Assumptions - Loads

Two floor building from YTONG

Project title

Two floor building

Location
Design firm

General Building Characteristics

Building shape - Floors

Floors above ground level : 2

Construction level

Confined masonry

Execution control class (EC6 2.4.3)

Class 1

Floor heights [m]

Floors below : 0

Type of Floors

Gr. floor, floor height=2.70 [m], type=concrete slab

1st floor, floor height=2.70 [m], type=Timber roof

d=0.17[m]

Structure Loads (EC1)

Dead load on floors

Floor finishing= 0.80[kN/m], Walls on floors= 0.50[KN/m]

Live load on floors

Live load on floors = 2.00[KN/m], Live on stairs= 5.00[KN/m]

Live loads on balconies= 5.00[KN/m]

Dead load on roof

French type tiles+trusses Self weight= 0.70[KN/m]

Ceiling= 0.60[KN/m]

Live load on roof

Snow= 1.00[KN/m], Wind= 1.25[KN/m]

Wind loads (perpendicular) 1.25xsin(25)= 0.18[KN/m]

Action coefficients (EC0, T.A1.2)

=1.35,

Coefficients of action combination (EC0 T.A1.1)

=0.70,

Masonry Materials

POROTHERM 30

Concrete - Soil

C16/20-S220

=1.50
=0.50,

=0.30

qu=0.20 [N/mm,MPA]

Earthquake Design (EC8 3)

Seismic coefficient (EC8 3.2)

Category:

Ground type (EC8 3.1.2)

C,

Building class (EC8 4.2.5)

II

S=1.15

II, a=0.140g=1.37 m/s

T1=0.20sec T2=0.60sec

gI=1.00

Standards and regulations used in dimensioning:

Eurocode 6 (EC6): EN1996-1-1:2004, Design of masonry structures.
Eurocode 2 (EC2): EN1992-1-1:2004, Design of concrete structures.
Eurocode 8 (EC8): EN1998-1-1:2004, Design of structures for earthquake resistance
Eurocode 1 (EC1): EN1991-1-1:2003, Actions on Structures
Eurocode 0 (EC0): EN1990-1-1:2002, Basis of Structural Design

Pg. 1

Masonry properties
YTONG-M5 0.30

Wall thickness : 0.30 [m]

Specific weight : 8.00 [KN/m]

Weight per m

Longitudinal joint:

NO

: 2.40 [KN/m]

YTONG 30x25x60

Properties of Masonry Units (E6, 3.1)

Type of Masonry Units:

Aerated concrete EN 771-4

Category:

: I
:

Dimensions of Masonry Units

:600 x300 x250 [mm]

Group

Compressive strength

: 2.50 [N/mm]

Coefficient delta = 1.15

Normalized Compressive Strength

: fb= 2.88 [N/mm]

fb=

Properties of Mortar (EC6, 3.2)

Mortar type:
Compressive Strength fk:

1.15x

2.50=

2.88[N/mm]

General purpose-M5

General purpose mortar

5.00 [N/mm]

Characteristic Masonry Strength

(EC6, 3.6)

Compressive Strength fk [N/mm](EC6, 3.6.1)

= 1.64 [N/mm]

Shear Strength fvko [N/mm](EC6, 3.6.2)

fvko = 0.15 [N/mm]

Modulus of Elasticity E [GPa](EC6, 3.7.2)

= 1.64 [GPa=KN/mm]

Shear Modulus G=40%E

= 0.65 [GPa=KN/mm]

(K=0.55 )

Pg. 2

Building Elements
Floor

Build.El

Element materials

Dimensions[m]

Gr. floor

W1

YTONG-M5 0.30

6.00x 3.00x0.30

2.00,10.00,

0.00

Gr. floor

W2

YTONG-M5 0.30

10.00x 3.00x0.30

12.00,10.00,

0.00

Gr. floor

W3

YTONG-M5 0.30

6.00x 3.00x0.30

12.00, 4.00,

0.00

Gr. floor

W4

YTONG-M5 0.30

10.00x 3.00x0.30

2.00, 4.00,

0.00

Gr. floor

W5

YTONG-M5 0.30

6.00x 3.00x0.30

7.00,10.00,

0.00

1st floor

W6

YTONG-M5 0.30

6.00x 3.00x0.30

2.00,10.00,

0.00

1st floor

W7

YTONG-M5 0.30

10.00x 3.00x0.30

12.00,10.00,

0.00

1st floor

W8

YTONG-M5 0.30

6.00x 3.00x0.30

12.00, 4.00,

0.00

1st floor

W9

YTONG-M5 0.30

10.00x 3.00x0.30

2.00, 4.00,

0.00

1st floor

W10

YTONG-M5 0.30

6.00x 3.00x0.30

7.00,10.00,

0.00

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Design firm ..........

Pos. (x[m],y[m],a)

Pg. 3
18/06/2012 11:34:43 AM

Slab Elements
Floor

Slab thick.
[cm]

Loads [KN/m]

Area

Ly/Lx

Type

Load Factor

Surrounding Elements

self w

finish

live

[m]

kx

ky

Gr. floor

P1

17

4.25

0.80

2.00

30.00

1.20

0.84

0.16

W2B-W1-W4A-W5

Gr. floor

P2

17

4.25

0.80

2.00

30.00

1.20

0.84

0.16

W5-W4B-W3-W2A

1st floor

P1

17

4.25

0.70

1.17

30.00

1.20

0.84

0.16

W7B-W6-W9A-W10

1st floor

P2

17

4.25

0.70

1.17

30.00

1.20

0.84

0.16

W10-W9B-W8-W7A

FEDRA RUNET
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Design firm ..........

Pg. 4
18/06/2012 11:34:43 AM

Slab design
Structural design of slabs (EC2 6.1, 9.3.1).
Slabs with side ratio from 0.5 to 2, are computed as carrying load in both directions.
The slab design is based on Marcus method, which assumes unit strips in x and y
directions with equal center deflections. The loads are distributed in x and y
direction with coefficients kx and ky. Each direction is solved separately,
considering equivalent slab spans. If the load in one direction is <10% of the
plate load, the plate is considered as carrying load in one direction only.
Reduction of span moments due to torsional resistance is not taken into account.
The support conditions and the continuity are taken into account with special
coefficients, obtained from the solution of continuous beams with equivalent spans.
These coefficients are taken for the most unfavourable load combination in each case.
The minimum or maximum support moments are obtained using the moment coefficients
of equivalent beam, with the most unfavourable or favourable placement of the live loads
on the unit plate strip. The maximum span moments are obtained, from the smallest
in absolute value support moments and maximum loading on the span.
The support moments are reduced by 20% with moment redistribution (EC2 5.5).
The loads transferred on the supporting beams and masonry are obtained by loading
with live loads the plates on both sides of the supporting beam or masonry wall.
If the slab carries load on one direction only, on the side beams which are
not taking any load, a minimum load from the plate equal to qL/4 is considered.
The solution method results in the most unfavourable forces and moments for the evaluation
of the slab reinforcements and the loads carried on the beams or masonry walls.
Strength computation and reinforcement for ultimate limit state (EC2 6.1)
In addition to the reinforcing steel computations, checks are performed for
slab slenderness (EC2 7.4.2), and minimum required reinforcement (EC2 9.3.1).
The check of deflections is covered by the check of slab slenderness(EC2 7.4.2).
The minimum coverage for slab reinforcement is considered 20mm>15mm (EC2 4.4.1).
Gr. floor

Ly/Lx= 1.20, C16/20-S400, h=

Slab:P1

17 cm

Loads: dead g= 5.05 kN/m, live q= 2.00 kN/m

Direction x-x

Lx= 5.00m, gx= 0.84x 5.05= 4.23, qx= 0.84x 2.00= 1.68kN/m
Minimum support moment minMsdst=-0.80x(0.125x1.35x 4.23+0.125x1.50x 1.68)x 5.00=-20.58kNm/m
Maximum support moment maxMsdst=-0.80x(0.125x1.35x 4.23+0.063x1.50x 1.68)x 5.00=-17.45kNm/m
From maxMsdst, for 1.35x4.23+1.50x1.68, the maximum span moment and reactions are obtained.
Maximum span moment Msds=17.73kNm/m (V=8.23x5.00/2-17.45/5.00=17.09, M=0.5x17.09/8.23=17.73)
Loads on beams, dead gA= 8.46 kN/m, gB=12.69 kN/m
Loads on beams, live gA= 3.78 kN/m, gB= 4.62 kN/m
reinf. support : Msd=-20.58kNm/m, d= 150mm, x/d=0.14, ec/es=3.1/20.0, As= 4.17cm/m
reinf. span
: Msd= 17.73kNm/m, d= 150mm, x/d=0.12, ec/es=2.7/20.0, As= 3.57cm/m
Direction y-y

Ly= 6.00m, gy= 0.16x 5.05= 0.82, qy= 0.16x 2.00= 0.32kN/m

Support moment MsdsupA=MsdsupB=0 [kNm/m]

Span Moment Msds=(1.35x 0.82+1.50x 0.32)x 6.00/8= 7.14 kNm/m
Loads on beams or walls, dead gA=gB= 0.82x 6.00/2=
2.46 kN/m
Loads on beams or walls, live qA=qB= 0.32x 6.00/2=
0.96 kN/m
reinf. span
: Msd= 7.14kNm/m, d= 140mm, x/d=0.07, ec/es=1.5/20.0, As=

1.51cm/m

Slenderness L/d= 5.00/0.150= 33>26 **Increase of Thickness***

Span reinforcement x-x:

8/14 (3.57cm/m), y-y :

Support reinforcement:Right:
Gr. floor

Slab:P2

8/25(2.00cm/m) (lower layer x-x)

8/11(4.55)
Ly/Lx= 1.20, C16/20-S400, h=

17 cm

Loads: dead g= 5.05 kN/m, live q= 2.00 kN/m

Direction x-x

Lx= 5.00m, gx= 0.84x 5.05= 4.23, qx= 0.84x 2.00= 1.68kN/m
Minimum support moment minMsdst=-0.80x(0.125x1.35x 4.23+0.125x1.50x 1.68)x 5.00=-20.58kNm/m
Maximum support moment maxMsdst=-0.80x(0.125x1.35x 4.23+0.063x1.50x 1.68)x 5.00=-17.45kNm/m
From maxMsdst, for 1.35x4.23+1.50x1.68, the maximum span moment and reactions are obtained.
Maximum span moment Msds=17.73kNm/m (V=8.23x5.00/2-17.45/5.00=17.09, M=0.5x17.09/8.23=17.73)
Loads on beams, dead gA=12.69 kN/m, gB= 8.46 kN/m
Loads on beams, live gA= 4.62 kN/m, gB= 3.78 kN/m
reinf. support : Msd=-20.58kNm/m, d= 150mm, x/d=0.14, ec/es=3.1/20.0, As= 4.17cm/m
reinf. span
: Msd= 17.73kNm/m, d= 150mm, x/d=0.12, ec/es=2.7/20.0, As= 3.57cm/m
Pg. 5

Slab design
Direction y-y

Ly= 6.00m, gy= 0.16x 5.05= 0.82, qy= 0.16x 2.00= 0.32kN/m

Support moment MsdsupA=MsdsupB=0 [kNm/m]

Span Moment Msds=(1.35x 0.82+1.50x 0.32)x 6.00/8= 7.14 kNm/m
Loads on beams or walls, dead gA=gB= 0.82x 6.00/2=
2.46 kN/m
Loads on beams or walls, live qA=qB= 0.32x 6.00/2=
0.96 kN/m
reinf. span
: Msd= 7.14kNm/m, d= 140mm, x/d=0.07, ec/es=1.5/20.0, As=

1.51cm/m

Slenderness L/d= 5.00/0.150= 33>26 **Increase of Thickness***

Span reinforcement x-x:

8/14 (3.57cm/m), y-y :

Support reinforcement:Left:
1st floor

8/25(2.00cm/m) (lower layer x-x)

8/11(4.55)
Ly/Lx= 1.20, C16/20-S400, h=

Slab:P1

17 cm

Loads: dead g= 4.95 kN/m, live q= 1.17 kN/m

Direction x-x

Lx= 5.00m, gx= 0.84x 4.95= 4.15, qx= 0.84x 1.17= 0.98kN/m
Minimum support moment minMsdst=-0.80x(0.125x1.35x 4.15+0.125x1.50x 0.98)x 5.00=-17.68kNm/m
Maximum support moment maxMsdst=-0.80x(0.125x1.35x 4.15+0.063x1.50x 0.98)x 5.00=-15.86kNm/m
From maxMsdst, for 1.35x4.15+1.50x0.98, the maximum span moment and reactions are obtained.
Maximum span moment Msds=14.88kNm/m (V=7.07x5.00/2-15.86/5.00=14.51, M=0.5x14.51/7.07=14.88)
Loads on beams, dead gA= 8.30 kN/m, gB=12.45 kN/m
Loads on beams, live gA= 2.20 kN/m, gB= 2.70 kN/m
reinf. support : Msd=-17.68kNm/m, d= 150mm, x/d=0.12, ec/es=2.7/20.0, As= 3.56cm/m
reinf. span
: Msd= 14.88kNm/m, d= 150mm, x/d=0.11, ec/es=2.4/20.0, As= 2.97cm/m
Direction y-y

Ly= 6.00m, gy= 0.16x 4.95= 0.80, qy= 0.16x 1.17= 0.19kN/m

Support moment MsdsupA=MsdsupB=0 [kNm/m]

Span Moment Msds=(1.35x 0.80+1.50x 0.19)x 6.00/8= 6.18 kNm/m
Loads on beams or walls, dead gA=gB= 0.80x 6.00/2=
2.40 kN/m
Loads on beams or walls, live qA=qB= 0.19x 6.00/2=
0.58 kN/m
reinf. span
: Msd= 6.18kNm/m, d= 140mm, x/d=0.07, ec/es=1.4/20.0, As=

1.30cm/m

Slenderness L/d= 5.00/0.150= 33>26 **Increase of Thickness***

Span reinforcement x-x:

8/16 (3.13cm/m), y-y :

Support reinforcement:Right:
1st floor

8/25(2.00cm/m) (lower layer x-x)

8/14(3.57)
Ly/Lx= 1.20, C16/20-S400, h=

Slab:P2

17 cm

Loads: dead g= 4.95 kN/m, live q= 1.17 kN/m

Direction x-x

Lx= 5.00m, gx= 0.84x 4.95= 4.15, qx= 0.84x 1.17= 0.98kN/m
Minimum support moment minMsdst=-0.80x(0.125x1.35x 4.15+0.125x1.50x 0.98)x 5.00=-17.68kNm/m
Maximum support moment maxMsdst=-0.80x(0.125x1.35x 4.15+0.063x1.50x 0.98)x 5.00=-15.86kNm/m
From maxMsdst, for 1.35x4.15+1.50x0.98, the maximum span moment and reactions are obtained.
Maximum span moment Msds=14.88kNm/m (V=7.07x5.00/2-15.86/5.00=14.51, M=0.5x14.51/7.07=14.88)
Loads on beams, dead gA=12.45 kN/m, gB= 8.30 kN/m
Loads on beams, live gA= 2.70 kN/m, gB= 2.20 kN/m
reinf. support : Msd=-17.68kNm/m, d= 150mm, x/d=0.12, ec/es=2.7/20.0, As= 3.56cm/m
reinf. span
: Msd= 14.88kNm/m, d= 150mm, x/d=0.11, ec/es=2.4/20.0, As= 2.97cm/m
Direction y-y

Ly= 6.00m, gy= 0.16x 4.95= 0.80, qy= 0.16x 1.17= 0.19kN/m

Support moment MsdsupA=MsdsupB=0 [kNm/m]

Span Moment Msds=(1.35x 0.80+1.50x 0.19)x 6.00/8= 6.18 kNm/m
Loads on beams or walls, dead gA=gB= 0.80x 6.00/2=
2.40 kN/m
Loads on beams or walls, live qA=qB= 0.19x 6.00/2=
0.58 kN/m
reinf. span
: Msd= 6.18kNm/m, d= 140mm, x/d=0.07, ec/es=1.4/20.0, As=

1.30cm/m

Slenderness L/d= 5.00/0.150= 33>26 **Increase of Thickness***

Span reinforcement x-x:

8/16 (3.13cm/m), y-y :

Support reinforcement:Left:

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8/25(2.00cm/m) (lower layer x-x)

8/14(3.57)

Design firm ..........

Pg. 6
18/06/2012 11:34:43 AM

Slab Reinforcement
Floor

Slab thick.

