Israel Surrenders January 21, 2012 United States Government Retreats to Iron Mountain Israel Scattered It should be mentioned

here that the Strategic Command of the United States has its hands full as the entire U.S. Government has a Code-Blue predicament. Uncountable UFOs from the 51st Constellation of Lepus and Orions Belt have appeared all over the world. The Historical Tower of Babel

The Knesset

Star of David Numerical Code of the Star of David, - 526 / 56 861 + 411 = 129 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article is about the use of the hexagram as a Jewish symbol. For other uses, see HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexagram" \o "Hexagram" Hexagram.

A hexagram (Greek) or sexagram (Latin) is a six-pointed geometric HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_figure" \o "Star figure" star figure, {6|2}, 2{3}, or {{3}}, which is a 526 Hexagon cunningly used against the Jews under the orders of Thutmosis III. Ahmose II, the biblical Moses as High Priest, cursed the Jews snowwhite in 526BC. The same year Amen Hotep left Egypt for North America, I loved Ishmael so much, that I called my son out of Egypt (America) see Genesis, Hosea and the Book of Revelation concerning Ishmael/Abraham. to Moses in which to hang and decapitate, A Stiff Necked People. The compound number consists of two HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equilateral" \o "Equilateral" equilateral HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangles" \o "Triangles" triangles. The intersection is a regular HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexagon" \o "Hexagon" hexagon.

For the LORD had said to Moses, Say to the people of Israel, You are a stiff-necked people; if for a single moment I should go up among you, I would consume you. So now Remove your jewelry and fine clothes while I decide what to do with you." Exodus 33:5 Note: Exodus 33:5 is a numerical 56 as well as an 11/2, or simple put, also a 526.

Ye stiff-necked and uncircumcised in heart and ears, ye do always resist the Holy Ghost: as your fathers did, so do ye. Acts 7:51 (King James Cambridge Edition) "I stick my neck out for nobody." ~ Quoting Humphrey Bogart's Rick Blaine in Casablanca.

There is a destiny which makes us brothers, none goes his way alone, all that we send into the lives of others, comes back into our own. Edwin Markham, The Creed

The Knesset plenum (November 21, 1988). The "guillotines" can be seen clearly above the gallery

The Plenum Hall The wall behind the Speaker's dais at the plenum was designed by Israeli sculptor Dani

Karavan (born in Tel Aviv in 1932). The piece is entitled "Pray for the peace of Jerusalem! May those who love her prosper!" (from Psalms 122:6); its theme is of "Jerusalem between heaven and earth." The wall is 20 meters wide and 7.5 meters high. It is comprised of Galilee stones sized 2 by 1 meters, chiseled by local stonemasons. The sculptor wanted to create a piece that would be simple and pleasant to look at, as it serves as a background for all speakers on the Knessets dais. A portrait etched on a zinc tablet of Benjamin Zeev Herzl, visionary of the State, hangs on the left side of the wall, and the flag of Israel is in its center. The original planning of the plenum hall designated a high ceiling, reaching the roof of the building. It was also planned that the plenum would have natural light from numerous windows placed on the ceiling. It was later decided to mount a hanging ceiling to be placed under the original ceiling, made of 12 white "goal posts" designed by Dani Karavan. The popular name for the hanging goal posts is the guillotines, for their shape. Each post weighs approximately 300 kilograms. The decision for designing a hanging ceiling was made due to the height of the original ceiling in comparison with the decorated wall at the front of the hall. It was also claimed by the architects that the goal posts will help improve the acoustics of the hall and provide better light, as the natural light did not spread equally across the plenum. The windows in the original ceiling were painted black and replaced with 48 spotlights fixated behind glass plates. Smaller light bulbs were set on the ceiling's lower level.

The phrase Goal Posts is an alphanumeric 142 which represents the amount of abominations the State of Israel has committed since 526 BC to the present time, including the here-to-fore mystic Kitchen Sink which represents the State of Israels Slave Trade of Blacks in America which were then included among the Kitchawank and Sintsinck. There are 142 abominations of God listed in the King James version of the bible.

THE AMEN NATION and the ABOMINATION OF DESOLATION And I shall make out of him (Ishmael) a great nation

"Therefore when you see the ABOMINATION OF DESOLATION which was spoken of through Daniel the prophet, standing in the holy place (let the reader understand),

"When you see 'the abomination that causes desolation' standing where it does not belong--let the reader understand--then let those who are in Judea flee to the mountains. Mark 13:14 "The day is coming when you will see the sacrilegious object that causes desecration standing where he should not be." (Reader, pay attention!) "Then those in Judea must flee to the hills. New Living Translation of Mark 13:14

OBAMAS NATION 7.6 billion Blacks murdered from 526BC to January 2012

The Kitchen Sink hits Israel The Land of Canaan as Kanana, Kinakhna and Kinakhkhi

In the Tell-el-Amarna tablets Canaan is found under the forms of Kinakhna and Kinakhkhi. Under the name of Kanana the Canaanites appear on HYPERLINK "http://christiananswers.net/dictionary/egypt.html" Egyptian monuments, wearing a HYPERLINK "http://christiananswers.net/dictionary/coatofmail.html" coat of mail and HYPERLINK "http://christiananswers.net/dictionary/helmet.html" helmet, and distinguished by the use of spear and HYPERLINK "http://christiananswers.net/dictionary/javelin.html" javelin and the HYPERLINK "http://christiananswers.net/dictionary/battle-axe.html" battleaxe. They were called HYPERLINK "http://christiananswers.net/dictionary/phoenicia.html"

Phoenicians by the HYPERLINK "http://christiananswers.net/dictionary/greek.html" Greeks and Poeni by the HYPERLINK "http://christiananswers.net/dictionary/rome.html" Romans. They were famous as merchants and seamen, as well as for their artistic skill. The chief object of their worship was the HYPERLINK "http://christiananswers.net/dictionary/sun.html" sungod.

The two Native American Tribes of Kitchawank and Sintsinck form the names Kinakhna, Kinakhkhi and Kanana. Found here also is the word Hawk which is the National Symbol for the Ancient Egyptians in Kanana. The names of these tribes also form the phrase, Kitchan Sink (Kitchen Sink). There is an old phrase which is rendered, They through everything at us but the kitchen sink.

Every household around the world has a kitchen, where food is prepared as well as a sink where one washes the dishes. Here we find the letter e to make the Kitchen sink complete. Within the word Sink we find the name of the Moon God Sin. We also find embedded in the word kitchen the word Chicken which provides us with another Native American Tribe named Chickenhominy. Jacky Gleason made the name of this tribe well known to those who in the know when he continuously used the phrase, Homina Homina Homina in the famous television show entitled, The Honeymooners. Within the name Chicken-hominy we also find the name of the Egyptian God of fertility, the Pharaoh Min. We also find the first two letters in the name Horus as well as Hotep and the first three letters in the name of the Country of Kenya. It was do to the Country of Kenya where J. Edgar Hoover made his special cry of policy, - Prevent the Rise of a Black Messiah who will electrify and unify the masses or we will have another Mau Mau war on our hands. The Mau-Mau War originated in Kenya and nearly eliminated the white race as we know it. The word Mau-Mau is where one finds the word, - Meow whereas the name Mau was given by the Ancient Egyptians for the male cat who has nine-lives. This brings us right into the name of IMHOTEP as the Architect of the Universe, - pronounced I AM HOTEP, - and

therefore the I AM of the scriptures. The number 9 signifies the 9 Steps of the Pyramid and therefore the finality of Gods Master Plan. This brings us to the number 6 which is the basic number of the white race whereas God created them on The Sixth Day. The Jewish Menorah, named after the Pharaoh Men, The Sun God Oris as well as Amenhotep II has alternate candles, Seven for the Jewish people proper and Nine for the Rabbis in the Synagogue. The numbers 97 or 79 is found alphanumerically embedded in the name of Amenhotep, the Pharaoh (God) of Moses, known historically as both Ah-mose Anka as well as Ahmose II. Here, the first two letters of the Princes name are listed as A H which signifies his Lord as Amen Hotep. In the Jewish scriptures it is written that the Jews would be called by his name MEN with the letter A signifying the Pyramid and its completion at the appropriate time. This withholding of the letter A was placed of the American One Dollar Bill along with the Eye of the Pyramid which is left uncompleted. The word Pyramid stands for the first to letters Py, which is an alphanumeric 25/16 signifying Amen Hotep as the First Pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty and not the Seventh as is normally regarded as such. Here then we have the number 1.526 which stands for the year 526BC when the Jews were cursed white by Moses, also standing for the year Amenhotep left The Lords Prayer and journeyed to North America in order to come together with the Neters of the West. As previously mentioned, the number 79 is embedded in the name Amenhotep which denotes that on his Return he would complete, The Plan. The European Jews use a Shamash Candle as the Ninth Candle of the Menorah which is placed in the middle of the other 8 candles of the Synagogues Hannaka. Here we have the name of Israel as Kanana as well as the first and last letters in the name of Amenhotep, proving that all Jews realize the true name of the State of Israel as Kanana. On the Menorah we find four candles on the left-hand side as well as Four candles on the righthand split in the middle with the Shamash candle. This arrangement provides us with the number forty-four with the Shamash Candle at its center representing the number One for the mystic number 144 as well as the number 98/17 which is also reduced to the number 88 as well the number 97/79 together with the number 18 which stands for the 18th Dynasty of Amenhotep as well as the year 1798 when Napolean took a canon and blew the nose off of the

Sphinx in order to hide the physical features of Amenhotep when he was do to arrive with a birth date of 12.26.1956 in the West. Finally regarding the Menorah, we find the alphanumeric number embedded within the Ancient Egyptian God of Treachery named SET. Here let us last regard that when we add up the letters of the alphabet in the name SET we find the year of Amenhoteps Return as 1956 followed by the number 20, when this word is written out we find the numbers 129/76 which stands for this authors full name as a reduced 129 to 39 as well as the first two letters of his last name, being Powell. This gives us, when 129 is added to the number 76, denoting the Declaration of Independence which the Blacks of America have never received. The sum total of this equation, - 129 + 76 = 205 The number 25 here, when Twenty is written out, plus the number 5 we find the year 526BC along with the number 315 as well as a 613. It was on Friday the 13th in 526 BC when the Jews were cursed white in the month of June. These numbers represent June as the sixth month followed by the number 613 which brings us up to the number 124 which is historically found to be the number 142. There are 142 Abominations of God listed by the King James version of t he bible. Gods name must equal a Seven. The name of Eric Robert Powell, when each name is added separately as a 35.78.29 produces the number of 142 while the full name written out as a 35.51.38 brings us a total figure of 124. Lastly when the full name is added together as 26.51.38, which totals a 115, we find the number 186 which represents the speed of light, - As lightning flashes from the East to the West, so shall the coming of the Son of Man be, followed by the number 526, a 315 and a 613 and finally an 8.6.11 and an 8.6.2 which represents Mr. Powells tri-fold name as an 8.6.11 and an 8.6.2 which brings us back to the original number of 25/16.

