on the pait of the beneficiaiy, oi of some othei peison foi his benefit;
(e) If the signatuie of the testatoi was piocuieu by fiauu oi tiick, anu
he uiu not intenu that the instiument shoulu be his will at the time of fixing his
signatuie theieto.
SEC. 1u. 5'.#%,#0.# #' ("$% 62'+.8, '( 1'.#%,#=RAnyone appeaiing to contest the
will must state in wiiting his giounus foi opposing its allowance, anu seive a copy
theieof on the petitionei anu othei paities inteiesteu in the estate.
SEC. 11. >+4,12"4".6 /"#.%,,%, 32'8+1%8 '2 011'+.#%8 ('2 /)%2% /"$$
1'.#%,#%8=RIf the will is contesteu, all the subsciibing witnesses, anu the notaiy in
the case of wills executeu unuei the Civil Coue of the Philippines, if piesent in the
Philippines, anu not insane, must be piouuceu anu examineu, anu the ueath,
absence, oi insanity of any of them must be satisfactoiily shown to the couit. If all oi
some of such witnesses aie piesent in the Philip-pines but outsiue the piovince
wheie the will has been fileu, theii ueposition must be taken. If any oi all of them
testify against the uue execution of the will, oi uo not iemembei having attesteu to
it, oi aie otheiwise of uoubtful cieuibility, the will may, neveitheless, be alloweu if
the couit is satisfieu fiom the testimony of othei witnesses anu fiom all the
eviuence piesenteu that the will was executeu anu attesteu in the mannei iequiieu
by law.
If a hologiaphic will is contesteu, the same shall be alloweu if at least thiee (S)
witnesses who know the hanuwiiting of the testatoi explicitly ueclaie that the will
anu the signatuie aie in the hanuwiiting of the testatoi; in the absence of any
competent witness, anu if the couit ueem it necessaiy, expeit testimony may be
iesoiteu to.
16S
SEC. 12. D2''( /)%2% #%,#0#'2 3%#"#"'., ('2 0$$'/0.1% '( )'$'6203)"1 /"$$=R
Wheie the testatoi himself petitions foi the piobate of his hologiaphic will anu no
contest is fileu, the fact that he affiims that the hologiaphic will anu the signatuie
aie in his own hanuwiiting, shall be sufficient eviuence of the genuineness anu uue
execution theieof. If the hologiaphic will is contesteu, the buiuen of uispioving the
genuineness anu uue execution theieof shall be on the contestant The testatoi may,
in his tuin, piesent such auuitional pioof as may be necessaiy to iebut the eviuence
foi the contestant.
SEC. 1S. 5%2#"("10#% '( 0$$'/0.1% 0##01)%8 #' 32'7%8 /"$$= !' 4% 2%1'28%8 ". #)%
:(("1% '( *%6",#%2 '( K%%8,.If the couit is satisfieu, upon pioof taken anu fileu, that
the will was uuly executeu, anu that the testatoi at the time of its execution was of
sounu anu uisposing minu, anu not acting unuei uuiess, menace, anu unuue
influence, oi fiauu, a ceitificate of its allowance, signeu by the juuge, anu attesteu by
the seal of the couit shall be attacheu to the will anu the will anu ceitificate fileu anu
iecoiueu by the cleik. Attesteu copies of the will uevising ieal estate anu of
ceitificate of allowance theieof, shall be iecoiueu in the iegistei of ueeus of the
piovince in which the lanus lie.

!"#$ ;;
)##+?)(2$ +4 ?-## *!+,$0 +"/.-0$ +4 *@-#-**-($. )(0
)08-(-./!)/-+( +4 $./)/$ /@$!$"(0$!
SECTI0N 1. C"$$ 32'7%8 '+#,"8% D)"$"33".%, 90; 4% 0$$'/%8 )%2%.Wills pioveu
anu alloweu in a foieign countiy, accoiuing to the laws of such countiy, may be
alloweu, fileu, anu iecoiueu by the piopei Regional Tiial Couit in the Philippines.
SEC 2. E'#"1% '( )%02".6 ('2 0$$'/0.1%=RWhen a copy of such will anu of the
oiuei oi ueciee of the allowance theieof, both uuly authenticateu, aie fileu with a
petition foi allowance in the Philippines, by the executoi oi othei peison inteiesteu
in the couit having juiisuiction, such couit shall fix a time anu place foi the heaiing,
anu cause notice theieof to be given as in case of an oiiginal will piesenteu foi
allowance.
SEC. S. C)%. /"$$ 0$$'/%8< 0.8 %((%1# #)%2%'(=RIf it appeais at the heaiing that
166
the will shoulu be alloweu in the Philippines, the couit shall so allow it, anu a
ceitificate of its allowance, signeu by the juuge, anu attesteu by the seal of the couit,
to which shall be attacheu a copy of the will, shall be fileu anu iecoiueu by the cleik,
anu the will shall have the same effect as if oiiginally pioveu anu alloweu in such
couit.
SEC. [= J,#0#%< )'/ 089".",#%2%8.When a will is thus alloweu, the couit shall
giant letteis testamentaiy, oi letteis of auministiation with the will annexeu, anu
such letteis testamentaiy oi of auministiation, shall extenu to all the estate of the
testatoi in the Philippines. Such estate, aftei the payment of just uebts anu expenses
of auministiation, shall be uisposeu of accoiuing to such will, so fai as such will may
opeiate upon it; anu the iesiuue, if any, shall be uisposeu of as is pioviueu by law in
cases of estates in the Philippines belonging to peisons who aie inhabitants of
anothei state oi countiy.

!"#$ ;<
#$//$!. /$./)8$(/)!1 )(0 +4 )08-(-./!)/-+(C ?@$( )(0 /+ ?@+8
-.."$0
SECTI0N 1. C)' 02% ".1'93%#%.# #' ,%27% 0, 0 %L%1+#'2, '2 089".",#20#'2,=RNo
peison is competent to seive as executoi oi auministiatoi who:
(a) Is a minoi;
(b) Is not a iesiuent of the Philippines; anu
(c) Is in the opinion of the couit unfit to execute the uuties of the
tiust by ieason of uiunkenness, impioviuence, oi want of unueistanuing oi
integiity, oi by ieason of conviction of an offense involving moial tuipituue.
SEC. 2. JL%1+#'2 '( %L%1+#'2 .'# #' 089".",#%2 %,#0#%.The executoi of an
executoi shall not, as such, auministei the estate of the fiist testatoi.
SEC. S. A022"%8 /'9%. 90; ,%27%=RA maiiieu woman may seive as executiix
oi auministiatiix, anu the maiiiage of a single woman shall not affect hei authoiity
so to seive unuei a pievious appointment
167
SEC 4 W%##%2, #%,#09%.#02; ",,+%8 /)%. /"$$ 0$$'/%8=RWhen a will has been
pioveu anu alloweu, the couit shall issue letteis testamentaiy theieon to the peison
nameu as executoi theiein, if he is competent, accepts the tiust, anu gives bonu as
iequiieu by these iules
SEC. S. C)%2% ,'9% 1'%L%1+#'2, 8",V+0$"("%8 '#)%2, 90; 01#.When all of the
executois nameu in a will can not act because of incompetency, iefusal to accept the
tiust, oi failuie to give bonu, on the pait of one oi moie of them, letteis
testamentaiy may issue to such of them as aie competent, accept anu give bonu, anu
they may peifoim the uuties anu uischaige the tiust iequiieu by the will.
SEC. 6. C)%. 0.8 #' /)'9 $%##%2, '( 089".",#20#"'. 620.#%8=RIf no executoi is
nameu in the will, oi the executoi oi executois aie incompetent, iefuse the tiust, oi
fail to give bonu, oi a peison uies intestate, auministiation shall be gianteu:
(a) To the suiviving husbanu oi wife, as the case may be, oi next of
kin, oi both, in the uiscietion of the couit, oi to such peison as such suiviving
husbanu oi wife, oi next of kin, iequests to have appointeu, if competent anu
willing to seive;
(b) If such suiviving husbanu oi wife, as the case may be, oi next of
kin, oi the peison selecteu by them, be incompetent oi unwilling, oi if the
husbanu oi wiuow, oi next of kin, neglects foi thiity (Su) uays aftei the ueath
of the peison to apply foi auministiation oi to iequest that auministiation be
gianteu to some othei peison, it may be gianteu to one oi moie of the
piincipal cieuitois, if competent anu willing to seive;
(c) If theie is no such cieuitoi competent anu willing to seive, it may
be gianteu to such othei peison as the couit may select.

!"#$ ;=
+**+.-(' -..")(2$ +4 #$//$!. /$./)8$(/)!1B *$/-/-+( )(0 2+(/$./
4+! #$//$!. +4 )08-(-./!)/-+(
SECTI0N 1. :33',"#"'. #' ",,+0.1% '( $%##%2, #%,#09%.#02;= >"9+$#0.%'+, 3%#"#"'.
('2 089".",#20#"'..Any peison inteiesteu in a will may state in wiiting the
168
giounus why letteis testamentaiy shoulu not issue to the peisons nameu theiein as
executois, oi any of them, anu the couit, aftei heaiing upon notice, shall pass upon
the sufficiency of such giounus. A petition may, at the same time, be fileu foi letteis
of auministiation with the will annexeu.
SEC. 2. 5'.#%.#, '( 3%#"#"'. ('2 $%##%2, '( 089".",#20#"'.=RA petition foi letteis
of auministiation must be fileu by an inteiesteu peison anu must show, so fai as
known to the petitionei.
(a) The juiisuictional facts;
(b) The names, ages, anu iesiuences of the heiis, anu the names anu
iesiuences of the cieuitois, of the ueceuent;
(c) The piobable value anu chaiactei of the piopeity of the estate;
(u) The name of the peison foi whom letteis of auministiation aie
piayeu.
But no uefect in the petition shall ienuei voiu the issuance of letteis of
auministiation.
SEC. S. 5'+2# #' ,%# #"9% ('2 )%02".6= E'#"1% #)%2%'(=RWhen a petition foi letteis
of auministiation is fileu in the couit having juiisuiction, such couit shall fix a time
anu place foi heaiing the petition, anu shall cause notice theieof to be given to the
known heiis anu cieuitois of the ueceuent, anu to any othei peisons believeu to
have an inteiest in the estate, in the Nannei pioviueu in sections S anu [ of Rule 76.
SEC. 4= :33',"#"'. #' 3%#"#"'. ('2 089".",#20#"'.=RAny Inteiesteu peison may,
by filing a wiitten opposition, contest the petition on the giounu of the
incompetency of the peison foi whose letteis aie piayeu theiein, oi on the giounu
of the contestant's own iight to the auministiation, anu may piay that lettei issue to
himself, oi to any competent peison oi peisons nameu In the opposition.
SEC. S. S%02".6 0.8 '28%2 ('2 $%##%2, #' issue.At the heaiing of the petition, it
must fiist be shown that notice has been given as heieinabove iequiieu, anu
theieaftei the couit shall heai the pioofs of the paities in suppoit of theii iespective
allegations, anu if satisfieu that the ueceuent left no will, oi that theie is no
competent anu willing executoi, it shall oiuei the issuance of letteis of
auministiation to the paity best entitleu theieto.
SEC. 6. C)%. $%##%2, '( 089".",#20#"'. 620.#%8 #' 0.; 033$"10.#=-Letteis of
auministiation may be gianteu to any qualifieu applicant, though it appeais that
theie aie othei competent peisons having bettei iight to the auministiation, if such
169
peisons fail to appeai when notifieu anu claim the issuance of letteis to themselves.

!"#$ <>
.*$2-)# )08-(-./!)/+!
SECTI0N 1. H33'".#9%.# '( ,3%1"0$ 089".",#20#'2=RWhen theie is uelay in
gianting letteis testamentaiy oi of auministiation by any cause incluuing an appeal
fiom the allowance oi uisallowance of a will, the couit may appoint a special
auministiatoi to take possession anu chaige of the estate of the ueceaseu until the
questions causing the uelay aie ueciueu anu executois oi auministiatois appointeu.
SEC. 2. D'/%2, 0.8 8+#"%, '( ,3%1"0$ 089".",#20#'2=RSuch special auministiatoi
shall take possession anu chaige of the goous, chattels, iights, cieuits, anu estate of
the ueceaseu anu pieseive the same foi the executoi oi auministiatoi afteiwaius
appointeu, anu foi that puipose may commence anu maintain suits as
auministiatoi. Be may sell only such peiishable anu othei piopeity as the couit
oiueis solu. A special auministiatoi shall not be liable to pay any uebts of the
ueceaseu unless so oiueieu by the couit.
SEC. S. C)%. 3'/%2, '( ,3%1"0$ 089".",#20#'2 1%0,%= !20.,(%2 '( %((%1#,= D%.8".6
,+"#,=RWhen letteis testamentaiy oi of auministiation aie gianteu on the estate of
the ueceaseu, the poweis of the special auministiatoi shall cease, anu he shall
foithwith uelivei to the executoi oi auministiatoi the goous, chattels, money, anu
estate of the ueceaseu in his hanus. The executoi oi auministiatoi may piosecute to
final juugment suits commenceu by such special auministiatoi.

!"#$ <&
A+(0. +4 $F$2"/+!. )(0 )08-(-./!)/+!.
17u
SECTI0N 1. Q'.8 #' 4% 6"7%. 4%('2% ",,+0.1% '( $%##%2,= H9'+.#= 5'.8"#"'.,=
Befoie an executoi oi auministiatoi enteis upon the execution of his tiust, anu
letteis testamentaiy oi of auministiation issue, he shall give a bonu, in such sum as
the couit uiiects, conuitioneu as follows:
(a) To make anu ietuin to the couit, within thiee (S) months, a tiue
anu complete inventoiy of all goous, chattels, iights, cieuits, anu estate of the
ueceaseu which shall come to his possession oi knowleuge oi to the
possession of any othei peison foi him;
(b) To auministei accoiuing to these iules, anu, if an executoi,
accoiuing to the will of the testatoi, all goous, chattels, iights, cieuits, anu
estate which shall at any time come to his possession oi to the possession of
any othei peison foi him, anu fiom the pioceeus to pay anu uischaige all
uebts, legacies, anu chaiges on the same, oi such uiviuenus theieon as shall be
uecieeu by the couit;
(c) To ienuei a tiue anu just account of his auministiation to the
couit within one (1) yeai, anu at any othei time when iequiieu by the couit;
(u) To peifoim all oiueis of the couit by him to be peifoimeu.
SEC. 2. Q'.8 '( %L%1+#'2 /)%2% 8"2%1#%8 ". /"$$= C)%. (+2#)%2 4'.8 2%V+"2%8=RIf
the testatoi in his will uiiects that the executoi seive without bonu, oi with only his
Inuiviuual bonu, he may be alloweu by the couit to give bonu in such sum anu with
such suiety as the couit appioves conuitioneu only to pay the uebts of the testatoi;
but the couit may iequiie of the executoi a fuithei bonu in case of a change in his
ciicumstances, oi foi othei sufficient cause, with the conuitions nameu in the last
pieceuing section.
SEC. S. Q'.8, '( B'".# %L%1+#'2, 0.8 089".",#20#'2,=RWhen two oi moie
peisons aie appointeu executois oi auministiatois the couit may take a sepaiate
bonu fiom each, oi a joint bonu fiom all.
SEC. 4. Q'.8 '( ,3%1"0$ 089".",#20#'2=RA special auministiatoi befoie enteiing
upon the uuties of his tiust shall give a bonu, in such sum as the couit uiiects,
conuitioneu that he will make anu ietuin a tiue inventoiy of the goous, chattels,
iights, cieuits, anu estate of the ueceaseu which come to his possession oi
knowleuge, anu that he will tiuly account foi such as aie ieceiveu by him when
iequiieu by the couit, anu will uelivei the same to the peison appointeu executoi oi
auministiatoi, oi to such othei peison as may be authoiizeu to ieceive them.

171

!"#$ <3
!$,+2)/-+( +4 )08-(-./!)/-+(C 0$)/@C !$.-'()/-+(C )(0 !$8+,)# +4
$F$2"/+!. )(0 )08-(-./!)/+!.
SECTI0N 1. H89".",#20#"'. 2%7'I%8 "( /"$$ 8",1'7%2%8= D2'1%%8".6, #)%2%+3'.=R
If aftei letteis of auministiation have been gianteu on the estate of a ueceuent as if
he hau uieu intestate, his will is pioveu anu alloweu by the couit, the letteis of
auministiation shall be ievokeu anu all poweis theieunuei cease anu the
auministiatoi shall foithwith suiienuei the letteis to the couit, anu ienuei his
account within such time as the couit uiiects. Pioceeuings foi the issuance of letteis
testamentaiy oi of auministiation unuei the will shall be as heieinbefoie pioviueu.
SEC. 2. 5'+2# 90; 2%9'7% '2 011%3# 2%,"6.0#"'. '( %L%1+#'2 '2 089".",#20#'2=
D2'1%%8".6, +3'. 8%0#)< 2%,"6.0#"'.< '2 2%9'70$=RIf an executoi oi auministiatoi
neglects to ienuei his account anu settle the estate accoiuing to law, oi to peifoim
an oiuei oi juugment of the couit, oi a uuty expiessly pioviueu by these iule., oi
absconus, oi becomes insane, oi otheiwise incapable oi unsuit-able to uischaige the
tiust, the couit may iemove him, oi, in its uiscietion, may peimit him to iesign.
When an executoi oi auministiatoi uies, iesigns, oi is iemoveu, the iemaining
executoi. oi auministiatoi may auministei the tiust alone, unless the couit giants
letteis to someone to act with him. If theie is no iemaining executoi oi
auministiatoi, auministiation may be gianteu to any suitable peison.
SEC. S. H1#, 4%('2% 2%7'10#"'.< 2%,"6.0#"'.< '2 2%9'70$ #' 4% 70$"8.The lawful
acts of an executoi oi auministiatoi befoie the ievocation of his letteis
testamentaiy oi of auministiation, oi befoie his iesignation oi iemoval, shall have
the like valiuity if theie has been no such ievocation iesignation, oi iemoval.
SEC. 4. D'/%2, '( .%/ %L%1+#'2 '2 089".",#20#'2= *%.%/0$ '( $"1%.,% #' ,%$$ 2%0$
%,#0#%=-The peison to whom letteis testamentaiy oi of auministiation aie gianteu
aftei the ievocation of foimei letteis, oi the ueath, iesignation, oi iemoval of a
foimei executoi oi auministiatoi, shall have the like poweis to collect anu settle the
estate not auministeieu that the foimei executoi oi auministiatoi hau, anu may
piosecute of uefenu actions commenceu by oi against the foimei executoi oi
auministiatoi, anu have execution on juugments iecoveieu in the name of such
172
foimei executoi oi auministiatoi. An authoiity gianteu by the couit to the foimei
executoi auministiatoi foi the sale oi moitgage of ieal estate may be ieneweu in
favoi of such peison without fuithei notice oi heaiing.
!"#$ <5
-(,$(/+!1 )(0 )**!)-.)#B *!+,-.-+( 4+! ."**+!/ +4 4)8-#1
SECTI0N 1. -.7%.#'2; 0.8 03320",0$ #' 4% 2%#+2.%8 /"#)". #)2%% 9'.#),=R
Within thiee (S) months aftei his appointment eveiy executoi oi auministiatoi
shall ietuin to the couit a tiue inventoiy anu appiaisal of all the ieal anu peisonal
estate of the ueceaseu which has come into his possession oi knowleuge. In the
appiaisement of such estate, the couit may oiuei one oi moie of the inheiitance tax
appiaiseis to give his oi theii assistance.
SEC. 2. 5%2#0". 02#"1$%, .'# #' 4% ".7%.#'2"%8.The weaiing appaiel of the
suiviving husbanu oi wife anu minoi chiluien, the maiiiage beu anu beuuing, anu
such piovisions anu othei aiticles as will necessaiily be consumeu in the
subsistence of the family of the ueceaseu, unuei the uiiection of the couit, shall not
be consiueieu as assets, noi auministeieu as such, anu shall not be incluueu in the
inventoiy.
SEC. S. H$$'/0.1% #' /"8'/ 0.8 (09"$;=RThe wiuow anu minoi oi
incapacitateu chiluien of a ueceaseu peison, uuiing the settlement of the estate,
shall ieceive theiefiom, unuei the uiiection of the couit, such allowance as aie
pioviueu by law.

!"#$ <6
'$($!)# *+?$!. )(0 0"/-$. +4 $F$2"/+!. )(0 )08-(-./!)/+!.
SECTI0N 1. JL%1+#'2 '2 089".",#20#'2 #' )07% 011%,, #' 302#.%2,)"3 4''I, 0.8
32'3%2#;= S'/ 2"6)# %.('21%8=RThe executoi oi auministiatoi of the estate of a
ueceaseu paitnei shall at all times have access to, anu may examine anu take copies
17S
of, books anu papeis ielating to the paitneiship business, anu may examine anu
make invoices of the piopeity belonging to such paitneiship; anu the suiviving
paitnei oi paitneis, on iequest, shall exhibit to him all such books, papeis, anu
piopeity in theii hanus oi contiol. 0n the wiitten application of such executoi oi
auministiatoi, the Couit having juiisuiction of the estate may oiuei any such
suiviving paitnei oi paitneis to fieely peimit the exeicise of the iights, anu to
exhibit the books, papeis, anu piopeity, as in this section pioviueu, anu may punish
any paitnei failing to uo so foi contempt.
SEC. 2. JL%1+#'2 '2 089".",#20#'2 #' I%%3 4+"$8".6, ". 2%30"2=RAn executoi oi
auministiatoi shall maintain in tenantable iepaii the houses anu othei stiuctuies
anu fences belonging to the estate, anu uelivei the same in such iepaii to the heiis
oi uevisees when uiiecteu so to uo by the couit.
SEC. S. JL%1+#'2 '2 089".",#20#'2 #' 2%#0". /)'$% %,#0#% #' 30; 8%4#,< 0.8 #'
089".",#%2 %,#0#% .'# /"$$%8=RAn executoi oi auministiatoi shall have the iight to
the possession anu manage-ment of the ieal as well as the peisonal estate of the
ueceaseu so long as it is necessaiy foi the payment of the uebts anu the expenses of
auministiation.

!"#$ <7
)22+"(/)A-#-/1 )(0 2+8*$(.)/-+( +4 $F$2"/+!. )(0
)08-(-./!)/+!.
SECTI0N 1. JL%1+#'2 '2 089".",#20#'2 1)026%04$% /"#) 0$$ %,#0#% 0.8 ".1'9%.
Except as otheiwise expiessly pioviueu in the following sections, eveiy executoi oi
auministiatoi is chaigeable in his account with the whole of the estate of the
ueceaseu which has come into his possession, at the value of the appiaisement
containeu in the inventoiy; with all the inteiest, piofit, anu income of such estate;
anu with the pioceeus of so much of the estate as is solu by him, at the piice at
which it was solu.
SEC. 2. E'# #' 32'("# 4; ".12%0,% '2 $',% 4; 8%12%0,% ". 70$+%=RNo executoi oi
auministiatoi shall piofit by the inciease, oi suffei loss by the ueciease oi
uestiuction, without his fault, of any pait of the estate. Be must account foi the
174
excess when he sells any pait of the estate foi moie than the appiaisement, anu if
any is solu foi less than the appiaisement, he is not iesponsible foi the loss, if the
sale has been justly maue. If he settles any claim against the estate foi less than its
nominal value, he is entitleu to chaige in his account only the amount he actually
paiu on the settlement.
SEC. S. C)%. .'# 011'+.#04$% ('2 8%4#, 8+% %,#0#%=RNo executoi oi
auministiatoi shall be accountable foi uebts uue the ueceaseu which iemain
uncollecteu without his fault.
SEC. 4. H11'+.#04$% ('2 ".1'9% (2'9 2%0$#; +,%8 4; )"9=RIf the executoi oi
auministiatoi uses oi occupies any pait of the ieal estate himself, he shall account
foi it as may be agieeu upon between him anu the paities inteiesteu, oi aujusteu by
the couit with theii assent; anu if the paities uo not agiee upon the sum to be
alloweu, the same may be asceitaineu by the couit, whose ueteimination in this
iespect shall be final.
SEC. S. H11'+.#04$% "( )% .%6$%1#, '2 8%$0;, #' 20",% '2 30; 9'.%;=RWhen an
executoi oi auministiatoi neglects oi unieason-ably uelays to iaise money, by
collecting the uebts oi selling the ieal oi peisonal estate of the ueceaseu, oi neglects
to pay ovei the money he has in his hanus, anu the value of the estate is theieby
lesseneu oi unnecessaiy cost oi inteiest acciues, oi the peisons inteiesteu suffei
loss, the same shall be ueemeu waste anu the uamage sustaineu may be chaigeu anu
alloweu against him in his account, anu he shall be liable theiefoi on his bonu.
SEC. 6. C)%. 0$$'/%8 9'.%; 30"8 0, 1',#,=RThe amount paiu by an executoi oi
auministiatoi foi costs awaiueu against him shall be alloweu in his auministiation
account, unless it appeais that the action oi pioceeuing in which the costs aie taxeu
was piosecuteu oi iesisteu without just cause, anu not in goou faith.
SEC. 7. C)0# %L3%.,%, 0.8 (%%, 0$$'/%8 %L%1+#'2 '2 089".",#20#'2= E'# #' 1)026%
('2 ,%27"1%, 0, 0##'2.%;= 5'93%.,0#"'. 32'7"8%8 4; /"$$ 1'.#2'$, +.$%,, 2%.'+.1%8=R
An executoi oi auministiatoi shall be alloweu the necessaiy expenses in the case,
management, anu settlement of the estate, anu foi his seivices, foui pesos pei uay
foi the time actually anu necessaiily employeu, oi a commission upon the value of
so much of the estate as comes into his possession anu is finally uisposeu of by him
in the payment of uebts, expenses, legacies, oi uistiibutive shaies, oi by ueliveiy to
heiis oi uevisees, of two 3%2 1%.#+9 of the fiist five thousanu pesos of such value,
one 3%2 1%.#+9 of so much of such value as exceeus five thousanu pesos anu uoes
not exceeu thiity thousanu pesos, one-half 3%2 1%.#+9 of so much of such value as
exceeus thiity thousanu pesos anu uoes not exceeu one hunuieu thousanu pesos,
anu one-quaitei 3%2 1%.#+9 of so much of such value as exceeus one hunuieu
17S
thousanu pesos. But in any special case, wheie the estate is laige, anu the settlement
has been attenueu with gieat uifficulty, anu has iequiieu a high uegiee of capacity
on the pait of the executoi oi auministiatoi, a gieatei sum may be alloweu. If
objection to the fees alloweu be taken, the allowance may be ie-examineu on appeal.
If theie aie two oi moie executois oi auministiatois, the compensation shall
be appoitioneu among them by the couit accoiuing to the seivices actually
ienueieu by them iespectively.
When the executoi oi auministiatoi is an attoiney, he shall not chaige against
the estate any piofessional fees foi legal seivices ienueieu by him.
When the ueceaseu by will makes some othei piovision foi the compensation
of his executoi, that piovision shall be a full satisfaction foi his seivices unless by a
wiitten instiument fileu in the couit he ienounces all claim to the compensation
pioviueu by the will.
SEC. 8. C)%. %L%1+#'2 '2 089".",#20#'2 #' 2%.8%2 011'+.#=REveiy executoi oi
auministiatoi shall ienuei an account of his auministiation within one (1) yeai
fiom the time of ieceiving letteis testamentaiy oi of auministiation, unless the
couit othei-wise uiiects because of extensions of time foi piesenting claims against,
oi paying the uebts of, the estate, oi foi uisposing of the estate; anu he shall ienuei
such fuithei accounts as the couit may iequiie until the estate is wholly settleu.
SEC. 9. JL09".0#"'., '. '0#) /"#) 2%,3%1# #' 011'+.# .The couit may examine
the executoi oi auministiatoi upon oath with iespect to eveiy mattei ielating to any
account ienueieu by him, anu shall so examine him as to the coiiectness of his
account befoie the same is alloweu, except when no objection is maue to the
allowance of the account anu its coiiectness is satisfactoiily establisheu by
competent pioof. The heiis, legatees, uistiibutees, anu cieuitois of the estate shall
have the same piivilege as the executoi oi auministiatoi of being examineu on oath
on any mattei ielating to an auministiation account.
SEC. 1u. H11'+.# #' 4% ,%##$%8 '. notice.Befoie the account of an executoi oi
auministiatoi is alloweu, notice shall be given to peisons inteiesteu of the time anu
place of examining anu allowing the same; anu such notice may be given peisonally
to such peisons inteiesteu oi by auveitisement in a newspapei oi newspapeis, oi
both, as the couit uiiects.
SEC. 11. >+2%#; '. 4'.8 90; 4% 302#; #' 011'+.#".6=R0pon the. settlement of
the account of an executoi oi auministiatoi, a peison liable as suiety in iespect to
such account may, upon application, be aumitteu as paity to such accounting.
176


!"#$ <9
2#)-8. )')-(./ $./)/$
SECTI0N 1. E'#"1% #' 12%8"#'2, #' 4% ",,+%8 4; 1'+2#=R Immeuiately aftei
gianting letteis testamentaiy oi of auministiation, the couit shall issue a notice
iequiiing all peisona having money claims against the ueceuent to file them in the
office of the cleik of saiu couit.
SEC. `= !"9% /"#)". /)"1) 1$0"9, ,)0$$ 4% ("$%8=RIn the notice pioviueu in the
pieceuing section, the couit shall state the time foi the filing of claims against the
estate, which shall not be moie than twelve (12) noi less than six (6) months aftei
the uate of the fiist publication of the notice. Bowevei, at any time befoie an oiuei
of uistiibution is enteieu, on application of a cieuitoi who has faileu to file his claim
within the time pieviously limiteu, the couit may, foi cause shown anu on such
teims as aie equitable, allow such claim to be fileu within a time not exceeuing one
(1) month.
SEC. S. D+4$"10#"'. '( .'#"1% #' 12%8"#'2,=REveiy executoi oi auministiatoi
shall, immeuiately altei the notice to cieuitois is issueu, cause the same to be
publisheu thiee (S) weeks successively in a newspapei of geneial ciiculation in the
piovince, anu to be posteu foi the same peiiou in foui public places in the piovince,
anu in two public places in the municipality wheie the ueceuent last iesiueu
SEC. 4. T"$".6 1'3; '( 32".#%8 .'#"1%=Within ten (1u) uays aftei the notice has
been publisheu anu posteu n accoiuance with the pieceuing section, the executoi oi
auministiatoi shall file oi cause to be fileu in the couit a piinteu copy of the notice
accompanieu with an affiuavit setting foith the uates of the fiist anu last publication
theieof anu the name of the newspapei in which the same is piinteu.
SEC. S. 5$0"9, /)"1) 9+,# 4% ("$%8 +.8%2 #)% .'#"1%= -( .'# ("$%8< 4022%8?
%L1%3#"'.,=RAll claims foi money against the ueceuent, aiising fiom contiact,
177
expiess oi implieu, whethei the same be uue, not uue, oi contingent, all claims foi
funeial expenses anu expenses foi the last sickness of the ueceuent, anu juugment
foi money against the ueceuent, must be fileu within the time limiteu in the notice;
otheiwise they aie baiieu foievei, except that they may be set foith as
counteiclaims in any action that the executoi oi auministiatoi may biing against
the claimants. Wheie an executoi oi auministiatoi commences an action, oi
piosecutes an action alieauy commenceu by the ueceaseu in his lifetime, the uebtoi
may set foith by answei the claims he has against the ueceuent, insteau of
piesenting them inuepenuently to the couit as heiein pioviueu, anu mutual claims
may be set off against each othei in such action; anu if final juugment is ienueieu in
favoi of the uefenuant, the amount so ueteimineu shall be consiueieu the tiue
balance against the estate, as though the claim hau been piesenteu uiiectly befoie
the couit in the auministiation pioceeu-ings. Claims not yet uue, oi contingent, may
be appioveu at theii piesent value.
SEC. 6. >'$"802; '4$"60#"'. '( 8%1%8%.#.Wheie the obliga-tion of the ueceuent
is soliuaiy with anothei uebtoi, the claim shall be fileu against the ueceuent as if he
weie the only uebtoi, without piejuuice to the iight of the estate to iecovei
contiibution fiom the othei uebtoi. In a joint obligation of the ueceuent, the claim
shall be confineu to the poition belonging to him.
SEC. \= A'2#606% 8%4# 8+% (2'9 %,#0#%=RA cieuitoi holuing a claim against the
ueceaseu secuieu by moitgage oi othei collateial secuiity, may abanuon the
secuiity anu piosecute his claim in the mannei pioviueu in this iule, anu shaie in
the geneial uistiibution of the assets of the estate; oi he may foieclose his moitgage
oi iealize upon his secuiity, by action in couit, making the executoi oi auministiatoi
a paity uefenuant, anu if theie is a juugment foi a ueficiency, aftei the sale of the
moitgageu piemises, oi the piopeity pleugeu, in the foieclosuie oi othei
pioceeuings to iealize upon the secuiity, he may claim his ueficiency juugment in
the mannei pioviueu in the pieceuing section; oi he may iely upon his moitgage oi
othei secuiity alone, anu foieclose the same at any time within the peiiou of the
statute of limitations, anu in that event he shall not be aumitteu as a cieuitoi, anu
shall ieceive no shaie in the uistiibution of the othei assets of the estate; but
nothing heiein containeu shall piohibit the executoi oi auministiatoi fiom
ieueeming the piopeity moitgageu oi pleugeu, by paying the uebt foi which it is
helu as secuiity, unuei the uiiection of the couit, if the couit shall aujuuge it to be
foi the best inteiest of the estate that such ieuemption shall be maue.
SEC. 8. 5$0"9 '( %L%1+#'2 '2 089".",#20#'2 060".,# 0. %,#0#%=R-( the executoi oi
auministiatoi has a claim against the estate he iepiesents, he shall give notice
theieof, in wiiting, to the couit, anu the couit shall appoint a special auministiatoi,
178
who shall, in the aujustment of such claim, have the same powei anu be subject to
the same liability as the geneial auministiatoi oi executoi in the settlement of othei
claims. The couit may oiuei the executoi oi auministiatoi to pay to the special
auministiatoi necessaiy funus to uefenu such claim.
SEC. 9. S'/ #' ("$% 0 1$0"9= 5'.#%.#, #)%2%'( E'#"1% #' %L%1+#'2 '2
089".",#20#'2=RA claim may be fileu by ueliveiing the same with the necessaiy
voucheis to the cleik of couit anu by seiving a copy theieof on the executoi oi
auministiatoi. If the claim be founueu on a bonu, bill, note, oi any othei instiument,
the oiiginal neeu not be fileu, but a copy theieof with all inuoisements shall be
attacheu to the claim anu fileu theiewith. 0n uemanu, howevei, of the executoi oi
auministiatoi, oi by oiuei of the couit oi juuge, the oiiginal shall be exhibiteu,
unless it be lost oi uestioyeu, in which case the claimant must accompany his claim
with affiuavit oi affiuavits containing a copy oi paiticulai uesciiption of the
instiument anu stating its loss oi uestiuction. When the claim is uue, it must be
suppoiteu by affiuavit stating the amount justly uue, that no payments have been
maue theieon which aie not cieuiteu, anu that theie aie no offsets to the same, to
the knowleuge of the affiant. If the claim is not uue, oi is contingent, when fileu, it
must also be suppoiteu by affiuavit stating the paiticulais theieof. When the
affiuavit is maue by a peison othei than the claimant, he must set foith theiein the
ieason why it is not maue by the claimant. The claim once fileu shall be attacheu to
the iecoiu of the case in which the letteis testamentaiy oi of auministiation weie
issueu, although the couit, in its uiscietion, anu as a mattei of convenience, may
oiuei all the claims to be collecteu in a sepaiate foluei.
SEC. 1u. H.,/%2 '( %L%1+#'2 '2 089".",#20#'2= :((,%#,=RWithin fifteen (1S) uays
aftei seivice of a copy of the claim on the executoi oi auministiatoi, he shall file his
answei aumitting oi uenying the claim specifically, anu setting foith the substance
of the matteis which aie ielieu upon to suppoit the aumission oi uenial. If he has no
knowleuge sufficient to enable him to aumit oi ueny specifically, he shall state such
want of knowleuge. The executoi oi auministiatoi in his answei shall allege in offset
any claim which the ueceuent befoie ueath hau against the claimant, anu his failuie
to uo so shall bai the claim foievei. A copy of the answei shall be seiveu by the
executoi oi auministiatoi on the claimant. The couit in its uiscietion may extenu
the time foi filing such answei.
SEC. 11. K",3',"#"'. '( 089"##%8 1$0"9=RH.; claim aumitteu entiiely by the
executoi oi auministiatoi shall immeuiately be submitteu by the cleik to the couit
who may appiove the same without heaiing; but the couit, in its uiscietion, befoie
appioving the claim, may oiuei that known heiis, legatees, oi uevisees be notifieu
anu heaiu. If upon heaiing, an heii, legatee, oi uevisee opposes the claim, the couit
179
may, in its uiscietion, allow him fifteen (1S) uays to file an answei to the claim in the
mannei piesciibeu in the pieceuing section.
SEC. 12. !2"0$ '( 1'.#%,#%8 1$0"9=R0pon the filing of an answei to a claim, oi
upon the expiiation of the time foi such filing, the cleik of couit shall set the claim
foi tiial with notice to both paities. The couit may iefei the claim to a
commissionei.
SEC. 1S. @+869%.# 033%0$04$%=RThe juugment of the couit appioving oi
uisappioving a claim, shall be fileu with the iecoiu of the auministiation
pioceeuings with notice to both paities, anu is appealable as in oiuinaiy cases. A
juugment against the executoi oi auministiatoi shall be that he pay, in uue couise of
auministiation, the amount asceitaineu to be uue, anu it shall not cieate any lien
upon the piopeity of the estate, oi give to the juugment cieuitoi any piioiity of
payment.
SEC. 14. 5',#,=RWhen the executoi oi auministiatoi, in his answei, aumits anu
offeis to pay pait of a claim, anu the claimant iefuses to accept the amount offeieu
in satisfaction of his claim, if he fails to obtain a moie favoiable juugment, he cannot
iecovei costs, but must pay to the executoi oi auministiatoi costs fiom the time of
the offei. Wheie an action commenceu against the ueceaseu foi money has been
uiscontinueu anu the claim embiaceu theiein piesenteu as in this iule pioviueu, the
pievailing paity shall be alloweu the costs of his action up to the time of its
uiscontinuance.

!"#$ <;
)2/-+(. A1 )(0 )')-(./ $F$2"/+!. )(0 )08-(-./!)/+!.
SECTI0N 1. H1#"'., /)"1) 90; 0.8 /)"1) 90; .'# 4% 42'+6)# 060".,# %L%1+#'2
'2 089".",#20#'2=RNo action upon a claim foi the iecoveiy of money oi uebt oi
inteiest theieon shall be commenceu against the executoi oi auministiatoi; but
actions to iecovei ieal oi peisonal piopeity, oi an inteiest theiein, fiom the estate,
oi to enfoice a lien theieon, anu actions to iecovei uamages foi an injuiy to peison
oi piopeity, ieal oi peisonal, may be commenceu against him.
18u
SEC. 2. JL%1+#'2 '2 089".",#20#'2 90; 42".6 '2 8%(%.8 01#"'., /)"1) ,+27"7%.
Foi the iecoveiy oi piotection of the piopeity oi iights of the ueceaseu, an executoi
oi auministiatoi may biing oi uefenu, in the iight of the ueceaseu, actions foi causes
which suivive.
SEC. S. S%"2 90; .'# ,+% +.#"$ ,)02% 0,,"6.%8=RWhen an executoi oi
auministiatoi is appointeu anu assumes the tiust, no action to iecovei the title oi
possession of lanus oi foi uamages uone to such lanus shall be maintaineu against
him by an heii oi uevisee until theie is an oiuei of the couit assigning such lanus to
such heii oi uevisee oi until the time alloweu foi paying uebts has expiieu.
SEC. 4. JL%1+#'2 '2 089".",#20#'2 90; 1'93'+.8 /"#) 8%4#'2=RWith the
appioval of the couit, an executoi oi auministiatoi may compounu with the uebtoi
of the ueceaseu foi a uebt uue, anu may give a uischaige of such uebt on ieceiving a
just uiviuenu of the estate of the uebtoi.
SEC. S. A'2#606% 8+% %,#0#% 90; 4% ('2%1$',%8=RA moitgage belonging to the
estate of a ueceaseu peison, as moitgagee oi assignee of the iight of a moitgagee,
may be foiecloseu by the executoi oi auministiatoi.
SEC. 6. D2'1%%8".6, /)%. 32'3%2#; 1'.1%0$%8< %94%UU$%8< '2 (20+8+$%.#$;
1'.7%;%8=RIf an executoi oi auministiatoi, heii, legatee, cieuitoi, oi othei
inuiviuual inteiesteu in the estate of the ueceaseu, complains to the couit having
juiisuiction of the estate that a peison is suspecteu of having concealeu, embezzleu,
oi conveyeu away any of the money, goous, oi chattels of the ueceaseu, oi that such
peison has in his possession oi has knowleuge of any ueeu, conveyance, bonu,
contiacts, oi othei wiiting which contains eviuence of oi tenus to uisclose the iight,
title, inteiest, oi claim of the ueceaseu to ieal oi peisonal estate, oi the last will anu
testament of the ueceaseu, the couit may cite such suspecteu peison to appeai
befoie it anu may examine him on oath on the mattei of such complaint; anu if the
peison so citeu iefuses to appeai, oi to answei on such examination such
inteiiogatoiies as aie put to him, the couit may punish him foi contempt, anu may
commit him to piison until he submits to the oiuei of the couit. The inteiiogatoiies
put to any such peison, anu his answeis theieto, shall be in wiiting anu shall be fileu
in the cleik's office.
SEC. 7. D%2,'. %.#2+,#%8 /"#) %,#0#% 1'93%$$%8 #' 2%.8%2 011'+.#=RThe couit,
on complaint of an executoi oi auministiatoi, may cite a peison entiusteu by an
executoi oi auministiatoi with any pait of the estate of the ueceaseu to appeai
befoie it, anu may iequiie such peison to ienuei a full account, on oath, of the
money, goous, chattels, bonus, accounts, oi othei papeis belonging to such estate as
came to his possession in tiust foi such executoi oi auministiatoi, anu of his
181
pioceeuings theieon; anu if the peison so citeu iefuses to appeai to ienuei such
account, the couit may punish him foi contempt as having uisobeyeu a lawful oiuei
of the couit.
SEC. 8. J94%UU$%9%.# 4%('2% $%##%2, ",,+%8=RIf a peison, befoie the gianting of
letteis testamentaiy oi of auministiation on the estate of the ueceaseu, embezzles
oi alienates any of the money, goous, chattels, oi effect of such ueceaseu, such
peison shall be liable to an action in favoi of the executoi oi auministiatoi of the
estate foi uouble the value of the piopeity solu, embezzleu, oi alienateu, to be
iecoveieu foi the benefit of such estate.
SEC. 9. D2'3%2#; (20+8+$%.# 1'.7%;%8 4; 8%1%0,%8 90; 4% 2%1'7%2%8= C)%.
%L%1+#'2 '2 089".",#20#'2 9+,# 42".6 01#"'.=RWhen theie is a ueficiency of assets in
the hanus of an executoi oi auministiatoi foi the payment of uebts anu expenses of
auministiation, anu the ueceaseu in his lifetime hau conveyeu ieal oi peisonal
piopeity, oi a iight oi inteiest theiein, oi uebt oi cieuit, with intent to uefiauu his
cieuitois oi to avoiu any iight uebt, oi uuty; oi hau so conveyeu such piopeity,
iight, inteiest, uebt, oi cieuitois, anu the subject of the attempteu conveyance woulu
be liable to attachment by any of them in his lifetime, the executoi oi auministiatoi
may commence anu piosecute to final juugment an action foi the iecoveiy of such
piopeity, iight, inteiest, uebts, oi cieuit foi the benefit of the cieuitois; but he shall
not be bounu to commence the action unless the cieuitois making the application
pay such pait of the costs anu expenses, oi give secuiity theiefoi to the executoi oi
auministiatoi, as the couit ueems equitable.
SEC. 1u. C)%. 12%8"#'2 90; 42".6 01#"'.= W"%. ('2 1',#=RWhen theie is such a
ueficiency of assets, anu the ueceaseu in his lifetime hau maue oi attempteu such a
conveyance, as is stateu in the last pieceuing section, anu the executoi anu
auministiatoi has not commenceu the action theiein pioviueu foi, any cieuitoi of
the estate may, with the peimission of the couit, commence anu piosecute to final
juugment, in the name of the executoi oi auministiatoi, a like action foi the
iecoveiy of the subject of the conveyance oi attempteu conveyance foi the benefit of
the cieuitois. But the action shall not be commenceu until the cieuitoi has fileu in a
couit a bonu executeu to the executoi oi auministiatoi, in an amount appioveu by
the juuge, conuitioneu to inuemnify the executoi oi auministiatoi against the costs
anu expenses incuiieu by ieason of such action. Such cieuitoi shall have a lien upon
any juugment iecoveieu by him in the action foi such costs anu othei expenses
incuiieu theiein as the couit ueems equitable. Wheie the conveyance oi attempteu
conveyance has been maue by the ueceaseu in his lifetime in favoi of the executoi oi
auministiatoi, the action which a cieuitoi may biing shall be in the name of all the
cieuitois, anu peimission of the couit anu filing of bonu as above piesciibeu, aie not
182
necessaiy.


!"#$ <<
*)18$(/ +4 /@$ 0$A/. +4 /@$ ./)/$
SECTI0N 1. K%4#, 30"8 ". (+$$ "( %,#0#% ,+(("1"%.#=RIf, aftei heaiing all the money
claims against the estate, anu aftei asceitaining the amount of such claims, it
appeais that theie aie sufficient assets to pay the uebts, the executoi oi
auministiatoi shall pay the same within the time limiteu foi that puipose.
SEC. 2. D02# '( %,#0#% (2'9 /)"1) 8%4# 30"8 /)%. 32'7","'. 908% 4; /"$$=RIf the
testatoi makes piovision by his will, oi uesignates the estate to be appiopiiateu foi
the payment of his uebts, the expenses of auministiation, oi the family expenses,
they shall paiu accoiuing to the piovisions of the will; but if the piovision maue by
the will oi the state appiopiiateu, is not sufficient foi that puipose, such pait of the
state of the testatoi, ieal oi peisonal, as is not uisposeu of by will, if any, shall be
appiopiiateu foi that puipose.
SEC. S. D%2,'.0$#; ("2,# 1)026%04$% ('2 8%4#,< #)%. 2%0$#;=RThe peisonal estate
of the ueceaseu not uisposeu of by will shall be fiist chaigeable with the payment of
uebts anu expenses; anu if saiu peisonal estate is not sufficient foi that puipose, oi
its sale woulu ieuounu to the uetiiment of the paiticipants of the estate, the whole
of the ieal estate not uisposeu of by will, oi so much theieof as is necessaiy, may be
solu, moitgageu, oi otheiwise encumbeieu foi that puipose by the executoi oi
auministiatoi, aftei obtaining the authoiity of the couit theieof. Any ueficiency
shall be met by contiibutions in accoiuance with the piovisions of section 6 of this
iule.
SEC. 4. J,#0#% #' 4% 2%#0".%8 #' 9%%# 1'.#".6%.# 1$0"9,=RIf the couit is satisfieu
that a contingent claim uuly fileu is valiu, it may oiuei the executoi oi auministiatoi
to ietain in his hanus sufficient estate to pay such contingent claim when the same
18S
becomes absolute, oi, if the estate is insolvent, sufficient to pay a poition equal to
the uiviuenu of the othei cieuitois.
SEC. S. S'/ 1'.#".6%.# 1$0"9 4%1'9".6 04,'$+#% ". #/' ;%02, 0$$'/%8 0.8 30"8=
H1#"'. 060".,# 8",#2"4+#%, $0#%2=RIf such contingent claim becomes absolute anu is
piesenteu to the couit, oi to the executoi oi auministiatoi, within two (2) yeais
fiom the time limiteu foi othei cieuitois to piesent theii claims, it may be alloweu
by the couit if not uisputeu by the executoi oi auministiatoi, anu, if uisputeu, it may
be pioveu anu alloweu oi uisalloweu by the couit as facts may waiiant. If the
contingent claim is alloweu, the cieuitoi shall ieceive payment to the same extent as
the othei cieuitois if the estate ietaineu by the executoi oi auministiatoi is
sufficient. But if the claim is not so piesenteu, aftei having become absolute, within
saiu two (2) yeais, anu alloweu, the assets ietaineu in the hanus of the executoi oi
auministiatoi, not exhausteu in the payment of claims, shall be uistiibuteu by the
oiuei of the couit to the peisons entitleu to the same; but the assets so uistiibuteu
may still be applieu to the payment of the claim when establisheu, anu the cieuitoi
may maintain an action against the uistiibutees to iecovei the uebt, anu such
uistiibutees anu theii estates shall be liable foi the uebt in piopoition to the estate
they have iespectively ieceiveu foim the piopeity of the ueceaseu.
SEC. 6. 5'+2# #' ("L 1'.#2"4+#"7% ,)02%, /)%2% 8%F7",%%,< $%60#%%,< '2 )%"2, )07%
4%%. ". 3',,%,,"'.= Wheie uevisees, legatees, oi heiis have enteieu into
possession of poitions of the estate befoie the uebts anu expenses have been settleu
anu paiu, anu have become liable to contiibute foi the payment of such uebts anu
expenses, the couit having juiisuiction of the estate may, by oiuei foi that puipose,
aftei heaiing, settle the amount of theii seveial liabilities, anu oiuei how much anu
in what mannei each peison shall contiibute, anu may issue execution as
ciicumstances iequiie.
SEC. 7. :28%2 '( 30;9%.# "( %,#0#% ".,'$7%.#= If the assets which can be
appiopiiateu foi the payment of uebts aie not sufficient foi that puipose, the
execu-toi oi auministiatoi shall pay the uebts against the estate, obseiving the
piovisions of Aiticles 1uS9 anu 22S9 to 22S1 of the Civil Coue.
SEC. 8. K"7"8%.8, #' 4% 30"8 ". 32'3'2#"'. #' 1$0"9,= If theie aie no assets
sufficient to pay #)% cieuits of any one class of cieuitois aftei paying the cieuits
entitleu to piefeience ovei it, each cieuitoi within such class shall be paiu a
uiviuenu in piopoi-tion to his claim. No cieuitoi of any one class shall ie-ceive any
payment until those of the pieceuing class aie paiu.
SEC. 9. J,#0#% '( ".,'$7%.# .'.2%,"8%.#< )'/ 8",F3',%8 '(= In case
auministiation is taken in the Phil-ippines of the estate of a peison who was at the
184
time of his ueath an inhabitant of anothei countiy, anu who uieu insolvent, his
estate founu in the Philippines shall, as fai as piacticable, be so uisposeu of that his
cieui-tois heie anu elsewheie may ieceive each an equal shaie, in piopoition to
theii iespective cieuits.
SEC. 1u. C)%. 0.8 )'/ 1$0"9 32'7%8 '+#,"8% #)% D)"$"33".%, 060".,# ".,'$7%.#
2%,"8%.#a, %,#0#% 30"8= If it appeais to the couit having juiisuiction that claims
have been uuly pioven in anothei countiy against the estate of an insolvent who
was at the time of his ueath an inhabitant of the Philippines, anu that the executoi oi
auministiatoi in the Philippines hau knowleuge of the piesentation of such claims in
such countiy anu an oppoitunity to contest theii allowance, the couit shall ieceive a
ceitifieu list of such claims, when peifecteu in such countiy, anu auu the same to the
list of claims pioveu against the ueceaseu peison in the Philippines so that a just
uistiibution of the whole estate may be maue equally among all its cieuitois
accoiuing to theii iespective claims; but the benefit of this anu the pie-ceuing
sections shall not be extenueu to the cieuitois in anothei countiy if the piopeity of
such ueceaseu pei-son theie founu is not equally appoitioneu to the cieui-tois
iesiuing in the Philippines anu the othei cieuitois, accoiuing to theii iespective
claims.
SEC. 11. :28%2 ('2 30;9%.# '( 8%4#,= Befoie the expiiation of the time limiteu
foi the payment of the uebts, the couit shall oiuei the payment theieof, anu the
uistiibution of the assets ieceiveu by the executoi oi auministiatoi foi that puipose
among the cieuitois, as the ciicumstances of the estate iequiie anu in accoi-uance
with the piovisions of this iule.
SEC. 12. :28%2, 2%$0#".6 #' 30;9%.# '( 8%4#, /)%2% 033%0$ ", #0I%.= If an
appeal has been taken fiom a uecision of the couit conceining a claim, the couit may
suspenu the oiuei foi the payment of the uebts oi may oiuei the uistiibution among
the cieuitois whose claims aie uefinitely alloweu, leaving in the hanus of the
ex-ecutoi oi auministiatoi sufficient assets to pay the claim uisputeu anu appealeu.
When a uisputeu claim is fi-nally settleu the couit having juiisuiction of the estate
shall oiuei the same to be paiu out of the assets ie-taineu to the same extent anu in
the same piopoition with the claims of othei cieuitois.
SEC. 1S. C)%. ,+4,%V+%.# 8",#2"4+#"'. '( 0,,%#, '28%2%8= If the whole of the
uebts aie not paiu on the fiist uistiibution, anu if the whole assets aie not
uis-tiibuteu, oi othei assets afteiwaius come to the hanus of the executoi oi
auministiatoi, the couit may fiom time to time make fuithei oiueis foi the
uistiibution of assets.
SEC. 14. 52%8"#'2, #' 4% 30"8 ". 011'280.1% /"#) #%29, '( '28%2= When an
18S
oiuei is maue foi the uistii-bution of assets among the cieuitois, the executoi oi
auministiatoi shall, as soon as the time of payment aiiives, pay the cieuitois the
amounts of theii claims, oi the uiviuenu theieon, in accoiuance with the teims of
such oiuei.
SEC. 1S. !"9% ('2 30;".6 8%4#, 0.8 $%601"%, ("L%8< '2 %L#%.8%8 0(#%2 .'#"1%< /"#)".
/)0# 3%2"'8,= 0n gianting letteis testamentaiy oi auministiation the couit shall
allow to the executoi oi auministiatoi a time foi uisposing of the estate anu paying
the uebts anu legacies of the ueceaseu, which shall not, in the fiist instance, exceeu
one (1) yeai; but the couit may, on application of the executoi oi auministiatoi anu
aftei heaiing on such notice of the time anu place theiefoi given to all peisons
inteiesteu as it shall uiiect, extenu the time as the ciicumstances of the estate
iequiie not exceeuing six (6) months foi a single extension noi so that the whole
peiiou alloweu to the oiiginal executoi oi auministiatoi shall exceeu two (2) yeais.
SEC. 16. >+11%,,'2 '( 8%08 %L%1+#'2 '2 089".",F#20#'2 90; )07% #"9% %L#%.8%8
'. .'#"1% /"#)". 1%2#0". 3%2"'8= When an executoi oi auministiatoi uies, anu a
new auministiatoi of the same estate is appointeu, the couit may extenu the time
alloweu foi the payment of the uebts oi legacies beyonu the time alloweu to the
oiiginal executoi oi auministiatoi, not exceeuing six (6) months at a time anu not
exceeuing six (6) months Beyonu the time which the couit might have alloweu to
such oiiginal executoi oi auministiatoi; anu notice shall be given of the time anu
place foi heaiing such applica-tion, as iequiieu in the last pieceuing section.