Lx

Ly

Span Reinforcement

[cm]

[m]

[m]

x-x

Gr. floor

P1

17

5.00

6.00

*8/14b*

*8/25*

Gr. floor

P2

17

5.00

6.00

*8/14b*

*8/25*

1st floor

P1

17

5.00

6.00

*8/16b*

*8/25*

1st floor

P2

17

5.00

6.00

*8/16b*

*8/25*

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Support Reinforcement

y-y
*8/11*
*8/11*
*8/14*
*8/14*

Pg. 7
18/06/2012 11:34:43 AM

Masonry Loads
Masonry loads
In each floor the distributed loads on the slabs and roofs, and the
concentrated loads at beam supports, are transferred to the masonry walls.
1st floor

Dimensions: length= 6.00m, height= 3.00m, thickness= 0.30m

W6

Position x=2.00m, y=10.00m,

=270.00, wall area=16.56m

YTONG-M5 0.30
Self weight of wall Gw= 16.56x

2.4=

39.7 kN

Line load on the wall, dead=0.0kN/m live=0.0kN/m

Load from slab

P1, dead g=

8.3kN/m, live q=

2.2kN/m, ( 0.00m- 6.00m)

Total load on wall from floor,

dead Gf=

49.8 kN, live Qf=

Load from wall above

dead Ga=

0.0 kN, live Qa=

0.0 kN

89.5 kN, live Qb=

13.2 kN

Load to wall below

1st floor

W1 dead

Gb=

13.2 kN

Dimensions: length= 10.00m, height= 3.00m, thickness= 0.30m

W7

Position x=12.00m, y=10.00m,

=180.00, wall area=27.12m

YTONG-M5 0.30
Self weight of wall Gw= 27.12x

2.4=

65.1 kN

Line load on the wall, dead=0.0kN/m live=0.0kN/m

Load from slab
Load from slab

P2, dead g=
P1, dead g=

2.4kN/m, live q=
2.4kN/m, live q=

0.6kN/m, ( 0.00m- 5.00m)

0.6kN/m, ( 5.00m-10.00m)

Total load on wall from floor,

dead Gf=

24.0 kN, live Qf=

5.8 kN

Load from wall above

dead Ga=

0.0 kN, live Qa=

0.0 kN

89.1 kN, live Qb=

5.8 kN

Load to wall below

1st floor

W2 dead

Gb=

Dimensions: length= 6.00m, height= 3.00m, thickness= 0.30m

W8

Position x=12.00m, y=4.00m,

=90.00, wall area=16.56m

YTONG-M5 0.30
Self weight of wall Gw= 16.56x

2.4=

39.7 kN

Line load on the wall, dead=0.0kN/m live=0.0kN/m

Load from slab

P2, dead g=

8.3kN/m, live q=

Total load on wall from floor,

dead Gf=

Load from wall above

dead Ga=

Load to wall below

1st floor

W3 dead

Gb=

2.2kN/m, ( 0.00m- 6.00m)

49.8 kN, live Qf=

13.2 kN

0.0 kN, live Qa=

0.0 kN

89.5 kN, live Qb=

13.2 kN

Dimensions: length= 10.00m, height= 3.00m, thickness= 0.30m

W9

Position x=2.00m, y=4.00m,

=0.00, wall area=28.02m

YTONG-M5 0.30
Self weight of wall Gw= 28.02x

2.4=

67.2 kN

Line load on the wall, dead=0.0kN/m live=0.0kN/m

Load from slab
Load from slab

P1, dead g=
P2, dead g=

2.4kN/m, live q=
2.4kN/m, live q=

0.6kN/m, ( 0.00m- 5.00m)

0.6kN/m, ( 5.00m-10.00m)

Total load on wall from floor,

dead Gf=

24.0 kN, live Qf=

5.8 kN

Load from wall above

dead Ga=

0.0 kN, live Qa=

0.0 kN

91.2 kN, live Qb=

5.8 kN

Load to wall below

1st floor

W10

W4 dead

Gb=

Dimensions: length= 6.00m, height= 3.00m, thickness= 0.30m

Position x=7.00m, y=10.00m,

=270.00, wall area=14.70m

YTONG-M5 0.30
Self weight of wall Gw= 14.70x

2.4=

35.3 kN

Line load on the wall, dead=0.0kN/m live=0.0kN/m

Load from slab

P1P2, dead g= 24.9kN/m, live q=

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5.4kN/m, ( 0.00m- 6.00m)

Pg. 8
18/06/2012 11:34:43 AM

Masonry Loads
Total load on wall from floor,

dead Gf=

149.4 kN, live Qf=

Load from wall above

dead Ga=

0.0 kN, live Qa=

0.0 kN

184.7 kN, live Qb=

32.4 kN

Load to wall below

1st floor

W5 dead

Gb=

32.4 kN

Total floor loads

Total vertical floor loads from walls,

permanent G1=
420 kN,
live Q1=
Total vertical floor loads from columns,
permanent G2=
0 kN,
live Q2=
Total vertical floor loads (floors+walls) permanent Go=
420 kN,
live Qo=
Action combination for vertical loads, total floor loads (1.35xGo+1.50xQo) =
Action combination for seismic load,
total floor loads (1.00xGo+0.30xQo) =
Total floor mass Mo=(1.00xGo+0.30xQo)/9.81=441/9.81= 45 kNsec/m
1st floor
elements
W6
W7
W8
W9
W10

70
0
70
672
441

kN
kN
kN
kN
kN

Floor Mass Center

Mass kNsec/m
9.5
9.3
9.5
9.5
19.8

Sum

xm
2.00
7.00
12.00
7.00
7.00

ym
7.00
10.00
7.00
4.00
7.00

57.6

Floor mass center

x.M
19.05
64.82
114.32
66.32
138.73

y.M
66.69
92.60
66.69
37.90
138.73

403.25

402.60

xm=403.25/57.61=7.00m, ym=402.60/57.61=6.99m

For the computation of the floor mass center, we consider masses equivalent
to the loads applied at the center of the walls or the columns.
Gr. floor

Dimensions: length= 6.00m, height= 3.00m, thickness= 0.30m

W1

Position x=2.00m, y=10.00m,

=270.00, wall area=16.56m

YTONG-M5 0.30
Self weight of wall Gw= 16.56x

2.4=

39.7 kN

Line load on the wall, dead=0.0kN/m live=0.0kN/m

Load from slab

P1, dead g=

8.5kN/m, live q=

Total load on wall from floor,

Load from wall above

dead Gf=

50.8 kN, live Qf=

22.7 kN

W6 dead Ga=

89.5 kN, live Qa=

13.2 kN

180.0 kN, live Qb=

35.9 kN

Load to wall below

Gr. floor

3.8kN/m, ( 0.00m- 6.00m)

dead

Gb=

Dimensions: length= 10.00m, height= 3.00m, thickness= 0.30m

W2

Position x=12.00m, y=10.00m,

=180.00, wall area=27.12m

YTONG-M5 0.30
Self weight of wall Gw= 27.12x

2.4=

65.1 kN

Line load on the wall, dead=0.0kN/m live=0.0kN/m

Load from slab
Load from slab

P2, dead g=
P1, dead g=

2.5kN/m, live q=
2.5kN/m, live q=

Total load on wall from floor,

Load from wall above

W7 dead Ga=

Load to wall below

Gr. floor

dead Gf=
dead

Gb=

1.0kN/m, ( 0.00m- 5.00m)

1.0kN/m, ( 5.00m-10.00m)

24.6 kN, live Qf=

9.6 kN

89.1 kN, live Qa=

5.8 kN

178.8 kN, live Qb=

15.4 kN

Dimensions: length= 6.00m, height= 3.00m, thickness= 0.30m

W3

Position x=12.00m, y=4.00m,

=90.00, wall area=16.56m

YTONG-M5 0.30
Self weight of wall Gw= 16.56x

2.4=

39.7 kN

Line load on the wall, dead=0.0kN/m live=0.0kN/m

Load from slab

P2, dead g=

8.5kN/m, live q=

Total load on wall from floor,

Load from wall above
Load to wall below

FEDRA RUNET
software by RUNET (c)

3.8kN/m, ( 0.00m- 6.00m)

dead Gf=

50.8 kN, live Qf=

W8 dead Ga=

89.5 kN, live Qa=

13.2 kN

180.0 kN, live Qb=

35.9 kN

dead

Gb=

Design firm ..........

22.7 kN

Pg. 9
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Masonry Loads
Gr. floor

Dimensions: length= 10.00m, height= 3.00m, thickness= 0.30m

W4

Position x=2.00m, y=4.00m,

=0.00, wall area=28.02m

YTONG-M5 0.30
Self weight of wall Gw= 28.02x

2.4=

67.2 kN

Line load on the wall, dead=0.0kN/m live=0.0kN/m

Load from slab
Load from slab

P1, dead g=
P2, dead g=

Total load on wall from floor,

Load from wall above

1.0kN/m, ( 0.00m- 5.00m)

1.0kN/m, ( 5.00m-10.00m)

dead Gf=

24.6 kN, live Qf=

W9 dead Ga=

91.2 kN, live Qa=

5.8 kN

183.0 kN, live Qb=

15.4 kN

Load to wall below

Gr. floor

2.5kN/m, live q=
2.5kN/m, live q=

dead

Gb=

9.6 kN

Dimensions: length= 6.00m, height= 3.00m, thickness= 0.30m

W5

Position x=7.00m, y=10.00m,

=270.00, wall area=14.70m

YTONG-M5 0.30
Self weight of wall Gw= 14.70x

2.4=

35.3 kN

Line load on the wall, dead=0.0kN/m live=0.0kN/m

Load from slab

P1P2, dead g= 25.4kN/m, live q=

Total load on wall from floor,

Load from wall above

W10 dead Ga=

Load to wall below

Gr. floor

dead Gf=
dead

Gb=

9.2kN/m, ( 0.00m- 6.00m)

152.3 kN, live Qf=

55.5 kN

184.7 kN, live Qa=

32.4 kN

372.3 kN, live Qb=

87.9 kN

Total floor loads

Total vertical floor loads from walls,

permanent G1=
550 kN,
live Q1=
Total vertical floor loads from columns,
permanent G2=
0 kN,
live Q2=
Total vertical floor loads (floors+walls) permanent Go=
550 kN,
live Qo=
Action combination for vertical loads, total floor loads (1.35xGo+1.50xQo) =
Action combination for seismic load,
total floor loads (1.00xGo+0.30xQo) =
Total floor mass Mo=(1.00xGo+0.30xQo)/9.81=586/9.81= 60 kNsec/m
Gr. floor
elements
W1
W2
W3
W4
W5
Sum

120
0
120
923
586

kN
kN
kN
kN
kN

Floor Mass Center

Mass kNsec/m
9.9
9.4
9.9
9.7
20.8

xm
2.00
7.00
12.00
7.00
7.00

59.7

Floor mass center

ym
7.00
10.00
7.00
4.00
7.00

x.M
19.84
66.06
119.03
67.56
145.74

y.M
69.44
94.37
69.44
38.61
145.74

418.24

417.60

xm=418.24/59.75=7.00m, ym=417.60/59.75=6.99m

For the computation of the floor mass center, we consider masses equivalent
to the loads applied at the center of the walls or the columns.

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Design firm ..........

Pg. 10
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Masonry design
Design strength of masonry (Eurocode 6, EN1996-1-1:2002, EC6)
The design of masonry walls is done in the ultimate limit state. (EC6 6)
The load combinations which are used are :
a) Verification of strength in compression, load 1.35xg+1.50xq, Nsd<=Nrd (EC6 6.1.2).
b) Verification of strength in compression, load 1.00xg+0.30xq++Seism, Nsd<=Nrd.
c) Verification of shear strength, load 1.00xg+0.30xq++Earthquake, Vsd<=Vrd (EC6 6.2).
Check of slenderness ratio for masonry walls hef/tef<27 (EC6 5.5.1.4).
Verification of strength in regions of concentrated loads (EC6 6.1.3).
The design loads Nsd, Vsd are computed as load per unit length of wall, from
the stresses obtained from the finite element analysis of the masonry wall.
The eccentricities for reduction factors

and

are

computed (EC6 6.1.2.2)

from the structural loads. The moments Mid at the top of each masonry wall
are computed from the slab loads (EC6 Annex. C). The eccentricities eh are computed
from the maximum computed horizontal wall relative movement due to earthquake loading.
The effective wall height is computed taking into account the wall restrained
conditions at the top and bottom of the masonry wall (EC6, 5.5.1.2).
The coefficients

, and

are taken to be

=1 as most unfavorable.

The eccentricity due to imperfections is taken as es=hef/450 (EC6, 5.5.1.1)

1st floor

Dimensions: length= 6.00m, height= 3.00m, thickness= 0.30m

W6

YTONG-M5 0.30
Building system

: Confined masonry (EC8, 9.3,T.9.1)

Category of execution :1 (EC6, 2.4.3, Annex A)

Category of masonry units :I (EC6 3.1.1)
Compressive strength of masonry: fk=1.64 N/mm (EC6 3.6.1.2)
Shear strength of masonry: fvko= 0.15 N/mm (EC6 3.6.2)
Partial safety factors for material properties:
Partial safety factors for material (+Earthquake):
Effective wall height hef=
Slenderness ratio

=1.50 (EC6, 2.4.3)

=(2/3)x1.50(>=1.50)=1.50 (EC8, 9.6.(3))

xh= 0.75x3.00= 2.25 m (EC6, 5.5.1.2)

=hef/tef=2.25/0.30= 7.50<=27 OK (EC6, 5.5.1.4)

Strength verification in axial compression, load 1.35xg+1.50xq (EC6, 6.1)

Masonry strength verification at the top of the masonry
Vertical design load at the top Nid=(1.35x49.8+1.50x13.2)/6.00=14.51kN/m
Average compression design stress at the top fsdo=0.001x14.51/0.30=0.048N/mm
The eccentricity is reduced by (1-k/4)=0.66 (EC6, Annex C(3))
Design bending moment at the top Mid= 4.07 kNm/m (EC6, Annex C.1)
Eccentricity Mid/Nid= 4.07/14.51= 0.28061 m = 0.94x(wall thickness) (EC6 Annex C.1)
Eccentricity is >45% of the wall thickness. It is computed as in EC6 Annex C.(5)
Bearing depth =0.20x0.30=0.06m. Eccentricity of load at the top Mid/Nid=0.12000m
Eccentricity at the top due to horizontal loads ehe= 0.00000m
Accidental (initial) eccentricity ei=hef/450=2.25/450= 0.00500m (EC6, 5.5.1.1)
Eccentricity at the top ee=Mid/Nid+ehe+ei=0.12000+0.00000+0.00500= 0.12500m (EC6 eq.6.5)
Minimum eccentricity min ee=0.05t=0.05x0.30= 0.01500m (EC6 6.1.2.2, Eq.6.5)
Reduction factor at the top
=1-2ee/t=1-2x0.12500/0.30= 0.17 (EC6 6.1.2.2, eq.6.4)
Vertical load resistance Nrd=
.t.fk/
=1000x0.17x0.30x 1.64/1.50=55.6kN/m (EC6 Eq.6.2)
Nsd= 14.5 <= 55.6=Nrd Ultimate limit state for vertical loading is verified (EC6 eq.6.1)

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Pg. 11
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Masonry design
Masonry strength verification at the middle fifth of the height
Vertical design load in the middle (1/5)height Nmd=(1.35x65.7+1.50x13.2)/4.80=22.60kN/m
Average compressive design stress in the middle (1/5)height fsdo=0.001x22.60/0.30=0.075N/mm
Eccentricity of load in the middle (1/5)height Mmd/Nmd=0.20x0.12000x14.5/22.6=0.01541 m
Eccentricity in the middle (1/5)height due to horizontal forces ehm= 0.00000m
Accidental (initial) eccentricity ea=hef/450=2.25/450= 0.00500m (EC6, 5.5.1.1)
Eccentricity due to loads em=Mmd/Nmd+ehm+ea=0.01541+0.00000+0.00500= 0.02041m (EC6 eq.6.7)
The slenderness ratio is 7.50<=15, eccentricity due to creep ek=0 (EC6 6.1.2.2(2))
Eccentricity in the middle (1/5)height em=em+ek=0.02041+0.00000= 0.02041 m (EC6, Eq.6.7)
Minimum eccentricity min em=0.05t=0.05x0.30= 0.01500m (EC6, 6.1.2.2, eq.6.6)
Reduction factor in the middle (1/5)height
=(1-2em/t)Exp(-u/2)= 0.83 (EC6 Annex G)
Vertical load resistance Nrd=

.t.fk/

=1000x0.83x0.30x 1.64/1.50=271.4kN/m (EC6 Eq.6.2)

Nsd= 22.6 <= 271.4=Nrd Ultimate limit state for vertical loading is verified (EC6 eq.6.1)
Masonry strength verification at the bottom of the masonry
Vertical design load at wall base Nid=(1.35x89.5+1.50x13.2)/6.00=23.44kN/m
Average compressive design stress at wall base fsdo=0.001x23.44/0.30=0.078N/mm
Eccentricity of load at wall base Mid/Nid=0.12000x14.5/23.4= 0.07427 m
Eccentricity at wall base due to horizontal loads ehe= 0.00000m
Accidental (initial) eccentricity ei=hef/450=2.25/450= 0.00500m (EC6, 5.5.1.1)
Eccentricity at wall base ee=Mid/Nid+ehe+ei=0.07427+0.00000+0.00500= 0.07927m (EC6 eq.6.5)
Minimum eccentricity min ee=0.05t=0.05x0.30= 0.01500m (EC6 6.1.2.2, Eq.6.5)
Reduction factor at wall base
=1-2ee/t=1-2x0.07927/0.30= 0.47 (EC6 6.1.2.2, eq.6.4)
Vertical load resistance Nrd=
.t.fk/
=1000x0.47x0.30x 1.64/1.50=153.8kN/m (EC6 Eq.6.2)
Compressive stress from finite element analysis maxfn= -0.123 N/mm
Maximum design vertical load per unit length Nsd=1000x0.30x0.123= 36.9 kN/m
Nsd= 36.9 <= 153.8=Nrd Ultimate limit state for vertical loading is verified (EC6 eq.6.1)
Strength verification in axial compression, load 1.00xg+0.30xq+Earthquake (EC6, 6.1)
Masonry strength verification at the top of the masonry
Vertical design load at the top Nid=(1.00x49.8+0.30x13.2)/6.00=8.96kN/m
Average compression design stress at the top fsdo=0.001x8.96/0.30=0.030N/mm
The eccentricity is reduced by (1-k/4)=0.66 (EC6, Annex C(3))
Design bending moment at the top Mid= 2.56 kNm/m (EC6, Annex C.1)
Eccentricity Mid/Nid= 2.56/8.96= 0.28543 m = 0.95x(wall thickness) (EC6 Annex C.1)
Eccentricity is >45% of the wall thickness. It is computed as in EC6 Annex C.(5)
Bearing depth =0.20x0.30=0.06m. Eccentricity of load at the top Mid/Nid=0.12000m
Eccentricity at the top due to horizontal loads ehe= 0.00021m
Accidental (initial) eccentricity ei=hef/450=2.25/450= 0.00500m (EC6, 5.5.1.1)
Eccentricity at the top ee=Mid/Nid+ehe+ei=0.12000+0.00021+0.00500= 0.12521m (EC6 eq.6.5)
Minimum eccentricity min ee=0.05t=0.05x0.30= 0.01500m (EC6 6.1.2.2, Eq.6.5)
Reduction factor at the top
=1-2ee/t=1-2x0.12521/0.30= 0.17 (EC6 6.1.2.2, eq.6.4)
Vertical load resistance Nrd=
.t.fk/
=1000x0.17x0.30x 1.64/1.50=55.6kN/m (EC6 Eq.6.2)
Nsd= 9.0 <= 55.6=Nrd Ultimate limit state for vertical loading is verified (EC6 eq.6.1)
Masonry strength verification at the middle fifth of the height
Vertical design load in the middle (1/5)height Nmd=(1.00x65.7+0.30x13.2)/4.80=14.51kN/m
Average compressive design stress in the middle (1/5)height fsdo=0.001x14.51/0.30=0.048N/mm
Eccentricity of load in the middle (1/5)height Mmd/Nmd=0.20x0.12000x9.0/14.5=0.01482 m
Eccentricity in the middle (1/5)height due to horizontal forces ehm= 0.00010m
Accidental (initial) eccentricity ea=hef/450=2.25/450= 0.00500m (EC6, 5.5.1.1)
Eccentricity due to loads em=Mmd/Nmd+ehm+ea=0.01482+0.00010+0.00500= 0.01992m (EC6 eq.6.7)
The slenderness ratio is 7.50<=15, eccentricity due to creep ek=0 (EC6 6.1.2.2(2))
Eccentricity in the middle (1/5)height em=em+ek=0.01992+0.00000= 0.01992 m (EC6, Eq.6.7)
Minimum eccentricity min em=0.05t=0.05x0.30= 0.01500m (EC6, 6.1.2.2, eq.6.6)
Reduction factor in the middle (1/5)height
=(1-2em/t)Exp(-u/2)= 0.84 (EC6 Annex G)
Vertical load resistance Nrd=