Staggering number of missing Blacks fuel speculation of human trafficking By Nayaba Arinde

Amsterdam News

NEW YORK (NNPA) One of the great undiscussed dilemmas plaguing this city is the number of runaways and abducted children. The numbers are staggering. AMBER Ready Inc./Foundation states that annually about 800,000 children are reported missing in America. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime defines human trafficking as the acquisition of people by improper means such as force, fraud or deception, with the aim of exploiting them. In New York, we have an epidemic of missing and alleged runaways who are actually victims of criminal groups who are profiting off of their sexual labor, declared retired detective Marquez Claxton. Local law enforcement, in spite of federal funding, does not adequately address or even acknowledge the existence of human trafficking operations that are expanding throughout the Black and Latino community. Many of the listed runaways are actually victims of human trafficking. Law enforcement in general only discusses human trafficking in terms of the Asian and Latino immigrant population while ignoring the threat to young and under-aged indigenous Black and Latino women. In response to a series of questions, the police department told the Amsterdam News that they did have federal funds to investigate human trafficking. A Sgt. Nieves told the paper, There is a unit in the police department that falls under the Organized Crime Control Bureau. The police department does receive funds from the government. Deputy Commissioner of Public Information Paul Browne added, The NYPDs Organized Crime Control Bureau has detectives dedicated to the investigation of human trafficking in which, typically, young women are exploited for purposes of prostitution. Browne added, So far this year, the NYPD has arrested over 200 individuals (and 366 last

year) engaged in the promotion of prostitution which, as I said earlier, is often the ultimate outcome of human trafficking. A mother, wanting to remain anonymous, recently contacted the Amsterdam News distraught that her daughter had been missing for several days. She feared the 16-year-old had fallen victim to a prostitution ring. While this particular story has a happy ending with the teenaged girl being found hours later after news coverage and various phone calls helped create something of a groundswell, the childs mother complained about how law enforcement refused to label the case abduction, as opposed to a runaway. Our young girls between the ages of 11 and 16 are disappearing at alarming rates in our communities, said Tulani Kinard, activist and Brooklyn City Council candidate. Much too often they are being written off as runaways. There is a definite rise in human trafficking, whether by abduction or being lured into a situation from which there is no return. Once the label of being a runaway is associated with a missing child police report, the case is easily put aside and forgotten. I am advocating that more state funds are allocated to support New Yorks landmark Safe Harbor for Exploited Youth Act. We have to protect our children. As they prepare to launch the nations first wireless child protection service and community predator program, AMBER Ready, Inc. and the AMBER Ready Foundation declared that as 50 million of Americas children will return to school this fall; by summer, 1 million of them will be classified as missing or abducted. Working to reduce this number and to quickly recover those who are away from home, AMBER Ready, Inc. and the AMBER Ready Foundation will host the AMBER Ready Back-to-School Safety Weekend in Times Square, August 15-16. Calling it Child Safety in the palm of your hand, Kai D. Patterson, president and founder of AMBER Ready, said that the AMBER Ready Program incorporates a major technological advance in the effort to find missing or abducted children. Research has shown that missing or abducted children not recovered in the first four hours likely never will be. The program enables parents and guardians to store their childrens photo, description and other valuable information in a profile in their wireless multimedia phones. Patterson continued that if the unfortunate situation ever occurs, an AMBERReady subscriber can immediately transfer information to their local law enforcement agency, media stations,

airports, and the AMBER Alert network, saving valuable time AMBER Ready Inc./Foundation states that an estimated 1.3 million children actually go missing each year going up 468 percent from 1982 to 2000. Blacks and Latinos, the least informed about what to do when children are abducted, equaled 65 percent of the total nonfamily abductions, with African Americans making up 42 percent of that group and Hispanics 23 percent. AMBER Ready Foundation Inc. insists that the ahead-of-time collation of vital data, including a photo and identifying characteristics; ultimately saves time in the instance that a search needs to be established. Patterson maintains that, while it varies state to state, there is typically more than a two hour delay in making initial children reports, and the vast majorities (74 percent) of abducted children who are murdered are dead within the first three hours of abduction. Meanwhile, the New York State Missing Childrens Report shows that the number of missing children has actually decreased since 2007. However, it remains a dangerous issue that affects the lives of children and their families, especially in New York City. Over 5,000 missing child cases were reported in 2008 within the five boroughs alone. An estimated 53 percent of the reported cases were for children ages 13-15; 49 percent of them were Black and 60 percent of them were female. The national number of missing children has decreased by three percent to 20,414 in the year 2008. According to Missing and Exploited Children Clearinghouse Annual Report, Nearly all missing children cases were reported as suspected runaways (92.3 percent). Abduction cases accounted for approximately one percent of the total reports, and abductions committed by family members comprised the most frequent form of abduction. There have been an increasing number of missing females in these cases. In 2008, missing females were up to a booming 94 percent from ages 13 and over. Statistics have shown that the number of male cases makes up 40 percent of the total number of missing children. According to a 2009 article in Police magazine, most runaways leave home as a result of discontent with their current status quo, whether it is financial, social or academic. However,

there is still no underlying cause of runaway cases, making it difficult for police intervention at times. For more information, call 1-866-60-AMBER or log on to www.amberready.com.

The American Blacks and the Aboriginal Tribes of the United States At the outset, from the word United we find the hidden Tribe of the Nuit originally based in Canada, and spelled as Kanada. From the Algonkian Confederation based in Yonkers, New York, across from Iron Mountain in New Jersey, the following Tribes: Manhattan Wecquaeseek Siwanoy Pachami Sintsinck Kitchawank Aquackanonk Tappan Nappeckamak

The Tribes Sintsinck and Kitchawank is where we find the original tribes which housed the Children of Ishmael, the only-begotten of Abraham the historical Hammur-abi and his son Erech, also known as Uruk as well as Ishme-Dagon and Ishme-Shamash. These tribes were placed into slavery by The Hudson Bay Company of British-Jewish Rite Freemasons known The Priory of Sion under the direction of all succeeding Popes starting with a Papal-Bull entitled, Dum Diversas in which perpetual enslavement of their persons, minds and property were to be realized. This Papal Bull remains in force to this day and was never rescinded.

The 24 Elders of the West Original home and source of the North American Blacks All Native Americans held pow-wows meaning Powells The Children of Amen and the House of Ishmael

The Origin of the word Slavery The 51st Constellation, The Hare and the Slavey

Slavey people From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For the language, see HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavey_language" \o "Slavey language" Slavey language. HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Slavey_girls_Mackenzie_River_Northwest_Territories__NA-1463-23.jpg" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/Slavey_girls_Mackenzie_River_North west_Territories_-_NA-1463-23.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Slavey_girls_Mackenzie_River_Northwest_Territories__NA-1463-23.jpg" \o "Enlarge" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET Slavey girls, HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mackenzie_River" \o "Mackenzie River" Mackenzie River, HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northwest_Territories" \o "Northwest Territories" Northwest Territories The Slavey (also Slave or Hare HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavey_people" \l "cite_note-0#cite_note-0" [1]) are a HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Nations" \o "First Nations" First Nations HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aboriginal_peoples_of_Canada" \o "Aboriginal peoples of Canada" aboriginal people of the HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dene" \o "Dene" Dene group, HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous_peoples" \o "Indigenous peoples" indigenous to the HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Slave_Lake" \o "Great Slave Lake" Great Slave Lake region, in HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada" \o "Canada" Canada's HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northwest_Territories" \o "Northwest Territories" Northwest Territories, and extending into northeastern HYPERLINK

"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Columbia" \o "British Columbia" British Columbia and northwestern HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberta" \o "Alberta" Alberta. Contents HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavey_people" \l "The_name#The_name" 1 The name HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavey_people" \l "See_also#See_also" 2 See also HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavey_people" \l "References#References" 3 References HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavey_people" \l "Further_reading#Further_reading" 4 Further reading HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavey_people" \l "External_links#External_links" 5 External links The name The Slavey also call themselves HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dene" \o "Dene" Dene. Because most HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athabaskan" \o "Athabaskan" Athabaskan peoples call themselves Dene, the word is of little use in English. However, the northern Slavey are also known as the HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahtu" \o "Sahtu" Saht. The southern band are known as the Deh Cho. HYPERLINK
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavey_people" \l "cite_note-1#cite_note-1" [2]

The names of the HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slave_River" \o "Slave River" Slave River, HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesser_Slave_River" \o "Lesser Slave River" Lesser Slave River, HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Slave_Lake" \o "Great Slave Lake" Great Slave Lake and HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesser_Slave_Lake" \o "Lesser Slave Lake" Lesser Slave Lake all derive from this Cree name for their enemies, though not necessarily from the people now known as Slavey in English. See also HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavey_language" \o "Slavey language" Slavey language HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broken_Slavey" \o "Broken Slavey" Broken Slavey

References HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavey_people" \l "cite_ref-0#cite_ref0" ^ HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Gordon_Latham" \o "Robert Gordon Latham" Robert Gordon Latham (1850). HYPERLINK "http://books.google.com/books?id=zOFAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA303" \l "v=onepage&f=false" The natural history of the varieties of man. J. Van Voorst. p. 303. HYPERLINK "http://books.google.com/books?id=zOFAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA303" \l "v=onepage&f=false" http://books.google.com/books? id=zOFAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA303#v=onepage&f=false. HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavey_people" \l "cite_ref-1#cite_ref1" ^ HYPERLINK "http://www.dehcho.org" http://www.dehcho.org Further reading Asch, Michael. Slavey Indians. [S.l: s.n, 1978. External links HYPERLINK "http://www.bced.gov.bc.ca/abed/images/map2.jpg" Map of Northwest Coast First Nations (including South Slavey (Dene-Tha) HYPERLINK "http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/cultural/northamerica/slavey.html" MNSU Slavey page HYPERLINK "http://www.calverley.ca/Part01-FirstNations/01-032.html" An account of interactions between Slaveys and George Hunter INCLUDEPICTURE "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12pxWikisource-logo.svg.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET " HYPERLINK "http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Slaves" \o "wikisource:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Slaves" Slaves". HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" \o "Catholic Encyclopedia" Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 1913. HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wawadit %27la(Mungo_Martin_House)_a_Kwakwaka%27wakw_big_house.jpg" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Wawadit%27la %28Mungo_Martin_House%29_a_Kwakwaka%27wakw_big_house.jpg/40pxWawadit%27la%28Mungo_Martin_House%29_a_Kwakwaka %27wakw_big_house.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET

This HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Nations" \o "First Nations" First Nations-related article is a HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" \o "Wikipedia:Stub" stub. You can help Wikipedia by HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Slavey_people&action=edit" expanding it.Retrieved from " HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Slavey_people&oldid=471075301" http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Slavey_people&oldid=471075301" HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Categories" \o "Special:Categories" Categories: HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:First_Nations_stubs" \o "Category:First Nations stubs" First Nations stubs HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Dene" \o "Category:Dene" Dene

The Hudson Bay Colony and The Dolphin The Hudson's Bay Company was one of the great merchant companies. Granted sole trading rights to a huge part what is now Canada they were coerced in the mid nineteenth century to set up a colonial administration on Vancouver Island to protect British interests at a time of growing expansionism from America to the south and possible threats from a Russian Alaska to the north.

Hudsons Bay Company territory 1670 to 1763 2001. Government of Canada with permission from Natural Resources Canada The territory that HBC had a monopoly in was very large - in theory. In reality, HBC only controlled a small area near Hudson Bay at this time. Furs were brought to them, so they saw little need to expand inland.

Henday enters the Blackfoot Camp, 1754 Franklin Arbuckle Reproduced with the permission of the Hudsons Bay Company From the HBC Corporate Collection Henday was born in England and joined HBC in 1750. In 1754, he left York Fort to try to contact First Nations peoples far from Hudson Bay. He hope to convince them to bring their furs to the bay instead of trading them with the French. He traveled as far west as what is now Alberta and realized that the French knew how to speak and trade with the First Nations peoples better than HBC did. He also noticed that the Cree would not let other First Nations bring their furs to HBC forts at Hudson Bay. This helped change the way HBC did business: Soon after, they began to send traders into the wilderness instead of waiting for the furs to come to the forts.

Henry Hudson and the Slave Trade The Fur People Dhahfur/Dafur

The Governors of the Hudsons Bay Company 1670-1983 Printed for Hudsons Bay and Annings Limited by Dramrite Printers Limited, London, England HBCA, PAM P-696 (N15000)

Printed to commemorate the visit of the Governor to Hudsons Bay House, London, 23 November 1983 Hudsons Bay Company Archives Provincial Archives of Manitoba Not to be reproduced without the permission of the Hudsons Bay Company Archives Researchers are responsible for copyright requirements

JONA SWALLOWED BY A BIG FISH - WALES -

The Hudson Colony and The Dolphin Slave Exposition

Samuel Hearne, Late Chief at Prince of Waless Fort, Hudsons Bay (Churchill) Artist unknown HBCA, PAM P-167 (N8329) Engraving, coloured, 1796 Hudsons Bay Company Archives Provincial Archives of Manitoba Not to be reproduced without the permission of the Hudsons Bay Company Archives Researchers are responsible for copyright requirements

Prince Rupert, First Governor of Hudsons Bay Company

Peter Lely Reproduced with the permission of Hudsons Bay Company From the HBC Corporate Collection

The Fur Loft at a Hudsons Bay Post

The Fur Loft at a Hudsons Bay Post Beckles Willson HBCA, PAM 1987/363-F-225/2 (N81-221E) Taken from The Great Company, pub. 1900 Hudsons Bay Company Archives Provincial Archives of Manitoba Not to be reproduced without the permission of the Hudsons Bay Company Archives Researchers are responsible for copyright requirements

Fort Prince of Wales, 1734 A.H. Hider Reproduced with the permission of Hudsons Bay Company From the HBC Corporate Collection

Ceremony of the Pipe Artist: E.N. (Edward North?) HBCA, PAM P-385 (N9033) HBCs 1921 calendar illustration Hudsons Bay Company Archives Provincial Archives of Manitoba Not to be reproduced without the permission of the Hudsons Bay Company Archives Researchers are responsible for copyright requirements Pipes and tobacco smoking are used in many First Nations ceremonies.