!"#$ <=
.)#$.C 8+!/')'$.C )(0 +/@$! $(2"8A!)(2$. +4 *!+*$!/1 +4
0$2$0$(/
SECTI0N 1. :28%2 '( ,0$% '( 3%2,'.0$#;=0pon the applica-tion of the executoi
oi auministiatoi, anu on wiitten notice to the heiis anu othei peisons inteiesteu,
the couit may oiuei the whole oi a pait of the peisonal estate to be solu, if it
appeais necessaiy foi the puipose of paying uebts, expenses of auministiation, oi
legacies, oi foi the pieseivation of the piopeity.
SEC. 2. C)%. 1'+2# 90; 0+#)'2"U% ,0$%< 9'2#606%< '2 '#)%2 %.1+9420.1% '(
186
2%0$#; #' 30; 8%4#, 0.8 $%601"%, #)2'+6) 3%2,'.0$#; .'# %L)0+,#%8=When the
peisonal estate of the ueceaseu is not sufficient to pay the uebts, expenses of
auministiation, anu legacies, oi wheie the sale of such peisonal estate may injuie
the business oi othei inteiests of those inteiesteu in the estate, anu wheie a testatoi
has not otheiwise maue sufficient piovision foi the payment of such uebts, expenses
anu legacies, the couit, on the application of the executoi oi auministiatoi anu on
wiitten notice to the heiis, uevisees, anu legatees iesiuing in the Philippines, may
authoiize the executoi oi auministiatoi to sell, moitgage, oi otheiwise encumbei so
much as may be necessaiy of the ieal estate, in lieu of peisonal estate, foi the
puipose of paying such uebts, expenses, anu legacies, if it cleaily appeais that such
sale, moitgage, oi encumbiance woulu be beneficial to the peisons inteiesteu; anu if
a pait cannot be solu, moitgageu, oi otheiwise encumbeieu without injuiy to those
inteiesteu in the iemainuei, the authoiity may be foi the sale, moitgage, oi othei
encumbiance of the whole of such ieal estate, oi so much theieof as is necessaiy oi
beneficial unuei the ciicumstances.
SEC. S. D%2,'., ".#%2%,#%8 90; 32%7%.# ,+1) ,0$%< %#1=< 4; 6"7".6 4'.8=No such
authoiity to sell, moitgage, oi otheiwise encumbei ieal oi peisonal estate shall be
gianteu if any peison inteiesteu in the estate gives a bonu, in a sum to be fixeu by
the couit, conuitioneu to pay the uebts, expenses of auministiation, anu legacies
within such time as the couit uiiects; anu such bonu shall be foi the secuiity of the
cieuitois, as well as of the executoi oi auministiatoi, anu may be piosecuteu foi the
benefit of eithei.
SEC. 4. C)%. 1'+2# 90; 0+#)'2"U% ,0$% '( %,#0#% 0, 4%.%("1"0$ #' ".#%2%,#%8
3%2,'.,= K",3',0$ '( 32'1%%8,=When it appeais that the sale of the whole oi a pait
of the ieal oi peisonal estate, will be beneficial to the heiis, uevisees, legatees, anu
othei inteiesteu peisons, the couit may, upon application of the executoi oi
auministiatoi anu on wiitten notice to the heiis, uevisees, anu legatees who aie
inteiesteu in the estate to be solu, authoiize the executoi oi auministiatoi to sell the
whole oi a pait of saiu estate, although not necessaiy to pay uebts, legacies, oi
expenses of auministiation; but such authoiity shall not be gianteu if inconsistent
with the piovisions of a will. In case of such sale, the pioceeus shall be assigneu to
the peisons entitleu to the estate in the piopei piopoitions.
SEC. S. C)%. 1'+2# 90; 0+#)'2"U% ,0$%< 9'2#606%< '2 '#)%2 %.1+9420.1% '(
%,#0#% #' 30; 8%4#, 0.8 $%601"%, ". '#)%2 1'+.#2"%,= When the sale of peisonal
estate, oi the sale, moitgage, oi othei encumbiance of ieal estate is not necessaiy to
pay the uebts, expenses of auministiation, oi legacies in the Philippines, but it
appeais fiom iecoius of pioceeuings of a piobate couit in anothei countiy that the
estate of the ueceaseu in such othei countiy is not sufficient to pay the uebts,
187
expenses anu auministiation, anu legacies theie, the couit heie may authoiize the
executoi oi auministiatoi to sell the peisonal estate oi to sell, moitgage, oi
otheiwise encumbei the ieal estate foi the payment of uebts oi legacies in the othei
countiy, in the same mannei as foi the payment of uebts oi legacies in the
Philippines.
SEC. 6. C)%. 1'+2# 90; 0+#)'2"U% ,0$%< 9'2#606%< '2 '#)%2 %.1+9420.1% '(
2%0$#; 01V+"2%8 '. %L%1+#"'. '2 ('2%1$',+2%=The couit may authoiize an executoi oi
auministiatoi to sell, moitgage, oi otheiwise encumbei ieal estate acquiieu by him
on execution oi foieclosuie sale, unuei the same ciicumstances anu unuei the same
iegulations as piesciibeu in this iule foi the sale, moitgage, oi othei encumbiance
of othei ieal estate.
SEC. 7. *%6+$0#"'., ('2 620.#".6 0+#)'2"#; #' ,%$$< 9'2#606%< '2 '#)%2/",%
%.1+94%2 %,#0#%,=The couit having juiisuiction of the estate of the ueceaseu may
authoiize the executoi oi auministiatoi to sell peisonal estate, oi to sell, moitgage,
oi otheiwise encumbei ieal estate, in cases pioviueu by these iules anu when it
appeais necessaiy oi beneficial, unuei the following iegulations:
(a) The executoi oi auministiatoi shall file a wiitten petition
setting foith the uebts uue fiom the ueceaseu, the expenses of auministiation,
the legacies, the value of the peisonal estate, the
situation of the estate to be solu, moitgageu, oi otheiwise
encumbeieu, anu such othei facts as show that the sale, moitgage, oi othei
encumbiance is necessaiy oi beneficial;
(b) The couit shall theieupon fix a time anu place foi heaiing
such petition, anu cause notice stating the natuie of the petition, the ieason
foi the same, anu the time anu place of heaiing, to be given peisonally oi by
mail to the peisons inteiesteu, anu may cause such fuithei notice to be given,
by publication oi otheiwise, as it shall ueem piopei;
(c) If the couit iequiies it, the executoi oi auministiatoi shall give
an auuitional bonu, in such sum as the couit uiiects, conuitioneu that such
executoi oi auministiatoi will account foi the pioceeus of the sale, moitgage,
oi othei encumbiance;
(u) If the iequiiements in the pieceuing subuivisions of this section
have been complieu with, the couit, by oiuei stating such compliance, may
authoiize the executoi oi auministiatoi to sell, moitgage, oi otheiwise
encumbei, in piopei cases, such pait of the estate as is ueemeu necessaiy, anu
in case of sale the couit may authoiize it to be public oi piivate, as woulu be
188
most beneficial to all paities conceineu. The executoi oi auministiatoi shall be
fuinisheu with a ceitifieu copy of such oiuei;
(e) If the estate is to be solu at auction, the moue of giving notice of
the time anu place of the sale shall be goveineu by the piovisions conceining
notice of execution sale;
(f) Theie shall be iecoiueu in the iegistiy of ueeus of the
piovince in which the ieal estate thus solu, moitgageu, oi otheiwise
encumbeieu is situateu, a ceitifieu copy of the oiuei of the couit, togethei with
the ueeu of the executoi oi auministiatoi foi such ieal estate, which shall be as
valiu as if the ueeu hau been executeu by the ueceaseu in his lifetime.
SEC. 8. C)%. 1'+2# 90; 0+#)'2"U% 1'.7%;0.1% '( 2%0$#; /)"1) 8%1%0,%8
1'.#201#%8 #' 1'.7%;= E'#"1%= J((%1# '( 8%%8=Wheie the ueceaseu was in his lifetime
unuei contiact, binuing in law, to ueeu ieal piopeity, oi an inteiest theiein, the
couit having juiisuiction of the estate may, on application foi that puipose,
authoiize the executoi oi auministiatoi to convey such piopeity accoiuing to such
contiact, oi with such mouifications as aie agieeu upon by the paities anu appioveu
by the couit; anu if the contiact is to convey ieal piopeity to the executoi oi
auministiatoi, the cleik of the couit shall execute the ueeu. The ueeu executeu by
such executoi, auministiatoi, oi cleik of couit shall be as effectual to convey the
piopeity as if executeu by the ueceaseu in his lifetime; but no such conveyance shall
be authoiizeu until notice of the application foi that puipose has been given
peisonally oi by mail to all peisons inteiesteu, anu such fuithei notice has been
given, by publication oi otheiwise, as the couit ueems piopei; noi if the assets in
the hanus of the executoi oi auministiatoi will theieby be ieuuceu so 0, to pievent
a cieuitoi fiom ieceiving his full uebt oi uiminish his uiviuenu.
SEC. 9. C)%. 1'+2# 90; 0+#)'2"U% 1'.7%;0.1% '( $0.8, /)"1) 8%1%0,%8 )%$8 ".
#2+,#=Wheie the ueceaseu in his lifetime helu ieal piopeity in tiust foi anothei
peison, the couit may, aftei notice given as iequiieu in the last pieceuing section,
authoiize the executoi oi auministiatoi to ueeu such piopeity to the peison, oi his
executoi oi auministiatoi, foi whose use anu benefit it was so helu; anu the couit
may oiuei the execution of such tiust, whethei cieateu by ueeu oi by law.

!"#$ =>
189
0-./!-A"/-+( )(0 *)!/-/-+( +4 /@$ $./)/$
SECTI0N 1. C)%. '28%2 ('2 8",#2"4+#"'. '( 2%,"8+% 908%=When the uebts,
funeial chaiges, anu expenses of auministiation, the allowance to the wiuow, anu
inheiitance tax, if any, chaigeable to the estate in accoiuance with law, have been
paiu, the couit, on the application of the executoi oi auministiatoi, oi of a peison
inteiesteu in the estate, anu aftei heaiing upon notice, shall assign the iesiuue of the
estate to the peisons entitleu to the same, naming them anu the piopoitions, oi
paits, to which each is entitleu, anu such peisons may uemanu anu iecovei theii
iespective shaies fiom the executoi oi auministiatoi, oi any othei peison having
the same in his possession. If theie is a contioveisy befoie the couit as to who aie
the lawful heiis of the ueceaseu peison oi as to the uistiibutive shaies to which each
peison is entitleu unuei the law, the contioveisy shall be heaiu anu ueciueu as in
oiuinaiy cases.
No uistiibution shall be alloweu until the payment of the obligations above
mentioneu has been maue oi pioviueu foi, unless the uistiibutees, oi any of them,
give a bonu, in a sum to be fixeu by the couit, conuitioneu foi the payment of saiu
obligations within such time as the couit uiiects.
SEC. 2. X+%,#"'., 0, #' 0870.1%9%.# #' 4% 8%#%29".%8=Questions as to
auvancement maue, oi allegeu to have been maue, by the ueceaseu to any heii may
be heaiu anu ueteimineu by the couit having juiisuiction of the estate pioceeuings;
anu the final oiuei of the couit theieon shall be binuing on the peison iaising the
questions anu on the heii.
SEC. S. By /)'9 %L3%.,%, '( 302#"#"'. 30"8=If at the time of the uistiibution
the executoi oi auministiatoi has ietaineu sufficient effects in his hanus which may
lawfully be applieu foi the expenses of paitition of the piopeities uistiibuteu, such
expenses of paitition may be paiu by such executoi oi auministiatoi when it
appeais equitable to the couit anu not inconsistent with the intention of the
testatoi; otheiwise, they shall be paiu by the paities in piopoition to theii
iespective shaies oi inteiest in the piemises, anu the appoitionment shall be settleu
anu alloweu by the couit, anu, if any peison inteiesteu in the paitition uoes not pay
his piopoition oi shaie, the couit may issue an execution in the name of the
executoi oi auministiatoi against the paity not paying foi the sum assesseu.
SEC. 4. *%1'28".6 #)% '28%2 '( 302#"#"'. '( %,#0#%=Ceitifieu copies of final
oiueis anu juugments of the couit ielating to the ieal estate oi the paitition theieof
shall be iecoiueu in the iegistiy of ueeus of the piovince wheie the piopeity is
situateu.
19u



!"#$ =&
$.2@$)/.
SECTI0N 1. C)%. 0.8 4; /)'9 3%#"#"'. ("$%8=RWhen a peison uies intestate,
seizeu of ieal oi peisonal piopeity in the Philippines, leaving no heii oi peison by
law entitleu to the same, the Solicitoi ueneial oi his iepiesentative in behalf of the
Republic of the Philippines, may file a petition in the Regional Tiial Couit of the
piovince wheie the ueceaseu last iesiueu oi In which he hau estate, if he iesiueu out
of the Philippines, setting foith the facts, anu piaying that the estate of the ueceaseu
be ueclaieu escheateu.
SEC. 2. :28%2 ('2 )%02".6=If the petition is sufficient in foim anu substance,
the couit, by an oiuei ieciting the puipose of the petition, shall fix a uate anu place
foi the heaiing theieof, which uate shall be not moie than six (6) months aftei the
entiy of the oiuei, anu shall uiiect that a copy of the oiuei be publisheu befoie the
heaiing at least once a week foi six (6) successive weeks in some newspapei of
geneial ciiculation publisheu in the piovince, as the couit shall ueem best.
SEC. S. S%02".6 0.8 B+869%.#=0pon satisfactoiy pioof in open couit on the
uate fixeu in the oiuei that such oiuei has been publisheu as uiiecteu anu that the
peison uieu intestate, seizeu of ieal oi peisonal piopeity in the Philippines, leaving
no heii oi peison entitleu to the same, anu no sufficient cause being shown to the
contiaiy, the couit shall aujuuge that the estate of the ueceaseu in the Philippines,
aftei the payment of just uebts anu chaiges, shall escheat; anu shall, puisuant to law,
assign the peisonal estate to the municipality oi city wheie he last iesiueu in the
Philippines, anu the ieal estate to the municipalities oi cities, iespectively, in which
191
the same is situateu. If the ueceaseu nevei iesiueu in the Philippines, the whole
estate may be assigneu to the iespective municipalities oi cities wheie the same is
locateu. Such estate shall be foi the benefit of public schools, anu public chaiitable
institutions anu centeis in saiu municipalities oi cities.
The couit, at the instance of an inteiesteu paity, oi on its own motion, may
oiuei the establishment of a peimanent tiust, so that only the income fiom the
piopeity shall be useu.
SEC. 4. C)%. 0.8 4; /)'9 1$0"9 #' %,#0#% ("$%8=If a uevisee, legatee, heii,
wiuow, wiuowei, oi othei peison entitleu to such estate appeais anu files a claim
theieto with the couit within five (S) yeais fiom the uate of such juugment such
peison shall have possession of anu title to the same, oi if solu, the municipality oi
city shall be accountable to, him foi the pioceeus, aftei ueuucting ieasonable
chaiges foi the caie of the estate; but a claim not maue within saiu time shall be
foievei baiieu.
SEC. S. :#)%2 01#"'., ('2 %,1)%0#=R0ntil otheiwise pioviueu by law, actions foi
ieveision oi escheat of piopeities alienateu in violation of the Constitution oi of any
statute shall be goveineu by this iule, except that the action shall be instituteu in the
piovince wheie the lanu lies in whole oi in pait.

'$($!)# '")!0-)(. )(0 '")!0-)(.@-*
!"#$ =3
,$("$
SECTI0N 1. C)%2% #' ".,#"#+#% 32'1%%8".6,=uuaiuianship of the peison oi
estate of a minoi oi incompetent may be instituteu in the Regional Tiial Couit of the
piovince, oi in the justice of the peace couit of the municipality, oi in the municipal
couit of the chaiteieu city wheie the minoi oi incompetent peison iesiues, anu if he
iesiues in a foieign countiy, in the Regional Tiial Couit of the piovince wheiein his
piopeity oi pait theieof is situateu; pioviueu, howevei, that wheie the value of the
piopeity of such minoi oi incompetent exceeus the juiisuiction of the justice of the
peace oi municipal couit, the pioceeuings shall be instituteu in the Regional Tiial
Couit.
In the City of Nanila the pioceeuings shall be instituteu in the }uvenile anu
192
Bomestic Relations Couit.
SEC. 2. A%0.".6 '( /'28 b".1'93%#%.#=b0nuei this iule, the woiu
"incompetent" incluues peisons suffeiing the penalty of civil inteiuiction oi who aie
hospitalizeu lepeis, piouigals, ueaf anu uumb who aie unable to ieau anu wiite,
those who aie of unsounu minu, even though they have luciu inteivals, anu peisons
not being of unsounu minu, but by ieason of age, uisease, weak minu, anu othei
similai causes, cannot, without outsiue aiu, take caie of themselves anu manage
theii piopeity, becoming theieby an easy piey foi ueceit anu exploitation.
SEC. S. !20.,(%2 '( 7%.+%=The couit taking cognizance of a guaiuianship
pioceeuing, may tiansfei the same to the couit of anothei piovince oi municipality
wheiein the waiu has acquiieu ieal piopeity, if he has tiansfeiieu theieto his 4'.0
("8% iesiuence, anu the lattei couit shall have full juiisuiction to continue the
pioceeuings, without iequiiing payment of auuitional couit fees.

!"#$ =5
)**+-(/8$(/ +4 '")!0-)(.
SECTI0N 1. C)' 90; 3%#"#"'. ('2 033'".#9%.# '( 6+028"0. ('2 2%,"8%.#=Any
ielative, fiienu, oi othei peison on behalf of a iesiuent minoi oi incompetent who
has no paient oi lawful guaiuian, oi the minoi himself if fouiteen yeais of age oi
ovei, may petition the couit having juiisuiction foi the appointment of a geneial
guaiuian foi the peison oi estate, oi both, of such minoi oi incompetent. An officei
of the Feueial Auministiation of the 0niteu States in the Philippines may also file a
"petition in favoi of a waiu theieof, anu the Biiectoi of Bealth, in favoi of an insane
peison who shoulu be hospitalizeu, oi in favoi of an isolateu lepei.
SEC. 2. 5'.#%.#, '( 3%#"#"'.=RH petition foi the appoint-ment of a geneial
guaiuian must show, so fai as known to the petitionei:
(a) The juiisuictional facts;
(b) The minoiity oi incompetency ienueiing the appoint-ment
necessaiy oi convenient;
19S
(c) The names, ages, anu iesiuences of the ielatives of the minoi oi
incompetent, anu of the peisons having him in theii caie;
(u) The piobable value anu chaiactei of his estate;
(e) The name of the peison foi whom letteis of guaiuianship aie
piayeu.
The petition shall be veiifieu; but no uefect in the petition oi veiification shall
ienuei voiu the issuance of letteis of guaiuianship.
SEC. S. 5'+2# #' ,%# #"9% ('2 )%02".6= E'#"1% #)%2%'(=RWhen a petition foi the
appointment of a geneial guaiuian is fileu, the couit shall fix a time anu place foi
heaiing the same, anu shall cause ieasonable notice theieof to be given to the
peisons mentioneu in the petition iesiuing in the piovince, incluuing the minoi if
above 14 yeais of age oi the incompetent himself, anu may uiiect othei geneial oi
special notice theieof to be given.
SEC. 4. :33',"#"'. #' 3%#"#"'.=Any inteiesteu peison may, by filing a wiitten
opposition, contest the petition on the giounu of majoiity of the allegeu minoi,
competency, of the allegeu incompetent, oi the unsuitability of the peison foi whom
letteis aie piayeu, anu may piay that the petition be uismisseu, oi that letteis of
guaiuianship issue to himself, oi to any suitable peison nameu in the opposition.
SEC. S. S%02".6 0.8 '28%2 ('2 $%##%2, #' ",,+%=At the heaiing of the petition the
allegeu incompetent must be piesent if able to attenu, anu it must be shown that the
iequiieu notice has been given. Theieupon the couit shall heai the eviuence of the
paities in suppoit of theii iespective allegations, anu, if the peison in question is a
minoi oi incompetent it shall appoint a suitable guaiuian of his peison oi estate, oi
both, with the poweis anu uuties heieinaftei specifieu.
SEC. 6. C)%. 0.8 )'/ 6+028"0. ('2 .'.2%,"8%.# 033'".#%8= E'#"1%=When a
peison liable to be put unuei guaiuianship iesiues without the Philippines but has
estate theiein, any ielative oi fiienu of such peison, oi any one inteiesteu in his
estate, in expectancy oi otheiwise, may petition a couit having juiisuiction foi the
appointment of a guaiuian foi the estate, anu if, aftei notice given to such peison
anu in such mannei as the couit ueems piopei, by publication oi otheiwise, anu
heaiing the couit is satisfieu that such noniesiuent is a minoi oi incompetent
ienueiing a guaiuian necessaiy oi convenient, it may appoint a guaiuian foi such
estate.
SEC. 7. D02%.#, 0, 6+028"0.,=When the piopeity of the chilu unuei paiental
authoiity is woith two thousanu pesos oi less, the fathei oi the mothei, without the
194
necessity of couit appointment, shall be his legal guaiuian. When the piopeity of the
chilu is woith moie than two thousanu pesos, the fathei oi the mothei shall be
consiueieu guaiuian of the chilu's piopeity, with the uuties anu obligation of
guaiuians unuei these iules, anu shall file the petition iequiieu by section 2 heieof.
Foi goou ieasons the couit may, howevei, appoint anothei suitable peison.
SEC. 8. >%27"1% '( B+869%.#=Final oiueis oi juugments unuei this iule shall
be seiveu upon the civil iegistiai of the municipality oi city wheie the minoi oi
incompetent peison iesiues; oi wheie his piopeity oi pait theieof is situateu.

!"#$ =6
A+(0. +4 '")!0-)(.
SECTI0N 1. Q'.8 #' 4% 6"7%. 4%('2% ",,+0.1% '( $%##%2,= H9'+.#= 5'.8"#"'.,=
Befoie a guaiuian appointeu enteis upon the execution of his tiust, oi letteis of
guaiuianship issue, he shall give a bonu, in such sum as the couit uiiects,
conuitioneu as follows:
(a) To make anu ietuin to the couit, within thiee (S) months, a
tiue anu complete inventoiy of all the estate, ieal anu peisonal, of his
waiu which shall come to his possession oi knowleuge oi to the possession
oi knowleuge of any othei peison foi him;
(b) To faithfully execute the uuties of his tiust, to manage anu
uispose of the estate accoiuing to these iules foi the best inteiests of the waiu,
anu to pioviue foi the piopei caie, custouy, anu euucation of the waiu;
(c) To ienuei a tiue anu just account of all the estate of the waiu in
his hanus, anu of all pioceeus oi inteiest ueiiveu theiefiom, anu of the
management anu uisposition of the same, at the time uesignateu by these iules
anu such othei times as the couit uiiects, anu at the expiiation of his tiust to
settle his accounts with the couit anu uelivei anu pay ovei all the estate,
effects, anu moneys iemaining in his hanus, oi uue fiom him on such
settlement, to the peison lawfully entitleu theieto;
(u) To peifoim all oiueis of the couit by him to be peifoimeu.
19S
SEC. 2. C)%. .%/ 4'.8 90; 4% 2%V+"2%8 0.8 '$8 ,+2%#"%, 8",1)026%8=
Whenevei it is ueemeu necessaiy, the couit may iequiie a new bonu to be given by
the guaiuian, anu may uischaige the suieties on the olu bonu fiom fuithei liability,
aftei uue notice to inteiesteu peisons, when no injuiy can iesult theiefiom to those
inteiesteu in the estate.
SEC. S. Q'.8, #' 4% ("$%8= H1#"'., #)%2%'.=Eveiy bonu given by a guaiuian
shall be fileu in the office of the cleik of the couit, anu, in case of the bieach of a
conuition theieof, may be piosecuteu in the same pioceeuing oi in a sepaiate action
foi the use anu benefit of the waiu oi of any othei peison legally inteiesteu in the
estate.

!"#$ =7
.$##-(' )(0 $(2"8A$!-(' *!+*$!/1 +4 ?)!0
SECTI0N 1. D%#"#"'. '( 6+028"0. ('2 $%07% #' ,%$$ '2 %.1+94%2 %,#0#%=When the
income of an estate unuei guaiuian-ship is insufficient to maintain the waiu anu his
family, oi to maintain anu euucate the waiu when a minoi, oi when it appeais that it
is foi the benefit of the waiu that is ieal estate oi some pait theieof be solu, oi
moitgageu oi otheiwise encumbeieu, anu the pioceeus theieof put out at inteiest,
oi investeu in some piouuctive secuiity, oi in the impiovement oi secuiity of othei
ieal estate of the waiu, the guaiuian may piesent a veiifieu petition to the couit by
which he was appointeu setting foith such facts, anu piaying that an oiuei issue
authoiizing the sale oi encumbiance.
SEC. 2. :28%2 #' ,)'/ 10+,% #)%2%+3'.=If it seems piobable that such sale oi
encumbiance is necessaiy, oi woulu be beneficial to the waiu, the couit shall make
an oiuei uiiecting the next of kin of the waiu, anu all peisons inteiesteu in the
estate, to appeai at a ieasonable time anu place theiein specifieu to show cause why
the piayei of the petition shoulu not be gianteu.
SEC. S. S%02".6 '. 2%#+2. '( '28%2= 5',#,=At the time anu place uesignateu in
the oiuei to show cause, the couit shall heai the pioofs anu allegations of the
petitionei anu next of kin, anu othei peisons inteiesteu, togethei with theii
witnesses, anu giant oi iefuse the piayei of the petition as the best inteiests of the
196
waiu iequiie. The couit shall make such oiuei as to costs of the heaiing as may be
just.
SEC. 4. 5'.#%.#, '( '28%2 ('2 ,0$% '2 %.1+9420.1%< 0.8 )'/ $'.6 %((%1#"7%=
Q'.8=If, aftei full examination, it appeais that it is necessaiy, oi woulu be
beneficial to the waiu, to sell oi encumbei the estate, oi some poition of it, the couit
shall oiuei such sale oi encumbiance anu that the pioceeus theieof be expenueu foi
the maintenance of the waiu anu his family, oi the euucation of the waiu, if a minoi,
oi foi the putting of the same out at inteiest, oi the investment of the same as the
ciicumstances may iequiie. The oiuei shall specify the causes why the sale. oi
encumbiance is necessaiy oi beneficial, anu may uiiect that estate oiueieu solu be
uisposeu of at eithei public oi piivate sale, subject to such conuitions as to the time
anu mannei of payment, anu secuiity wheie a pait of the payment is uefeiieu, as in
the uiscietion of the couit aie ueemeu most beneficial to the waiu. The oiiginal
bonu of the guaiuian shall stanu as secuiity foi the piopei appiopiiation of the
pioceeus of the sale, but the juuge may, if ueemeu expeuient, iequiie an auuitional
bonu as a conuition foi the gianting of the oiuei of sale. No oiuei of sale gianteu in
puisuance of this section shall continue in foice moie than one (1) yeai aftei
gianting the same, without a sale being hau.
SEC. S. 5'+2# 90; '28%2 ".7%,#9%.# '( 32'1%%8, 0.8 8"2%1# 90.06%9%.# '(
%,#0#%=The couit may authoiize anu iequiie the guaiuian to invest the pioceeus of
sales oi encumbiances, anu any othei of his waiu's money in his hanus, in ieal
estate oi otheiwise, as shall be foi the best inteiest of all conceineu, anu may make
such othei oiueis foi the management, investment, anu uisposition of the estate anu
effects, as ciicumstances may iequiie.


!"#$ =9
'$($!)# *+?$!. )(0 0"/-$. +4 '")!0-)(.
SECTI0N 1. !' /)0# 6+028"0.,)"3 ,)0$$ %L#%.8=RA guaiuian appointeu shall
have the caie anu custouy of the peison of his waiu, anu the management of his
estate, oi the management of his estate only as the case may be. The guaiuian of the
estate of a noniesiuent shall have the management of all the estate of the waiu
within the Philippines, anu no couit othei than that in which such guaiuian was
197
appointeu shall have juiisuiction ovei the guaiuianship.
SEC. 2. M+028"0. #' 30; 8%4#, '( /028=Eveiy guaiuian must pay the waiu's
just uebts out of his peisonal estate anu the income of his ieal estate, if sufficient; if
not, then out of his ieal estate upon obtaining an oiuei foi the sale oi encumbiance
theieof.
SEC. S. M+028"0. #' ,%##$% 011'+.#,< 1'$$%1# 8%4#,< 0.8 033%02 ". 01#"'., ('2
/028=A guaiuian must settle all accounts of his waiu, anu uemanu, sue foi, the
ieceive all uebts uue him, oi may, with the appioval of the couit, compounu foi the
same anu give uischaiges to the uebtoi, on ieceiving a faii anu just uiviuenu of the
estate anu effects; anu he shall appeai foi anu iepiesent his waiu in all actions anu
special pioceeuings, unless anothei peison be appointeu foi that puipose.
SEC. 4. J,#0#% #' 4% 90.06%8 (2+60$$;< 0.8 32'1%%8, 033$"%8 #' 90".#%.0.1% '(
/028=A guaiuian must manage the estate of his waiu fiugally anu without waste,
anu apply the income anu piofits theieof, so fai as may be necessaiy, to the
comfoitable anu suitable maintenance of the waiu anu his family, if theie be any;
anu if such income anu piofits be insufficient foi that puipose, the guaiuian may sell
oi encumbei the ieal estate, upon being authoiizeu by oiuei so to uo, anu apply so
much of the pioceeus as may be necessaiy to such maintenance.
SEC. S. M+028"0. 90; 4% 0+#)'2"U%8 #' B'". ". 302#"#"'. 32'1%%8".6, 0(#%2
)%02".6=The couit may authoiize the guaiuian to join in an assent to a paitition of
ieal oi peisonal estate helu by the waiu jointly oi in common with otheis, but such
authoiity shall only be gianteu aftei heaiing, upon such notice to ielatives of the
waiu as the couit may uiiect, anu a caieful investigation as to the necessity anu
piopiiety of the pioposeu action.
SEC. 6, D2'1%%8".6, /)%. 3%2,'. ,+,3%1#%8 '( %94%UU$".6 '2 1'.1%0$".6 32'3%2#;
'( /028=0pon complaint of the guaiuian oi waiu, oi of any peison having actual oi
piospective inteiest in the estate of the waiu as cieuitoi, heii, oi otheiwise, that
anyone is suspecteu of having embezzleu, concealeu, oi conveyeu away any money,
goous, oi inteiest, oi a wiitten instiument, belonging to the waiu oi his estate, the
couit may cite the suspecteu peison to appeai foi examination touching such
money, goous, inteiest, oi instiument, anu make such oiueis as will secuie the
estate against such embezzlement, concealment oi conveyance.
SEC. 7. -.7%.#'2"%, 0.8 011'+.#, '( 6+028"0.,< 0.8 03320",%F9%.# '( %,#0#%,=
A guaiuian must ienuei to the couit an inventoiy of the estate of his waiu within
thiee (S) months aftei his appoint-ment, anu annually aftei such appointment an
inventoiy anu account, the ienuition of any of which may be compelleu upon the
198
application of an inteiesteu peison. Such inventoiies anu accounts shall be swoin to
by the guaiuian. All the estate of the waiu uesciibeu in the fiist inventoiy shall be
appiaiseu. In the appiaisement the couit may iequest the assistance of one oi moie
of the inheiitance tax appiaiseis. Anu whenevei any piopeity of the waiu not
incluueu in an inventoiy alieauy ienueieu is uiscoveieu, oi succeeueu to, oi
acquiieu by the waiu, like pioceeuings shall be hau foi secuiing an inventoiy anu
appiaisement theieof within thiee (S) months aftei such uiscoveiy, succession, oi
acquisition.
SEC. 8. C)%. 6+028"0.a, 011'+.#, 32%,%.#%8 ('2 ,%##$%9%.#= JL3%.,%, 0.8
1'93%.,0#"'. 0$$'/%8=0pon the expiiation of a yeai fiom the time of his
appointment, anu as often theieaftei as may be iequiieu, a guaiuian must piesent
his account to the couit foi settlement anu allowance. In the settlement of the
account, the guaiuian, othei than a paient, shall be alloweu the amount of his
ieasonable expenses incuiieu in the execution of his tiust anu also such
compensation foi his seivices as the couit ueems just, not exceeuing fifteen pei
1%.#+9 of the net income of the waiu.


!"#$ =;
/$!8-()/-+( +4 '")!0-)(.@-*
SECTI0N 1. D%#"#"'. #)0# 1'93%#%.1; '( /028 4% 08B+86%8< 0.8 32'1%%8".6,
#)%2%+3'.=A peison who has been ueclaieu incompetent foi any ieason, oi his
guaiuian, ielative, oi fiienu, may petition the couit to have his piesent competency
juuicially ueteimineu. The petition shall be veiifieu by oath, anu shall state that such
peison is then competent. 0pon ieceiving the petition, the couit shall fix a time foi
heaiing the questions iaiseu theieby, anu cause ieasonable notice theieof to be
given to the guaiuian of the peison so ueclaieu incompetent, anu to the waiu. 0n
the tiial, the guaiuian oi ielatives of the waiu, anu, in the uiscietion of the couit, any
othei peison, may contest the iight to the ielief uemanueu, anu witnesses may be
calleu anu examineu by the paities oi by the couit on its own motion. If it be founu
that the peison is no longei incompetent, his competency shall be aujuugeu anu the
guaiuianship shall cease.
SEC. 2. C)%. 6+028"0. 2%9'7%8 '2 0$$'/%8 #' 2%,"6.= E%/ 033'".#9%.#=When
199
a guaiuian becomes insane oi otheiwise incapable of uischaiging his tiust oi
unsuitable theiefoi, oi has wasteu oi mismanageu the estate, oi faileu foi thiity (Su)
uays aftei it is uue to ienuei an account oi make a ietuin, the couit may, upon
ieasonable notice to the guaiuian, iemove him, anu compel him to suiienuei the
estate of the waiu to the peison founu to be lawfully entitleu theieto. A guaiuian
may iesign when it appeais piopei to allow the same; anu upon his iesignation oi
iemoval the couit may appoint anothei in his place.
SEC. S. :#)%2 #%29".0#"'. '( 6+028"0.,)"3=The maiiiage oi voluntaiy
emancipation of a minoi waiu teiminates the guaiuianship of the peison of the
waiu, anu shall enable the minoi to auministei his piopeity as though he weie of
age, but he cannot boiiow money oi alienate oi encumbei ieal piopeity without the
consent of his fathei oi mothei, oi guaiuian. Be can sue anu be sueu in couit only
with the assistance of his fathei, mothei oi guaiuian. The guaiuian of any peison
may be uischaigeu by the couit when it appeais, upon the application of the waiu oi
othei-wise, that the guaiuianship is no longei necessaiy.
SEC. 4. *%1'28 #' 4% I%3# 4; #)% B+,#"1% '( #)% 3%01% '2 9+."1"30$ '2 1"#; B+86%=
When a justice of the peace oi municipal couit takes cognizance of the pioceeuings
in puisuance of the piovisions of these iules, the iecoiu of the pioceeuings shall be
kept as in the Regional Tiial Couit.
SEC. S. >%27"1% '( B+869%.#=Final oiueis oi juugments unuei this iule shall be
seiveu upon the civil iegistiai of the municipality oi city wheie the minoi oi
incompetent peison iesiues oi wheie his piopeity oi pait theieof is situateu.


!"#$ =<
/!"./$$.
SECTI0N 1. C)%2% #2+,#%% 033'".#%8=A tiustee necessaiy to caiiy into effect
the piovisions of a will oi wiitten instiument shall be appointeu by the Regional
Tiial Couit in which the will was alloweu, if it be a will alloweu in the Philippines,
otheiwise by the Regional Tiial Couit of the piovince in which the piopeity, oi some
poition theieof, affecteu by the tiust is situateu.
SEC. 2. H33'".#9%.# 0.8 3'/%2, '( #2+,#%% +.8%2 /"$$= JL%1+#'2 '( ('29%2 #2+,#%%
2uu
.%%8 .'# 089".",#%2 #2+,#=If a testatoi has omitteu in his will to appoint a tiustee in
the Philippines, anu if such appointment is necessaiy to caiiy into effect the
piovisions of the will, the piopei Regional Tiial Couit may, aftei notice to all
peisons inteiesteu, appoint a tiustee who shall have the same iights, poweis, anu
uuties, anu in whom the estate shall vest, as if he hau been appointeu by the testatoi.
No peison succeeuing to a tiust as executoi oi auministiatoi of a foimei tiustee
shall be iequiieu to accept such tiust.
SEC. S. H33'".#9%.# 0.8 3'/%2, '( .%/ #2+,#%% +.8%2 /2"##%. ".,#2+9%.#=
When a tiustee unuei a wiitten instiument ueclines, iesigns, uies, oi is iemoveu
befoie the objects of the tiust aie accomplisheu, anu no auequate piovision is maue
in such instiument foi supplying the vacancy, the piopei Regional Tiial Couit may,
aftei uue notice to all peisons inteiesteu, appoint a new tiustee to act alone oi
jointly with the otheis, as the case may be. Such new tiustee shall have anu exeicise
the same poweis, iights, anu uuties as if he hau been oiiginally appointeu, anu the
tiust estate shall vest in him in like mannei as it hau vesteu oi woulu have vesteu, in
the tiustee in whose place he is substituteu; anu the couit may oiuei such
conveyance to be maue by the foimei tiustee oi his iepiesentatives, oi by the othei
iemaining tiustees, as may be necessaiy oi piopei to vest the tiust estate in the new
tiustee, eithei alone oi jointly with the otheis.
SEC. 4. D2'1%%8".6, /)%2% #2+,#%%F 033'".#%8 042'08= When lanu in the
Philippines is helu in tiust foi peisons iesiuent heie by a tiustee who ueiives his
authoiity fiom without the Philippines, such tiustee shall, on petition fileu in the
Regional Tiial Couit of the piovince wheie the lanu is situateu, anu aftei uue notice
to all peisons inteiesteu, be oiueieu to apply to the couit foi appointment as
tiustee; anu upon his neglect oi iefusal to comply with such oiuei, the couit shall
ueclaie such tiust vacant, anu shall appoint a new tiustee in whom the tiust estate
shall vest in like mannei as if he hau been oiiginally appointeu by such couit.
SEC. S. !2+,#%% 9+,# ("$% 4'.8=RBefoie enteiing on the uuties of his tiust, a
tiustee shall file with the cleik of the couit having juiisuiction of the tiust a bonu in
the amount fixeu by the juuge of saiu couit, payable to the uoveinment of the
Philippines anu sufficient anu available foi the piotection of any paity in inteiest,
anu a tiustee who neglects to file such bonu shall be consiueieu to have ueclineu oi
iesigneu the tiust; but the couit may, until fuithei oiuei exempt a tiustee unuei a
will fiom giving a bonu when the testatoi has uiiecteu oi iequesteu such exemption,
anu may so exempt any tiustee when all peisons beneficially inteiesteu in the tiust,
being of full age, iequest the exemption. Such exemption may be cancelleu by the
couit at any time, anu the tiustee iequiieu to foithwith file a bonu.
2u1
SEC. 6. 5'.8"#"'., ".1$+8%8 ". 4'.8=The following conuitions shall be ueemeu
to be a pait of the bonu whethei wiitten theiein oi not:
(a) That the tiustee will make anu ietuin to the couit, at such time
as it may oiuei, a tiue inventoiy of all the ieal anu peisonal estate belonging to
him as tiustee, which at the time of the making of such inventoiy shall have
come to his possession oi knowleuge;
(b) That he will manage anu uispose of all such estate, anu faithfully
uischaige his tiust in ielation theieto, accoiuing to law anu the will of the
testatoi oi the piovisions of the instiument oi oiuei unuei which he is
appointeu;
(c) That he will ienuei upon oath at least once a yeai until his tiust
is fulfilleu, unless he is excuseu theiefiom in any yeai by the couit, a tiue
account of the piopeity in his hanus anu of the management anu uisposition
theieof, anu will ienuei such othei accounts as the couit may oiuei;
(u) That at the expiiation of his tiust he will settle his accounts in
couit anu pay ovei anu uelivei all the estate iemaining in his hanus, oi uue
fiom him on such settlement, to the peison oi peisons entitleu theieto.
But when the tiustee is appointeu as a successoi to a piioi tiustee, the couit
may uispense with the making anu ietuin of an inventoiy, if one has alieauy been
fileu, anu in such case the conuition of the bonu shall be ueemeu to be alteieu
accoiuingly.
SEC. 7. H3320",0$= 5'93%.,0#"'. '( #2+,#%%=When an inventoiy is iequiieu to
be ietuineu by a tiustee, the estate anu effects belonging to the tiust shall be
appiaiseu anu the couit may oiuei one oi moie inheiitance tax appiaiseis to assist
in the appiaisement. The compensation of the tiustee shall be fixeu by the couit, if it
be not ueteimineu in the instiument cieating the tiust.
SEC. 8. *%9'70$ '2 2%,"6.0#"'. '( #2+,#%%=The piopei Regional Tiial Couit
may, upon petition of the paities beneficially inteiesteu anu aftei uue notice to the
tiustee anu heaiing, iemove a tiustee if such iemoval appeais essential in the
inteiests of the petitioneis. The couit may also, aftei uue notice to all peisons
inteiesteu, iemove a tiustee who is insane oi otheiwise incapable of uischaiging his
tiust oi eviuently unsuitable theiefoi. A tiustee, whethei appointeu by the couit oi
unuei a wiitten instiument, may iesign his tiust if it appeais to the couit piopei to
allow such iesignation.
SEC. 9. D2'1%%8".6, ('2 ,0$% '2 %.1+9420.1% '( #2+,# %,#0#%=RWhen the sale oi
2u2
encumbiance of any ieal oi peisonal estate helu in tiust is necessaiy oi expeuient,
the couit having juiisuiction of the tiust may, on petition anu aftei uue notice anu
heaiing, oiuei such sale oi encumbiance to be maue, anu the ieinvestment anu
application of the pioceeus theieof in such mannei as will best effect the objects of
the tiust. The petition, notice, heaiing, oiuei of sale oi encumbiance, anu iecoiu of
pioceeuings, shall confoim as neaily as may be to the piovisions conceining the sale
oi encumbiance by guaiuians of the piopeity of minois oi othei waius.


!"#$ ==
)0+*/-+( )(0 2"./+01 +4 8-(+!.
SECTI0N 1. N%.+%=R H peison uesiiing to auopt anothei oi have the custouy of
a minoi shall piesent his petition to the Regional Tiial Couit of the piovince, oi the
city oi municipal couit of the city oi municipality in which he iesiues.
In the City of Nanila, the pioceeuings shall be instituteu in the }uvenile anu
Bomestic Relations Couit.
SEC. 2. 5'.#%.#, '( 3%#"#"'.=RThe petition foi auoption shall contain the same
allegations iequiieu in a petition foi guaiuianship, to wit:
(a) The juiisuictional facts;
(b) The qualifications of the auoptei;
(c) That the auoptei is not uisqualifieu by law;
(u) The name, age, anu iesiuence of the peison to be auopteu anu of
his ielatives oi of the peisons who have him unuei theii caie;
(e) The piobable value anu chaiactei of the estate of the peison to
be auopteu.
2uS
SEC. S. 5'.,%.# #' 08'3#"'.=Theie shall be fileu with the petition a wiitten
consent to the auoption signeu by the chilu, if fouiteen yeais of age oi ovei anu not
incompetent, anu by the chilu's spouse, if any, anu by each of its known living
paients who is not insane oi hopelessly intempeiate oi has not abanuoneu such
chilu, oi if theie aie no such paients by the geneial guaiuian oi guaiuian 08 $"#%9 of
the chilu, oi if the chilu is in the custouy of an oiphan asylum, chiluien's home, oi
benevolent society oi peison, by the piopei officei oi officeis of such asylum, home,
oi society, oi by such peison; but if the chilu is illegitimate anu has not been
iecognizeu, the consent of its fathei to the auoption shall not be iequiieu.
If the peison to be auopteu is of age, only his oi hei consent anu that of the
spouse, if any, shall be iequiieu.
SEC. 4. :28%2 ('2 )%02".6=If the petition anu consent fileu aie sufficient in
foim anu substance, the couit, by an oiuei ieciting the puipose of the petition, shall
fix a uate anu place foi the heaiing theieof, which uate shall not be moie than six (6)
months aftei the entiy of the oiuei, anu shall uiiect that a copy of the oiuei be
publisheu befoie the heaiing at least once a week foi thiee (S) successive weeks in
some newspapei of geneial ciiculation publisheu in the piovince, as the couit shall
ueem best.
SEC. S. S%02".6 0.8 B+869%.#=0pon satisfactoiy pioof in open couit on the
uate fixeu in the oiuei that such oiuei has been publisheu as uiiecteu, that the
allegations of the petition aie tiue, anu that it is a piopei case foi auoption anu the
petitionei oi petitioneis aie able to biing up anu euucate the chilu piopeily, the
couit shall aujuuge that thencefoith the chilu is fieeu fiom all legal obligations of
obeuience anu maintenance with iespect to its natuial paients, except the mothei
when the chilu is auopteu by hei husbanu, anu is, to all legal intents anu puiposes,
the chilu of the petitionei oi petitioneis, anu that its suiname is changeu to that of
the petitionei oi petitioneis. The auopteu peison oi chilu shall theieupon become
the legal heii of his paients by auoption anu shall also iemain the legal heii of his
natuial paients. In case of the ueath of the auopteu peison oi chilu, his paients anu
ielatives by natuie, anu not by auoption, shall be his legal heiis.
SEC. 6. D2'1%%8".6, 0, #' 1)"$8 /)',% 302%.#, 02% ,%3020#%8= H33%0$=When
husbanu anu wife aie uivoiceu oi living sepaiately anu apait fiom each othei, anu
the question as to the caie, custouy, anu contiol of a chilu oi chiluien of theii
maiiiage is biought befoie a Regional Tiial Couit by petition oi as an inciuent to
any othei pioceeuing, the couit, upon heaiing the testimony as may be peitinent,
shall awaiu the caie, custouy, anu contiol of each such chilu as will be foi its best
inteiest, peimitting the chilu to choose which paient it piefeis to live with it be ovei
2u4
ten yeais of age, unless the paient so chosen be unfit to take chaige of the chilu by
ieason of moial uepiavity, habitual uiunkenness, incapacity, oi poveity. If, upon
such heaiing, it appeais that both paients aie impiopei peisons to have the caie,
custouy, anu contiol of the chilu, the couit may eithei uesignate the pateinal oi
mateinal gianupaient of the chilu, oi his oluest biothei oi sistei, oi some ieputable
anu uiscieet peison to take chaige of such chilu, oi commit it to any suitable asylum,
chiluien's home, oi benevolent society. The couit may in confoimity with the
piovisions of the Civil Coue oiuei eithei oi both paients to suppoit oi help suppoit
saiu chilu, iiiespective of who may be its custouian, anu may make any oiuei that is
just anu ieasonable peimitting the paient who is uepiiveu of its caie anu custouy to
visit the chilu oi have tempoiaiy custouy theieof. Eithei paient may appeal fiom an
oiuei maue in accoiuance with the piovisions of this section. No chilu unuei seven
yeais of age shall be sepaiateu fiom its mothei, unless the couit finus theie aie
compelling ieasons theiefoi.
SEC. 7. D2'1%%8".6, 0, #' 70620.# '2 04+,%8 1)"$8=When the paients of any
minoi chilu aie ueau, oi by ieason of long absence oi legal oi physical uisability
have abanuoneu it, oi cannot suppoit it thiough vagiancy, negligence, oi
misconuuct, oi neglect oi iefuse to suppoit it, oi tieat it with excessive haishness oi
give it coiiupting oiueis, counsels, oi examples, oi cause oi allow it to engage in
begging, oi to Commit offenses against the law, the piopei Regional Tiial Couit,
upon petition fileu by some ieputable iesiuent of the piovince setting foith the facts,
may issue an oiuei iequiiing such paients foi show cause, oi, if the paients aie
ueau oi cannot be founu, iequiiing the fiscal of the piovince to show cause, at a time
anu place fixeu in the oiuei, why the chilu shoulu not be taken fiom its paients, if
living; anu if upon the heaiing it appeais that the allegations of the petition aie tiue,
anu that it is foi the best inteiest of the chilu, the couit may make an oiuei taking it
fiom its paients, if living; anu committing it to any suitable oiphan asylum,
chiluien's home, oi benevolent society oi peison to be ultimately placeu, by
auoption oi otheiwise, in a home founu foi it by such asylum, chiluien's home,
society, oi peison.
SEC. 8. >%27"1% '( B+869%.#=Final oiueis oi juugments unuei this iule shall be
seiveu by the cleik upon the civil iegistiai of the city oi municipality wheiein the
couit issuing the same is situateu.

!"#$ &>>
2uS
!$.2-..-+( )(0 !$,+2)/-+( +4 )0+*/-+(
SECTI0N 1. C)' 90; ("$% 3%#"#"'.? 62'+.8,=A minoi oi othei incapacitateu
peison may, thiough a guaiuian oi guaiuian 08 $"#%9< petition foi the iescission oi
ievocation of his oi hei auoption foi the same causes that authoiize the uepiivation
of paiental authoiity.
The auoptei may, likewise petition the couit foi the iescission oi ievocation of
the auoption in any of these cases:
(a) If the auopteu peison has attempteu against the life of the
auoptei;
(b) When the auopteu minoi has abanuoneu the home of the auoptei
foi moie than thiee (S) yeais;
(c) When by othei acts the auopteu peison has iepuuiateu the
auoption.
SEC. 2. :28%2 #' 0.,/%2=The couit in which the petition is fileu shall issue anu
oiuei iequiiing the auveise paity to answei the petition within fifteen (1S) uays
fiom ieceipt of a copy theieof. The oiuei anu a copy of the petition shall be seiveu
on the auveise paity in such mannei as the couit may uiiect.
SEC. S. @+869%.#=If upon tiial, on the uay set theiefoi, the couit finus that the
allegations of the petition aie tiue, it shall ienuei juugment oiueiing the iescission
oi ievocation of the auoption, with oi without costs, as justice iequiies.
SEC. 4. >%27"1% '( B+869%.#=A ceitifieu copy of the juug-ment ienueieu in
accoiuance with the next pieceuing section shall be seiveu upon the civil iegistiai
conceineu; within thiity (Su) uays fiom ienuition theieof, who shall foithwith entei
the action taken by the couit in the iegistei.
SEC. S. !"9% /"#)". /)"1) #' ("$% 3%#"#"'.=A minoi oi othei incapacitateu
peison must file the petition foi iescission oi ievocation of auoption within the five
(S) yeais following his majoiity, oi if he was incompetent at the time of the
auoption, within the five (S) yeais following the iecoveiy fiom such incompetency.
The auoptei must also file the petition to set asiue the auoption within five (S)
yeais fiom the time the cause oi causes giving iise to the iescission oi ievocation of
the same took place.

2u6
!"#$ &>&
*!+2$$0-('. 4+! @+.*-/)#-R)/-+( +4 -(.)($ *$!.+(.
SECTI0N 1. N%.+%= D%#"#"'. ('2 1'99"#9%.#=A petition foi the commitment of
a peison to a hospital oi othei place foi the insane may be fileu with the Regional
Tiial Couit of the piovince wheie the peison allegeu to be insane is founu. The
petition shall be fileu by the Biiectoi of Bealth in all cases wheie, in his opinion,
such commitment is foi the public welfaie, oi foi the welfaie of saiu peison who, in
his juugment, is insane, anu such peison oi the one having chaige of him is opposeu
to his being taken to a hospital oi othei place foi the insane.
SEC. 2. :28%2 ('2 )%02".6=If the petition fileu is sufficient in foim anu
substance, the couit, by an oiuei ieciting the puipose of the petition, shall fix a uate
foi the heaiing theieof, anu copy of such oiuei shall be seiveu on the peison allegeu
to be insane, anu to the one having chaige of him, oi on such of his ielatives iesiuing
in the piovince oi city as the juuge may ueem piopei. The couit shall fuitheimoie
oiuei the sheiiff to piouuce the allegeu insane peison, if possible, on the uate of the
heaiing.
SEC. S. S%02".6 0.8 B+869%.#=0pon satisfactoiy pioof, in open couit on the
uate fixeu in the oiuei, that the commitment applieu foi is foi the public welfaie oi
foi the welfaie of the insane peison, anu that his ielatives aie unable foi any ieason
to take piopei custouy anu caie of him, the couit shall oiuei his commitment to
such hospital oi othei place foi the insane as may be iecommenueu by the Biiectoi
of Bealth. The couit shall make piopei piovisions foi the custouy of piopeity oi
money belonging to the insane until a guaiuian be piopeily appointeu.
SEC. 4. K",1)026% '( ".,0.%=When, in the opinion of the Biiectoi of Bealth, the
peison oiueieu to be committeu to a hospital oi othei place foi the insane is
tempoiaiily oi peimanently cuieu, oi may be ieleaseu without uangei he may file
the piopei petition with the Regional Tiial Couit which oiueieu the commit-ment.
SEC. S. H,,",#0.1% '( (",10$ ". #)% 32'1%%8".6=It shall be the uuty of the
piovincial fiscal oi in the City of Nanila the fiscal of the city, to piepaie the petition
foi the Biiectoi of Bealth anu iepiesent him in couit in all pioceeuings aiising
unuei the piovisions of this iule.