.t.fk/

=1000x0.84x0.30x 1.64/1.50=274.6kN/m (EC6 Eq.6.2)

Nsd= 14.5 <= 274.6=Nrd Ultimate limit state for vertical loading is verified (EC6 eq.6.1)

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Pg. 12
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Masonry design
Masonry strength verification at the bottom of the masonry
Vertical design load at wall base Nid=(1.00x89.5+0.30x13.2)/6.00=15.58kN/m
Average compressive design stress at wall base fsdo=0.001x15.58/0.30=0.052N/mm
Eccentricity of load at wall base Mid/Nid=0.12000x9.0/15.6= 0.06903 m
Eccentricity at wall base due to horizontal loads ehe= 0.00021m
Accidental (initial) eccentricity ei=hef/450=2.25/450= 0.00500m (EC6, 5.5.1.1)
Eccentricity at wall base ee=Mid/Nid+ehe+ei=0.06903+0.00021+0.00500= 0.07423m (EC6 eq.6.5)
Minimum eccentricity min ee=0.05t=0.05x0.30= 0.01500m (EC6 6.1.2.2, Eq.6.5)
Reduction factor at wall base
=1-2ee/t=1-2x0.07423/0.30= 0.51 (EC6 6.1.2.2, eq.6.4)
Vertical load resistance Nrd=
.t.fk/
=1000x0.51x0.30x 1.64/1.50=166.9kN/m (EC6 Eq.6.2)
Compressive stress from finite element analysis maxfn= -0.142 N/mm
Maximum design vertical load per unit length Nsd=1000x0.30x0.142= 42.7 kN/m
Nsd= 42.7 <= 166.9=Nrd Ultimate limit state for vertical loading is verified (EC6 eq.6.1)
Strength verification in shear, load 1.00xg+0.30xq+Earthquake (EC6, 6.2)
Vsd= 59.8 kN,

=0.066 N/mm,

=0.055 N/mm, Lc= 4.80 m

Characteristic shear strength fvk=fvko+0.4xfd (EC6 3.6.2)

fvk=0.150+0.40x0.055= 0.172N/mm, maxfvk=

1.000N/mm, fvk= 0.172N/mm (EC6 Eq.3.5)

Design shear resistance of masonry Vrd=fvk.t.Lc/

(EC6 6.2, Eq.6.13)

Vrd=1000x0.172x0.30x4.80/1.50= 165.2 kN
Vsd= 59.8kN <= 165.2kN =Vrd.

(EC6 6.2)

The ultimate limit state for shear loading is verified)

Regions with concentrated loads (EC6, 6.1.3)
The maximum compressive stresses at the beam supports are obtained from the
finite element solution. Because at the wall top always exists a bond beam
from reinforced concrete, we check the stresses at a lower level.
Maximum compressive stress in stress concentration region fsdmax= 0.130N/mm
Maximum stress 0.130 N/mm is <= fk/
=1.636/1.5=1.091 N/mm
The strength requirements for concentrated loads are verified (EC6 6.1.3.eq.(6.9))
Top confining beam of reinforced concrete (EC6 6.1.3.(7), 8.2)
On the top of the wall and the top of the openings, small tensile stresses are taken
from reinforced concrete bond beams or lintels 30x20 (width x height in cm),
with minimum reinforcement 4

12 (stirrups

1st floor

Dimensions: length= 10.00m, height= 3.00m, thickness= 0.30m

W7

8/20).

YTONG-M5 0.30
Building system

: Confined masonry (EC8, 9.3,T.9.1)

Category of execution :1 (EC6, 2.4.3, Annex A)

Category of masonry units :I (EC6 3.1.1)
Compressive strength of masonry: fk=1.64 N/mm (EC6 3.6.1.2)
Shear strength of masonry: fvko= 0.15 N/mm (EC6 3.6.2)
Partial safety factors for material properties:
Partial safety factors for material (+Earthquake):
Effective wall height hef=
Slenderness ratio

=1.50 (EC6, 2.4.3)

=(2/3)x1.50(>=1.50)=1.50 (EC8, 9.6.(3))

xh= 0.75x3.00= 2.25 m (EC6, 5.5.1.2)

=hef/tef=2.25/0.30= 7.50<=27 OK (EC6, 5.5.1.4)

Strength verification in axial compression, load 1.35xg+1.50xq (EC6, 6.1)

Masonry strength verification at the top of the masonry
Vertical design load at the top Nid=(1.35x24.0+1.50x5.8)/10.00=4.11kN/m
Average compression design stress at the top fsdo=0.001x4.11/0.30=0.014N/mm
The eccentricity is reduced by (1-k/4)=0.71 (EC6, Annex C(3))
Design bending moment at the top Mid= 1.37 kNm/m (EC6, Annex C.1)
Eccentricity Mid/Nid= 1.37/4.11= 0.33305 m = 1.11x(wall thickness) (EC6 Annex C.1)
Eccentricity is >45% of the wall thickness. It is computed as in EC6 Annex C.(5)
Bearing depth =0.20x0.30=0.06m. Eccentricity of load at the top Mid/Nid=0.12000m

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Masonry design
Eccentricity at the top due to horizontal loads ehe= 0.00000m
Accidental (initial) eccentricity ei=hef/450=2.25/450= 0.00500m (EC6, 5.5.1.1)
Eccentricity at the top ee=Mid/Nid+ehe+ei=0.12000+0.00000+0.00500= 0.12500m (EC6 eq.6.5)
Minimum eccentricity min ee=0.05t=0.05x0.30= 0.01500m (EC6 6.1.2.2, Eq.6.5)
Reduction factor at the top
=1-2ee/t=1-2x0.12500/0.30= 0.17 (EC6 6.1.2.2, eq.6.4)
Vertical load resistance Nrd=
.t.fk/
=1000x0.17x0.30x 1.64/1.50=55.6kN/m (EC6 Eq.6.2)
Nsd= 4.1 <= 55.6=Nrd Ultimate limit state for vertical loading is verified (EC6 eq.6.1)
Masonry strength verification at the middle fifth of the height
Vertical design load in the middle (1/5)height Nmd=(1.35x50.0+1.50x5.8)/7.60=10.03kN/m
Average compressive design stress in the middle (1/5)height fsdo=0.001x10.03/0.30=0.033N/mm
Eccentricity of load in the middle (1/5)height Mmd/Nmd=0.20x0.12000x4.1/10.0=0.00983 m
Eccentricity in the middle (1/5)height due to horizontal forces ehm= 0.00000m
Accidental (initial) eccentricity ea=hef/450=2.25/450= 0.00500m (EC6, 5.5.1.1)
Eccentricity due to loads em=Mmd/Nmd+ehm+ea=0.00983+0.00000+0.00500= 0.01483m (EC6 eq.6.7)
The slenderness ratio is 7.50<=15, eccentricity due to creep ek=0 (EC6 6.1.2.2(2))
Eccentricity in the middle (1/5)height em=em+ek=0.01483+0.00000= 0.01483 m (EC6, Eq.6.7)
Minimum eccentricity min em=0.05t=0.05x0.30= 0.01500m (EC6, 6.1.2.2, eq.6.6)
Reduction factor in the middle (1/5)height
=(1-2em/t)Exp(-u/2)= 0.87 (EC6 Annex G)
Vertical load resistance Nrd=

.t.fk/

=1000x0.87x0.30x 1.64/1.50=284.7kN/m (EC6 Eq.6.2)

Nsd= 10.0 <= 284.7=Nrd Ultimate limit state for vertical loading is verified (EC6 eq.6.1)
Masonry strength verification at the bottom of the masonry
Vertical design load at wall base Nid=(1.35x89.1+1.50x5.8)/10.00=12.90kN/m
Average compressive design stress at wall base fsdo=0.001x12.90/0.30=0.043N/mm
Eccentricity of load at wall base Mid/Nid=0.12000x4.1/12.9= 0.03824 m
Eccentricity at wall base due to horizontal loads ehe= 0.00000m
Accidental (initial) eccentricity ei=hef/450=2.25/450= 0.00500m (EC6, 5.5.1.1)
Eccentricity at wall base ee=Mid/Nid+ehe+ei=0.03824+0.00000+0.00500= 0.04324m (EC6 eq.6.5)
Minimum eccentricity min ee=0.05t=0.05x0.30= 0.01500m (EC6 6.1.2.2, Eq.6.5)
Reduction factor at wall base
=1-2ee/t=1-2x0.04324/0.30= 0.71 (EC6 6.1.2.2, eq.6.4)
Vertical load resistance Nrd=
.t.fk/
=1000x0.71x0.30x 1.64/1.50=232.3kN/m (EC6 Eq.6.2)
Compressive stress from finite element analysis maxfn= -0.055 N/mm
Maximum design vertical load per unit length Nsd=1000x0.30x0.055= 16.4 kN/m
Nsd= 16.4 <= 232.3=Nrd Ultimate limit state for vertical loading is verified (EC6 eq.6.1)
Strength verification in axial compression, load 1.00xg+0.30xq+Earthquake (EC6, 6.1)
Masonry strength verification at the top of the masonry
Vertical design load at the top Nid=(1.00x24.0+0.30x5.8)/10.00=2.57kN/m
Average compression design stress at the top fsdo=0.001x2.57/0.30=0.009N/mm
The eccentricity is reduced by (1-k/4)=0.71 (EC6, Annex C(3))
Design bending moment at the top Mid= 0.86 kNm/m (EC6, Annex C.1)
Eccentricity Mid/Nid= 0.86/2.57= 0.33264 m = 1.11x(wall thickness) (EC6 Annex C.1)
Eccentricity is >45% of the wall thickness. It is computed as in EC6 Annex C.(5)
Bearing depth =0.20x0.30=0.06m. Eccentricity of load at the top Mid/Nid=0.12000m
Eccentricity at the top due to horizontal loads ehe= 0.00021m
Accidental (initial) eccentricity ei=hef/450=2.25/450= 0.00500m (EC6, 5.5.1.1)
Eccentricity at the top ee=Mid/Nid+ehe+ei=0.12000+0.00021+0.00500= 0.12521m (EC6 eq.6.5)
Minimum eccentricity min ee=0.05t=0.05x0.30= 0.01500m (EC6 6.1.2.2, Eq.6.5)
Reduction factor at the top
=1-2ee/t=1-2x0.12521/0.30= 0.17 (EC6 6.1.2.2, eq.6.4)
Vertical load resistance Nrd=
.t.fk/
=1000x0.17x0.30x 1.64/1.50=55.6kN/m (EC6 Eq.6.2)
Nsd= 2.6 <= 55.6=Nrd Ultimate limit state for vertical loading is verified (EC6 eq.6.1)

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Masonry design
Masonry strength verification at the middle fifth of the height
Vertical design load in the middle (1/5)height Nmd=(1.00x50.0+0.30x5.8)/7.60=6.81kN/m
Average compressive design stress in the middle (1/5)height fsdo=0.001x6.81/0.30=0.023N/mm
Eccentricity of load in the middle (1/5)height Mmd/Nmd=0.20x0.12000x2.6/6.8=0.00907 m
Eccentricity in the middle (1/5)height due to horizontal forces ehm= 0.00010m
Accidental (initial) eccentricity ea=hef/450=2.25/450= 0.00500m (EC6, 5.5.1.1)
Eccentricity due to loads em=Mmd/Nmd+ehm+ea=0.00907+0.00010+0.00500= 0.01417m (EC6 eq.6.7)
The slenderness ratio is 7.50<=15, eccentricity due to creep ek=0 (EC6 6.1.2.2(2))
Eccentricity in the middle (1/5)height em=em+ek=0.01417+0.00000= 0.01417 m (EC6, Eq.6.7)
Minimum eccentricity min em=0.05t=0.05x0.30= 0.01500m (EC6, 6.1.2.2, eq.6.6)
Reduction factor in the middle (1/5)height
=(1-2em/t)Exp(-u/2)= 0.87 (EC6 Annex G)
Vertical load resistance Nrd=

.t.fk/

=1000x0.87x0.30x 1.64/1.50=284.7kN/m (EC6 Eq.6.2)

Nsd= 6.8 <= 284.7=Nrd Ultimate limit state for vertical loading is verified (EC6 eq.6.1)
Masonry strength verification at the bottom of the masonry
Vertical design load at wall base Nid=(1.00x89.1+0.30x5.8)/10.00=9.08kN/m
Average compressive design stress at wall base fsdo=0.001x9.08/0.30=0.030N/mm
Eccentricity of load at wall base Mid/Nid=0.12000x2.6/9.1= 0.03400 m
Eccentricity at wall base due to horizontal loads ehe= 0.00021m
Accidental (initial) eccentricity ei=hef/450=2.25/450= 0.00500m (EC6, 5.5.1.1)
Eccentricity at wall base ee=Mid/Nid+ehe+ei=0.03400+0.00021+0.00500= 0.03921m (EC6 eq.6.5)
Minimum eccentricity min ee=0.05t=0.05x0.30= 0.01500m (EC6 6.1.2.2, Eq.6.5)
Reduction factor at wall base
=1-2ee/t=1-2x0.03921/0.30= 0.74 (EC6 6.1.2.2, eq.6.4)
Vertical load resistance Nrd=
.t.fk/
=1000x0.74x0.30x 1.64/1.50=242.1kN/m (EC6 Eq.6.2)
Compressive stress from finite element analysis maxfn= -0.084 N/mm
Maximum design vertical load per unit length Nsd=1000x0.30x0.084= 25.2 kN/m
Nsd= 25.2 <= 242.1=Nrd Ultimate limit state for vertical loading is verified (EC6 eq.6.1)
Strength verification in shear, load 1.00xg+0.30xq+Earthquake (EC6, 6.2)
Vsd= 76.8 kN,

=0.046 N/mm,

=0.056 N/mm, Lc= 7.60 m

Characteristic shear strength fvk=fvko+0.4xfd (EC6 3.6.2)

fvk=0.150+0.40x0.056= 0.172N/mm, maxfvk=

1.000N/mm, fvk= 0.172N/mm (EC6 Eq.3.5)

Design shear resistance of masonry Vrd=fvk.t.Lc/

(EC6 6.2, Eq.6.13)

Vrd=1000x0.172x0.30x7.60/1.50= 261.9 kN
Vsd= 76.8kN <= 261.9kN =Vrd.

(EC6 6.2)

The ultimate limit state for shear loading is verified)

Regions with concentrated loads (EC6, 6.1.3)
The maximum compressive stresses at the beam supports are obtained from the
finite element solution. Because at the wall top always exists a bond beam
from reinforced concrete, we check the stresses at a lower level.
Maximum compressive stress in stress concentration region fsdmax= 0.061N/mm
Maximum stress 0.061 N/mm is <= fk/
=1.636/1.5=1.091 N/mm
The strength requirements for concentrated loads are verified (EC6 6.1.3.eq.(6.9))
Top confining beam of reinforced concrete (EC6 6.1.3.(7), 8.2)
On the top of the wall and the top of the openings, small tensile stresses are taken
from reinforced concrete bond beams or lintels 30x20 (width x height in cm),
with minimum reinforcement 4

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Design firm ..........

8/20).