Map of major fur trade routes. 2001. Government of Canada with permission from Natural Resources Canada The route to the south was the one used first by the French, then by the North West Company. It was not as fast or as easy as the routes that went to Hudson Bay in the north. Those routes required much less portaging.

The Battle of Seven Oaks, 1816 Charles W. Jefferys HBCA, PAM P-378 (N87-8) HBCs 1914 calendar illustration Hudsons Bay Company Archives Provincial Archives of Manitoba Not to be reproduced without the permission of the Hudsons Bay Company Archives Researchers are responsible for copyright requirements Pipes and tobacco smoking are used in many First Nations ceremonies.

The Dolphin and Hudson Bay Co.

The people of the Sudan are originally from Darfur and the Country of Chad

The Fur People and the Slave Trade Fur people From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fur_people" \l "mw-head#mw-head" navigation, HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fur_people" \l "p-search#p-search" search Fur Total population about 500,000 in 1983 HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fur_people" \l "cite_note-0#cite_note-0" [1], about 744,000 as of 2004 HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fur_people" \l "cite_note-1#cite_note-1" [2] Regions with significant populations HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudan" \o "Sudan" Sudan, mainly HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darfur" \o "Darfur" Darfur. Languages HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fur_language" \o "Fur language" Fur language, HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic" \o "Arabic" Arabic Religion HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunni" \o "Sunni" Sunni HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" \o "Islam" Islam HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fur_map.png" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Fur_map.png" \*

MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bandera_Darfur.svg" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Bandera_Darfur.svg/220pxBandera_Darfur.svg.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bandera_Darfur.svg" \o "Enlarge" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnifyclip.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET Flag of the Fur national movement The Fur (fr in HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fur_language" \o "Fur language" Fur, in HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_language" \o "Arabic language" Arabic) are an ethnic group from western HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudan" \o "Sudan" Sudan, principally inhabiting the region of HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darfur" \o "Darfur" Darfur where they are the largest tribe. HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fur_people" \l "cite_note-jg9307-2#cite_note-jg9307-2" [3] They are a Western Sudanese people who practice HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedentary" \o "Sedentary" sedentary herding and agriculture, mainly the cultivation of HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millet" \o "Millet" millet. Their society is a traditional one governed by village elders. They speak HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fur_language" \o "Fur language" Fur, a HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nilo-Saharan_languages" \o "Nilo-Saharan languages" NiloSaharan language, and are HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim" \o "Muslim" Muslims, having adopted the religion following the region's conquest by the HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanem_Empire" \o "Kanem Empire" Kanem-Bornu Empire during the HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Ages" \o "Middle Ages" Middle Ages. Some of them have come to speak HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_language" \o "Arabic language" Arabic in recent years. The name of Darfur comes from the name of this tribe and means "the home of the Fur". Most of the well known governors of Darfur such as HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deriage&action=edit&redlink=1" \o "Deriage (page does not exist)" Deriage and HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Tegani_Seisei&action=edit&redlink=1" \o "Tegani Seisei (page does not exist)" Tegani Seisei are members of the Fur. The Fur established the historical HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultanate_of_Darfur" \o "Sultanate of Darfur" Sultanate of Darfur which governed Darfur until 1916 (see HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Darfur" \o "History of Darfur" History of Darfur). HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Wahid_al_Nur" \o "Abdul Wahid al Nur"

Abdul Wahid al Nur, a leader among the Fur, HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fur_people" \l "cite_note-WhoAre3#cite_note-WhoAre-3" [4] established the HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudan_Liberation_Movement" \o "Sudan Liberation Movement" Sudan Liberation Movement and Army. Another leader of the tribe, as of 2007, is Ahmed Abdelshafi (Toba). HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fur_people" \l "cite_note-jg9307-2#cite_note-jg9307-2" [3] The traditional heartland of the Fur is the mountainous region around HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jebel_S%C3%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" \o "Jebel S (page does not exist)" Jebel S and HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jebel_Marra" \o "Jebel Marra" Jebel Marra Wadi Salih and Zaligi; today, however, most of them live in the lower country west and southwest of that area, between 11-14 N and 23-26 E. Some Fur live across the border in HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" \o "Chad" Chad, many of them HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refugees" \o "Refugees" refugees. The Furs' lifestyle has led to conflict with the nomadic HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baggara" \o "Baggara" Baggara, cattle-herders of the region, concerning access to water and grazing land, particularly in Darfur's central HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jebel_Marra" \o "Jebel Marra" Jebel Marra mountains where the best agricultural land is to be found. This has been the source of ethnic tensions for many years, culminating in the HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darfur_conflict" \o "Darfur conflict" Darfur conflict which began in 2003. Many Fur villagers were massacred in the ethnic fighting as HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mahria&action=edit&redlink=1" \o "Mahria (page does not exist)" Mahria and HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Terjem&action=edit&redlink=1" \o "Terjem (page does not exist)" Terjem tribes divided up land they conquered from the Fur, according to a September 3, 2007 HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Times" \o "New York Times" New York Times account citing United Nations officials and Fur survivors. HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fur_people" \l "cite_note-jg93072#cite_note-jg9307-2" [3]

The Fur are well-known for their Muslim piety. HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fur_people" \l "cite_note4#cite_note-4" [5] They are also well-known for being very proud of their HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_African" \o "Black African" Black African identity, the main reason behind the Fur's opposition to all governments that have been ruling Sudan since 1956 and led by central and northern Sudan HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab" \o "Arab" Arab elites. Although they are well-known for their Muslim piety, their Islam is very much mixed with their African traditions and customs. For many Fur African traditions are more important than the Islamic instructions. Approximately all new Fur intellectuals are

secular and tend to support the idea of New Sudan that was created by John Garang De Mabiour, the founder of the HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudan_People %27s_Liberation_Movement/Army" \o "Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Army" Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Army. Contents [ HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fur_people" hide] HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fur_people" \l "Identity#Identity" 1 Identity HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fur_people" \l "Culture#Culture" 2 Culture HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fur_people" \l "Language#Language" 2.1 Language HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fur_people" \l "Art#Art" 2.2 Art HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fur_people" \l "Dance#Dance" 2.2.1 Dance HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fur_people" \l "Hand-made_art#Handmade_art" 2.2.2 Hand-made art HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fur_people" \l "Music.2C_stories_and_entertainment#Music.2C_stories_and_entertainment" 2.2.3 Music, stories and entertainment HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fur_people" \l "Architecture#Architecture" 2.2.4 Architecture HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fur_people" \l "Attire_and_body_art#Attire_and_body_art" 2.2.5 Attire and body art HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fur_people" \l "Social_structure#Social_structure" 2.3 Social structure HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fur_people" \l "Social_behavior#Social_behavior" 2.4 Social behavior HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fur_people" \l "Roles_of_Men_and_Women#Roles_of_Men_and_Women" 2.4.1 Roles of Men and Women HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fur_people" \l "Eating#Eating" 2.4.2 Eating HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fur_people" \l "Economic_base#Economic_base" 2.5 Economic base

HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fur_people" \l "Institutions#Institutions" 2.6 Institutions HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fur_people" \l "History#History" 2.7 History HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fur_people" \l "Political_situation#Political_situation" 2.7.1 Political situation HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fur_people" \l "References#References" 2.8 References [ HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Fur_people&action=edit&section=1" \o "Edit section: Identity" edit] Identity The Fur are the largest ethnic group in the Darfur region of western Sudan. They are also sometimes referred to by the names Fora, Fordunga, Furawi, Konjara or Kungara. They are an active agricultural people and may also herd cattle. Some Fur families who have accumulated a substantial cattle herd developed a more nomadic lifestyle like that of their herding neighbors, the Baqqara (Baggara) Arabs. Culturally, those cattle-herding Fur are now considered to be Baqqara. The Fur are nominally Sunni Muslims following the Maliki school of Islamic law. [ HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Fur_people&action=edit&section=2" \o "Edit section: Culture" edit] Culture [ HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Fur_people&action=edit&section=3" \o "Edit section: Language" edit] Language See also: HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fur_language" \o "Fur language" Fur language The Fur speak a fairly uniform HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nilo-Saharan" \o "Nilo-Saharan" Nilo-Saharan language also called HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fur_language" \o "Fur language" Fur. Though they may speak Arabic in order to relate to their Arabic neighbors and the Sudanese central government, they very much retain their traditional identity. There is no written or symbolic script for the Fur language. They recently have been using Arabic or English characters to put the language in written form. Most Fur people speak Fur fluently as their mother tongue. Common greetings include: Avilakoa: Good Morning Avilakonu: Good Evening Heavy drums are often used while making speeches and other public addresses. HYPERLINK
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fur_people" \l "cite_note-5#cite_note-5" [6]

[ HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Fur_people&action=edit&section=4" \o "Edit section: Art" edit] Art [ HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Fur_people&action=edit&section=5" \o "Edit section: Dance" edit] Dance The Fur tribe's dance style is unique to the region. Some of the main dances in the tribe are Nogara, Firalubia and Dukkei, which are performed on special occasions such as weddings, the birth of a child, and other important events. [ HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Fur_people&action=edit&section=6" \o "Edit section: Hand-made art" edit] Hand-made art The Fur people make their own hand made art and utensils. These include Talak which is used for cleaning pots. Talak looks like a sponge. Birish which is a carpet for sitting and Gada which is a wood plate or bowl used for important occasions. [ HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Fur_people&action=edit&section=7" \o "Edit section: Music, stories and entertainment" edit] Music, stories and entertainment In the Fur tribe stories are told to keep children safe from the outside world. These stories are designed to keep children close to home. In some stories children are told that if they go out in the morning they will die from the heat of the sun, and in the night they are told if they go out an animal called nyama will eat them. Fur music is very popular in their culture. The main instruments are drums. The music is played with a heavy drumbeat that accompanies their celebrations. [ HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Fur_people&action=edit&section=8" \o "Edit section: Architecture" edit] Architecture There is one common type of architecture in homes and buildings, which is called guttiya. Guttiya is a mud house; this is no longer practical because it could catch fire very easily.
[ HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" \o "Wikipedia:Citation needed" citation needed]

[ HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Fur_people&action=edit&section=9" \o "Edit section: Attire and body art" edit] Attire and body art Clothes in the tribe are similar to what is worn in Sudan. They wear casual Sudanese clothes like Jalabiya. The jalabiya is a white garment that covers the wearer from head to toe. A long time ago, when the Fur tribe was HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabized" \o "Arabized" arabized, Fur women used to poke their lower lip many times until the lip starts to

swell. These HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Dents&action=edit&redlink=1" \o "Dents (page does not exist)" dents were considered as a sign of beauty. HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fur_people" \l "cite_note-6#cite_note-6" [7] [ HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Fur_people&action=edit&section=10" \o "Edit section: Social structure" edit] Social structure In the social structure of the Fur tribe, they do not have so much regard for their wealth. A poor leader and a rich leader can become a chief. The experience of a man is based primarily on his knowledge of the Quran. A man cannot even get married if he does not know a couple pages of this text. The Quran is studied with the help of a hand-held board shaped object known as the lohh and a wooden stylus called a kalam. The Fur tribesmans knowledge of the Quran determines their position on the tribes hierarchy ladder. For example, a tribesman must know almost the whole book to attain position as chieftain. The Fur tribe also has its own crafts for entertainment. These include dance-games like ALLE(all-eh) and toys like Burajei. Burajei is a small doll-like toy made from a camels back. It is bound by rope and sewn by thorns. [ HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Fur_people&action=edit&section=11" \o "Edit section: Social behavior" edit] Social behavior When greeting each other, a woman and a man have different methods of respect. The woman must kneel down before the man and the man must slow his pace. Different sexes can also dance together but are forbidden to touch or live with each other unless they are family. Men and women usually get married in their late teens to their early twenties. The groom and wife will meet each other and get to know about them, their accomplishments and other important attributes. If everything goes well they will proceed to wed. [ HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Fur_people&action=edit&section=12" \o "Edit section: Roles of Men and Women" edit] Roles of Men and Women The men bear the family name. They work to bring money to the family and are responsible for all important decisions related to the family, such as finances and marriages. The women get water, prepare the food, and ensure the cleanliness of the home. Daughters normally help their mothers, milk the cows, and stay at home. Sons rear and herd cattle along with the domesticated cows. If either of these two misbehave they similarly punished by their elders. Also, it is disrespectful look an adult in the eyes. HYPERLINK