2u7
!"#$ &>3
@)A$). 2+!*".
SECTI0N 1. !' /)0# )04%0, 1'23+, %L#%.8,=Except as otheiwise expiessly
pioviueu by law, the wiit of )04%0, 1'23+, shall extenu to all cases of illegal
confinement oi uetention by which any peison is uepiiveu of his libeity, oi by which
the iightful custouy of any peison is withhelu fiom the peison entitleu theieto.
SEC. 2. C)' 90; 620.# #)% /2"#=The wiit of )04%0, 1'23+, may be gianteu by
the Supieme Couit, oi any membei theieof, on any uay anu at any time, oi by the
Couit of Appeals oi any membei theieof in the instances authoiizeu by law, anu if so
gianteu it shall be enfoiceable anywheie in the Philippines; anu may be maue
ietuinable befoie the couit oi any membei theieof, oi befoie a Regional Tiial Couit,
oi any juuge theieof foi heaiing anu uecision on the meiits. It may also be gianteu
by a Regional Tiial Couit, oi a juuge theieof, on any uay anu at any time, anu
ietuinable befoie himself, enfoiceable only within his juuicial uistiict.
SEC. S. *%V+","#%, '( 033$"10#"'. #)%2%('2=Application foi the wiit shall be by
petition signeu anu veiifieu eithei by the paity foi whose ielief it is intenueu, oi by
some peison on his behalf, anu shall set foith:
(a) That the peison in whose behalf the application is maue is
impiisoneu oi iestiaineu of his libeity;
(b) The officei oi name of the peison by whom he is so impiisoneu oi
iestiaineu; oi, if both aie unknown oi unceitain, such officei oi peison may be
uesciibeu by an assumeu appellation, anu the peison who is seiveu with the
wiit shall be ueemeu the peison intenueu;
(c) The place wheie he is so impiisoneu oi iestiaineu, if known;
(u) A copy of the commitment oi cause of uetention of such peison, if
it can be piocuieu without impaiiing the efficiency of the iemeuy; oi, if the
impiisonment oi iestiaint is without any legal authoiity, such fact shall
appeai.
SEC. 4. C)%. /2"# .'# 0$$'/%8 '2 8",1)026% 0+#)'2"U%8=If it appeais that the
peison allegeu to be iestiaineu of his libeity is in the custouy of an officei unuei
piocess issueu by a couit oi juuge oi by viitue of a juugment oi oiuei of a couit of
iecoiu, anu that the couit oi juuge hau juiisuiction to issue the piocess, ienuei the
2u8
juugment, oi make the oiuei, the wiit shall not be alloweu; oi if the juiisuiction
appeais aftei the wiit is alloweu, the peison shall not be uischaigeu by ieason of
any infoimality oi uefect in the piocess, juugment, oi oiuei. Noi shall anything in
this iule be helu to authoiize the uischaige of a peison chaigeu with oi convicteu of
an offense in the Philippines, oi of a peison suffeiing impiisonment unuei lawful
juugment.
SEC. S. C)%. #)% /2"# 9+,# 4% 620.#%8 0.8 ",,+%8=RA couit oi juuge authoiizeu
to giant the wiit must, when a petition theiefoi is piesenteu anu it appeais that the
wiit ought to issue, giant the same foithwith, anu immeuiately theieupon the cleik
of the couit shall issue the wiit unuei the seal of the couit; oi in case of emeigency,
the juuge may issue the wiit unuei his own hanu, anu may uepute any officei oi
peison to seive it.
SEC. 6. To /)'9 /2"# 8"2%1#%8< 0.8 /)0# #' 2%V+"2%=In case of impiisonment
oi iestiaint by an officei, the wiit shall be uiiecteu to him, anu shall commanu him
to have the bouy of the peison iestiaineu of his libeity befoie the couit oi juuge
uesignateu in the wiit at the time anu place theiein specifieu. In case of
impiisonment oi iestiaint by a peison not an officei, the wiit shall be uiiecteu to an
officei, anu shall commanu him to take anu have the bouy of the peison iestiaineu
of his libeity befoie the couit oi juuge uesignateu in the wiit at the time anu place
theiein specifieu, anu to summon the peison by whom he is iestiaineu then anu
theie to appeai befoie saiu couit oi juuge to show the cause of the impiisonment oi
iestiaint.
SEC. 7. S'/ 32",'.%2 8%,"6.0#%8 0.8 /2"# ,%27%8=The peison to be piouuceu
shoulu be uesignateu in the wiit by his name, if known, but if his name is not known
he may be otheiwise uesciibeu oi iuentifieu. The wiit may be seiveu in any
piovince by the sheiiff oi othei piopei officei, oi by a peison ueputeu by the couit
oi juuge. Seivice of the wiit shall be maue by leaving the oiiginal with the peison to
whom it is uiiecteu anu pieseiving a copy on which to make ietuin of seivice. If that
peison cannot be founu, oi has not the piisonei in his custouy, then the seivice shall
be maue on any othei peison having oi exeicising such custouy.
SEC. 8. S'/ /2"# %L%1+#%8 0.8 2%#+2.%8=The officei to whom the wiit is
uiiecteu shall convey the peison so impiisoneu oi iestiaineu, anu nameu in the
wiit, befoie the juuge allowing the wiit, oi, in case of his absence oi uisability,
befoie some othei juuge of the same couit, on the uay specifieu in the wiit, unless,
fiom sickness oi infiimity of the peison uiiecteu to be piouuceu, such peison
cannot, without uangei, be biought befoie the couit oi juuge; anu the officei shall
make uue ietuin of the wiit, togethei with the uay anu the cause of the caption anu
2u9
iestiaint of such peison accoiuing to the commanu theieof.
SEC. 9. K%(%1# '( ('29=No wiit of )04%0, 1'23+, can be uisobeyeu foi uefect of
foim, if it sufficiently appeais theiefiom in whose custouy oi unuei whose iestiaint
the paity impiisoneu oi iestiaineu is helu anu the couit oi juuge befoie whom he is
to be biought.
SEC. 1u 5'.#%.#, '( 2%#+2.=When the peison to be piouuceu is impiisoneu oi
iestiaineu by an officei, the peison who makes the ietuin shall state theiein, anu in
othei cases the peison in whose custouy the piisonei is founu shall state, in wiiting
to the couit oi juuge befoie whom the wiit is ietuinable, plainly anu unequivocably:
(a) Whethei he has oi has not the paity in his custouy oi powei, oi
unuei iestiaint;
(b) If he has the paity in his- custouy oi powei, oi unuei iestiaint,
the authoiity anu the tiue anu whole cause theieof, set foith at laige, with a
copy of the wiit, oiuei, execution, oi othei piocess, if any, upon which the
paity is helu;
(c) If the paity is in his custouy oi powei oi is iestiaineu by him, anu
is not piouuceu, paiticulaily the natuie anu giavity of the sickness oi infiimity
of such paity by ieason of which he cannot, without uangei, be biought befoie
the couit oi juuge;
(u) If he has hau the paity in his custouy oi powei, oi unuei iestiaint,
anu has tiansfeiieu such custouy oi iestiaint to anothei, paiticulaily to whom,
at what time, foi what cause, anu by what authoiity such tiansfei was maue.
SEC. 11. *%#+2. #' 4% ,"6.%8 0.8 ,/'2. #'=The ietuin oi statement shall be
signeu by the peison who makes it; anu shall also be swoin to by him if the piisonei
is not piouuceu, anu in all othei cases unless the ietuin is maue anu signeu by a
swoin public officei in his official capacity.
SEC. 12. S%02".6 '. 2%#+2.= H8B'+2.9%.#,=When the wiit is ietuineu befoie
one juuge, at a time when the couit is in session, he may foithwith aujouin the case
into the couit, theie to be heaiu anu ueteimineu. The couit oi juuge befoie whom
the wiit is ietuineu oi aujouineu must immeuiately pioceeu to heai anu examine
the ietuin, anu such othei matteis as aie piopeily submitteu foi consiueiation,
unless foi goou cause shown the heaiing is aujouineu, in which event the couit oi
juuge shall make such oiuei foi the safekeeping of the peison impiisoneu oi
iestiaineu as the natuie of the case iequiies. If the peison impiisoneu oi iestiaineu
is not piouuceu because of his allegeu sickness oi infiimity, the couit oi juuge must
21u
be satisfieu that it is so giave that such peison cannot be piouuceu without uangei,
befoie pioceeuing to heai anu uispose of the mattei. 0n the heaiing the couit oi
juuge shall uisiegaiu matteis of foim anu technicalities in iespect to any waiiant oi
oiuei of commitment of a couit oi officei authoiizeu to commit by law.
SEC. 1S. C)%. #)% 2%#+2. %7"8%.1%< 0.8 /)%. '.$; 0 3$%0= If it appeais that the
piisonei is in custouy unuei a waiiant of commitment in puisuance of law, the
ietuin shall be consiueieu 32"90 (01"% eviuence of the cause of iestiaint; but if he is
iestiaineu of his libeity by any allegeu piivate authoiity, the ietuin shall be
consiueieu only as a plea of the facts theiein set foith, anu the paity claiming the
custouy must piove such facts.
SEC. 14. C)%. 3%2,'. $0/(+$$; "932",'.%8 2%1'99"##%8< 0.8 /)%. $%# #' 40"$=If
it appeais that the piisonei was lawfully committeu, anu is plainly anu specifically
chaigeu in the waiiant of commitment with an offense punishable by ueath, he shall
not be ieleaseu, uischaigeu, oi baileu. If he is lawfully impiisoneu oi iestiaineu on a
chaige of having committeu an offense not so punishable, he may be iecommitteu to
impiisonment oi aumitteu to bail in the uiscietion of the couit oi juuge. If he be
aumitteu to bail, he shall foithwith file a bonu in such sum as the couit oi juuge
ueems ieasonable, consiueiing the ciicumstances of the piisonei anu the natuie of
the offense chaigeu, conuitioneu foi his appeaiance befoie the couit wheie the
offense is piopeily cognizable to abiue its oiuei oi juugment; anu the couit oi juuge
shall ceitify the pioceeuings, togethei with the bonu, foithwith to the piopei couit.
If such bonu is not so fileu, the piisonei shall be iecommitteu to confinement.
SEC. 1S. C)%. 32",'.%2 8",1)026%8 "( .' 033%0$=When the couit oi juuge has
examineu into the cause of caption anu iestiaint of the piisonei, anu is satisfieu that
he is unlawfully impiisoneu oi iestiaineu, he shall foithwith oiuei his uischaige
fiom confine-ment, but such uischaige shall not be effective until a copy of the oiuei
has been seiveu on the officei oi peison uetaining the piisonei. If the officei oi
peison uetaining the piisonei uoes not uesiie to appeal, the piisonei shall be
foithwith ieleaseu.
SEC. 16. D%.0$#; ('2 2%(+,".6 #' ",,+% /2"#< '2 ('2 8",'4%;".6 #)% ,09%=A cleik
of a couit who iefuses to issue the wiit aftei allowance theieof anu uemanu
theiefoi, oi a peison to whom a wiit is uiiecteu, who neglects oi iefuses to obey oi
make ietuin of the same accoiuing to the commanu theieof, oi makes false ietuin
theieof, oi who, upon uemanu maue by oi on behalf of the piisonei, iefuses to
uelivei to the peison uemanuing, within six (6) houis aftei the uemanu theiefoi, a
tiue copy of the waiiant oi oiuei of commitment, shall foifeit to the paity aggiieveu
the sum of one thousanu pesos, to be iecoveieu in a piopei action, anu may also be
211
punisheu by the couit oi juuge as foi contempt.
SEC. 17. D%2,'. 8",1)026%8 .'# #' 4% 060". "932",'.%8=A peison who is set at
libeity upon a wiit of )04%0, 1'23+, shall not be again impiisoneu foi the same
offense unless by the lawful oiuei oi piocess of a couit having juiisuiction of the
cause oi offense; anu a peison who knowingly, contiaiy to the piovisions of this
iule, iecommits oi impiisons, oi causes to be committeu oi impiisoneu, foi the
same offense, oi pietenueu offense, any peison so set at libeity, oi knowingly aius
oi assists theiein, shall foifeit to the paity aggiieveu the sum of one thousanu pesos,
to be iecoveieu in a piopei action, notwithstanuing any coloiable pietense oi
vaiiation in the waiiant of commitment, anu may also be punisheu by the couit oi
juuge gianting the wiit as foi contempt.
SEC. 18. C)%. 32",'.%2 90; 4% 2%9'7%8 (2'9 '.% 1+,#'8; #' 0.'#)%2=A
peison committeu to piison, oi in custouy of an officei, foi any ciiminal mattei, shall
not be iemoveu theiefiom into the custouy of anothei officei unless by legal
piocess, oi the piisonei be ueliveieu to an infeiioi officei to caiiy to jail oi by oiuei
of the piopei couit oi juuge, be iemoveu fiom one place to anothei within the
Philippines foi tiial, oi in case of fiie, epiuemic, insuiiection, oi othei necessity oi
public calamity; anu a peison who, aftei such commitment, makes, signs, oi
counteisigns any oiuei foi such iemoval contiaiy to this section, shall foifeit to the
paity aggiieveu the sum of one thousanu pesos, to be iecoveieu in a piopei action.
SEC. 19. *%1'28 '( /2"#< (%%, 0.8 1',#,=The pioceeuings upon a wiit of )04%0,
1'23+, shall be iecoiueu by the cleik of the couit, anu upon the final uisposition of
such pioceeuings the couit oi juuge shall make such oiuei as to costs as the case
iequiies. The fees of officeis anu witnesses shall be incluueu in the costs taxeu, but
no officei oi peison shall have the iight to uemanu payment in auvance of any fees
to which he is entitleu by viitue of the pioceeuings. When a peison confineu unuei
coloi of pioceeuings in a ciiminal case is uischaigeu, the costs shall be taxeu against
the Republic of the Philippines, anu paiu out of its Tieasuiy; when a peison in
custouy by viitue oi unuei coloi of pioceeuings in a civil case is uischaigeu, the
costs shall be taxeu against him, oi against the peison who signeu the application
foi the wiit, oi both, as the couit shall uiiect.

!"#$ &>5
212
2@)('$ +4 ()8$
SECTI0N 1. N%.+%=A peison uesiiing to change his name shall piesent the
petition to the Regional Tiial Couit of the piovince in which he iesiues, oi, in the
City of Nanila, to the }uvenile anu Bomestic Relations Couitj.
SEC. 2. 5'.#%.#, '( 3%#"#"'.=A petition foi change of name shall be signeu anu
veiifieu by the peison uesiiing his nameu changeu, oi some othei peison on his
behalf, anu shall set foith:
(a) That the petitionei has been a 4'.0 ("8% iesiuent of the piovince
wheie the petition is fileu foi at least thiee (S) yeais piioi to the uate of such
filing;
(b) The cause foi which the change of the petitionei's name is
sought;
(c) The name askeu foi.
SEC. S. :28%2 ('2 )%02".6=If the petition fileu is sufficient in foim anu
substance, the couit, by an oiuei ieciting the puipose of the petition, shall fix a uate
anu place foi the heaiing theieof, anu shall uiiect that a copy of the oiuei be
publisheu befoie the heaiing at least once a week foi thiee (S) successive weeks in
some newspapei of geneial ciiculation publisheu in the piovince, as the couit shall
ueem best. The uate set foi the heaiing shall not be within thiity (Su) uays piioi to
an election noi within foui (4) months aftei the last publication of the notice.
SEC. 4. S%02".6=Any inteiesteu peison may appeai at the heaiing anu oppose
the petition. The Solicitoi ueneial oi the piopei piovincial oi city fiscal shall appeai
on behalf of the uoveinment of the Republic.
SEC. S. @+869%.#=R0pon satisfactoiy pioof in open couit on the uate fixeu in
the oiuei that such oiuei has been publisheu as uiiecteu anu that the allegations of
the petition aie tiue, the couit shall, if piopei anu ieasonable cause appeais foi
changing the name of the petitionei, aujuuge that such name by changeu in
accoiuance with the piayei of the petition.
SEC. 6. >%27"1% '( B+869%.#=}uugments oi oiueis ienueieu in connection with
this iule shall be fuinisheu the civil iegistiai of the municipality oi city wheie the
couit issuing the same is situateu, who shall foithwith entei the same in the civil
iegistei.

21S
!"#$ &>6
,+#"(/)!1 0-..+#"/-+( +4 2+!*+!)/-+(.
SECTI0N 1. C)%2%< 4; /)'9 0.8 '. /)0# ,)'/".6 033$"10#"'. 908%=A
petition foi uissolution of a coipoiation shall be fileu in the Regional Tiial Couit of
the piovince wheie the piincipal office of a coipoiation is situateu. The petition
shall be signeu by a majoiity of its boaiu of uiiectois oi othei officeis having the
management of its affaiis, veiifieu by its piesiuent oi secietaiy oi one of its
uiiectois, anu shall set foith all claims anu uemanus against it, anu that its
uissolution was iesolveu upon by a majoiity of the membeis, oi, if a stock
coipoiation, by the affiimative vote of the stockholueis holuing anu iepiesenting
two-thiius of all shaies of stock issueu oi subsciibeu, at a meeting of its membeis oi
stockholueis calleu foi that puipose.
SEC. 2. :28%2 #)%2%+3'. ('2 ("$".6 '4B%1#"'.,=RIf the petition is sufficient in
foim anu ,+4,#0.1% the couit, by an oiuei ieciting the puipose of the petition, shall
fix a uate on oi befoie which objections theieto may be fileu by any peison, which
uate shall not be less than thiity (Su) noi moie than sixty (6u) uays aftei the entiy
of the oiuei. Befoie such uate a copy of the oiuei shall be publisheu at least once a
week foi foui (4) successive weeks in some newspapei of geneial ciiculation
publisheu in the municipality oi city wheie the piincipal office of the coipoiation is
situateu, oi, if theie be no such newspapei, then in some newspapei of geneial
ciiculation in the Philippines, anu a similai copy shall be posteu foi foui (4) weeks
in thiee public places in such municipality oi city.
SEC. S. S%02".6< 8",,'$+#"'.< 0.8 8",3',"#"'. '( 0,,%#,= *%1%"7%2=0pon five (S)
uays notice given aftei the uate on which the iight to file objections as fixeu in the
oiuei expiieu, the couit shall pioceeu to heai the petition anu tiy any issue maue by
objections fileu; anu if no such objection is sufficient, anu the mateiial allegations of
the petition aie tiue, it shall ienuei juugment uissolving the coipoiations anu
uiiecting such uisposition of its assets as justice iequiies, anu may appoint a
ieceivei to collect such assets anu pay the uebts of the coipoiation.
SEC. 4. C)0# ,)0$$ 1'.,#"#+#% 2%1'28=The petition, oiueis, pioof of publication
anu posting, objections fileu, ueclaiation of uissolution, anu any eviuence taken,
shall constitute the iecoiu in the case.

214

!"#$ &>7
D"0-2-)# )**!+,)# +4 ,+#"(/)!1 !$2+'(-/-+( +4 8-(+! ()/"!)#
2@-#0!$(
SECTI0N 1. N%.+%=Wheie juuicial appioval of a voluntaiy iecognition of a
minoi natuial chilu is iequiieu, such chilu oi his paients shall obtain the same by
filing a petition to that effect with the Regional Tiial Couit of the piovince in which
the chilu iesiues. |In the City of Nanila, the petition shall be fileu in the }uvenile anu
Bomestic Relations Couitj.
SEC. 2. 5'.#%.#, '( 3%#"#"'.= The petition foi juuicial appioval of a voluntaiy
iecognition of a minoi natuial chilu shall contain the following allegations:
(a) The juiisuictional facts;
(b) The names anu iesiuences of the paients who acknowl-eugeu the
chilu, oi of eithei of them, anu theii compulsoiy heiis, anu the peison oi
peisons with whom the chilu lives;
(c) The fact that the iecognition maue by the paient oi paients took
place in a statement befoie a couit of iecoiu oi in an authentic wiiting, copy of
the statement oi wiiting being attacheu to the petition.
SEC. S. :28%2 ('2 )%02".6=0pon the filing of the petition, the couit, by an
oiuei ieciting the puipose of the same, shall fix the uate anu place foi the heaiing
theieof, which uate shall not be moie than six (6) months aftei the entiy of the
oiuei, anu shall, moieovei, cause a copy of the oiuei to be seiveu peisonally oi by
mail upon the inteiesteu paities, anu publisheu once a week foi thiee (S)
consecutive weeks, in a newspapei oi newspapeis of geneial ciiculation in the
piovince.
SEC. 4. :33',"#"'.= Any inteiesteu paity must, within fifteen (1S) uays fiom
seivice, oi fiom the last uate of publication, of the oiuei iefeiieu to in the next
pieceuing section, file his opposition to the petition, stating the giounus oi ieasons
theiefoi.
SEC. S. @+869%.#=If, fiom the eviuence piesenteu uuiing the heaiing, the
couit is satisfieu that the iecognition of the minoi natuial chilu was willingly anu
voluntaiily maue by the paient oi paients conceineu, anu that the iecognition is foi
21S
the best inteiest of the chilu, it shall ienuei juugment gianting juuicial appioval of
such iecognition.
SEC. 6. >%27"1% '( B+869%.# +3'. 1"7"$ 2%6",#202=A copy of the juugment
ienueieu in accoiuance with the pieceuing section shall be seiveu upon the civil
iegistiai whose uuty it shall be to entei the same in the iegistei.

!"#$ &>9
2+(./-/"/-+( +4 4)8-#1 @+8$
SECTI0N 1. C)' 90; 1'.,#"#+#%=R!)% heau of a family owning a house anu the
lanu on which it is situateu may constitute the same into a family home by filing a
veiifieu petition to that effect with the Regional Tiial Couit of the piovince oi city
wheie the piopeity is locateu. |In the City of Nanila, the petition shall be fileu in the
}uvenile anu Bomestic Relations Couitj.
When theie is uangei that a peison obligeu to give suppoit may lose his oi hei
foitune because of giave mismanagement oi on account of iiotous living, his oi hei
spouse, if any, anu a majoiity of those entitleu to be suppoiteu by him oi by hei may
petition the Regional Tiial Couit foi the cieation of the family home.
SEC. 2. 5'.#%.#, '( 3%#"#"'.=The petition shall contain the following
paiticulais:
(a) Besciiption of the piopeity;
(b) An estimate of its actual value;
(c) A statement that the petitionei is actually iesiuing in the
piemises;
(u) The encumbiances theieon;
(e) The names anu auuiesses of all the cieuitois of the petitionei oi
heau of the family anu of all moitgagees anu othei peisons who have an
inteiest in the piopeity;
(f) The names of all the beneficiaiies of the family home.
216
SEC. S. E'#"1% 0.8 3+4$"10#"'.=The couit shall notify the cieuitois,
moitgagees anu all othei peisons who have an inteiest in the estate, of the filing of
the petition, causing copies theieof to be seiveu upon them, anu publisheu once a
week foi thiee (S) consecutive weeks in a newspapei of geneial ciiculation. The
petition shall, moieovei, be causeu to be posteu in a conspicuous place in the paicel
of lanu mentioneu theiein, anu also in a conspicuous place of the municipal builuing
of the municipality oi city in which the lanu is situateu, foi at least fouiteen (14)
uays piioi to the uay of the heaiing.
SEC. 4. :4B%1#"'. 0.8 80#% '( )%02".6=In the notice anu publication iequiieu
in the pieceuing section, the couit shall iequiie the inteiesteu paities to file theii
objection to the petition within a peiiou of not less than thiity (Su) uays fiom
ieceipt of notice oi fiom the uate of last publication, anu shall fix the uate anu time
of the heaiing of the petition.
SEC. S. :28%2=Aftei heaiing, if the couit finus that the actual value of the
pioposeu family home uoes not exceeu twenty thousanu pesos, oi thiity thousanu
pesos in chaiteieu cities, anu that no thiiu peison is piejuuiceu theieby, oi that
cieuitois have been given sufficient secuiity foi theii cieuits, the petition shall be
appioveu.
SEC. 6. *%6",#20#"'. '( '28%2=A ceitifieu copy of the oiuei of the couit
appioving the establishment of the family home shall be fuinisheu the iegistei of
ueeus who shall iecoiu the same in the iegistiy of piopeity.

!"#$ &>;
)A.$(/$$.
SECTI0N 1. H33'".#9%.# '( 2%32%,%.#0#"7%=When a peison uisappeais fiom
his uomicile, his wheieabouts being unknown, anu without having left an agent to
auministei his piopeity, oi the powei confeiieu upon the agent has expiieu, any
inteiesteu paity, ielative oi fiienu, may petition the Regional Tiial Couit of the place
wheie the absentee iesiueu befoie his uisappeaiance, foi the appointment of a
peison to iepiesent him piovisionally in all that may be necessaiy. |In the City of
Nanila, the petition shall be fileu in the }uvenile anu Bomestic Relations Couit.j
217
SEC. 2. K%1$020#"'. '( 04,%.1%? /)' 90; 3%#"#"'.=RAftei the lapse of two (2)
yeais fiom his uisappeaiance anu without any news about the absentee oi since the
ieceipt of the last news, oi of five (S) yeais in case the absentee has left a peison in
chaige of the auministiation of his piopeity, the ueclaiation of his absence anu
appointment of a tiustee oi auministiatoi may be applieu foi by any of the
following:
(a) The spouse piesent;
(b) The heiis instituteu in a will, who may piesent an authentic copy
of the same;
(c) The ielatives who woulu succeeu by the law of intestacy; anu
(u) Those who have ovei the piopeity of the absentee some iight
suboiuinateu to the conuition of his ueath.
SEC. S. 5'.#%.#, '( 3%#"#"'.=The petition foi the appoint-ment of a
iepiesentative, oi foi the ueclaiation of absence anu the appointment of a tiustee oi
an auministiatoi, must show the following:
(a) The juiisuictional facts;
(b) The names, ages, anu iesiuences of the heiis instituteu in the will,
copy of which shall be piesenteu, anu of the ielatives who woulu succeeu by
the law of intestacy;
(c) The names anu iesiuences of cieuitois anu otheis who may have
any auveise inteiest ovei the piopeity of the absentee;
(u) The piobable value, location anu chaiactei of the piopeity
belonging to the absentee.
SEC. 4. !"9% '( )%02".6? .'#"1% 0.8 3+4$"10#"'. #)%2%'(=RWhen a petition foi
the appointment of a iepiesentative, oi foi the ueclaiation of absence anu the
appointment of a tiustee oi auministiatoi, is fileu, the couit shall fix a uate anu
place foi the heaiing theieof wheie all .conceineu may appeai to contest the
petition.
Copies of the notice of the time anu place fixeu foi the heaiing shall be seiveu
upon the known heiis, legatees, uevisees, cieuitois anu othei inteiesteu peisons, at
least ten (1u) uays befoie the uay of the heaiing, anu shall be publisheu once a week
foi thiee (S) consecutive weeks piioi to the time uesignateu foi the heaiing, in a
newspapei of geneial ciiculation in the piovince oi city wheie absentee iesiues, as
the couit shall ueem best.
218
SEC. S. 0pposition.Anyone appeaiing to contest the petition shall state in
wiiting his giounus theiefoi, anu seive a copy theieof on the petitionei anu othei
inteiesteu paities on oi befoie the uate uesignateu foi the heaiing.
SEC, 6. D2''( 0# )%02".6? '28%2=At the heaiing, compliance with the
piovisions of section 4 of this iule must fiist be shown. 0pon satisfactoiy pioof of
the allegations in the petition, the couit shall issue an oiuei gianting the same anu
appointing the iepiesentative, tiustee oi auministiatoi foi the absentee. The juuge
shall take the necessaiy measuies to safeguaiu the iights anu inteiests of the
absentee anu shall specify the poweis, obligations anu iemuneiation of his
iepiesentative, tiustee oi auministiatoi, iegulating them by the iules conceining
guaiuians.
In case of ueclaiation of absence, the same shall not take effect until six (6)
months aftei its publication in a newspapei of geneial ciiculation uesignateu by the
couit anu the 0fficial uazette.
SEC. 7. C)' 90; 4% 033'".#%8= In the appointment of a iepiesentative, the
spouse piesent shall be piefeiieu when theie is no legal sepaiation. If the absentee
left no spouse, oi if the spouse piesent is a minoi oi otheiwise incompetent, any
competent peison may be appointeu by the couit. In case of ueclaiation of absence,
the tiustee oi auministiatoi of the absentee's piopeity shall be appointeu in
accoiuance with the pieceuing paiagiaph.
SEC. 8. !%29".0#"'. '( 089".",#20#"'.=The tiusteeship oi auministiation of
the piopeity of the absentee shall cease upon oiuei of the couit in any of the
following cases:
(a) When the absentee appeais peisonally oi by means of an agent;
(b) When the ueath of the absentee is pioveu anu his testate oi
intestate heiis appeai;
(c) When a thiiu peison appeais, showing by a piopei uocument
that he has acquiieu the absentee's piopeity by puichase oi othei title.
In these cases the tiustee oi auministiatoi shall cease in the peifoimance of
his office, anu the piopeity shall be placeu at the uisposal of those who may have a
iight theieto.

219
!"#$ &><
2)(2$##)/-+( +! 2+!!$2/-+( +4 $(/!-$. -( /@$ 2-,-# !$'-./!1
SECTI0N 1. C)' 90; ("$% 3%#"#"'.=Any peison inteiesteu in any act, event,
oiuei oi ueciee conceining the civil status of peisons which has been iecoiueu in
the civil iegistei, may file a veiifieu petition foi the cancellation oi coiiection of any
entiy ielating theieto, with the Regional Tiial Couit of the piovince wheie the
coiiesponuing civil iegistiy is locateu.
SEC. 2. Entiies subject to cancellation oi coiiection.0pon goou anu valiu
giounus, the following entiies in the civil iegistei may be cancelleu oi coiiecteu: (a)
biiths; (b) maiiiages; (c) ueaths; (u) legal sepaiations; (e) juugments of annulments
of maiiiage; (f) juugments ueclaiing maiiiages voiu fiom the beginning;
(g) legitimations; (h) auoptions; (i) acknowleugments of natuial chiluien; (j)
natuialization; (k) election, loss oi iecoveiy of citizen-ship; (1) civil inteiuiction;
(m) juuicial ueteimination of filiation; (n) voluntaiy emancipation of a minoi; anu
(o) changes of name.
SEC. S. D02#"%,=When cancellation oi coiiection of an entiy in the civil
iegistei is sought, the civil iegistiai anu all peisons who have oi claim any inteiest
which woulu be affecteu theieby shall be maue paities to the pioceeuing.
SEC. 4. E'#"1% 0.8 3+4$"10#"'.=0pon the filing of the petition, the couit shall,
by an oiuei, fix the time anu place foi the heaiing of the same, anu cause ieasonable
notice theieof to be given to the peisons nameu in the petition. The couit shall also
cause the oiuei to be publisheu once a week foi thiee (S) consecutive weeks in a
newspapei of geneial ciiculation in the piovince.
SEC. S. :33',"#"'.=The civil iegistiai anu any peison having oi claiming any
inteiest unuei the entiy whose cancellation oi coiiection is sought may, within
fifteen (1S) uays fiom notice of the petition, oi fiom the last uate of publication of
such notice, file his opposition theieto.
SEC. 6. JL3%8"#".6 32'1%%8".6,.The couit in which the pioceeuings is biought
may make oiueis expeuiting the pioceeuings, anu may also giant pieliminaiy
injunction foi the pieseiva-tion of the iights of the paities penuing such
pioceeuings.
SEC. 7. :28%2.Aftei heaiing, the couit may eithei uismiss the petition oi issue
an oiuei gianting the cancellation oi coiiection piayeu foi. In eithei case, a ceitifieu
22u
copy of the juugment shall be seiveu upon the civil iegistiai conceineu who shall
annotate the same in his iecoiu.




!"#$ &>=
)**$)#. -( .*$2-)# *!+2$$0-('.
SECTI0N 1. :28%2, '2 B+869%.#, (2'9 /)"1) 033%0$, 90; 4% #0I%.=An
inteiesteu peison may appeal in special pioceeuings fiom an oiuei oi juugment
ienueieu by a Regional Tiial Couit |oi a }uvenile, anu Bomestic Relations Couitj,
wheie such oiuei oi juugment:
(a) Allows oi uisallows a will;
(b) Beteimines who aie the lawful heiis of a ueceaseu peison, oi
the uistiibutive shaie of the estate to which such peison is entitleu;
(c) Allows oi uisallows, in whole oi in pait, any claim against the
estate of a ueceaseu peison, oi any claim piesenteu on behalf of the estate in
offset to a claim against it;
(u) Settles the account of an executoi, auministiatoi, tiustee oi
guaiuian;
(e) Constitutes, ". pioceeuings ielating to the settlement of the
estate of a ueceaseu peison, oi the auministiation of a tiustee oi guaiuian, a
final ueteimination in the lowei couit of the iights of the paity appealing,
except that no appeal shall be alloweu fiom the appointment of a special
auministiatoi; anu
(f) Is the final oiuei oi juugment ienueieu in the case, anu affects the
substantial iights of the peison appealing, unless it be an oiuei gianting oi
uenying a motion foi a new tiial oi foi ieconsiueiation.
SEC. 2. H870.1% 8",#2"4+#"'. ". ,3%1"0$ 32'1%%8".6,=Notwithstanuing a
221
penuing contioveisy oi appeal in pioceeuings to settle the estate of a ueceuent, the
couit may, in its uiscietion anu upon such teims as it may ueem piopei anu just,
peimit that such pait of the estate as may not be affecteu by the contioveisy oi
appeal be uistiibuteu among the heiis oi legatees, upon compliance with the
conuitions set foith in Rule 9u of these iules.


*)!/ ---
2!-8-()# *!+2$0"!$
!"#$ &&>
*!+.$2"/-+( +4 +44$(.$.
SECTI0N 1. -.,#"#+#"'. '( 12"9".0$ 01#"'.,=Ciiminal actions shall be instituteu
as follows:
(a) Foi offenses wheie a pieliminaiy investigation is iequiieu
puisuant to section 1 of Rule 112, by filing the complaint with the piopei
officei foi the puipose of conuucting the iequisite pieliminaiy investigation.
(b) Foi all othei offenses, by filing the complaint oi infoimation
uiiectly with the Nunicipal Tiial Couits anu Nunicipal Ciicuit Tiial Couits, oi
the complaint with the office of the piosecutoi. In Nanila anu othei chaiteieu
cities, the complaint shall be fileu with the office of the piosecutoi unless
otheiwise pioviueu in theii chaiteis.
The institution of the ciiminal action shall inteiiupt the iunning of the peiiou
of piesciiption of the offense chaigeu unless otheiwise pioviueu in special laws,
(1a)
SEC. 2. !)% 1'93$0".# '2 ".('290#"'.=The complaint oi infoimation shall be
in wiiting, in the name of the People of the Philippines anu against all peisons who
appeai to be iesponsible foi the offense involveu. (2a)
222
SEC. S. 5'93$0".# 8%(".%8=A complaint is a swoin wiitten statement chaiging
a peison with an offense, subsciibeu by the offenueu paity, any peace officei, oi
othei public officei chaigeu with the enfoicement of the law violateu. (S)
SEC. 4. -.('290#"'. 8%(".%8=RAn infoimation is an accusa-tion in wiiting
chaiging a peison with an offense, subsciibeu by the piosecutoi anu fileu with the
couit. (4a)
SEC. S. C)' 9+,# 32',%1+#% 12"9".0$ 01#"'.,=All ciiminal actions commenceu
by a complaint oi infoimation shall be piosecuteu unuei the uiiection anu contiol of
the piosecutoi. Bowevei, in Nunicipal Tiial Couits oi Nunicipal Ciicuit Tiial Couits
when the piosecutoi assigneu theieto oi to the case is not available, the offenueu
paity, any peace officei, oi public officei chaigeu with the enfoicement of the law
violateu may piosecute the case. This authoiity shall cease upon actual inteivention
of the piosecutoi oi upon elevation of the case to the Regional Tiial Couit.
The ciimes of auulteiy anu concubinage shall not be piosecuteu except upon a
complaint fileu by the offenueu spouse. The offenueu paity cannot institute ciiminal
piosecution without incluuing the guilty paities, if both aie alive, noi, in any case, if
the offenueu paity has consenteu to the offense oi paiuoneu the offenueis.
The offenses of seuuction, abuuction anu acts of lasciviousness shall not be
piosecuteu except upon a complaint fileu by the offenueu paity oi hei paients,
gianupaients oi guaiuian, noi, in any case, if the offenuei has been expiessly
paiuoneu by any of them. If the offenueu paity uies oi becomes incapacitateu befoie
she can file the complaint, anu she has no known paients, gianupaients oi guaiuian,
the State shall initiate the ciiminal action in hei behalf.
The offenueu paity, even if a minoi, has the iight to initiate the piosecution of
the offenses of seuuction, abuuction anu acts of lasciviousness inuepenuently of hei
paients, gianupaients, oi guaiuian, unless she is incompetent oi incapable of uoing
so. Wheie the offenueu paity, who is a minoi, fails to file the complaint, hei paients,
gianupaients, oi guaiuian may file the same. The iight to file the action gianteu to
paients, gianupaients, oi guaiuian shall be exclusive of all othei peisons anu shall
be exeiciseu successively in the oiuei heiein pioviueu, except as stateu in the
pieceuing paia-giaph.
No ciiminal action foi uefamation which consists in the imputation of any of
the offenses mentioneu above shall be biought except at the instance of anu upon
complaint fileu by the offenueu paity. (Sa)
The piosecution foi violation of special laws shall be goveineu by the
piovisions theieof, (n)
22S
SEC. 6. >+(("1"%.1; '( 1'93$0".# '2 ".('290#"'.=A complaint oi infoimation is
sufficient if it states the name of the accuseu; the uesignation of the offense given by
the statute; the acts oi omissions complaineu of as constituting the offense; the
name of the offenueu paity; the appioximate uate of the commission of the offense;
anu the place wheie the offense was committeu.
When an offense is committeu by moie than one peison, all of them shall be
incluueu in the complaint oi infoimation. (6a)
SEC. 7. E09% '( #)% 011+,%8=The complaint oi infoimation must state the
name anu suiname of the accuseu oi any appellation oi nickname by which he has
been oi is known. If his name cannot be asceitaineu, he must be uesciibeu unuei a
fictitious name with a statement that his tiue name is unknown.
If the tiue name of the accuseu is theieaftei uiscloseu by him oi appeais in
some othei mannei to the couit, such tiue name shall be inseiteu in the complaint
oi infoimation anu iecoiu. (7a)
SEC. 8. K%,"6.0#"'. '( #)% '((%.,%=The complaint oi infoimation shall state
the uesignation of the offense given by the statute, avei the acts oi omissions
constituting the offense, anu specify its qualifying anu aggiavating ciicumstances. If
theie is no uesignation of the offense, iefeience shall be maue to the section oi
subsection of the statute punishing it. (8a)
SEC. 9. 50+,% '( #)% 011+,0#"'.=The acts oi omissions complaineu of as
constituting the offense anu the qualifying anu aggiavating ciicumstances must be
stateu in oiuinaiy anu concise language anu not necessaiily in the language useu in
the statute, but in teims sufficient to enable a peison of common unueistanuing to
know what offense is being chaigeu as well as its qualifying anu aggiavating
ciicumstances anu foi the couit to pionounce juugment. (9a)
SEC. 1u. D$01% '( 1'99",,"'. '( #)% '((%.,%=The complaint oi infoimation is
sufficient if it can be unueistoou fiom its allegations that the offense was committeu
oi some of its essential ingieuients occuiieu at some place within the juiisuiction of
the couit, unless the paiticulai place wheie it was committeu constitutes an
essential element of the offense chaigeu oi is necessaiy foi its iuentification. (1ua)
SEC. 11. K0#% '( 1'99",,"'. '( #)% '((%.,%=It is not necessaiy to state in the
complaint oi infoimation the piecise uate the offense was committeu except when it
is a mateiial ingieuient of the offense. The offense may be allegeu to have been
committeu on a uate as neai as possible to the actual uate of its commission. (11a)
SEC. 12. E09% '( #)% '((%.8%8 302#;=The complaint oi infoimation must state
224
the name anu suiname of the peison against whom oi against whose piopeity the
offense was committeu, oi any appellation oi nickname by which such peison has
been oi is known. If theie is no bettei way of iuentifying him, he must be uesciibeu
unuei a fictitious name.
(a) In offenses against piopeity, if the name of the offenueu paity is
unknown, the piopeity must be uesciibeu with such paiticulaiity as to
piopeily iuentify the offense chaigeu.
(b) If the tiue name of the peison against whom oi against whose
piopeity the offense was committeu is theieaftei uiscloseu oi asceitaineu, the
couit must cause such tiue name to be inseiteu in the complaint oi
infoimation anu the iecoiu.
(c) If the offenueu paity is a juiiuical peison, it is sufficient to state its
name, oi any name oi uesignation by which it is known oi by which it may be
iuentifieu, without neeu of aveiiing that it is a juiiuical peison oi that it is
oiganizeu in accoiuance with law. (12a)
SEC. 1S. K+3$"1"#; '( #)% '((%.,%=A complaint oi infoima-tion must chaige
only one offense, except when the law piesciibes a single punishment foi vaiious
offenses. (1Sa)
SEC. 14. H9%.89%.# '2 ,+4,#"#+#"'.=A complaint oi infoimation may be
amenueu, in foim oi in substance, without leave of couit, at any time befoie the
accuseu enteis his plea. Aftei the plea anu uuiing the tiial, a foimal amenument may
only be maue with leave of couit anu when it can be uone without causing piejuuice
to the iights of the accuseu.
Bowevei, any amenument befoie plea, which uowngiaues the natuie of the
offense chaigeu in oi excluues any accuseu fiom the complaint oi infoimation, can
be maue only upon motion by the piosecutoi, with notice to the offenueu paity anu
with leave of couit. The couit shall state its ieasons in iesolving the motion anu
copies of its oiuei shall be fuinisheu all paities, especially the offenueu paity, (n)
If it appeais at any time befoie juugment that a mistake has been maue in
chaiging the piopei offense, the couit shall uismiss the oiiginal complaint oi
infoimation upon the filing of a new one chaiging the piopei offense in accoiuance
with section 19, Rule 119, pioviueu the accuseu shall not be placeu in uouble
jeopaiuy. The couit may iequiie the witnesses to give bail foi theii appeaiance at
the tiial. (14a)
SEC. 1S. D$01% /)%2% 01#"'. ", #' 4% ".,#"#+#%8=
22S
(a) Subject to existing laws, the ciiminal action shall be instituteu
anu tiieu in the couit of the municipality oi teiiitoiy wheie the offense was
committeu oi wheie any of its essential ingieuients occuiieu.
(b) Wheie an offense is committeu in a tiain, aiiciaft, oi othei public
oi piivate vehicle in the couise of its tiip, the ciiminal action shall be instituteu
anu tiieu in the couit of any municipality oi teiiitoiy wheie such tiain,
aiiciaft, oi othei vehicle passeu uuiing its tiip, incluuing the place of its
uepaituie anu aiiival.
(c) Wheie an offense is committeu on boaiu a vessel in the couise of
its voyage, the ciiminal action shall be instituteu anu tiieu in the couit of the
fiist poit of entiy oi of any municipality oi teiiitoiy wheie the vessel passeu
uuiing such voyage, subject to the geneially accepteu piinciples of
inteinational law.
(u) Ciimes committeu outsiue the Philippines but punish-able unuei
Aiticle 2 of the Reviseu Penal Coue shall be cognizable by the couit wheie the
ciiminal action is fiist fileu. (1Sa)
SEC. 16. -.#%27%.#"'. '( #)% '((%.8%8 302#; ". 12"9".0$ 01#"'.=Wheie the civil
action foi iecoveiy of civil liability is instituteu in the ciiminal action puisuant to
Rule 111, the offenueu paity may inteivene by counsel in the piosecution of the
offense. (16a)


!"#$ &&&
*!+.$2"/-+( +4 2-,-# )2/-+(
SECTI0N 1. -.,#"#+#"'. '( 12"9".0$ 0.8 1"7"$ 01#"'.,=(a) When a ciiminal
action is instituteu, the civil action foi the iecoveiy of civil liability aiising fiom the
offense chaigeu shall be ueemeu instituteu with the ciiminal action unless the
offenueu paity waives the civil action, ieseives the iight to institute it sepaiately oi
institutes the civil action piioi to the ciiminal action.
The ieseivation of the iight to institute sepaiately the civil action shall be
maue befoie the piosecution staits piesenting its eviuence anu unuei
ciicumstances affoiuing the offenueu paity a ieasonable oppoitunity to make such
226
ieseivation.
When the offenueu paity seeks to enfoice civil liability against the accuseu by
way of moial, nominal, tempeiate, oi exemplaiy uamages without specifying the
amount theieof in the complaint oi infoimation, the filing fees theiefoi shall
constitute a fiist lien on the juugment awaiuing such uamages.
Wheie the amount of uamages, othei than actual, is specifieu in the complaint
oi infoimation, the coiiesponuing filing fees shall be paiu by the offenueu paity
upon the filing theieof in couit.
Except as otheiwise pioviueu in these Rules, no filing fees shall be iequiieu foi
actual uamages.
No counteiclaim, cioss-claim oi thiiu-paity complaint may be fileu by the
accuseu in the ciiminal case, but any cause of action which coulu have been the
subject theieof may be litigateu in a sepaiate civil action, (1a)
(b) The ciiminal action foi violation of Batas Pambansa Blg. 22 shall be
ueemeu to incluue the coiiesponuing civil action. No ieseivation to file such civil
action sepaiately shall be alloweu.
0pon filing of the afoiesaiu joint ciiminal anu civil actions, the offenueu paity
shall pay in full the filing fees baseu on the amount of the check involveu, which
shall be consiueieu as the actual uamages claimeu. Wheie the complaint oi
infoimation also seeks to iecovei liquiuateu, moial, nominal, tempeiate oi
exemplaiy uamages, the offenueu paity shall pay auuitional filing fees baseu on the
amounts allegeu theiein. If the amounts aie not so allegeu but any of these uamages
aie subsequently awaiueu by the couit, the filing fees baseu on the amount awaiueu
shall constitute a fiist lien on the juugment.
Wheie the civil action has been fileu sepaiately anu tiial theieof has not yet
commenceu, it may be consoliuateu with the ciiminal action upon application with
the couit tiying the lattei case. If the application is gianteu, the tiial of both actions
shall pioceeu in accoiuance with section 2 of this Rule goveining consoliuation of
the civil anu ciiminal actions. (cii. S7-97)
SEC. 2. C)%. ,%3020#% 1"7"$ 01#"'. ", ,+,3%.8%8=Aftei the ciiminal action has
been commenceu, the sepaiate civil action aiising theiefiom cannot be instituteu
until final juugment has been enteieu in the ciiminal action.
If the ciiminal action is fileu aftei the saiu civil action has alieauy been
instituteu, the lattei shall be suspenueu in whatevei stage it may be founu befoie
juugment on the meiits. The suspension shall last until final juugment is ienueieu in
227
the ciiminal action. Neveitheless, befoie juugment on the meiits is ienueieu in the
civil action, the same may, upon motion of the offenueu paity, be consoliuateu with
the ciiminal action in the couit tiying the ciiminal action. In case of consoliuation,
the eviuence alieauy auuuceu in the civil action shall be ueemeu automatically
iepiouuceu in the ciiminal action without piejuuice to the iight of the piosecution
to cioss-examine the witnesses piesenteu by the offenueu paity in the ciiminal case
anu of the paities to piesent auuitional eviuence. The consoliuateu ciiminal anu civil
actions shall be tiieu anu ueciueu jointly.
Buiing the penuency of the ciiminal action, the iunning of the peiiou of
piesciiption of the civil action which cannot be instituteu sepaiately oi whose
pioceeuing has been suspenueu shall be tolleu, (n)
The extinction of the penal action uoes not caiiy with it extinction of the civil
action. Bowevei, the civil action baseu on uelict shall be ueemeu extinguisheu if
theie is a finuing in a final juugment in the ciiminal action that the act oi omission
fiom which the civil liability may aiise uiu not exist. (2a)
SEC. S. C)%. 1"7"$ 01#"'. 90; 32'1%%8 ".8%3%.8%.#$;=In the cases pioviueu in
Aiticles S2, SS, S4 anu 2176 of the Civil Coue of the Philippines, the inuepenuent
civil action may be biought by the offenueu paity. It shall pioceeu inuepenuently of
the ciiminal action anu shall iequiie only a pieponueiance of eviuence. In no case,
howevei, may the offenueu paity iecovei uamages twice foi the same act oi
omission chaigeu in the ciiminal action. (Sa)
SEC. 4. J((%1# '( 8%0#) '. 1"7"$ 01#"'.,=RThe ueath of the accuseu aftei
aiiaignment anu uuiing the penuency of the ciiminal action shall extinguish the civil
liability aiising fiom the uelict.
Bowevei, the inuepenuent civil action instituteu unuei section S of this Rule oi
which theieaftei is instituteu to enfoice liability aiising fiom othei souices of
obligation may be continueu against the estate oi legal iepiesentative of the accuseu
aftei piopei substitution oi against saiu estate, as the case may be. The heiis of the
accuseu may be substituteu foi the ueceaseu without iequiiing the appointment of
an executoi oi auministiatoi anu the couit may appoint a guaiuian 08 $"#%9 foi the
minoi heiis.
The couit shall foithwith oiuei saiu legal iepiesentative oi iepiesentatives to
appeai anu be substituteu within a peiiou of thiity (Su) uays fiom notice.
A final juugment enteieu in favoi of the offenueu paity shall be enfoiceu in the
mannei especially pioviueu in these iules foi piosecuting claims against the estate
of the ueceaseu.
228
If the accuseu uies befoie aiiaignment, the case shall be uismisseu without
piejuuice to any civil action the offenueu paity may file against the estate of the
ueceaseu, (n)
SEC. S. @+869%.# ". 1"7"$ 01#"'. .'# 0 402=A final juug-ment ienueieu in a civil
action absolving the uefenuant fiom civil liability is not a bai to a ciiminal action
against the uefenuant foi the same act oi omission subject of the civil action. (4a)
SEC. 6. >+,3%.,"'. 4; 2%0,'. '( 32%B+8"1"0$ V+%,#"'.=A petition foi suspension
of the ciiminal action baseu upon the penuency of a piejuuicial question in a civil
action may be fileu in the office of the piosecutoi oi the couit conuucting the
pieliminaiy investigation. When the ciiminal action has been fileu in couit foi tiial,
the petition to suspenu shall be fileu in the same ciiminal action at any time befoie
the piosecution iests. (6a)
SEC. 7. J$%9%.#, '( 32%B+8"1"0$ V+%,#"'.=RThe elements of a piejuuicial
question aie: (a) the pieviously instituteu civil action involves an issue similai oi
intimately ielateu to the issue iaiseu in the subsequent ciiminal action, anu (b) the
iesolution of such issue ueteimines whethei oi not the ciiminal action may pioceeu.
(Sa)

!"#$ &&3
*!$#-8-()!1 -(,$./-')/-+(
SECTI0N 1. D2%$"9".02; ".7%,#"60#"'. 8%(".%8? /)%. 2%V+"2%8=Pieliminaiy
investigation is an inquiiy oi pioceeuing to ueteimine whethei theie is sufficient
giounu to engenuei a well-founueu belief that a ciime has been committeu anu the
iesponuent is piobably guilty theieof, anu shoulu be helu foi tiial.
Except as pioviueu in section 7 of this Rule, a pieliminaiy investigation is
iequiieu to be conuucteu befoie the filing of a complaint oi infoimation foi an
offense wheie the penalty piesciibeu by law is at least foui (4) yeais, two (2)
months anu one (1) uay without iegaiu to the fine, (1a)
SEC. 2. :(("1%2, 0+#)'2"U%8 #' 1'.8+1# 32%$"9".02; ".7%,#"60#"'.,=
229
The following may conuuct pieliminaiy investigations:
(a) Piovincial oi City Piosecutois anu theii assistants;
(b) }uuges of the Nunicipal Tiial Couits anu Nunicipal Ciicuit Tiial
Couits;
(c) National anu Regional State Piosecutois; anu
(u) 0thei officeis as may be authoiizeu by law.
Theii authoiity to conuuct pieliminaiy investigations shall incluue all ciimes
cognizable by the piopei couit in theii iespective teiiitoiial juiisuictions. (2a)
SEC. S. D2'1%8+2%=The pieliminaiy investigation shall be conuucteu in the
following mannei:
(a) The complaint shall state the auuiess of the iesponuent anu shall
be accompanieu by the affiuavits of the complainant anu his witnesses, as well
as othei suppoiting uocuments to establish piobable cause. They shall be in
such numbei of copies as theie aie iesponuents, plus two (2) copies foi the
official file. The affiuavits shall be subsciibeu anu swoin to befoie any
piosecutoi oi govein-ment official authoiizeu to auministei oath, oi, in theii
absence oi unavailability, befoie a notaiy public, each of whom must ceitify
that he peisonally examineu the affiants anu that he is satisfieu that they
voluntaiily executeu anu unueistoou theii affiuavits.
(b) Within ten (1u) uays aftei the filing of the complaint, the
investigating officei shall eithei uismiss it if he finus no giounu to continue
with the investigation, oi issue a subpoena to the iesponuent attaching to it a
copy of the complaint anu its suppoiting affiuavits anu uocuments.
The iesponuent shall have the iight to examine the eviuence
submitteu by the complainant which he may not have been fuinisheu anu to
copy them at his expense. If the eviuence is voluminous, the complainant may
be iequiieu to specify those which he intenus to piesent against the
iesponuent, anu these shall be maue available foi examination oi copying by
the iesponuent at his expense.
0bjects as eviuence neeu not be fuinisheu a paity but shall be maue
available foi examination, copying, oi photogiaphing at the expense of the
iequesting paity.
(c) Within ten (1u) uays fiom ieceipt of the subpoena with the
complaint anu suppoiting affiuavits anu uocuments, the
2Su
iesponuent shall submit his countei-affiuavit anu that of his
witnesses anu othei suppoiting uocuments ielieu upon foi his uefense. The
countei-affiuavits shall be subsciibeu anu swoin to anu ceitifieu as pioviueu
in paiagiaph (a) of this section, with copies theieof fuinisheu by him to the
complainant;. The iesponuent shall not be alloweu to file a motion to uismiss
in lieu of a countei-affiuavit.
(u) If the iesponuent cannot be subpoenaeu, of if subpoenaeu, uoes
not submit countei-affiuavits within the ten (1u) uay peiiou, the investigating
officei shall iesolve the complaint baseu on the eviuence piesenteu by the
complainant.
(e) The investigating officei may set a heaiing if theie aie facts anu
issues to be claiifieu fiom a paity oi a witness. The paities can be piesent at
the heaiing but without the iight to examine oi cioss-examine. They may,
howevei, submit to the investigating officei questions which may be askeu to
the paity oi witness conceineu.
The heaiing shall be helu within ten (1u) uays fiom submission of the
countei-affiuavits anu othei uocuments oi fiom the expiiation of the peiiou
foi theii submission. It shall be teiminateu within five (S) uays.
(f) Within ten (1u) uays aftei the investigation, the investigating
officei shall ueteimine whethei oi not theie is sufficient giounu to holu the
iesponuent foi tiial. (Sa)
SEC. 4. *%,'$+#"'. '( ".7%,#"60#".6 32',%1+#'2 0.8 "#, 2%7"%/=If the
investigating piosecutoi finus cause to holu the iesponuent foi tiial, he shall
piepaie the iesolution anu infoima-tion. Be shall ceitify unuei oath in the
infoimation that he, oi as shown by the iecoiu, an authoiizeu officei, has peisonally
examineu the complainant anu his witnesses; that theie is ieasonable giounu to
believe that a ciime has been committeu anu that the accuseu is piobably guilty
theieof; that the accuseu was infoimeu of the complaint anu of the eviuence
submitteu against him; anu that he was given an oppoitunity to submit
contioveiting eviuence. 0theiwise, he shall iecommenu the uismissal of the
complaint.
Within five (S) uays fiom his iesolution, he shall foiwaiu the iecoiu of the case
to the piovincial oi city piosecutoi oi chief state piosecutoi, oi to the 0mbuusman
oi his ueputy in cases of offenses cognizable by the >0.8"60.40;0. in the exeicise of
its oiiginal juiisuiction. They shall act on the iesolution within ten (1u) uays fiom
theii ieceipt theieof anu shall immeuiately infoim the paities of such action.
2S1
No complaint oi infoimation may be fileu oi uismisseu by an investigating
piosecutoi without the piioi wiitten authoiity oi appioval of the piovincial oi city
piosecutoi oi chief state piosecutoi oi the 0mbuusman oi his ueputy.
Wheie the investigating piosecutoi iecommenus the uismissal of the
complaint but his iecommenuation is uisappioveu by the piovincial oi city
piosecutoi oi chief state piosecutoi oi the 0mbuusman oi his ueputy on the giounu
that a piobable cause exists, the lattei may, by himself, file the infoimation against
the iesponuent, oi uiiect anothei assistant piosecutoi oi state piosecutoi to uo so
without conuucting anothei pieliminaiy investigation.
If upon petition by a piopei paity unuei such iules as the Bepaitment of
}ustice may piesciibe oi 9'#+ 32'32"'< the Secietaiy of }ustice ieveises oi mouifies
the iesolution of the piovincial oi city piosecutoi oi chief state piosecutoi, he shall
uiiect the piosecutoi conceineu eithei to file the coiiesponuing infoimation
without conuucting anothei pieliminaiy investigation, oi to uismiss oi move foi
uismissal of the complaint oi infoimation with notice to the paities. The same iule
shall apply in pieliminaiy investigations conuucteu by the officeis of the 0ffice of
the 0mbuusman. (4a)
SEC. S. *%,'$+#"'. '( ".7%,#"60#".6 B+86% 0.8 "#, 2%7"%/=RWithin ten (1u) uays
aftei the pieliminaiy investigation, the investigating juuge shall tiansmit the
iesolution of the case to the piovincial oi city piosecutoi, oi to the 0mbuusman oi
his ueputy in cases of offenses cognizable by the >0.8"60.40;0. in the exeicise of its
oiiginal juiisuiction, foi appiopiiate action. The iesolution shall state the finuings of
facts anu the law suppoiting his action, togethei with the iecoiu of the case which,
shall incluue: (a) the waiiant, if the aiiest is by viitue of a waiiant; (b) the
affiuavits, countei-affiuavits anu othei suppoiting eviuence of the paities; (c) the
unueitaking oi bail of the accuseu anu the oiuei foi his ielease; (u) the tiansciipts
of the pioceeuings uuiing the pieliminaiy investigation; anu (e) the oiuei of
cancellation of his bail bonu, if the iesolution is foi the uismissal of the complaint.
Within thiity (Su) uays fiom ieceipt of the iecoius, the piovincial oi city
piosecutoi, oi the 0mbuusman oi his ueputy, as the case may be, shall ieview the
iesolution of the investigating juuge on the existence of piobable cause. Theii iuling
shall expiessly anu cleaily state the facts anu the law on which it is baseu anu the
paities shall be fuinisheu with copies theieof. They shall oiuei the ielease of an
accuseu who is uetaineu if no piobable cause is founu against him. (Sa)
SEC. 6. C)%. /0220.# '( 022%,# 90; ",,+%=(a) Q; #)% *%6"'.0$ !2"0$ Couit .
Within ten (1u) uays fiom the filing of the complaint oi infoimation, the juuge shall
peisonally evaluate the iesolution of the piosecutoi anu its suppoiting eviuence. Be
2S2
may immeuiately uismiss the case if the eviuence on iecoiu cleaily fails to establish
piobable cause. If he finus piobable cause, he shall issue a waiiant of aiiest, oi a
commitment oiuei if the accuseu has alieauy been aiiesteu puisuant to a waiiant
issueu by the juuge who conuucteu the pieliminaiy investigation oi when the
complaint oi infoimation was fileu puisuant to section 7 of this Rule. In case of
uoubt on the existence of piobable cause, the juuge may oiuei the piosecutoi to
piesent auuitional eviuence within five (S) uays fiom notice anu the issue must be
iesolveu by the couit within thiity (Su) uays fiom the filing of the complaint oi
infoimation.
(b) Q; #)% A+."1"30$ !2"0$ 5'+2#=When iequiieu puisuant to the seconu
paiagiaph of section 1 of this Rule, the pieliminaiy investigation of cases falling
unuei the oiiginal juiisuiction of the Netiopolitan Tiial Couit, Nunicipal Tiial Couit
in Cities, Nunicipal Tiial Couit, oi Nunicipal Ciicuit Tiial Couit may be conuucteu
by eithei the juuge oi the piosecutoi. When conuucteu by the piosecutoi, the
pioceuuie foi the issuance of a waiiant of aiiest by the juuge shall be goveineu by
paiagiaph (a) of this section. When the investigation is conuucteu by the juuge
himself, he shall follow the pioceuuie pioviueu in section S of this Rule. If his
finuings anu iecommenuations aie affiimeu by the piovincial oi city piosecutoi, oi
by the 0mbuusman oi his ueputy, anu the coiiesponuing infoimation is fileu, he
shall issue a waiiant of aiiest. Bowevei, without waiting foi the conclusion of the
investiga-tion, the juuge may issue a waiiant of aiiest if he finus aftei an
examination in wiiting anu unuei oath of the complainant anu his witnesses in the
foim of seaiching questions anu answeis, that a piobable cause exists anu that theie
is a necessity of placing the iesponuent unuei immeuiate custouy in oiuei not to
fiustiate the enus of justice.
(c) C)%. /0220.# '( 022%,# .'# .%1%,,02;=A waiiant of aiiest shall not issue if
the accuseu is alieauy unuei uetention puisuant to a waiiant issueu by the
municipal tiial couit in accoiuance with paiagiaph (b) of this section, oi if the
complaint oi infoimation was fileu puisuant to section 7 of this Rule oi is foi an
offense penalizeu by fine only. The couit shall then pioceeu in the exeicise of its
oiiginal juiisuiction. (6a)
SEC. 7. C)%. 011+,%8 $0/(+$$; 022%,#%8 /"#)'+# /0220.#=When a peison is
lawfully aiiesteu without a waiiant involving an offense which iequiies a
pieliminaiy investigation, the complaint oi infoimation may be fileu by a piosecutoi
without neeu of such investigation pioviueu an inquest has been conuucteu in
accoiuance with existing iules. In the absence oi unavailability of an inquest
piosecutoi, the complaint may be fileu by the offenueu paity oi a peace officei
uiiectly with the piopei couit on the basis of the affiuavit of the offenueu paity oi
2SS
aiiesting officei oi peison.
Befoie the complaint oi infoimation is fileu, the peison aiiesteu may ask foi a
pieliminaiy investigation in accoiuance with this Rule, but he must sign a waivei of
the piovisions of Aiticle 12S of the Reviseu Penal Coue, as amenueu, in the piesence
of his counsel. Notwithstanuing the waivei, he may apply foi bail anu the
investigation must be teiminateu within fifteen (1S) uays fiom its inception.
Aftei the filing of the complaint oi infoimation in couit without a pieliminaiy
investigation, the accuseu may, within five (S) uays fiom the time he leains of its
filing, ask foi a pieliminaiy investigation with the same iight to auuuce eviuence in
his uefense as pioviueu in this Rule. (7a; sec. 2, R.A. No. 74S8)
SEC. 8. *%1'28,=(a) *%1'28, ,+33'2#".6 #)% ".('290#"'. '2 1'93$0".#=An
infoimation oi complaint fileu in couit shall be suppoiteu by the affiuavits anu
countei-affiuavits of the paities anu theii witnesses, togethei with the othei
suppoiting eviuence anu the iesolution on the case.
(b) *%1'28 '( 32%$"9".02; ".7%,#"60#"'.=The iecoiu of the pieliminaiy
investigation, whethei conuucteu by a juuge oi a piosecutoi, shall not foim pait of
the iecoiu of the case. Bowevei, the couit, on its own initiative oi on motion of any
paity, may oiuei the piouuction of the iecoiu oi any of its pait when necessaiy in
the iesolution of the case oi any inciuent theiein, oi when it is to be intiouuceu as
an eviuence in the case by the iequesting paity. (8a)
SEC. 9. Cases not iequiiing a pieliminaiy investigation noi coveieu by the Rule
on Summaiy Pioceuuie.
(a) -( ("$%8 /"#) #)% 32',%1+#'2=If the complaint is fileu uiiectly with
the piosecutoi involving an offense punishable by impiisonment of less than
foui (4) yeais, two (2) months anu one (1) uay, the pioceuuie outlineu in
section S(a) of this Rule shall be obseiveu. The piosecutoi shall act on the
complaint baseu on the
affiuavits anu othei suppoiting uocuments submitteu by the
complainant within ten (1u) uays fiom its filing.
(b) -( ("$%8 /"#) #)% A+."1"30$ !2"0$ 5'+2#= If the complaint oi
infoimation is fileu with the Nunicipal Tiial Couit oi Nunicipal Ciicuit Tiial
Couit foi an offense coveieu by this section, the pioceuuie in section S(a) of
this Rule shall be obseiveu. If within ten (1u) uays aftei the filing of the
complaint oi infoimation, the juuge finus no piobable cause aftei peisonally
evaluating the eviuence, oi aftei peisonally examining in wiiting anu unuei
oath the complainant anu his witnesses in the foim of seaiching questions anu
2S4
answeis, he shall uismiss the same. Be may, how evei, iequiie the submission
of auuitional eviuence, within ten (1u) uays fiom notice, to ueteimine fuithei
the existence of piobable cause. If the juuge still finus no piobable cause
uespite the auuitional eviuence, he shall, within ten (1u) uays fiom its
submission oi expiiation of saiu peiiou, uismiss the case. When he finus
piobable cause, he shall issue a waiiant of aiiest, oi a commitment oiuei if the
accuseu hau alieauy been aiiesteu, anu holu him foi tiial. Bowevei, if the
juuge is satisfieu that theie is no necessity foi placing the accuseu unuei
custouy, he may issue summons insteau of a waiiant of aiiest. (9a)