Pg. 15
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Masonry design
1st floor

Dimensions: length= 6.00m, height= 3.00m, thickness= 0.30m

W8

YTONG-M5 0.30
Building system

: Confined masonry (EC8, 9.3,T.9.1)

Category of execution :1 (EC6, 2.4.3, Annex A)

Category of masonry units :I (EC6 3.1.1)
Compressive strength of masonry: fk=1.64 N/mm (EC6 3.6.1.2)
Shear strength of masonry: fvko= 0.15 N/mm (EC6 3.6.2)
Partial safety factors for material properties:
Partial safety factors for material (+Earthquake):
Effective wall height hef=
Slenderness ratio

=1.50 (EC6, 2.4.3)

=(2/3)x1.50(>=1.50)=1.50 (EC8, 9.6.(3))

xh= 0.75x3.00= 2.25 m (EC6, 5.5.1.2)

=hef/tef=2.25/0.30= 7.50<=27 OK (EC6, 5.5.1.4)

Strength verification in axial compression, load 1.35xg+1.50xq (EC6, 6.1)

Masonry strength verification at the top of the masonry
Vertical design load at the top Nid=(1.35x49.8+1.50x13.2)/6.00=14.51kN/m
Average compression design stress at the top fsdo=0.001x14.51/0.30=0.048N/mm
The eccentricity is reduced by (1-k/4)=0.66 (EC6, Annex C(3))
Design bending moment at the top Mid= 4.07 kNm/m (EC6, Annex C.1)
Eccentricity Mid/Nid= 4.07/14.51= 0.28061 m = 0.94x(wall thickness) (EC6 Annex C.1)
Eccentricity is >45% of the wall thickness. It is computed as in EC6 Annex C.(5)
Bearing depth =0.20x0.30=0.06m. Eccentricity of load at the top Mid/Nid=0.12000m
Eccentricity at the top due to horizontal loads ehe= 0.00000m
Accidental (initial) eccentricity ei=hef/450=2.25/450= 0.00500m (EC6, 5.5.1.1)
Eccentricity at the top ee=Mid/Nid+ehe+ei=0.12000+0.00000+0.00500= 0.12500m (EC6 eq.6.5)
Minimum eccentricity min ee=0.05t=0.05x0.30= 0.01500m (EC6 6.1.2.2, Eq.6.5)
Reduction factor at the top
=1-2ee/t=1-2x0.12500/0.30= 0.17 (EC6 6.1.2.2, eq.6.4)
Vertical load resistance Nrd=
.t.fk/
=1000x0.17x0.30x 1.64/1.50=55.6kN/m (EC6 Eq.6.2)
Nsd= 14.5 <= 55.6=Nrd Ultimate limit state for vertical loading is verified (EC6 eq.6.1)
Masonry strength verification at the middle fifth of the height
Vertical design load in the middle (1/5)height Nmd=(1.35x65.7+1.50x13.2)/4.80=22.60kN/m
Average compressive design stress in the middle (1/5)height fsdo=0.001x22.60/0.30=0.075N/mm
Eccentricity of load in the middle (1/5)height Mmd/Nmd=0.20x0.12000x14.5/22.6=0.01541 m
Eccentricity in the middle (1/5)height due to horizontal forces ehm= 0.00000m
Accidental (initial) eccentricity ea=hef/450=2.25/450= 0.00500m (EC6, 5.5.1.1)
Eccentricity due to loads em=Mmd/Nmd+ehm+ea=0.01541+0.00000+0.00500= 0.02041m (EC6 eq.6.7)
The slenderness ratio is 7.50<=15, eccentricity due to creep ek=0 (EC6 6.1.2.2(2))
Eccentricity in the middle (1/5)height em=em+ek=0.02041+0.00000= 0.02041 m (EC6, Eq.6.7)
Minimum eccentricity min em=0.05t=0.05x0.30= 0.01500m (EC6, 6.1.2.2, eq.6.6)
Reduction factor in the middle (1/5)height
=(1-2em/t)Exp(-u/2)= 0.83 (EC6 Annex G)
Vertical load resistance Nrd=

.t.fk/

=1000x0.83x0.30x 1.64/1.50=271.4kN/m (EC6 Eq.6.2)

Nsd= 22.6 <= 271.4=Nrd Ultimate limit state for vertical loading is verified (EC6 eq.6.1)
Masonry strength verification at the bottom of the masonry
Vertical design load at wall base Nid=(1.35x89.5+1.50x13.2)/6.00=23.44kN/m
Average compressive design stress at wall base fsdo=0.001x23.44/0.30=0.078N/mm
Eccentricity of load at wall base Mid/Nid=0.12000x14.5/23.4= 0.07427 m
Eccentricity at wall base due to horizontal loads ehe= 0.00000m
Accidental (initial) eccentricity ei=hef/450=2.25/450= 0.00500m (EC6, 5.5.1.1)
Eccentricity at wall base ee=Mid/Nid+ehe+ei=0.07427+0.00000+0.00500= 0.07927m (EC6 eq.6.5)
Minimum eccentricity min ee=0.05t=0.05x0.30= 0.01500m (EC6 6.1.2.2, Eq.6.5)
Reduction factor at wall base
=1-2ee/t=1-2x0.07927/0.30= 0.47 (EC6 6.1.2.2, eq.6.4)
Vertical load resistance Nrd=
.t.fk/
=1000x0.47x0.30x 1.64/1.50=153.8kN/m (EC6 Eq.6.2)
Compressive stress from finite element analysis maxfn= -0.124 N/mm
Maximum design vertical load per unit length Nsd=1000x0.30x0.124= 37.2 kN/m
Nsd= 37.2 <= 153.8=Nrd Ultimate limit state for vertical loading is verified (EC6 eq.6.1)

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Masonry design
Strength verification in axial compression, load 1.00xg+0.30xq+Earthquake (EC6, 6.1)
Masonry strength verification at the top of the masonry
Vertical design load at the top Nid=(1.00x49.8+0.30x13.2)/6.00=8.96kN/m
Average compression design stress at the top fsdo=0.001x8.96/0.30=0.030N/mm
The eccentricity is reduced by (1-k/4)=0.66 (EC6, Annex C(3))
Design bending moment at the top Mid= 2.56 kNm/m (EC6, Annex C.1)
Eccentricity Mid/Nid= 2.56/8.96= 0.28543 m = 0.95x(wall thickness) (EC6 Annex C.1)
Eccentricity is >45% of the wall thickness. It is computed as in EC6 Annex C.(5)
Bearing depth =0.20x0.30=0.06m. Eccentricity of load at the top Mid/Nid=0.12000m
Eccentricity at the top due to horizontal loads ehe= 0.00021m
Accidental (initial) eccentricity ei=hef/450=2.25/450= 0.00500m (EC6, 5.5.1.1)
Eccentricity at the top ee=Mid/Nid+ehe+ei=0.12000+0.00021+0.00500= 0.12521m (EC6 eq.6.5)
Minimum eccentricity min ee=0.05t=0.05x0.30= 0.01500m (EC6 6.1.2.2, Eq.6.5)
Reduction factor at the top
=1-2ee/t=1-2x0.12521/0.30= 0.17 (EC6 6.1.2.2, eq.6.4)
Vertical load resistance Nrd=
.t.fk/
=1000x0.17x0.30x 1.64/1.50=55.6kN/m (EC6 Eq.6.2)
Nsd= 9.0 <= 55.6=Nrd Ultimate limit state for vertical loading is verified (EC6 eq.6.1)
Masonry strength verification at the middle fifth of the height
Vertical design load in the middle (1/5)height Nmd=(1.00x65.7+0.30x13.2)/4.80=14.51kN/m
Average compressive design stress in the middle (1/5)height fsdo=0.001x14.51/0.30=0.048N/mm
Eccentricity of load in the middle (1/5)height Mmd/Nmd=0.20x0.12000x9.0/14.5=0.01482 m
Eccentricity in the middle (1/5)height due to horizontal forces ehm= 0.00010m
Accidental (initial) eccentricity ea=hef/450=2.25/450= 0.00500m (EC6, 5.5.1.1)
Eccentricity due to loads em=Mmd/Nmd+ehm+ea=0.01482+0.00010+0.00500= 0.01992m (EC6 eq.6.7)
The slenderness ratio is 7.50<=15, eccentricity due to creep ek=0 (EC6 6.1.2.2(2))
Eccentricity in the middle (1/5)height em=em+ek=0.01992+0.00000= 0.01992 m (EC6, Eq.6.7)
Minimum eccentricity min em=0.05t=0.05x0.30= 0.01500m (EC6, 6.1.2.2, eq.6.6)
Reduction factor in the middle (1/5)height
=(1-2em/t)Exp(-u/2)= 0.84 (EC6 Annex G)
Vertical load resistance Nrd=

.t.fk/

=1000x0.84x0.30x 1.64/1.50=274.6kN/m (EC6 Eq.6.2)

Nsd= 14.5 <= 274.6=Nrd Ultimate limit state for vertical loading is verified (EC6 eq.6.1)
Masonry strength verification at the bottom of the masonry
Vertical design load at wall base Nid=(1.00x89.5+0.30x13.2)/6.00=15.58kN/m
Average compressive design stress at wall base fsdo=0.001x15.58/0.30=0.052N/mm
Eccentricity of load at wall base Mid/Nid=0.12000x9.0/15.6= 0.06903 m
Eccentricity at wall base due to horizontal loads ehe= 0.00021m
Accidental (initial) eccentricity ei=hef/450=2.25/450= 0.00500m (EC6, 5.5.1.1)
Eccentricity at wall base ee=Mid/Nid+ehe+ei=0.06903+0.00021+0.00500= 0.07423m (EC6 eq.6.5)
Minimum eccentricity min ee=0.05t=0.05x0.30= 0.01500m (EC6 6.1.2.2, Eq.6.5)
Reduction factor at wall base
=1-2ee/t=1-2x0.07423/0.30= 0.51 (EC6 6.1.2.2, eq.6.4)
Vertical load resistance Nrd=
.t.fk/
=1000x0.51x0.30x 1.64/1.50=166.9kN/m (EC6 Eq.6.2)
Compressive stress from finite element analysis maxfn= -0.131 N/mm
Maximum design vertical load per unit length Nsd=1000x0.30x0.131= 39.2 kN/m
Nsd= 39.2 <= 166.9=Nrd Ultimate limit state for vertical loading is verified (EC6 eq.6.1)
Strength verification in shear, load 1.00xg+0.30xq+Earthquake (EC6, 6.2)
Vsd= 58.6 kN,

=0.074 N/mm,

=0.090 N/mm, Lc= 4.80 m

Characteristic shear strength fvk=fvko+0.4xfd (EC6 3.6.2)

fvk=0.150+0.40x0.090= 0.186N/mm, maxfvk=

1.000N/mm, fvk= 0.186N/mm (EC6 Eq.3.5)

Design shear resistance of masonry Vrd=fvk.t.Lc/

(EC6 6.2, Eq.6.13)

Vrd=1000x0.186x0.30x4.80/1.50= 178.7 kN
Vsd= 58.6kN <= 178.7kN =Vrd.

(EC6 6.2)

The ultimate limit state for shear loading is verified)

Regions with concentrated loads (EC6, 6.1.3)
The maximum compressive stresses at the beam supports are obtained from the
finite element solution. Because at the wall top always exists a bond beam
from reinforced concrete, we check the stresses at a lower level.
Maximum compressive stress in stress concentration region fsdmax= 0.138N/mm
Maximum stress 0.138 N/mm is <= fk/
=1.636/1.5=1.091 N/mm
The strength requirements for concentrated loads are verified (EC6 6.1.3.eq.(6.9))
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Masonry design
Top confining beam of reinforced concrete (EC6 6.1.3.(7), 8.2)
On the top of the wall and the top of the openings, small tensile stresses are taken
from reinforced concrete bond beams or lintels 30x20 (width x height in cm),
with minimum reinforcement 4

12 (stirrups

1st floor

Dimensions: length= 10.00m, height= 3.00m, thickness= 0.30m

W9

8/20).

YTONG-M5 0.30
Building system

: Confined masonry (EC8, 9.3,T.9.1)

Category of execution :1 (EC6, 2.4.3, Annex A)

Category of masonry units :I (EC6 3.1.1)
Compressive strength of masonry: fk=1.64 N/mm (EC6 3.6.1.2)
Shear strength of masonry: fvko= 0.15 N/mm (EC6 3.6.2)
Partial safety factors for material properties:
Partial safety factors for material (+Earthquake):
Effective wall height hef=
Slenderness ratio

=1.50 (EC6, 2.4.3)

=(2/3)x1.50(>=1.50)=1.50 (EC8, 9.6.(3))

xh= 0.75x3.00= 2.25 m (EC6, 5.5.1.2)

=hef/tef=2.25/0.30= 7.50<=27 OK (EC6, 5.5.1.4)

Strength verification in axial compression, load 1.35xg+1.50xq (EC6, 6.1)

Masonry strength verification at the top of the masonry
Vertical design load at the top Nid=(1.35x24.0+1.50x5.8)/10.00=4.11kN/m
Average compression design stress at the top fsdo=0.001x4.11/0.30=0.014N/mm
The eccentricity is reduced by (1-k/4)=0.71 (EC6, Annex C(3))
Design bending moment at the top Mid= 1.37 kNm/m (EC6, Annex C.1)
Eccentricity Mid/Nid= 1.37/4.11= 0.33305 m = 1.11x(wall thickness) (EC6 Annex C.1)
Eccentricity is >45% of the wall thickness. It is computed as in EC6 Annex C.(5)
Bearing depth =0.20x0.30=0.06m. Eccentricity of load at the top Mid/Nid=0.12000m
Eccentricity at the top due to horizontal loads ehe= 0.00000m
Accidental (initial) eccentricity ei=hef/450=2.25/450= 0.00500m (EC6, 5.5.1.1)
Eccentricity at the top ee=Mid/Nid+ehe+ei=0.12000+0.00000+0.00500= 0.12500m (EC6 eq.6.5)
Minimum eccentricity min ee=0.05t=0.05x0.30= 0.01500m (EC6 6.1.2.2, Eq.6.5)
Reduction factor at the top
=1-2ee/t=1-2x0.12500/0.30= 0.17 (EC6 6.1.2.2, eq.6.4)
Vertical load resistance Nrd=
.t.fk/
=1000x0.17x0.30x 1.64/1.50=55.6kN/m (EC6 Eq.6.2)
Nsd= 4.1 <= 55.6=Nrd Ultimate limit state for vertical loading is verified (EC6 eq.6.1)
Masonry strength verification at the middle fifth of the height
Vertical design load in the middle (1/5)height Nmd=(1.35x50.9+1.50x5.8)/9.10=8.50kN/m
Average compressive design stress in the middle (1/5)height fsdo=0.001x8.50/0.30=0.028N/mm
Eccentricity of load in the middle (1/5)height Mmd/Nmd=0.20x0.12000x4.1/8.5=0.01160 m
Eccentricity in the middle (1/5)height due to horizontal forces ehm= 0.00000m
Accidental (initial) eccentricity ea=hef/450=2.25/450= 0.00500m (EC6, 5.5.1.1)
Eccentricity due to loads em=Mmd/Nmd+ehm+ea=0.01160+0.00000+0.00500= 0.01660m (EC6 eq.6.7)
The slenderness ratio is 7.50<=15, eccentricity due to creep ek=0 (EC6 6.1.2.2(2))
Eccentricity in the middle (1/5)height em=em+ek=0.01660+0.00000= 0.01660 m (EC6, Eq.6.7)
Minimum eccentricity min em=0.05t=0.05x0.30= 0.01500m (EC6, 6.1.2.2, eq.6.6)
Reduction factor in the middle (1/5)height
=(1-2em/t)Exp(-u/2)= 0.86 (EC6 Annex G)
Vertical load resistance Nrd=

.t.fk/

=1000x0.86x0.30x 1.64/1.50=281.3kN/m (EC6 Eq.6.2)

Nsd= 8.5 <= 281.3=Nrd Ultimate limit state for vertical loading is verified (EC6 eq.6.1)

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Masonry design
Masonry strength verification at the bottom of the masonry
Vertical design load at wall base Nid=(1.35x91.2+1.50x5.8)/9.10=14.49kN/m
Average compressive design stress at wall base fsdo=0.001x14.49/0.30=0.048N/mm
Eccentricity of load at wall base Mid/Nid=0.12000x4.1/14.5= 0.03405 m
Eccentricity at wall base due to horizontal loads ehe= 0.00000m
Accidental (initial) eccentricity ei=hef/450=2.25/450= 0.00500m (EC6, 5.5.1.1)
Eccentricity at wall base ee=Mid/Nid+ehe+ei=0.03405+0.00000+0.00500= 0.03905m (EC6 eq.6.5)
Minimum eccentricity min ee=0.05t=0.05x0.30= 0.01500m (EC6 6.1.2.2, Eq.6.5)
Reduction factor at wall base
=1-2ee/t=1-2x0.03905/0.30= 0.74 (EC6 6.1.2.2, eq.6.4)
Vertical load resistance Nrd=
.t.fk/
=1000x0.74x0.30x 1.64/1.50=242.1kN/m (EC6 Eq.6.2)
Compressive stress from finite element analysis maxfn= -0.055 N/mm
Maximum design vertical load per unit length Nsd=1000x0.30x0.055= 16.5 kN/m
Nsd= 16.5 <= 242.1=Nrd Ultimate limit state for vertical loading is verified (EC6 eq.6.1)
Strength verification in axial compression, load 1.00xg+0.30xq+Earthquake (EC6, 6.1)
Masonry strength verification at the top of the masonry
Vertical design load at the top Nid=(1.00x24.0+0.30x5.8)/10.00=2.57kN/m
Average compression design stress at the top fsdo=0.001x2.57/0.30=0.009N/mm
The eccentricity is reduced by (1-k/4)=0.71 (EC6, Annex C(3))
Design bending moment at the top Mid= 0.86 kNm/m (EC6, Annex C.1)
Eccentricity Mid/Nid= 0.86/2.57= 0.33264 m = 1.11x(wall thickness) (EC6 Annex C.1)
Eccentricity is >45% of the wall thickness. It is computed as in EC6 Annex C.(5)
Bearing depth =0.20x0.30=0.06m. Eccentricity of load at the top Mid/Nid=0.12000m
Eccentricity at the top due to horizontal loads ehe= 0.00021m
Accidental (initial) eccentricity ei=hef/450=2.25/450= 0.00500m (EC6, 5.5.1.1)
Eccentricity at the top ee=Mid/Nid+ehe+ei=0.12000+0.00021+0.00500= 0.12521m (EC6 eq.6.5)
Minimum eccentricity min ee=0.05t=0.05x0.30= 0.01500m (EC6 6.1.2.2, Eq.6.5)
Reduction factor at the top
=1-2ee/t=1-2x0.12521/0.30= 0.17 (EC6 6.1.2.2, eq.6.4)
Vertical load resistance Nrd=
.t.fk/
=1000x0.17x0.30x 1.64/1.50=55.6kN/m (EC6 Eq.6.2)
Nsd= 2.6 <= 55.6=Nrd Ultimate limit state for vertical loading is verified (EC6 eq.6.1)
Masonry strength verification at the middle fifth of the height
Vertical design load in the middle (1/5)height Nmd=(1.00x50.9+0.30x5.8)/9.10=5.78kN/m
Average compressive design stress in the middle (1/5)height fsdo=0.001x5.78/0.30=0.019N/mm
Eccentricity of load in the middle (1/5)height Mmd/Nmd=0.20x0.12000x2.6/5.8=0.01068 m
Eccentricity in the middle (1/5)height due to horizontal forces ehm= 0.00010m
Accidental (initial) eccentricity ea=hef/450=2.25/450= 0.00500m (EC6, 5.5.1.1)
Eccentricity due to loads em=Mmd/Nmd+ehm+ea=0.01068+0.00010+0.00500= 0.01579m (EC6 eq.6.7)
The slenderness ratio is 7.50<=15, eccentricity due to creep ek=0 (EC6 6.1.2.2(2))
Eccentricity in the middle (1/5)height em=em+ek=0.01579+0.00000= 0.01579 m (EC6, Eq.6.7)
Minimum eccentricity min em=0.05t=0.05x0.30= 0.01500m (EC6, 6.1.2.2, eq.6.6)
Reduction factor in the middle (1/5)height
=(1-2em/t)Exp(-u/2)= 0.86 (EC6 Annex G)
Vertical load resistance Nrd=

.t.fk/

=1000x0.86x0.30x 1.64/1.50=281.4kN/m (EC6 Eq.6.2)

Nsd= 5.8 <= 281.4=Nrd Ultimate limit state for vertical loading is verified (EC6 eq.6.1)
Masonry strength verification at the bottom of the masonry
Vertical design load at wall base Nid=(1.00x91.2+0.30x5.8)/9.10=10.21kN/m
Average compressive design stress at wall base fsdo=0.001x10.21/0.30=0.034N/mm
Eccentricity of load at wall base Mid/Nid=0.12000x2.6/10.2= 0.03024 m
Eccentricity at wall base due to horizontal loads ehe= 0.00021m
Accidental (initial) eccentricity ei=hef/450=2.25/450= 0.00500m (EC6, 5.5.1.1)
Eccentricity at wall base ee=Mid/Nid+ehe+ei=0.03024+0.00021+0.00500= 0.03545m (EC6 eq.6.5)
Minimum eccentricity min ee=0.05t=0.05x0.30= 0.01500m (EC6 6.1.2.2, Eq.6.5)
Reduction factor at wall base
=1-2ee/t=1-2x0.03545/0.30= 0.76 (EC6 6.1.2.2, eq.6.4)
Vertical load resistance Nrd=
.t.fk/
=1000x0.76x0.30x 1.64/1.50=248.7kN/m (EC6 Eq.6.2)
Compressive stress from finite element analysis maxfn= -0.112 N/mm
Maximum design vertical load per unit length Nsd=1000x0.30x0.112= 33.5 kN/m
Nsd= 33.5 <= 248.7=Nrd Ultimate limit state for vertical loading is verified (EC6 eq.6.1)

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Masonry design
Strength verification in shear, load 1.00xg+0.30xq+Earthquake (EC6, 6.2)
Vsd= 85.4 kN,

=0.050 N/mm,

=0.045 N/mm, Lc= 9.10 m

Characteristic shear strength fvk=fvko+0.4xfd (EC6 3.6.2)

fvk=0.150+0.40x0.045= 0.168N/mm, maxfvk=

1.000N/mm, fvk= 0.168N/mm (EC6 Eq.3.5)

Design shear resistance of masonry Vrd=fvk.t.Lc/

(EC6 6.2, Eq.6.13)

Vrd=1000x0.168x0.30x9.10/1.50= 305.8 kN
Vsd= 85.4kN <= 305.8kN =Vrd.