"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fur_people" \l "cite_note-7#cite_note-7" [8]

[ HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Fur_people&action=edit&section=13" \o "Edit section: Eating" edit] Eating Sudan is well known for its Guhwah HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee" \o "Coffee" coffee served from a jebena, a special Sudanese pot. The coffee beans are roasted in this pot over charcoal, then ground with HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloves" \o "Cloves" cloves and other spices. The grounds are HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steeping" \o "Steeping" steeped in hot water and the coffee is served in tiny cups after straining it through a HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grass" \o "Grass" grass HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sieve" \o "Sieve" sieve. HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea" \o "Tea" Tea or chai is also very popular and served in small glasses without milk. Some beverages enjoyed in the non-Islamic areas are Aragi, a clear strong spirit made from dates, merissa, a type of beer and tedj, or wines, made from dates or honey. Sudanese cuisine is as varied as its cultures, especially in the south, but it has certain unique characteristics. Millet porridge and fool medamas, a savory dish of mashed fava beans, are popular breakfast foods in the north. Lamb and chicken are often eaten, but pork is prohibited to Muslims. Wheat, and dura sorghum, are the staple starches. Breads include the Arabian khubz, and kisra, an omelette-like pancake which is part of the Sudanese dinner. Maschi, a beef and tomato dish, is also typical. Fruits are peeled for dessert and a favourite treat is creme caramel. In the south, dinner is served on a low, bare table. There may be five or six dishes to dip into with large pieces of flatbread. These dishes are accompanied by a salad and shata, a red-hot spice mixture served in small dishes. After the meal, dessert is served, then tea. On special occasions incense may be lit. The ritual of hospitality is important in Sudan. [ HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Fur_people&action=edit&section=14" \o "Edit section: Economic base" edit] Economic base Families in the Fur tribe have many types of families. Porundia, or nuclear families, are a very common type. They normally have 2 or more children. In a typical Fur family the parents of the groom and wife will be taken care of until they die. In a Fur marriage, the groom's father goes to the bride's father and asks for his son's permission to marry. The bride's father does not give an answer immediately, but then asks the village for its opinion. If everyone approves, the bride's father accepts. The whole village gathers for the announcement of the marriage, and preparations are made. Then the marriage starts in the groom's house. The HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imam" \o "Imam" imam

recites words from the HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quran" \o "Quran" Quran. The groom and hold hands during this time. After the wedding, the family and guests have lunch, then they start a lively dance called firalubia. Then the bride and groom are taken to the bride's house and given food during which everyone says congratulations (mabrouk in Arabic). [ HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Fur_people&action=edit&section=15" \o "Edit section: Institutions" edit] Institutions Islam is the major religion in the Fur tribe although some still practice their own religion. The schools called (Kalwa) in this region teach the HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quran" \o "Quran" Quran. Classes begin at 67 years and they continue learning the Quran (though not entirely in school) for the rest of their lives. Normal schooling is also practiced in these schools. The main occupation here is farming. The Fur people are excellent farmers. They grow and harvest wheat, herbs, spices, etc. Wealth is not really important for the Fur people. Only his knowledge of the Quran determines his altitude. [ HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Fur_people&action=edit&section=16" \o "Edit section: History" edit] History The Fur tribe came from southern Africa to the northwest of Sudan where they settled in Darfur. They had 36 sultanates. The Fur were also one of the first people from other tribes in the country who were picked to build the wall covering and mosque surrounding the HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaaba" \o "Kaaba" Kaaba. HYPERLINK
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fur_people" \l "cite_note-8#cite_note-8" [9]

[ HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Fur_people&action=edit&section=17" \o "Edit section: Political situation" edit] Political situation Until 1916, the Fur were ruled by an independent sultanate and were oriented politically to peoples in Chad. Though the ruling dynasty before that time, as well as the common people, had long been Muslims they have not been HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabization" \o "Arabization" arabized. They are now incorporated into the Sudan political system. The Fur had been basically independent from the 17th century. After British reconquest in 1899, the British approved the re-establishment of the Fur Sultanate, assumed by Ali Dinar when the Mahdist movement crumbled. HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahdi" \o "Mahdi" Mahdist revolts continued to break out in Sudan until 1916. The fall of Darfur was actually decided, however, when Ali Dinar declared loyalty to the HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" \o "Ottoman Empire" Ottoman Empire in HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I" \o

"World War I" World War I. The British abolished the HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fur_Sultanate" \o "Fur Sultanate" Fur Sultanate in 1916 after Dinar died in battle. In World War I Darfur made a bid for independence by allying with HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" \o "Turkey" Turkey against the British. However, the British conquered Darfur in 1916, and since then it has been part of Sudan. Since the 1970s, the Darfur area has suffered some of the effects of the northern Arab war prosecuted in the south against Southern tribes who wanted to secede from the Sudan. War has been the primary factor in the last few decades of the Darfur area. A civil war lasted about 20 years until the end of the 20th Century. A new conflict arose in 2003, involving local Arab HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Militia" \o "Militia" militia called HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janjaweed" \o "Janjaweed" Janjaweed attacking the African peoples village by village in a campaign of terror, reportedly supported by the Sudanese military. [ HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Fur_people&action=edit&section=18" \o "Edit section: References" edit] References HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fur_people" \l "cite_ref-0#cite_ref-0" ^ HYPERLINK "http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=fvr" Ethnologue report for language code:fvr HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fur_people" \l "cite_ref-1#cite_ref-1" ^ HYPERLINK "http://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survivalquarterly/sudan/closer-look-sudanbrthe-peoples-darfur" The Peoples of Darfur: ^ HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fur_people" \l "cite_ref-jg9307_20#cite_ref-jg9307_2-0" a HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fur_people" \l "cite_ref-jg9307_2-1#cite_ref-jg9307_2-1" b HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fur_people" \l "cite_ref-jg9307_2-2#cite_ref-jg9307_2-2" c Gettleman, Jeffrey, "Chaos in Darfur on rise as Arabs fight with Arabs", news article, HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" \o "The New York Times" The New York Times, September 3, 2007, pp 1, A7 HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fur_people" \l "cite_ref-WhoAre_30#cite_ref-WhoAre_3-0" ^ HYPERLINK "http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7039360.stm" BBC Staff (24 February 2009) "Who are Sudan's Darfur rebels?" BBC News HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fur_people" \l "cite_ref-4#cite_ref-4" ^ HYPERLINK "http://www.guardian.co.uk/sudan/story/0,14658,1268773,00.html" [1] de Waal, Alex, "Darfur's deep grievances defy all hopes for an easy solution", opinion

article, HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Observer" \o "The Observer" The Observer of London, July 25, 2004, accessed September 4, 2007 HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fur_people" \l "cite_ref-5#cite_ref-5" ^ Hamed, Omer Ali. Personal interview. 28 Sept. 2009. HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fur_people" \l "cite_ref-6#cite_ref-6" ^ Hamed, Omer Ali. Personal interview. 4 Oct. 2009. HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fur_people" \l "cite_ref-7#cite_ref-7" ^ Hamed, Omer Ali. Personal interview. 8 Oct. 2009. HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fur_people" \l "cite_ref-8#cite_ref-8" ^ Hamed, Omer Ali. Personal interview. 15 Oct. 2009. Retrieved from " HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Fur_people&oldid=453113431" http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Fur_people&oldid=453113431"

Native American Indians of the East Coast Indian tribes have been listed in-groups or cultural areas. There are seven distinctive cultural areas in United States. Each native nation is as distinct in its customs, language and spirituality as is each European nation. Studying the British and German is as different as studying the Pequot and the Iroquis. Throughout the entire North American continent, there are ten groups and they speak about thirty different languages and six hundred dialects. The Eastern tribes lived in woodland along the coastline, covered with a variety of deciduous and coniferous trees. The Eastern Algonquian tribes wanted to maintain a balance of power and generally tried to find ways to accommodate the English colonists. They shared knowledge about environment, cultivated foods, medicines, established trails, and cleared lands. There was

a conflict between the native tribes and colonists since the tribes considered themselves as stewards of the land whereas the colonists wanted to own the land. Sexual division of labor was marked among the Algonquin tribes of New England who settled between the Kennebec River and Cape Cod. They were the Abenaki, Pawtucket, Massachuset, Narraganset, Pequot amd Wampanoag. The Iroquois confederacy consisted of the Mohawk, the Oneida, the Onondaga, the Cayuga and the Seneca. The Pequots were warriors and their name means "destroyers". There are two tribes: Mashantucket (Western Pequot) and Paucatuck (Eastern Pequot). During the Pequot war of 1637, when the colonists considered them as an evil force deserving destruction, 300 to 700 Pequots, mostly women, children and the elderly were trapped inside the fort. A peace treaty was signed with the colonists in 1638 and the tribe was dissolved. The warriors were executed. Women and children were sold as slaves in the West Indies or given as slaves. Powhatan was a confederacy of 30 tribes. The Meskwaki (sometimes spelled Mesquakie or Meskwahki) are a HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" \o "Native Americans in the United States" Native American people often known to outsiders as the Fox tribe. They have often been closely linked to the HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sauk" \o "Sauk" Sauk people. In their own language, the Meskwaki call themselves Meshkwahkihaki, which means "the Red-Earths." Historically their homelands were in the HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Lakes" \o "Great Lakes" Great Lakes region. The tribe coalesced in the HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Lawrence_River" \o "St. Lawrence River" St. Lawrence River Valley in HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontario" \o "Ontario" Ontario; it later moved to HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" \o "Michigan" Michigan, Wisconsin, Illinois, and Iowa. In the 19th century, Euro-American colonization and settlement proceeded, forcing resettlement of the people south into the HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tall_grass_prairie" \o "Tall grass prairie" tall grass prairie in the American Midwest. The Meskwaki, within the designation 'Sac and Fox,' currently have reservations in Iowa, Oklahoma, Kansas, and Nebraska. The name is derived from the Meskwaki creation myth, in which their HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_hero" \o "Culture hero" culture hero, Wisaka, created the first humans out of red clay. HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox_(Native_American)" \l "cite_note-0#cite_note-0" [1] The

name Fox originated from a French mistake of applying a HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clan" \o "Clan" clan 'fox' name to the entire tribe. AngloAmericans, including the United States government, adopted the French term Renards (the Foxes) into English. Meskwaki are of HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algonquian_peoples" \o "Algonquian peoples" Algonquian origin from the prehistoric HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodland_period" \o "Woodland period" Woodland period culture area. The HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meskwaki_language" \o "Meskwaki language" Meskwaki language is a dialect of the language spoken by the Sauk and HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kickapoo_people" \o "Kickapoo people" Kickapoo, within the HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algonquian_languages" \o "Algonquian languages" Algonquian languages family. Meskwaki and Sauk are two distinct tribal groups. Linguistic and cultural linkages between the two tribes have made them often associated in history. Under US government recognition treaties, officials treat the Sac (anglicized Sauk term) and Meskwaki as a single political unit, despite their distinct identities. History According to HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archeologists" \o "Archeologists" archeologists, about ten thousand years ago, peoples from the Eurasian landmass migrated to modern-day North America via the Bering Strait land bridge. Approximately seven thousand years ago, groups of these earlier migrants reached and settled in what is now known as HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontario" \o "Ontario" Ontario, in HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Canada" \o "Central Canada" Central Canada. Around the turn of the 1st century, the "Great Drought" took place. The lands which the ancestors of the Meskwaki inhabited did not receive enough rain to sustain their population, and the group lost about 98% of its members.[ HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" \o "Wikipedia:Citation needed"
citation needed]

Here we find the basis for the 12 tribes of the United States.