!"#$ &&5
)!!$./
SECTI0N 1. K%("."#"'. '( 022%,#=RAiiest is the taking of a peison into custouy
in oiuei that he may be bounu to answei foi the commission of an offense. (1)
SEC. 2. H22%,#? )'/ 908%=An aiiest is maue by an actual iestiaint of a peison
to be aiiesteu, oi by his submission to the custouy of the peison making the aiiest.
No violence oi unnecessaiy foice shall be useu in making an aiiest. The peison
aiiesteu shall not be subject to a gieatei iestiaint than is necessaiy foi his
uetention. (2a)
SEC. S. K+#; '( 022%,#".6 '(("1%2=It shall be the uuty of the officei executing
the waiiant to aiiest the accuseu anu uelivei him to the neaiest police station oi jail
without unnecessaiy uelay. (Sa)
SEC. 4. JL%1+#"'. '( /0220.#=The heau of the office to whom the waiiant of
aiiest was ueliveieu foi execution shall cause the waiiant to be executeu within ten
(1u) uays fiom its ieceipt. Within ten (1u) uays aftei the expiiation of the peiiou,
the officei to whom it was assigneu foi execution shall make a iepoit to the juuge
who issueu the waiiant. In case of his failuie to execute the waiiant, he shall state
the ieasons theiefoi. (4a)
SEC. S. H22%,# /"#)'+# /0220.#? /)%. $0/(+$=A peace officei oi a piivate
peison may, without a waiiant, aiiest a peison:
2SS
(a) When, in his piesence, the peison to be aiiesteu has committeu,
is actually committing, oi is attempting to commit an offense;
(b) When an offense has just been committeu anu he has piobable
cause to believe baseu on peisonal knowleuge of facts oi ciicumstances that
the peison to be aiiesteu has committeu it; anu
(c) When the peison to be aiiesteu is a piisonei who has escapeu
fiom a penal establishment oi place wheie he is seiving final juugment oi is
tempoiaiily confineu while his case is penuing, oi has escapeu while being
tiansfeiieu fiom one confinement to anothei.
In cases falling unuei paiagiaphs (a) anu (b) above, the peison aiiesteu
without a waiiant shall be foithwith ueliveieu to the neaiest police station oi jail
anu shall be pioceeueu against in accoiuance with section 7 of Rule 112, (Sa)
SEC. 6. !"9% '( 90I".6 022%,#=An aiiest may be maue on any uay anu at any
time of the uay oi night. (6)
SEC. 7. A%#)'8 '( 022%,# 4; '(("1%2 4; 7"2#+% '( /0220.#=When making an
aiiest by viitue of a waiiant, the officei shall infoim the peison to be aiiesteu of the
cause of the aiiest anu the fact that a waiiant has been issueu foi his aiiest, except
when he flees oi foicibly iesists befoie the officei has oppoitunity to so infoim him,
oi when the giving of such infoimation will impeiil the aiiest. The officei neeu not
have the waiiant in his possession at the time of the aiiest but aftei the aiiest, if the
peison aiiesteu so iequiies, the waiiant shall be shown to him as soon as
piacticable. (7a)
SEC. 8. A%#)'8 '( 022%,# 4; '(("1%2 /"#)'+# /0220.#=When making an aiiest
without a waiiant, the officei shall infoim the peison to be aiiesteu of his authoiity
anu the cause of the aiiest, unless the lattei is eithei engageu in the commission of
an offense, is puisueu immeuiately aftei its commission, has escapeu, flees, oi
foicibly iesists befoie the officei has oppoitunity to so infoim him, oi when the
giving of such infoimation will impeiil the aiiest. (8a)
SEC. 9. A%#)'8 '( 022%,# 4; 32"70#% 3%2,'.=When making an aiiest, a piivate
peison shall infoim the peison to be aiiesteu of the intention to aiiest him anu the
cause of the aiiest, unless the lattei is eithei engageu in the commission of an
offense, is puisueu immeuiately aftei its commission, oi has escapeu, flees, oi
foicibly iesists befoie the peison making the aiiest has oppoitunity to so infoim
him, oi when the giving of such infoimation will impeiil the aiiest. (9a)
SEC. 1u. :(("1%2 90; ,+99'. 0,,",#0.1%=An officei making a lawful aiiest
2S6
may oially summon as many peisons as he ueems necessaiy to assist him in
effecting the aiiest. Eveiy peison so summoneu by an officei shall assist him in
effecting the aiiest when he can ienuei such assistance without uetiiment to
himself. (1ua)
SEC. 11. *"6)# '( '(("1%2 #' 42%0I ".#' 4+"$8".6 '2 %.1$',+2%=An officei, in oiuei
to make an aiiest eithei by viitue of a waiiant, oi without a waiiant as pioviueu in
section S, may bieak into any builuing oi enclosuie wheie the peison to be aiiesteu
is oi is ieasonably believeu to be, if he is iefuseu aumittance theieto, aftei
announcing his authoiity anu puipose, (11a)
SEC. 12. *"6)# #' 42%0I '+# (2'9 4+"$8".6 '2 %.1$',+2%=Whenevei an officei
has enteieu the builuing, oi enclosuie in accoiuance with the pieceuing section, he
may bieak out theiefiom when necessaiy to libeiate himself. (12a)
SEC. 1S. H22%,# 0(#%2 %,103% '2 2%,1+%=If a peison lawfully aiiesteu escapes oi
is iescueu, any peison may immeuiately puisue oi ietake him without a waiiant at
any time anu in any place within the Philippines. (1S)
SEC. 14. *"6)# '( 0##'2.%; '2 2%$0#"7% #' 7","# 3%2,'. 022%,#%8=Any membei of
the Philippine Bai shall, at the iequest of the peison aiiesteu oi of anothei acting in
his behalf, have the iight to visit anu confei piivately with such peison in the jail oi
any othei place of custouy at any houi of the uay oi night. Subject to ieasonable
iegulations, a ielative of the peison aiiesteu can also exeicise the same iight. (14a)
!"#$ &&6
A)-#
SECTI0N 1. Q0"$ 8%(".%8=RBail is the secuiity given foi the ielease of a peison
in custouy of the law, fuinisheu by him oi a bonusman, to guaiantee his appeaiance
befoie any couit as iequiieu unuei the conuitions heieinaftei specifieu. Bail may be
given in the foim of coipoiate suiety, piopeity bonu, cash ueposit, oi iecognizance,
(1a)
SEC. 2. 5'.8"#"'., '( #)% 40"$? 2%V+"2%9%.#,=All kinus of bail aie subject to the
following conuitions:
(a) The unueitaking shall be effective upon appioval, anu unless
cancelleu, shall iemain in foim at all stages of the case until piomulgation of
the juugment of the Regional Tiial Couit, iiiespective of whethei the case was
2S7
oiiginally fileu in oi appealeu to it;
(b) The accuseu shall appeai befoie the piopei couit whenevei
iequiieu by the couit oi these Rules;
(c) The failuie of the accuseu to appeai at the tiial without
justification anu uespite uue notice shall be ueemeu a waivei of his iight to be
piesent theieat. In such case, the tiial may pioceeu in 04,%.#"0? anu
(u) The bonusman shall suiienuei the accuseu to the couit foi
execution of the final execution.
The oiiginal papeis shall state the full name anu auuiess of the accuseu, the
amount of the unueitaking anu the conuitions iequiieu by this section. Photogiaphs
(passpoit size) taken within the last six (6) months showing the face, left anu iight
piofiles of the accuseu must be attacheu to the bail. (2a)
SEC. S. E' 2%$%0,% '2 #20.,(%2 %L1%3# '. 1'+2# '28%2 '2 40"$=No peison unuei
uetention by legal piocess shall be ieleaseu oi tiansfeiieu except upon oiuei of the
couit oi when he is aumitteu to bail. (Sa)
SEC. 4. Q0"$< 0 90##%2 '( 2"6)#? %L1%3#"'.=RAll peisons in custouy shall be
aumitteu to bail as a mattei of iight, with sufficient suieties, oi ieleaseu on
iecognizance as piesciibeu by law oi this Rule (a) befoie oi aftei conviction by the
Netiopolitan Tiial Couit, Nunicipal Tiial Couit, Nunicipal Tiial Couit in Cities, oi
Nunicipal Ciicuit Tiial Couit, anu (b) befoie conviction by the Regional Tiial Couit
of an offense not punishable by ueath, 2%1$+,"'. 3%23%#+0< oi life impiisonment. (4a)
SEC. S. Q0"$< /)%. 8",12%#"'.02;=0pon conviction by the Regional Tiial Couit
of an .offense not punishable by ueath, 2%1$+,"'. 3%23%#+0< oi life impiisonment,
aumission to bail is uiscietionaiy. The application foi bail may be fileu anu acteu
upon by the tiial couit uespite the filing of a notice of appeal, pioviueu it has not
tiansmitteu the oiiginal iecoiu to the appellate couit. Bowevei, if the uecision of the
tiial couit convicting the accuseu changeu the natuie of the offense fiom non-
bailable to bailable, the application foi bail can only be fileu with anu iesolveu by
the appellate couit.
Shoulu the couit giant the application, the accuseu may be alloweu to continue
on piovisional libeity uuiing the penuency of the appeal unuei the same bail subject
to the consent of the bonusman.
If the penalty imposeu by the tiial couit is impiisonment exceeuing six (6)
yeais, the accuseu shall be uenieu bail, oi his bail shall be cancelleu upon a showing
by the piosecution, with notice to the accuseu, of the following oi othei similai
2S8
ciicumstances:
(a) That he is a ieciuivist, quasi-ieciuivist, oi habitual uelinquent, oi
has committeu the ciime aggiavateu by the ciicumstance of ieiteiation;
(b) That he has pieviously escapeu fiom legal confinement, evaueu
sentence, oi violateu the conuitions of his bail without valiu justification;
(c) That he committeu the offense while unuei piobation, paiole, oi
conuitional paiuon;
(u) That the ciicumstances of his case inuicate the piobability of
flight if ieleaseu on bail; oi
(e) That theie is unuue iisk that he may commit anothei ciime
uuiing the penuency of the appeal.
The appellate couit may, 9'#+ 32'32"' '2 on motion of any paity, ieview the
iesolution of the Regional Tiial Couit aftei notice to the auveise paity in eithei case.
(Sa)
SEC. 6. 503"#0$ '((%.,%< 8%(".%8=A capital offense is an offense which, unuei
the law existing at the time of its commission anu of the application foi aumission to
bail, may be punisheu with ueath. (6a)
SEC. 7. 503"#0$ '((%.,% '2 0. '((%.,% 3+.",)04$% 4; 2%1$+,"'. 3%23%#+0 '2 $"(%
"932",'.9%.#< .'# 40"$04$%=No peison chaigeu with a capital offense, oi an offense
punishable by 2%1$+,"'. 3%23%#+0 oi life impiisonment, shall be aumitteu to bail
when eviuence of guilt is stiong, iegaiuless of the stage of the ciiminal piosecution.
(7a)
SEC. 8. Q+28%. '( 32''( ". 40"$ 033$"10#"'.=At the heaiing of an application foi
bail fileu by a peison who is in custouy foi the commission of an offense punishable
by ueath, 2%1$+,"'. 3%23%#+0< oi life impiisonment, the piosecution has the buiuen of
showing that eviuence of guilt is stiong. The eviuence piesenteu uuiing the bail
heaiing shall be consiueieu automatically iepiouuceu at the tiial but, upon motion
of eithei paity, the couit may iecall any witness foi auuitional examination unless
the lattei is ueau, outsiue the Philippines, oi otheiwise unable to testify. (8a)
SEC. 9. H9'+.# '( 40"$? 6+"8%$".%,=The juuge who issueu the waiiant oi
gianteu the application shall fix a ieasonable amount of bail consiueiing piimaiily,
but not limiteu to, the following factois:
(a) Financial ability of the accuseu to give bail;
2S9
(b) Natuie anu ciicumstances of the offense;
(c) Penalty foi the offense chaigeu;
(u) Chaiactei anu ieputation of the accuseu;
(e) Age anu health of the accuseu;
(f) Weight of the eviuence against the accuseu;
(g) Piobability of the accuseu appeaiing at the tiial;
(h) Foifeituie of othei bail;
(i) The fact that the accuseu was a fugitive fiom justice when
aiiesteu; anu
(j) Penuency of othei cases wheie the accuseu is on bail.
Excessive bail shall not be iequiieu. (9a)
SEC. 1u. 5'23'20#% ,+2%#;=Any uomestic oi foieign coipoia-tion, licenseu as a
suiety in accoiuance with law anu cuiiently authoiizeu to act as such, may pioviue
bail by a bonu subsciibeu jointly by the accuseu anu an officei of the coipoiation
uuly authoiizeu by its boaiu of uiiectois. (1ua)
SEC. 11. D2'3%2#; 4'.8< )'/ 3',#%8=A piopeity bonu is an unueitaking
constituteu as lien on the ieal piopeity given as secuiity foi the amount of the bail.
Within ten (1u) uays aftei the appioval of the bonu, the accuseu shall cause the
annotation of the lien on the ceitificate of title on file with the Registiy of Beeus if
the lanu is iegisteieu, oi if uniegisteieu, in the Registiation Book on the space
pioviueu theiefoi, in the Registiy of Beeus foi the piovince oi city wheie the lanu
lies, anu on the coiiesponuing tax ueclaiation in the office of the piovincial, city anu
municipal assessoi conceineu.
Within the same peiiou, the accuseu shall submit to the couit his compliance
anu his failuie to uo so shall be sufficient cause foi the cancellation of the piopeity
bonu anu his ie-aiiest anu uetention. (11a)
SEC. 12. X+0$"("10#"'., '( ,+2%#"%, ". 32'3%2#; 4'.8=The qualifications of
suieties in a piopeity bonu shall be as follows:
(a) Each must be a iesiuent ownei of ieal estate within the
Philippines;
(b) Wheie theie is only one suiety, his ieal estate must be woith at
least the amount of the unueitaking;
24u
(c) If theie aie two oi moie suieties, each may justify in an amount
less than that expiesseu in the unueitaking but the aggiegate of the justifieu
sums must be equivalent to the whole amount of the bail uemanueu.
In all cases, eveiy suiety must be woith the amount specifieu in his own
unueitaking ovei anu above all just uebts, obligations anu piopeities exempt fiom
execution. (12a)
SEC. 1S. @+,#"("10#"'. '( ,+2%#"%,=Eveiy suiety shall justify by affiuavit taken
befoie the juuge that he possesses the qualifica-tions piesciibeu in the pieceuing
section. Be shall uesciibe the piopeity given as secuiity, stating the natuie of his
title, its encumbiances, the numbei anu amount of othei bails enteieu into by him
anu still unuischaigeu, anu his othei liabilities. The couit may examine the suieties
upon oath conceining theii sufficiency in such manneis it may ueem piopei. No bail
shall be appioveu unless the suiety is qualifieu. (1Sa)
SEC. 14. K%3',"# '( 10,) 0, 40"$=The accuseu oi any peison acting in his behalf
may ueposit in cash with the neaiest collectoi of inteinal ievenue oi piovincial, city,
oi municipal tieasuiei the amount of bail fixeu by the couit, oi iecommenueu by the
piosecutoi who investigateu oi fileu the case. 0pon submission of a piopei
ceitificate of ueposit anu a wiitten unueitaking showing compliance with the
iequiiements of section 2 of this Rule, the accuseu shall be uischaigeu fiom custouy.
The money uepositeu shall be consiueieu as bail anu applieu to the payment of fine
anu costs while the excess, if any, shall be ietuineu to the accuseu oi to whoevei
maue the ueposit. (14a)
SEC. 1S. *%1'6."U0.1%=Whenevei alloweu by law oi these Rules, the couit
may ielease a peison in custouy on his own iecognizance oi that of a iesponsible
peison. (1Sa)
SEC. 16. Q0"$< /)%. .'# 2%V+"2%8? 2%8+1%8 40"$ '2 2%1'6."U0.1%=FNo bail shall
be iequiieu when the law oi these Rules so pioviue.
When a peison has been in custouy foi a peiiou equal to oi moie than the
possible maximum impiisonment piesciibeu foi the offense chaigeu, he shall be
ieleaseu immeuiately, without piejuuice to the continuation of the tiial oi the
pioceeuings on appeal. If the maximum penalty to which the accuseu may be
sentenceu is 8%,#"%22'< he shall be ieleaseu aftei thiity (Su) uays of pieventive
impiisonment.
A peison in custouy foi a peiiou equal to oi moie than the minimum of the
piincipal penalty piesciibeu foi the offense chaigeu, without application of the
Inueteiminate Sentence Law oi any mouifying ciicumstance, shall be ieleaseu on a
241
ieuuceu bail oi on his own iecognizance, at the uiscietion of the couit. (16a)
SEC. 17. Q0"$< /)%2% ("$%8=(a) Bail in the amount fixeu may be fileu with the
couit wheie the case is penuing, oi in the absence oi unavailability of the juuge
theieof, with any iegional tiial juuge, metiopolitan tiial juuge, municipal tiial juuge,
oi municipal ciicuit tiial juuge in the piovince, city, oi municipality. If the accuseu is
aiiesteu in a piovince, city, oi municipality othei than wheie the case is penuing,
bail may also be fileu with any iegional tiial couit of saiu place, oi if no juuge theieof
is available, with any metiopolitan tiial juuge, municipal tiial juuge, oi municipal
ciicuit tiial juuge theiein.
(b) Wheie the giant of bail is a mattei of uiscietion, oi the accuseu seeks to
be ieleaseu on iecognizance, the application may only be fileu in the couit wheie
the case is penuing, whethei on pieliminaiy investigation, tiial, oi appeal.
(c) Any peison in custouy who is not yet chaigeu in couit
may apply foi bail with any couit in the piovince, city, oi municipality
wheie he is helu. (17a)
SEC. 18. E'#"1% '( 033$"10#"'. #' 32',%1+#'2=In the application foi bail unuei
section 8 of this Rule, the couit must give ieasonable notice of the heaiing to the
piosecutoi oi iequiie him to submit his iecommenuation. (18a)
SEC. 19. *%$%0,% '. 40"$=The accuseu must be uischaigeu upon appioval of
the bail by the juuge with whom it was fileu in accoiuance with section 17 of this
Rule.
When bail is fileu with a couit othei than wheie the case is penuing, the juuge
who accepteu the bail shall foiwaiu it, togethei with the oiuei of ielease anu othei
suppoiting papeis, to the couit wheie the case is penuing, which may, foi goou
ieason, iequiie a uiffeient one to be fileu. (19a)
SEC. 2u. -.12%0,% '2 2%8+1#"'. '( 40"$=Aftei the accuseu is aumitteu to bail, the
couit may, upon goou cause, eithei inciease oi ieuuce its amount. When incieaseu,
the accuseu may be committeu to custouy if he uoes not give bail in the incieaseu
amount within a ieasonable peiiou. An accuseu helu to answei a ciiminal chaige,
who is ieleaseu without bail upon filing of the complaint oi infoimation, may, at any
subsequent stage of the pioceeuings anu whenevei a stiong showing of guilt
appeais to the couit, be iequiieu to give bail in the amount fixeu, oi in lieu theieof,
committeu to custouy. (2ua)
SEC. 21. T'2(%"#+2% '( 40"$=When the piesence of the accuseu is iequiieu by
the couit oi these Rules, his bonusmen shall be notifieu to piouuce him befoie the
242
couit on a given uate anu time. If the accuseu fails to appeai in peison as iequiieu,
his bail shall be ueclaieu foifeiteu anu the bonusmen given thiity (Su) uays within
which to piouuce theii piincipal anu to show cause why no juugment shoulu be
ienueieu against them foi the amount of theii bail. Within the saiu peiiou, the
bonusmen must:
(a) piouuce the bouy of theii piincipal oi give the ieason foi his
non-piouuction; anu
(b) explain why the accuseu uiu not appeai befoie the couit when
fiist iequiieu to uo so.
Failing in these two iequisites, a juugment shall be ienueieu against the
bonusmen, jointly anu seveially, foi the amount of the bail. The couit shall not
ieuuce oi otheiwise mitigate the liability of the bonusmen, unless the accuseu has
been suiienueieu oi is acquitteu. (21a)
SEC. 22. 50.1%$$0#"'. '( 40"$=0pon application of the bonusmen, with uue
notice to the piosecutoi, the bail may be cancelleu upon suiienuei of the accuseu oi
pioof of his ueath.
The bail shall be ueemeu automatically cancelleu upon acquittal of the
accuseu, uismissal of the case, oi execution of the juugment of conviction.
In all instances, the cancellation shall be without piejuuice to any liability on
the bail. (22a)
SEC. 2S. H22%,# '( 011+,%8 '+# '. 40"$=Foi the puipose of suiienueiing the
accuseu, the bonusmen may aiiest him oi, upon wiitten authoiity enuoiseu on a
ceitifieu copy of the unueitaking, cause him to be aiiesteu by a police officei oi any
othei peison of suitable age anu uiscietion.
An accuseu ieleaseu on bail may be ie-aiiesteu without the necessity of a
waiiant if he attempts to uepait fiom the Philippines without peimission of the
couit wheie the case is penuing. (2Sa)
SEC. 24. E' 40"$ 0(#%2 (".0$ B+869%.#? %L1%3#"'.=No bail shall be alloweu aftei
a juugment of conviction has become final. If befoie such finality, the accuseu
applies foi piobation, he may be alloweu tempoiaiy libeity unuei his bail. When no
bail was fileu oi the accuseu is incapable of filing one, the couit may allow his
ielease on iecognizance to the custouy of a iesponsible membei of the community.
In no case shall bail be alloweu aftei the accuseu has commenceu to seive sentence.
(24a)
24S
SEC. 2S. 5'+2# ,+3%27","'. '( 8%#0".%%,=RThe couit shall exeicise supeivision
ovei all peisons in custouy foi the puipose of eliminating unnecessaiy uetention.
The executive juuges of the Regional Tiial Couits shall conuuct monthly peisonal
inspections of piovincial, city, anu municipal jails anu the piisoneis within theii
iespective juiisuictions. They shall asceitain the numbei of uetainees, inquiie on
theii piopei accommouation anu health anu examine the conuition of the jail
facilities. They shall oiuei the segiegation of sexes anu of minois fiom auults,
ensuie the obseivance of the iight of uetainees to confei piivately with counsel, anu
stiive to eliminate conuitions inimical to the uetainees.
In cities anu municipalities to be specifieu by the Supieme Couit, the municipal
tiial juuges oi municipal ciicuit tiial juuges shall conuuct monthly peisonal
inspections of the municipal jails in theii iespective municipalities anu submit a
iepoit to the executive juuge of the Regional Tiial Couit having juiisuiction theiein.
A monthly iepoit of such visitation shall 4% submitteu by the executive juuges
to the Couit Auministiatoi which shall state the total numbei of uetainees, the
names of those helu foi moie than thiity (Su) uays, the uuiation of uetention, the
ciime chaigeu, the status of the case, the cause foi uetention, anu othei peitinent
infoimation. (2Sa)
SEC. 26. Q0"$ .'# 0 402 #' '4B%1#"'., '. "$$%60$ 022%,#< $01I '( '2 "22%6+$02
32%$"9".02; ".7%,#"60#"'.=An application foi oi aumission to bail shall not bai the
accuseu fiom challenging the valiuity of his aiiest oi the legality of the waiiant
issueu theiefoi, oi fiom assailing the iegulaiity oi questioning the absence of a
pieliminaiy investigation of the chaige against him, pioviueu that he iaises them
befoie enteiing his plea. The couit shall iesolve the mattei as eaily as piacticable
but not latei than the stait of the tiial of the case, (n)

!"#$ &&7
!-'@/. +4 )22".$0
SECTI0N 1. *"6)#, '( 011+,%8 0# #)% #2"0$=RIn all ciiminal piosecutions, the
accuseu shall be entitleu to the following iights:
244
(a) To be piesumeu innocent until the contiaiy is pioveu beyonu
ieasonable uoubt.
(b) To be infoimeu of the natuie anu cause of the accusation against
him.
(c) To be piesent anu uefenu in peison anu by counsel at eveiy stage
of the pioceeuings, fiom aiiaignment to piomulgation of the juugment. The
accuseu may, howevei, waive his piesence at the tiial puisuant to the
stipulations set foith in his tail, unless his piesence is specifically oiueieu by
the couit foi puiposes of iuentification. The absence of the accuseu without
justifiable cause at the tiial of which he hau notice shall be consiueieu a waivei
of his iight to be piesent theieat. When an accuseu unuei custouy escapes, he
shall be ueemeu to have waiveu his iight to be piesent on all subsequent tiial
uates until custouy ovei him is iegaineu. 0pon motion, the accuseu may be
alloweu to uefenu himself in peison when it sufficiently appeais to the couit
that he can piopeily piotect his iights without the assistance of counsel.
(u) To testify as a witness in his own behalf but subject to cioss-
examination on matteis coveieu by uiiect examination. Bis silence shall not in
any mannei piejuuice him.
(e) To be exempt fiom being compelleu to be a witness against
himself.
(f) To confiont anu cioss-examine the witnesses against him at the
tiial. Eithei paity may utilize as pait of its eviuence the testimony of a witness
who is ueceaseu, out of oi can not with uue uiligence be founu in the
Philippines, unavailable, oi otheiwise unable to testify, given in anothei case
oi pioceeuing, juuicial oi auministiative, involving the same paities anu
subject mattei, the auveise paity having the oppoitunity to cioss-examine
him.
(g) To have compulsoiy piocess issueu to secuie the attenuance of
witnesses anu piouuction of othei eviuence in his behalf.
(h) To have speeuy, impaitial anu public tiial.
(i) To appeal in all cases alloweu anu in the mannei piesciibeu by
law. (1a)

24S


!"#$ &&9
)!!)-'(8$(/ )(0 *#$)
SECTI0N 1. H220"6.9%.# 0.8 3$%0? )'/ 908%=
(a) The accuseu must be aiiaigneu befoie the couit wheie the
complaint oi infoimation was fileu oi assigneu foi tiial. The aiiaignment shall
be maue in open couit by the juuge oi cleik by fuinishing the accuseu with a
copy of the complaint oi infoimation, ieauing the same in the language oi
uialect known to him, anu asking him whethei he pleaus guilty oi not guilty.
The piosecution may call at the tiial witnesses othei than those nameu in the
complaint oi infoimation.
(b) The accuseu must be piesent at the aiiaignment anu must
peisonally entei his plea. Both aiiaignment anu plea shall be maue of iecoiu,
but failuie to uo so shall not affect the valiuity of the pioceeuings.
(c) When the accuseu iefuses to pleau oi makes a conuitional plea, a
plea of not guilty shall be enteieu foi him. (1a)
(u) When the accuseu pleaus guilty but piesents exculpatoiy
eviuence, his plea shall be ueemeu withuiawn anu a plea of not guilty shall be
enteieu foi him. (n)
(e) When the accuseu is unuei pieventive uetention, his case shall be
iaffleu anu its iecoius tiansmitteu to the juuge to whom the case was iaffleu
within thiee (S) uays fiom the filing of the infoimation oi complaint. The
accuseu shall be aiiaigneu within ten (1u) uays fiom the uate of the iaffle. The
pie-tiial confeience of his case shall be helu within ten (1u) uays aftei
aiiaignment, (n)
(f) The piivate offenueu paity shall be iequiieu to appeai at the
246
aiiaignment foi puiposes of plea baigaining, ueteimination of civil liability,
anu othei matteis iequiiing his piesence. In case of failuie of the offenueu
paity to appeai uespite uue notice, the couit may allow the accuseu to entei a
plea of guilty to a lessei offense which is necessaiily incluueu in the offense
chaigeu with the confoimity of the tiial piosecutoi alone, (cii. 1-89)
(g) 0nless a shoitei peiiou is pioviueu by special law oi Supieme
Couit ciiculai, the aiiaignment shall be helu within thiity (Su) uays fiom the
uate the couit acquiies juiisuiction ovei the peison of the accuseu. The time of
the penuency of a motion to quash oi foi a bill of paiticulais oi othei causes
justifying suspension of the aiiaignment shall be excluueu in computing the
peiiou, (sec. 2, cii. S8-98)
SEC. 2. D$%0 '( 6+"$#; #' 0 $%,,%2 '((%.,%=At aiiaignment, the accuseu, with the
consent of the offenueu paity anu the piosecutoi, may be alloweu by the tiial couit
to pleau guilty to a lessei offense which is necessaiily incluueu in the offense
chaigeu. Aftei aiiaignment but befoie tiial, the accuseu may still be alloweu to
pleau guilty to saiu lessei offense aftei withuiawing his plea of not guilty. No
amenument of the complaint oi infoimation is necessaiy. (sec. 4, cii. S8-98)
SEC. S. D$%0 '( 6+"$#; #' capital '((%.,%? 2%1%3#"'. '( %7"8%.1%=When the
accuseu pleaus guilty to a capital offense, the couit shall conuuct a seaiching inquiiy
into the voluntaiiness anu full compiehension of the consequences of his plea anu
shall iequiie the piosecution to piove his guilt anu the piecise uegiee of culpability.
The accuseu may piesent eviuence in his behalf. (Sa)
SEC. 4. D$%0 '( 6+"$#; #' .'.F103"#0$ '((%.,%? 2%1%3#"'. '( %7"8%.1%<
8",12%#"'.02;=When the accuseu pleaus guilty to a non--capital offense, the couit
may ieceive eviuence fiom the paities to ueteimine the penalty to be imposeu. (4)
SEC. S. C"#)820/0$ '( "932'7"8%.# 3$%0 '( 6+"$#;=At any time befoie the
juugment of conviction becomes final, the couit may peimit an impioviuent plea of
guilty to be withuiawn anu be substituteu by a plea of not guilty. (S)
SEC. 6. K+#; '( 1'+2# #' ".('29 011+,%8 '( )", 2"6)# #' 1'+.,%$=Befoie
aiiaignment, the couit shall infoim the accuseu of his iight to counsel anu ask him if
he uesiies to have one. 0nless the accuseu is alloweu to uefenu himself in peison oi
has employeu counsel of his choice, the couit must assign a counsel 8% '("1"' to
uefenu him. (6a)
SEC. 7. H33'".#9%.# '( 1'+.,%$ 8% '("1"'=The couit, consiueiing the giavity of
the offense anu the uifficulty of the questions that may aiise, shall appoint as
counsel 8% '("1"' such membeis of the bai in goou stanuing who, by ieason of theii
247
expeiience anu ability, can competently uefenu the accuseu. But in localities wheie
such membeis of the bai aie not available, the couit may appoint any peison,
iesiuent of the piovince anu of goou iepute foi piobity anu ability, to uefenu the
accuseu. (7a)
SEC. 8. !"9% ('2 1'+.,%$ 8% '("1"' #' 32%302% ('2 0220"6.F9%.#=Whenevei a
counsel 8% '("1"' is appointeu by the couit to uefenu the accuseu at the aiiaignment,
he shall be given a ieasonable time to consult with the accuseu as to his plea befoie
pioceeuing with the aiiaignment. (8)
SEC. 9. Q"$$ '( paiticulai The accuseu may, befoie aiiaignment, move foi a
bill of paiticulais to enable him piopeily to pleau anu piepaie foi tiial. The motion
shall specify the allegeu uefects of the complaint oi infoimation anu the uetails
uesiieu. (1ua)
SEC. 1u. D2'8+1#"'. '2 ".,3%1#"'. '( 90#%2"0$ %7"8%.1% ". 3ossession '(
32',%1+#"'.=0pon motion of the accuseu showing goou cause anu with notice to
the paities, the couit, in oiuei to pievent suipiise, suppiession, oi alteiation, may
oiuei the piosecution to piouuce anu peimit the inspection anu copying oi
photogiaphing of any wiitten statement given by the complainant anu othei
witnesses in any investigation of the offense conuucteu by the piosecution oi othei
investigating officeis, as well as any uesignateu uocuments, papeis, books, accounts,
letteis, photogiaphs, objects, oi tangible things not otheiwise piivilegeu, which
constitute oi contain eviuence mateiial to any mattei involveu in the case anu which
aie in possession oi unuei the contiol of the piosecution, police, oi othei law
investigating agencies. (11a)
SEC. 11. >+,3%.,"'. '( 0220"6.9%.#.-0pon motion by the piopei paity, the
aiiaignment shall be suspenueu in the following cases:
(a) The accuseu appeais to be suffeiing fiom an unsounu mental
conuition which effectively ienueis him unable to fully unueistanu the chaige
against him anu to pleau intelligently theieto. In such case, the couit shall
oiuei his mental examination anu, if necessaiy, his confinement foi such
puipose;
(b) Theie exists a piejuuicial question; anu
(c) A petition foi ieview of the iesolution of the piosecutoi is
penuing at eithei the Bepaitment of }ustice, oi the 0ffice of the Piesiuent;
32'7"8%8, that the peiiou of suspension shall not exceeu sixty (6u) uays
counteu fiom the filing of the petition with the ieviewing office. (12a)
248



!"#$ &&;
8+/-+( /+ G").@
SECTI0N 1. !"9% #' 9'7% #' V+0,).-At any time befoie enteiing his plea, the
accuseu may move to quash the complaint foi infoimation. (1)
SEC. 2. T'29 0.8 1'.#%.#,.-The motion to quash shall be in wiiting, signeu by
the accuseu oi his counsel anu shall uistinctly specify its factual anu legal giounus.
The couit shall consiuei no giounu othei than those stateu in the motion, except
lack of juiisuiction ovei the offense chaigeu (2a)
SEC. S. M2'+.8,=-The accuseu may move to quash the complaint oi infoimation
on any of following giounus:
(a) That the facts chaigeu uo not constitute an offense;
(b) That the couit tiying the case has no juiisuiction ovei the
offense chaigeu;
(c) That the couit tiying the case has no juiisuiction ovei the peison
of the accuseu;
(u) That the officei who fileu the infoimation hau no
authoiity to uo so;
(e) That it uoes not confoim substantially to the piesciibeu foim;
(f) That moie than one offense is chaigeu except when a single
punishment foi vaiious offenses is piesciibeu by law;
249
(g) That the ciiminal action oi liability has been extinguisheu;
(h) That it contains aveiments which, if tiue, woulu
constitute a legal excuse oi justification; anu
(i) That the accuseu has been pieviously convicteu oi acquitteu of
the offense chaigeu, oi the case against him was uismisseu oi otheiwise
teiminateu without his expiess consent. (Sa)
SEC. 4. H9%.89%.# '( 1'93$0".# '2 ".('290#"'.=If the motion to quash is
baseu on an allegeu uefect of the complaint oi infoimation which can be cuieu by
amenument, the couit shall oiuei that an amenument be maue. (4a);
If it is baseu on the giounu that the facts chaigeu uo not constitute an offense,
the piosecution shall be given by the couit an oppoitunity to coiiect the uefect by
amenument. The motion shall be gianteu if the piosecution fails to make the
amenument, oi the complaint oi infoimation still suffeis fiom the same uefect
uespite the amenument, (n)
SEC. S. J((%1# '( ,+,#0".".6 #)% 9'#"'. #' V+0,)=If the motion to quash is
sustaineu, the couit may oiuei that anothei complaint oi infoimation be fileu except
as pioviueu in section 6 of this Rule. If the oiuei is maue, the accuseu, if in custouy,
shall not be uischaigeu unless aumitteu to bail. If no oiuei is maue oi if having been
maue, no new infoimation is fileu within the time specifieu in the oiuei oi within
such fuithei time as the couit may allow foi goou cause, the accuseu, if in custouy,
shall be uischaigeu unless he is also in custouy foi anothei chaige. (Sa)
SEC. 6. :28%2 ,+,#0".".6 #)% 9'#"'. #' V+0,) .'# 0 402 #' 0.'#)%2 32',%1+#"'.?
%L1%3#"'.=An oiuei sustaining the motion to quash is not a bai to anothei
piosecution foi the same offense unless the motion was baseu on the giounus
specifieu in section S (g) anu (i) of this Rule. (6a)
SEC. 7. T'29%2 1'.7"1#"'. '2 01V+"##0$? 8'+4$% B%'3028;=When an accuseu has
been convicteu oi acquitteu, oi the case against him uismisseu oi otheiwise
teiminateu without his expiess consent by a couit of competent juiisuiction, upon a
valiu complaint oi infoimation oi othei foimal chaige sufficient in foim anu
substance to sustain a conviction anu aftei the accuseu hau pleaueu to the chaige,
the conviction oi acquittal of the accuseu oi the uismissal of the case shall be a bai
to anothei piosecution foi the offense chaigeu, oi foi any attempt to commit the
same oi fiustiation theieof, oi foi any offense which necessaiily incluues oi is
necessaiily incluueu in the offense chaigeu in the foimei complaint oi infoimation.
Bowevei, the conviction of the accuseu shall not be a bai to anothei
2Su
piosecution foi an offense which necessaiily incluues the offense chaigeu in the
foimei complaint oi infoimation unuei any of the following instances:
(a) the giavei offense uevelopeu uue to supeivening facts aiising
fiom the same act oi omission constituting the foimei chaige;
(b) the facts constituting the giavei chaige became known oi weie
uiscoveieu only aftei a plea was enteieu in the foimei complaint oi
infoimation; oi
(c) the plea of guilty to the lessei offense was maue without the
consent of the piosecutoi anu of the offenueu paity except as pioviueu in
section 1(f) of Rule 116.
In any of the foiegoing cases, wheie the accuseu satisfies oi seives in whole oi
in pait the juugment, he shall be cieuiteu with the same in the event of conviction
foi the giavei offense. (7a)
SEC. 8. D2'7","'.0$ 8",9",,0$=A case shall not be piovisionally uismisseu
except with the expiess consent of the accuseu anu with notice to the offenueu
paity.
The piovisional uismissal of offenses punishable by impiison-ment not
exceeuing six (6) yeais oi a fine of any amount, oi both, shall become peimanent
one (1) yeai aftei issuance of the oiuei without the case having been ieviveu. With
iespect to offenses punishable by impiisonment of moie than six (6) yeais, theii
piovisional uismissal shall become peimanent two (2) yeais aftei issuance of the
oiuei without the case having been ieviveu, (n)
SEC. 9. T0"$+2% #' 9'7% #' V+0,) '2 #' 0$$%6% 0.; 62'+.8 #)%2%('2=The failuie
of the accuseu to asseit any giounu of a motion to quash befoie he pleaus to the
complaint oi infoimation, eithei because he uiu not file a motion to quash oi faileu
to allege the same in saiu motion, shall be ueemeu a waivei of any objections except
those baseu on the giounus pioviueu foi in paiagiaphs (a), (b), (g), anu (i) of section
S of this Rule. (8a)

!"#$ &&<
2S1
*!$E/!-)#
SECTI0N 1. D2%F#2"0$? 90.80#'2; ". 12"9".0$ 10,%,=In all ciiminal cases
cognizable by the Sanuiganbayan, Regional Tiial Couit, Netiopolitan Tiial Couit,
Nunicipal Tiial Couit in Cities, Nunicipal Tiial Couit anu Nunicipal Ciicuit Tiial
Couit, the couit shall, aftei aiiaignment anu within thiity (Su) uays fiom the uate
the couit acquiies juiisuiction ovei the peison of the accuseu, unless a shoitei
peiiou is pioviueu foi in special laws oi ciiculais of the Supieme Couit, oiuei a pie-
tiial confeience to consiuei the following:
(a) plea baigaining;
(b) stipulation of facts;
(c) maiking foi iuentification of eviuence of the paities;
(u) waivei of objections to aumissibility of eviuence;
(e) mouification of the oiuei of tiial if the accuseu aumits the chaige
but inteiposes a lawful uefense; anu
(f) such matteis as will piomote a faii anu expeuitious tiial of the
ciiminal anu civil aspects of the case. (secs. 2 anu S, cii. S8-98)
SEC. 2. D2%F#2"0$ 062%%9%.#=All agieements oi aumissions maue oi enteieu
uuiing the pie-tiial confeience shall be ieuuceu in wiiting anu signeu by the
accuseu anu counsel, otheiwise, they cannot be useu against the accuseu. The
agieements coveiing the matteis iefeiieu to in section 1 of this Rule shall be
appioveu by the couit, (sec. 4, cii. S8-98)
SEC. S. E'.F033%020.1% 0# 32%F#2"0$ 1'.(%2%.1%=If the counsel foi the accuseu
oi the piosecutoi uoes not appeai at the pie-tiial confeience anu uoes not offei an
acceptable excuse foi his lack of coopeiation, the couit may impose piopei
sanctions oi penalties, (sec. S, cii. S8-98)
SEC. 4. D2%F#2"0$ '28%2=Aftei the pie-tiial confeience, the couit shall issue an
oiuei ieciting the actions taken, the facts stipulateu, anu eviuence maikeu. Such
oiuei shall binu the paities, limit the tiial to matteis not uisposeu of, anu contiol the
couise of the action uuiing the tiial, unless mouifieu by the couit to pievent
manifest injustice. (S)

2S2
!"#$ &&=
/!-)#
SECTI0N 1. !"9% #' 32%302% ('2 #2"0$=RAftei a plea of not guilty is enteieu, the
accuseu shall have at least fifteen (1S) uays to piepaie foi tiial. The tiial shall
commence within thiity (Su) uays fiom ieceipt of the pie-tiial oiuei, (sec. 6, cii. S8-
98)
SEC. 2. 5'.#".+'+, #2"0$ +.#"$ #%29".0#%8? 3',#3'.%9%.#,=Tiial once
commenceu shall continue fiom uay to uay as fai as piacticable until teiminateu. It
may be postponeu foi a ieasonable peiiou of time foi goou cause. (2a)
The couit, shall, aftei consultation with the piosecutoi anu uefense counsel,
set the case foi continuous tiial on a weekly oi othei shoit-teim tiial calenuai at the
eailiest possible time so as to ensuie speeuy tiial. In no case shall the entiie tiial
peiiou exceeu one hunuieu eighty (18u) uays fiom the fiist uay of tiial, except as
otheiwise authoiizeu by the Supieme Couit, (sec. 8, cii. S8-98).
The time limitations pioviueu unuei this section anu the pieceuing section
shall not apply wheie special laws oi ciiculais of the Supieme Couit pioviue foi a
shoitei peiiou of tiial, (n)
SEC. S. JL1$+,"'.,=The following peiious of uelay shall be excluueu in
computing the time within which tiial must commence:
(a) Any peiiou of uelay iesulting fiom othei pioceeuings conceining
the accuseu, incluuing but not limiteu to the following:
(1) Belay iesulting fiom an examination of the physical anu mental
conuition of the accuseu;
(2) Belay iesulting fiom pioceeuings with iespect to othei ciiminal chaiges
against the accuseu;
(S) Belay iesulting fiom extiaoiuinaiy iemeuies against inteilocutoiy
oiueis;
(4) Belay iesulting fiom pie-tiial pioceeuings; pioviueu, that the
uelay uoes not exceeu thiity (Su) uays;
2SS
(S) Belay iesulting fiom oiueis of inhibition, oi pioceeuings ielating
to change of venue of cases oi tiansfei fiom othei couits;
(6) Belay iesulting fiom a finuing of the existence of a piejuuicial question;
anu
(7) Belay ieasonably attiibutable to any peiiou, not to exceeu thiity
(Su) uays, uuiing which any pioceeuing conceining the accuseu is actually unuei
auvisement.
(b) Any peiiou of uelay iesulting fiom the absence oi
unavailability of an essential witness.
Foi puiposes of this subpaiagiaph, an essential witness shall be
consiueieu absent when his wheieabouts aie unknown oi his wheieabouts
cannot be ueteimineu by uue uiligence. Be shall be consiueieu unavailable
whenevei his wheieabouts aie known but his piesence foi tiial cannot be
obtaineu by uue uiligence.
(c) Any peiiou of uelay iesulting fiom the mental incom-petence oi
physical inability of the accuseu to stanu tiial.
(u) If the infoimation is uismisseu upon motion of the
piosecution anu theieaftei a chaige is fileu against the accuseu foi the same
offense, any peiiou of uelay fiom the uate the chaige was uismisseu to the uate
the time limitation woulu commence to iun as to the subsequent chaige hau
theie been no pievious chaige.
(e) A ieasonable peiiou of uelay when the accuseu is joineu foi tiial
with a co-accuseu ovei whom the couit has not acquiieu juiisuiction, oi, as to
whom the time foi tiial has not iun anu no motion foi sepaiate tiial has been
gianteu.
(f) Any peiiou of uelay iesulting fiom a continuance gianteu by any
couit motu piopiio, oi on motion of eithei the accuseu oi his counsel, oi the
piosecution, if the couit gianteu the continuance on the basis of its finuings set
foith in the oiuei that the enus of justice seiveu by taking such action
outweigh the best inteiest of the public anu the accuseu in a speeuy tiial. (sec.
9, cii. S8-98)
SEC. 4. T01#'2, ('2 620.#".6 1'.#".+0.1%=The following factois, among otheis,
shall be consiueieu by a couit in ueteimining whethei to giant a continuance unuei
section S(f) of this Rule.
2S4
(a) Whethei oi not the failuie to giant a continuance in the
pioceeuing woulu likely make a continuation of such pioceeuing impossible oi
iesult in a miscaiiiage of justice; anu
(b) Whethei oi not the case taken as a whole is so novel, unusual
anu complex, uue to the numbei of accuseu oi the natuie of the piosecution, oi
that it is unieasonable to expect auequate piepaiation within the peiious of
time establisheu theiein.
In auuition, no continuance unuei section S(f) of this Rule shall be gianteu
because of congestion of the couit's calenuai oi lack of uiligent piepaiation oi
failuie to obtain available witnesses on the pait of the piosecutoi, (sec. 1u, cii. S8-
98)
SEC. S. !"9% $"9"# ('$$'/".6 0. '28%2 ('2 .%/ #2"0$=If the accuseu is to be tiieu
again puisuant to an oiuei foi a new tiial, the tiial shall commence within thiity
(Su) uays fiom notice of the oiuei, pioviueu that if the peiiou becomes impiactical
uue to unavailability of witnesses anu othei factois, the couit may extenu it but not
to exceeu one hunuieu eighty (18u) uays fiom notice of saiu oiuei foi a new tiial,
(sec. 11, cii. S8-98)
SEC. 6. JL#%.8%8 #"9% $"9"#=Notwithstanuing the piovisions of section 1(g),
Rule 116 anu the pieceuing section 1, foi the fiist twelve-calenuai-month peiiou
following its effectivity on Septembei 1S, 1998, the time limit with iespect to the
peiiou fiom aiiaignment to tiial imposeu by saiu piovision shall be one hunuieu
eighty (18u) uays. Foi the seconu twelve-month peiiou, the time limit shall be one
hunuieu twenty (12u) uays, anu foi the thiiu twelve-month peiiou, the time limit
shall be eighty (8u) uays, (sec. 7, cii. S8-98)
SEC. 7. D+4$"1 0##'2.%;a, 8+#"%, /)%2% 011+,%8 ", "932",'.%8=If the public
attoiney assigneu to uefenu a peison chaigeu with a ciime knows that the lattei is
pieventively uetaineu, eithei because he is chaigeu with a bailable ciime but has no
means to post bail, oi, is chaigeu with a non-bailable ciime, oi, is seiving a teim of
impiisonment in any penal institution, it shall be his uuty to uo the following:
(a) Shall piomptly unueitake to obtain the piesence of the piisonei
foi tiial oi cause a notice to be seiveu on the peison having custouy of the
piisonei iequiiing such peison to so auvise the piisonei of his iight to uemanu
tiial.
(b) 0pon ieceipt of that notice, the custouian of the piisonei shall
piomptly auvise the piisonei of the chaige anu of his iight to uemanu tiial. If
at anytime theieaftei the, piisonei infoims his custouian that he uemanus
2SS
such tiial, the lattei shall cause notice to that effect to be sent piomptly to the
public attoiney.
(c) 0pon ieceipt of such notice, the public attoiney shall piomptly
seek to obtain the piesence of the piisonei foi tiial.
(u) When the custouian of the piisonei ieceives fiom the public
attoiney a piopeily suppoiteu iequest foi the availability of the piisonei foi
puiposes of tiial, the piisonei shall be maue available accoiuingly, (sec. 12, cii.
S8-98)
SEC. 8. >0.1#"'.,=RIn any case in which piivate counsel foi the accuseu, the
public attoiney, oi the piosecutoi:
(a) Knowingly allows the case to be set foi tiial without uisclosing
that a necessaiy witness woulu be unavailable foi tiial;
(b) Files a motion solely foi uelay which he knows is totally
fiivolous anu without meiit;
(c) Nakes a statement foi the puipose of obtaining
continuance which he knows to be false anu which is mateiial to the gianting
of a continuance; oi
(u) Willfully fails to pioceeu to tiial without justification consistent
with the piovisions heieof, the couit may punish such counsel, attoiney, oi
piosecutoi, as follows:
(1) By imposing on a counsel piivately ietaineu in connection with
the uefense of an accuseu, a fine not exceeu-ing twenty thousanu
pesos (P2u,uuu.uu);
(2) By imposing on any appointeu counsel 8% '("1"'<
public attoiney, oi piosecutoi a fine not exceeuing five thousanu
pesos (PS.uuu.uu); anu
(S) By uenying any uefense counsel oi piosecutoi the iight to
piactice befoie the couit tiying the case foi a peiiou not exceeuing
thiity (Su) uays. The punishment pioviueu foi by this section shall be
without piejuuice to any appiopiiate
ciiminal action oi othei sanction authoiizeu unuei these iules.
(sec. 1S, cii. S8-98)
SEC. 9. *%9%8; /)%2% 011+,%8 ", .'# 42'+6)# #' #2"0$ /"#)". #)% #"9% $"9"#=If
2S6
the accuseu is not biought to tiial within the time limit iequiieu by Section 1(g),
Rule 116 anu Section 1, as extenueu by Section 6 of this iule, the infoimation may be
uismisseu on motion of the accuseu on the giounu of uenial of his iight to speeuy
tiial. The accuseu shall have the buiuen of pioving the motion but the piosecution
shall have the buiuen of going foiwaiu with the eviuence to establish the exclusion
of time unuei section S of this Rule. The uismissal shall be subject to the iules on
uouble jeopaiuy.
Failuie of the accuseu to move foi uismissal piioi to tiial shall constitute a
waivei of the iight to uismiss unuei this section, (sec. 14, cii. S8-98)
SEC. 1u. W0/ '. ,3%%8; #2"0$ .'# 0 402 #' 32'7","'. '. ,3%%8; #2"0$ ". #)%
5'.,#"#+#"'.=No piovision of law on speeuy tiial anu no iule implementing the
same shall be inteipieteu as a bai to any chaige of uenial of the iight to speeuy tiial
guaianteeu by section 14(2), aiticle III, of the 1987 Constitution, (sec. 1S, cii. S8-98)
SEC. 11. :28%2 '( #2"0$=RThe tiial shall pioceeu in the following oiuei:
(a) The piosecution shall piesent eviuence to piove the chaige anu,
in the piopei case, the civil liability.
(b) The accuseu may piesent eviuence to piove his uefense anu
uamages, if any, aiising fiom the issuance of a piovisional iemeuy in the case.
(c) The piosecution anu the uefense may, in that oiuei, piesent
iebuttal anu sui-iebuttal eviuence unless the couit, in fuitheiance of justice,
peimits them to piesent auuitional eviuence beaiing upon the main issue.
(u) 0pon aumission of the eviuence of the paities, the case shall be
ueemeu submitteu foi uecision unless the couit uiiects them to aigue oially oi
to submit wiitten memoianua.
(e) When the accuseu aumits the act oi omission chaigeu in the
complaint oi infoimation but inteiposes a lawful uefense, the oiuei of tiial
may be mouifieu. (Sa)
SEC. 12. H33$"10#"'. ('2 %L09".0#"'. '( /"#.%,, ('2 011+,%8 4%('2% #2"0$=When
the accuseu has been helu to answei foi an offense, he may, upon motion with
notice to the othei paities, have witnesses conuitionally examineu in his behalf. The
motion shall state: (a) the name anu iesiuence of the witness; (b) the substance of
his testimony; anu (c) that the witness is sick oi infiim as to affoiu ieasonable
giounu foi believing that he will not be able to attenu the tiial, oi iesiues moie than
one hunuieu (1uu) kilometeis fiom the place of tiial anu has no means to attenu the
same, oi that othei similai ciicumstances exist that woulu make him
2S7
unavailable oi pievent him fiom attenuing the tiial. The motion shall be suppoiteu
by an affiuavit of the accuseu anu such othei eviuence as the couit may iequiie. (4a)
SEC. 1S. JL09".0#"'. '( 8%(%.,% /"#.%,,? )'/ 908%=If the couit is satisfieu
that the examination of a witness foi the accuseu is necessaiy, an oiuei shall be
maue uiiecting that the witness be examineu at a specific uate, time anu place anu
that a copy of the oiuei be seiveu on the piosecutoi at least thiee (S) uays befoie
the scheuuleu examination. The examination shall be taken befoie a juuge, oi, if not
piacticable, a membei of the Bai in goou stanuing so uesignateu by the juuge in the
oiuei, oi if the oiuei be maue by a couit of supeiioi juiisuiction, befoie an infeiioi
couit to be uesignateu theiein. The examination shall pioceeu notwithstanu-ing the
absence of the piosecutoi pioviueu he was uuly notifieu of the heaiing. A wiitten
iecoiu of the testimony shall be taken. (Sa)
SEC. 14. Q0"$ #' ,%1+2% 033%020.1% '( 90#%2"0$ /"#.%,,=When the couit is
satisfieu, upon pioof oi oath, that a mateiial witness will not testify when iequiieu,
it may, upon motion of eithei paity, oiuei the witness to post bail in such sum as
may be ueemeu piopei. 0pon iefusal to post bail, the couit shall commit him to
piison until he complies, oi is legally uischaigeu aftei his testimony has been taken.
(6a)
SEC. 1S. JL09".0#"'. '( /"#.%,, ('2 #)% 32',%1+#"'.=When it satisfactoiily
appeais that a witness foi the piosecution is too sick oi infiim to appeai at the tiial
as uiiecteu by the couit, oi has to leave the Philippines with no uefinite uate of
ietuining, he may foithwith be conuitionally examineu befoie the couit wheie the
case is penuing. Such examination, in the piesence of the accuseu, oi in his absence
aftei ieasonable notice to attenu the examination has been seiveu on him, shall be
conuucteu in the same mannei as an examination of the tiial. Failuie oi iefusal of
the accuseu to attenu the examination aftei notice shall be consiueieu a waivei. The
statement taken may be aumitteu in behalf of oi against the accuseu. (7a)
SEC. 16. !2"0$ '( ,%7%20$ 011+,%8=When two oi moie accuseu aie jointly
chaigeu with an offense, they shall be tiieu jointly unless the couit, in its uiscietion
anu upon motion of the piosecutoi oi any accuseu, oiueis sepaiate tiial foi one oi
moie accuseu. (8a)
SEC. 17. K",1)026% '( 011+,%8 #' 4% ,#0#% /"#.%,,=When two oi moie peisons
aie jointly chaigeu with the commission of any offense, upon motion of the
piosecution befoie iesting its case, the couit may uiiect one oi moie of the accuseu
to be uischaigeu with theii consent so that they may be witnesses foi the state
when, aftei iequiiing the piosecution to piesent eviuence anu the swoin statement
of each pioposeu state witness at a heaiing in suppoit of the uischaige, the couit is
2S8
satisfieu that:
(a) Theie is absolute necessity foi the testimony of the accuseu
whose uischaige is iequesteu;
(b) Theie is no othei uiiect eviuence available foi the piopei
piosecution of the offense committeu, except the testimony of saiu accuseu;
(c) The testimony of saiu accuseu can be substantially
coiioboiateu in its mateiial points;
(u) Saiu accuseu uoes not appeai to be the most guilty; anu
(e) Saiu accuseu has not at any time been convicteu of any offense
involving moial tuipituue.
Eviuence auuuceu in suppoit of the uischaige shall automatically foim pait of
the tiial. If the couit uenies the motion foi uischaige of the accuseu as state witness,
his swoin statement shall be inaumissible in eviuence. (9a)
SEC. 18. K",1)026% '( 011+,%8 '3%20#%, 0, 01V+"##0$.The oiuei inuicateu in the
pieceuing section shall amount to an acquittal of the uischaigeu accuseu anu shall
be a bai to futuie piosecution foi the same offense, unless the accuseu fails oi
iefuses to testify against his co-accuseu in accoiuance with his swoin statement
constituting the basis foi his uischaige. (1ua)
SEC. 19. C)%. 9",#0I% )0, 4%%. 908% ". 1)026".6 #)% 32'3%2 '((%.,%=When it
becomes manifest at any time befoie juugment that a mistake has been maue in
chaiging the piopei offense anu the accuseu cannot be convicteu of the offense
chaigeu oi any othei offense necessaiily incluueu theiein, the accuseu shall not be
uischaigeu if theie appeais goou cause to uetain him. In such case, the couit shall
commit the accuseu to answei foi the piopei offense anu uismiss the oiiginal case
upon the filing of the piopei infoimation. (11a)
SEC. 2u. H33'".#9%.# '( 01#".6 32',%1+#'2=When a piosecutoi, his assistant
oi ueputy is uisqualifieu to act uue to any of the giounus stateu in section 1 of Rule
1S7 oi foi any othei ieason, the juuge oi the piosecutoi shall communicate with the
Secietaiy of }ustice in oiuei that the lattei may appoint an acting piosecutoi. (12a)
SEC. 21. JL1$+,"'. '( #)% 3+4$"1=The juuge may, 9'#+ 32'32"'< excluue the
public fiom the couitioom if the eviuence to be piouuceu uuiing the tiial is
offensive to uecency oi public moials. Be may also, on motion of the accuseu,
excluue the public fiom the tiial except couit peisonnel anu the counsel of the
paities. (1Sa)
2S9
SEC. 22. 5'.,'$"80#"'. '( #2"0$, '( 2%$0#%8 '((%.,%,=RChaiges foi offenses
founueu on the same facts oi foiming pait of a seiies of offenses of similai chaiactei
may be tiieu jointly at the uiscietion of the couit. (14a)
SEC. 2S. K%9+22%2 #' %7"8%.1%=RAftei the piosecution iests its case, the couit
may uismiss the action on the giounu of insufficiency of eviuence (1) on its own
initiative aftei giving the piosecution the oppoitunity to be heaiu oi (2) upon
uemuiiei to eviuence fileu by the accuseu with oi without leave of couit
If the couit uenies the uemuiiei to eviuence fileu with leave of couit, the
accuseu may auuuce eviuence in his uefense. When the uemuiiei to eviuence is fileu
without leave of couit, the accuseu waives the iight to piesent eviuence anu submits
the case foi juugment on the basis of the eviuence foi the piosecution. (1Sa)
The motion foi leave of couit to file uemuiiei to eviuence shall specifically
state its giounus anu shall be fileu within a non-extenuible peiiou of five (S) uays
aftei the piosecution iests its case. The piosecution may oppose the motion within a
non-extenuible peiiou of five (S) uays fiom its ieceipt.
If leave of couit is gianteu, the accuseu shall file the uemuiiei to eviuence
within a non-extenuible peiiou of ten (1u) uays fiom notice. The piosecution may
oppose the uemuiiei to eviuence within a similai peiiou fiom its ieceipt.
The oiuei uenying the motion foi leave of couit to file uemuiiei to eviuence oi
the uemuiiei itself shall not be ieviewable by appeal oi by ceitioiaii befoie
juugment, (n)
SEC. 24. *%'3%.".6=At any time befoie finality of the juugment of conviction,
the juuge may, 9'#+ 32'32"' oi upon motion, with heaiing in eithei case, ieopen the
pioceeuings to avoiu a miscaiiiage of justice. The pioceeuings shall be teiminateu
within thiity (Su) uays fiom the oiuei gianting it. (n)