(EC6 6.2)

The ultimate limit state for shear loading is verified)

Regions with concentrated loads (EC6, 6.1.3)
The maximum compressive stresses at the beam supports are obtained from the
finite element solution. Because at the wall top always exists a bond beam
from reinforced concrete, we check the stresses at a lower level.
Maximum compressive stress in stress concentration region fsdmax= 0.056N/mm
Maximum stress 0.056 N/mm is <= fk/
=1.636/1.5=1.091 N/mm
The strength requirements for concentrated loads are verified (EC6 6.1.3.eq.(6.9))
Top confining beam of reinforced concrete (EC6 6.1.3.(7), 8.2)
On the top of the wall and the top of the openings, small tensile stresses are taken
from reinforced concrete bond beams or lintels 30x20 (width x height in cm),
with minimum reinforcement 4

12 (stirrups

1st floor

Dimensions: length= 6.00m, height= 3.00m, thickness= 0.30m

W10

8/20).

YTONG-M5 0.30
Building system

: Confined masonry (EC8, 9.3,T.9.1)

Category of execution :1 (EC6, 2.4.3, Annex A)

Category of masonry units :I (EC6 3.1.1)
Compressive strength of masonry: fk=1.64 N/mm (EC6 3.6.1.2)
Shear strength of masonry: fvko= 0.15 N/mm (EC6 3.6.2)
Partial safety factors for material properties:
Partial safety factors for material (+Earthquake):
Effective wall height hef=
Slenderness ratio

=1.50 (EC6, 2.4.3)

=(2/3)x1.50(>=1.50)=1.50 (EC8, 9.6.(3))

xh= 0.75x3.00= 2.25 m (EC6, 5.5.1.2)

=hef/tef=2.25/0.30= 7.50<=27 OK (EC6, 5.5.1.4)

Strength verification in axial compression, load 1.35xg+1.50xq (EC6, 6.1)

Masonry strength verification at the top of the masonry
Vertical design load at the top Nid=(1.35x149.4+1.50x32.4)/6.00=41.72kN/m
Average compression design stress at the top fsdo=0.001x41.72/0.30=0.139N/mm
The eccentricity is reduced by (1-k/4)=0.50 (EC6, Annex C(3))
Design bending moment at the top Mid= 0.00 kNm/m (EC6, Annex C.1)
Eccentricity Mid/Nid= 0.00/41.72= 0.00000 m = 0.00x(wall thickness) (EC6 Annex C.1)
Eccentricity at the top due to horizontal loads ehe= 0.00000m
Accidental (initial) eccentricity ei=hef/450=2.25/450= 0.00500m (EC6, 5.5.1.1)
Eccentricity at the top ee=Mid/Nid+ehe+ei=0.00000+0.00000+0.00500= 0.00500m (EC6 eq.6.5)
Minimum eccentricity min ee=0.05t=0.05x0.30= 0.01500m (EC6 6.1.2.2, Eq.6.5)
Reduction factor at the top
=1-2ee/t=1-2x0.01500/0.30= 0.90 (EC6 6.1.2.2, eq.6.4)
Vertical load resistance Nrd=
.t.fk/
=1000x0.90x0.30x 1.64/1.50=294.5kN/m (EC6 Eq.6.2)
Nsd= 41.7 <= 294.5=Nrd Ultimate limit state for vertical loading is verified (EC6 eq.6.1)

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Masonry design
Masonry strength verification at the middle fifth of the height
Vertical design load in the middle (1/5)height Nmd=(1.35x163.5+1.50x32.4)/4.50=59.86kN/m
Average compressive design stress in the middle (1/5)height fsdo=0.001x59.86/0.30=0.200N/mm
Eccentricity of load in the middle (1/5)height Mmd/Nmd=0.20x0.00000x41.7/59.9=0.00000 m
Eccentricity in the middle (1/5)height due to horizontal forces ehm= 0.00000m
Accidental (initial) eccentricity ea=hef/450=2.25/450= 0.00500m (EC6, 5.5.1.1)
Eccentricity due to loads em=Mmd/Nmd+ehm+ea=0.00000+0.00000+0.00500= 0.00500m (EC6 eq.6.7)
The slenderness ratio is 7.50<=15, eccentricity due to creep ek=0 (EC6 6.1.2.2(2))
Eccentricity in the middle (1/5)height em=em+ek=0.00500+0.00000= 0.00500 m (EC6, Eq.6.7)
Minimum eccentricity min em=0.05t=0.05x0.30= 0.01500m (EC6, 6.1.2.2, eq.6.6)
Reduction factor in the middle (1/5)height
=(1-2em/t)Exp(-u/2)= 0.87 (EC6 Annex G)
Vertical load resistance Nrd=

.t.fk/

=1000x0.87x0.30x 1.64/1.50=284.7kN/m (EC6 Eq.6.2)

Nsd= 59.9 <= 284.7=Nrd Ultimate limit state for vertical loading is verified (EC6 eq.6.1)
Masonry strength verification at the bottom of the masonry
Vertical design load at wall base Nid=(1.35x184.7+1.50x32.4)/4.50=66.21kN/m
Average compressive design stress at wall base fsdo=0.001x66.21/0.30=0.221N/mm
Eccentricity of load at wall base Mid/Nid=0.00000x41.7/66.2= 0.00000 m
Eccentricity at wall base due to horizontal loads ehe= 0.00000m
Accidental (initial) eccentricity ei=hef/450=2.25/450= 0.00500m (EC6, 5.5.1.1)
Eccentricity at wall base ee=Mid/Nid+ehe+ei=0.00000+0.00000+0.00500= 0.00500m (EC6 eq.6.5)
Minimum eccentricity min ee=0.05t=0.05x0.30= 0.01500m (EC6 6.1.2.2, Eq.6.5)
Reduction factor at wall base
=1-2ee/t=1-2x0.01500/0.30= 0.90 (EC6 6.1.2.2, eq.6.4)
Vertical load resistance Nrd=
.t.fk/
=1000x0.90x0.30x 1.64/1.50=294.5kN/m (EC6 Eq.6.2)
Compressive stress from finite element analysis maxfn= -0.313 N/mm
Maximum design vertical load per unit length Nsd=1000x0.30x0.313= 94.0 kN/m
Nsd= 94.0 <= 294.5=Nrd Ultimate limit state for vertical loading is verified (EC6 eq.6.1)
Strength verification in axial compression, load 1.00xg+0.30xq+Earthquake (EC6, 6.1)
Masonry strength verification at the top of the masonry
Vertical design load at the top Nid=(1.00x149.4+0.30x32.4)/6.00=26.52kN/m
Average compression design stress at the top fsdo=0.001x26.52/0.30=0.088N/mm
The eccentricity is reduced by (1-k/4)=0.50 (EC6, Annex C(3))
Design bending moment at the top Mid= 0.00 kNm/m (EC6, Annex C.1)
Eccentricity Mid/Nid= 0.00/26.52= 0.00000 m = 0.00x(wall thickness) (EC6 Annex C.1)
Eccentricity at the top due to horizontal loads ehe= 0.00021m
Accidental (initial) eccentricity ei=hef/450=2.25/450= 0.00500m (EC6, 5.5.1.1)
Eccentricity at the top ee=Mid/Nid+ehe+ei=0.00000+0.00021+0.00500= 0.00521m (EC6 eq.6.5)
Minimum eccentricity min ee=0.05t=0.05x0.30= 0.01500m (EC6 6.1.2.2, Eq.6.5)
Reduction factor at the top
=1-2ee/t=1-2x0.01500/0.30= 0.90 (EC6 6.1.2.2, eq.6.4)
Vertical load resistance Nrd=
.t.fk/
=1000x0.90x0.30x 1.64/1.50=294.5kN/m (EC6 Eq.6.2)
Nsd= 26.5 <= 294.5=Nrd Ultimate limit state for vertical loading is verified (EC6 eq.6.1)
Masonry strength verification at the middle fifth of the height
Vertical design load in the middle (1/5)height Nmd=(1.00x163.5+0.30x32.4)/4.50=38.50kN/m
Average compressive design stress in the middle (1/5)height fsdo=0.001x38.50/0.30=0.128N/mm
Eccentricity of load in the middle (1/5)height Mmd/Nmd=0.20x0.00000x26.5/38.5=0.00000 m
Eccentricity in the middle (1/5)height due to horizontal forces ehm= 0.00010m
Accidental (initial) eccentricity ea=hef/450=2.25/450= 0.00500m (EC6, 5.5.1.1)
Eccentricity due to loads em=Mmd/Nmd+ehm+ea=0.00000+0.00010+0.00500= 0.00510m (EC6 eq.6.7)
The slenderness ratio is 7.50<=15, eccentricity due to creep ek=0 (EC6 6.1.2.2(2))
Eccentricity in the middle (1/5)height em=em+ek=0.00510+0.00000= 0.00510 m (EC6, Eq.6.7)
Minimum eccentricity min em=0.05t=0.05x0.30= 0.01500m (EC6, 6.1.2.2, eq.6.6)
Reduction factor in the middle (1/5)height
=(1-2em/t)Exp(-u/2)= 0.87 (EC6 Annex G)
Vertical load resistance Nrd=

.t.fk/

=1000x0.87x0.30x 1.64/1.50=284.7kN/m (EC6 Eq.6.2)

Nsd= 38.5 <= 284.7=Nrd Ultimate limit state for vertical loading is verified (EC6 eq.6.1)

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Masonry design
Masonry strength verification at the bottom of the masonry
Vertical design load at wall base Nid=(1.00x184.7+0.30x32.4)/4.50=43.20kN/m
Average compressive design stress at wall base fsdo=0.001x43.20/0.30=0.144N/mm
Eccentricity of load at wall base Mid/Nid=0.00000x26.5/43.2= 0.00000 m
Eccentricity at wall base due to horizontal loads ehe= 0.00021m
Accidental (initial) eccentricity ei=hef/450=2.25/450= 0.00500m (EC6, 5.5.1.1)
Eccentricity at wall base ee=Mid/Nid+ehe+ei=0.00000+0.00021+0.00500= 0.00521m (EC6 eq.6.5)
Minimum eccentricity min ee=0.05t=0.05x0.30= 0.01500m (EC6 6.1.2.2, Eq.6.5)
Reduction factor at wall base
=1-2ee/t=1-2x0.01500/0.30= 0.90 (EC6 6.1.2.2, eq.6.4)
Vertical load resistance Nrd=
.t.fk/
=1000x0.90x0.30x 1.64/1.50=294.5kN/m (EC6 Eq.6.2)
Compressive stress from finite element analysis maxfn= -0.199 N/mm
Maximum design vertical load per unit length Nsd=1000x0.30x0.199= 59.7 kN/m
Nsd= 59.7 <= 294.5=Nrd Ultimate limit state for vertical loading is verified (EC6 eq.6.1)
Strength verification in shear, load 1.00xg+0.30xq+Earthquake (EC6, 6.2)
Vsd= 42.0 kN,

=0.115 N/mm,

=0.166 N/mm, Lc= 4.40 m

Characteristic shear strength fvk=fvko+0.4xfd (EC6 3.6.2)

fvk=0.150+0.40x0.166= 0.216N/mm, maxfvk=

1.000N/mm, fvk= 0.216N/mm (EC6 Eq.3.5)

Design shear resistance of masonry Vrd=fvk.t.Lc/

(EC6 6.2, Eq.6.13)

Vrd=1000x0.216x0.30x4.40/1.50= 190.3 kN
Vsd= 42.0kN <= 190.3kN =Vrd.

(EC6 6.2)

The ultimate limit state for shear loading is verified)

Regions with concentrated loads (EC6, 6.1.3)
The maximum compressive stresses at the beam supports are obtained from the
finite element solution. Because at the wall top always exists a bond beam
from reinforced concrete, we check the stresses at a lower level.
Maximum compressive stress in stress concentration region fsdmax= 0.359N/mm
Maximum stress 0.359 N/mm is <= fk/
=1.636/1.5=1.091 N/mm
The strength requirements for concentrated loads are verified (EC6 6.1.3.eq.(6.9))
Top confining beam of reinforced concrete (EC6 6.1.3.(7), 8.2)
On the top of the wall and the top of the openings, small tensile stresses are taken
from reinforced concrete bond beams or lintels 30x20 (width x height in cm),
with minimum reinforcement 4

12 (stirrups

Gr. floor

Dimensions: length= 6.00m, height= 3.00m, thickness= 0.30m

W1

8/20).

YTONG-M5 0.30
Building system

: Confined masonry (EC8, 9.3,T.9.1)

Category of execution :1 (EC6, 2.4.3, Annex A)

Category of masonry units :I (EC6 3.1.1)
Compressive strength of masonry: fk=1.64 N/mm (EC6 3.6.1.2)
Shear strength of masonry: fvko= 0.15 N/mm (EC6 3.6.2)
Partial safety factors for material properties:
Partial safety factors for material (+Earthquake):
Effective wall height hef=
Slenderness ratio

=1.50 (EC6, 2.4.3)

=(2/3)x1.50(>=1.50)=1.50 (EC8, 9.6.(3))

xh= 0.75x3.00= 2.25 m (EC6, 5.5.1.2)

=hef/tef=2.25/0.30= 7.50<=27 OK (EC6, 5.5.1.4)

Strength verification in axial compression, load 1.35xg+1.50xq (EC6, 6.1)

Masonry strength verification at the top of the masonry
Vertical design load at the top Nid=(1.35x140.3+1.50x35.9)/6.00=40.54kN/m
Average compression design stress at the top fsdo=0.001x40.54/0.30=0.135N/mm
The eccentricity is reduced by (1-k/4)=0.83 (EC6, Annex C(3))
Design bending moment at the top Mid= 4.21 kNm/m (EC6, Annex C.1)
Eccentricity Mid/Nid= 4.21/40.54= 0.10376 m = 0.35x(wall thickness) (EC6 Annex C.1)

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Masonry design
Eccentricity at the top due to horizontal loads ehe= 0.00000m
Accidental (initial) eccentricity ei=hef/450=2.25/450= 0.00500m (EC6, 5.5.1.1)
Eccentricity at the top ee=Mid/Nid+ehe+ei=0.10376+0.00000+0.00500= 0.10876m (EC6 eq.6.5)
Minimum eccentricity min ee=0.05t=0.05x0.30= 0.01500m (EC6 6.1.2.2, Eq.6.5)
Reduction factor at the top
=1-2ee/t=1-2x0.10876/0.30= 0.27 (EC6 6.1.2.2, eq.6.4)
Vertical load resistance Nrd=
.t.fk/
=1000x0.27x0.30x 1.64/1.50=88.3kN/m (EC6 Eq.6.2)
Nsd= 40.5 <= 88.3=Nrd Ultimate limit state for vertical loading is verified (EC6 eq.6.1)
Masonry strength verification at the middle fifth of the height
Vertical design load in the middle (1/5)height Nmd=(1.35x156.2+1.50x35.9)/4.80=55.14kN/m
Average compressive design stress in the middle (1/5)height fsdo=0.001x55.14/0.30=0.184N/mm
Eccentricity of load in the middle (1/5)height Mmd/Nmd=0.20x0.10376x40.5/55.1=0.01526 m
Eccentricity in the middle (1/5)height due to horizontal forces ehm= 0.00000m
Accidental (initial) eccentricity ea=hef/450=2.25/450= 0.00500m (EC6, 5.5.1.1)
Eccentricity due to loads em=Mmd/Nmd+ehm+ea=0.01526+0.00000+0.00500= 0.02026m (EC6 eq.6.7)
The slenderness ratio is 7.50<=15, eccentricity due to creep ek=0 (EC6 6.1.2.2(2))
Eccentricity in the middle (1/5)height em=em+ek=0.02026+0.00000= 0.02026 m (EC6, Eq.6.7)
Minimum eccentricity min em=0.05t=0.05x0.30= 0.01500m (EC6, 6.1.2.2, eq.6.6)
Reduction factor in the middle (1/5)height
=(1-2em/t)Exp(-u/2)= 0.83 (EC6 Annex G)
Vertical load resistance Nrd=

.t.fk/

=1000x0.83x0.30x 1.64/1.50=271.4kN/m (EC6 Eq.6.2)