Canada and The First Nations First Nations HYPERLINK

"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Odanak_First_Nation_(Abenaki).gif" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Odanak_First_Nati on_%28Abenaki%29.gif/90px-Odanak_First_Nation_%28Abenaki%29.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ouje_Bougounou_Cree.jpg" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Ouje_Bougounou_ Cree.jpg/90px-Ouje_Bougounou_Cree.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Haida_flag.png" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Haida_flag.png/90p x-Haida_flag.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Eel_Ground_First_Nation.svg" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Eel_Groun d_First_Nation.svg/90px-Flag_of_Eel_Ground_First_Nation.svg.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bandera_innu.PNG" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Bandera_innu.PNG/ 90px-Bandera_innu.PNG" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Temagama_Ojibwa.png" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Temagama_Ojibwa. png/90px-Temagama_Ojibwa.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kawawachikamach_Band_of_the_Naskapi_Nati on.jpg" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Kawawachikamach _Band_of_the_Naskapi_Nation.jpg/90pxKawawachikamach_Band_of_the_Naskapi_Nation.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bandera_Red_Earth_Cree.PNG" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Bandera_Red_Earth _Cree.PNG/90px-Bandera_Red_Earth_Cree.PNG" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bandera_Nis%27ga_Nation.png"

INCLUDEPICTURE "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Bandera_Nis %27ga_Nation.png/90px-Bandera_Nis%27ga_Nation.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bandera_Sechelt.png" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Bandera_Sechelt.pn g/90px-Bandera_Sechelt.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Iroquois_Confederacy.svg" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_the_Iroquo is_Confederacy.svg/90px-Flag_of_the_Iroquois_Confederacy.svg.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mikmaq_State_Flag.svg" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Mikmaq_State_Flag .svg/90px-Mikmaq_State_Flag.svg.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Flags_of_Aboriginal_peoples_of_Canada" \o "commons:Flags of Aboriginal peoples of Canada" First Nation Flags Total population 698,025 HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Nations" \l "cite_note-Aboriginal_Identity_2006_Census-0#cite_noteAboriginal_Identity_2006_Census-0" [1]

Languages HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Canada" \l "Aboriginal_languages" \o "Languages of Canada" Aboriginal languages HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_English" \o "Canadian English" Canadian English HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_French" \o "Canadian French" Canadian French Religion HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity" \o "Christianity" Christian

HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglican_Church_of_Canada" \o "Anglican Church of Canada" Anglican HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Native_American_religion" \o "Category:Native American religion" traditional beliefs HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aboriginal_peoples_in_Canada" \o "Aboriginal peoples in Canada" Aboriginal peoples in Canada HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Aboriginal_War_Veterans_monument_(close).J PG" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Aboriginal_War_Ve terans_monument_%28close%29.JPG/80pxAboriginal_War_Veterans_monument_%28close%29.JPG" \* MERGEFORMATINET First Nations HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inuit" \o "Inuit" Inuit HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9tis_people_(Canada)" \o "Mtis people (Canada)" Mtis This article is part of a HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_Aboriginal_Canadianrelated_articles" \o "Index of Aboriginal Canadian-related articles" series

Collectively, First Nations, HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Nations" \l "cite_note-one-3#cite_note-one-3" [4] Inuit, HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Nations" \l "cite_note-ICCcharter-12#cite_note-ICCcharter-12" [13] and Mtis HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Nations" \l "cite_note-13#cite_note-13" [14] peoples constitute HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aboriginal_peoples_in_Canada" \o "Aboriginal peoples in Canada" Aboriginal peoples in Canada, Indigenous peoples of the Americas or first peoples.
HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Nations" \l "cite_note-14#cite_note-14" [15] HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Nations" \l

"First Nations"' is a legally defined term that came into common usage in the 1980s to replace the term "Indian band". HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Nations" \l "cite_notegibson5-16#cite_note-gibson5-16" [17] Elder Sol Sanderson says that he coined the term in the early 1980s. HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Nations" \l "cite_note-17#cite_note-17" [18] A band is a legally recognized "body of Indians for whose collective use and benefit lands have been set apart or money is held by the

"cite_note-term-15#cite_note-term-15" [16]

HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada" \o "Monarchy of Canada" Canadian Crown, or declared to be a band for the purposes of the Indian Act." HYPERLINK
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Nations" \l "cite_note-term-15#cite_note-term-15" [16]

As individuals, First Nations people are officially recognized by the HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Canada" \o "Government of Canada" Government of Canada by the terms "registered Indians" or "status Indians" only if they are listed on the Indian Register and are thus entitled to benefits under the HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Act" \o "Indian Act" Indian Act. HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Nations" \l "cite_note-18#cite_note-18" [19] They are considered "non-status Indian" if they are not so listed and thus not entitled to benefits, according to the Canadian state. Administration of the Indian Act and Indian Register is carried out by the federal government's Department of Indian and Northern Affairs. HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Nations" \l "cite_note-gibson516#cite_note-gibson5-16" [17]

While the word "Indian" is still a legal term, its use is erratic and in decline in Canada. HYPERLINK
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Nations" \l "cite_note-19#cite_note-19" [20] HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Nations" \l "cite_note-indian-

Some First Nations people consider the term offensive, while others prefer it to "Aboriginal person/persons/people". According to the HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada_2006_Census" \o "Canada 2006 Census" 2006 Census, today more Canadians identify as being of HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IndoCanadians" \o "Indo-Canadians" East Indian ethnicity than there are members of First Nations, reflecting demographic changes due to increased 20th-century immigration. The use of the term "Native Americans", which the United States government and others have adopted in that nation, is not common in Canada. HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Nations" \l "cite_note-term-15#cite_note-term-15" [16] It refers more specifically to the Aboriginal peoples residing within the boundaries of the United States. HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Nations" \l "cite_note-21#cite_note-21" [22] The parallel term "Native Canadian" is not commonly used, but "Natives"' and autochtones (from Canadian French) are. Under the HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Proclamation_of_1763" \o "Royal Proclamation of 1763" Royal Proclamation of 1763, also known as the "Indian HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magna_Carta" \o "Magna Carta" Magna Carta", HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Nations" \l "cite_note-22#cite_note-22" [23] HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Crown" \o "The Crown" the Crown referred to HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous_peoples" \o "Indigenous peoples" indigenous peoples in HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_North_America" \o "British North America" British territory as tribes or nations. The term "First Nations" is capitalised, unlike alternative terms. Bands and HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nation" \o "Nation" nations may have slightly different meanings.

20#cite_note-indian-20" [21]

The First Nations of North America as well as the above mentioned 12 Tribes arrived via the Black Foot Nation as well as the Navaho from The Black Land of Egypt, The Land of Kemet circa12,600 BC. The following is a partial list of HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Nations" \o "First Nations" First Nations peoples organized by linguistic-cultural area. This list does not include HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9tis_people_(Canada)" \o "Mtis people (Canada)" Metis or Canadian HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inuit" \o "Inuit" Inuit groups. The areas used here are in accordance to those developed by the enthologist and linguist HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Sapir" \o "Edward Sapir" Edward Sapir, and used by the HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Museum_of_Civilization" \o "Canadian Museum of Civilization" Canadian Museum of Civilization. HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_First_Nations_peoples" \l
"cite_note-0#cite_note-0" [1]

Major ethnicities include the: HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coast_Salish" \o "Coast Salish" Coast Salish HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nux%C3%A1lk" \o "Nuxlk" Nuxlk (Bella Coola; not linguistically Coast Salish) HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimsquit" \o "Kimsquit" Kimsquit HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tallheo" \o "Tallheo" Tallheo HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Stuie&action=edit&redlink=1" \o "Stuie (page does not exist)" Stuie HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwatna" \o "Kwatna" Kwatna HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shishalh" \o "Shishalh" Shishalh ( HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sechelt" \o "Sechelt" Sechelt) HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%E1%B8%B5wxw%C3%BA7mesh" \o "Swxw7mesh" Swxw7mesh (aka Squamish) HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Pentlatch_people&action=edit&redlink=1" \o "Pentlatch people (page does not exist)" Pentlatch (aka Puntledge, extinct) HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Qualicum_people&action=edit&redlink=1" \o "Qualicum people (page does not exist)" Qualicum

HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comox_language" \o "Comox language" Comos-speaking HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sliammon" \o "Sliammon" Sliammon (Mainland Comox) HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comox_people" \o "Comox people" Comos HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Klahoose_people&action=edit&redlink=1" \o "Klahoose people (page does not exist)" Klahoose HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halkomelem" \o "Halkomelem" Halkomelem-speaking HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cowichan_peoples" \o "Cowichan peoples" Cowichan HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somena" \o "Somena" Somena HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quw%27utsun" \o "Quw'utsun" Quw'utsun HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quamichan" \o "Quamichan" Quamichan HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Clemclemaluts&action=edit&redlink=1" \o "Clemclemaluts (page does not exist)" Clemclemaluts HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Comiaken_people&action=edit&redlink=1" \o "Comiaken people (page does not exist)" Comiaken HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Khenipsen&action=edit&redlink=1" \o "Khenipsen (page does not exist)" Khenipsen HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Kilpahlas&action=edit&redlink=1" \o "Kilpahlas (page does not exist)" Kilpahlas HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Koksilah&action=edit&redlink=1" \o "Koksilah (page does not exist)" Koksilah

HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penelakut" \o "Penelakut" Penelakut HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Lamalcha&action=edit&redlink=1" \o "Lamalcha (page does not exist)" Lamalcha HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musqueam" \o "Musqueam" Musqueam HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snuneymuxw" \o "Snuneymuxw" Snuneymuxw (Nanaimo) HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tsleilwaututh&action=edit&redlink=1" \o "Tsleil-waututh (page does not exist)" Tsleilwaututh (Burrard) HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sts%27Ailes" \o "Sts'Ailes" Sts'Ailes (Chehalis) HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sto:lo" \o "Sto:lo" Sto:lo (Fraser River Salish) HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aitchelitz_First_Nation" \o "Aitchelitz First Nation" Aitchelitz HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leq%27_a:_mel_First_Nation" \o "Leq' a: mel First Nation" Leq' a: mel HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matsqui_First_Nation" \o "Matsqui First Nation" Matsqui HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popkum_First_Nation" \o "Popkum First Nation" Popkum HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skway_First_Nation" \o "Skway First Nation" Skway HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skawahlook_First_Nation" \o "Skawahlook First Nation" Skawahlook HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skowkale_First_Nation" \o "Skowkale First Nation" Skowkale HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squiala_First_Nation" \o "Squiala First Nation" Squiala HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumas_First_Nation" \o "Sumas First Nation" Sumas

HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tzeachten_First_Nation" \o "Tzeachten First Nation" Tzeachten HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yakweakwioose_First_Nation" \o "Yakweakwioose First Nation" Yakweakwioose HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chawathil_First_Nation" \o "Chawathil First Nation" Chawathil HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheam_Indian_Band" \o "Cheam Indian Band" Cheam HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwaw-kwawApilt_First_Nation" \o "Kwaw-kwaw-Apilt First Nation" Kwaw-kwawApiltThing like the First nations HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scowlitz_First_Nation" \o "Scowlitz First Nation" Scowlitz (Scaulits) HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seabird_Island_First_Nation" \o "Seabird Island First Nation" Seabird Island HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shxw%27ow %27hamel_First_Nation" \o "Shxw'ow'hamel First Nation" Shxw'ow'hamel HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soowahlie_First_Nation" \o "Soowahlie First Nation" Soowahlie HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katzie" \o "Katzie" Katzie HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Kwantlen_people&action=edit&redlink=1" \o "Kwantlen people (page does not exist)" Kwantlen HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Kwikwetlem&action=edit&redlink=1" \o "Kwikwetlem (page does not exist)" Kwikwetlem (Coquitlam) HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsawwassen" \o "Tsawwassen" Tsawwassen HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Straits_Salish" \o "North Straits Salish" North Straits Salish-speaking HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Songhees" \o "Songhees" Songhees (aka Songish, aka Lekwungen) HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%27Souke" \o "T'Souke" T'Souke

( HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sooke" \o "Sooke" Sooke) HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiahmoo_people" \o "Semiahmoo people" Semiahmoo HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malahat_First_Nation" \o "Malahat First Nation" Malahat HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsartlip" \o "Tsartlip" Tsartlip HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Tsawout&action=edit&redlink=1" \o "Tsawout (page does not exist)" Tsawout HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esquimalt" \o "Esquimalt" Esquimalt HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Westminster_First_Nation" \o "New Westminster First Nation" New Westminster (no language affiliiation) HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsimshianic_languages" \o "Tsimshianic languages" Tsimshianic peoples (Northern Mainland) HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsimshian" \o "Tsimshian" Tsimshian HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gitksan" \o "Gitksan" Gitksan HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nisga%27a" \o "Nisga'a" Nisga'a HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haida_people" \o "Haida people" Haida Southern Wakashan peoples HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuu-chah-nulth_people" \o "Nuu-chahnulth people" Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tla-o-qui-aht" \o "Tla-o-qui-aht" Tla-oqui-aht (Clayoquot) HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesquiat" \o "Hesquiat" Hesquiat HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mowachaht" \o "Mowachaht" Mowachaht- HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Muchalaht&action=edit&redlink=1" \o "Muchalaht (page does not exist)" Muchalaht HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ditidaht" \o "Ditidaht" Ditidaht HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Pacheedaht&action=edit&redlink=1" \o "Pacheedaht (page does not exist)" Pacheedaht Northern Wakashan peoples (Central Coast)

HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwakwaka%27wakw" \o "Kwakwaka'wakw" Kwakwaka'wakw HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laich-kwil-tach" \o "Laich-kwil-tach" Laich-kwil-tach (Euclataws/Yuculta aka Southern Kwakiutl) HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Weewaikai&action=edit&redlink=1" \o "Weewaikai (page does not exist)" Weewaikai ( HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Cape_Mudge&action=edit&redlink=1" \o "Cape Mudge (page does not exist)" Cape Mudge) HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Wewaykum&action=edit&redlink=1" \o "Wewaykum (page does not exist)" Wewaykum ( HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campbell_River,_British_Columbia" \o "Campbell River, British Columbia" Campbell River) HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Koskimo&action=edit&redlink=1" \o "Koskimo (page does not exist)" Koskimo HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%27Namgis" \o "'Namgis" 'Namgis HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haisla_people" \o "Haisla people" Haisla HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Henaksiala&action=edit&redlink=1" \o "Henaksiala (page does not exist)" Henaksiala HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heiltsuk_people" \o "Heiltsuk people" Heiltsuk HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wuikinuxv" \o "Wuikinuxv" Wuikinuxv (Owekeeno) HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsetsaut" \o "Tsetsaut" Tsetsaut (extinct) British Columbia Interior HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlingit_people" \o "Tlingit people" Inland Tlingit HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taku_River_Tlingit_First_Nation" \o "Taku River Tlingit First Nation" a Tlein Kwan (Atlin people) HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teslin_Tlingit_Council" \o "Teslin Tlingit

Council" Deisleen Kwan (Teslin people) HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athapaskan" \o "Athapaskan" Athapaskan HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakelh" \o "Dakelh" Dakelh (Carrier) HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wet%27suwet%27en" \o "Wet'suwet'en" Wet'suwet'en HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Denethah&action=edit&redlink=1" \o "Dene-thah (page does not exist)" Dene-thah ( HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavey_people" \o "Slavey people" Slavey) HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsilhqot%27in" \o "Tsilhqot'in" Tsilhqot'in ( HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsilhqot%27in" \o "Tsilhqot'in" Chilcotin) HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sekani" \o "Sekani" Sekani HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunne-Za" \o "Dunne-Za" Dunne-Za (Beaver) HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicola_Athapaskans" \o "Nicola Athapaskans" Nicola Athapaskans (extinct) HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahltan" \o "Tahltan" Tahltan HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaska_Dena" \o "Kaska Dena" Kaska Dena HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interior_Salish" \o "Interior Salish" Interior Salish HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nlaka%27pamux" \o "Nlaka'pamux" Nlaka'pamux (Thompson people) HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okanagan_people" \o "Okanagan people" Okanagan HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secwepemc" \o "Secwepemc" Secwepemc ( HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secwepemc" \o "Secwepemc" Shuswap) HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinixt" \o "Sinixt" Sinixt ( HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakes" \o "Lakes" Lakes) HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%27at%27imc" \o "St'at'imc" St'at'imc people ( HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%27at%27imc" \o "St'at'imc" Lillooet) people HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lil%27wat" \o "Lil'wat" Lil'wat

Lower Stl'atl'imx HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nequatque" \o "Nequatque" Nequatque HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In-SHUCK-ch" \o "In-SHUCK-ch" In-SHUCK-ch ) HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kootenai_(tribe)" \o "Kootenai (tribe)" Ktunaxa (Kootenay) Plains Main article: HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plains_Indians" \o "Plains Indians" Plains Indians These people traditionally used HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tipi" \o "Tipi" tipis covered with skins as their homes. Their main sustenance was the HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Bison" \o "American Bison" bison, which they used as food, as well as for all their garments. The leaders of some Plains tribes wore large headdresses made of feathers, something which is wrongfully attributed by some to all First Nations peoples. Major ethnicies include the: HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anishinaabe" \o "Anishinaabe" Anishinaabe HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plains-Ojibwa" \o "Plains-Ojibwa" PlainsOjibwa HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackfoot" \o "Blackfoot" Blackfoot HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kainai" \o "Kainai" Kainai (Blood) HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Peigan" \o "North Peigan" North Peigan HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siksika" \o "Siksika" Siksika HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dene" \o "Dene" Dene HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chipewyan" \o "Chipewyan" Chipewyan HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakoda_(people)" \o "Nakoda (people)" Nakoda HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assiniboine_people" \o "Assiniboine people" Assiniboine Stoney HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plains-Cree" \o "Plains-Cree" Plains-Cree

HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasttine" \o "Tasttine" Tasttine (Beaver) HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsuu_T%27ina" \o "Tsuu T'ina" Tsuu T'ina (Sarcee) Plateau HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ktunaxa" \o "Ktunaxa" Ktunaxa (Kootenay) HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okanagan" \o "Okanagan" Okanagan HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colville_(tribe)" \o "Colville (tribe)" Colville HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinixt" \o "Sinixt" Sinixt HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yakama" \o "Yakama" Yakama HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palus" \o "Palus" Palus HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cayuse" \o "Cayuse" Cayuse HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coeur_d%27Alene_(tribe)" \o "Coeur d'Alene (tribe)" Coeur d'Alene HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasco-Wishram" \o "Wasco-Wishram" Wasco HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasco-Wishram" \o "Wasco-Wishram" Wishram HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%27at%27imc" \o "St'at'imc" St'at'imc (Lillooet) HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicola_people" \o "Nicola people" Nicola HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nlaka%27pamux" \o "Nlaka'pamux" Nlaka'pamux (Thompson) HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secwepemc" \o "Secwepemc" Secwepemc (Shuswap) Western subarctic These peoples live in the HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boreal_forest" \o "Boreal forest" boreal forest in what are now Canada's western provinces and territories. They were originally hunter-gatherers dependent on HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caribou" \o "Caribou" caribou, HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moose" \o "Moose" moose and the HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fur_trade" \o "Fur trade" fur trade. Most spoke HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athapaskan_languages" \o "Athapaskan languages" Athapaskan

languages except the Crees and Inland Tlingit. Major ethnicities in the HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yukon" \o "Yukon" Yukon, HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northwest_Territories" \o "Northwest Territories" Northwest Territories and the northern parts of the western provinces ( HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Columbia" \o "British Columbia" British Columbia, HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberta" \o "Alberta" Alberta, HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" \o "Saskatchewan" Saskatchewan and HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" \o "Manitoba" Manitoba) include the following: HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cree" \o "Cree" Cree HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dene" \o "Dene" Dene HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chipewyan" \o "Chipewyan" Chipewyan HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahtu" \o "Sahtu" Sahtu (includes Bearlake, Hare and Mountain peoples) HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavey_people" \o "Slavey people" Slavey HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tli_Cho" \o "Tli Cho" Tli Cho HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellowknives" \o "Yellowknives" Yellowknives HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunneza" \o "Dunneza" Dunneza (also Dunneza, Beaver, Tasttine) HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwich%27in" \o "Gwich'in" Gwich'in (Kutchin, Loucheaux) HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A4n" \o "Hn" Hn HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaska" \o "Kaska" Kaska HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagish" \o "Tagish" Tagish HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahltan" \o "Tahltan" Tahltan Inland HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlingit_people" \o "Tlingit people" Tlingit HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Tutchone" \o "Southern Tutchone" Southern and HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Tutchone" \o "Northern Tutchone" Northern Tutchone Woodlands and eastern subarctic Main article: HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Woodlands_tribes" \o

"Eastern Woodlands tribes" Eastern Woodlands tribes Major ethnicies include the: HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anishinaabe" \o "Anishinaabe" Anishinaabe HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algonquin_people" \o "Algonquin people" Algonquin HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nipissing_First_Nation" \o "Nipissing First Nation" Nipissing HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ojibwa" \o "Ojibwa" Ojibwa HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississaugas" \o "Mississaugas" Mississaugas HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saulteaux" \o "Saulteaux" Saulteaux HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oji-cree" \o "Oji-cree" Oji-cree HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottawa_(tribe)" \o "Ottawa (tribe)" Ottawa (Odawa) HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potawatomi" \o "Potawatomi" Potawatomi HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cree" \o "Cree" Cree HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innu" \o "Innu" Innu (Montagnais and Naskapi) Atlantic coastal region HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beothuk" \o "Beothuk" Beothuk (Newfoundland extinct) HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innu" \o "Innu" Innu (Labrador) HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maliseet" \o "Maliseet" Maliseet HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%27kmaq_people" \o "Mi'kmaq people" Mi'kmaq (Micmac) HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passamaquoddy" \o "Passamaquoddy" Passamaquoddy St. Lawrence River Valley The largest First Nations group near the St. Lawrence waterway are the HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iroquois" \o "Iroquois" Iroquois. This area also includes the HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wyandot_people" \o "Wyandot people" Wyandot (formerly referred to as the Huron) peoples of central HYPERLINK

"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontario" \o "Ontario" Ontario, and the HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iroquois" \o "Iroquois" League of Five Nations who had lived in the HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" \o "United States" United States, south of HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Ontario" \o "Lake Ontario" Lake Ontario. Major ethnicities include the: HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anishinaabe" \o "Anishinaabe" Anishinaabe HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algonquin_people" \o "Algonquin people" Algonquin HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nipissing_First_Nation" \o "Nipissing First Nation" Nipissing HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haudenosaunee" \o "Haudenosaunee" Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cayuga_tribe" \o "Cayuga tribe" Cayuga (Guyohkohnyo) HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohawk_nation" \o "Mohawk nation" Mohawk (Kanien'khaka) HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oneida_tribe" \o "Oneida tribe" Oneida (Onayotekaono) HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onondaga_(tribe)" \o "Onondaga (tribe)" Onondaga (Onundagaono) HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seneca_tribe" \o "Seneca tribe" Seneca (Onondowahgah) HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuscarora_(tribe)" \o "Tuscarora (tribe)" Tuscarora (Ska-Ruh-Reh) Munsee branch of the HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenape" \o "Lenape" Lenape (Delawares) HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutral_Nation" \o "Neutral Nation" Neutral HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Tobacco_(First_Nation)&action=edit&redlink=1" \o "Tobacco (First Nation) (page does not exist)" Tobacco HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wyandot_people" \o "Wyandot people" Wyandot (Huron) See also

HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Aboriginal_War_Veterans_monument_(close).J PG" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Aboriginal_War_Ve terans_monument_%28close%29.JPG/21pxAboriginal_War_Veterans_monument_%28close%29.JPG" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Aboriginal_peoples_in_Canada" \o "Portal:Aboriginal peoples in Canada" Aboriginal peoples in Canada portal HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classification_of_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" \ o "Classification of indigenous peoples of the Americas" Classification of indigenous peoples of the Americas HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas" \o "Indigenous languages of the Americas" Indigenous languages of the Americas HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_First_Nations_governments" \o "List of First Nations governments" List of First Nations governments HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Indian_reserves_in_Canada" \o "List of Indian reserves in Canada" List of Indian reserves in Canada HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Indian_reserves_in_Canada_by_population" \o "List of Indian reserves in Canada by population" List of Indian reserves in Canada by population HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Canadian_Inuit" \o "List of Canadian Inuit" List of Canadian Inuit HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_place_names_in_Canada_of_Aboriginal_origin" \o "List of place names in Canada of Aboriginal origin" List of place names in Canada of Aboriginal origin HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notable_Aboriginal_people_of_Canada" \o "Notable Aboriginal people of Canada" Notable Aboriginal people of Canada Notes HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_First_Nations_peoples" \l "cite_ref-0#cite_ref-0" ^ HYPERLINK

"http://www.civilization.ca/tresors/ethno/etb0000e.html" "Canadian Museum of Civilization: Gateway to Aboriginal Heritage". HYPERLINK "http://www.civilization.ca/tresors/ethno/etb0000e.html" http://www.civilization.ca/tresors/ethno/etb0000e.html. Retrieved 2006-07-27. The Knesset Complex and surrounding areas

The Knesset Menorah, situated on the edge of the Rose Garden across from the Knesset building, is the work of the Jewish-English artist of German origin Benno Elkan (1877 1960). The Menorah is molded of bronze and resembles the menorah (7-branched candelabra) of the Temple, which has come to be a Jewish symbol. The sculpture is 4.30 meters high, 3.5 meters wide, and weighs 4 tons. The main theme of the work depicts the spiritual struggles of the Jewish people and it is engraved with the passage Not by strength and not by power, but by my Spirit, says the Lord who rules over all (Zechariah 4, 6). The Menorah includes engravings of biblical figures and events from the tradition and history of the Jewish people. The engravings on the six side branches of the Menorah portray the fate of the Israeli people since it was exiled from its land, and the engravings on the center branch portray the peoples fate since the beginning of the return to the land up to the establishment of the State of Israel. The Menorah was presented to the Knesset as a gift from the British Labor Party on April 15th 1956 in honor of the celebrations of the eighth Independence Day of the State of Israel. It was first placed at a square in central Jerusalem, near the temporary housing of the Knesset, and it was moved to its current location towards the inauguration of the Knesset building. Despite the artists request to place the Menorah within the Knesset and place upper lighting to highlight its engravings, and despite the ruling of Chief Rabbi Isaac Halevi Herzog that it may be placed within the building in spite of its portrayal of images its was decided that the Menorah be placed outside, enabling the public to see it and enjoy its beauty. The three original entrance gates to the Knesset complex were designed by sculptor David Palombo, a native of Turkey (1911 1966), who was killed in a car accident shortly after completing his work on the gates. Palombos work was aimed at creating a memorial for the destruction of European Jewry during the Second World War. The gates are 17 meters long and 3 meters high. The grill of the gates is comprised of abstract forms, intertwined one with the other in a unique way, resembling half-burnt tree trunks. In 2007, when the Knessets entrance was reconstructed, it was decided to move the gates several meters to the east, and they now serve as an impressive self-standing sculpture.

Seven-branched menorah, by Benno Elkan

The Burning Bush, by David Palombo

This monument actually refers to George Herbert Walker Bush, Sr. and the present times of today as he attempts to find I AM, who is dead-set against him.

Whats New Pussy Cat?

The Origin of the word Pussy Egyptian MAU = 314 Meaning: SIAMON IS SUPREME (SUPREMUM)

SUP supremum spri INCLUDEPICTURE

"http://sp.dictionary.com/dictstatic/dictionary/graphics/luna/thinsp.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET mm,s-Show Spelled[suh-pree-muh INCLUDEPICTURE "http://sp.dictionary.com/dictstatic/dictionary/graphics/luna/thinsp.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET m, soo-] HYPERLINK "http://dictionary.reference.com/help/luna/Spell_pron_key.html" \t "_blank" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://sp.dictionary.com/dictstatic/g/d/dictionary_questionbutton_default.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Show IPA noun Mathematics . HYPERLINK "http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/least+upper+bound" least upper bound.

Origin: < Neo-Latin suprmum, noun use of neuter of Latin suprmus HYPERLINK "http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/supreme" supreme1 ASS YRIA = AYIR

least upper bound noun Mathematics . an upper bound that is less than or equal to all the upper bounds of a particular HYPERLINK "http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/set" set. 3 is the least upper bound of the set consisting of 1, 2, 3. Abbr.: lub

Set stShow Spelled [set] HYPERLINK "http://dictionary.reference.com/help/luna/Spell_pron_key.html" \t "_blank" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://sp.dictionary.com/dictstatic/g/d/dictionary_questionbutton_default.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Show IPA verb, set, setting, noun, adjective, interjection verb (used with object) 1. to put (something or someone) in a particular place: to set a vase on a table.

2. to place in a particular position or posture: Set the baby on his feet. 3. to place in some relation to something or someone: We set a supervisor over the new workers. 4. to put into some condition: to set a house on fire. 5. to put or apply: to set fire to a house.

syvariant of HYPERLINK "http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/syn-" syn- before s followed by a consonant and before z: systaltic; syzygy. -sy a HYPERLINK "http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/suffix" suffix forming HYPERLINK "http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/nouns" nouns or HYPERLINK "http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/adjectives" adjectives, sometimes a diminutive of the base HYPERLINK "http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/word" word and usually confined to informal and jocular use ( bitsy; footsie; halvsies ); adjectives formed with -sy may be ironic, implying that the quality in question is self-consciously assumed or feigned ( artsy; cutesy; folksy ). The combination of HYPERLINK "http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/-s" -s3 and HYPERLINK "http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/-y" -y1 or HYPERLINK "http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/-y" -y2 in certain words ( antsy; gutsy ) should perhaps be considered further instances of this suffix. Origin: perhaps orig. two distinct suffixes, one diminutive (as in Betsy, popsy, tootsy ) and the other adjectival; sources of both are uncertain

Sy saShow Spelled[sahy] HYPERLINK "http://dictionary.reference.com/help/luna/Spell_pron_key.html" \t "_blank"

INCLUDEPICTURE "http://sp.dictionary.com/dictstatic/g/d/dictionary_questionbutton_default.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Show IPA noun a male given HYPERLINK "http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/name" name, form of HYPERLINK "http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Seymour" Seymour, HYPERLINK "http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Simon" Simon, or HYPERLINK "http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Silas" Silas.

syna prefix occurring in loanwords from Greek, having the same function as HYPERLINK "http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/co-" co- ( synthesis; synoptic ); used, with the meaning with, together, in the formation of compound words ( synsepalous ) or synthetic in such compounds ( syngas ). Also, HYPERLINK "http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/sy-" sy-, HYPERLINK "http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/syl-" syl-, HYPERLINK "http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/sym-" sym-, HYPERLINK "http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/sys-" sys-.

Origin: < Greek, combining form representing sn with, together with

World English Dictionary syn prefix 1. 2. [from Greek sun together, with]

with or together: synecology fusion: syngamy

Word Origin & History synprefix meaning "together with," from Gk. syn "with, together with," of unknown origin.

Medical Dictionary syn- or sympref. Together; with: synclonus. United: syncephaly. Same; similar: synteny. At the same time: synesthesia.

synesthesia [sin-uh INCLUDEPICTURE "http://sp.dictionary.com/dictstatic/dictionary/graphics/luna/thinsp.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET s-thee-zhuh, -zhee-uh, -zee-uh]

synesthesia sn INCLUDEPICTURE "http://sp.dictionary.com/dictstatic/dictionary/graphics/luna/thinsp.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET si INCLUDEPICTURE "http://sp.dictionary.com/dictstatic/dictionary/graphics/luna/thinsp.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET ,-i INCLUDEPICTURE "http://sp.dictionary.com/dictstatic/dictionary/graphics/luna/thinsp.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET ,-zi INCLUDEPICTURE "http://sp.dictionary.com/dictstatic/dictionary/graphics/luna/thinsp.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET Show Spelled[sin-uh INCLUDEPICTURE "http://sp.dictionary.com/dictstatic/dictionary/graphics/luna/thinsp.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET s-thee-zhuh, -zhee-uh, -zee-uh] HYPERLINK

"http://dictionary.reference.com/help/luna/Spell_pron_key.html" \t "_blank" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://sp.dictionary.com/dictstatic/g/d/dictionary_questionbutton_default.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Show IPA noun a HYPERLINK "http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/sensation" sensation produced in one modality when a stimulus is applied to another modality, as when the hearing of a certain HYPERLINK "http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/sound" sound induces the visualization of a certain color.

Also, HYPERLINK "http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/synaesthesia" synaesthesia.

Origin: 189095; < Neo-Latin; see HYPERLINK "http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/syn-" syn-, HYPERLINK "http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/esthesia" esthesia Related forms synesthete CONTROL ShockwaveFlash.ShockwaveFlash.10 sn INCLUDEPICTURE "http://sp.dictionary.com/dictstatic/dictionary/graphics/luna/thinsp.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET sitShow Spelled[sin-uh INCLUDEPICTURE "http://sp.dictionary.com/dictstatic/dictionary/graphics/luna/thinsp.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET s-theet] HYPERLINK "http://dictionary.reference.com/help/luna/Spell_pron_key.html" \t "_blank" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://sp.dictionary.com/dictstatic/g/d/dictionary_questionbutton_default.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Show IPA, noun synesthetic sn INCLUDEPICTURE "http://sp.dictionary.com/dictstatic/dictionary/graphics/luna/thinsp.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET st INCLUDEPICTURE "http://sp.dictionary.com/dictstatic/dictionary/graphics/luna/thinsp.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET kShow Spelled[sin-uh INCLUDEPICTURE "http://sp.dictionary.com/dictstatic/dictionary/graphics/luna/thinsp.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET s-thet-ik] HYPERLINK "http://dictionary.reference.com/help/luna/Spell_pron_key.html" \t "_blank" INCLUDEPICTURE

"http://sp.dictionary.com/dictstatic/g/d/dictionary_questionbutton_default.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Show IPA, adjective nonsynesthetic, adjective

World English Dictionary synaesthesia or synesthesia (snis iz) HYPERLINK "http://dictionary.reference.com/help/lun a/IPA_pron_key.html" \t "_blank" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://sp.dictionary.com/dictstatic/g/d/di ctionary_questionbutton_default.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET n 1. 2.

physiol a sensation experienced in a part of the body other than the part stimulated psychol the subjective sensation of a sense other than the one being stimulated. For example, a sound may evoke sensations of colour

[from New Latin, from syn- + -esthesia, from Greek aisthsis sensation] synesthesia or synesthesia n [from New Latin, from syn- + -esthesia, from Greek aisthsis sensation] synaesthetic or synesthesia adj

synesthetic or synesthesia adj Word Origin & History synaesthesia "sensation in one part of the body produced by stimulus in another," 1891, from Mod.L., from Gk. syn- "together" + stem aisthe- "to feel, perceive." Also of the senses.

The Star of Israel Displayed by Liberation Jewish Led Sunni Groups in the Middle East and Elsewhere Israels Star of David a 666 Pointed Star Symbol - being secretly displayed by Jewish Sunni Led Liberation Groups in the Middle East

ZONBI

ZONBI IS THE HAITIAN CREOLE WORD FOR ZOMBIE.