!"#$ &3>
D"0'8$(/
SECTI0N 1. @+869%.#? 8%("."#"'. 0.8 ('29=}uugment is the aujuuication by
26u
the couit that the accuseu is guilty oi not guilty of the offense chaigeu anu the
imposition on him of the piopei penalty anu civil liability, if any. It must be wiitten
in the official language, peisonally anu uiiectly piepaieu by the juuge anu signeu by
him anu shall contain cleaily anu uistinctly a statement of the facts anu the law upon
which it is baseu. (1a)
SEC. 2. 5'.#%.#, '( #)% B+869%.#=If the juugment is of conviction, it shall state
(1) the legal qualification of the offense constituteu by the acts committeu by the
accuseu anu the aggiavating oi mitigating ciicumstances which attenueu its
commission; (2) the paiticipation of the accuseu in the offense, whethei as piincipal,
accomplice, oi accessoiy aftei the fact; (S) the penalty imposeu upon the accuseu;
anu (4) the civil liability oi uamages causeu by his wiongful act oi omission to be
iecoveieu fiom the accuseu by the offenueu paity, if theie is any, unless the
enfoicement of the civil liability by a sepaiate civil action has been ieseiveu oi
waiveu.
In case the juugment is of acquittal, it shall state whethei the eviuence of the
piosecution absolutely faileu to piove the guilt of the accuseu oi meiely faileu to
piove his guilt beyonu ieasonable uoubt. In eithei case, the juugment shall
ueteimine if the act oi omission fiom which the civil liability might aiise uiu not
exist. (2a)
SEC. S. @+869%.# ('2 #/' '2 9'2% '((%.,%,=When two oi moie offenses aie
chaigeu in a single complaint oi infoimation but the accuseu fails to object to it
befoie tiial, the couit may convict him of as many offenses as aie chaigeu anu
pioveu, anu impose on him the penalty foi each offense, setting out sepaiately the
finuings of fact anu law in each offense. (Sa)
SEC. 4. @+869%.# ". 10,% '( 702"0.1% 4%#/%%. 0$$%60#"'. 0.8 32''(=When theie
is vaiiance between the offense chaige in the complaint oi infoimation anu that
pioveu, anu the offense as chaigeu is incluueu in oi necessaiily incluues the offense
pioveu, the accuseu shall be convicteu of the offense pioveu which is incluueu in the
offense chaigeu, oi of the offense chaigeu which is incluueu in the offense pioveu.
(4a)
SEC. S. C)%. 0. '((%.,% ".1$+8%, '2 ", ".1$+8%8 ". 0.'#)%2=RAn offense chaigeu
necessaiily incluues the offense pioveu when some of the essential elements oi
ingieuients of the foimei, as allegeu in the complaint oi infoimation, constitute the
lattei. Anu an offense chaigeu is necessaiily incluueu in the offense pioveu, when
the essential ingieuients of the foimei constitute oi foim pait of those constituting
the lattei. (Sa)
261
SEC. 6. D2'9+$60#"'. '( B+869%.#=The juugment is piomulgateu by ieauing it
in the piesence of the accuseu anu any juuge of the couit in which it was ienueieu.
Bowevei, if the conviction is foi a light offense, the juugment may be pionounceu in
the piesence of his counsel oi iepiesentative. When the juuge is absent oi outsiue
the piovince oi city, the juugment may be piomulgateu by the cleik of couit.
If the accuseu is confineu oi uetaineu in anothei piovince oi city, the juugment
may be piomulgateu by the executive juuge of the Regional Tiial Couit having
juiisuiction ovei the place of confinement oi uetention upon iequest of the couit
which ienueieu the juugment. The couit piomulgating the juugment shall have
authoiity to accept the notice of appeal anu to appiove the bail bonu penuing
appeal; pioviueu, that if the uecision of the tiial couit convicting the accuseu
changeu the natuie of the offense fiom non-bailable to bailable, the application foi
bail can only be fileu anu iesolveu by the appellate couit.
The piopei cleik of couit shall give notice to the accuseu peisonally oi thiough
his bonusman oi waiuen anu counsel, iequiiing him to be piesent at the
piomulgation of the uecision. If the accuseu was tiieu ". 04,%.#"0 because he jumpeu
bail oi escapeu fiom piison, the notice to him shall be seiveu at his last known
auuiess.
In case the accuseu fails to appeai at the scheuuleu uate of piomulgation of
juugment uespite notice, the piomulgation shall be maue by iecoiuing the juugment
in the ciiminal uocket anu seiving him a copy theieof at his last known auuiess oi
thiu his counsel.
If the juugment is foi conviction anu the failuie of the accuseu to appeai was
without justifiable cause, he shall lose the iemeuies available in these iules against
the juugment anu the couit shall oiuei his aiiest. Within fifteen (1S) uays fiom
piomulgation of juugment, howevei, the accuseu may suiienuei anu file a motion
foi leave of couit to avail of these iemeuies. Be shall state the ieasons foi his
absence at the scheuuleu piomulgation anu if he pioves that his absence was foi a
justifiable cause, he shall be alloweu to avail of saiu iemeuies within fifteen (1S)
uays fiom notice. (6a)
SEC. 7. A'8"("10#"'. '( B+869%.#=A juugment of conviction may, upon motion
of the accuseu, be mouifieu oi set asiue befoie it becomes final oi befoie appeal is
peifecteu. Except wheie the ueath penalty is imposeu, a juugment becomes final
aftei the lapse of the peiiou foi peifecting an appeal, oi when the sentence has been
paitially oi totally satisfieu oi seiveu, oi when the accuseu has waiveu in wiiting his
iight to appeal, oi has applieu foi piobation. (7a)
262
SEC. 8. J.#2; '( B+869%.#=Aftei a juugment has become final, it shall be
enteieu in accoiuance with Rule S6. (8)
SEC. 9. JL",#".6 32'7","'., 6'7%2.".6 ,+,3%.,"'. '( ,%.#%.1%< 32'40#"'. 0.8
302'$% .'# 0((%1#%8 4; #)", *+$%=Nothing in this Rule shall affect any existing
piovisions in the laws goveining suspension of sentence, piobation oi paiole. (9a)


!"#$ &3&
($? /!-)# +! !$2+(.-0$!)/-+(
SECTI0N 1. E%/ #2"0$ '2 2%1'.,"8%20#"'.=At any time befoie a juugment of
conviction becomes final, the couit may, on motion of the accuseu oi at its own
instance but with the consent of the accuseu, giant a new tiial oi ieconsiueiation.
(1a)
SEC. 2. M2'+.8, ('2 0 .%/ #2"0$=The couit shall giant a new tiial on any of the
following giounus:
(a) That eiiois of law oi iiiegulaiities piejuuicial to the substantial
iights of the accuseu have been committeu uuiing the tiial;
(b) That new anu mateiial eviuence has been uiscoveieu
which the accuseu coulu not with ieasonable uiligence have uiscoveieu anu
piouuceu at the tiial anu which if intiouuceu anu aumitteu woulu piobably
change the juugment. (2a)
SEC. S. M2'+.8 ('2 2%1'.,"8%20#"'.=The couit shall giant ieconsiueiation on
the giounu of eiiois of law oi fact in the juug-ment, which iequiies no fuithei
pioceeuings. (Sa)
SEC. 4. Foim '( 9'#"'. 0.8 .'#"1% {u #)% 32',%1+#'2=The motion foi new tiial
oi ieconsiueiation shall be in wiiting anu shall state the giounus on which it is
26S
baseu. If baseu on a newly-uiscoveieu eviuence, the motion must be suppoiteu by
affiuavits of witnesses by whom such eviuence is expecteu to be given oi by uuly
authenticateu copies of uocuments which aie pioposeu to be intiouuceu in
eviuence. Notice of the motion foi new tiial oi ieconsiueiation shall be given to the
piosecutoi. (4a)
SEC. S. S%02".6 '. 9'#"'.=Wheie a motion foi new tiial calls foi iesolution
of any question of fact, the couit may heai eviuence theieon by affiuavits oi
otheiwise. (Sa)
SEC. 6. J((%1#, '( 620.#".6 0 .%/ #2"0$ '2 2%1'.,"8%20#"'.= The effects of
gianting a new tiial oi ieconsiueiation aie the following:
(a) When a new tiial is gianteu on the giounu of eiiois of law oi
iiiegulaiities committeu uuiing the tiial, all the pioceeuings anu eviuence
affecteu theieby shall be set asiue anu taken anew. The couit may, in the
inteiest of justice, allow the intiouuction of auuitional eviuence.
(b) When a new tiial is gianteu on the giounu of newly-uiscoveieu
eviuence, the eviuence alieauy auuuceu shall stanu anu the newly-uiscoveieu
anu such othei eviuence as the couit may, in the inteiest of justice, allow to be
intiouuceu shall be taken anu consiueieu togethei with the eviuence alieauy
in the iecoiu.
(c) In all cases, when the couit giants new tiial oi
ieconsiueiation, the oiiginal juugment shall be set asiue oi vacateu anu a new
juugment ienueieu accoiuingly. (6a)

!"#$ &33
)**$)#
SECTI0N 1. C)' 90; 033%0$=Any paity may appeal fiom a juugment oi final
oiuei, unless the accuseu will be placeu in uouble jeopaiuy. (2a)
SEC. 2. C)%2% #' 033%0$=The appeal may be taken as follows:
(a) To the Regional Tiial Couit, in cases ueciueu by the
264
Netiopolitan Tiial Couit, Nunicipal Tiial Couit in Cities, Nunicipal
Tiial Couit, oi Nunicipal Ciicuit Tiial Couit;
(b) To the Couit of Appeals oi to the Supieme Couit in the piopei
cases pioviueu by law, in cases ueciueu by the Regional Tiial Couit; anu
(c) To the Supieme Couit, in cases ueciueu by the Couit of Appeals,
(1a)
SEC. S. S'/ 033%0$ #0I%..
(a) The appeal to the Regional Tiial Couit, oi to the Couit of Appeals
in cases ueciueu by the Regional Tiial Couit in the exeicise of its oiiginal
juiisuiction, shall be taken by filing a notice of appeal with the couit which
ienueieu the juugment oi final oiuei appealeu fiom anu by seiving a copy
theieof upon the auveise paity.
(b) The appeal to the Couit of Appeals in cases ueciueu by the
Regional Tiial Couit in the exeicise of its appellate juiisuiction shall be by
petition foi ieview unuei Rule 42.
(c) The appeal to the Supieme Couit in cases wheie the penalty
imposeu by the Regional Tiial Couit is ueath, 2%1$+,"'.
3%23%#+0< oi life impiisonment, oi wheie a lessei penalty is imposeu
but foi offenses committeu on the same occasion oi which aiose out of the
same occuiience that gave iise to the moie seiious offense foi which the
penalty of ueath, 2%1$+,"'. 3%23%#+0< oi life impiisonment is imposeu, shall be
by filing a notice of appeal in accoiuance with paiagiaph (a) of this section.
(u) No notice of appeal is necessaiy in cases wheie the ueath penalty
is imposeu by the Regional Tiial Couit. The same shall be
automatically ievieweu by the Supieme Couit as pioviueu in section 1u of
this Rule.
(e) Except as pioviueu in the last paiagiaph of section 1S, Rule 124,
all othei appeals to the Supieme Couit shall be by petition foi ieview on
ceitioiaii unuei Rule 4S. (Sa)
SEC. 4. D+4$"10#"'. '( .'#"1% '( 033%0$=If peisonal seivice of the copy of the
notice of appeal can not be maue upon the auveise paity oi his counsel, seivice may
be uone by iegisteieu mail oi by substituteu seivice puisuant to sections 7 anu 8 of
Rule 1S.(4a)
SEC. S. C0"7%2 '( .'#"1%=The appellee may waive his iight to a notice that an
appeal has been taken. The appellate couit may, in its uiscietion, enteitain an appeal
26S
notwithstanuing failuie to give such notice if the inteiests of justice so iequiie. (Sa)
SEC. 6. C)%. 033%0$< #' 4% #0I%.=An appeal must be taken within fifteen (1S)
uays fiom piomulgation of the juugment oi fiom notice of the final oiuei appealeu
fiom. This peiiou foi peifecting an appeal shall be suspenueu fiom the time a
motion foi new tiial oi ieconsiueiation is fileu until notice of the oiuei oveiiuling
the motion has been seiveu upon the accuseu oi his counsel at which time the
balance of the peiiou begins to iun. (6a)
SEC. 7. !20.,12"4".6 0.8 ("$".6 .'#%, '( ,#%.'6203)"1 2%3'2#%2 +3'. 033%0$=
When notice of appeal is fileu by the accuseu, the tiial couit shall uiiect the
stenogiaphic iepoitei to tiansciibe his notes of the pioceeuings. When fileu by the
People of the Philippines, the tiial couit shall uiiect the stenogiaphic iepoitei to
tiansciibe such poition of his notes of the pioceeuings as the couit, upon motion,
shall specify in wiiting. The stenogiaphic iepoitei shall ceitify to the coiiectness of
the notes anu the tiansciipt theieof, which shall consist of the oiiginal anu foui
copies, anu shall file saiu oiiginal anu foui copies with the cleik without
unnecessaiy uelay.
If ueath penalty is imposeu, the stenogiaphic iepoitei shall, within thiity (Su)
uays fiom piomulgation of the sentence, file with the cleik the oiiginal anu foui
copies of the uuly ceitifieu tiansciipt of his notes of the pioceeuings. No extension
of time foi filing of saiu tiansciipt of stenogiaphic notes shall be gianteu except by
the Supieme Couit anu only upon justifiable giounus. (7a)
SEC. 8. !20.,9",,"'. '( 303%2, #' 033%$$0#% 1'+2# +3'. 033%0$=Within five (S)
uays fiom the filing of the notice of appeal, the cleik of the couit with whom the
notice of appeal was fileu must tiansmit to the cleik of couit of the appellate couit
the complete iecoiu of the case, togethei with saiu notice. The oiiginal anu thiee
copies of the tiansciipt of stenogiaphic notes, togethei with the iecoius, shall also
be tiansmitteu to the cleik of the appellate couit without unuue uelay. The othei
copy of the tiansciipt shall iemain in the lowei couit. (8a)
SEC. 9. H33%0$ #' #)% *%6"'.0$ !2"0$ 5'+2#,=R
(a) Within five (S) uays fiom peifection of the appeal, the cleik of
couit shall tiansmit the oiiginal iecoiu to the appiopiiate Regional Tiial Couit.
(b) 0pon ieceipt of the complete iecoiu of the case,
tiansciipts anu exhibits, the cleik of couit of the Regional Tiial Couit shall
notify the paities of such fact.
(c) Within fifteen (1S) uays fiom ieceipt of saiu notice, the paities
266
may submit memoianua oi biiefs, oi may be iequiieu by the Regional Tiial
Couit to uo so. Aftei the submission of such memoianua oi biiefs, oi upon the
expiiation of the peiiou to file the same, the Regional Tiial Couit shall ueciue
the case on the basis of the entiie iecoiu of the case anu of such memoianua oi
biiefs as may have been fileu. (9a)
SEC. 1u. !20.,9",,"'. '( 2%1'28, ". 10,% '( 8%0#) 3%.0$#;= In all cases wheie
the ueath penalty is imposeu by the tiial couit, the iecoius shall be foiwaiueu to the
Supieme Couit foi automatic ieview anu juugment within five (S) uays aftei the
fifteenth (1S) uay following the piomulgation of the juugment oi notice of uenial of
a motion foi new tiial oi ieconsiueiation. The tiansciipt shall also be foiwaiueu
within ten (1u) uays aftei the filing theieof by the stenogiaphic iepoitei. (1ua)
SEC. 11. Effect of appeal by any of seveial accuseu.
(a) An appeal taken by one oi moie of seveial accuseu shall not
affect those who uiu not appeal, except insofai as the juugment of the appellate
couit is favoiable anu applicable to the lattei.
(b) The appeal of the offenueu paity fiom the civil aspect shall not
affect the ciiminal aspect of the juugment oi oiuei appealeu fiom.
(c) 0pon peifection of the appeal, the execution of the juugment oi
final oiuei appealeu fiom shall be stayeu as to the appealing paity, (11a)
SEC. 12. C"#)820/0$ '( 033%0$=Notwithstanuing peifect-ion of the appeal, the
Regional Tiial 'Couit, Netiopolitan Tiial Couit, Nunicipal Tiial Couit in Cities,
Nunicipal Tiial Couit, oi Nunicipal Ciicuit Tiial Couit, as the case may be, may
allow the appellant to withuiaw his appeal befoie the iecoiu has been foiwaiueu by
the cleik of couit to the piopei appellate couit as pioviueu in section 8, in which
case the juugment shall become final. The Regional Tiial Couit may also, in its
uiscietion, allow the appellant fiom the juugment of a Netiopolitan Tiial Couit,
Nunicipal Tiial Couit in Cities, Nunicipal Tiial Couit, oi Nunicipal Ciicuit Tiial
Couit to withuiaw his appeal, pioviueu a motion to that effect is fileu befoie
ienuition of the juugment in the case on appeal, in which case the juugment of the
couit of oiigin shall become final anu the case shall be iemanueu to the lattei couit
foi execution of the juugment. (12a)
SEC. 1S. H33'".#9%.# '( 1'+.,%$ 8% '("1"' ('2 011+,%8 '. 033%0$=It shall be the
uuty of the cleik of the tiial couit, upon filing of a notice of appeal, to asceitain fiom
the appellant, if confineu in piison, whethei he uesiies the Regional Tiial Couit,
Couit of Appeals oi the Supieme Couit to appoint a counsel 8% '("1"' to uefenu him
anu to tiansmit with the iecoiu on a foim to be piepaieu by the cleik of couit of the
267
appellate couit, a ceitificate of compliance with this uuty anu of the iesponse of the
appellant to his inquiiy. (1Sa)

!"#$ &35
*!+2$0"!$ -( /@$ 8"(-2-*)# /!-)# 2+"!/.
SECTI0N 1. G."('29 D2'1%8+2%=RThe pioceuuie to be obseiveu in the
Netiopolitan Tiial Couits, Nunicipal Tiial Couits anu Nunicipal Ciicuit Tiial Couits
shall be the same as in the Regional Tiial Couits, except wheie a paiticulai
piovision applies only to eithei of saiu couits anu in ciiminal cases goveineu by the
Reviseu Rule on Summaiy Pioceuuie, (1a)

!"#$ &36
*!+2$0"!$ -( /@$ 2+"!/ +4 )**$)#.
SECTI0N 1. !"#$% '( #)% 10,%=In all ciiminal cases appealeu to the Couit of
Appeals, the paity appealing the case shall be calleu the "appellant" anu the auveise
paity the "appellee," but the title of the case shall iemain as it was in the couit of
oiigin, (1a)
SEC. 2. H33'".#9%.# '( 1'+.,%$ 8% '("1"' ('2 #)% 011+,%8=If it appeais fiom the
iecoiu of the case as tiansmitteu that (a) the accuseu is confineu in piison, (b) is
without counsel 8% 302#% on appeal, oi (c) has signeu the notice of appeal himself,
the cleik of couit of the Couit of Appeals shall uesignate a counsel 8% '("1"'=
An appellant who is not confineu in piison may, upon iequest, be assigneu a
counsel 8% '("1"' within ten (1u) uays fiom ieceipt of the notice to file biief anu he
establishes his iight theieto. (2a)
268
SEC. S. C)%. 42"%( ('2 033%$$0.# #' 4% ("$%8=RWithin thiity (Su) uays fiom
ieceipt by the appellant oi his counsel of the notice fiom the cleik of couit of the
Couit of Appeals that the eviuence, oial anu uocumentaiy, is alieauy attacheu to the
iecoiu, the appellant shall file seven (7) copies of his biief with the cleik of couit
which shall be accompanieu by pioof of seivice of two (2) copies theieof upon the
appellee. (Sa)
SEC. 4. C)%. 42"%( ('2 033%$$%% #' 4% ("$%8? 2%3$; 42"%( '( #)% 033%$$0.#=Within
thiity (Su) uays fiom ieceipt of the biief of the appellant, the appellee shall file
seven (7) copies of the biief of the appellee with the cleik of couit which shall be
accompanieu by pioof of seivice of two (2) copies theieof upon the appellant.
Within twenty (2u) uays fiom ieceipt of the Biief of the appellee, the appellant
may file a ieply biief tiaveising matteis iaiseu in the foimei but not coveieu in the
biief of the appellant. (4a)
SEC. S. JL#%.,"'. '( #"9% ('2 ("$".6 42"%(,=Extension of time foi the filing of
biiefs will not be alloweu except foi goou anu sufficient cause anu only if the motion
foi extension is fileu befoie the expiiation of the time sought to be extenueu. (Sa)
SEC. 6. T'29 '( 42"%(,=Biiefs shall eithei be piinteu, encoueu oi typewiitten
in uouble space on legal size, goou quality unglazeu papei, SSu mm. in length by 216
mm. in wiuth. (6a)
SEC. 7. 5'.#%.#, '( 42"%(=The biiefs in ciiminal cases shall have the same
contents as pioviueu in sections 1S anu 14 of Rule 44. A ceitifieu tiue copy of the
uecision oi final oiuei appealeu fiom shall be appenueu to the biief of the appellant.
(7a)
SEC. 8. K",9",,0$ '( 033%0$ ('2 040.8'.9%.# '2 (0"$+2% #' 32',%1+#%=The Couit
of Appeals may, upon motion of the appellee oi 9'#+ 32'32"' anu with notice to the
appellant in eithei case, uismiss the appeal if the appellant fails to file his biief
within the time piesciibeu by this Rule, except wheie the appellant is iepiesenteu
by a counsel 8% '("1"'=
The Couit of Appeals may also, upon motion of the appellee oi 9'#+ 32'32"'<
uismiss the appeal if the appellant escapes fiom piison oi confinement, jumps bail
oi flees to a foieign countiy uuiing the penuency of the appeal. (8a)
SEC. 9. D2'93# 8",3',"#"'. '( 033%0$,=Appeals of accuseu who aie unuei
uetention shall be given pieceuence in theii uisposition ovei othei appeals. The
Couit of Appeals shall heai anu ueciue the appeal at the eailiest piacticable time
with uue iegaiu to the iights of the paities. The accuseu neeu not be piesent in
269
couit uuiing the heaiing of the appeal. (9a)
SEC. 1u. @+869%.# .'# #' 4% 2%7%2,%8 '2 9'8"("%8 %L1%3# ('2 ,+4,#0.#"0$ %22'2=
No juugment shall be ieveiseu oi mouifieu unless the Couit of Appeals, aftei an
examination of the iecoiu anu of the eviuence auuuceu by the paities, is of the
opinion that eiioi was committeu which injuiiously affecteu the substantial iights
of the appellant. (1ua)
SEC. 11. Scope '( B+869%.#=The Couit of Appeals may ieveise, affiim, oi
mouify the juugment anu inciease oi ieuuce the penalty imposeu by the tiial couit,
iemanu the case to the Regional Tiial Couit foi new tiial oi ietiial, oi uismiss the
case. (11a)
SEC. 12. D'/%2 #' 2%1%"7% %7"8%.1%=The Couit of Appeals shall have the powei
to tiy cases anu conuuct heaiings, ieceive eviuence anu peifoim any anu all acts
necessaiy to iesolve factual issues iaiseu in cases (a) falling within its oiiginal
juiisuiction, (b) involving claims foi uamages aiising fiom piovisional iemeuies, oi
(c) wheie the couit giants a new tiial baseu only on the giounu of newly-uiscoveieu
eviuence. (12a)
SEC. 1S. X+'2+9 '( #)% 1'+2#? 1%2#"("10#"'. '2 033%0$ '( 10,%, #' >+32%9%
5'+2#=Thiee (S) }ustices of the Couit of Appeals shall constitute a quoium foi the
sessions of a uivision. The unanimous vote of the thiee (S) }ustices of a uivision shall
be necessaiy foi the pionouncement of a juugment oi final iesolution, which shall
be ieacheu in consultation befoie the wiiting of the opinion by a membei of the
uivision. In the event that the thiee (S) }ustices can not ieach a unanimous vote, the
Piesiuing }ustice shall uiiect the iaffle committee of the Couit to uesignate two (2)
auuitional }ustices to sit tempoiaiily with them, foiming a special uivision of five (S)
membeis anu the concuiience of a majoiity of such uivision shall be necessaiy foi
the pionouncement of a juugment oi final iesolution. The uesignation of such
auuitional }ustices shall be maue stiictly by iaffle anu iotation among all othei
}ustices of the Couit of Appeals.
Whenevei the Couit of Appeals finus that the penalty of ueath, 2%1$+,"'.
3%23%#+0< oi life impiisonment shoulu be imposeu in a case, the couit, aftei
uiscussion of the eviuence anu the law involveu, shall ienuei juugment imposing the
penalty of ueath, 2%1$+,"'. 3%23%#+0< oi life impiisonment as the ciicumstances
waiiant. Bowevei, it shall iefiain fiom enteiing the juugment anu foithwith ceitify
the case anu elevate the entiie iecoiu theieof to the Supieme Couit foi ieview.
(1Sa)
SEC. 14. A'#"'. ('2 .%/ #2"0$=At any time aftei the appeal fiom the lowei
27u
couit has been peifecteu anu befoie the juugment of the Couit of Appeals convicting
the appellant becomes final, the lattei may move foi a new tiial on the giounu of
newly-uiscoveieu eviuence mateiial to his uefense. The motion shall confoim with
the piovisions of section 4, Rule 121. (14a)
SEC. 1S. C)%2% .%/ #2"0$ 1'.8+1#%8=When a new tiial is gianteu, the Couit of
Appeals may conuuct the heaiing anu ieceive eviuence as pioviueu in section 12 of
this Rule oi iefei the tiial to the couit of oiigin. (1Sa)
SEC. 16. *%1'.,"8%20#"'.=A motion foi ieconsiueiation shall be fileu within
fifteen (1S) uays fiom notice of the uecision oi final oiuei of the Couit of Appeals,
with copies theieof seiveu upon the auveise paity, setting foith the giounus in
suppoit theieof. The mittimus shall be stayeu uuiing the penuency of the motion foi
ieconsiueiation. No paity shall be alloweu a seconu motion foi ieconsiueiation of a
juugment oi final oiuei. (16a)
SEC. 17. @+869%.# #20.,9"##%8 0.8 ("$%8 ". #2"0$ 1'+2#=When the entiy of
juugment of the Couit of Appeals is issueu, a ceitifieu tiue copy of the juugment
shall be attacheu to the oiiginal iecoiu which shall be iemanueu to the cleik of the
couit fiom which the appeal was taken. (17a)
SEC. 18. H33$"10#"'. '( 1%2#0". 2+$%, ". 1"7"$ 32'1%8+2% #' 12"9".0$ cases.The
piovisions of Rules 42, 44 to 46 anu 48 to S6 ielating to pioceuuie in the Couit of
Appeals anu in the Supieme Couit in oiiginal anu appealeu civil cases shall be
applieu to ciiminal cases insofai as they aie applicable anu not inconsistent with the
piovisions of this Rule. (18a)

!"#$ &37
*!+2$0"!$ -( /@$ ."*!$8$ 2+"!/
SECTI0N 1. G."('29 32'1%8+2%=0nless otheiwise pioviueu by the
Constitution oi by law, the pioceuuie in the Supieme Couit in oiiginal anu in
appealeu cases shall be the same as in the Couit of Appeals, (1a)
SEC. 2. *%7"%/ of 8%1","'., '( #)% 5'+2# '( H33%0$,=The pioceuuie foi the
ieview by the Supieme Couit of uecisions in ciiminal cases ienueieu by the Couit of
271
Appeals shall be the same as in civil cases. (2a)
SEC. S. K%1","'. "( '3"."'. ", %V+0$$; 8"7"8%8=When the Supieme Couit %. 40.1
is equally uiviueu in opinion oi the necessaiy majoiity cannot be hau on whethei to
acquit the appellant, the case shall again be uelibeiateu upon anu if no uecision is
ieacheu aftei ie-uelibeiation, the juugment of conviction of the lowei couit shall be
ieveiseu anu the accuseu acquitteu. (Sa)
!"#$ &39
.$)!2@ )(0 .$-R"!$
SECTI0N 1. >%021) /0220.# 8%(".%8=A seaich waiiant is an oiuei in wiiting
issueu in the name of the People of the Philippines, signeu by a juuge anu uiiecteu to
a peace officei, commanuing him to seaich foi peisonal piopeity uesciibeu theiein
anu biing it befoie the couit. (1)
SEC. 2. 5'+2# /)%2% 033$"10#"'. ('2 ,%021) /0220.# ,)0$$ 4% ("$%8=An
application foi seaich waiiant shall be fileu with the following:
(a) Any couit within whose teiiitoiial juiisuiction a ciime was
committeu.
(b) Foi compelling ieasons stateu in the application, any couit
within the juuicial iegion wheie the ciime was committeu if the place of the
commission of the ciime is known, oi any couit within the juuicial iegion
wheie the waiiant shall be enfoiceu.
Bowevei, if the ciiminal action has alieauy been fileu, the application shall
only be maue in the couit wheie the ciiminal action is penuing, (n)
SEC. S. D%2,'.0$ 32'3%2#; #' 4% ,%"U%8=A seaich waiiant may be issueu foi the
seaich anu seizuie of peisonal piopeity:
(a) Subject of the offense;
(b) Stolen oi embezzleu anu othei pioceeus, oi fiuits of the offense;
oi
(c) 0seu oi intenueu to be useu as the means of committing an
offense. (2a)
SEC. 4. *%V+","#%, ('2 ",,+".6 ,%021) /0220.#=A seaich waiiant shall not issue
272
except upon piobable cause in connection with one specific offense to be
ueteimineu peisonally by the juuge aftei examination unuei oath oi affiimation of
the complainant anu the witnesses he may piouuce, anu paiticulaily uesciibing the
place to be seaicheu anu the things to be seizeu which may be anywheie in the
Philippines. (Sa)
SEC. S. JL09".0#"'. '( 1'93$0".0.#? 2%1'28=The juuge must, befoie issuing
the waiiant, peisonally examine in the foim of seaiching questions anu answeis, in
wiiting anu unuei oath, the complainant anu the witnesses he may piouuce on facts
peisonally known to them anu attach to the iecoiu theii swoin statements, togethei
with the affiuavits submitteu. (4a)
SEC. 6. -,,+0.1% 0.8 ('29 '( ,%021) /0220.#=If the juuge is satisfieu of the
existence of facts upon which the application is baseu oi that theie is piobable cause
to believe that they exist, he shall issue the waiiant, which must be substantially in
the foim piesciibeu by these Rules. *(Sa)
SEC. 7. *"6)# #' 42%0I 8''2 '2 /".8'/ #' %((%1# ,%021)=The officei, if iefuseu
aumittance to the place of uiiecteu seaich aftei giving notice of his puipose anu
authoiity, may bieak open any outei oi innei uooi oi winuow of a house oi any pait
of a house oi anything theiein to execute the waiiant oi libeiate himself oi any
peison lawfully aiuing him when unlawfully uetaineu theiein. (6)
SEC. 8. >%021) '( )'+,%< 2''9< '2 32%9",%, #' 4% 908% ". 32%,%.1% '( #/'
/"#.%,,%,=No seaich of a house, ioom, oi any othei piemises shall be maue except
in the piesence of the lawful occupant theieof oi any membei of his family oi in the
absence of the lattei, two witnesses of sufficient age anu uiscietion iesiuing in the
same locality. (7a)
SEC. 9. !"9% '( 90I".6 ,%021)=The waiiant must uiiect that it be seiveu in
the uay time, unless the affiuavit asseits that the piopeity is on the peison oi in the
place oiueieu to be seaicheu, in which case a uiiection may be inseiteu that it be
seiveu at any time of the uay oi night. (8)
SEC. 1u. N0$"8"#; '( ,%021) /0220.#=A seaich waiiant shall be valiu foi ten
(1u) uays fiom its uate. Theieaftei, it shall be voiu. (9a)
SEC. 11. *%1%"3# ('2 #)% 32'3%2#; ,%"U%8=The officei seizing piopeity unuei
the waiiant must give a uetaileu ieceipt foi the same to the lawful occupant of the
piemises in whose piesence the seaich anu seizuie weie maue, oi in the absence of
such occupant, must, in the piesence of at least two witnesses of sufficient age anu
uiscietion iesiuing in the same locality, leave a ieceipt in the place in which he
founu the seizeu piopeity. (1ua)
27S
SEC. 12. K%$"7%2; '( 32'3%2#; 0.8 ".7%.#'2; #)%2%'( #' 1'+2#? 2%#+2. 0.8
32'1%%8".6, #)%2%'.=(a) The

officei must foithwith uelivei the piopeity seizeu to
the juuge who issueu the waiiant, togethei with a tiue inventoiy theieof uuly
veiifieu unuei oath.
(b) Ten (1u) uays aftei issuance .of the seaich waiiant, the issuing juuge shall
asceitain if the ietuin has been maue, anu if none, shall summon the peison to
whom the waiiant was issueu anu iequiie him to explain why no ietuin was maue.
If the ietuin has been maue, the juuge shall asceitain whethei section 11 of this Rule
has been complieu with anu shall iequiie that the piopeity seizeu be ueliveieu to
him. The juuge shall see to it that subsection (a) heieof has been complieu with.
(c) The ietuin on the seaich waiiant shall be fileu anu kept by the custouian
of the log book on seaich waiiants who shall entei theiein the uate of the ietuin,
the iesult, anu othei actions of the juuge.
A violation of this section shall constitute contempt of couit. (11a)
SEC. 1S. >%021) ".1"8%.# #' $0/(+$ 022%,#=A peison lawfully aiiesteu may be
seaicheu foi uangeious weapons oi anything which may have been useu oi
constitute pioof in the commission of an offense without a seaich waiiant. (12a)
SEC. 14. A'#"'. #' V+0,) 0 ,%021) /0220.# '2 #' ,+332%,, %7"8%.1%? /)%2% #'
("$%=A motion to quash a seaich waiiant anuoi to suppiess eviuence obtaineu
theieof may be fileu in anu acteu upon only by the couit wheie the action has been
instituteu. If no ciiminal action has been instituteu, the motion may be fileu in anu
iesolveu by the couit that issueu the seaich waiiant. Bowevei, if such couit faileu to
iesolve the motion anu a ciiminal case is subsequently fileu in anothei couit, the
motion shall be iesolveu by the lattei couit. (n)

!"#$ &3;
*!+,-.-+()# !$8$0-$. -( 2!-8-()# 2).$.
SECTI0N 1. H70"$04"$"#; '( 32'7","'.0$ 2%9%8"%,=The piovisional iemeuies in
civil actions, insofai as they aie applicable, may be availeu of in connection with the
civil action ueemeu instituteu with the ciiminal action. (1a)
274
SEC. 2. H##01)9%.#=When the civil action is piopeily instituteu in the
ciiminal action as pioviueu in Rule 111, the offenueu paity may have the piopeity
of the accuseu attacheu as secuiity foi the satisfaction of any juugment that may be
iecoveieu fiom the accuseu in the following cases:
(a) When the accuseu is about to absconu fiom the Philippines;
(b) When the ciiminal action is baseu on a claim foi money oi
piopeity embezzleu oi fiauuulently misapplieu oi conveiteu to the use of the
accuseu who is a public officei, officei of a coipoiation, attoiney, factoi,
biokei, agent oi cleik, in the couise of his employment as such, oi by any othei
peison in a fiuuciaiy capacity, oi foi a willful violation of uuty;
(c) When the accuseu has concealeu, iemoveu, oi uisposeu of
his piopeity, oi is about to uo so; anu
(u) When the accuseu iesiues outsiue the Philippines. (2a)


*)!/ -,
!"#$. +( $,-0$(2$S

!"#$ &3<
'$($!)# *!+,-.-+(.
SECTI0N 1. J7"8%.1% 8%(".%8= Eviuence is the means, sanctioneu by these
iules, of asceitaining in a juuicial pioceeuing the tiuth iespecting a mattei of fact.(1)
SEC. 2. >1'3%=The iules of eviuence shall be the same in all couits anu in all
27S
tiials anu heaiings, except as otheiwise pioviueu by law oi these iules.(2a)
SEC. S. H89",,"4"$"#; '( %7"8%.1%=Eviuence is aumissible when it is ielevant to
the issue anu is not excluueu by the law oi these iules.(Sa)
SEC. 4. *%$%70.1;? 1'$$0#%20$ 90##%2,=Eviuence must have such a ielation to
the fact in issue as to inuuce belief in its existence oi non-existence. Eviuence on
collateial matteis shall not be alloweu, except when it tenus in any ieasonable
uegiee to establish the piobability oi impiobability of the fact in issue.(4a)


!"#$ &3=
?@)/ ($$0 (+/ A$ *!+,$0
SECTI0N 1. @+8"1"0$ .'#"1%< /)%. 90.80#'2;=A couit shall take juuicial notice,
without the intiouuction of eviuence, of the existence anu teiiitoiial extent of states,
theii political histoiy, foims of goveinment anu symbols of nationality, the law of
nations, the aumiialty anu maiitime couits of the woilu anu theii seals, the political
constitution anu histoiy of the Philippines, the official acts of the legislative,
executive anu juuicial uepaitments of the Philippines, the laws of natuie, the
measuie of time, anu the geogiaphical uivisions.(1a)
SEC. 2. @+8"1"0$ .'#"1%< /)%. 8",12%#"'.02;=A couit may take juuicial notice of
matteis which aie of public knowleuge, oi aie capable of unquestionable
uemonstiation, oi ought to be known to juuges because of theii juuicial
functions.(1a)
SEC. S. @+8"1"0$ .'#"1%< /)%. )%02".6 .%1%,,02;=Buiing the tiial, the couit, on
its own initiative, oi on iequest of a paity, may announce its intention to take
juuicial notice of any mattei anu allow the paities to be heaiu theieon.
Aftei the tiial, anu befoie juugment oi on appeal, the piopei couit, on its own
initiative oi on iequest of a paity, may take juuicial notice of any mattei anu allow
276
the paities to be heaiu theieon if such mattei is uecisive of a mateiial issue in the
case.(n)
SEC. 4. @+8"1"0$ 089",,"'.,=An aumission, veibal oi wiitten, maue by a paity
in the couise of the pioceeuings in the same case, uoes not iequiie pioof. The
aumission may be contiauicteu only by showing that it was maue thiough palpable
mistake oi that no such aumission was maue.(2a)



!"#$ &5>
!"#$. +4 )08-..-A-#-/1
)B +AD$2/ T!$)#U $,-0$(2$
SECTI0N 1. :4B%1# 0, %7"8%.1%=0bjects as eviuence aie those auuiesseu to
the senses of the couit. When an object is ielevant to the fact in issue, it may be
exhibiteu to, examineu oi vieweu by the couit.(1a)
AB 0+2"8$(/)!1 $,-0$(2$
SEC. 2. K'1+9%.#02; %7"8%.1%=Bocuments as eviuence consist of wiitings oi
any mateiial containing letteis, woius, numbeis, figuies, symbols oi othei moues of
wiitten expiessions offeieu as pioof of theii contents.(n)
&B A$./ $,-0$(2$ !"#$
SEC. S. :2"6".0$ 8'1+9%.# 9+,# 4% 32'8+1%8? %L1%3#"'.,=When the subject of
inquiiy is the contents of a uocument, no eviuence shall be aumissible othei than the
oiiginal uocument itself, except in the following cases:
277
(a) When the oiiginal has been lost oi uestioyeu, oi cannot be
piouuceu in couit, without bau faith on the pait of the offeioi;
(b) When the oiiginal is in the custouy oi unuei the contiol of the
paity against whom the eviuence is offeieu, anu the lattei fails to piouuce it
aftei ieasonable notice;
(c) When the oiiginal consists of numeious accounts oi othei
uocuments which cannot be examineu in couit without gieat loss of time anu
the fact sought to be establisheu fiom them is only the geneial iesult of the
whole; anu
(u) When the oiiginal is a public iecoiu in the custouy of a public
officei oi is iecoiueu in a public office.(2a)
SEC. 4. :2"6".0$ '( 8'1+9%.#=
(a) The oiiginal of a uocument is one the contents of which aie the
subject of inquiiy.
(b) When a uocument is in two oi moie copies executeu at oi about
the same time, with iuentical contents, all such copies aie equally iegaiueu as
oiiginals.
(c) When an entiy is iepeateu in the iegulai couise of business, one
being copieu fiom anothei at oi neai the time of the tiansaction, all the entiies
aie likewise equally iegaiueu as oiiginals.(Sa)
3B .$2+(0)!1 $,-0$(2$
SEC. S. C)%. '2"6".0$ 8'1+9%.# ", +.070"$04$%=When the oiiginal uocument
has been lost oi uestioyeu, oi cannot be piouuceu in couit, the offeioi, upon pioof
of its execution oi existence anu the cause of its unavailability without bau faith on
his pait, may piove its contents by a copy, oi by a iecital of its contents in some
authentic uocument, oi by the testimony of witnesses in the oiuei stateu.(4a)
SEC. 6. C)%. '2"6".0$ 8'1+9%.# ", ". 087%2,% 302#;a, 1+,#'8; '2 1'.#2'$=RIf the
uocument is in the custouy oi unuei the contiol of the auveise paity, he must have
ieasonable notice to piouuce it. If aftei such notice anu aftei satisfactoiy pioof of its
existence, he fails to piouuce the uocument, seconuaiy eviuence may be piesenteu
as in the case of its loss.(Sa)
SEC. 7. J7"8%.1% 089",,"4$% /)%. '2"6".0$ 8'1+9%.# ", 0 3+4$"1 2%1'28=When
the oiiginal of a uocument is in the custouy of a public officei oi is iecoiueu in a
public office, its contents may be pioveu by a ceitifieu copy issueu by the public
officei in custouy theieof.(2a)
278
SEC. 8. D02#; /)' 10$$, ('2 8'1+9%.# .'# 4'+.8 #' '((%2 "#=A paity who calls
foi the piouuction of a uocument anu inspects the same is not obligeu to offei it as
eviuence.(6a)
5B *)!+# $,-0$(2$ !"#$
SEC. 9. J7"8%.1% '( /2"##%. 062%%9%.#,=When the teims of an agieement have
been ieuuceu to wiiting, it is consiueieu as containing all the teims agieeu upon anu
theie can be, between the paities anu theii successois in inteiest, no eviuence of
such teims othei than the contents of the wiitten agieement.
Bowevei, a paity may piesent eviuence to mouify, explain oi auu to the teims
of the wiitten agieement if he puts in issue in his pleauing:
(a) An intiinsic ambiguity, mistake oi impeifection in the wiitten agieement;
(b) The failuie of the wiitten agieement to expiess the tiue intent anu
agieement of the paities theieto;
(c) The valiuity of the wiitten agieement; oi
(u) The existence of othei teims agieeu to by the paities oi theii successois in
inteiest aftei the execution of the wiitten agieement.
The teim "agieement" incluues wills.(7a)
6B -(/$!*!$/)/-+( +4 0+2"8$(/.
SEC. 1u. -.#%232%#0#"'. '( 0 /2"#".6 011'28".6 #' "#, $%60$ 9%0.".6=The
language of a wiiting is to be inteipieteu accoiuing to the legal meaning it beais in
the place of its execution, unless the paities intenueu otheiwise.(8)
SEC. 11. -.,#2+9%.# 1'.,#2+%8 ,' 0, #' 6"7% %((%1# #' 0$$ 32'7","'.,=In the
constiuction of an instiument wheie theie aie seveial piovisions oi paiticulais,
such a constiuction is, if possible, to be auopteu as will give effect to all.(9)
SEC. 12. -.#%232%#0#"'. 011'28".6 #' ".#%.#"'.? 6%.%20$ 0.8 302#"1+$02
32'7","'.,=In the constiuction of an instiument, the intention of the paities is to be
puisueu; anu when a geneial anu a paiticulai piovision aie inconsistent, the lattei is
paiamount to the foimei. So a paiticulai intent will contiol a geneial one that is
inconsistent with it.(1u)
SEC. 1S. -.#%232%#0#"'. 011'28".6 #' 1"21+9,#0.1%,=Foi the piopei
constiuction of an instiument, the ciicumstances unuei which it was maue,
incluuing the situation of the subject theieof anu of the paities to it, may be shown,
so that the juuge may be placeu in the position of those whose language he is to
inteipiet.(11)
279
SEC. 14. D%1+$"02 ,"6."("10#"'. '( #%29,=The teims of a wiiting aie piesumeu
to have been useu in theii piimaiy anu geneial acceptation, but eviuence is
aumissible to show that they have a local, technical, oi otheiwise peculiai
signification, anu weie so useu anu unueistoou, in the paiticulai instance, in which
case the agieement must be constiueu accoiuingly.(12)
SEC. 1S. C2"##%. /'28, 1'.#2'$ 32".#%8=When an instiument consists paitly of
wiitten woius anu paitly of a piinteu foim, anu the two aie inconsistent, the foimei
contiols the lattei.(1S)
SEC. 16. JL3%2#, 0.8 ".#%232%#%2, #' 4% +,%8 ". %L3$0".".6 1%2#0". /2"#".6,=
When the chaiacteis in which an instiument is wiitten aie uifficult to be
uecipheieu, oi the language is not unueistoou by the couit, the eviuence of peisons
skilleu in uecipheiing the chaiacteis, oi who unueistanu the language, is aumissible
to ueclaie the chaiacteis oi the meaning of the language.(14)
SEC. 17. :( #/' 1'.,#2+1#"'.,< /)"1) 32%(%22%8=When the teims of an
agieement have been intenueu in a uiffeient sense by the uiffeient paities to it, that
sense is to pievail against eithei paity in which he supposeu the othei unueistoou
it, anu when uiffeient constiuctions of a piovision aie otheiwise equally piopei,
that is to be taken which is the most favoiable to the paity in whose favoi the
piovision is maue.(1S)
SEC. 18. 5'.,#2+1#"'. ". (07'2 '( .0#+20$ 2"6)#=When an instiument is equally
susceptible of two inteipietations, one in favoi of natuial iight anu the othei against
it, the foimei is to be auopteu.(16)
SEC. 19. -.#%232%#0#"'. 011'28".6 #' +,06%=An instiument may be constiueu
accoiuing to usage, in oiuei to ueteimine its tiue chaiactei.(17)
2B /$./-8+(-)# $,-0$(2$
&B G")#-4-2)/-+( +4 ?-/($..$.
SEC. 2u. C"#.%,,%,? #)%"2 V+0$"("10#"'.,=Except as pioviueu in the next
succeeuing section, all peisons who can peiceive, anu peiceiving, can make known
theii peiception to otheis, may be witnesses.
Religious oi political belief, inteiest in the outcome of the case, oi conviction of
a ciime unless otheiwise pioviueu by law, shall not be a giounu foi
uisqualification.(18a)
SEC. 21. K",V+0$"("10#"'. 4; 2%0,'. '( 9%.#0$ ".10301"#; '2 "990#+2"#;=The
following peisons cannot be witnesses:
(a) Those whose mental conuition, at the time of theii piouuction foi
28u
examination, is such that they aie incapable of intelligently making known
theii peiception to otheis;
(b) Chiluien whose mental matuiity is such as to ienuei them
incapable of peiceiving the facts iespecting which they aie examineu anu of
ielating them tiuthfully.(19a)
SEC. 22. K",V+0$"("10#"'. 4; 2%0,'. '( 9022"06%=Buiing theii maiiiage,
neithei the husbanu noi the wife may testify foi oi against the othei without the
consent of the affecteu spouse, except in a civil case by one against the othei, oi in a
ciiminal case foi a ciime committeu by one against the othei oi the lattei's uiiect
uescenuants oi ascenuants.(2ua)
SEC. 2S. K",V+0$"("10#"'. 4; 2%0,'. '( 8%0#) '2 ".,0."#; '( 087%2,% 302#;=
Paities oi assignois of paities to a case, oi peisons in whose behalf a case is
piosecuteu, against an executoi oi auministiatoi oi othei iepiesentative of a
ueceaseu peison, oi against a peison of unsounu minu, upon a claim oi uemanu
against the estate of such ueceaseu peison oi against such peison of unsounu minu,
cannot testify as to any mattei of fact occuiiing befoie the ueath of such ueceaseu
peison oi befoie such peison became of unsounu minu.(2ua)
SEC. 24. K",V+0$"("10#"'. 4; 2%0,'. '( 32"7"$%6%8 1'99+."10#"'.=The following
peisons cannot testify as to matteis leaineu in confiuence in the following cases:
(a) The husbanu oi the wife, uuiing oi aftei the maiiiage, cannot be
examineu without the consent of the othei as to any communication ieceiveu
in confiuence by one fiom the othei uuiing the maiiiage except in a civil case
by one against the othei, oi in a ciiminal case foi a ciime committeu by one
against the othei oi the lattei's uiiect uescenuants oi ascenuants;
(b) An attoiney cannot, without the consent of his client, be
examineu as to any communication maue by the client to him, oi his auvice
given theieon in the couise of, oi with a view to, piofessional employment, noi
can an attoiney's secietaiy, stenogiaphei, oi cleik be examineu, without the
consent of the client anu his employei, conceining any fact the knowleuge of
which has been acquiieu in such capacity;
(c) A peison authoiizeu to piactice meuicine, suigeiy oi obstetiics
cannot in a civil case, without the consent of the patient, be examineu as to any
auvice oi tieatment given by him oi any infoimation which he may have
acquiieu in attenuing such patient in a piofessional capacity, which
infoimation was necessaiy to enable him to act in that capacity, anu which
woulu blacken the ieputation of the patient;
281
(u) A ministei oi piiest cannot, without the consent of the peison
making the confession, be examineu as to any confession maue to oi any
auvice given by him in his piofessional chaiactei in the couise of uiscipline
enjoineu by the chuich to which the ministei oi piiest belongs;
(e) A public officei cannot be examineu uuiing his teim of office oi
afteiwaius, as to communications maue to him in official confiuence, when the
couit finus that the public inteiest woulu suffei by the uisclosuie.(21a)
3B /$./-8+(-)# *!-,-#$'$
SEC. 2S. D02%.#0$ 0.8 ("$"0$ 32"7"$%6%=No peison may be compelleu to testify
against his paients, othei uiiect ascenuants, chiluien oi othei uiiect
uescenuants.(2ua)
5B )08-..-+(. )(0 2+(4$..-+(.
SEC. 26. H89",,"'., '( 0 302#;=The act, ueclaiation oi omission of a paity as
to a ielevant fact may be given in eviuence against him.(22)
SEC. 27. :((%2 '( 1'932'9",% .'# 089",,"4$%=In civil cases, an offei of
compiomise is not an aumission of any liability, anu is not aumissible in eviuence
against the offeioi.
In ciiminal cases, except those involving quasi-offenses (ciiminal negligence)
oi those alloweu by law to be compiomiseu, an offei of compiomise by the accuseu
may be ieceiveu in eviuence as an implieu aumission of guilt.
A plea of guilty latei withuiawn, oi an unaccepteu offei of a plea of guilty to a
lessei offense, is not aumissible in eviuence against the accuseu who maue the plea
oi offei.
An offei to pay oi the payment of meuical, hospital oi othei expenses
occasioneu by an injuiy is not aumissible in eviuence as pioof of civil oi ciiminal
liability foi the injuiy.(24a)
SEC. 28. H89",,"'. 4; #)"28 302#;=The iights of a paity cannot be piejuuiceu
by an act, ueclaiation, oi omission of anothei, except as heieinaftei pioviueu.(2Sa)
SEC. 29. H89",,"'. 4; 1'F302#.%2 '2 06%.#=The act oi ueclaiation of a paitnei
oi agent of the paity within the scope of his authoiity anu uuiing the existence of
the paitneiship oi agency, may be given in eviuence against such paity aftei the
paitneiship oi agency is shown by eviuence othei than such act oi ueclaiation. The
same iule applies to the act oi ueclaiation of a joint ownei, joint uebtoi, oi othei
peison jointly inteiesteu with the paity.(26a)
282
SEC. Su. H89",,"'. 4; 1'.,3"20#'2=The act oi ueclaiation of a conspiiatoi
ielating to the conspiiacy anu uuiing its existence, may be given in eviuence against
the co-conspiiatoi aftei the conspiiacy is shown by eviuence othei than such act oi
ueclaiation.(27)
SEC. S1. H89",,"'. 4; 32"7"%,=Wheie one ueiives title to piopeity fiom
anothei, the act, ueclaiation, oi omission of the lattei, while holuing the title, in
ielation to the piopeity, is eviuence against the foimei.(28)
SEC. S2. H89",,"'. 4; ,"$%.1%=An act oi ueclaiation maue in the piesence anu
within the heaiing oi obseivation of a paity who uoes oi says nothing when the act
oi ueclaiation is such as natuially to call foi action oi comment if not tiue, anu when
piopei anu possible foi him to uo so, may be given in eviuence against him.(2Sa)
SEC. SS. 5'.(%,,"'.=The ueclaiation of an accuseu acknowl-euging his guilt of
the offense chaigeu, oi of any offense necessaiily incluueu theiein, may be given in
eviuence against him.(29a)
6B *!$,-+". 2+(0"2/ ). $,-0$(2$
SEC. S4. >"9"$02 01#, 0, %7"8%.1%=Eviuence that one uiu oi uiu not uo a ceitain
thing at one time is not aumissible to piove that he uiu oi uiu not uo the same oi a
similai thing at anothei time; but it may be ieceiveu to piove a specific intent oi
knowleuge, iuentity, plan, system, scheme, habit, custom oi usage, anu the like.(48a)
SEC. SS. G.011%3#%8 '((%2=An offei in wiiting to pay a paiticulai sum of
money oi to uelivei a wiitten instiument oi specific peisonal piopeity is, if iejecteu
without valiu cause, equivalent to the actual piouuction anu tenuei of the money,
instiument, oi piopeity.(49a)
7B /$./-8+(-)# :(+?#$0'$
SEC. S6. !%,#"9'.; 6%.%20$$; 1'.(".%8 #' 3%2,'.0$ I.'/$%86%? )%02,0;
%L1$+8%8=A witness can testify only to those facts which he knows of his peisonal
knowleuge; that is, which aie ueiiveu fiom his own peiception, except as otheiwise
pioviueu in these iules.(Sua)
9B $F2$*/-+(. /+ /@$ @$)!.)1 !"#$
SEC. S7. K;".6 8%1$020#"'.=The ueclaiation of a uying peison, maue unuei
the consciousness of an impenuing ueath, may be ieceiveu in any case wheiein his
ueath is the subject of inquiiy, as eviuence of the cause anu suiiounuing
ciicumstances of such ueath.(S1a)
SEC. S8. K%1$020#"'. 060".,# ".#%2%,#=The ueclaiation maue by a peison
ueceaseu, oi unable to testify, against the inteiest of the ueclaiant, if the fact
28S
asseiteu in the ueclaiation was at the time it was maue so fai contiaiy to ueclaiant's
own inteiest, that a ieasonable man in his position woulu not have maue the
ueclaiation unless he believeu it to be tiue, may be ieceiveu in eviuence against
himself oi his successois in inteiest anu against thiiu peisons.(S2a)
SEC. S9. H1# '2 8%1$020#"'. 04'+# 3%8"62%%=The act oi ueclaiation of a peison
ueceaseu, oi unable to testify, in iespect to the peuigiee of anothei peison ielateu to
him by biith oi maiiiage, may be ieceiveu in eviuence wheie it occuiieu befoie the
contioveisy, anu the ielationship between the two peisons is shown by eviuence
othei than such act oi ueclaiation. The woiu "peuigiee" incluues ielationship,
family genealogy, biith, maiiiage, ueath, the uates when anu the places wheie these
facts occuiieu, anu the names of the ielatives. It embiaces also facts of family
histoiy intimately connecteu with peuigiee.(SSa)
SEC. 4u. T09"$; 2%3+#0#"'. '2 #208"#"'. 2%6028".6 3%8"62%%= The ieputation oi
tiauition existing in a family pievious to the contioveisy, in iespect to the peuigiee
of any one of its membeis, may be ieceiveu in eviuence if the witness testifying
theieon be also a membei of the family, eithei by consanguinity oi affinity. Entiies
in family bibles oi othei family books oi chaits, engiaving on iings, family poitiaits
anu the like, may be ieceiveu as eviuence of peuigiee.(S4a)
SEC. 41. 5'99'. 2%3+#0#"'.=Common ieputation existing pievious to the
contioveisy, iespecting facts of public oi geneial inteiest moie than thiity yeais olu,
oi iespecting maiiiage oi moial chaiactei, may be given in eviuence, Nonuments
anu insciiptions in public places may be ieceiveu as eviuence of common
ieputation.(SS)
SEC. 42. D02# '( #)% 2%, 6%,#0%=Statements maue by a peison while a staitling
occuiience is taking place oi immeuiately piioi oi subsequent theieto with iespect
to the ciicumstances theieof, may be given in eviuence as pait of the 2%, 6%,#0%= So,
also, statements accompanying an equivocal act mateiial to the issue, anu giving it a
legal significance, may be ieceiveu as pait of the 2%, 6%,#0%=(S6a)
SEC. 4S. J.#2"%, ". #)% 1'+2,% '( 4+,".%,,=Entiies maue at, oi neai the time of
the tiansactions to which they iefei, by a peison ueceaseu, oi unable to testify, who
was in a position to know the facts theiein stateu, may be ieceiveu as 32"90 (01"%
eviuence, if such peison maue the entiies in his piofessional capacity oi in the
peifoimance of uuty anu in the oiuinaiy oi iegulai couise of business oi uuty.(S7a)
SEC. 44. J.#2"%, ". '(("1"0$ 2%1'28,=Entiies in official iecoius maue in the
peifoimance of his uuty by a public officei of the Philippines, oi by a peison in the
peifoimance of a uuty specially enjoineu by law, aie 32"90 (01"% eviuence of the
284
facts theiein stateu.(S8)
SEC. 4S. 5'99%21"0$ $",#, 0.8 #)% $"I%=Eviuence of state-ments of matteis of
inteiest to peisons engageu in an occupation containeu in a list, iegistei, peiiouical,
oi othei publisheu compilations aumissible as tenuing to piove the tiuth of any
ielevant mattei so stateu if that compilation is publisheu foi use by peisons engageu
in that occupation anu is geneially useu anu ielieu upon by them theiein.(S9)
SEC. 46. W%02.%8 #2%0#",%,=A publisheu tieatise, peiiouical oi pamphlet on a
subject of histoiy, law, science oi ait is aumissible as tenuing to piove the tiuth of a
mattei stateu theiein if the couit takes juuicial notice, oi a witness expeit in the
subject testifies, that the wiitei of the statement in the tieatise, peiiouical oi
pamphlet is iecognizeu in his piofession oi calling as expeit in the subject.(4ua)
SEC. 47. !%,#"9'.; '2 8%3',"#"'. 0# 0 ('29%2 32'1%%8".6=The testimony oi
ueposition of a witness ueceaseu oi unable to testify, given in a foimei case oi
pioceeuing, juuicial oi auministiative, involving the same paities anu subject
mattei, may be given in eviuence against the auveise paity who hau the oppoitunity
to cioss-examine him.(41a)
;B +*-(-+( !"#$
SEC. 48. M%.%20$ 2+$%=The opinion of a witness is not aumissible, except as
inuicateu in the following sections.(42)
SEC. 49. :3"."'. '( %L3%2# /"#.%,,=The opinion of a witness on a mattei
iequiiing special knowleuge, skill, expeiience oi tiaining which he is shown to
possess, may be ieceiveu in eviuence.(4Sa)
SEC. Su. :3"."'. '( '28".02; /"#.%,,%,=The opinion of a witness foi which
piopei basis is given, may be ieceiveu in eviuence iegaiuing
(a) The iuentity of a peison about whom he has auequate knowleuge;
(b) A hanuwiiting with which he has sufficient familiaiity; anu
(c) The mental sanity of a peison with whom he is sufficiently
acquainteu.
The witness may also testify on his impiessions of the motion, behavioi,
conuition oi appeaiance of a peison.(44a)
<B 2@)!)2/$! $,-0$(2$
SEC. S1. 5)0201#%2 %7"8%.1% .'# 6%.%20$$; 089",,"4$%? %L1%3#"'.,cR
(a) In Ciiminal Cases:
28S
(1) The accuseu may piove his goou moial chaiactei which is
peitinent to the moial tiait involveu in the offense chaigeu.
(2) 0nless in iebuttal, the piosecution may not piove his bau
moial chaiactei which is peitinent to the moial tiait involveu in the
offense chaigeu.
(S) The goou oi bau moial chaiactei of the offenueu paity may
be pioveu if it tenus to establish in any ieasonable uegiee the
piobability oi impiobability of the offense chaigeu.
(b) In Civil Cases:
Eviuence of the moial chaiactei of a paity in a civil case is aumissible
only when peitinent to the issue of chaiactei involveu in the case.
(c) In the case pioviueu foi in Rule 1S2, Section 14. (46a, 47a)