Nsd= 55.1 <= 271.4=Nrd Ultimate limit state for vertical loading is verified (EC6 eq.6.1)
Masonry strength verification at the bottom of the masonry
Vertical design load at wall base Nid=(1.35x180.0+1.50x35.9)/6.00=49.48kN/m
Average compressive design stress at wall base fsdo=0.001x49.48/0.30=0.165N/mm
Eccentricity of load at wall base Mid/Nid=0.10376x40.5/49.5= 0.08502 m
Eccentricity at wall base due to horizontal loads ehe= 0.00000m
Accidental (initial) eccentricity ei=hef/450=2.25/450= 0.00500m (EC6, 5.5.1.1)
Eccentricity at wall base ee=Mid/Nid+ehe+ei=0.08502+0.00000+0.00500= 0.09002m (EC6 eq.6.5)
Minimum eccentricity min ee=0.05t=0.05x0.30= 0.01500m (EC6 6.1.2.2, Eq.6.5)
Reduction factor at wall base
=1-2ee/t=1-2x0.09002/0.30= 0.40 (EC6 6.1.2.2, eq.6.4)
Vertical load resistance Nrd=
.t.fk/
=1000x0.40x0.30x 1.64/1.50=130.9kN/m (EC6 Eq.6.2)
Compressive stress from finite element analysis maxfn= -0.292 N/mm
Maximum design vertical load per unit length Nsd=1000x0.30x0.292= 87.5 kN/m
Nsd= 87.5 <= 130.9=Nrd Ultimate limit state for vertical loading is verified (EC6 eq.6.1)
Strength verification in axial compression, load 1.00xg+0.30xq+Earthquake (EC6, 6.1)
Masonry strength verification at the top of the masonry
Vertical design load at the top Nid=(1.00x140.3+0.30x35.9)/6.00=25.18kN/m
Average compression design stress at the top fsdo=0.001x25.18/0.30=0.084N/mm
The eccentricity is reduced by (1-k/4)=0.83 (EC6, Annex C(3))
Design bending moment at the top Mid= 2.42 kNm/m (EC6, Annex C.1)
Eccentricity Mid/Nid= 2.42/25.18= 0.09610 m = 0.32x(wall thickness) (EC6 Annex C.1)
Eccentricity at the top due to horizontal loads ehe= 0.00034m
Accidental (initial) eccentricity ei=hef/450=2.25/450= 0.00500m (EC6, 5.5.1.1)
Eccentricity at the top ee=Mid/Nid+ehe+ei=0.09610+0.00034+0.00500= 0.10144m (EC6 eq.6.5)
Minimum eccentricity min ee=0.05t=0.05x0.30= 0.01500m (EC6 6.1.2.2, Eq.6.5)
Reduction factor at the top
=1-2ee/t=1-2x0.10144/0.30= 0.32 (EC6 6.1.2.2, eq.6.4)
Vertical load resistance Nrd=
.t.fk/
=1000x0.32x0.30x 1.64/1.50=104.7kN/m (EC6 Eq.6.2)
Nsd= 25.2 <= 104.7=Nrd Ultimate limit state for vertical loading is verified (EC6 eq.6.1)

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Masonry design
Masonry strength verification at the middle fifth of the height
Vertical design load in the middle (1/5)height Nmd=(1.00x156.2+0.30x35.9)/4.80=34.78kN/m
Average compressive design stress in the middle (1/5)height fsdo=0.001x34.78/0.30=0.116N/mm
Eccentricity of load in the middle (1/5)height Mmd/Nmd=0.20x0.09610x25.2/34.8=0.01391 m
Eccentricity in the middle (1/5)height due to horizontal forces ehm= 0.00017m
Accidental (initial) eccentricity ea=hef/450=2.25/450= 0.00500m (EC6, 5.5.1.1)
Eccentricity due to loads em=Mmd/Nmd+ehm+ea=0.01391+0.00017+0.00500= 0.01908m (EC6 eq.6.7)
The slenderness ratio is 7.50<=15, eccentricity due to creep ek=0 (EC6 6.1.2.2(2))
Eccentricity in the middle (1/5)height em=em+ek=0.01908+0.00000= 0.01908 m (EC6, Eq.6.7)
Minimum eccentricity min em=0.05t=0.05x0.30= 0.01500m (EC6, 6.1.2.2, eq.6.6)
Reduction factor in the middle (1/5)height
=(1-2em/t)Exp(-u/2)= 0.84 (EC6 Annex G)
Vertical load resistance Nrd=

.t.fk/

=1000x0.84x0.30x 1.64/1.50=274.7kN/m (EC6 Eq.6.2)

Nsd= 34.8 <= 274.7=Nrd Ultimate limit state for vertical loading is verified (EC6 eq.6.1)
Masonry strength verification at the bottom of the masonry
Vertical design load at wall base Nid=(1.00x180.0+0.30x35.9)/6.00=31.80kN/m
Average compressive design stress at wall base fsdo=0.001x31.80/0.30=0.106N/mm
Eccentricity of load at wall base Mid/Nid=0.09610x25.2/31.8= 0.07610 m
Eccentricity at wall base due to horizontal loads ehe= 0.00034m
Accidental (initial) eccentricity ei=hef/450=2.25/450= 0.00500m (EC6, 5.5.1.1)
Eccentricity at wall base ee=Mid/Nid+ehe+ei=0.07610+0.00034+0.00500= 0.08144m (EC6 eq.6.5)
Minimum eccentricity min ee=0.05t=0.05x0.30= 0.01500m (EC6 6.1.2.2, Eq.6.5)
Reduction factor at wall base
=1-2ee/t=1-2x0.08144/0.30= 0.46 (EC6 6.1.2.2, eq.6.4)
Vertical load resistance Nrd=
.t.fk/
=1000x0.46x0.30x 1.64/1.50=150.5kN/m (EC6 Eq.6.2)
Compressive stress from finite element analysis maxfn= -0.259 N/mm
Maximum design vertical load per unit length Nsd=1000x0.30x0.259= 77.6 kN/m
Nsd= 77.6 <= 150.5=Nrd Ultimate limit state for vertical loading is verified (EC6 eq.6.1)
Strength verification in shear, load 1.00xg+0.30xq+Earthquake (EC6, 6.2)
Vsd= 99.7 kN,

=0.119 N/mm,

=0.133 N/mm, Lc= 4.80 m

Characteristic shear strength fvk=fvko+0.4xfd (EC6 3.6.2)

fvk=0.150+0.40x0.133= 0.203N/mm, maxfvk=

1.000N/mm, fvk= 0.203N/mm (EC6 Eq.3.5)

Design shear resistance of masonry Vrd=fvk.t.Lc/

(EC6 6.2, Eq.6.13)

Vrd=1000x0.203x0.30x4.80/1.50= 195.1 kN
Vsd= 99.7kN <= 195.1kN =Vrd.

(EC6 6.2)

The ultimate limit state for shear loading is verified)

Regions with concentrated loads (EC6, 6.1.3)
The maximum compressive stresses at the beam supports are obtained from the
finite element solution. Because at the wall top always exists a bond beam
from reinforced concrete, we check the stresses at a lower level.
Maximum compressive stress in stress concentration region fsdmax= 0.312N/mm
Maximum stress 0.312 N/mm is <= fk/
=1.636/1.5=1.091 N/mm
The strength requirements for concentrated loads are verified (EC6 6.1.3.eq.(6.9))
Top confining beam of reinforced concrete (EC6 6.1.3.(7), 8.2)
On the top of the wall and the top of the openings, small tensile stresses are taken
from reinforced concrete bond beams or lintels 30x20 (width x height in cm),
with minimum reinforcement 4

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Masonry design
Gr. floor

Dimensions: length= 10.00m, height= 3.00m, thickness= 0.30m

W2

YTONG-M5 0.30
Building system

: Confined masonry (EC8, 9.3,T.9.1)

Category of execution :1 (EC6, 2.4.3, Annex A)

Category of masonry units :I (EC6 3.1.1)
Compressive strength of masonry: fk=1.64 N/mm (EC6 3.6.1.2)
Shear strength of masonry: fvko= 0.15 N/mm (EC6 3.6.2)
Partial safety factors for material properties:
Partial safety factors for material (+Earthquake):
Effective wall height hef=
Slenderness ratio

=1.50 (EC6, 2.4.3)

=(2/3)x1.50(>=1.50)=1.50 (EC8, 9.6.(3))

xh= 0.75x3.00= 2.25 m (EC6, 5.5.1.2)

=hef/tef=2.25/0.30= 7.50<=27 OK (EC6, 5.5.1.4)

Strength verification in axial compression, load 1.35xg+1.50xq (EC6, 6.1)

Masonry strength verification at the top of the masonry
Vertical design load at the top Nid=(1.35x113.7+1.50x15.4)/10.00=17.66kN/m
Average compression design stress at the top fsdo=0.001x17.66/0.30=0.059N/mm
The eccentricity is reduced by (1-k/4)=0.86 (EC6, Annex C(3))
Design bending moment at the top Mid= 1.30 kNm/m (EC6, Annex C.1)
Eccentricity Mid/Nid= 1.30/17.66= 0.07341 m = 0.24x(wall thickness) (EC6 Annex C.1)
Eccentricity at the top due to horizontal loads ehe= 0.00000m
Accidental (initial) eccentricity ei=hef/450=2.25/450= 0.00500m (EC6, 5.5.1.1)
Eccentricity at the top ee=Mid/Nid+ehe+ei=0.07341+0.00000+0.00500= 0.07841m (EC6 eq.6.5)
Minimum eccentricity min ee=0.05t=0.05x0.30= 0.01500m (EC6 6.1.2.2, Eq.6.5)
Reduction factor at the top
=1-2ee/t=1-2x0.07841/0.30= 0.48 (EC6 6.1.2.2, eq.6.4)
Vertical load resistance Nrd=
.t.fk/
=1000x0.48x0.30x 1.64/1.50=157.1kN/m (EC6 Eq.6.2)
Nsd= 17.7 <= 157.1=Nrd Ultimate limit state for vertical loading is verified (EC6 eq.6.1)
Masonry strength verification at the middle fifth of the height
Vertical design load in the middle (1/5)height Nmd=(1.35x139.7+1.50x15.4)/7.60=27.86kN/m
Average compressive design stress in the middle (1/5)height fsdo=0.001x27.86/0.30=0.093N/mm
Eccentricity of load in the middle (1/5)height Mmd/Nmd=0.20x0.07341x17.7/27.9=0.00931 m
Eccentricity in the middle (1/5)height due to horizontal forces ehm= 0.00000m
Accidental (initial) eccentricity ea=hef/450=2.25/450= 0.00500m (EC6, 5.5.1.1)
Eccentricity due to loads em=Mmd/Nmd+ehm+ea=0.00931+0.00000+0.00500= 0.01431m (EC6 eq.6.7)
The slenderness ratio is 7.50<=15, eccentricity due to creep ek=0 (EC6 6.1.2.2(2))
Eccentricity in the middle (1/5)height em=em+ek=0.01431+0.00000= 0.01431 m (EC6, Eq.6.7)
Minimum eccentricity min em=0.05t=0.05x0.30= 0.01500m (EC6, 6.1.2.2, eq.6.6)
Reduction factor in the middle (1/5)height
=(1-2em/t)Exp(-u/2)= 0.87 (EC6 Annex G)
Vertical load resistance Nrd=

.t.fk/

=1000x0.87x0.30x 1.64/1.50=284.7kN/m (EC6 Eq.6.2)

Nsd= 27.9 <= 284.7=Nrd Ultimate limit state for vertical loading is verified (EC6 eq.6.1)
Masonry strength verification at the bottom of the masonry
Vertical design load at wall base Nid=(1.35x178.8+1.50x15.4)/10.00=26.45kN/m
Average compressive design stress at wall base fsdo=0.001x26.45/0.30=0.088N/mm
Eccentricity of load at wall base Mid/Nid=0.07341x17.7/26.4= 0.04902 m
Eccentricity at wall base due to horizontal loads ehe= 0.00000m
Accidental (initial) eccentricity ei=hef/450=2.25/450= 0.00500m (EC6, 5.5.1.1)
Eccentricity at wall base ee=Mid/Nid+ehe+ei=0.04902+0.00000+0.00500= 0.05402m (EC6 eq.6.5)
Minimum eccentricity min ee=0.05t=0.05x0.30= 0.01500m (EC6 6.1.2.2, Eq.6.5)
Reduction factor at wall base
=1-2ee/t=1-2x0.05402/0.30= 0.64 (EC6 6.1.2.2, eq.6.4)
Vertical load resistance Nrd=
.t.fk/
=1000x0.64x0.30x 1.64/1.50=209.4kN/m (EC6 Eq.6.2)
Compressive stress from finite element analysis maxfn= -0.138 N/mm
Maximum design vertical load per unit length Nsd=1000x0.30x0.138= 41.4 kN/m
Nsd= 41.4 <= 209.4=Nrd Ultimate limit state for vertical loading is verified (EC6 eq.6.1)

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Masonry design
Strength verification in axial compression, load 1.00xg+0.30xq+Earthquake (EC6, 6.1)
Masonry strength verification at the top of the masonry
Vertical design load at the top Nid=(1.00x113.7+0.30x15.4)/10.00=11.83kN/m
Average compression design stress at the top fsdo=0.001x11.83/0.30=0.039N/mm
The eccentricity is reduced by (1-k/4)=0.86 (EC6, Annex C(3))
Design bending moment at the top Mid= 0.75 kNm/m (EC6, Annex C.1)
Eccentricity Mid/Nid= 0.75/11.83= 0.06324 m = 0.21x(wall thickness) (EC6 Annex C.1)
Eccentricity at the top due to horizontal loads ehe= 0.00034m
Accidental (initial) eccentricity ei=hef/450=2.25/450= 0.00500m (EC6, 5.5.1.1)
Eccentricity at the top ee=Mid/Nid+ehe+ei=0.06324+0.00034+0.00500= 0.06859m (EC6 eq.6.5)
Minimum eccentricity min ee=0.05t=0.05x0.30= 0.01500m (EC6 6.1.2.2, Eq.6.5)
Reduction factor at the top
=1-2ee/t=1-2x0.06859/0.30= 0.54 (EC6 6.1.2.2, eq.6.4)
Vertical load resistance Nrd=
.t.fk/
=1000x0.54x0.30x 1.64/1.50=176.7kN/m (EC6 Eq.6.2)
Nsd= 11.8 <= 176.7=Nrd Ultimate limit state for vertical loading is verified (EC6 eq.6.1)
Masonry strength verification at the middle fifth of the height
Vertical design load in the middle (1/5)height Nmd=(1.00x139.7+0.30x15.4)/7.60=18.99kN/m
Average compressive design stress in the middle (1/5)height fsdo=0.001x18.99/0.30=0.063N/mm
Eccentricity of load in the middle (1/5)height Mmd/Nmd=0.20x0.06324x11.8/19.0=0.00788 m
Eccentricity in the middle (1/5)height due to horizontal forces ehm= 0.00017m
Accidental (initial) eccentricity ea=hef/450=2.25/450= 0.00500m (EC6, 5.5.1.1)
Eccentricity due to loads em=Mmd/Nmd+ehm+ea=0.00788+0.00017+0.00500= 0.01305m (EC6 eq.6.7)
The slenderness ratio is 7.50<=15, eccentricity due to creep ek=0 (EC6 6.1.2.2(2))
Eccentricity in the middle (1/5)height em=em+ek=0.01305+0.00000= 0.01305 m (EC6, Eq.6.7)
Minimum eccentricity min em=0.05t=0.05x0.30= 0.01500m (EC6, 6.1.2.2, eq.6.6)
Reduction factor in the middle (1/5)height
=(1-2em/t)Exp(-u/2)= 0.87 (EC6 Annex G)
Vertical load resistance Nrd=

.t.fk/

=1000x0.87x0.30x 1.64/1.50=284.7kN/m (EC6 Eq.6.2)

Nsd= 19.0 <= 284.7=Nrd Ultimate limit state for vertical loading is verified (EC6 eq.6.1)
Masonry strength verification at the bottom of the masonry
Vertical design load at wall base Nid=(1.00x178.8+0.30x15.4)/10.00=18.34kN/m
Average compressive design stress at wall base fsdo=0.001x18.34/0.30=0.061N/mm
Eccentricity of load at wall base Mid/Nid=0.06324x11.8/18.3= 0.04080 m
Eccentricity at wall base due to horizontal loads ehe= 0.00034m
Accidental (initial) eccentricity ei=hef/450=2.25/450= 0.00500m (EC6, 5.5.1.1)
Eccentricity at wall base ee=Mid/Nid+ehe+ei=0.04080+0.00034+0.00500= 0.04614m (EC6 eq.6.5)
Minimum eccentricity min ee=0.05t=0.05x0.30= 0.01500m (EC6 6.1.2.2, Eq.6.5)
Reduction factor at wall base
=1-2ee/t=1-2x0.04614/0.30= 0.69 (EC6 6.1.2.2, eq.6.4)
Vertical load resistance Nrd=
.t.fk/
=1000x0.69x0.30x 1.64/1.50=225.8kN/m (EC6 Eq.6.2)
Compressive stress from finite element analysis maxfn= -0.164 N/mm
Maximum design vertical load per unit length Nsd=1000x0.30x0.164= 49.3 kN/m
Nsd= 49.3 <= 225.8=Nrd Ultimate limit state for vertical loading is verified (EC6 eq.6.1)
Strength verification in shear, load 1.00xg+0.30xq+Earthquake (EC6, 6.2)
Vsd= 128.0 kN,

=0.085 N/mm,

=0.130 N/mm, Lc= 7.60 m

Characteristic shear strength fvk=fvko+0.4xfd (EC6 3.6.2)

fvk=0.150+0.40x0.130= 0.202N/mm, maxfvk=

1.000N/mm, fvk= 0.202N/mm (EC6 Eq.3.5)

Design shear resistance of masonry Vrd=fvk.t.Lc/

(EC6 6.2, Eq.6.13)

Vrd=1000x0.202x0.30x7.60/1.50= 307.2 kN
Vsd= 128.0kN <= 307.2kN =Vrd.

(EC6 6.2)

The ultimate limit state for shear loading is verified)

Regions with concentrated loads (EC6, 6.1.3)
The maximum compressive stresses at the beam supports are obtained from the
finite element solution. Because at the wall top always exists a bond beam
from reinforced concrete, we check the stresses at a lower level.
Maximum compressive stress in stress concentration region fsdmax= 0.148N/mm
Maximum stress 0.148 N/mm is <= fk/
=1.636/1.5=1.091 N/mm
The strength requirements for concentrated loads are verified (EC6 6.1.3.eq.(6.9))

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Pg. 26
18/06/2012 11:34:43 AM

Masonry design
Top confining beam of reinforced concrete (EC6 6.1.3.(7), 8.2)
On the top of the wall and the top of the openings, small tensile stresses are taken
from reinforced concrete bond beams or lintels 30x20 (width x height in cm),
with minimum reinforcement 4

12 (stirrups

Gr. floor

Dimensions: length= 6.00m, height= 3.00m, thickness= 0.30m

W3

8/20).

