Programmes on Energy from Urban Wastes

By

Anil Dhussa Director, MNRE

Nov. 29, 2006

MNRE

Urban Wastes
Estimated Generation of Wastes from 423 Class-I cities:

Municipal Solid Waste Municipal Liquid Waste : 42 million tonnes / year : 6000 M cubic metres / year

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MSW1.jpg

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Urban Waste Scenario

1. Garbage dumping is leading to:
* * * * Pollution of underground water Breeding flies and rats Emission of GHGs (CH4 and CO2) Increased cost of waste management / transportation due to shifting of dump sites away from cities besides continuing demand for more land

2. Sewage treatment plants being installed biogas, if generated, seldom used appropriately
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Urban Waste Scenario

(contd.)

A Manual, Rules and Report of Technology Advisory Group include waste-to-energy as an option for Solid Waste Management enforcement of Rules yet to begin Waste-to-energy plants and Compost Plants being promoted;

India has ratified Kyoto Protocol for bringing about reduction in GHG emissions
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Urban Waste Scenario

(Contd)

Changes in the offing

Waste Producers will have to dispose of their waste after treatment Control of GHGs will be unavoidable may add to benefits from WTE projects under CDM Local Bodies will have to spend more on waste disposal as segregation and need for safe disposal will be a norm and not a matter of choice
MNRE

Nov. 29, 2006

Energy Recovery from Wastes

A solution for waste disposal problem as it;
* Reduces waste by 60 - 90% * Recovers energy and resources * Aids safe disposal of waste avoids pollution of land water and air

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Flowchart for MSW Processing Technologies

Organic (50%) Biodegradable (30% eg. Green wastes) Non-biodegradables (20%)
Biological conversion Composting Biomethanation Thermal Conversion RDF Combustion Open Area Digesters Manure Energy / manure

MSW

Boiler / turbine

Electricity

Inerts (40%) Eg. Debris, sweepings Recyclables (10%)

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Landfills Recycling
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Urban Waste Scenario

(contd.)

Compost Plants dont:

* * * Control pollutants from going to the soil Control odor in open process Control Leachate from open composting

* Control GHG Emissions - Methane of landfills gets converted into carbon dioxide.

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Potential for Energy from Urban Wastes

2007 MSW (lakh tpd) (MW) 1.48 2550 2012 2.15 3670 2017 3.03 5200

MLW (mcd) (MW)

17.75 330

20.70 390

24.75 460
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Energy from Urban Wastes

Recent Thrust

Honble President in his address to the Nation on August 14 called for promotion of power generation from MSW Parliamentary Standing Committee recommended setting up of WTE projects in all cities Honble Supreme Court Monitoring the implementation of MSW 2000 Rules 12th Finance Commission has recommended allocation of grants for solid waste management National Urban Renewal Mission is expected to boost new initiatives in 60 large cities Accelerated Programme developed by MNES
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Nov. 29, 2006

Projects Installed for Energy from Urban Wastes

6.6 MW project based on MSW at Hyderabad 6 MW project based on MSW at Vijayawada 5 MW project based on MSW at Lucknow 0.5 MW project at 100 mld. STP at Surat; 1 MW project based on Cattle Dung at Haebowal, Ludhiana; 150 kW plant for vegetable and slaughterhouse waste at Vijayawada. 0.25 MW power from vegetable market wastes at Chennai under commissioning.
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6.6 MW MSW based Power Project at Mahboobnagar by M/s. SELCO International Ltd., Hyderabad

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6.6 MW MSW based Power Project at Mahboobnagar by M/s. SELCO International Ltd., Hyderabad
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6 MW MSW based Power Plant by M/s. Shriram Energy Systems Ltd. at Vijayawada
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Project for generation of 5 MW power from Municipal Solid Waste at Lucknow

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1.0 MW power project based on cattle dung at Haebowal Dairy Complex Ludhiana, Punjab
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0.15 MW Power Project Utilizing Vegetable Market and Slaughterhouse Wastes at Vijayawada, A.P.
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Programme on Energy Recovery from Urban Wastes

Financial Assistance
Commercial Projects for MSW in fast track mode Rs 10.00 lakh as Project Development Assistance Up to Rs. 1.5 crore per MW as viability gap funding MSW projects based on high rate biomethanation
Rs. 2.00 crore per MW

Demonstration projects for MSW through new technologies Rs. 3.00 crore per MW Power generation from biogas at STPs Rs. 2.00 crore per MW Contd
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Programme on Energy Recovery from Urban Wastes (Contd..)

Financial Assistance
Power from other Urban Wastes Rs. 3.00 crore per MW for projects based on biomethanation technology for power generation from cattle dung, vegetable market, kitchen wastes, slaughterhouse wastes. Rs. 1.00 crore per MWeq for biogas generation for thermal application. Incentive to State Nodal Agencies 1% of financial assistance limited to Rs. 5.00 lakh per project

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Energy from Wastes

Project Viability depends upon

Subsidies available Direct subsidy Higher tariff for power Revenue sources Sale of Power AND / OR Sale of Manure Tipping FEE CER trading under CDM
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Energy from Wastes

Is necessary as:

It is inevitable for proper waste disposal Nothing else can do so much for waste managers WTE reduces pollution of air, water and land; saves land; reduces wastes and emissions of GHGs; recovers resources.

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Past initiatives for Waste-to-Energy in Nagpur

1. Project based on biomethanation M/s ENBEE 4 MW and 520 TPD MSW Bhandewadi Rs 48.00 crore Rs 12 crore (sanctioned in Mar 2000 Rs.4.20 crore (Refunded after sanction Sanctioned Rs 75 Project Promoters: Capacity of Project: Location : Project Cost: MNES subsidy sanctioned: Subsidy released: MNES Support for MC:

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Past initiatives for Waste-to-Energy in Nagpur (Contd.)

2. Proposal for Plasma Vitrification Technology
Project Promoters: M/s Environmental Solutions, USA Capacity of Project: 700 TPD MSW Location: Bhandewadi Project Cost: Rs 400.00 crore MNES sanction: Preliminary proposal considered only for in-principle approval for considering it a demonstration project in January 2005. (No progress since then)

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Initiatives Required for Waste-to-Energy in Nagpur

MSW-to-Energy Project
(A favourable policy for power purchase already notified by MERC)

Sewage gas collection and utilisation

(Biogas being generated at STP is being let off into atmosphere)

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Thank you