!"#$ &5&
A"!0$( +4 *!++4 )(0 *!$."8*/-+(.
SECTI0N 1. Q+28%. '( 32''(=RBuiuen of pioof is the uuty of a paity to piesent
eviuence on the facts in issue necessaiy to establish his claim oi uefense by the
amount of eviuence iequiieu by law.(1a, 2a)
SEC. 2. 5'.1$+,"7% 32%,+93#"'.,=The following aie instances of conclusive
piesumptions:
(a) Whenevei a paity has, by his own ueclaiation, act, oi omission,
intentionally anu uelibeiately leu anothei to believe a paiticulai thing tiue,
anu to act upon such belief, he cannot, in any litigation aiising out of such
ueclaiation, act oi omission, be peimitteu to falsify it:
(b) The tenant is not peimitteu to ueny the title of his lanuloiu at the
time of the commencement of the ielation of lanuloiu anu tenant between
them.(Sa)
SEC. S. K",3+#04$% 32%,+93#"'.,=The following piesumptions aie satisfactoiy
286
if uncontiauicteu, but may be contiauicteu anu oveicome by othei eviuence:
(a) That a peison is innocent of ciime oi wiong;
(b) That an unlawful act was uone with an unlawful intent;
(c) That a peison intenus the oiuinaiy consequences of his voluntaiy
act;
(u) That a peison take oiuinaiy caie of his conceins;
(e) That eviuence willfully suppiesseu woulu be auveise if piouuceu;
(f) That money paiu by one to anothei was uue to the lattei;
(g) That a thing ueliveieu by one to anothei belongeu to the lattei;
(h) That an obligation ueliveieu up to the uebtoi has been paiu;
(i) That piioi ients oi installments hau been paiu when a ieceipt foi
the latei ones is piouuceu;
(j) That a peison founu in possession of a thing taken in the uoing of a
iecent wiongful act is the takei anu the uoei of the whole act; otheiwise, that
things which a peison possesses, oi exeicises acts of owneiship ovei, aie
owneu by him;
(k) That a peison in possession of an oiuei on himself foi the
payment of the money, oi the ueliveiy of anything, has paiu the money oi
ueliveieu the thing accoiuingly;
(l) That a peison acting in a public office was iegulaily appointeu oi
electeu to it;
(m) That official uuty has been iegulaily peifoimeu;
(n) That a couit, oi juuge acting as such, whethei in the Philippines
oi elsewheie, was acting in the lawful exeicise of juiisuiction;
(o) That all the matteis within an issue iaiseu in a case weie laiu
befoie the couit anu passeu upon by it; anu in like mannei that all matteis
within an issue iaiseu in a uispute submitteu foi aibitiation weie laiu befoie
the aibitiatois anu passeu upon by them;
(p) That piivate tiansactions have been faii anu iegulai;
(q) That the oiuinaiy couise of business has been followeu;
(i) That theie was a sufficient consiueiation foi a contiact;
287
(s) That a negotiable instiument was given oi inuoiseu foi a
sufficient consiueiation;
(t) That an inuoisement of a negotiable instiument was maue befoie
the instiument was oveiuue anu at the place wheie the instiument is uateu;
(u) That a wiiting is tiuly uateu;
(v) That a lettei uuly uiiecteu anu maileu was ieceiveu in the iegulai
couise of the mail;
(w) That aftei an absence of seven yeais, it being unknown whethei
oi not the absentee still lives, he is consiueieu ueau foi all puiposes, except foi
those of succession.
The absentee shall not be consiueieu ueau foi the puipose of opening
his succession till aftei an absence of ten yeais. If he uisappeaieu aftei the age
of seventy-five yeais, an absence of five yeais shall be sufficient in oiuei that
his succession may be openeu.
The following shall be consiueieu ueau foi all puiposes incluuing the
uivision of the estate among the heiis:
(1) A peison on boaiu a vessel lost uuiing a sea voyage, oi an
aiiciaft which is missing, who has not been heaiu of foi foui yeais
since the loss of the vessel oi aiiciaft;
(2) A membei of the aimeu foices who has taken pait in aimeu
hostilities, anu has been missing foi foui yeais;
(S) A peison who has been in uangei of ueath unuei othei
ciicumstances anu whose existence has not been known foi foui
yeais;
(4) If a maiiieu peison has been absent foi foui consecutive
yeais, the spouse piesent may contiact a subsequent maiiiage if he
oi she has a well-founueu belief that the absent spouse is alieauy
ueau. In case of uisappeaiance, wheie theie is uangei of ueath
unuei the ciicumstances heieinabove pioviueu an absence of only
two yeais shall be sufficient foi the puipose of contiacting a
subsequent maiiiage. Bowevei, in any case, befoie maiiying again,
the spouse piesent must institute a summaiy pioceeuing as pioviueu
in the Family Coue anu in the iules foi a ueclaiation of piesumptive
ueath of the absentee, without piejuuice to the effect of ieappeaiance
of the absent spouse.
288
(x) That acquiescence iesulteu fiom a belief that the thing acquiesceu
in was confoimable to the law oi fact;
(y) That things have happeneu accoiuing to the oiuinaiy couise of
natuie anu the oiuinaiy habits of life;
(z) That peisons acting as copaitneis have enteieu into a contiact of
copaitneiship;
(aa) That a man anu woman uepoiting themselves as husbanu anu
wife have enteieu into a lawful contiact of maiiiage;
(bb) That piopeity acquiieu by a man anu woman who aie
capacitateu to maiiy each othei anu who live exclusively with each othei as
husbanu anu wife without the benefit of maiiiage oi unuei a voiu maiiiage,
has been obtaineu by theii joint effoits, woik oi inuustiy.
(cc) That in cases of cohabitation by a man anu a woman who aie not
capacitateu to maiiy each othei anu who have acquiieu piopeity thiough
theii actual joint contiibution of money, piopeity oi inuustiy, such
contiibutions anu theii coiiesponuing shaies incluuing joint ueposits of
money anu eviuences of cieuit aie equal.
(uu) That if the maiiiage is teiminateu anu the mothei contiacteu
anothei maiiiage within thiee hunuieu uays aftei such teimination of the
foimei maiiiage, these iules shall govein in the absence of pioof to the
contiaiy:
(1) A chilu boin befoie one hunuieu eighty uays aftei the
solemnization of the subsequent maiiiage is consiueieu to have been
conceiveu uuiing the foimei maiiiage, pioviueu it be boin within
thiee hunuieu uays aftei the teimination of the foimei maiiiage;
(2) A chilu boin aftei one hunuieu eighty uays follow-ing the
celebiation of the subsequent maiiiage is consiueieu to have been
conceiveu uuiing such maiiiage, even though it be boin within the
thiee hunuieu uays aftei the teimination of the foimei maiiiage.
(ee) That a thing once pioveu to exist continues as long as is usual
with things of that natuie;
(ff) That the law has been obeyeu;
(gg) That a piinteu oi publisheu book, puipoiting to be piinteu oi
publisheu by public authoiity, was so piinteu oi publisheu;
289
(hh) That a piinteu oi publisheu book, puipoiting to contain iepoits
of cases aujuugeu in tiibunals of the countiy wheie the book is publisheu,
contains coiiect iepoits of such cases;
(ii) That a tiustee oi othei peison whose uuty it was to convey ieal
piopeity to a paiticulai peison has actually conveyeu it to him when such
piesumption is necessaiy to peifect the title of such peison oi his successoi in
inteiest;
(jj) That except foi puiposes of succession, when two peisons peiish
in the same calamity, such as wieck, battle, oi conflagiation, anu it is not
shown who uieu fiist, anu theie aie no paiticulai ciicumstances fiom which it
can be infeiieu, the suivivoiship is ueteimineu fiom the piobabilities
iesulting fiom the stiength anu age of the sexes, accoiuing to the following
iules:
1. If both weie unuei the age of fifteen yeais, the oluei is
ueemeu to have suiviveu;
2. If both weie above the age of sixty, the youngei is ueemeu to
have suiviveu;
S. If one is unuei fifteen anu the othei above sixty, the foimei is
ueemeu to have suiviveu;
4. If both be ovei fifteen anu unuei sixty, anu the sex be
uiffeient, the male is ueemeu to have suiviveu; if the sex be the same,
the oluei;
S. If one be unuei fifteen oi ovei sixty, anu the othei between
those ages, the lattei is ueemeu to have suiviveu.
(kk) That if theie is a uoubt, as between two oi moie peisons who
aie calleu to succeeu each othei, as to which of them uieu fiist, whoevei
alleges the ueath of one piioi to the othei, shall piove the same; in the absence
of pioof, they shall be consiueieu to have uieu at the same time.(Sa)
SEC. 4. E' 32%,+93#"'. '( $%6"#"901; '2 "$$%6"#"901;=Theie is no piesumption
of legitimacy oi illegitimacy of a chilu boin aftei thiee hunuieu uays following the
uissolution of the maiiiage oi the sepaiation of the spouses. Whoevei alleges the
legitimacy oi illegitimacy of such chilu must piove his allegation.(6)

29u
!"#$ &53
*!$.$(/)/-+( +4 $,-0$(2$
)B $F)8-()/-+( +4 ?-/($..$.
SECTI0N 1. JL09".0#"'. #' 4% 8'.% ". '3%. 1'+2#=The examination of
witnesses piesenteu in a tiial oi heaiing shall be uone in open couit, anu unuei oath
oi affiimation. 0nless the witness is incapacitateu to speak, oi the question calls foi
a uiffeient moue of answei, the answeis of the witness shall be given oially.(1a)
SEC. 2. D2'1%%8".6, #' 4% 2%1'28%8=The entiie pioceeuings of a tiial oi
heaiing, incluuing the questions piopounueu to a witness anu his answeis theieto,
the statements maue by the juuge oi any of the paities, counsel, oi witnesses with
iefeience to the case, shall be iecoiueu by means of shoithanu oi stenotype oi by
othei means of iecoiuing founu suitable by the couit.
A tiansciipt of the iecoiu of the pioceeuings maue by the official stenogiaphei,
stenotypist oi iecoiuei anu ceitifieu as coiiect by him shall be ueemeu 32"90 (01"% a
coiiect statement of such pioceeuings.(2a)
SEC. S. *"6)#, 0.8 '4$"60#"'., '( 0 /"#.%,,=A witness must answei questions,
although his answei may tenu to establish a claim against him. Bowevei, it is the
iight of a witness:
(1) To be piotecteu fiom iiielevant, impiopei, oi insulting
questions, anu fiom haish oi insulting uemeanoi;
(2) Not to be uetaineu longei than the inteiests of justice iequiie;
(S) Not to be examineu except only as to matteis peitinent to the
issue;
(4) Not to give an answei which will tenu to subject him to a penalty
foi an offense unless otheiwise pioviueu by law; oi
(S) Not to give an answei which will tenu to uegiaue his ieputation,
unless it be to the veiy fact at issue oi to a fact fiom which the fact in issue
woulu be piesumeu. But a witness must answei to the fact of his pievious final
conviction foi an offense.(Sa, 19a)
SEC. 4. :28%2 ". #)% %L09".0#"'. '( 0. ".8"7"8+0$ /"#.%,,= The oiuei in which
an inuiviuual witness may be examineu is as follows:
291
(a) Biiect examination by the pioponent;
(b) Cioss-examination by the opponent;
(c) Re-uiiect examination by the pioponent;
(u) Re-cioss-examination by the opponent.(4)
SEC. S. K"2%1# %L09".0#"'.=Biiect examination is the examination-in-chief of
a witness by the paity piesenting him on the facts ielevant to the issue.(Sa)
SEC. 6. 52',,F%L09".0#"'.? "#, 3+23',% 0.8 %L#%.#=0pon the teimination of the
uiiect examination, the witness may be cioss-examineu by the auveise paity as to
any matteis stateu in the uiiect examination, oi connecteu theiewith, with sufficient
fullness anu fieeuom to test his accuiacy anu tiuthfulness anu fieeuom fiom
inteiest oi bias, oi the ieveise, anu to elicit all impoitant facts beaiing upon the
issue.(8a)
SEC. 7. *%F8"2%1# %L09".0#"'.? "#, 3+23',% 0.8 %L#%.#=Aftei the cioss-
examination of the witness has been concluueu, he may be ie-examineu by the paity
calling him, to explain oi supplement his answeis given uuiing the cioss-
examination. 0n ie-uiiect examination, questions on matteis not uealt with uuiing
the cioss-examination, may be alloweu by the couit in its uiscietion.(12)
SEC. 8. *%F12',,F%L09".0#"'.=0pon the conclusion of the ie-uiiect
examination, the auveise paity may ie-cioss-examine the witness on matteis stateu
in his ie-uiiect examination, anu also on such othei matteis as may be alloweu by
the couit in its uiscietion.(1S)
SEC. 9. *%10$$".6 /"#.%,,=Aftei the examination of a witness by both siues has
been concluueu, the witness cannot be iecalleu without leave of the couit. The couit
will giant oi withholu leave in its uiscietion, as the inteiests of justice may iequiieu
14)
SEC. 1u. W%08".6 0.8 9",$%08".6 V+%,#"'.,=A question which suggests to the
witness the answei which the examining paity uesiies is a leauing question. It is not
alloweu, except:
(a) 0n cioss examination;
(b) 0n pieliminaiy matteis;
(c) When theie is uifficulty in getting uiiect anu intelligible answeis
fiom a witness who is ignoiant, oi a chilu of tenuei yeais, oi is of feeble minu,
oi a ueaf-mute;
292
(u) 0f an unwilling oi hostile witness; oi
(e) 0f a witness who is an auveise paity oi an officei, uiiectoi, oi
managing agent of a public oi piivate coipoiation oi of a paitneiship oi
association which is an auveise paity.
A misleauing question is one which assumes as tiue a fact not yet testifieu to
by the witness, oi contiaiy to that which he has pieviously stateu. It is not
alloweu.(Sa, 6a, anu 8a)
SEC. 11. -93%01)9%.# '( 087%2,% 302#;a, /"#.%,,=A witness may be
impeacheu by the paity against whom he was calleu, by contiauictoiy eviuence, by
eviuence that his geneial ieputation foi tiuth, honesty, oi integiity is bau, oi by
eviuence that he has maue at othei times statements inconsistent with his piesent
testimony, but not by eviuence of paiticulai wiongful acts, except that it may be
shown by the examination of the witness, oi the iecoiu of the juugment, that he has
been convicteu of an offense.(1S)
SEC. 12. D02#; 90; .'# "93%01) )", '/. /"#.%,,=Except with iespect to
witnesses iefeiieu to in paiagiaphs (u) anu (e) of Section 1u, the paity piouucing a
witness is not alloweu to impeach his cieuibility.
A witness may be consiueieu as unwilling oi hostile only if so ueclaieu by the
couit upon auequate showing of his auveise inteiest, unjustifieu ieluctance to
testify, oi his having misleu the paity into calling him to the witness stanu.
The unwilling oi hostile witness so ueclaieu, oi the witness who is an auveise
paity, may be impeacheu by the paity piesenting him in all iespects as if he hau
been calleu by the auveise paity, except by eviuence of his bau chaiactei. Be may
also be impeacheu anu cioss-examineu by the auveise paity, but such cioss-
examination must only be on the subject mattei of his examination-in-chief. (6a, 7a)
SEC. 1S. S'/ /"#.%,, "93%01)%8 4; %7"8%.1% '( ".1'.,",#%.# ,#0#%9%.#,=Befoie
a witness can be impeacheu by eviuence that he has maue at othei times statements
inconsistent with his piesent testimony, the statements must be ielateu to him, with
the ciicumstances of the times anu places anu the peisons piesent, anu he must be
askeu whethei he maue such statements, anu if so, alloweu to explain them. If the
statements be in wiiting they must be shown to the witness befoie any question is
put to him concein-ing them.(16)
SEC. 14. J7"8%.1% '( 6''8 1)0201#%2 '( /"#.%,,=Eviuence of the goou chaiactei
of a witness is not aumissible until such chaiactei has been impeacheu.( 17)
SEC. 1S. JL1$+,"'. 0.8 ,%3020#"'. '( /"#.%,,%,=0n any tiial oi heaiing, the
29S
juuge may excluue fiom the couit any witness not at the time unuei examination, so
that he may not heai the testimony of othei witnesses. The juuge may also cause
witnesses to be kept sepaiate anu to be pieventeu fiom conveising with one
anothei until all shall have been examineu.(18)
SEC. 16. C)%. /"#.%,, 90; 2%(%2 #' 9%9'20.8+9=A witness may be alloweu
to iefiesh his memoiy iespecting a fact, by anything wiitten oi iecoiueu by himself
oi unuei his uiiection at the time when the fact occuiieu, oi immeuiately theieaftei,
oi at any othei time when the fact was fiesh in his memoiy anu he knew that the
same was coiiectly wiitten oi iecoiueu; but in such case the wiiting oi iecoiu must
be piouuceu anu may be inspecteu by the auveise paity, who may, if he chooses,
cioss-examine the witness upon it, anu may ieau it in eviuence. So, also, a witness
may testify fiom such a wiiting oi iecoiu, though he ietain no iecollection of the
paiticulai facts, if he is able to sweai that the wiiting oi iecoiu coiiectly stateu the
tiansaction when maue; but such eviuence must be ieceiveu with caution.(1ua)
SEC. 17. C)%. 302# '( #20.,01#"'.< /2"#".6 '2 2%1'28 6"7%. ". %7"8%.1%< #)%
2%90".8%2 089",,"4$%=When pait of an act, ueclaiation, conveisation, wiiting oi
iecoiu is given in eviuence by one paity, the whole of the same subject may be
inquiieu into by the othei, anu when a uetacheu act, ueclaiation, conveisation,
wiiting oi iecoiu is given in eviuence, any othei act, ueclaiation, conveisation,
wiiting oi iecoiu necessaiy to its unueistanuing may also be given in
eviuence.(11a)
SEC. 18. *"6)# #' ".,3%1# /2"#".6 ,)'/. #' /"#.%,,=Whenevei a wiiting is
shown to a witness, it may be inspecteu by the auveise paity.(9a)
AB )"/@$(/-2)/-+( )(0 *!++4 +4 0+2"8$(/.
SEC. 19. 5$0,,%, '( 8'1+9%.#,=Foi the puipose of theii piesentation in
eviuence, uocuments aie eithei public oi piivate.
Public uocuments aie:
(a) The wiitten official acts, oi iecoius of the official acts of the
soveieign authoiity, official bouies anu tiibunals, anu public officeis, whethei
of the Philippines, oi of a foieign countiy;
(b) Bocuments acknowleugeu befoie a notaiy public except last wills
anu testaments; anu
(c) Public iecoius, kept in the Philippines, of piivate uocu-ments
iequiieu by law to be enteieu theiein.
All othei wiitings aie piivate.(2ua)
294
SEC. 2u. D2''( '( 32"70#% 8'1+9%.#=Befoie any piivate uocument offeieu as
authentic is ieceiveu in eviuence, its uue execution anu authenticity must be pioveu
eithei:
(a) By anyone who saw the uocument executeu oi wiitten; oi
(b) By eviuence of the genuineness of the signatuie oi hanuwiiting
of the makei.
Any othei piivate uocument neeu only be iuentifieu as that which it is claimeu
to be.(21a)
SEC. 21. C)%. %7"8%.1% '( 0+#)%.#"1"#; '( 32"70#% 8'1+9%.# .'# .%1%,,02;=
Wheie a piivate uocument is moie than thiity yeais olu, is piouuceu fiom a custouy
in which it woulu natuially be founu if genuine, anu is unblemisheu by any
alteiations oi ciicumstances of suspicion, no othei eviuence of its authenticity neeu
be given.(22a)
SEC. 22. S'/ 6%.+".%.%,, '( )0.8/2"#".6 32'7%8=The hanuwiiting of a peison
may be pioveu by any witness who believes it to be the hanuwiiting of such peison
because he has seen the peison wiite, oi has seen wiiting puipoiting to be his upon
which the witness has acteu oi been chaigeu, anu has thus acquiieu knowleuge of
the hanuwiiting of such peison. Eviuence iespecting the hanuwiiting may also be
given by a compaiison, maue by the witness oi the couit, with wiitings aumitteu oi
tieateu as genuine by the paity against whom the eviuence is offeieu, oi pioveu to
be genuine to the satisfaction of the juuge.(2Sa)
SEC. 2S. D+4$"1 8'1+9%.#, 0, %7"8%.1%=Bocuments consisting of entiies in
public iecoius maue in the peifoimance of a uuty by a public officei aie 32"90 (01"%
eviuence of the facts theiein stateu. All othei public uocuments aie eviuence, even
against a thiiu peison, of the fact which gave iise to theii execution anu of the uate
of the lattei.(24a)
SEC. 24. D2''( '( '(("1"0$ 2%1'28=The iecoiu of public uocuments iefeiieu to in
paiagiaph (a) of Section 19, when aumissible foi any puipose, may be eviuenceu by
an official publication theieof oi by a copy attesteu by the officei having the legal
custouy of the iecoiu, oi by his ueputy, anu accompanieu, if the iecoiu is not kept in
the Philippines, with a ceitificate that such officei has the custouy. If the office in
which the iecoiu is kept is in a foieign countiy, the ceitificate may be maue by a
secietaiy of the embassy oi legation, consul geneial, consul, vice consul, oi consulai
agent oi by any officei in the foieign seivice of the Philippines stationeu in the
foieign countiy in which the iecoiu is kept, anu authenticateu by the seal of his
office.(2Sa)
29S
SEC. 2S. C)0# 0##%,#0#"'. '( 1'3; 9+,# ,#0#%=Whenevei a copy of a uocument
oi iecoiu is attesteu foi the puipose of eviuence, the attestation must state, in
substance, that the copy is a coiiect copy of the oiiginal, oi a specific pait theieof, as
the case may be. The attestation must be unuei the official seal of the attesting
officei, if theie be any, oi if he be the cleik of a couit having a seal, unuei the seal of
such couit.(26a)
SEC. 26. -22%9'704"$"#; '( 3+4$"1 2%1'28=Any public iecoiu, an official copy of
which is aumissible in eviuence, must not be iemoveu fiom the office in which it is
kept, except upon oiuei of a couit wheie the inspection of the iecoiu is essential to
the just ueteimination of a penuing case.(27a)
SEC. 27. D+4$"1 2%1'28 '( 0 32"70#% 8'1+9%.#=An authoiizeu public iecoiu of a
piivate uocument may be pioveu by the oiiginal iecoiu, oi by a copy theieof,
attesteu by the legal custouian of the iecoiu, with an appiopiiate ceitificate that
such officei has the custouy .(28a)
SEC. 28. D2''( '( $01I '( 2%1'28=A wiitten statement signeu by an officei
having the custouy of an official iecoiu oi by his ueputy that aftei uiligent seaich no
iecoiu oi entiy of a specifieu tenoi is founu to exist in the iecoius of his office,
accompanieu by a ceitificate as above pioviueu, is aumissible as eviuence that the
iecoius of his office contain no such iecoiu oi entiy.(29)
SEC. 29. S'/ B+8"1"0$ 2%1'28 "93%01)%8=Any juuicial iecoiu may be
impeacheu by eviuence of: (a) want of juiisuiction in the couit oi juuicial officei, (b)
collusion between the paities, oi (c) fiauu in the paity offeiing the iecoiu, in iespect
to the pioceeuings.(Sua)
SEC. Su. D2''( '( .'#02"0$ 8'1+9%.#,=Eveiy instiument uuly acknowleugeu oi
pioveu anu ceitifieu as pioviueu by law, may be piesenteu in eviuence without
fuithei pioof, the ceitificate of acknowleugment being 32"90 (01"% eviuence of the
execution of the instiument oi uocument involveu.(S1a)
SEC. S1. H$#%20#"'., ". 8'1+9%.#< )'/ #' %L3$0".=The paity piouucing a
uocument as genuine which has been alteieu anu appeais to have been alteieu aftei
its execution, in a pait mateiial to the question in uispute, must account foi the
alteiation. Be may show that the alteiation was maue by anothei, without his
concuiience, oi was maue with the consent of the paities affecteu by it, oi was
otheiwise piopeily oi innocently maue, oi that the alteiation uiu not change the
meaning oi language of the instiument. If he fails to uo that, the uocument shall not
be aumissible in eviuence.(S2a)
SEC. S2. >%0$=Theie shall be no uiffeience between sealeu anu unsealeu
296
piivate uocuments insofai as theii aumissibility as eviuence is conceineu.(SSa)
SEC. SS. K'1+9%.#02; %7"8%.1% ". 0. +.'(("1"0$ $0.6+06%=Bocuments wiitten
in an unofficial language shall not be aumitteu as eviuence, unless accompanieu with
a tianslation into English oi Filipino. To avoiu inteiiuption of pioceeuings, paities
oi theii attoineys aie uiiecteu to have such tianslation piepaieu befoie tiial.(S4a)
2B +44$! )(0 +AD$2/-+(
SEC. S4. :((%2 '( %7"8%.1%=The couit shall consiuei no eviuence which has not
been foimally offeieu. The puipose foi which the eviuence is offeieu must be
specifieu.(SS)
SEC. SS. C)%. #' 90I% '((%2=H, iegaius the testimony of a witness, the offei
must be maue at the time the witness is calleu to testify.
Bocumentaiy anu object eviuence shall be offeieu aftei the piesentation of a
paity's testimonial eviuence. Such offei shall be uone oially unless alloweu by the
couit to be uone in wiiting, (n)
SEC. S6. :4B%1#"'.=0bjection to eviuence offeieu oially must be maue
immeuiately aftei the offei is maue.
0bjection to a question piopounueu in the couise of the oial examination of a
witness shall be maue as soon as the giounus theiefoi shall become ieasonably
appaient.
An offei of eviuence in wiiting shall be objecteu to within thiee (S) uays aftei
notice of the offei unless a uiffeient peiiou is alloweu by the couit.
In any case, the giounus foi the objections must be specifieu. (S6a)
SEC. S7. C)%. 2%3%#"#"'. '( '4B%1#"'. +..%1%,,02;=When it becomes
ieasonably appaient in the couise of the examination of a witness that the questions
being piopounueu aie of the same class as those to which objection has been maue,
whethei such objection was sustaineu oi oveiiuleu, it shall not be necessaiy to
iepeat the objection, it being sufficient foi the auveise paity to iecoiu his continuing
objection to such class of questions.(S7a)
SEC. S8. *+$".6=The iuling of the couit must be given immeuiately aftei the
objection is maue, unless the couit uesiies to take a ieasonable time to infoim itself
on the question piesenteu; but the iuling shall always be maue uuiing the tiial anu
at such time as will give the paity against whom it is maue an oppoitunity to meet
the situation piesenteu by the iuling.
The ieason foi sustaining oi oveiiuling an objection neeu not be stateu.
297
Bowevei, if the objection is baseu on two oi moie giounus, a iuling sustaining the
objection on one oi some of them must specify the giounu oi giounus ielieu
upon.(S8a)
SEC. S9. >#2"I".6 '+# 0.,/%2=Shoulu a witness answei the question befoie the
auveise paity hau the oppoitunity to voice fully its objection to the same, anu such
objection is founu to be meiitoiious, the couit shall sustain the objection anu oiuei
the answei given to be stiicken off the iecoiu.
0n piopei motion, the couit may also oiuei the stiiking out of answeis which
aie incompetent, iiielevant, oi otheiwise impiopei.(n)
SEC. 4u. !%.8%2 '( %L1$+8%8 %7"8%.1%=If uocuments oi things offeieu in
eviuence aie excluueu by the couit, the offeioi may have the same attacheu to oi
maue pait of the iecoiu. If the eviuence excluueu is oial, the offeioi may state foi
the iecoiu the same anu othei peisonal ciicumstances of the witness anu the
substance of the pioposeu testimony.(n)

!"#$ &55
?$-'@/ )(0 ."44-2-$(21 +4 $,-0$(2$
SECTI0N 1. D2%3'.8%20.1% '( %7"8%.1%< )'/ 8%#%29".%8= In civil cases, the
paity having the buiuen of pioof must establish his case by a pieponueiance of
eviuence. In ueteimining wheie the pieponueiance oi supeiioi weight of eviuence
on the issues involveu lies, the couit may consiuei all the facts anu ciicumstances of
the case, the witnesses' mannei of testifying, theii intelligence, theii means anu
oppoitunity of knowing the facts to which they aie testifying, the natuie of the facts
to which they testify, the piobability oi impiobability of theii testimony, theii
inteiest oi want of inteiest, anu also theii peisonal cieuibility so fai as the same
may legitimately appeai upon the tiial. The couit may also consiuei the numbei of
witnesses, though the pieponueiance is not necessaiily with the gieatei
numbei.(1a)
SEC. 2. D2''( 4%;'.8 2%0,'.04$% 8'+4#=In a ciiminal case, the accuseu is
entitleu to an acquittal, unless his guilt is shown beyonu ieasonable uoubt. Pioof
298
beyonu ieasonable uoubt uoes not mean such a uegiee of pioof as, excluuing
possibility of eiioi, piouuces absolute ceitainty. Noial ceitainty only is iequiieu, oi
that uegiee of pioof which piouuces conviction in an unpiejuuiceu minu.(2a)
SEC. S. JL#20B+8"1"0$ 1'.(%,,"'.< .'# ,+(("1"%.# 62'+.8 ('2 1'.7"1#"'.=An
extiajuuicial confession maue by an accuseu, shall not be sufficient giounu foi
conviction, unless coiioboiateu by eviuence '( 1'23+, 8%$"1#"=OdP
SEC. 4. 5"21+9,#0.#"0$ %7"8%.1%< /)%. ,+(("1"%.#=Ciicumstantial eviuence is
sufficient foi conviction if:
(a) Theie is moie than one ciicumstance;
(b) The facts fiom which the infeiences aie ueiiveu aie pioven; anu
(c) The combination of all the ciicumstances is such as to piouuce a
conviction beyonu ieasonable uoubt.(S)
SEC. S. >+4,#0.#"0$ %7"8%.1%=In cases fileu befoie auministiative oi quasi-
juuicial bouies, a fact may be ueemeu establisheu if it is suppoiteu by substantial
eviuence, oi that amount of ielevant eviuence which a ieasonable minu might
accept as auequate to justify a conclusion.(n)
SEC. 6. D'/%2 '( #)% 1'+2# #' ,#'3 (+2#)%2 %7"8%.1%=The couit may stop the
intiouuction of fuithei testimony upon any paiticulai point when the eviuence upon
it is alieauy so full that moie witnesses to the same point cannot be ieasonably
expecteu to be auuitionally peisuasive. But this powei shoulu be exeiciseu with
caution.(6)
SEC. 7. J7"8%.1% '. 9'#"'.=When a motion is baseu on facts not appeaiing of
iecoiu the couit may heai the mattei on affiuavits oi uepositions piesenteu by the
iespective paities, but the couit may uiiect that the mattei be heaiu wholly oi
paitly on oial testimony oi uepositions.(7)

!"#$ &56
*$!*$/")/-+( +4 /$./-8+(1
299
SECTI0N 1. D%#"#"'.=A peison who uesiies to peipetuate his own testimony
oi that of anothei peison iegaiuing any mattei that may be cognizable in any couit
of the Philippines, may file a veiifieu petition in the couit of the piovince of the
iesiuence of any expecteu auveise paity.
SEC. 2. 5'.#%.#, '( 3%#"#"'.=RThe petition shall be entitleu in the name of the
petitionei anu shall show: (a) that the petitionei expects to be a paity to an action in
a couit of the Philippines but is piesently unable to biing it oi cause it to be biought;
(b) the subject mattei of the expecteu action anu his inteiest theiein; (c) the facts
which he uesiies to establish by the pioposeu testimony anu his ieasons foi uesiiing
to peipetuate it; (u) the names oi a uesciiption of the peisons he expects will be
auveise paities anu theii auuiesses so fai as known; anu (e) the names anu
auuiesses of the peisons to be examineu anu the substance of the testimony which
he expects to elicit fiom each, anu shall ask foi an oiuei authoiizing the petitionei to
take the uepositions of the peisons to be examineu nameu in the petition foi the
puipose of peipetuating theii testimony.
SEC. S. E'#"1% 0.8 ,%27"1%=The petitionei shall theieaftei seive a notice upon
each peison nameu in the petition as an expecteu auveise paity, togethei with a
copy of the petition, stating that the petitionei will apply to the couit, at a time anu
place nameu theiein, foi the oiuei uesciibeu in the petition. At least twenty (2u)
uays befoie the uate of heaiing the notice shall be seiveu in the mannei pioviueu
foi seivice of summons.
SEC. 4. :28%2 '( %L09".0#"'.=If the couit is satisfieu that the peipetuation of
the testimony may pievent a failuie oi uelay of justice, it shall make an oiuei
uesignating oi uesciibing the peisons whose ueposition may be taken anu
specifying the subject mattei of the examination, anu whethei the uepositions shall
be taken upon oial examination oi wiitten inteiiogatoiies. The uepositions may
then be taken in accoiuance with Rule 24 befoie the heaiing.
SEC. S. *%(%2%.1% #' 1'+2#=Foi the puipose of applying Rule 24 to ueposition
foi peipetuating testimony, each iefeience theiein to the couit in which the action is
penuing shall be ueemeu to iefei to the couit in which the petition foi such
ueposition was fileu.
SEC. 6. G,% '( 8%3',"#"'.=If a ueposition to peipetuate testimony is taken
unuei this iule, oi if, although not so taken, it woulu be aumissible in eviuence, it
may be useu in any action involving the same subject mattei subsequently biought
in accoiuance with the piovisions of Sections 4 anu S of Rule 24.
SEC. 7. K%3',"#"'., 3%.8".6 033%0$=If an appeal has been taken fiom a
Suu
juugment of the Regional Tiial Couit oi befoie the taking of an appeal if the time
theiefoi has not expiieu, the Regional Tiial Couit in which the juugment was
ienueieu may allow the taking of uepositions of witnesses to peipetuate theii
testimony foi use in the event of fuithei pioceeuings in the saiu couit. In such case
the paity who uesiies to peipetuate the testimony may make a motion in the saiu
Regional Tiial Couit foi leave to take the uepositions, upon the same notice anu
seivice theieof as if the action was penuing theiein. The motion shall show (a) the
names anu auuiesses of the peisons to be examineu anu the substance of the
testimony which he expects to elicit fiom each; anu (b) the ieason foi peipetuating
theii testimony. If the couit finus that the peipetuation of the testimony is piopei to
avoiu a failuie oi uelay of justice, it may make an oiuei allowing the uepositions to
be taken, anu theieupon the uepositions may be taken anu useu in the same mannei
anu unuei the same conuitions as aie piesciibeu in these iules foi uepositions taken
in actions penuing in the Regional Tiial Couit.(7)

*)!/ ,
#$')# $/@-2.
!"#$ &57
*+?$!. )(0 0"/-$. +4 2+"!/. )(0 D"0-2-)# +44-2$!.
SECTI0N 1. 5'+2#, 0$/0;, '3%.? B+,#"1% #' 4% 32'93#$; 0.8 "9302#"0$$;
089".",#%2%8=Couits of justice shall always be open, except on legal holiuays, foi
the filing of any pleauings, motion oi othei papeis, foi the tiial of cases, heaiing of
motions, anu foi the issuance of oiueis oi ienuition of juugments. }ustice shall be
impaitially auministeieu without unnecessaiy uelay.
SEC. 2. D+4$"1"#; '( 32'1%%8".6, 0.8 2%1'28,=The sitting of eveiy couit of
justice shall be public, but any couit may, in its uiscietion, excluue the public when
the eviuence to be auuuceu is of such natuie as to iequiie theii exclusion in the
inteiest of moiality oi uecency. The iecoius of eveiy couit of justice shall be public
iecoius anu shall be available foi the inspection of any inteiesteu peison, at all
Su1
piopei business houis, unuei the supeivision of the cleik having custouy of such
iecoius, unless the couit shall, in any special case, have foibiuuen theii publicity, in
the inteiest of moiality oi uecency.
SEC. S. D2'1%,, '( ,+3%2"'2 1'+2#, %.('21%8 #)2'+6)'+# #)% D)"$"33".%,=Piocess
issueu fiom a supeiioi couit in which a case is penuing to biing in a uefenuant, 0i
foi the aiiest of any accuseu peison, oi to execute any oiuei oi juugment of the
couit, may be enfoiceu in any pait of the Philippines.
SEC. 4. D2'1%,, '( ".(%2"'2 1'+2#,=The piocess of infeiioi couits shall be
enfoiceable within the piovince wheie the municipality oi city lies. It shall not be
seiveu outsiue the bounuaiies of the piovince in which they aie compiiseu except
with the appioval of the juuge of the Regional Tiial Couit of saiu piovince, anu only
in the following cases:
(a) When an oiuei foi the ueliveiy of peisonal piopeity lying
outsiue the piovince is to be complieu with;
(b) When an attachment of ieal oi peisonal piopeity lying outsiue
the piovince is to be maue;
(c) When the action is against two oi moie uefenuants iesiuing in
uiffeient piovinces; anu
(u) When the place wheie the case has been biought is that
specifieu in a contiact in wiiting between the paities, oi is the place of the
execution of such contiact as appeais theiefiom.
Wiits of execution issueu by infeiioi couits may be enfoiceu in any pait of the
Philippines without any pievious appioval of the juuge of fiist instance.
Ciiminal piocess may be issueu by a justice of the peace oi othei infeiioi couit,
to be seiveu outsiue his piovince, when the uistiict juuge, oi in his absence the
piovincial fiscal, shall ceitify that in his opinion the inteiests of justice iequiie such
seivice.
SEC. S. -.)%2%.# 3'/%2, '( 1'+2#,=Eveiy couit shall have powei:
(a) To pieseive anu enfoice oiuei in its immeuiate piesence;
(b) To enfoice oiuei in pioceeuings befoie it, oi befoie a peison oi
peisons empoweieu to conuuct a juuicial investigation unuei its authoiity;
(c) To compel obeuience to its juugments, oiueis anu piocesses, anu
to the lawful oiueis of a juuge out of couit, in a case penuing theiein;
Su2
(u) To contiol, in fuitheiance of justice, the conuuct of its ministeiial
officeis, anu of all othei peisons in any mannei connecteu with a case befoie it,
in eveiy mannei appeitaining theieto;
(e) To compel the attenuance of peisons to testify in a case penuing
theiein;
(f) To auministei oi cause to be auministeieu oaths in a case
penuing theiein, anu in all othei cases wheie it may be necessaiy in the
exeicise of its poweis;
(g) To amenu anu contiol its piocess anu oiueis so as to make them
confoimable to law anu justice;
(h) To authoiize a copy of a lost oi uestioyeu pleauing oi othei
papei to be fileu anu useu insteau of the oiiginal, anu to iestoie, anu supply
ueficiencies in its iecoius anu pioceeuings.
SEC. 6. A%0., #' 1022; B+2",8"1#"'. ".#' %((%1#=When by law juiisuiction is
confeiieu on a couit oi juuicial officei, all auxiliaiy wiits, piocesses anu othei
means necessaiy to caiiy it into effect may be employeu by such couit oi officei;
anu if the pioceuuie to be followeu in the exeicise of such juiisuiction is not
specifically pointeu out by law oi by these iules, any suitable piocess oi moue of
pioceeuing may be auopteu which appeais confoimable to the spiiit of saiu law oi
iules.
SEC. 7. !2"0$, 0.8 )%02".6,? '28%2, ". 1)094%2,=All tiials upon the meiits shall
be conuucteu in open couit anu so fai as convenient in a iegulai couit ioom. All
othei acts oi pioceeuings may be uone oi conuucteu by a juuge in chambeis,
without the attenuance of the cleik oi othei couit officials.
SEC. 8. -.#%2$'1+#'2; '28%2, '+# '( 32'7".1%=A juuge of Regional Tiial Couit
shall have powei to heai anu ueteimine, when within the uistiict though without his
piovince, any inteilocutoiy motion oi issue aftei uue anu ieasonable notice to the
paities. 0n the filing of a petition foi the wiit of )04%0, 1'23+, oi foi ielease upon
bail oi ieuuction of bail in any Regional Tiial Couit, the heaiings may be hau at any
place in the juuicial uistiict which the juuge shall ueem convenient.
SEC. 9. >"6.".6 B+869%.#, '+# '( 32'7".1%=Whenevei a juuge appointeu oi
assigneu in any piovince oi bianch of a Regional Tiial Couit in a piovince shall leave
the piovince by tiansfei oi assignment to anothei couit of equal juiisuiction, oi by
expiiation of his tempoiaiy assignment, without having ueciueu a case totally heaiu
by him anu which was aigueu oi an oppoitunity given foi aigument to the paities oi
theii counsel, it shall be lawful foi him to piepaie anu sign his uecision in saiu case
SuS
anywheie within the Philippines. Be shall senu the same by iegisteieu mail to the
cleik of the couit wheie the case was heaiu oi aigueu to be fileu theiein as of the
uate when the same was ieceiveu by the cleik, in the same mannei as if he hau been
piesent in couit to uiiect the filing of the juugment. If a case has been only in pait,
the Supieme Couit, upon petition of any of the paities to the case anu the
iecommenuation of the iespective uistiict juuge, may also authoiize the juuge who
has paitly heaiu the case, if no othei juuge hau heaiu the case in pait, to continue
heaiing anu to ueciue saiu case notwithstanuing his tiansfei oi appointment to
anothei couit of equal juiisuiction.