YTONG-M5 0.30
Building system

: Confined masonry (EC8, 9.3,T.9.1)

Category of execution :1 (EC6, 2.4.3, Annex A)

Category of masonry units :I (EC6 3.1.1)
Compressive strength of masonry: fk=1.64 N/mm (EC6 3.6.1.2)
Shear strength of masonry: fvko= 0.15 N/mm (EC6 3.6.2)
Partial safety factors for material properties:
Partial safety factors for material (+Earthquake):
Effective wall height hef=
Slenderness ratio

=1.50 (EC6, 2.4.3)

=(2/3)x1.50(>=1.50)=1.50 (EC8, 9.6.(3))

xh= 0.75x3.00= 2.25 m (EC6, 5.5.1.2)

=hef/tef=2.25/0.30= 7.50<=27 OK (EC6, 5.5.1.4)

Strength verification in axial compression, load 1.35xg+1.50xq (EC6, 6.1)

Masonry strength verification at the top of the masonry
Vertical design load at the top Nid=(1.35x140.3+1.50x35.9)/6.00=40.54kN/m
Average compression design stress at the top fsdo=0.001x40.54/0.30=0.135N/mm
The eccentricity is reduced by (1-k/4)=0.83 (EC6, Annex C(3))
Design bending moment at the top Mid= 4.21 kNm/m (EC6, Annex C.1)
Eccentricity Mid/Nid= 4.21/40.54= 0.10376 m = 0.35x(wall thickness) (EC6 Annex C.1)
Eccentricity at the top due to horizontal loads ehe= 0.00000m
Accidental (initial) eccentricity ei=hef/450=2.25/450= 0.00500m (EC6, 5.5.1.1)
Eccentricity at the top ee=Mid/Nid+ehe+ei=0.10376+0.00000+0.00500= 0.10876m (EC6 eq.6.5)
Minimum eccentricity min ee=0.05t=0.05x0.30= 0.01500m (EC6 6.1.2.2, Eq.6.5)
Reduction factor at the top
=1-2ee/t=1-2x0.10876/0.30= 0.27 (EC6 6.1.2.2, eq.6.4)
Vertical load resistance Nrd=
.t.fk/
=1000x0.27x0.30x 1.64/1.50=88.3kN/m (EC6 Eq.6.2)
Nsd= 40.5 <= 88.3=Nrd Ultimate limit state for vertical loading is verified (EC6 eq.6.1)
Masonry strength verification at the middle fifth of the height
Vertical design load in the middle (1/5)height Nmd=(1.35x156.2+1.50x35.9)/4.80=55.14kN/m
Average compressive design stress in the middle (1/5)height fsdo=0.001x55.14/0.30=0.184N/mm
Eccentricity of load in the middle (1/5)height Mmd/Nmd=0.20x0.10376x40.5/55.1=0.01526 m
Eccentricity in the middle (1/5)height due to horizontal forces ehm= 0.00000m
Accidental (initial) eccentricity ea=hef/450=2.25/450= 0.00500m (EC6, 5.5.1.1)
Eccentricity due to loads em=Mmd/Nmd+ehm+ea=0.01526+0.00000+0.00500= 0.02026m (EC6 eq.6.7)
The slenderness ratio is 7.50<=15, eccentricity due to creep ek=0 (EC6 6.1.2.2(2))
Eccentricity in the middle (1/5)height em=em+ek=0.02026+0.00000= 0.02026 m (EC6, Eq.6.7)
Minimum eccentricity min em=0.05t=0.05x0.30= 0.01500m (EC6, 6.1.2.2, eq.6.6)
Reduction factor in the middle (1/5)height
=(1-2em/t)Exp(-u/2)= 0.83 (EC6 Annex G)
Vertical load resistance Nrd=

.t.fk/

=1000x0.83x0.30x 1.64/1.50=271.4kN/m (EC6 Eq.6.2)

Nsd= 55.1 <= 271.4=Nrd Ultimate limit state for vertical loading is verified (EC6 eq.6.1)
Masonry strength verification at the bottom of the masonry
Vertical design load at wall base Nid=(1.35x180.0+1.50x35.9)/6.00=49.48kN/m
Average compressive design stress at wall base fsdo=0.001x49.48/0.30=0.165N/mm
Eccentricity of load at wall base Mid/Nid=0.10376x40.5/49.5= 0.08502 m
Eccentricity at wall base due to horizontal loads ehe= 0.00000m
Accidental (initial) eccentricity ei=hef/450=2.25/450= 0.00500m (EC6, 5.5.1.1)
Eccentricity at wall base ee=Mid/Nid+ehe+ei=0.08502+0.00000+0.00500= 0.09002m (EC6 eq.6.5)
Minimum eccentricity min ee=0.05t=0.05x0.30= 0.01500m (EC6 6.1.2.2, Eq.6.5)
Reduction factor at wall base
=1-2ee/t=1-2x0.09002/0.30= 0.40 (EC6 6.1.2.2, eq.6.4)
Vertical load resistance Nrd=
.t.fk/
=1000x0.40x0.30x 1.64/1.50=130.9kN/m (EC6 Eq.6.2)
Compressive stress from finite element analysis maxfn= -0.294 N/mm
Maximum design vertical load per unit length Nsd=1000x0.30x0.294= 88.1 kN/m
Nsd= 88.1 <= 130.9=Nrd Ultimate limit state for vertical loading is verified (EC6 eq.6.1)

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Pg. 27
18/06/2012 11:34:43 AM

Masonry design
Strength verification in axial compression, load 1.00xg+0.30xq+Earthquake (EC6, 6.1)
Masonry strength verification at the top of the masonry
Vertical design load at the top Nid=(1.00x140.3+0.30x35.9)/6.00=25.18kN/m
Average compression design stress at the top fsdo=0.001x25.18/0.30=0.084N/mm
The eccentricity is reduced by (1-k/4)=0.83 (EC6, Annex C(3))
Design bending moment at the top Mid= 2.42 kNm/m (EC6, Annex C.1)
Eccentricity Mid/Nid= 2.42/25.18= 0.09610 m = 0.32x(wall thickness) (EC6 Annex C.1)
Eccentricity at the top due to horizontal loads ehe= 0.00034m
Accidental (initial) eccentricity ei=hef/450=2.25/450= 0.00500m (EC6, 5.5.1.1)
Eccentricity at the top ee=Mid/Nid+ehe+ei=0.09610+0.00034+0.00500= 0.10144m (EC6 eq.6.5)
Minimum eccentricity min ee=0.05t=0.05x0.30= 0.01500m (EC6 6.1.2.2, Eq.6.5)
Reduction factor at the top
=1-2ee/t=1-2x0.10144/0.30= 0.32 (EC6 6.1.2.2, eq.6.4)
Vertical load resistance Nrd=
.t.fk/
=1000x0.32x0.30x 1.64/1.50=104.7kN/m (EC6 Eq.6.2)
Nsd= 25.2 <= 104.7=Nrd Ultimate limit state for vertical loading is verified (EC6 eq.6.1)
Masonry strength verification at the middle fifth of the height
Vertical design load in the middle (1/5)height Nmd=(1.00x156.2+0.30x35.9)/4.80=34.78kN/m
Average compressive design stress in the middle (1/5)height fsdo=0.001x34.78/0.30=0.116N/mm
Eccentricity of load in the middle (1/5)height Mmd/Nmd=0.20x0.09610x25.2/34.8=0.01391 m
Eccentricity in the middle (1/5)height due to horizontal forces ehm= 0.00017m
Accidental (initial) eccentricity ea=hef/450=2.25/450= 0.00500m (EC6, 5.5.1.1)
Eccentricity due to loads em=Mmd/Nmd+ehm+ea=0.01391+0.00017+0.00500= 0.01908m (EC6 eq.6.7)
The slenderness ratio is 7.50<=15, eccentricity due to creep ek=0 (EC6 6.1.2.2(2))
Eccentricity in the middle (1/5)height em=em+ek=0.01908+0.00000= 0.01908 m (EC6, Eq.6.7)
Minimum eccentricity min em=0.05t=0.05x0.30= 0.01500m (EC6, 6.1.2.2, eq.6.6)
Reduction factor in the middle (1/5)height
=(1-2em/t)Exp(-u/2)= 0.84 (EC6 Annex G)
Vertical load resistance Nrd=

.t.fk/

=1000x0.84x0.30x 1.64/1.50=274.7kN/m (EC6 Eq.6.2)

Nsd= 34.8 <= 274.7=Nrd Ultimate limit state for vertical loading is verified (EC6 eq.6.1)
Masonry strength verification at the bottom of the masonry
Vertical design load at wall base Nid=(1.00x180.0+0.30x35.9)/6.00=31.80kN/m
Average compressive design stress at wall base fsdo=0.001x31.80/0.30=0.106N/mm
Eccentricity of load at wall base Mid/Nid=0.09610x25.2/31.8= 0.07610 m
Eccentricity at wall base due to horizontal loads ehe= 0.00034m
Accidental (initial) eccentricity ei=hef/450=2.25/450= 0.00500m (EC6, 5.5.1.1)
Eccentricity at wall base ee=Mid/Nid+ehe+ei=0.07610+0.00034+0.00500= 0.08144m (EC6 eq.6.5)
Minimum eccentricity min ee=0.05t=0.05x0.30= 0.01500m (EC6 6.1.2.2, Eq.6.5)
Reduction factor at wall base
=1-2ee/t=1-2x0.08144/0.30= 0.46 (EC6 6.1.2.2, eq.6.4)
Vertical load resistance Nrd=
.t.fk/
=1000x0.46x0.30x 1.64/1.50=150.5kN/m (EC6 Eq.6.2)
Compressive stress from finite element analysis maxfn= -0.253 N/mm
Maximum design vertical load per unit length Nsd=1000x0.30x0.253= 75.9 kN/m
Nsd= 75.9 <= 150.5=Nrd Ultimate limit state for vertical loading is verified (EC6 eq.6.1)
Strength verification in shear, load 1.00xg+0.30xq+Earthquake (EC6, 6.2)
Vsd= 97.6 kN,

=0.132 N/mm,

=0.220 N/mm, Lc= 4.80 m

Characteristic shear strength fvk=fvko+0.4xfd (EC6 3.6.2)

fvk=0.150+0.40x0.220= 0.238N/mm, maxfvk=

1.000N/mm, fvk= 0.238N/mm (EC6 Eq.3.5)

Design shear resistance of masonry Vrd=fvk.t.Lc/

(EC6 6.2, Eq.6.13)

Vrd=1000x0.238x0.30x4.80/1.50= 228.5 kN
Vsd= 97.6kN <= 228.5kN =Vrd.

(EC6 6.2)

The ultimate limit state for shear loading is verified)

Regions with concentrated loads (EC6, 6.1.3)
The maximum compressive stresses at the beam supports are obtained from the
finite element solution. Because at the wall top always exists a bond beam
from reinforced concrete, we check the stresses at a lower level.
Maximum compressive stress in stress concentration region fsdmax= 0.331N/mm
Maximum stress 0.331 N/mm is <= fk/
=1.636/1.5=1.091 N/mm
The strength requirements for concentrated loads are verified (EC6 6.1.3.eq.(6.9))

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Design firm ..........

Pg. 28
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Masonry design
Top confining beam of reinforced concrete (EC6 6.1.3.(7), 8.2)
On the top of the wall and the top of the openings, small tensile stresses are taken
from reinforced concrete bond beams or lintels 30x20 (width x height in cm),
with minimum reinforcement 4

12 (stirrups

Gr. floor

Dimensions: length= 10.00m, height= 3.00m, thickness= 0.30m

W4

8/20).

YTONG-M5 0.30
Building system

: Confined masonry (EC8, 9.3,T.9.1)

Category of execution :1 (EC6, 2.4.3, Annex A)

Category of masonry units :I (EC6 3.1.1)
Compressive strength of masonry: fk=1.64 N/mm (EC6 3.6.1.2)
Shear strength of masonry: fvko= 0.15 N/mm (EC6 3.6.2)
Partial safety factors for material properties:
Partial safety factors for material (+Earthquake):
Effective wall height hef=
Slenderness ratio

=1.50 (EC6, 2.4.3)

=(2/3)x1.50(>=1.50)=1.50 (EC8, 9.6.(3))

xh= 0.75x3.00= 2.25 m (EC6, 5.5.1.2)

=hef/tef=2.25/0.30= 7.50<=27 OK (EC6, 5.5.1.4)

Strength verification in axial compression, load 1.35xg+1.50xq (EC6, 6.1)

Masonry strength verification at the top of the masonry
Vertical design load at the top Nid=(1.35x115.8+1.50x15.4)/10.00=17.94kN/m
Average compression design stress at the top fsdo=0.001x17.94/0.30=0.060N/mm
The eccentricity is reduced by (1-k/4)=0.86 (EC6, Annex C(3))
Design bending moment at the top Mid= 1.30 kNm/m (EC6, Annex C.1)
Eccentricity Mid/Nid= 1.30/17.94= 0.07225 m = 0.24x(wall thickness) (EC6 Annex C.1)
Eccentricity at the top due to horizontal loads ehe= 0.00000m
Accidental (initial) eccentricity ei=hef/450=2.25/450= 0.00500m (EC6, 5.5.1.1)
Eccentricity at the top ee=Mid/Nid+ehe+ei=0.07225+0.00000+0.00500= 0.07725m (EC6 eq.6.5)
Minimum eccentricity min ee=0.05t=0.05x0.30= 0.01500m (EC6 6.1.2.2, Eq.6.5)
Reduction factor at the top
=1-2ee/t=1-2x0.07725/0.30= 0.48 (EC6 6.1.2.2, eq.6.4)
Vertical load resistance Nrd=
.t.fk/
=1000x0.48x0.30x 1.64/1.50=157.1kN/m (EC6 Eq.6.2)
Nsd= 17.9 <= 157.1=Nrd Ultimate limit state for vertical loading is verified (EC6 eq.6.1)
Masonry strength verification at the middle fifth of the height
Vertical design load in the middle (1/5)height Nmd=(1.35x142.7+1.50x15.4)/9.10=23.71kN/m
Average compressive design stress in the middle (1/5)height fsdo=0.001x23.71/0.30=0.079N/mm
Eccentricity of load in the middle (1/5)height Mmd/Nmd=0.20x0.07225x17.9/23.7=0.01094 m
Eccentricity in the middle (1/5)height due to horizontal forces ehm= 0.00000m
Accidental (initial) eccentricity ea=hef/450=2.25/450= 0.00500m (EC6, 5.5.1.1)
Eccentricity due to loads em=Mmd/Nmd+ehm+ea=0.01094+0.00000+0.00500= 0.01594m (EC6 eq.6.7)
The slenderness ratio is 7.50<=15, eccentricity due to creep ek=0 (EC6 6.1.2.2(2))
Eccentricity in the middle (1/5)height em=em+ek=0.01594+0.00000= 0.01594 m (EC6, Eq.6.7)
Minimum eccentricity min em=0.05t=0.05x0.30= 0.01500m (EC6, 6.1.2.2, eq.6.6)
Reduction factor in the middle (1/5)height
=(1-2em/t)Exp(-u/2)= 0.86 (EC6 Annex G)
Vertical load resistance Nrd=

.t.fk/

=1000x0.86x0.30x 1.64/1.50=281.4kN/m (EC6 Eq.6.2)

Nsd= 23.7 <= 281.4=Nrd Ultimate limit state for vertical loading is verified (EC6 eq.6.1)
Masonry strength verification at the bottom of the masonry
Vertical design load at wall base Nid=(1.35x183.0+1.50x15.4)/9.10=29.69kN/m
Average compressive design stress at wall base fsdo=0.001x29.69/0.30=0.099N/mm
Eccentricity of load at wall base Mid/Nid=0.07225x17.9/29.7= 0.04367 m
Eccentricity at wall base due to horizontal loads ehe= 0.00000m
Accidental (initial) eccentricity ei=hef/450=2.25/450= 0.00500m (EC6, 5.5.1.1)
Eccentricity at wall base ee=Mid/Nid+ehe+ei=0.04367+0.00000+0.00500= 0.04867m (EC6 eq.6.5)
Minimum eccentricity min ee=0.05t=0.05x0.30= 0.01500m (EC6 6.1.2.2, Eq.6.5)
Reduction factor at wall base
=1-2ee/t=1-2x0.04867/0.30= 0.68 (EC6 6.1.2.2, eq.6.4)
Vertical load resistance Nrd=
.t.fk/
=1000x0.68x0.30x 1.64/1.50=222.5kN/m (EC6 Eq.6.2)
Compressive stress from finite element analysis maxfn= -0.116 N/mm
Maximum design vertical load per unit length Nsd=1000x0.30x0.116= 34.8 kN/m
Nsd= 34.8 <= 222.5=Nrd Ultimate limit state for vertical loading is verified (EC6 eq.6.1)

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Design firm ..........