!"#$ &59
2+"!/ !$2+!0 )(0 '$($!)# 0"/-$. +4 2#$!:. )(0 ./$(+'!)*@$!.
SECTI0N 1. Aims 0.8 62%0# ,%0$ '( 1'+2#=The aims anu gieat seal of the
Supieme Couit aie these:
"AimsPaleways of two pieces 0U+2% anu 6+$%, supei-imposeu a balance '2
centei with two tablets containing the commanuments of uou '2 on eithei siue; a
chief 026%.# with thiee mullets '2 equiuistant fiom each othei, in point of honoi,
avoiu 026%.# ovei all the sun iayonnant oi with eight majoi anu minoi iays."
"The gieat seal of the Supieme Couit shall be ciiculai in foim, with the aims as
uesciibeu in the last pieceuing paiagiaph anu a scioll aigent with the following
insciiptions: Lex Populusque, anu suiiounuing the whole a gailanu of lauiel leaves
in oi? aiounu the gailanu the text "Supieme Couit, Republic of the Philippines."
"The aims anu seal of the Couit of Appeals shall be the same as that of the
Supieme Couit with the only uiffeience that in the seal shall beai aiounu the
gailanu the text "Couit of Appeals, Republic of the Philippines."
"The aims anu seal of the Regional Tiial Couit shall be the same as that of the
Su4
Supieme Couit with the only uiffeience that the seal shall beai aiounu the gailanu
the text "Regional Tiial Couit, the name of the piovince, Republic of the Philippines."
(H, 09%.8%8 4; *%,'$+#"'. '( #)% >+32%9% 5'+2#< 80#%8 E'7= ^e< ^Y]\=)
SEC. 2. >#;$% '( 32'1%,,=Piocess shall be unuei the seal of the couit fiom
which it issues, be styleu "Republic of the Philippines, Piovince
of_____________________" to be signeu by the cleik anu beai uate the uay it actually
issueu.
SEC. S. 5$%2Ia, '(("1%=RThe cleik's office, with the cleik oi his ueputy in
attenuance, shall be open uuiing business houis on all uays except Sunuays anu
legal holiuays. The cleik of the Supieme Couit anu that of the Couit of Appeals shall
keep office at Nanila anu all papeis authoiizeu oi iequiieu to be fileu theiein shall
be fileu at Nanila.
SEC. 4. -,,+0.1% 4; 1$%2I '( 32'1%,,=The cleik of a supeiioi couit shall issue
unuei the seal of the couit all oiuinaiy wiits anu piocess inciuent to penuing cases,
the issuance of which uoes not involve the exeicise of functions appeitaining to the
couit oi juuge only; anu may, unuei the uiiection of the couit oi juuge, make out
anu sign letteis of auministiation, appointments of guaiuians, tiustees anu
ieceiveis, anu all wiits anu piocess issuing fiom the couit.
SEC. S. K+#"%, '( #)% 1$%2I ". #)% 04,%.1% '2 4; 8"2%1#"'. '( #)% B+86%=In the
absence of the juuge, the cleik may peifoim all the uuties of the juuge in ieceiving
applications, petitions, inventoiies, iepoits, anu the issuance of all oiueis anu
notices that follow as a mattei of couise unuei these iules, anu may also, when
uiiecteu so to uo by the juuge, ieceive the accounts off executois, auministiatois,
guaiuians, tiustees, anu ieceiveis, anu all eviuence ielating to them, oi to the
settlement of the estates of ueceaseu peisons, oi to guaiuianships, tiusteeships, oi
ieceiveiships anu foithwith tiansmit such iepoits, accounts, anu eviuence to the
juuge, togethei with his finuings in ielation to the same, if the juuge shall uiiect him
to make finuings anu incluue the same in his iepoit.
SEC. 6. 5$%2I ,)0$$ 2%1%"7% 303%2, 0.8 32%302% 9".+#%,= The cleik of each
supeiioi couit shall ieceive anu file all pleauings anu othei papeis piopeily
piesenteu, enuoising on each such papei the time when it was fileu, anu shall attenu
all of the sessions of the couit anu entei its pioceeuings foi each uay in a minute
book to be kept by him.
SEC. 7. >0(%I%%3".6 '( 32'3%2#;=The cleik shall safely keep all iecoius, papeis,
files, exhibits anu public piopeity committeu to his chaige, incluuing the libiaiy of
the couit, anu the seal anu fuinituie belonging to his office.
SuS
SEC. 8. M%.%20$ 8'1I%#=The cleik shall keep a geneial uocket, each page of
which shall be numbeieu anu piepaieu foi ieceiving all the entiies in a single case,
anu shall entei theiein all cases, numbeieu consecutively in the oiuei in which they
weie ieceiveu, anu, unuei the heauing of each case anu a complete title theieof, the
uate of each papei fileu oi issueu, of each oiuei oi juugment enteieu, anu of each
othei step taken in the case, so that by iefeience to a single page the histoiy of the
case may be seen.
SEC. 9. @+869%.# 0.8 %.#2"%, 4''I=The cleik shall keep a juugment book
containing a copy of each juugment ienueieu by the couit in oiuei of its uate, anu a
book of entiies of juugments containing at length in chionological oiuei entiies of
all final juugments oi oiueis of the couit.
SEC. 1u. JL%1+#"'. 4''I=The cleik shall keep an execution book in which he
oi his ueputy shall iecoiu at length in chionological oiuei each execution, anu the
officei's ietuin theieon, by viitue of which ieal piopeity has been solu.
SEC. 11. 5%2#"("%8 1'3"%,=The cleik shall piepaie, foi any peison uemanuing
the same, a copy ceitifieu unuei the seal of the couit of any papei, iecoiu, oiuei,
juugment, oi entiy in his office, piopei to be ceitifieu, foi the fees piesciibeu by
these iules.
SEC. 12. :#)%2 4''I, 0.8 8+#"%,=RThe cleik shall keep such othei books anu
peifoim such othei uuties as the couit may uiiect.
SEC. 1S. -.8%L? ,%3020#".6 10,%,=The geneial uocket, juugment book, entiies
book anu execution book shall each be inuexeu in alphabetical oiuei in the names of
the paities, anu each of them. If the couit so uiiects, the cleik shall keep two oi moie
of eithei oi all of the books anu uockets above mentioneu, sepaiating civil fiom
ciiminal cases, oi actions fiom special pioceeuings, oi otheiwise keeping cases
sepaiateu by classes as the couit shall ueem best.
SEC. 14. !0I".6 '( 2%1'28 (2'9 #)% 1$%2Ia, '(("1%=No iecoiu shall be taken fiom
the cleik's office without an oiuei of the couit except as otheiwise pioviueu by
these iules. Bowevei, the Solicitoi ueneial oi any of his assistants, the piovincial
fiscal oi his ueputy, anu the attoineys 8% '("1"' shall be peimitteu, upon piopei
ieceipt, to withuiaw fiom the cleik's office the iecoiu of any cases in which they aie
inteiesteu.
SEC. 1S. G.32".#%8 303%2,=All unpiinteu uocuments piesenteu to the
supeiioi couits of the Philippines shall be wiitten on papei of goou quality twelve
anu thiee eight inches in length by eight anu one-half inches in wiuth, leaving a
maigin at the top anu at the left-hanu siue not less than one inch anu one-half in
Su6
wiuth. D03%$ 10#0$0.< of the fiist anu seconu classes, legal cap, anu typewiiting papei
of such weight as not to peimit the wiiting of moie than one oiiginal anu two
caibons at one time, will be accepteu, pioviueu that such papei is of the iequiieu
size anu of goou quality. Bocuments wiitten with ink shall not be of moie than
twenty-five lines to one page. Typewiitten uocuments shall be wiitten uouble-
spaceu. 0ne siue only of the page will be wiitten upon, anu the uiffeient sheets will
be sewn togethei, fiimly, by five stitches in the left-hanu boiuei in oiuei to facilitate
the foimation of the %L3%8"%.#,< anu they must not be uoubleu.
SEC. 16. D2".#%8 303%2,=All papeis iequiieu by these iules to be piinteu shall
be piinteu with black ink on unglazeu papei, with pages six inches in wiuth by nine
inches in length, in pamphlet foim. The type useu shall not be smallei than twelve
point. The papei useu shall be of sufficient weight to pievent the piinting upon one
siue fiom being visible upon the othei.
SEC. 17. >#%.'6203)%2=RIt shall be the uuty of the stenogiaphei who has
attenueu a session of a couit eithei in the moining oi in the afteinoon, to uelivei to
the cleik of couit, immeuiately at the close of such moining oi afteinoon session, all
the notes he has taken, to be attacheu to the iecoiu of the case; anu it shall likewise
be the uuty of the cleik to uemanu that the stenogiaphei comply with saiu uuty. The
cleik of couit shall stamp the uate on which notes aie ieceiveu by him. When such
notes aie tiansciibeu the tiansciipt shall be ueliveieu to the cleik, uuly initialeu on
each page theieof, to be attacheu to the iecoiu of the case.
Whenevei iequesteu by a paity, any statement maue by a juuge of fiist
instance, oi by a commissionei, with iefeience to a case being tiieu by him, oi to any
of the paities theieto, oi to any witness oi attoiney, uuiing the heaiing of such case,
shall be maue of iecoiu in the stenogiaphic notes.
SEC. 18. K'1I%# 0.8 '#)%2 2%1'28, '( ".(%2"'2 1'+2#,.Eveiy municipal oi city
juuge shall keep a well-bounu book labeleu "uocket," in which he shall entei foi each
case:
(a) The title of the case incluuing the names of all the paities;
(b) The natuie of the case, whethei civil oi ciiminal, anu if the lattei,
the offense chaigeu;
(c) The uate of issuing pieliminaiy anu inteimeuiate piocess
incluuing oiueis of aiiest anu subpoenas, anu the uate anu natuie of the
ietuin theieon;
(u) The uate of the appeaiance oi uefault of the uefenuant;
Su7
(e) The uate of piesenting the plea, answei, oi motion to quash, anu
the natuie of the same;
(f) The minutes of the tiial, incluuing the uate theieof anu of all
aujouinments;
(g) The names anu auuiesses of all witnesses;
(h) The uate anu natuie of the juugment, anu, in a civil case, the ielief
gianteu;
(i) An itemizeu statement of the costs;
(j) The uate of any execution issueu, anu the uate anu contents of the
ietuin theieon;
(k) The uate of any notice of appeal fileu, anu the name of the paity
filing the same.
A municipal oi city juuge may keep two uockets, one foi civil anu one foi
ciiminal cases. Be shall also keep all the pleauing anu othei papeis anu exhibits in
cases penuing in his couit, anu shall ceitify copies of his uocket entiies anu othei
iecoius piopei to be ceitifieu, foi the fees piesciibeu by these iules. It shall not be
necessaiy foi the municipal oi city juuge to ieuuce to wiiting the testimony of
witnesses, except that of the accuseu in pieliminaiy investigations.
SEC. 19. J.#2; '. 8'1I%# '( ".(%2"'2 1'+2#,=Each Netiopolitan Tiial juuge
shall, at the beginning anu in fiont of all his entiies in his uocket, make anu
subsciibe substantially the following entiy:
"A uocket of pioceeuings in cases befoie ______________________.,
___________________________ (metiopolitan tiial juuge) of the municipality (oi city) of
________________________________________ in the piovince of
_____________________________________, Republic of the Philippines.
Witness my signatuie,
__________________________
A+."1"30$ O'2 A%#2'3'$"#0. !2"0$ @+86%Pb

!"#$ &5;
Su8
0-.G")#-4-2)/-+( +4 D"0-2-)# +44-2$!.
SECTI0N 1. K",V+0$"("10#"'. '( B+86%,=No juuge oi juuicial officei shall sit in
any case in which he, oi his wife oi chilu, is pecuniaiily inteiesteu as heii, legatee,
cieuitoi oi otheiwise, oi in which he is ielateu to eithei paity within the sixth
uegiee of consanguinity oi affinity, oi to counsel within the fouith uegiee, computeu
accoiuing to the iules of the civil law, oi in which he has been executoi,
auministiatoi, guaiuian, tiustee oi counsel, oi in which he has piesiueu in any
infeiioi couit when his iuling oi uecision is the subject of ieview, without the
wiitten consent of all paities in inteiest, signeu by them anu enteieu upon the
iecoiu.
A juuge may, in the exeicise of his sounu uiscietion, uisqualify himself fiom
sitting in a case, foi just oi valiu ieasons othei than those mentioneu above.
SEC. 2. :4B%1#"'. #)0# B+86% 8",V+0$"("%8< )'/ 908% 0.8 %((%1#=If it be claimeu
that an official is uisqualifieu fiom sitting as above pioviueu, the paity objecting to
his competency may, in wiiting, file with the official his objection, stating the
giounus theiefoi, anu the official shall theieupon pioceeu with the tiial, oi
withuiaw, theiefiom in accoiuance with his ueteimination of the question of his
uisqualification. Bis uecision shall be foithwith maue in wiiting anu fileu with the
othei papeis in the case, but no appeal oi stay shall be alloweu fiom, oi by means of,
his uecision in favoi of his own competency, until aftei final juugment in the case.

!"#$ &5<
)//+!($1. )(0 )08-..-+( /+ A)!
SECTI0N 1. C)' 90; 3201#"1% $0/=Any peison heietofoie uuly aumitteu as a
membei of the bai, oi theieaftei aumitteu as such in accoiuance with the piovisions
of this iule, anu who is in goou anu iegulai stanuing, is entitleu to piactice law.
SEC. 2. *%V+"2%9%.#, ('2 0$$ 033$"10.#, ('2 089",,"'. #' #)% 402=Eveiy
applicant foi aumission as a membei of the bai must be a citizen of the Philippines,
at least twenty-one yeais of age, of goou moial chaiactei, anu a iesiuent of the
Philippines; anu must piouuce befoie the Supieme Couit satisfactoiy eviuence of
Su9
goou moial chaiactei, anu that no chaiges against him, involving moial tuipituue,
have been fileu oi aie penuing in any couit in the Philippines.
SEC. S. *%V+"2%9%.#, ('2 $0/;%2, /)' 02% 1"#"U%., '( #)% G."#%8 >#0#%, '(
H9%2"10=Citizens of the 0niteu States of Ameiica who, befoie }uly 4, 1946, weie
uuly licenseu membeis of the Philippine Bai, in active piactice in the couits of the
Philippines anu in goou anu iegulai stanuing as such may, upon satisfactoiy pioof of
those facts befoie the Supieme Couit, be alloweu to continue such piactice aftei
taking the following oath of office:
"I,_____________, having been peimitteu to continue in the piactice of law in the
Philippines, uo solemnly sweai that I iecognize the supieme authoiity of the
Republic of the Philippines; I will suppoit its Constitution anu obey the laws as well
as the legal oiueis of the uuly constituteu authoiities theiein; I will uo no falsehoou,
noi consent to the uoing of any in couit; I will not wittingly oi willingly piomote oi
sue any giounuless, false oi unlawful suit, noi give aiu noi consent to the same; I
will uelay no man foi money oi malice, anu will conuuct myself as a lawyei
accoiuing to the best of my knowleuge anu uiscietion with all goou fiuelity as well
to the couits as to my clients; anu I impose upon myself this voluntaiy obligation
without any mental ieseivation oi puipose of evasion. So help me uou."
SEC. 4. *%V+"2%9%.#, ('2 033$"10.#, (2'9 '#)%2 B+2",8"1#"'.,=Applicants foi
aumission who, being Filipino citizens, aie eniolleu attoineys in goou stanuing in
the Supieme Couit of the 0niteu States oi in any ciicuit Couit of Appeals oi uistiict
couit theiein, oi in the highest couit of any State oi Teiiitoiy of the 0niteu States,
anu who can show by satisfactoiy ceitificates that they have piacticeu at least five
yeais in any of saiu couits, that such piactice began befoie }uly 4, 1946, anu that
they have nevei been suspenueu oi uisbaiieu, may, in the uiscietion of the Couit, be
aumitteu without examination.
SEC. S. H88"#"'.0$ 2%V+"2%9%.#, ('2 '#)%2 033$"10.#,=All applicants foi
aumission othei than those iefeiieu to in the two pieceuing sections shall, befoie
being aumitteu to the examination, satisfactoiily show that they have iegulaily
stuuieu law foi foui yeais, anu successfully completeu all piesciibeu couises, in a
law ,school oi univeisity, officially appioveu anu iecognizeu by the Secietaiy of
Euucation. The affiuavit of the canuiuate, accom-panieu by a ceitificate fiom the
univeisity oi school of law, shall be fileu as eviuence of such facts, anu fuithei
eviuence may be iequiieu by the couit.
No applicant shall be aumitteu to the bai examination unless he has
satisfactoiily completeu the following couises in a law school oi univeisity uuly
S1u
iecognizeu by the goveinment: civil law, commeicial law, iemeuial law, ciiminal
law, public anu piivate inteinational law, political law, laboi anu social legislation,
meuical juiispiuuence, taxation anu legal ethics.
SEC. 6. D2%FW0/=No applicant foi aumission to the bai examination shall be
aumitteu unless he piesents a ceitificate that he has satisfieu the Secietaiy of
Euucation that, befoie he began the stuuy of law, he hau puisueu anu satisfactoiily
completeu in an authoiizeu anu iecognizeu univeisity oi college, iequiiing foi
aumission theieto the completion of a foui-yeai high school couise, the couise of
stuuy piesciibeu theiein foi a bacheloi's uegiee in aits oi sciences with any of the
following subjects as majoi oi fielu of concentiation: political science, logic, English,
Spanish, histoiy anu economics.*
SEC. 7. !"9% ('2 ("$".6 32''( '( V+0$"("10#"'.,=All applicants foi aumission shall
file with the cleik of the Supieme Couit the eviuence iequiieu by section 2 of this
iule at least fifteen (1S) uays befoie the beginning of the examination. If not
embiaceu within sections S anu 4 of this iule they shall also file within the same
peiiou the affiuavit anu ceitificate iequiieu by section S, anu if embiaceu within
sections S anu 4 they shall exhibit a license eviuencing the fact of theii aumission to
piactice, satisfactoiy eviuence that the same has not been ievokeu, anu ceitificates
as to theii piofessional stanuing. Applicants shall also file at the same time theii
own affiuavits as to theii age, iesiuence, anu citizenship.
SEC. 8. E'#"1% '( 033$"10#"'.,=Notice of applications foi aumission shall be
publisheu by the cleik of the Supieme Couit in newspapeis publisheu in Filipino,
English anu Spanish, foi at least ten (1u) uays befoie the beginning of the
examination.
SEC. 9. JL09".0#"'.? ,+4B%1#,=Applicants, not otheiwise pioviueu foi in
sections S anu 4 of this iule, shall be subjecteu to examinations in the following
subjects: Civil Law; Laboi anu Social Legislation; Neicantile Law; Ciiminal Law;
Political Law (Constitutional Law, Public Coipoiations, anu Public 0fficeis);
Inteinational Law (Piivate anu Public); Taxation: Remeuial Law (Civil Pioceuuie,
Ciiminal Pioceuuie, anu Eviuence); Legal Ethics anu Piactical Exeicises (in Pleauing
anu Conveyancing).
SEC. 1u. Q02 %L09".0#"'.< 4; V+%,#"'., 0.8 0.,/%2,< 0.8 ". /2"#".6=Peisons
taking the examination shall not biing papeis, books oi notes into the examination
iooms. The questions shall be the same foi all examinees anu a copy theieof, in
English oi Spanish, shall be given to each examinee. Examinees shall answei the
questions peisonally without help fiom anyone.
S11
0pon veiifieu application maue by an examinee stating that his penmanship is
so pooi that it will be uifficult to ieau his answeis without much loss of time, the
Supieme Couit may allow such examinee to use a typewiitei in answeiing the
questions. 0nly noiseless typewiiteis shall be alloweu to be useu.
The committee of bai examineis shall take such piecautions as aie necessaiy
to pievent the substitution of papeis oi commission of othei fiauus. Examinees shall
not place theii names on the examination papeis. No oial examination shall be
given.
SEC. 11. H..+0$ %L09".0#"'.=Examinations foi aumission to the bai of the
Philippines shall take place annually in the City of Nanila. They shall be helu in foui
uays to be uesignateu by the chaiiman of the committee on bai examineis. The
subject shall be uistiibuteu as follows: Fiist uay: Political anu Inteinational Law
(moining) anu Laboi anu Social Legislation (afteinoon); Seconu uay: Civil Law
(moining) anu Taxation (afteinoon); Thiiu uay: Neicantile Law (moining) anu
Ciiminal Law (afteinoon); Fouith uay: Remeuial Law (moining) anu Legal Ethics
anu Piactical Exeicises (afteinoon).
SEC. 12. 5'99"##%% '( %L09".%2,=Examinations shall be conuucteu by a
committee of bai examineis to be appointeu by the Supieme Couit. This committee
shall be composeu of a }ustice of the Supieme Couit, who shall act as chaiiman, anu
who shall be uesignateu by the couit to seive foi one yeai, anu eight membeis of the
bai of the Philippines, who shall holu office foi a peiiou of one yeai. The names of
the membeis of this committee shall be publisheu in each volume of the official
iepoits.
SEC. 1S. K",1"3$".02; 9%0,+2%,=No canuiuate shall enueavoi to influence any
membei of the committee, anu uuiing examination the canuiuates shall not
communicate with each othei noi shall they give oi ieceive any assistance. The
canuiuate who violates this piovision, oi any othei piovision of this iule, shall be
baiieu fiom the examination, anu the same to count as a failuie against him, anu
fuithei uisciplinaiy action, incluuing peimanent uisqualification, may be taken in
the uiscietion of the couit.
SEC. 14. D0,,".6 07%206%=In oiuei that a canuiuate may be ueemeu to have
passeu his examinations successfully, he must have obtaineu a geneial aveiage of 7S
pei cent in all subjects, without falling below Su pei cent in any subject. In
ueteimining the aveiage, the subjects in the examination shall be given the
following ielative weights: Civil Law, 1S pei cent; Laboi anu Social Legislation, 1u
pei cent; Neicantile Law, 1S pei cent; Ciiminal Law, 1u pei cent: Political anu
Inteinational Law, 1S pei cent; Taxation, 1u pei cent; Remeuial Law, 2u pei cent;
S12
Legal Ethics anu Piactical Exeicises, S pei cent.
SEC. 1S. *%3'2# '( #)% 1'99"##%%? ("$".6 '( %L09".0#"'. 303%2,=Not latei than
Febiuaiy 1Sth aftei the examination, oi as soon theieaftei as may be piacticable,
the committee shall file its iepoit on the iesult of such examination. The
examination papeis anu notes of the committee shall be fileu with the cleik anu may
theie be examineu by the paities in inteiest, aftei the couit has appioveu the iepoit.
SEC. 16. T0"$".6 10.8"80#%, #' #0I% 2%7"%/ 1'+2,%=Canuiuates who have faileu
the bai examinations foi thiee times shall be uisqualifieu fiom taking anothei
examination unless they show to the satisfaction of the couit that they have eniolleu
in anu passeu iegulai fouith yeai ieview classes as well as attenueu a pie-bai
ieview couise in a iecognizeu law school.
The piofessois of the inuiviuual ieview subjects attenueu by the canuiuates
unuei this iule ceitify unuei oath that the canuiuates have iegulaily attenueu
classes anu passeu the subjects unuei the same conuitions as oiuinaiy stuuents anu
the iatings obtaineu by them in the paiticulai subject.
SEC. 17. H89",,"'. 0.8 '0#) '( ,+11%,,(+$ 033$"10.#,=An applicant who has
passeu the iequiieu examination, oi has been otheiwise founu to be entitleu to
aumission to the bai, shall take anu subsciibe befoie the Supieme Couit the
coiiesponuing oath of office.
SEC. 18. 5%2#"("10#%=RThe Supieme Couit shall theieupon aumit the applicant
as a membei of the bai foi all the couits of the Philippines, anu shall uiiect an oiuei
to be enteieu to that effect upon its iecoius, anu that a ceitificate of such iecoiu be
given to him by the cleik of couit, which ceitificate shall be his authoiity to piactice.
SEC. 19. H##'2.%;,a 2'$$=The cleik of the Supieme Couit shall keep a ioll of all
attoineys aumitteu to piactice, which ioll shall be signeu by the peison aumitteu
when he ieceives his ceitificate.
SEC. 2u. K+#"%, '( 0##'2.%;,=It is the uuty of an attoiney:
(a) To maintain allegiance to the Republic of the Philippines anu to
suppoit the Constitution anu obey the laws of the Philippines.
(b) To obseive anu maintain the iespect uue to the couits of justice
anu juuicial officeis;
(c) To counsel oi maintain such actions oi pioceeuings only as
appeai to him to be just, anu such uefenses only as he believes to be honestly
uebatable unuei the law;
S1S
(u) To employ, foi the puipose of maintaining the causes confiueu to
him, such means only as aie consistent with tiuth anu honoi, anu nevei seek to
misleau the juuge oi any juuicial officei by an aitifice oi false statement of fact
oi law;
(e) To maintain inviolate the confiuence, anu at eveiy peiil to
himself, to pieseive the seciets of his client, anu to accept no compensation in
connection with his client's business except fiom him oi with his knowleuge
anu appioval;
(f) To abstain fiom all offensive peisonality anu to auvance no fact
piejuuicial to the honoi oi ieputation of a paity oi witness, unless iequiieu by
the justice of the cause with which he is chaigeu;
(g) Not to encouiage eithei the commencement oi the continuance
of an action oi pioceeuing, oi uelay any man's cause, fiom any coiiupt motive
oi inteiest;
(h) Nevei to ieject, foi any consiueiation peisonal to himself, the
cause of the uefenseless oi oppiesseu;
(i) In the uefense of a peison accuseu of ciime, by all faii anu
honoiable means, iegaiuless of his peisonal opinion as to the guilt of the
accuseu, to piesent eveiy uefense that the law peimits, to the enu that no
peison may be uepiiveu of life oi libeity, but by uue piocess of law.
SEC. 21. H+#)'2"#; '( 0##'2.%; #' 033%02=An attoiney is piesumeu to be
piopeily authoiizeu to iepiesent any cause in which he appeais, anu no wiitten
powei of attoiney is iequiieu to authoiize him to appeai in couit foi his client, but
the piesiuing juuge may, on motion of eithei paity anu on ieasonable giounus
theiefoi being shown, iequiie any attoiney who assumes the iight to appeai in a
case to piouuce oi piove the authoiity unuei which he appeais, anu to uisclose,
whenevei peitinent to any issue, the name of the peison who employeu him, anu
may theieupon make such oiuei as justice iequiies. An attoiney wilfully appeaiing
in couit foi a peison without being employeu, unless by leave of the couit, may be
punisheu foi contempt as an officei of the couit who has misbehaveu in his official
tiansactions.
SEC. 22. H##'2.%; /)' 033%02, ". $'/%2 1'+2# 32%,+9%8 #' 2%32%,%.# 1$"%.# '.
033%0$=An attoiney who appeais 8% 302#% in a case befoie a lowei couit shall be
piesumeu to continue iepiesenting his client on appeal, unless he files a foimal
petition withuiawing his appeaiance in the appellate couit.
SEC. 2S. H+#)'2"#; '( 0##'2.%;, #' 4".8 1$"%.#,=Attoineys have authoiity to
S14
binu theii clients in any case by any agieement in ielation theieto maue in wiiting,
anu in taking appeals, anu in all matteis of oiuinaiy juuicial pioceuuie. But they
cannot, without special authoiity, compiomise theii client's litigation, oi ieceive
anything in uischaige of a client's claim but the full amount in cash.
SEC. 24. 5'93%.,0#"'. '( 0##'2.%;,? 062%%9%.# 0, #' (%%,=An attoiney shall be
entitleu to have anu iecovei fiom his client no moie than a ieasonable
compensation foi his seivices, with a view to the impoitance of the subject mattei
of the contioveisy, the extent of the seivices ienueieu, anu the piofessional
stanuing of the attoiney. No couit shall be bounu by the opinion of attoineys as
expeit witnesses as to the piopei compensation, but may uisiegaiu such testimony
anu base its conclusion on its own piofessional knowleuge. A wiitten contiact foi
seivices shall contiol the amount to be paiu theiefoi unless founu by the couit to be
unconscionable oi unieasonable.
SEC. 2S. G.$0/(+$ 2%#%.#"'. '( 1$"%.#a, (+.8,? 1'.#%93#=When an attoiney
unjustly ietains in his hanus money of his client aftei it has been uemanueu he may
be punisheu foi contempt as an officei of the Couit who has misbehaveu in his
official tiansactions; but pioceeuings unuei this section shall not be a bai to a
ciiminal piosecution.
SEC. 26. 5)0.6% '( 0##'2.%;,=An attoiney may ietiie at any time fiom any
action oi special pioceeuing, by the wiitten consent of his client fileu in couit. Be
may also ietiie at any time fiom an action oi special pioceeuing, without the
consent of his client, shoulu the couit, on notice to the client anu attoiney, anu on
heaiing, ueteimine that he ought to be alloweu to ietiie. In case of substitution, the
name of the attoiney newly employeu shall be enteieu on the uocket of the couit in
place of the foimei one, anu wiitten notice of the change shall be given to the
auveise paity.
A client may at any time uismiss his attoiney oi substitute anothei in his place,
but if the contiact between client anu attoiney has been ieuuceu to wiiting anu the
uismissal of the attoiney was without justifiable cause, he shall be entitleu to
iecovei fiom the client the full compensation stipulateu in the contiact. Foi the
payment of such compensation the attoiney shall have a lien upon all juugments foi
the payment of money, anu execution issueu in puisuant of such juugments,
ienueieu in the case wheiein his seivices hau been ietaineu by the client. (As
09%.8%8 4; *%3= H1# E'= ]d]=P
SEC. 27. K",4029%.# '2 ,+,3%.,"'. '( 0##'2.%;, 4; >+32%9% 5'+2#< 62'+.8,
#)%2%('2=A membei of the bai may be uisbaiieu oi suspenueu fiom his office as
attoiney by the Supieme Couit foi any ueceit, malpiactice, oi othei gioss
S1S
misconuuct in such office, giossly immoial conuuct, oi by ieason of his conviction of
a ciime involving moial tuipituue, oi foi any violation of the oath which he is
iequiieu to take befoie aumission to piactice, oi foi a wilful uisobeuience appeaiing
as an attoiney foi a paity to a case without authoiity so to uo. The piactice of
soliciting cases at law foi the puipose of gain, eithei peisonally oi thiough paiu
agents oi biokeis, constitutes malpiactice.
The uisbaiment oi suspension of a membei of the Philippine Bai by a
competent couit oi othei uisciplinatoiy agency in a foieign juiisuiction wheie he
has also been aumitteu as an attoiney is a giounu foi his uisbaiment oi suspension
if the basis of such action incluues any of the acts heieinabove enumeiateu.
The juugment, iesolution oi oiuei of the foieign couit oi uisciplinaiy agency
shall be 32"90 (01"% eviuence of the giounu foi uisbaiment oi suspension. (As
09%.8%8 4; >5 *%,= 80#%8 T%4= ^d< ^YY`=P
SEC. 28. >+,3%.,"'. '( 0##'2.%; 4; #)% 5'+2# '( H33%0$, '2 0 *%6"'.0$ !2"0$
5'+2#=The Couit of Appeals oi a Regional Tiial Couit may suspenu an attoiney
fiom piactice foi any of the causes nameu in the last pieceuing section, anu aftei
such suspension such attoiney shall not piactice his piofession until fuithei action
of the Supieme Couit in the piemises.
SEC. 29. G3'. ,+,3%.,"'. 4; 5'+2# '( H33%0$, '2 *%6"'.0$ !2"0$ 5'+2#< (+2#)%2
32'1%%8".6, ". >+32%9% 5'+2#=0pon such suspension, the Couit of Appeals oi the
Regional Tiial Couit shall foithwith tiansmit to the Supieme Couit a ceitifieu copy
of the oiuei of suspension anu a full statement of the facts upon which the same was
baseu. 0pon the ieceipt of such ceitifieu copy anu statement, the Supieme Couit
shall make full investigation of the facts involveu anu make such oiuei ievoking oi
extenuing the suspension, oi iemoving the attoiney fiom his office as such, as the
facts waiiant.
SEC. Su. H##'2.%; #' 4% )%028 4%('2% 2%9'70$ '2 ,+,3%.,"'.=No attoiney shall
be iemoveu oi suspenueu fiom the piactice of his piofession, until he has hau full
oppoitunity upon ieasonable notice to answei the chaiges against him, to piouuce
witnesses in his own behalf, anu to be heaiu by himself oi counsel. But if upon
ieasonable notice he fails to appeai anu answei the accusation, the couit may
pioceeu to ueteimine the mattei %L 302#%=
SEC. S1. H##'2.%;, ('2 8%,#"#+#% $"#"60.#,=A couit may assign an attoiney to
ienuei piofessional aiu fiee of chaige to any paity in a case, if upon investigation it
appeais that the paity is uestitute anu unable to employ an attoiney, anu that the
seivices of counsel aie necessaiy to secuie the enus of justice anu to piotect the
S16
iights of the paity. It shall be the uuty of the attoiney so assigneu to ienuei the
iequiieu seivice, unless he is excuseu theiefiom by the couit foi sufficient cause
shown.
SEC. S2. 5'93%.,0#"'. ('2 0##'2.%;, 8% '("1"'=Subject to availability of funus
as may be pioviueu by law the couit may, in its uiscietion, oiuei an attoiney
employeu as counsel 8% '("1"' to be compensateu in such sum as the couit may fix in
accoiuance with section 24 of this iule. Whenevei such compensation is alloweu, it
shall not be less than thiity pesos (PSu) in any case, noi moie than the following
amounts: (1) Fifty pesos (PSu) in light felonies; (2) 0ne hunuieu pesos (P1uu) in
less giave felonies; (S) Two hunuieu pesos (P2uu) in giave felonies othei than
capital offenses; (4) Five hunuieu pesos (PSuu) in capital offenses.
SEC. SS. >#0.8".6 ". 1'+2# '( 3%2,'., 0+#)'2"U%8 #' 033%02 ('2 M'7%2.9%.#=
Any official oi othei peison appointeu oi uesignateu in accoiuance with law to
appeai foi the uoveinment of the Philippines shall have all the iights of a uuly
authoiizeu membei of the bai to appeai in any case in which saiu goveinment has
an inteiest uiiect oi inuiiect.
SEC. S4. Q; /)'9 $"#"60#"'. 1'.8+1#%8=In the couit of a municipality a paity
may conuuct his litigation in peison, with the aiu of an agent oi fiienu appointeu by
him foi that puipose, oi with the aiu of an attoiney. In any othei couit, a paity may
conuuct his litigation peisonally oi by aiu of an attoiney, anu his appeaiance must
be eithei peisonal oi by a uuly authoiizeu membei of the bai.
SEC. SS. 5%2#0". 0##'2.%;, .'# #' 3201#"1%<No juuge oi othei official oi
employee of the supeiioi couits oi of the 0ffice of the Solicitoi ueneial, shall engage
in piivate piactice as a membei of the bai oi give piofessional auvice to clients.
SEC. S6. H9"1+, 1+2"0%=Expeiienceu anu impaitial attoineys may be inviteu
by the Couit to appeai as 09"8 1+2"0% to help in the uisposition of issues submitteu
to it. (As 09%.8%8 4; *%,'$+#"'. '( #)% >+32%9% 5'+2#< 80#%8 A0; `e< ^Y]f=P
SEC. S7. H##'2.%;,a $"%.,=An attoiney shall have a lien upon the funus,
uocuments anu papeis of his client, which have lawfully come into his possession
anu may ietain the same until his lawful fees anu uisbuisements have been paiu,
anu may apply such funus to the satisfaction theieof. Be shall also have a lien to the
same extent upon all juugments foi the payment of money, anu executions issueu in
puisuance of such juugments, which he has secuieu in a litigation of his client, fiom
anu aftei the time when he shall have causeu a statement of his claim of such lien to
be enteieu upon the iecoius of the couit ienueiing such juugment, oi issuing such
execution, anu shall have causeu wiitten notice theieof to be ueliveieu to his client
S17
anu to the auveise paity; anu he shall have the same iight anu powei ovei such
juugments anu executions as his client woulu have to enfoice his lien anu secuie the
payment of his just fees anu uisbuisements.

!"#$ &5<E)
#)? ./"0$(/ *!)2/-2$ !"#$
SECTI0N 1. 5'.8"#"'., ('2 >#+8%.# D201#"1%=RA law stuuent who has
successfully completeu his Siu yeai of the iegulai foui-yeai piesciibeu law
cuiiiculum anu is eniolleu in a iecognizeu law school's clinical legal euucation
piogiam appioveu by the Supieme Couit, may appeai without compensation in any
civil, ciiminal oi auministiative case befoie any tiial couit, tiibunal, boaiu oi officei,
to iepiesent inuigent clients accepteu by the legal clinic of the law school.
SEC. 2. H33%020.1%=The appeaiance of the law stuuent authoiizeu by this
iule, shall be unuei, the uiiect supeivision anu contiol of a membei of the
Integiateu Bai of the Philippines uuly accieuiteu by the law school. Any anu all
pleauings, motions, biiefs, memoianua oi othei papeis to be fileu, must be signeu by
the supeivening attoiney foi anu in behalf of the legal clinic.
SEC. S. D2"7"$%6%8 1'99+."10#"'.,=The Rules safeguaiuing piivilegeu
communications between attoiney anu client shall apply to similai communications
maue to oi ieceiveu by the law stuuent, acting foi the legal clinic.
SEC. 4. >#0.8028, '( 1'.8+1# 0.8 ,+3%27","'.=The law stuuent shall comply
with the stanuaius of piofessional conuuct goveining membeis of the Bai. Failuie of
an attoiney to pioviue auequate supeivision of stuuent piactice may be a giounu foi
uisciplinaiy action. O>5 5"21+$02 E'= ^Y< 32'9= K%1= ^Y< ^Yf]=P

!"#$ &5=
S18
0-.A)!8$(/ +! .".*$(.-+( +4 )//+!($1.*
SECTI0N 1. A'#"'. '2 1'93$0".#=Pioceeuings foi the iemoval oi suspension
of attoineys may be taken by the Supieme Couit on its own motion oi upon the
complaint unuei oath of anothei in wiiting. The complaint shall set out uistinctly,
cleaily, anu concisely the facts complaineu of, suppoiteu by affiuavits, if any, of
peisons having peisonal knowleuge of the facts theiein allegeu anu shall be
accompanieu with copies of such uocuments as may substantiate saiu facts.
SEC. 2. >%27"1% '2 8",9",,0$=If the complaint appeais to meiit action, a copy
theieof shall be seiveu upon the iesponuent, iequiiing him to answei the same
within ten (1u) uays fiom the uate of seivice. If the complaint uoes not meiit action,
oi if the answei shows to the satisfaction of the Supieme Couit that the complaint is
not meiitoiious, the same shall be uismisseu.
SEC. S. -.7%,#"60#"'. 4; >'$"1"#'2 M%.%20$=0pon the issues iaiseu by the
complaint anu answei, oi upon failuie of the iesponuent to answei, the case shall be
iefeiieu to the Solicitoi ueneial foi investigation to ueteimine if theie is sufficient
giounu to pioceeu with the piosecution of the iesponuent. In the investigation
conuucteu by the Solicitoi ueneial, the iesponuent shall be given full oppoitunity to
uefenu himself, to piouuce witnesses on his own behalf, anu to be heaiu by himself
anu counsel. Bowevei, if upon ieasonable notice, the iesponuent fails to appeai, the
investigation shall pioceeu %L 302#%=
SEC. 4. *%3'2# '( #)% >'$"1"#'2 M%.%20$=Baseu upon the eviuence auuuceu at
the heaiing, if the Solicitoi ueneial finus no sufficient giounu to pioceeu against the
iesponuent, he shall submit a iepoit to the Supieme Couit containing his finuings of
fact anu conclusion, wheieupon the iesponuent shall be exoneiateu unless the couit
oiueis uiffeiently.
SEC. S. 5'93$0".# '( #)% >'$"1"#'2 M%.%20$= H.,/%2 '( 2%,3'.8%.#=If the
Solicitoi ueneial finus sufficient giounu to pioceeu against the iesponuent, he shall
file the coiiesponuing complaint, accompanieu with all the eviuence intiouuceu in
his investigation, with the Supieme Couit, anu the iesponuent shall be seiveu by the
cleik of the Supieme Couit with a copy of the complaint with uiiection to answei
the same within fifteen (1S) uays.
SEC. 6. J7"8%.1% 32'8+1%8 4%('2% >'$"1"#'2 M%.%20$ 070"$04$%=The eviuence
piouuceu befoie the Solicitoi ueneial in his investigation may be consiueieu by the
Supieme Couit in the final uecision of the case, if the iesponuent hau an oppoitunity
to object anu cioss-examine. If in the iesponuent's answei no statement is maue as
to any intention of intiouucing auuitional eviuence, the case shall be set uown foi
S19
heaiing, upon the filing of such answei oi upon the expiiation of the time to file the
same.
SEC. 7. 5'99",,"'.%2 to ".7%,#"60#% 0.8 2%1'99%.8= *+$%, '( %7"8%.1%=0pon
ieceipt of the iesponuent's answei, wheiein a statement is maue as to his uesiie to
intiouuce auuitional eviuence, the case shall be iefeiieu to a commissionei who, in
the uiscietion of the couit, may be the cleik of the Supieme Couit, a juuge of the
Regional Tiial Couit, oi an attoiney-at-law foi investigation, iepoit, anu
iecommenuation. The Solicitoi ueneial oi his iepiesentative shall appeai befoie the
commissionei to conuuct the piosecution. The iesponuent shall be given full
oppoitunity to uefenu himself, to piouuce auuitional eviuence in his own behalf, anu
to be heaiu by himself anu counsel. Bowevei, if upon ieasonable notice the
iesponuent fails to appeai, the investigation shall pioceeu %L 302#%= The iules of
eviuence shall be applicable to pioceeuings of this natuie.
SEC. 8. *%3'2# '( 1'99",,"'.%2 0.8 )%02".6=0pon ieceipt of the iepoit of the
commissionei, copies of which shall be fuinisheu the Solicitoi ueneial anu the
iesponuent, the case shall be set uown foi heaiing befoie the couit, following which
the case shall be consiueieu submitteu to the couit foi its final ueteimina-tion.
SEC. 9. D2'1%8+2% ". 5'+2# '( H33%0$, '2 *%6"'.0$ !2"0$ 5'+2#=As fai as may be
applicable, the pioceuuie above outlineu shall likewise govein the filing anu
investigation of complaints against attoineys in the Couit of Appeals oi in Regional
Tiial Couit. In case of suspension of the iesponuent, the juuge of Regional Tiial
Couit oi }ustice of the Couit of Appeals shall foithwith tiansmit to the Supieme
Couit a ceitifieu copy of the oiuei of suspension anu a full statement of the facts
upon which same is baseu.
SEC. 1u. 5'.("8%.#"0$=Pioceeuings against attoineys shall be piivate anu
confiuential, except that the final oiuei of the couit shall be maue public as in othei
cases coming befoie the couit.

!"#$ &5=E)
-(/$'!)/$0 A)! +4 /@$ *@-#-**-($.&
S2u
SECTI0N 1. :260."U0#"'.=Theie is heieby oiganizeu an official national bouy
to be known as the "Integiateu Bai of the Philippines," composeu of all peisons
whose names now appeai oi may heieaftei be incluueu in the Roll of Attoineys of
the Supieme Couit.
SEC. 2. D+23',%,=The funuamental puiposes of the Integiateu Bai shall be to
elevate the stanuaius of the legal piofession, impiove the auministiation of justice,
anu enable the Bai to uischaige its public iesponsibility moie effectively.
SEC. S. *%6"'.,=The Philippines is heieby uiviueu into nine Regions of the
Integiateu Bai, to wit:
(a) Noithein Luzon, consisting of the piovinces of Abia, Batanes,
Benguet, Cagayan, Ifugao, Ilocos Noite, Ilocos Sui, Isabela, Kalinga-Apayao, La
0nion, Nountain Piovince, Nueva vizcaya, anu Quiiino;
(b) Cential Luzon, consisting of the piovince of Bataan, Bulacan,
Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Tailac, anu Zambales;
(c) uieatei Nanila, consisting of the City of Nanila anu Quezon City;
(u) Southein Luzon, consisting of the piovinces of Batangas, Cavite,
Laguna, Naiinuuque, 0cciuental Ninuoio, 0iiental Ninuoio, Quezon, anu
Rizal;
(e) Bicolanuia, consisting of the piovinces of Albay, Camaiines Noite,
Camaiines Sui, Catanuuanes, Nasbate, anu Soisogon;
(f) Eastein visayas, consisting of the piovinces of Bohol, Cebu,
Eastein Samai, Leyte, Noithein Samai, Samai, anu Southein Leyte;
(g) Westein visayas, Consisting of the piovinces of Aklan, Antique,
Capiz, Iloilo, Negios 0cciuental, Negios 0iiental, Palawan, Romblon, anu
Siquijoi;
(h) Eastein Ninuanao, consisting of the piovinces of Agusan uel
Noite, Agusan uel Sui, Bukiunon, Camiguin, Bavao uel Noite, Bavao uel Sui,
Bavao 0iiental, Nisamis 0iiental, Suiigao uel Noite, anu Suiigao uel Sui; anu
(i) Westein Ninuanao, consisting of the cities of Basilan anu
Zamboanga, anu the piovinces of Cotabato, Lanao uel Noite, Lanao uel Sui,
Nisamis 0cciuental, South Cotabato, Sulu, Zamboanga uel Noite, anu
Zamboanga uel Sui.
In the event of the cieation of any new piovince, the Boaiu of uoveinois shall,
S21
with the appioval of the Supieme Couit ueteimine the Region to which the saiu
piovince shall belong.
SEC. 4. 5)03#%2,=A Chaptei of the Integiateu Bai shall be oiganizeu in eveiy
piovince. Except as heieinbelow pioviueu, eveiy city shall be consiueieu pait of the
piovince within which it is geogiaphically situateu.
A sepaiate Chaptei shall be oiganizeu in each of following political
subuivisions oi aieas:
(a) The subpiovince of Auioia;
(b) Each congiessional uistiict of the City of Nanila;
(c) Quezon City;
(u) Caloocan City, Nalabon anu Navotas;
(e) Pasay City, Nakati, Nanualuyong anu San }uan uel Nonte;
(f) Cebu City; anu
(g) Zamboanga City anu Basilan City.
0nless he otheiwise iegisteis his piefeience foi a paiticulai Chaptei, a lawyei
shall be consiueieu a membei of the Chaptei of the Piovince, city, political
subuivision oi aiea wheie his office oi, in the absence theieof, his iesiuence is
locateu. In no case shall any lawyei be a membei of moie than one Chaptei.
Each Chaptei shall have its own local goveinment as pioviueu foi by unifoim
iules to be piesciibeu by the Boaiu of uoveinois anu appioveu by the Supieme
Couit, the piovisions of Section 19 of this Rule notwithstanuing.
Chapteis belonging to the same Region may holu iegional conventions on
matteis anu pioblems of common concein.
SEC. S. S'+,% '( K%$%60#%,=The Integiateu Bai shall have a Bouse of
Belegates of not moie than one hunuieu twenty membeis who shall be appoitioneu
among all the Chapteis as neaily as may be accoiuing to the numbei of theii
iespective membeis, but each Chaptei shall have at least one Belegate. 0n oi befoie
Becembei S1, 1974, anu eveiy foui yeais theieaftei, the Boaiu of uoveinois shall
make an appoitionment of Belegates.
The teim of the office of Belegate shall begin on the uate of the opening of the
annual convention of the Bouse anu shall enu on the uay immeuiately pieceuing the
uate of the opening of the next succeeuing annual convention. No peison may be a
S22
Belegate foi moie than two teims.
The Bouse shall holu an annual convention at the call of the Boaiu of
uoveinois at any time uuiing the month of Apiil of each yeai foi the election of
uoveinois, the ieauing anu uiscussion of iepoits incluuing the annual iepoit of the
Boaiu of uoveinois, the tiansaction of such othei business as may be iefeiieu to it
by the Boaiu, anu the consiueiation of such auuitional matteis as may be iequesteu
in wiiting by at least twenty Belegates. Special conventions of the Bouse may be
calleu by the Boaiu of uoveinois to consiuei only such matteis as the Boaiu shall
inuicate. A majoiity of the Belegates who have iegisteieu foi a convention, whethei
annual oi special, shall constitute a quoium to uo business.
SEC. 6. Q'028 '( M'7%2.'2,=RThe Integiateu Bai shall be goveineu by-a Boaiu
of uoveinois. Nine uoveinois shall be electeu by the Bouse of Belegates fiom the
nine Regions on the iepiesenta-tion basis of one uoveinoi fiom each Region. Each
uoveinoi shall be chosen fiom a list of nominees submitteu by the Belegates fiom
the Region, pioviueu that no moie than one nominee shall come fiom any Chaptei.
The Piesiuent anu the Executive vice Piesiuent, if chosen by the uoveinois fiom
outsiue of themselves as pioviueu in Section 7 of this Rule, shall "3,' (01#' become
membeis of the Boaiu.
The membeis of the Boaiu shall holu office foi a teim of one yeai fiom the
uate of theii election anu until theii successois shall have been uuly electeu anu
qualifieu. No peison may be a uoveinoi foi moie than two teims.
The Boaiu shall meet iegulaily once eveiy thiee months, on such uate anu at
such time anu place as it shall uesignate. A majoiity of all the membeis of the Boaiu
shall constitute a quoium to uo business. Special meetings may be calleu by the
Piesiuent oi by five membeis of the Boaiu.
Subject to the appioval of the Supieme Couit, the Boaiu shall auopt By-Laws
anu piomulgate Canons of Piofessional Responsi-bility foi all membeis of the
Integiateu Bai. The By-Laws anu the Canons may be amenueu by the Supieme Couit
9'#+ 32'32"' oi upon the iecommenuation of the Boaiu of uoveinois.
The Boaiu shall piesciibe such othei iules anu iegulations as may be
necessaiy anu piopei to caiiy out the puiposes of the Integiateu Bai as well as the
piovisions of this Rule.
SEC. 7. :(("1%2,=The Integiateu Bai shall have a Piesiuent anu an Executive
vice Piesiuent who shall be chosen by the uoveinois immeuiately aftei the lattei's
election, eithei fiom among themselves oi fiom othei membeis of the Integiateu
Bai by the vote of at least five uoveinois. Each of the iegional membeis of the Boaiu
S2S
shall be %L '(("1"' vice Piesiuent foi the Region which he iepiesents.
The Piesiuent anu the Executive vice Piesiuent shall holu office foi a teim of
one yeai fiom the uate of theii election anu until theii successois shall have uuly
qualifieu. The Executive vice Piesiuent shall automatically become the Piesiuent foi
the next succeeuing full teim. The Piesiuency shall iotate fiom yeai to yeai among
all the nine Regions in such oiuei of iotation as the Boaiu of uoveinois shall
piesciibe. No peison shall be Piesiuent oi Executive vice Piesiuent of the Integiateu
Bai foi moie than one teim.
The Integiateu Bai shall have a Secietaiy, a Tieasuiei, anu such othei officei
anu employees as may be iequiieu by the Boaiu of uoveinois, to be appointeu by
the Piesiuent with the consent of the Boaiu, anu to holu office at the pleasuie of the
Boaiu oi foi such teim as it may fix. Saiu officeis anu employees neeu not be
membeis of the Integiateu Bai.
SEC. 8. N010.1"%,=In the event the Piesiuent is absent oi unable to act, his
uuties shall be peifoimeu by the Executive vice Piesiuent; anu in the event of the
ueath, iesignation, oi iemoval of the Piesiuent, the Executive vice Piesiuent shall
seive as Acting Piesiuent uuiing the iemainuei of the teim of the office thus
vacateu. In the event of the ueath, iesignation, iemoval, oi uisability of both the
Piesiuent anu the Executive vice Piesiuent, the Boaiu of uoveinois shall elect an
Acting Piesiuent to holu office until the next succeeuing election oi uuiing the
peiiou of uisability.
The filling of vacancies in the Bouse of Belegates, Boaiu of uoveinois, anu all
othei positions of 0fficeis of the Integiateu Bai shall be as pioviueu in the By-Laws.
Whenevei the teim of an office oi position is foi a fixeu peiiou, the peison chosen to
fill a vacancy theiein shall seive only foi the unexpiieu teim.
SEC. 9. A%94%2,)"3 8+%,=Eveiy membei of the Integiateu shall pay such
annual uues as the Boaiu of uoveinois shall ueteimine with the appioval of the
Supieme Couit. A fixeu sum equivalent to ten peicent (1u%) of the collections fiom
each Chaptei shall be set asiue as a Welfaie Funu foi uisableu membeis of the
Chaptei anu the compulsoiy heiis of ueceaseu membeis theieof.
SEC. 1u. J((%1# '( .'.F30;9%.# '( 8+%,=Subject to the piovisions of Section 12
of this Rule, uefault in the payment of annual uues foi six months shall waiiant
suspension of membeis in the Integiateu Bai, anu uefault in such payment foi one
yeai shall be a giounu foi the iemoval of the name of uelinquent membei fiom the
Roll of Attoineys.
SEC. 11. N'$+.#02; #%29".0#"'. '( 9%94%2,)"3? 2%".,#0#%F9%.#=A membei
S24
may teiminate his membeiship by filing a wiitten notice to that effect with the
Secietaiy of the Integiateu Bai, who shall immeuiately biing the mattei to the
attention of the Supieme Couit. Foithwith he shall cease to be a membei anu his
name shall be stiicken by the Couit in accoiuance with iules anu iegulations
piesciibeu by the Boaiu of uoveinois anu appioveu by the Couit.
SEC. 12. M2"%70.1% 32'1%8+2%,=The Boaiu of uoveinois shall pioviue in the
By-Laws foi giievance pioceuuies foi the enfoicement anu maintenance of
uiscipline among all the membeis of the Integiateu Bai, but no action involving the
suspension oi uisbaiment of a membei oi the iemoval of his name fiom the Roll of
Attoineys shall be effective without the final appioval of the Supieme Couit.
SEC. 1S. E'.F3'$"#"10$ Q02.The Integiateu Bai shall be stiictly non-political,
anu eveiy activity tenuing to impaii this basic featuie is stiictly piohibiteu anu shall
be penalizeu accoiuingly. No lawyei holuing an elective, juuicial, quasi-juuicial, oi
piosecutoiy office in the uoveinment oi any political subuivision oi instiumentality
theieof shall be eligible foi election oi appointment to any position in the Integiateu
Bai oi any Chaptei theieof. A Belegate, uoveinoi, 0fficei oi employee of the
Integiateu Bai, oi an officei oi employee of any Chaptei theieof shall be consiueieu
"3,' (01#' iesigneu fiom his position as of the moment he files his ceitificate of
canuiuacy foi any elective public office oi accepts appointment to any juuicial,
quasi-juuicial, oi piosecutoiy office in the uoveinment oi any political subuivision
oi instiumentality theieof.
SEC. 14. D',"#"'., )'.'202;=Except as may be specifically authoiizeu oi
alloweu by the Supieme Couit, no Belegate oi uoveinoi anu no national oi local
0fficei oi committee membei shall ieceive any compensation, allowance oi
emolument fiom the funus of the Integiateu Bai foi any seivice ienueieu theiein oi
be entitleu to ieimbuisement foi any expense incuiieu in the uischaige of his
functions.
SEC. 1S. T",10$ 90##%2,=The Boaiu of uoveinois shall auministei the funus of
the Integiateu Bai anu shall have the powei to make appiopiiations anu
uisbuisements theiefiom. It shall cause piopei Books of Accounts to be kept anu
Financial Statements to be ienueieu anu shall see to it that the piopei auuit is maue
of all accounts of the Integiateu Bai anu all the Chapteis theieof.
SEC. 16. @'+2.0$=The Boaiu of uoveinois shall cause to be publisheu a
quaiteily }ouinal of the Integiateu Bai, fiee copies of which shall be uistiibuteu to
eveiy membei of the Integiateu Bai.
SEC. 17. N'$+.#02; Q02 0,,'1"0#"'.,=All voluntaiy Bai associations now
S2S
existing oi which may heieaftei be foimeu may co-exist with the Integiateu Bai but
shall not opeiate at cioss-puiposes theiewith.
SEC. 18. H9%.89%.#,=This Rule may be amenueu by the Supieme Couit 9'#+
32'32"' oi upon the iecommenuation of the Boaiu of uoveinois oi any Chaptei of
the Integiateu Bai.
SEC. 19. :260."U0#"'.0$ 3%2"'8=The Commission on Bai Integiation shall
oiganize the local Chapteis anu towaiu this enu shall secuie the assistance of the
Bepaitment of }ustice anu of all }uuges thioughout the Philippines. All Chaptei
oiganizational meetings shall be helu on Satuiuay, Febiuaiy 17, 197S. In eveiy case,
the Commission shall cause piopei notice of the uate, time anu place of the meeting
to be seiveu upon all the lawyeis conceineu at theii auuiesses appeaiing in the
iecoius of the Commission. The lawyeis piesent at the meeting calleu to oiganize a
Chaptei shall constitute a quoium foi the puipose, incluuing the election of a
Piesiuent, vice Piesiuent, Secietaiy, Tieasuiei, anu five Biiectois.
The Commission shall initially fix the numbei of Belegates anu appoition the
same among all the Chapteis as neaily as may be in piopoition to the numbei of
theii iespective membeis, but each chaptei shall have at least one Belegate. The
Piesiuent of each Chaptei shall concuiiently be its Belegate to the Bouse of
Belegates. The vice Piesiuent shall be his alteinate, except wheie the Chaptei is
entitleu to have moie than one Belegate, in which case the vice Piesiuent shall also
be a Belegate. The Boaiu of Biiectois of the Chaptei shall in piopei cases elect
auuitional as well as alteinative Belegates.
The Bouse of Belegates shall convene in the City of Nanila on Satuiuay, Naich
17, 197S foi the puipose of electing a Boaiu of uoveinois. The uoveinois shall
immeuiately assume office anu foithwith meet to elect the 0fficeis of the Integiateu
Bai. The 0fficeis so chosen shall immeuiately assume theii iespective positions.
SEC. 2u. J((%1#"7"#;=RThis Rule shall take effect on }anuaiy 16,197S.

!"#$ &5=EA
0-.A)!8$(/ )(0 0-.2-*#-($ +4 )//+!($1.
S26
SECTI0N 1. S'/ -.,#"#+#%8=RPioceeuings ('2 the uisbai-ment, suspension, oi
uiscipline of attoineys may be taken by the Supieme Couit 9'#+ 32'32"'< oi by the
Integiateu Bai of the Philippines (IBP) upon the veiifieu complaint of any peison.
The complaint shall state cleaily anu concisely the facts complaineu of anu shall be
suppoiteu by affiuavits of peisons having peisonal knowleuge of the facts theiein
allegeu anuoi by such uocuments as may substantiate saiu facts.
The IBP Boaiu of uoveinois may, 9'#+ 32'32"' oi upon iefeiial by the
Supieme Couit oi by a Chaptei Boaiu of 0fficeis, oi at the instance of any peison,
initiate anu piosecute piopei chaiges against any eiiing attoineys incluuing those
in the goveinment seivice: D2'7"8%8< )'/%7%2< That all chaiges against }ustices of the
Couit of Appeals anu the >0.8"60.40;0.< anu }uuges of the Couit of Tax Appeals anu
lowei couits, even if lawyeis aie jointly chaigeu with them, shall be fileu with the
Supieme Couit: D2'7"8%8< (+2#)%2< That chaiges fileu against }ustices anu }uuges
befoie the IBP, incluuing those fileu piioi to theii appointment in the }uuiciaiy, shall
immeuiately be foiwaiueu to the Supieme Couit foi uisposition anu aujuuication.
(H, 09%.8%8 4; Q02 A0##%2 E'= ^Y]e< A0; ^< `eee=P
Six (6) copies of the veiifieu complaint shall be fileu with the Secietaiy of the
IBP oi the Secietaiy of any of its chapteis who shall foithwith tiansmit the same to
the IBP Boaiu of uoveinois foi assignment to an investigatoi.
)B *!+2$$0-('. -( /@$ -(/$'!)/$0 A)! +4 /@$ *@-#-**-($.
SEC. 2. E0#"'.0$ M2"%70.1% -.7%,#"60#'2,=The Boaiu of uoveinois shall
appoint fiom among IBP membeis an Investigatoi oi, when special ciicumstances
so waiiant, a panel of thiee (S) investigatois to investigate the complaint. All
Investigatois shall take an oath of office in the foim piesciibeu by the Boaiu of
uoveinois. A copy of the Investigatoi's appointment anu oath shall be tiansmitteu
to the Supieme Couit.
An Investigatoi may be uisqualifieu by ieason of ielationship within the fouith
uegiee of consanguinity oi affinity to any of the paities oi theii counsel, pecuniaiy
inteiest, peisonal bias, oi his having acteu as counsel foi eithei paity, unless the
paities sign anu entei upon the iecoiu theii wiitten consent to his acting as such
Investigatoi. Wheie the Investigatoi uoes not uisqualify himself, a paity may appeal
to the IBP Boaiu of uoveinois, which by majoiity vote of the membeis piesent,
theie being a quoium, may oiuei his uisqualification.
Any Investigatoi may also be iemoveu foi cause, aftei the heaiing, by the vote
of at least six (6) membeis of the IBP Boaiu of uoveinois. The uecision of the Boaiu
of uoveinois in all cases of uisqualification oi iemoval shall be final.
S27
SEC. S. K+#"%, '( #)% E0#"'.0$ M2"%70.1% -.7%,#"60#'2=The National uiievance
Investigatois shall investigate all complaints against membeis of the Integiateu Bai
iefeiieu to them by the IBP Boaiu of uoveinois.
SEC. 4. 5)03#%2 0,,",#0.1% #' 1'93$0".0.#=The piopei IBP Chaptei may assist
the complainants) in the piepaiation anu filing of his complaint(s).
SEC. S. >%27"1% '2 8",9",,0$=If the complaint appeais to be meiitoiious, the
Investigatoi shall uiiect that a copy theieof be seiveu upon the iesponuent,
iequiiing him to answei the same within fifteen (1S) uays fiom the uate of seivice.
If the complaint uoes not meiit action, oi if the answei shows to the satisfaction of
the Investigatoi that the complaint is not meiitoiious, the same may be uismisseu
by the Boaiu of uoveinois upon his iecom-menuation. A copy of the iesolution of
uismissal shall be fuinisheu the complainant anu the Supieme Couit which may
ieview the case 9'#+ 32'32"' oi upon timely appeal of the complainant fileu within
1S uays fiom notice of the uismissal of the complaint.
No investigation shall be inteiiupteu oi teiminateu by ieason of the
uesistance, settlement, compiomise, iestitution, withuiawal of the chaiges, oi
failuie of the complainant to piosecute the same.
SEC. 6. N%2"("10#"'. 0.8 ,%27"1% '( 0.,/%2=The answei shall be veiifieu. The
oiiginal anu five (S) legible copies of the answei shall be fileu with the Investigatoi,
with pioof of seivice of a copy theieof on the complainant oi his counsel.
SEC. 7. H89".",#20#"7% 1'+.,%$=The IBP Boaiu of uoveinois shall appoint a
suitable membei of the Integiateu Bai as counsel to assist the complainant oi the
iesponuent uuiing the investigation in case of neeu foi such assistance.
SEC. 8. -.7%,#"60#"'.=0pon joinuei of issues oi upon failuie of the iesponuent
to answei, the Investigatoi shall, with uelibeiate speeu, pioceeu with the
investigation of the case. Be shall have the powei to issue subpoenas anu auministei
oaths. The iesponuent shall be given full oppoitunity to uefenu himself, to piesent
witnesses on his behalf, anu be heaiu by himself anu counsel. Bowevei, if upon
ieasonable notice, the iesponuent fails to appeai, the investigation shall pioceeu %L
302#%=
The Investigatoi shall teiminate the investigation within thiee (S) months
fiom the uate of its commencement, unless extenueu foi goou cause by the Boaiu of
uoveinois upon piioi application.
Willful failuie to iefusal to obey a subpoena oi any othei lawful oiuei issueu
by the Investigatoi shall be uealt with as foi inuiiect contempt of couit. The
S28
coiiesponuing chaige shall be fileu by the Investigatoi befoie the IBP Boaiu of
uoveinois which shall iequiie the allegeu contemnoi to show cause within ten (1u)
uays fiom notice. The IBP Boaiu of uoveinois may theieaftei conuuct heaiings, if
necessaiy, in accoiuance with the pioceuuie set foith in this Rule foi heaiings
befoie the Investigatoi. Such heaiing shall as fai as piacticable be teiminateu within
fifteen (1S) uays fiom its commencement. Theieaftei, the IBP Boaiu of uoveinois
shall within a like peiiou of fifteen (1S) uays issue a iesolution setting foith its
finuings anu iecommenuations, which shall foithwith be tiansmitteu to the
Supieme Couit foi final action anu if waiianteu, the imposition of penalty.
SEC. 9. K%3',"#"'.,=Bepositions may be taken in accoiuance with the Rules of
Couit with leave of the investigatois).
Within the Philippines, uepositions may be taken befoie any membei of the
Boaiu of uoveinois, the Piesiuent of any Chaptei, oi any officei authoiizeu by law
to auministei oaths.
Bepositions may be taken outsiue the Philippines befoie a uiplomatic oi
consulai iepiesentative of the Philippine uovein-ment oi befoie any peison agieeu
upon by the paities oi uesignateu by the Boaiu of uoveinois.
Any suitable membei of the Integiateu Bai in the Place wheie a ueposition
shall be taken may be uesignateu by the Investigatoi to assist the complainant oi the
iesponuent in taking a ueposition.
SEC. 1u. *%3'2# '( -.7%,#"60#'2=RNot latei than thiity (Su) uays fiom the
teimination of the investigation, the Investigatoi shall submit a iepoit containing
his finuings of fact anu iecom-menuations to the IBP Boaiu of uoveinois, togethei
with the stenogiaphic notes anu the tiansciipt theieof, anu all the eviuence
piesenteu uuiing the investigation. The submission of the iepoit neeu not await the
tiansciiption of the stenogiaphic notes, it being sufficient that the iepoit iepiouuce
substantially fiom the Investigatoi's peisonal notes any ielevant anu peitinent
testimonies.
SEC. 11. K%(%1#,=No uefect in a complaint, notice, answei, oi in the
pioceeuing oi the Investigatoi's Repoit shall be consiueieu as substantial unless the
Boaiu of uoveinois, upon consiueiing the whole iecoiu, finus that such uefect has
iesulteu oi may iesult in a miscaiiiage of justice, in which event the Boaiu shall take
such iemeuial action as the ciicumstances may waiiant, incluuing invaliuation of
the entiie pioceeuings.
SEC. 12. *%7"%/ 0.8 8%1","'. 4; #)% Q'028 '( M'7%2.'2,=
S29
(a) Eveiy case heaiu by an investigatoi shall be ievieweu by the IBP
Boaiu of uoveinois upon the iecoiu anu eviuence tiansmitteu to it by the
Investigatoi with his iepoit. The uecision of the Boaiu upon such ieview shall
be in wiiting anu shall cleaily anu uistinctly state the facts anu the ieasons on
which it is baseu. It shall be piomulgateu within a peiiou not exceeuing thiity
(Su) uays fiom the next meeting of the Boaiu following the submittal of the
Investigatoi's Repoit.
(b) If the Boaiu, by the vote of a majoiity of its total membeiship,
ueteimines that the iesponuent shoulu be suspenueu fiom the piactice of law
oi uisbaiieu, it shall issue a iesolution setting foith its finuings anu
iecommenuations which, togethei with the whole iecoiu of the case, shall
foithwith be tiansmitteu to the Supieme Couit foi final action.
(c) If the iesponuent is exoneiateu by the Boaiu oi the uisciplinaiy
sanction imposeu by it is less than suspension oi uisbaiment (such as
aumonition, iepiimanu, oi finu) it shall issue a uecision exoneiating
iesponuent oi imposing such sanction. The case shall be ueemeu teiminateu
unless upon petition of the complainant oi othei inteiesteu paity fileu with the
Supieme Couit within fifteen (1S) uays fiom notice of the Boaiu's iesolution,
the Supieme Couit oiueis otheiwise.
(u) Notice of the iesolution oi uecision of the Boaiu shall be given to
all paities thiough theii counsel. A copy of the same shall be tiansmitteu to the
Supieme Couit.
AB *!+2$$0-('. -( /@$ ."*!$8$ 2+"!/
SEC. 1S. >+32%9% 5'+2# -.7%,#"60#'2,=In pioceeuings initiateu 9'#+ 32'32"'
by the Supieme Couit oi in othei pioceeuings when the inteiest of justice so
iequiies, the Supieme Couit may iefei the case foi investigation to the Solicitoi
ueneial oi to any officei of the Supieme Couit oi juuge of a lowei couit, in which
case the investigation shall pioceeu in the same mannei pioviueu in sections 6 to 11
heieof, save that the ieview of the iepoit of investigation shall be conuucteu uiiectly
by the Supieme Couit.
SEC. 14. *%3'2# '( #)% >'$"1"#'2 M%.%20$ '2 '#)%2 5'+2# 8%,"6.0#%8 -.7%,#"60#'2=
Baseu upon the eviuence auuuceu at the investigation, the Solicitoi ueneial oi othei
Investigatoi uesignateu by the Supieme Couit shall submit to the Supieme Couit a
iepoit containing his finuings of fact anu iecommenuations togethei with the iecoiu
anu all the eviuence piesenteu in the investigation foi the final action of the
Supieme Couit.
SSu
2B 2+88+( *!+,-.-+(.
SEC. 1S. >+,3%.,"'. '( 0##'2.%; 4; >+32%9% 5'+2#=Aftei ieceipt of
iesponuent's answei oi lapse of the peiiou theiefoi, the Supieme Couit, 9'#+
32'32"'< oi at the instance of the IBP Boaiu of uoveinois upon the iecommenuation
of the Investigatois, may suspenu an attoiney fiom the piactice of his piofession foi
any of the causes specifieu in Rule 1S8, Section 27, uuiing the penuency of the
investigation until such suspension is lifteu by the Supieme Couit.
SEC. 16. >+,3%.,"'. '( 0##'2.%; 4; #)% 5'+2# '( H33%0$, '2 0 *%6"'.0$ !2"0$
5'+2#=R!)% Couit of Appeals oi Regional Tiial Couit may suspenu an attoiney fiom
piactice foi any of the causes nameu in Rule 1S8, Section 27, until fuithei action of
the Supieme Couit in the case.
SEC. 17. G3'. ,+,3%.,"'. 4; 5'+2# '( H33%0$, '2 *%6"'.0$ !2"0$ 5'+2#< (+2#)%2
32'1%%8".6, ". >+32%9% 5'+2#=0pon such suspension, the Couit of Appeals oi a
Regional Tiial Couit shall foithwith tiansmit to the Supieme Couit a ceitifieu copy
of the oiuei of suspension anu a full statement of the facts upon which the same was
baseu. 0pon ieceipt of such ceitifieu copy anu statement, the Supieme Couit shall
make a full investigation of the case anu may ievoke, shoiten oi extenu the
suspension, oi uisbai the attoiney as the facts may waiiant.
SEC. 18. 5'.("8%.#"0$"#;=Pioceeuings against attoineys shall be piivate anu
confiuential. Bowevei, the final oiuei of the Supieme Couit shall be publisheu like
its uecisions in othei cases.
SEC. 19. JL3%.,%,=All ieasonable anu necessaiy expenses incuiieu in ielation
to uisciplinaiy anu uisbaiment pioceeuings aie lawful chaiges foi which the paities
may be taxeu as costs.
SEC. 2u. J((%1#"7"#; 0.8 !20.,"#'2; D2'7","'.=RThis Rule shall take effect on
}une 1, 1988 anu shall supeiseue the piesent Rule 1S9 entitleu "BISBARNENT 0R
S0SPENSI0N 0F ATT0RNEYS." All cases penuing investigation by the 0ffice of the
Solicitoi ueneial shall be tiansfeiieu to the Integiateu Bai of the Philippines Boaiu
of uoveinois foi investigation anu uisposition as pioviueu in this Rule except those
cases wheie the investigation has been substan-tially completeu. OQ02 A0##%2 E'=
dg]< *%,'$+#"'. H32"$ ^d< ^Yff=P

!"#$ &6>
SS1
0-.2-*#-($ +4 D"0'$. +4 !$'"#)! )(0 .*$2-)# 2+"!/. )(0 D"./-2$. +4
/@$ 2+"!/ +4 )**$)#. )(0 /@$ .)(0-')(A)1)(
SECTI0N 1. S'/ ".,#"#+#%8=Pioceeuings foi the uiscipline of }uuges of iegulai
anu special couits anu }ustices of the Couit of Appeals anu the Sanuiganbayan may
be instituteu 9'#+ 32'32"' by the Supieme Couit oi upon a veiifieu complaint,
suppoiteu by affiuavits of peisons who have peisonal knowleuge of the facts allegeu
theiein oi by uocuments which may substantiate saiu allegations, oi upon an
anonymous complaint, suppoiteu by public iecoius of inuubitable integiity. The
complaint shall be in wiiting anu shall state cleaily anu concisely the acts anu
omissions constituting violations of stanuaius of conuuct piesciibeu foi }uuges by
law, the Rules of Couit, oi the Coue of }uuicial Conuuct.
SEC. 2. H1#"'. '. #)% 1'93$0".#=If the complaint is sufficient in foim anu
substance, a copy theieof shall be seiveu upon the iesponuent, anu he shall be
iequiieu to comment within ten (1u) uays fiom the uate of seivice. 0theiwise, the
same shall be uismisseu.
SEC. S. Q; /)'9 1'93$0".# ".7%,#"60#%8=0pon the filing of the iesponuent's
comment, oi upon the expiiation of the time foi filing the same anu unless othei
pleauings oi uocuments aie iequiieu, the Couit shall iefei the mattei to the 0ffice of
the Couit Auministiatoi foi evaluation, iepoit, anu iecommenuation oi assign the
case foi investigation, iepoit, anu iecommenuation to a ietiieu membei of the
Supieme Couit, if the iesponuent is a }ustice of the Couit of Appeals anu the
>0.8"60.40;0., oi to a }ustice of the Couit of Appeals, if the iesponuent is a }uuge of
a Regional Tiial Couit oi of a special couit of equivalent iank oi, to a }uuge of the
Regional Tiial Couit if the iesponuent is a }uuge of an infeiioi couit.
SEC 4. S%02".6=The investigating }ustice oi }uuge shall set a uay foi the
heaiing anu senu notice theieof to both patties. At such heaiing, the paities may
piesent oial anu uocumentaiy eviuence. If, aftei uue notice, the iesponuent fails to
appeai, the investigation shall, pioceeu %L 302#%=
The Investigating }ustice oi }uuge shall teiminate the investigation within
ninety (9u) uays fiom the uate of its commencement oi within such extension as the
Supieme Couit may giant.
SEC. S. *%3'2#=Within thiity (Su) fiom the teimination of the investigation,
the investigating }ustice oi }uuge shall submit to the Supieme Couit a iepoit
containing finuings of fact anu iecommenuation. The iepoit shall be accompanieu
by the iecoiu containing the eviuence anu the pleauings fileu by the paities. The
iepoit shall be confiuential anu shall be foi exclusive use of the Couit.
SS2
SEC. 6. H1#"'.=The Couit shall take such action on the iepoit as the facts anu
the law may waiiant.
SEC. 7. 5$0,,"("10#"'. '( 1)026%,=Auministiative chaiges aie classifieu as
seiious, less seiious, oi light.
SEC. 8. S%2"'+, 1)026%,=Seiious chaiges incluue:
1. Biibeiy, uiiect oi inuiiect;
2. Bishonesty anu violations of the Anti-uiaft anu Coiiupt Piactices
Law (R.A. No. Su19);
S. uioss misconuuct constituting violations of the Coue of }uuicial
Conuuct;
4. Knowingly ienueiing an unjust juugment oi oiuei as ueteimineu
by a competent couit in an appiopiiate pioceeuing;
S. Conviction of a ciime involving moial tuipituue;
6. Willful failuie to pay a just uebt;
7. Boiiowing money oi piopeity fiom lawyeis anu litigants in a case
penuing befoie the couit;
8. Immoiality;
9. uioss ignoiance of the law oi pioceuuie;
1u. Paitisan political activities; anu
11. Alcoholism anuoi vicious habits.
SEC. 9. W%,, >%2"'+, 5)026%,=Less seiious chaiges incluue:
1. 0nuue uelay in ienueiing a uecision oi oiuei, oi in tiansmitting
the iecoius of a case;
2. Fiequent anu unjustifieu absences without leave oi habitual
taiuiness;
S. 0nauthoiizeu piactice of law;
4. violation of Supieme Couit iules, uiiectives, anu ciiculais;
S. Receiving auuitional oi uouble compensation unless specifically
authoiizeu by law;
SSS
6. 0ntiuthful statements in the ceitificate of seivice; anu
7. Simple Nisconuuct.
SEC. 1u. W"6)# 5)026%,=Light chaiges incluue:
1. vulgai anu unbecoming conuuct;
2. uambling in public;
S. Fiateinizing with lawyeis anu litigants with penuing casecases in
his couit; anu
4. 0nuue uelay in the submission of monthly iepoits.
SEC. 11. >0.1#"'.,=A. If the iesponuent is guilty of a seiious chaige, any of the
following sanctions may be imposeu:
1. Bismissal fiom the seivice, foifeituie of all oi pait of the benefits
as the Couit may ueteimine, anu uisqualification fiom ieinstatement oi
appointment to any public office, incluuing goveinment-owneu oi contiolleu
coipoiations: Pioviueu, howevei, that the foifeituie of benefits shall in no case
incluue acciueu leave cieuits;
2. Suspension fiom office without salaiy anu othei benefits foi moie
than thiee (S) but not exceeuing six (6) months; oi
S. A fine of moie than P2u,uuu.uu but not exceeuing P4u.uuu.uu.
B. If the iesponuent is guilty of a less seiious chaige, any of the following
sanctions shall be imposeu:
1. Suspension fiom office without salaiy anu othei benefits foi not
less than one (1) noi moie than thiee (S) months; oi
2. A fine of moie than P1u,uuu.uu but not exceeuing P2u,uuu.uu.
C. If the iesponuent is guilty of a light chaige, any of the following sanctions
shall be imposeu:
1. A fine of not less than P1,uuu.uu but not exceeuing P1u,uuu.uu
anuoi;
2. Censuie;
S. Repiimanu;
4. Aumonition with waining.
SS4
SEC. 12. 5'.("8%.#"0$"#; '( 32'1%%8".6,=Pioceeuings against }uuges of iegulai
anu special couits anu }ustices of the Couit of Appeals anu the Sanuiganbayan shall
be piivate anu confiuential, but a copy of the uecision oi iesolution of the Couit shall
be attacheu to the iecoiu of the iesponuent in the 0ffice of the Couit Auministiatoi.
!"#$ &6&S
#$')# 4$$.
SECTI0N 1. D0;9%.# '( (%%,=R0pon the filing of the pleauing oi othei
application which initiates an action oi pioceeuing, the fees piesciibeu theiefoi
shall be paiu in full. (n)
SEC. 2. T%%, 0, $"%.=RWheie the couit in its final juugment awaius a claim not
allegeu, oi a ielief uiffeient fiom oi moie than that claimeu in the pleauing, the
paity conceineu shall pay the auuitional fees which shall constitute a lien on the
juugment in satisfaction of saiu lien. The cleik of couit shall assess anu collect the
coiiesponuing fees. (n)
SEC. S. D%2,'., 0+#)'2"U%8 #' 1'$$%1# $%60$ (%%,=Except as otheiwise pioviueu
in this iule, the officeis anu peisons heieinaftei mentioneu, togethei with theii
assistants anu ueputies, may uemanu, ieceive, anu take the seveial fees heieinaftei
mentioneu anu alloweu foi any business by them iespectively uone by viitue of
theii seveial offices, anu no moie. All fees so collecteu shall be foithwith iemitteu to
the Supieme Couit. The fees collecteu shall acciue to the geneial funu. Bowevei, all
incieases in the legal fees piesciibeu in amenuments to this iule as well as new legal
fees piesciibeu heiein shall peitain to the }uuiciaiy Bevelopment Funu as
establisheu by law. The peisons heiein authoiizeu to collect legal fees shall be
accountable officeis anu shall be iequiieu to post bonu in such amount as
piesciibeu by law. (1a)
SEC. 4. 5$%2I, '( #)% 5'+2# '( H33%0$, 0.8 '( #)% >+32%9% 5'+2#=
(a) Foi filing an action, pioceeuing, appeal by notice oi iecoiu on
appeal when iequiieu, enteiing appeaiance of the paities, enteiing oiueis of
the couit, filing anu uocketing all motions, uocketing of case on all piopei
uockets, anu inuexing the same, enteiing, iecoiuing anu ceitification of
juugment anu iemanuing of iecoius to the lowei couit, taxing anu costs,
auministeiing all necessaiy oaths oi affiimations in the action oi pioceeuing,
iecoiuing the opinion of the couit, anu issuing all necessaiy piocess in the
SSS
action oi pioceeuing not heiein otheiwise pioviueu foi, each action oi special
pioceeuing, five hunuieu (PSuu.uu) pesos;
(b) Foi the peifoimance of maiiiage ceiemony, incluuing issuance
of ceitificate of maiiiage, thiee hunuieu (PSuu.uu) pesos;
(c) Foi fuinishing tiansciipts of the iecoiu oi copies of any iecoiu,
juugment, oi entiy of which any peison is entitleu to uemanu anu ieceive a
copy, foi each page, foui (P4.uu) pesos;
(u) Foi each ceitificate not on piocess, thiity (PSu.uu) pesos;
(e) Foi eveiy seaich foi anything above a yeai's stanuing anu
ieauing the same, fifteen (P1S.uu) pesos;
(f) Foi a commission on all money coming into his hanus by these
iules oi oiuei of the couit anu caiing foi the same, two anu one-half (2.S%)
peicent on all sums not exceeuing foui thousanu (P4,uuu.uu) pesos anu one
anu one-half (1.S%) peicent upon all sums in excess of foui thousanu
P4,uuu.uu pesos anu one (1%) peicent on all sums in excess of foity thousanu
(P4u.uuu.uu) pesos. (2a)
SEC. S. T%%, #' 4% 30"8 4; #)% 0870.1".6 302#;=The fees of the cleik of the
Couit of Appeals oi of the Supieme Couit shall be paiu him at the time of the entiy
of the action oi pioceeuing in the couit by the paity who enteis the same by appeal,
oi otheiwise, anu the cleik shall in all cases give a ieceipt foi the same anu shall
entei the amount ieceiveu upon his book, specifying the uate when ieceiveu, peison
fiom whom ieceiveu, name of action in which ieceiveu, anu amount ieceiveu. If the
fees aie not paiu, the couit may iefuse to pioceeu with the action until they aie paiu
anu may uismiss the appeal oi the action oi pioceeuing. (Sa)
SEC. 6. T%%, '( 402 10.8"80#%,=
(a) Foi filing the application foi aumission to the bai, whethei
aumitteu to the examination oi not, one thousanu seven hunuieu fifty
(P1,7Su.uu) pesos foi new applicants anu foi iepeateis, plus the auuitional
amount of two hunuieu (P2uu.uu) pesos multiplieu by the numbei of times the
applicant has faileu in the bai examinations;
(b) Foi aumission to the bai, incluuing oath taking, signing of the ioll
of attoineys, the issuance of uiploma of aumission to the Philippine Bai, one
thousanu anu seven hunuieu fifty (P1,7Su.uu) pesos;
SS6
(c) 0thei Bai Fees. Foi the issuance of:
1. Ceitification of aumission to the Philippine Bai.................. P Su.uu
2. Ceitificate of goou stanuing (local) ........................................... Su.uu
S. Ceitificate of goou stanuing (foieign) ....................................... 1uu.uu
4. veiification of membeiship in the bai.......................................... Su.uu
S. Ceitificate of giaues in the bai examinations ............................. Su.uu
6. 0thei ceitification of iecoius at the Bai 0ffice, pei
page .................................................................................................... 1S.uu
7.A uuplicate uiploma of aumission to the Philippine
Bai . ................................................................................................. Suu.uu
Foi seivices in connection with the ietuin of examination notebooks to
examinees, a fee of thiity (PSu.uu) pesos shall also be chaigeu. (6a)
SEC. 7. 5$%2I, '( *%6"'.0$ !2"0$ 5'+2#,=
(a) Foi filing an action oi a peimissive countei-claim oi money claim
against an estate not baseu on juugment, oi foi filing with leave of couit a
thiiu-paity, fouith-paity, etc. complaint, oi a complaint in inteivention, anu foi
all cleiical seivices in the same, if the total-sum claimeu, exclusive of inteiest,
oi the stateu value of the piopeity in litigation, is:
1. Less than P1uu,uuu.uu ......................................................... P Suu.uu
2. P1uu,uuu.uu oi moie but less than P1Su,uuu.uu .............8uu.uu
S. P1Su,uuu.uu oi moie but less than
P2uu,uuu.uu ............................... 1,uuu.uu
4. P2uu,uuu.uu oi moie but less than
P2Su,uuu.uu ................................. 1,Suu.uu
S. P2Su,uuu.uu oi moie but less than
PSuu.uuu.uu ............................... 1,7Su.uu
6. PSuu,uuu.uu oi moie but less than
SS7
PSSu,uuu.uu ................................2,uuu.uu
7. PSSu,uuu.uu oi moie but not moie than
P4uu,uuu.uu ................................2,2Su.uu
8. Foi each P1,uuu.uu in excess of
P4uu,uuu.uu ..................................... 1u.uu
(b) Foi filing:
1. Actions wheie the value of the subject mattei cannot
be estimateu ........................................................................ P 6uu.uu
2. Special civil actions except juuicial foieclosuie of moitgage which shall be goveineu by
paiagiaph (a) above ............................................6uu.uu
S. All othei actions not involving piopeity ......................................6uu.uu
In a ieal action, the assesseu value of the piopeity, oi if theie is none,
the estimateu value, theieof shall be allegeu by the claimant anu shall be the
basis in computing the fees.
(c) Foi filing iequests foi extiajuuicial foieclosuie of ieal estate oi
chattel moitgage, if the amount of the inuebteuness, oi the moitgagee's claim,
is:
1. Less than PSu,uuu.uu ....................................................... P 27S.uu
2. PSu,uuu.uu oi moie but less than
P1uu,uuu.uu...........................................................................4uu.uu
S. P1uu,uuu.uu oi moie but less than
P1Su,uuu.uu.......................................................................... Suu.uu
4. P1Su,uuu.uu oi moie but less than
P2uu,uuu.uu......................................................................... 6Su.uu
S. P2uu,uuu.uu oi moie but less than
P2Su,uuu.uu....................................................................... 1,uuu.uu
6. P2Su,uuu.uu oi moie but less than
SS8
PSuu,uuu.uu ...................................................................... 1,2Su.uu
7. PSuu,uuu.uu oi moie but less than
P4uu,uuu.uu ...................................................................... 1,Suu.uu
8. P4uu,uuu.uu oi moie but less than
Suu,uuu.uu..........................................................................1,7Su.uu
9. PSuu,uuu.uu oi moie but less than
P1,uuu,uuu.uu.................................................................... 2,uuu.uu
1u. Foi each P1,uuu.uu in excess of
P1,uuu,uuu.uu...........................................................................1u.uu
(u) Foi initiating pioceeuings foi the allowance of wills, gianting
letteis of auministiation, appointment of guaiuians, tiustees, anu othei special
pioceeuings, the fees payable shall be collecteu in accoiuance with the value of
the piopeity involveu in the pioceeuings, which must be stateu in the
application oi petition, as follows:
1. Noie than P1uu,uuu.uu but less than
P1Su,uuu.uu .......................P2,uuu.uu
2. P1Su,uuu.uu oi moie but less than
P2uu,uuu.uu .............................. 2Su.uu
S. P2uu,uuu.uu oi moie but less than
P2Su,uuu.uu ........................ 2,Suu.uu
4. P2Su,uuu.uu oi moie but less than
PSuu,uuu.uu ........................ 2,7Su.uu
S. PSuu,uuu.uu oi moie but less than
PSSu.uuu.uu......................... S,uuu.uu
6. P1uu,uuu.uu oi moie but not moie than
P4uu,uuu.uu ........................ S,2Su.uu
7. Foi each P1,uuu.uu in excess of
SS9
P4uu,uuu.uu .....................................1u.uu
If the value of the estate as uefinitely appiaiseu by the couits is moie
than the value ueclaieu in the application, the uiffeience of fee shall be paiu;
pioviueu, that a ceitificate fiom the cleik of couit that the piopei fees have
been paiu shall be iequiieu piioi to the closuie of the pioceeuings.
(e) Foi filing petitions foi natuialization oi othei moues of
acquisition of citizenship, two thousanu (P2,uuu.uu) pesos;
(f) Foi filing petitions foi auoption, suppoit, annulment of maiiiage,
legal sepaiation anu othei actions oi pioceeuings unuei the Family Coue, two
hunuieu (P2uu.uu) pesos;
If the pioceeuings involve sepaiation of piopeity, an auuitional fee
coiiesponuing to the value of the piopeity involveu shall be collecteu,
computeu in accoiuance with the iates foi special pioceeuings.
(g) Foi all othei special pioceeuings not conceining piopeity two
hunuieu (P2uu.uu) pesos;
(h) Foi the peifoimance of maiiiage ceiemony incluuing issuance of
ceitificate of maiiiage, thiee hunuieu (PSuu.uu) pesos;
(i) Foi filing an application foi commission as notaiy public, five
hunuieu (PSuu.uu) pesos;
(j) Foi ceitifieu copies of any papei, iecoiu, ueciee, juugments oi
entiy theieof foi each page, foui (P4.uu) pesos anu fifteen (P1S.uu) pesos foi
ceitification;
(k) Foi a commission on all money coming into the cleiks' hanus by
law, iule, oiuei oi wiit of couit anu caiing foi the same, one anu one-half
(1.S%) pei centum on all sums not exceeuing foity thousanu (P4u,uuu.uu)
pesos, anu one (1%) pei centum on all sums in excess of foity thousanu
(P4u,uuu.uu) pesos;
(l) Foi any othei seivices as cleik not pioviueu in this section, one
hunuieu anu fifty (1Su.uu) pesos shall be collecteu. (7a)
SEC. 8. 5$%2I, '( 5'+2#, '( #)% T"2,# W%7%$=R
(a) Foi each civil action oi pioceeuing, wheie the value of
the subject mattei involveu, oi the amount of the uemanu, inclusive of
inteiest, uamages of whatevei kinu, attoiney's fees, litigation expenses, anu
S4u
costs, is:
1. Not moie than P2u,uuu.uu ..............................................P 1Su.uu
2. Noie than P2u,uuu.uu but not moie than
P1uu,uuu.uu .......................................................................... Suu.uu
S. Noie than P1uu,uuu.uu but not moie than
P2uu,uuu.uu......................................................................1,2Su.uu
4. Noie than P2uu,uuu.uu but not moie than
Suu,uuu.uu ........................................................................1,7Su.uu
S. Noie than PSuu,uuu.uu but not moie than
P4uu,uuu.uu .................................................................... 2,Suu.uu
In a ieal action, othei than foi foicible entiy anu unlawful uetainei,
the assesseu value of the piopeity oi if not ueclaieu foi taxation puiposes, the
assesseu value of the aujacent lots, oi if theie is none, the estimateu value
theieof shall be allegeu by the claimant anu shall be the basis in computing the
fees.
(b) Foi initiating pioceeuings foi the allowance of wills,
gianting of letteis of auministiation anu settlement of estates of small value,
wheie the value of the estate is:
1. Not moie than P2u,uuu.uu .................................................. P 2Su.uu
2. Noie than P2u,uuu.uu but not moie than
P1uu,uuu.uu .........................................................................1,SSu.uu
S. Noie than P1uu,uuu.uu but not moie than
P2uu,uuu.uu .........................................................................2,uuu.uu
4. Foi each pioceeuing othei than the allowance of wills (piobate), gianting a lettei of auministiation,
settlement of estate of small value, two hunuieu (P2uu.uu) pesos.

(c) Foi foicible entiy anu unlawful uetainei cases, one
hunuieu anu fifty (P1Su.uu) pesos;
(u) Foi appeals in all actions oi pioceeuings, incluuing foicible
S41
entiy anu uetainei cases, taken fiom couits of fiist level, two hunuieu
(P2uu.uu) pesos;
(e) Foi the peifoimance of maiiiage ceiemony, incluuing
issuance of ceitificate of maiiiage, thiee hunuieu (PSuu.uu) pesos;
(f) Foi taking affiuavit, twenty-five (P2S.uu) pesos;
(g) Foi taking acknowleugment, thiity (PSu.uu) pesos;
(h) Foi taking anu ceitifying uepositions, incluuing oath, pei
page, eight (P8.uu) pesos;
(i) Foi ceitifieu copies of any iecoiu, pei page, ten (P1u.uu)
pesos;
(j) Foi stamping anu iegisteiing books as iequiieu by Aiticles
nineteen anu thiity-six of the Coue of Commeice, each book, thiity (PSu.uu)
pesos;
(k) Foi peifoiming notaiial acts foi which fees aie not
specifically fixeu in this section, the same fees which notaiies public aie
entitleu to ieceive. (8a)
SEC. 9. >)%2"((, 0.8 '#)%2 3%2,'., ,%27".6 32'1%,,%,=
(a) Foi seiving summons anu copy of complaint, foi each
uefenuant, sixty (P6u.uu) pesos;
(b) Foi seiving subpoenas in civil action oi pioceeuing, foi each
witness to be seiveu, twenty-foui (24.uu) pesos;
(c) Foi executing a wiit of attachment against the piopeity of
uefenuant, sixty (P6u.uu) pesos;
(u) Foi seiving a tempoiaiy iestiaining oiuei, oi wiit of
injunction, pieliminaiy oi final, of any couit, sixty (P6u.uu) pesos;
(e) Foi executing a wiit of ieplevin, sixty (P6u.uu) pesos;
(f) Foi filing bonus oi othei instiuments oi secuiity in
piovisional iemeuies, foi each bonu oi instiument, fifty (PSu.uu) pesos;
(g) Foi executing a wiit oi piocess to place a paity in
possession of ieal estates, one hunuieu anu fifty (P1Su.uu) pesos;
(h) Foi auveitising a sale, besiues cost of publication, seventy-
S42
five (P7S.uu) pesos;
(i) Foi taking inventoiy of goous levieu upon when the
inventoiy is oiueieu by the couit, one hunuieu anu fifty (P1Su.uu) pesos pei
uay of actual inventoiy woik;
(j) Foi levying on execution on peisonal oi ieal piopeity,
seventy-five (P7S.uu) pesos;
(k) Foi issuing a notice of gainishment, foi each notice, thiity
(PSu.uu) pesos;
(l) Foi money collecteu by him by oiuei, execution,
attachment, oi any othei piocess, juuicial oi extiajuuicial, the following, to wit:
1. 0n the fiist foui thousanu (P4,uuu.uu) pesos, five (S%) pei
centum;
2. 0n all sums in excess of foui thousanu (P4,uuu.uu) pesos, two anu
one-half (2.S%) pei centum.
In auuition to the fees heieinabove fixeu, the paity iequest-ing the piocess of
any couit, pieliminaiy, inciuental, oi final, shall pay the sheiiffs expenses in seiving
oi executing the piocess, oi safeguaiuing the piopeity, levieu upon, attacheu oi
seizeu, incluuing kilometiage foi each kilometei of tiavel, guaius' fees, waiehousing
anu similai chaiges, in an amount estimateu by the sheiiff, subject to the appioval of
the couit. 0pon appioval of saiu estimateu expenses, the inteiesteu paity shall
ueposit such amount with the cleik of couit anu %L '(("1"' sheiiff, who shall uisbuise
the same to the ueputy sheiiff assigneu to effect the piocess, subject to liquiuation
within the same peiiou foi ienueiing a ietuin on the piocess. Any unspent amount
shall be iefunueu to the paity making the ueposit. A full iepoit shall be submitteu by
the ueputy sheiiff assigneu with his ietuin, anu the sheiiffs expenses shall be taxeu
as costs against the juugment uebtoi.(9a)
SEC. 1u. >#%.'6203)%2,=Stenogiapheis shall give ceitifieu tiansciipt of notes
taken by them to eveiy peison iequesting the same upon payment of (a) six (P6.uu)
pesos foi each page of not less than two hunuieu anu fifty woius befoie the appeal
is taken anu (b) thiee pesos anu sixty centavos (PS.6u) foi the same page, aftei the
filing of the appeal: D2'7"8%8< )'/%7%2< That one-thiiu of the total chaiges shall be
paiu to the couit anu the iemaining two-thiius to the stenogiaphei conceineu.(1ua)
SEC. 11. E'#02"%,=No notaiy public shall chaige oi ieceive foi any seivice
ienueieu by him any fee, iemuneiation oi compensation in excess of those
expiessly piesciibeu in the following scheuule:
S4S
(a) Foi piotests of uiafts, bills of exchange, oi piomissoiy notes
foi nonacceptance oi nonpayment, anu foi notice theieof, thiity-six (PS6.uu)
pesos;
(b) Foi the iegistiation of such piotest anu filing oi
safe-keeping of the same, thiity-six (PS6.uu) pesos;
(c) Foi authenticating poweis of attoiney, thiity-six (PS6.uu)
pesos;
(u) Foi swoin statement conceining coiiectness of any account
foi othei uocument, thiity-six (PS6.uu) pesos;
(e) Foi each oath of affiimation, thiity-six (PS6.uu) pesos;
(f) Foi ieceiving eviuence of inuebteuness to be sent outsiue,
thiity-six (PS6.uu) pesos;
(g) Foi issuing a ceitifieu copy of all oi pait of his notaiial
iegistei oi notaiial iecoius, foi each page, thiity-six (PS6.uu) pesos;
(h) Foi taking uepositions, foi each page, thiity-six (PS6.uu)
pesos; anu
(i) Foi acknowleuging othei uocuments not enumeiateu in this
section, thiity-six (PS6.uu) pesos. (11a)
SEC. 12. :#)%2 '(("1%2, #0I".6 8%3',"#"'.,=0thei officeis taking uepositions
shall ieceive the same compensation as above pioviueu foi notaiies public foi
taking anu ceitifying uepositions. (1u)
SEC. 1S. C"#.%,, (%%,=(a) Witnesses in the Supieme Couit, in the Couit of
Appeals anu in the Regional Tiial Couits, eithei in actions oi special pioceeuings,
shall be entitleu to one hunuieu (P1uu.uu) pesos pei uay inclusive of tiavel time;
(b) Witnesses befoie couits of the fiist level shall be alloweu fifty (PSu.uu)
pesos pei uay;
(c) Fees to which witnesses may be entitleu in a civil action shall be alloweu,
on the ceitification of the cleik of couit oi juuge of his appeaiance in the case. A
witness shall not be alloweu compensation foi his attenuance in moie than one case
oi moie then one siue of the same case at the same time, but may elect in which of
seveial cases oi on which siue of a case, when he is summoneu by both siues, to
claim his attenuance. A peison who is compelleu to attenu couit on othei business
shall not be paiu as witness. (11a)
S44
SEC. 14. T%%, '( 03320",%2,=Appiaiseis appointeu to appiaise the estate of a
waiu oi of a ueceaseu peison shall each ieceive a compensation of one hunuieu
(P1uu.uu) pesos pei uay foi the time actually anu necessaiily employeu in the
peifoimance of then uuties anu in making theii iepoits, which fees, in each instance,
shall be paiu out of the estate of the waiu oi ueceaseu peison, as the case may be.
Any actual anu necessaiy tiaveling expenses incuiieu in the peifoimance of the
uuties of such appiaiseis may likewise be alloweu anu paiu out of the estate. (12a)
SEC. 1S. T%%, '( 1'99",,"'.%2, ". %9".%.# 8'90". 32'1%%8".6,=The
commissioneis appointeu to appiaise lanu sought to be conuemneu foi public uses
in accoiuance with these iules shall each ieceive a compensation of one hunuieu
(P1uu.uu) pesos pei uay foi the time actually anu necessaiily employeu in the
peifoimance of theii uuties anu in making theii iepoit to the couit, which fees shall
be taxeu as a pait of the costs of the pioceeuings. (1Sa)
SEC. 16. T%%, '( 1'99",,"'.%2, ". 32'1%%8".6, ('2 302#"#"'. '( 2%0$ %,#0#%=The
commissioneis appointeu to make paitition of ieal estate shall each ieceive a
compensation of one hunuieu (P1uu.uu) pesos pei uay foi the time actually anu
necessaiily employeu in the peifoimance of theii uuties anu in making theii iepoit
to the couit, which fees shall be taxeu as a pait of the costs of the pioceeuings. (14a)
SEC. 17. T%%,< 0.8 #)% 011'+.# #)%2%'(=The cleik, unuei the uiiection of the
juuge, shall keep a book in which shall be enteieu the items of fees which have
acciueu foi the tiansaction of business coveieu by the piovisions of this iule, foi
which fees aie payable, specifying foi what business each time of fees has acciueu.
Receipts shall be given foi all fees ieceiveu anu they shall be accounteu foi in the
mannei pioviueu in ielation to the fees of cleiks of couit in actions. The book of fees
kept by the cleik shall be subject to the inspection of auuiting officeis anu otheis
inteiesteu theiein. (1S)
SEC. 18. -.8"6%.# $"#"60.#, %L%93# (2'9 30;9%.# '( $%60$ (%%,=Inuigent
litigants (a) whose gioss income anu that of theii immeuiate family uo not exceeu
foui thousanu (P4,uuu.uu) pesos a month if iesiuing in Netio Nanila, anu thiee
thousanu (PS,uuu.uu) pesos a month if iesiuing outsiue Netio Nanila, anu (b) who
uo not own ieal piopeity with an assesseu value of moie than fifty thousanu
(PSu,uuu.uu) pesos shall be exempt fiom the payment of legal fees.
The legal fees shall be a lien on any juugment ienueieu in the case favoiably to
the inuigent litigant, unless the couit otheiwise pioviues.
To be entitleu to the exemption heiein pioviueu, the litigant shall execute an
affiuavit that he anu his immeuiate family uo not eain a gioss income
S4S
abovementioneu, noi they own any ieal piopeity with the assesseu value
afoiementioneu, suppoiteu by an affiuavit of a uisinteiesteu peison attesting to the
tiuth of the litigant's affiuavit.
Any falsity in the affiuavit of a litigant oi uisinteiesteu peison shall be
sufficient cause to stiike out the pleauing of that paity, without piejuuice to
whatevei ciiminal liability may have been incuiieu. (16a) (Reau also RAs 6uS4 anu
6uSS, App.)
SEC. 19. In auuition to the fees imposeu in the pieceuing sections, a victim
compensation fee of five (PS.uu) pesos puisuant to Rep. Act No. 7Su9 shall be
assesseu anu collecteu foi the filing of eveiy complaint oi petition initiating an
oiuinaiy civil action, special civil action oi special pioceeuing in the tiial couits
incluuing civil actions implieuly instituteu with ciiminal actions unuei Rule 111,
Reviseu Rules of Ciiminal Pioceuuie wheie a filing fee is likewise collecteu. All sums
collecteu shall be iemitteu to the Bepaitment of }ustice eveiy quaitei by the Cleik of
Couit conceineu. (18-A) O*%08 *H \deY< H33=P
SEC. 2u. :#)%2 (%%,=RThe following fees shall also be collecteu by the cleiks of
Regional Tiial Couits oi couits of the fiist level, as the case may be:
(a) In estafa cases wheie the offenueu paity fails to manifest within
fifteen (1S) uays following the filing of the infoimation that the civil liability
aiising fiom the ciime has been oi woulu be sepaiately piosecuteu:
1. Less than P1uu,uuu.uu............................................. P Suu.uu
2. P1uu,uuu.uu oi moie but less than
P1Su,uuu.uu.................................................................................... 8uu.uu
S. P1Su,uuu.uu oi moie but less than
P2uu,uuu.uu.............................................................................. 1,uuu.uu
4. P2uu,uuu.uu oi moie but less than
P2Su,uuu.uu.............................................................................. 1,Suu.uu
S. P2Su,uuu.uu oi moie but less than
PSuu,uuu.uu.............................................................................. 1,7Su.uu
6. PSuu,uuu.uu oi moie but less than
S46
PSSu,uuu.uu............................................................................... 2,uuu.uu
7. PSSu,uuu.uu oi moie but no moie than
P4uu,uuu.uu............................................................................... 2,2Su.uu

(b) Foi motions foi postponement aftei completion of the pie-
tiial stage, one hunuieu (P1uu.uu) pesos foi the fiist, anu an auuitional fifty
(PSu.uu) pesos foi eveiy postponement theieaftei baseu on that foi the
immeuiately pioceeuing motion: Pioviueu, howevei, That no fee shall be
imposeu when the motion is founu to be baseu on justifiable anu compelling
ieason;
(c) Foi bonus by suieties in ciiminal anu civil cases, thiee
hunuieu (PSuu.uu) pesos;
(u) Foi applications foi anu entiies of ceitificates of sale anu
final ueeus of sale in extiajuuicial foieclosuies of moitgages, thiee hunuieu
(PSuu.uu) pesos;
(e) Foi applications foi anu ceitificates of sale in notaiial
foieclosuies:
1. 0n the fiist foui thousanu (P4.uuu.uu) pesos, five (S%) peicent;
2. 0n all sums in excess of foui thousanu (P4.uuu.uu) pesos, two anu
one-half (2.S%) peicent. (AN. A'= YYFfFe^F>5< >%3#= ^[< ^YYY=P
SEC. 21. M'7%2.9%.# %L%93#=R!)% Republic of the Philippines, its agencies anu
instiumentalities, aie exempt fiom paying the legal fees pioviueu in this iule. Local
goveinments anu goveinment-owneu oi contiolleu coipoiations with oi without
inuepenuent chaiteis aie not exempt fiom paying such fees. (19) OH, 09%.8%8 4;
H89= A%9'= E'= eeF`Fe^F>5< 0.8 "# #''I %((%1# '. #)% ^,# 80; '( A021) `eee=P

!"#$ &63
S47
2+./.
SECTI0N 1. 5',#, '28".02"$; ('$$'/ 2%,+$#, '( ,+"#RG.$%,, otheiwise pioviueu in
these iules, costs shall be alloweu to the pievailing paity as a mattei of couise, but
the couit shall have powei, foi special ieasons, to aujuuge that eithei paity shall pay
the costs of an action, oi that the same be uiviueu, as may be equitable. No costs
shall be alloweu against the Republic of the Philippines unless otheiwise pioviueu
by law.
SEC. 2. C)%. 01#"'. '2 033%0$ 8",9",,%8=If an action oi appeal is uismisseu
foi want of juiisuiction oi otheiwise, the couit neveitheless shall have the powei to
ienuei juugment foi costs, as justice may iequiie.
SEC. S. Costs /)%. 033%0$ (2"7'$'+,=Wheie an action oi an appeal is founu to
be fiivolous, uouble oi tieble costs may be imposeu on the plaintiff oi appellant,
which shall be paiu by his attoiney, if so oiueieu by the couit.
SEC. 4. T0$,% 0$$%60#"'.,=An aveiment in a pleauing maue without ieasonable
cause anu founu untiue shall subject the offenuing paity to the payment of such
ieasonable expenses as may have been necessaiily incuiieu by the othei paity by
ieason of such untiue pleauing. The amount of expenses so payable shall be fixeu by
the juuge in the tiial, anu taxeu as costs.
SEC. S. E' 1',#, ('2 "22%$%70.# 90##%2,=When the iecoiu contains any
unnecessaiy, iiielevant, oi immateiial mattei, the paity at whose instance the same
was inseiteu oi at whose instance the same was piinteu, shall not be alloweu as
costs any uisbuisement foi piepaiing, ceitifying, oi piinting such mattei.
SEC. 6. H##'2.%;a, (%%, 0, 1',#,=No attoiney's fees shall be taxeu as costs
against the auveise paity, except as pioviueu by the iules of civil law. But this
section shall have no ielation to the fees to be chaigeu by an attoiney as against his
client.
SEC. 7. *%,#2"1#"'. '( 1',#,=If the plaintiff in any action shall iecovei a sum
not exceeuing ten pesos as uebt oi uamages, he shall iecovei no moie costs than
uebt oi uamages, unless the couit shall ceitify that the action involveu a substantial
anu impoitant iight to the plaintiff in which case full costs may be alloweu.
SEC. 8. 5',#,< )'/ #0L%8=In infeiioi couits, the costs shall be taxeu by the
municipal oi city juuge anu incluueu in the juugment. In supeiioi couits, costs shall
be taxeu by the cleik of the coiiesponuing couit on five uays' wiitten notice given
by the pievailing paity to the auveise paity. With this notice shall be seiveu a
statement of the items of costs claimeu by the pievailing paity, veiifieu by his oath
S48
oi that of his attoiney. 0bjections to the taxation shall be maue in wiiting, specifying
the items objecteu to. Eithei paity may appeal to the couit fiom the cleik's taxation.
The costs shall be inseiteu in the juugment if taxeu befoie its entiy, anu payment
theieof shall be enfoiceu by execution.
SEC. 9. 5',#, ". 9+."1"30$ '2 1"#; 1'+2#,=In an action oi pioceeuing penuing
befoie a municipal oi city juuge, the pievailing paity may iecovei the following
costs, anu no othei:
(a) Foi the complaint oi answei, two pesos;
(b) Foi the attenuance of himself, oi his counsel, oi both, on the uay
of tiial, five pesos;
(c) Foi each auuitional uay's attenuance iequiieu in the actual tiial
of the case, one peso;
(u) Foi each witness piouuceu by him, foi each uay's necessaiy
attenuance at the tiial, one peso, anu his lawful tiaveling fees;
(e) Foi each ueposition lawfully taken by him anu piouuceu in
eviuence, five pesos;
(f) Foi oiiginal uocuments, ueeus, oi papeis of any kinu piouuceu
by him, nothing;
(g) Foi official copies of such uocuments, ueeus oi papeis, the lawful
fees necessaiily paiu foi obtaining such copies;
(h) The lawful fees paiu by him foi seivice of the summons anu othei
piocess in the action;
(i) The lawful fees chaigeu against him by the juuge of the couit in
enteiing anu uocketing anu tiying the action oi pioceeuing.
SEC. 1u. 5',#, ". *%6"'.0$ !2"0$ 5'+2#,=In an action oi pioceeuing penuing in
a Regional Tiial Couit, the pievailing paity may iecovei the following costs, anu no
othei:
(a) Foi the complaint oi answei, fifteen pesos;
(b) Foi his own attenuance, anu that of his attoiney, uown to anu
incluuing final juugment, twenty pesos;
(c) Foi each witness necessaiily piouuceu by him, foi each uay's
necessaiy attenuance of such witness at the tiial, two pesos, anu his lawful
S49
tiaveling fees;
(u) Foi each ueposition lawfully taken by him, anu piouuceu in
eviuence, five pesos;
(e) Foi oiiginal uocuments, ueeus, oi papeis of any kinu piouuceu by
him, nothing;
(f) Foi official copies of such uocuments, ueeus, oi papeis, the lawful
fees necessaiily paiu foi obtaining such copies;
(g) The lawful fees paiu by him in enteiing anu uocketing the action
oi iecoiuing the pioceeuings, foi the, seivice of any piocess in action, anu all
lawful cleik's fees paiu by him.
SEC. 11. 5',#, ". 5'+2# '( H33%0$, 0.8 ". >+32%9% 5'+2#= In an action oi
pioceeuing penuing in the Couit of Appeals oi in the Supieme Couit, the pievailing
paity may iecovei the following costs, anu no othei:
(a) Foi his own attenuance, anu that of his attoiney, uown to anu
incluuing final juugment, thiity pesos in the Couit of Appeals anu fifty pesos in
the Supieme Couit;
(b) Foi official copies of iecoiu on appeal anu the piinting theieof,
anu all othei copies iequiieu by the Rules of Couit the sum actually paiu foi
the same;
(c) All lawful fees chaigeu against him by the cleik of the Couit of
Appeals oi of the Supieme Couit, in enteiing anu uocketing the action anu
iecoiuing the pioceeuings anu juugment theiein anu foi the issuing of all
piocess;
(u) No allowance shall be maue to the pievailing paity in the
Supieme Couit oi Couit of Appeals foi the biief oi wiitten oi piinteu
aiguments of his attoiney, oi copies theieof, asiue fiom the thiity oi fifty pesos
above stateu;
(e) If testimony is ieceiveu in the Supieme Couit oi Couit of Appeals
not taken in anothei couit anu tiansmitteu theieto, the pievailing paity shall
be alloweu the same costs foi witness fees, uepositions, anu piocess anu
seivice theieof as he woulu have been alloweu foi such items hau the
testimony been intiouuceu in a Regional Tiial Couit;
(f) The lawful fees of a commissionei in an action may also be taxeu
against the uefeateu paity, oi appoitioneu as justice iequiies.
SSu
SEC. 12. 5',#, /)%. /"#.%,, (0"$, #' 033%02=If a witness fails to appeai at the
time anu place specifieu in the subpoena issueu by any infeiioi couit, the costs of
the waiiant of aiiest anu of the aiiest of the witness shall be paiu by the witness if
the couit shall ueteimine that his failuie to answei the subpoena was willful oi
without just excuse.
SEC. 1S. 5',#, /)%. 3%2,'. 1"#%8 ('2 %L09".0#"'. ". 32'40#% 32'1%%8".6,=
When a peison is citeu, on motion of anothei, to appeai befoie the couit to be
examineu in piobate pioceeuings, the couit may, in its uiscietion, tax costs foi the
peison so citeu anu issue execution theiefoi, allowing the same fees as foi witnesses
in Regional Tiial Couit.
!"#$ &65
)**#-2)A-#-/1 +4 /@$ !"#$.
These iules shall not apply to lanu iegistiation, cauastial anu election cases,
natuialization anu insolvency pioceeuings, anu othei cases not heiein pioviueu foi,
except by analogy oi in a suppletoiy chaiactei anu whenevei piacticable anu
convenient.

!"#$ &66
$44$2/-,$($..
These iules shall take effect on }anuaiy 1, 1964. They shall govein all cases
biought aftei they take effect, anu also all fuithei pioceeuings in cases then penuing,
except to the extent that in the opinion of the couit theii application woulu not be
feasible oi woulu woik injustice, in which event the foimei pioceuuie shall apply.


1 These Rules weie ieviseu anu appioveu on 0ctobei S, 2uuu to take effect on
Becembei 1, 2uuu. The same weie publisheu in the Nanila Bulletin anu the
Philippine Stai, 0ctobei 16 anu 18, iespectively.
* (Foim: Application foi Seaich Waiiant)
SS1
PE0PLE 0F TBE PBILIPPINES
Plaintiff,
Ciiminal
Case
No.____
veisus foi
A.B., {State natuie of the
offense)
Accuseu,
x ---------------------------------------------x
APPLICATI0N F0R SEARCB WARRANT
The unueisigneu (name of applicant) aftei having been uuly swoin; states:
1 That (name of the peison to be seaicheu), who may be founu at (uesciibe
piemises) is in possession oi has in his contiol (name piopeity subject of the
offense; oi stolen oi embezzleu anu othei pioceeus oi fiuits of the offense; oi useu
oi intenueu to be useu as the means of committing an offense) which he is keeping
anu concealing in piemises above uesciibeu. (Cancel uesciiption not applicable).
2. That a seaich waiiant shoulu be issueu to enable anu agent of the law to take
possession anu biing to his couit the following uesciibeu piopeity: (give a complete
anu uetaileu uesciiption of the piopeity to be seizeu).
Wheiefoie, the unueisigneu piays this Bonoiable Couit to issue a seaich waiiant
authoiizing any agent of the law to seaich the piemises above uesciibeu anu to
seize anu suiienuei to this Bonoiable Couit the peisonal piopeity mentioneu above
to be uealt with as the law uiiects.
______________, Philippines,______19______
______________
Applicant
(Foim: Seaich Waiiant)
PE0PLE 0F TBE PBILIPPINES
Plaintiff,
Ciiminal Case
SS2
No._______
veisus foi
A.B., (State natuie of the
offense)
Accuseu,
x -------------------------------------------x
T0 ANY PEACE 0FFICER
uieetings:
It appeaiing to the satisfaction of the unueisigneu aftei examining unuei oath
(name of applicant) anu his witness (name of witness) that theie is piobable cause
to believe that (uesciibe the act chaigeu) has been committeu oi is about to be
committeu anu that theie aie goou anu sufficient ieasons to believe that (name of
peison oi peisons to be seaicheu) has in his possession oi contiol in (uesciibe
piemises) in (name of stieet), uistiict of_______________________, (name of piopeity
subject of the offense, oi stolen oi embezzleu anu othei pioceeus oi fiuits of the
offense oi useu oi intenueu to be useu as a means of committing an offense) which
shoulu be seizeu anu biought to the unueisigneu. (Cancel uesciiption not
applicable)
You aie heieby commanueu to make an immeuiate seaich at any time in the uay (oi
night) of the piemises above uesciibeu anu foithwith seize anu take possession of
the following peisonal piopeity, to wit: (give a complete anu uetaileu uesciiption of
the piopeity to be seizeu) anu biing saiu piopeity to the unueisigneu to be uealt
with as the law uiiects.
Witness my hanu this_____uay of_______________, 19____
________
_____
}uuge


* As amenueu pei Resolution auopteu on Naich 14, 1989 anu took effect }uly
1, 1989.

1 This iule will be tiansposeu to Pait I of the Rules of Couit on Bepositions anu
Biscoveiy. (Rule 24)
SSS
* Resolution of the Couit %. 40.1 uateu }uly 27, 199S, pioviues that beginning next
yeai (1994), the Couit will not allow giauuates of foieign law schools to
take the bai examinations. An applicant who uesiies to take the bai
examinations must not only have stuuieu law in a local school but has to
piesent the ceitifications iequiieu unuei Sections S anu 6 of Rule 1S8
(Rules of Couit) in oiuei to take the bai examinations. Since giauuates of
foieign law schools cannot submit saiu ceitifications, they shall hencefoith
not be alloweu to take the bai examinations. (S.C. Res. issueu August S,
199S.)
Re: uuiuelines foi the iegistiation of foieign piofessionals alloweu by law to
piactice the iegisteieu piofessions in the Philippines. See PRC Resolution
No. 98-S47. S. 1998, issueu }anuaiy 2u, 1998.

* Supeiseueu by Sec. 2u, Rule 1S9-B.
1 Inseiteu by Republic Act No. 6S97, it took effect on }anuaiy 16, 197S.
* As amenueu by A.N. No. uu-2-u1-SC, which took effect on the 1st uay of Naich 1,
2uuu.