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Masonry design
Strength verification in axial compression, load 1.00xg+0.30xq+Earthquake (EC6, 6.1)
Masonry strength verification at the top of the masonry
Vertical design load at the top Nid=(1.00x115.8+0.30x15.4)/10.00=12.04kN/m
Average compression design stress at the top fsdo=0.001x12.04/0.30=0.040N/mm
The eccentricity is reduced by (1-k/4)=0.86 (EC6, Annex C(3))
Design bending moment at the top Mid= 0.75 kNm/m (EC6, Annex C.1)
Eccentricity Mid/Nid= 0.75/12.04= 0.06214 m = 0.21x(wall thickness) (EC6 Annex C.1)
Eccentricity at the top due to horizontal loads ehe= 0.00034m
Accidental (initial) eccentricity ei=hef/450=2.25/450= 0.00500m (EC6, 5.5.1.1)
Eccentricity at the top ee=Mid/Nid+ehe+ei=0.06214+0.00034+0.00500= 0.06748m (EC6 eq.6.5)
Minimum eccentricity min ee=0.05t=0.05x0.30= 0.01500m (EC6 6.1.2.2, Eq.6.5)
Reduction factor at the top
=1-2ee/t=1-2x0.06748/0.30= 0.55 (EC6 6.1.2.2, eq.6.4)
Vertical load resistance Nrd=
.t.fk/
=1000x0.55x0.30x 1.64/1.50=180.0kN/m (EC6 Eq.6.2)
Nsd= 12.0 <= 180.0=Nrd Ultimate limit state for vertical loading is verified (EC6 eq.6.1)
Masonry strength verification at the middle fifth of the height
Vertical design load in the middle (1/5)height Nmd=(1.00x142.7+0.30x15.4)/9.10=16.19kN/m
Average compressive design stress in the middle (1/5)height fsdo=0.001x16.19/0.30=0.054N/mm
Eccentricity of load in the middle (1/5)height Mmd/Nmd=0.20x0.06214x12.0/16.2=0.00925 m
Eccentricity in the middle (1/5)height due to horizontal forces ehm= 0.00017m
Accidental (initial) eccentricity ea=hef/450=2.25/450= 0.00500m (EC6, 5.5.1.1)
Eccentricity due to loads em=Mmd/Nmd+ehm+ea=0.00925+0.00017+0.00500= 0.01442m (EC6 eq.6.7)
The slenderness ratio is 7.50<=15, eccentricity due to creep ek=0 (EC6 6.1.2.2(2))
Eccentricity in the middle (1/5)height em=em+ek=0.01442+0.00000= 0.01442 m (EC6, Eq.6.7)
Minimum eccentricity min em=0.05t=0.05x0.30= 0.01500m (EC6, 6.1.2.2, eq.6.6)
Reduction factor in the middle (1/5)height
=(1-2em/t)Exp(-u/2)= 0.87 (EC6 Annex G)
Vertical load resistance Nrd=

.t.fk/

=1000x0.87x0.30x 1.64/1.50=284.7kN/m (EC6 Eq.6.2)

Nsd= 16.2 <= 284.7=Nrd Ultimate limit state for vertical loading is verified (EC6 eq.6.1)
Masonry strength verification at the bottom of the masonry
Vertical design load at wall base Nid=(1.00x183.0+0.30x15.4)/9.10=20.62kN/m
Average compressive design stress at wall base fsdo=0.001x20.62/0.30=0.069N/mm
Eccentricity of load at wall base Mid/Nid=0.06214x12.0/20.6= 0.03629 m
Eccentricity at wall base due to horizontal loads ehe= 0.00034m
Accidental (initial) eccentricity ei=hef/450=2.25/450= 0.00500m (EC6, 5.5.1.1)
Eccentricity at wall base ee=Mid/Nid+ehe+ei=0.03629+0.00034+0.00500= 0.04164m (EC6 eq.6.5)
Minimum eccentricity min ee=0.05t=0.05x0.30= 0.01500m (EC6 6.1.2.2, Eq.6.5)
Reduction factor at wall base
=1-2ee/t=1-2x0.04164/0.30= 0.72 (EC6 6.1.2.2, eq.6.4)
Vertical load resistance Nrd=
.t.fk/
=1000x0.72x0.30x 1.64/1.50=235.6kN/m (EC6 Eq.6.2)
Compressive stress from finite element analysis maxfn= -0.197 N/mm
Maximum design vertical load per unit length Nsd=1000x0.30x0.197= 59.1 kN/m
Nsd= 59.1 <= 235.6=Nrd Ultimate limit state for vertical loading is verified (EC6 eq.6.1)
Strength verification in shear, load 1.00xg+0.30xq+Earthquake (EC6, 6.2)
Vsd= 142.4 kN,

=0.087 N/mm,

=0.115 N/mm, Lc= 9.10 m

Characteristic shear strength fvk=fvko+0.4xfd (EC6 3.6.2)

fvk=0.150+0.40x0.115= 0.196N/mm, maxfvk=

1.000N/mm, fvk= 0.196N/mm (EC6 Eq.3.5)

Design shear resistance of masonry Vrd=fvk.t.Lc/

(EC6 6.2, Eq.6.13)

Vrd=1000x0.196x0.30x9.10/1.50= 356.8 kN
Vsd= 142.4kN <= 356.8kN =Vrd.

(EC6 6.2)

The ultimate limit state for shear loading is verified)

Regions with concentrated loads (EC6, 6.1.3)
The maximum compressive stresses at the beam supports are obtained from the
finite element solution. Because at the wall top always exists a bond beam
from reinforced concrete, we check the stresses at a lower level.
Maximum compressive stress in stress concentration region fsdmax= 0.123N/mm
Maximum stress 0.123 N/mm is <= fk/
=1.636/1.5=1.091 N/mm
The strength requirements for concentrated loads are verified (EC6 6.1.3.eq.(6.9))

FEDRA RUNET
software by RUNET (c)

Design firm ..........

Pg. 30
18/06/2012 11:34:43 AM

Masonry design
Top confining beam of reinforced concrete (EC6 6.1.3.(7), 8.2)
On the top of the wall and the top of the openings, small tensile stresses are taken
from reinforced concrete bond beams or lintels 30x20 (width x height in cm),
with minimum reinforcement 4

12 (stirrups

Gr. floor

Dimensions: length= 6.00m, height= 3.00m, thickness= 0.30m

W5

8/20).

YTONG-M5 0.30
Building system

: Confined masonry (EC8, 9.3,T.9.1)

Category of execution :1 (EC6, 2.4.3, Annex A)

Category of masonry units :I (EC6 3.1.1)
Compressive strength of masonry: fk=1.64 N/mm (EC6 3.6.1.2)
Shear strength of masonry: fvko= 0.15 N/mm (EC6 3.6.2)
Partial safety factors for material properties:
Partial safety factors for material (+Earthquake):
Effective wall height hef=
Slenderness ratio

=1.50 (EC6, 2.4.3)

=(2/3)x1.50(>=1.50)=1.50 (EC8, 9.6.(3))

xh= 0.75x3.00= 2.25 m (EC6, 5.5.1.2)

=hef/tef=2.25/0.30= 7.50<=27 OK (EC6, 5.5.1.4)

Strength verification in axial compression, load 1.35xg+1.50xq (EC6, 6.1)

Masonry strength verification at the top of the masonry
Vertical design load at the top Nid=(1.35x337.0+1.50x87.9)/6.00=97.80kN/m
Average compression design stress at the top fsdo=0.001x97.80/0.30=0.326N/mm
The eccentricity is reduced by (1-k/4)=0.66 (EC6, Annex C(3))
Design bending moment at the top Mid= 0.00 kNm/m (EC6, Annex C.1)
Eccentricity Mid/Nid= 0.00/97.80= 0.00000 m = 0.00x(wall thickness) (EC6 Annex C.1)
Eccentricity at the top due to horizontal loads ehe= 0.00000m
Accidental (initial) eccentricity ei=hef/450=2.25/450= 0.00500m (EC6, 5.5.1.1)
Eccentricity at the top ee=Mid/Nid+ehe+ei=0.00000+0.00000+0.00500= 0.00500m (EC6 eq.6.5)
Minimum eccentricity min ee=0.05t=0.05x0.30= 0.01500m (EC6 6.1.2.2, Eq.6.5)
Reduction factor at the top
=1-2ee/t=1-2x0.01500/0.30= 0.90 (EC6 6.1.2.2, eq.6.4)
Vertical load resistance Nrd=
.t.fk/
=1000x0.90x0.30x 1.64/1.50=294.5kN/m (EC6 Eq.6.2)
Nsd= 97.8 <= 294.5=Nrd Ultimate limit state for vertical loading is verified (EC6 eq.6.1)
Masonry strength verification at the middle fifth of the height
Vertical design load in the middle (1/5)height Nmd=(1.35x351.1+1.50x87.9)/4.50=134.64kN/m
Average compressive design stress in the middle (1/5)height fsdo=0.001x134.64/0.30=0.449N/mm
Eccentricity of load in the middle (1/5)height Mmd/Nmd=0.20x0.00000x97.8/134.6=0.00000 m
Eccentricity in the middle (1/5)height due to horizontal forces ehm= 0.00000m
Accidental (initial) eccentricity ea=hef/450=2.25/450= 0.00500m (EC6, 5.5.1.1)
Eccentricity due to loads em=Mmd/Nmd+ehm+ea=0.00000+0.00000+0.00500= 0.00500m (EC6 eq.6.7)
The slenderness ratio is 7.50<=15, eccentricity due to creep ek=0 (EC6 6.1.2.2(2))
Eccentricity in the middle (1/5)height em=em+ek=0.00500+0.00000= 0.00500 m (EC6, Eq.6.7)
Minimum eccentricity min em=0.05t=0.05x0.30= 0.01500m (EC6, 6.1.2.2, eq.6.6)
Reduction factor in the middle (1/5)height
=(1-2em/t)Exp(-u/2)= 0.87 (EC6 Annex G)
Vertical load resistance Nrd=

.t.fk/

=1000x0.87x0.30x 1.64/1.50=284.7kN/m (EC6 Eq.6.2)

Nsd= 134.6 <= 284.7=Nrd Ultimate limit state for vertical loading is verified (EC6 eq.6.1)
Masonry strength verification at the bottom of the masonry
Vertical design load at wall base Nid=(1.35x372.3+1.50x87.9)/4.50=140.99kN/m
Average compressive design stress at wall base fsdo=0.001x140.99/0.30=0.470N/mm
Eccentricity of load at wall base Mid/Nid=0.00000x97.8/141.0= 0.00000 m
Eccentricity at wall base due to horizontal loads ehe= 0.00000m
Accidental (initial) eccentricity ei=hef/450=2.25/450= 0.00500m (EC6, 5.5.1.1)
Eccentricity at wall base ee=Mid/Nid+ehe+ei=0.00000+0.00000+0.00500= 0.00500m (EC6 eq.6.5)
Minimum eccentricity min ee=0.05t=0.05x0.30= 0.01500m (EC6 6.1.2.2, Eq.6.5)
Reduction factor at wall base
=1-2ee/t=1-2x0.01500/0.30= 0.90 (EC6 6.1.2.2, eq.6.4)
Vertical load resistance Nrd=
.t.fk/
=1000x0.90x0.30x 1.64/1.50=294.5kN/m (EC6 Eq.6.2)
Compressive stress from finite element analysis maxfn= -0.681 N/mm
Maximum design vertical load per unit length Nsd=1000x0.30x0.681= 204.2 kN/m
Nsd= 204.2 <= 294.5=Nrd Ultimate limit state for vertical loading is verified (EC6 eq.6.1)

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Design firm ..........

Pg. 31
18/06/2012 11:34:43 AM

Masonry design
Strength verification in axial compression, load 1.00xg+0.30xq+Earthquake (EC6, 6.1)
Masonry strength verification at the top of the masonry
Vertical design load at the top Nid=(1.00x337.0+0.30x87.9)/6.00=60.56kN/m
Average compression design stress at the top fsdo=0.001x60.56/0.30=0.202N/mm
The eccentricity is reduced by (1-k/4)=0.66 (EC6, Annex C(3))
Design bending moment at the top Mid= 0.00 kNm/m (EC6, Annex C.1)
Eccentricity Mid/Nid= 0.00/60.56= 0.00000 m = 0.00x(wall thickness) (EC6 Annex C.1)
Eccentricity at the top due to horizontal loads ehe= 0.00034m
Accidental (initial) eccentricity ei=hef/450=2.25/450= 0.00500m (EC6, 5.5.1.1)
Eccentricity at the top ee=Mid/Nid+ehe+ei=0.00000+0.00034+0.00500= 0.00534m (EC6 eq.6.5)
Minimum eccentricity min ee=0.05t=0.05x0.30= 0.01500m (EC6 6.1.2.2, Eq.6.5)
Reduction factor at the top
=1-2ee/t=1-2x0.01500/0.30= 0.90 (EC6 6.1.2.2, eq.6.4)
Vertical load resistance Nrd=
.t.fk/
=1000x0.90x0.30x 1.64/1.50=294.5kN/m (EC6 Eq.6.2)
Nsd= 60.6 <= 294.5=Nrd Ultimate limit state for vertical loading is verified (EC6 eq.6.1)
Masonry strength verification at the middle fifth of the height
Vertical design load in the middle (1/5)height Nmd=(1.00x351.1+0.30x87.9)/4.50=83.89kN/m
Average compressive design stress in the middle (1/5)height fsdo=0.001x83.89/0.30=0.280N/mm
Eccentricity of load in the middle (1/5)height Mmd/Nmd=0.20x0.00000x60.6/83.9=0.00000 m
Eccentricity in the middle (1/5)height due to horizontal forces ehm= 0.00017m
Accidental (initial) eccentricity ea=hef/450=2.25/450= 0.00500m (EC6, 5.5.1.1)
Eccentricity due to loads em=Mmd/Nmd+ehm+ea=0.00000+0.00017+0.00500= 0.00517m (EC6 eq.6.7)
The slenderness ratio is 7.50<=15, eccentricity due to creep ek=0 (EC6 6.1.2.2(2))
Eccentricity in the middle (1/5)height em=em+ek=0.00517+0.00000= 0.00517 m (EC6, Eq.6.7)
Minimum eccentricity min em=0.05t=0.05x0.30= 0.01500m (EC6, 6.1.2.2, eq.6.6)
Reduction factor in the middle (1/5)height
=(1-2em/t)Exp(-u/2)= 0.87 (EC6 Annex G)
Vertical load resistance Nrd=

.t.fk/

=1000x0.87x0.30x 1.64/1.50=284.7kN/m (EC6 Eq.6.2)

Nsd= 83.9 <= 284.7=Nrd Ultimate limit state for vertical loading is verified (EC6 eq.6.1)
Masonry strength verification at the bottom of the masonry
Vertical design load at wall base Nid=(1.00x372.3+0.30x87.9)/4.50=88.59kN/m
Average compressive design stress at wall base fsdo=0.001x88.59/0.30=0.295N/mm
Eccentricity of load at wall base Mid/Nid=0.00000x60.6/88.6= 0.00000 m
Eccentricity at wall base due to horizontal loads ehe= 0.00034m
Accidental (initial) eccentricity ei=hef/450=2.25/450= 0.00500m (EC6, 5.5.1.1)
Eccentricity at wall base ee=Mid/Nid+ehe+ei=0.00000+0.00034+0.00500= 0.00534m (EC6 eq.6.5)
Minimum eccentricity min ee=0.05t=0.05x0.30= 0.01500m (EC6 6.1.2.2, Eq.6.5)
Reduction factor at wall base
=1-2ee/t=1-2x0.01500/0.30= 0.90 (EC6 6.1.2.2, eq.6.4)
Vertical load resistance Nrd=
.t.fk/
=1000x0.90x0.30x 1.64/1.50=294.5kN/m (EC6 Eq.6.2)
Compressive stress from finite element analysis maxfn= -0.391 N/mm
Maximum design vertical load per unit length Nsd=1000x0.30x0.391= 117.3 kN/m
Nsd= 117.3 <= 294.5=Nrd Ultimate limit state for vertical loading is verified (EC6 eq.6.1)
Strength verification in shear, load 1.00xg+0.30xq+Earthquake (EC6, 6.2)
Vsd= 70.1 kN,

=0.227 N/mm,

=0.353 N/mm, Lc= 4.15 m

Characteristic shear strength fvk=fvko+0.4xfd (EC6 3.6.2)

fvk=0.150+0.40x0.353= 0.291N/mm, maxfvk=

1.000N/mm, fvk= 0.291N/mm (EC6 Eq.3.5)

Design shear resistance of masonry Vrd=fvk.t.Lc/

(EC6 6.2, Eq.6.13)

Vrd=1000x0.291x0.30x4.15/1.50= 241.5 kN
Vsd= 70.1kN <= 241.5kN =Vrd.

(EC6 6.2)

The ultimate limit state for shear loading is verified)

Regions with concentrated loads (EC6, 6.1.3)
The maximum compressive stresses at the beam supports are obtained from the
finite element solution. Because at the wall top always exists a bond beam
from reinforced concrete, we check the stresses at a lower level.
Maximum compressive stress in stress concentration region fsdmax= 0.782N/mm
Maximum stress 0.782 N/mm is <= fk/
=1.636/1.5=1.091 N/mm
The strength requirements for concentrated loads are verified (EC6 6.1.3.eq.(6.9))

FDRA RUNET
software by RUNET (c)

Design firm ..........

Pg. 32
18/06/2012 11:34:43 AM

Masonry design
Top confining beam of reinforced concrete (EC6 6.1.3.(7), 8.2)
On the top of the wall and the top of the openings, small tensile stresses are taken
from reinforced concrete bond beams or lintels 30x20 (width x height in cm),
with minimum reinforcement 4

FEDRA RUNET
software by RUNET (c)

12 (stirrups

Design firm ..........

8/20).

Pg. 33
18/06/2012 11:34:43 AM

Masonry Foundation
Masonry wall foundation
Soil bearing pressure qu= 0.20 [MPa=N/mm]
Foundation of wall:

W1
Dimensions: length= 6.00m, height= 3.00m, thickness= 0.30m
Total vertical load Nosd=1.35x 180.0+1.50x
35.9=
296.9 kN
Load per unit wall length +foot self weight Nsd= 51 kN/m
For footing width=0.50 m, qsoil=0.001x51/0.50=0.10MPa
Nsd=51kN/m<100kN/m=1000x0.20x0.50=Rd Soil bearing capacity (EC7 6.5.2)

Foundation of wall:

W2
Dimensions: length= 10.00m, height= 3.00m, thickness= 0.30m
Total vertical load Nosd=1.35x 178.8+1.50x
15.4=
264.5 kN
Load per unit wall length +foot self weight Nsd= 28 kN/m
For footing width=0.50 m, qsoil=0.001x28/0.50=0.06MPa
Nsd=28kN/m<100kN/m=1000x0.20x0.50=Rd Soil bearing capacity (EC7 6.5.2)

Foundation of wall:

W3
Dimensions: length= 6.00m, height= 3.00m, thickness= 0.30m
Total vertical load Nosd=1.35x 180.0+1.50x
35.9=
296.9 kN
Load per unit wall length +foot self weight Nsd= 51 kN/m
For footing width=0.50 m, qsoil=0.001x51/0.50=0.10MPa
Nsd=51kN/m<100kN/m=1000x0.20x0.50=Rd Soil bearing capacity (EC7 6.5.2)

Foundation of wall:

W4

Dimensions: length= 10.00m, height= 3.00m, thickness= 0.30m

Total vertical load Nosd=1.35x 183.0+1.50x
15.4=
270.1 kN
Load per unit wall length +foot self weight Nsd= 29 kN/m
For footing width=0.50 m, qsoil=0.001x29/0.50=0.06MPa
Nsd=29kN/m<100kN/m=1000x0.20x0.50=Rd Soil bearing capacity (EC7 6.5.2)

Foundation of wall:

W5
Dimensions: length= 6.00m, height= 3.00m, thickness= 0.30m
Total vertical load Nosd=1.35x 372.3+1.50x
87.9=
634.5 kN
Load per unit wall length +foot self weight Nsd= 108 kN/m
For footing width=0.54 m, qsoil=0.001x108/0.54=0.20MPa
Nsd=108kN/m<108kN/m=1000x0.20x0.54=Rd Soil bearing capacity (EC7 6.5.2)