It is from this word where we derive the word 'Zion' and Zionist. Using the word ZONBI, we find that the letter 'B' is the alphanumeric number '2'. It is also the fourth letter in the word ZONBI. Here we find the number, 24, which is reduced to the number

6. The alphanumeric total for the word ZONBI is a '66'. Here we find the total number for the word ZONBI as an alphanumeric '666'. The Cacausus Mountains were originally a prison combine constructed in the 3rd Dynasty of Horus Aha. The circumference of the Caucasus Mountains (the Wall) was built 666 miles in circumference. The word 'figure' is an alphanumeric '66' where the numbers '666' are found at the bottom of the tabulation. Also found here are the numbers '526' which stand for the year 526 B.C. The word 'Six' is an alphanumeric '52'. Six, Six, Six is therefore - 52, 52, 52 which total the figures 51-6 which stand for the 51st constellation and the 6th Day. This is the constellation LEPUS from which one derives the word 'Leprosy'. This constellation is also known as The Hare as well as the home of the Gods - The Pharaohs. A woman's dimensions are usually given as 36-24-36. Thirty-six plus thirty-six are '72'. Seventy-two plus 24 totals a '96' which is reduced to the number '51' and the 51st constellation. Ninety-Six minus 51 is '45'. The word 'forty' is an alphanumeric 25, which represents the number of the head of the 24 Elders also known as the heads of the 24 Native American tribes of North America - being Canada (correct spelling, KANADA), as well as the 12 tribes of the United States of America. Also within the word 'forty' is the number '39' as well as the number 5.9., which represents the time life was created on earth after temperatures reached 5,000 degrees Celsius, which is 9,000 degrees Fahrenheit. The number 39 is reduced to the number '21' or '12'. The number 39 plus 21 totals 60 which represents the sixth day of creation. It is here where we arrive at the solution of God's incarnation in the last days as 12-26-1956. The number ''19' is an alphanumeric 8-6 = 2. These numbers represent the first, middle and last name of God incarnated as an 8-6-2 respectively. Here we locate the name of Eric Robert Powell whose name is an alphanumeric '196' which totals the number '25'. It is here where the numbers '39.12'provide the exact date of birth as well as time of birth when added. The temperatures previously mentioned provided for heat to mix creating moister as well as sediment, fresh as well as salt water and therefore life as we know it. The number '56' also represents the earth's life-force ratio as being a 5:6 pentagon - hexagon ratio, which is the

origin of the five and six pointed stars of creation. The number 59 represents also 5AM Greenwich Mean Time as well as 9AM Eastern Standard Time as the time of creation. Nine plus five totals 14' which represents the age of the universe proper as 401 billion years old as of our date in 2010, a 402 in 2011 as well as a 403 for the year 2012. The number 'nine' is an alphanumeric '42' while the number 'six' is an alphanumeric. '52'. Forty-two plus '52' totals '60' as well as the number 526(BC) when Moses, as Ahmose II, also alternatively spelled Ahmosis II, aka Ahmose-Ankh cursed the Syrian Jews snow-white due to their abominations (142) and murmuring against him, Thutmosis III and his only-begotten son Amen Hotep as well as Thutmosis IV.

Its Our Hips for this Job

HANDS-ON-HIPS HYPERLINK "http://center-for-nonverbal-studies.org/posture.htm" \t "_top" Posture. 1. An akimbo position, in which the palms rest on the hips with the elbows flexed outward, bowed away from the body. 2. Akimbo: "In or into a position in which the hands are on the hips and the elbows are bowed outward: children standing akimbo by the fence" (American Heritage Dictionary [Soukhanov 1992:40]). Usage I: Hands-on-hips shows that the body is prepared to "take steps" a. to perform, b. to take part in, or c. to take charge of an event, activity, or work assignment. As a nonverbal HYPERLINK "http://center-for-nonverbal-studies.org/cue.htm" \t "_top" cue, the posture shows that the body is poised to "step forward" (e.g., a. to carry out a superior's order, b. to discipline or threaten a subordinate, or c. to defend against those who "overstep their bounds"). Usage III: In variant thumbs-forward form, hands-on-hips is made with hands in the supinated (i.e., HYPERLINK "http://center-for-nonverbal-studies.org/palmup.htm" \t "_top" palm up) position of the HYPERLINK "http://center-for-nonverbal-studies.org/shrugdis.htm" \t "_top" shoulder-shrug display. This more "effeminate" posture is less apt to signal aggressiveness than to telegraph uncertainty or thoughtfulness. In standard thumbs-backward position, hands-

on-hips is made with hands in the more dominant pronated (i.e., HYPERLINK "http://centerfor-nonverbal-studies.org/palmdown.htm" \t "_top" palm down) position of the high-stand display. Thus, the latter is a more aggressive posture. (N.B.: In The Right Stuff, Tom Wolfe wrote that jet pilots avoided using the feminine thumbs-forward posture sometimes adopted by gay men.). U.S. politics. Hands-on-hips has been analyzed as a "classic sign of confidence" a. in the painting of George Washington crossing the Delaware River, b. in Woodrow Wilson while lecturing at Columbia University at the turn of the century, and c. in presidential campaign media footage of Walter Mondale in 1984 (Blum 1988).

The hands-on-hips is also a secret Masonic star of David sign of the Zionists as giving twoinverted pyramid gestures. This symbol is also given by the so-called Liberation Protestors in the Middle-East and elsewhere when given as a double-victory salute and dramatizes the State of Israels dominance in using youth groups around the globe in fomenting rebellion against well established forms of government who are against the shenanigans of the State of Israel and their minions.

This scene is set at the White House in March, 2001, with Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon and President George W. Bush both presenting mirror-image descending (female, delta, or vulva) homosexual triangles. Two triangles joined together constitute a Jewish Star of David.from Codex Magica 17

THE 52 JEWS - CONSPIRACY -

Properties of the number 52

There are 52 white notes on the keyboard of a piano. The remaining black keys are exactly 36. 88 -52 36 Here we find the digits 8.6.2, 526 and an 83. The name Powell is an alphanumeric 83. The word eighty-three gives us the alphanumeric total of 186. Lightning travels at 186,000 feet per second. Gematria In Hebrew, the numerical value of the word Elohim is 52 by using the gematria in "n": 1+12+5+10+24=52. Occurrence The number 52 is used 6 times in the Bible. This gives us also the year 526BC.

The alphanumeric value of the word fifty-two is as follows: 8 9 17 16 33 19 52 In the word HIPS we also find four letters which brings us to the number 1956 as well as the previous number shown above which is a 1933. We also have the year 1798, known as The Pyramid Wars in Egypt of Alexander the Great which is destined to be overturned in favor of Egypt The Land of the Pharaohs and therefore the consolidation of the World as well as the Universe. The incarnation of the Ancient Egyptian Sun God Or, also known as Oris took place in 1933, specifically March 3, 1933. However, he was assassinated on September 1, 1984 whereas he

was then known as Osiris, Lord of the Dead. His son Horus was born in the year 1956. The number 4 here represents the 400+ years of the Children of Abraham, - through Ishmael, who would be in captivity and treated as indentured servants for the total time period of 403 years. This number represents the number 7 which is consistent with the number embedded in the name of God, as Horus-Ra when he was also incarnated on 12.26.1956. The European Jews attempted to assassinate Horus (the second-coming of the Christ) as well as his Father Osiris as well as Osiriss Queen known as Isis whose incarnated earthly name is Elizabeth Jane Powell. Osiriss incarnated name is Robert Oris Powell. Within our tabulation as shown above, one will find the date 5.19.1927, the birth-date of the incarnation of Isis. The name Powell originated from Poland and Wales as a contraction of both countries names. King Hywel, known as The Good King, changed his name, first to Howell and then using the Egyptian word for the sign of Taurus (Orris/Orus), known as Apis the Bull, used the name Ap meaning also the son of and was therefore known as a Powell. The Powell family is originally from Ancient Egypt through the West Indies of Jamaica here we find the name of Yah as Ja, together with letters Ma, which are the first two-letters of the Ancient Egyptian Goddess Maat, accompanied by the God of Wisdom known as Ia(h) Thutmosis III, also known as The Architect together with the number 4 which represents his son as Thutmosis IV incarnated as Horus.

Conference of Presidents of Major American Jewish Organizations

HYPERLINK "http://www.ameinu.net" \t "_blank" Ameinu HYPERLINK "http://www.thelikud.org" \t "_blank" American Friends of Likud HYPERLINK "http://www.americangathering.com" \t "_blank" American Gathering/Federation of Jewish Holocaust Survivors HYPERLINK "http://www.aifl.org" \t "_blank" America-Israel Friendship League HYPERLINK "http://www.aipac.org" \t "_blank" American Israel Public Affairs Committee HYPERLINK "http://www.ajc.org" \t "_blank" American Jewish Committee HYPERLINK "http://www.ajcongress.org" \t "_blank" American Jewish Congress HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org" \t "_blank" American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee HYPERLINK "http://www.americansephardifederation.org" \t "_blank" American Sephardi Federation HYPERLINK "http://www.azm.org" \t "_blank" American Zionist Movement HYPERLINK "http://www.peacenow.org" \t "_blank" Americans for Peace Now HYPERLINK "http://www.amitchildren.org" \t "_blank" AMIT HYPERLINK "http://www.adl.org" \t "_blank" Anti-Defamation League HYPERLINK "http://www.arza.org" \t "_blank" Association of Reform Zionists of America HYPERLINK "http://bnaibrith.org" \t "_blank" Bnai Brith International HYPERLINK "http://www.bnaizion.org" \t "_blank" Bnai Zion HYPERLINK "http://www.ccarnet.org" \t "_blank" Central Conference of American Rabbis HYPERLINK "http://www.camera.org" \t "_blank" Committee for Accuracy in Middle East Reporting in America HYPERLINK "http://www.israelbonds.com" \t "_blank" Development Corporation for Israel / State of Israel Bonds HYPERLINK "http://www.emunah.org" \t "_blank" Emunah of America

HYPERLINK "http://www.israelsoldiers.org" \t "_blank" Friends of Israel Defense Forces HYPERLINK "http://www.hadassah.org" \t "_blank" Hadassah, Womens Zionist Organization of America HYPERLINK "http://www.hias.org" \t "_blank" Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society HYPERLINK "http://www.hillel.org/index" \t "_blank" Hillel: The Foundation for Jewish Campus Life HYPERLINK "http://www.jcca.org" \t "_blank" Jewish Community Centers Association HYPERLINK "http://www.jewishpublicaffairs.org" \t "_blank" Jewish Council for Public Affairs HYPERLINK "http://www.jewishfederations.org" \t "_blank" The Jewish Federations of North America HYPERLINK "http://www.jinsa.org" \t "_blank" Jewish Institute for National Security Affairs HYPERLINK "http://www.jewishlabor.org" \t "_blank" Jewish Labor Committee HYPERLINK "http://www.jnf.org" \t "_blank" Jewish National Fund HYPERLINK "http://www.jrf.org" \t "_blank" Jewish Reconstructionist Federation HYPERLINK "http://www.jewishwomen.org" \t "_blank" Jewish Women International HYPERLINK "http://www.mercazusa.org" \t "_blank" MERCAZ USA, Zionist Organization of the Conservative Movement HYPERLINK "http://www.naamat.org" \t "_blank" NAAMAT USA HYPERLINK "http://www.ncsj.org" \t "_blank" NCSJ: Advocates on behalf of Jews in Russia, Ukraine, the Baltic States & Eurasia HYPERLINK "http://www.ncjw.org" National Council of Jewish Women HYPERLINK "http://www.youngisrael.org" \t "_blank" National Council of Young Israel HYPERLINK "http://www.ortamerica.org/site/PageServer?pagename=index" \t "_blank" ORT America HYPERLINK "http://www.rabbinicalassembly.org" \t "_blank" Rabbinical Assembly

HYPERLINK "http://www.rabbis.org" \t "_blank" Rabbinical Council of America HYPERLINK "http://www.rza.org" \t "_blank" Religious Zionists of America HYPERLINK "http://urj.org/index.cfm?" \t "_blank" Union for Reform Judaism HYPERLINK "http://www.ou.org" \t "_blank" Union of Orthodox Jewish Congregations of America HYPERLINK "http://www.uscj.org" \t "_blank" United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism HYPERLINK "http://www.wizo.org" \t "_blank" WIZO HYPERLINK "http://www.wlcj.org" \t "_blank" Womens League for Conservative Judaism HYPERLINK "http://wrj.rj.org" \t "_blank" Women of Reform Judaism HYPERLINK "http://www.circle.org" \t "_blank" Workmens Circle HYPERLINK "http://www.ort.org" World ORT HYPERLINK "http://www.jewishagency.org/JewishAgency/English/Home/Jewish+Agency+Resources/J AFI+WZO+Related+Sites/WZO/" \t "_blank" World Zionist Executive, US HYPERLINK "http://www.zoa.org" \t "_blank" Zionist Organization of America

Richard B. Stone Chairman Professor Richard Stone is on the faculty of Columbia University Law School, where he has held the Wilbur Friedman Chair in Tax Law since 1991. He is also a venture capitalist. He is the chairman of NCSJ, which advocates for the Jewish communities in the 15 republics that emerged from the Soviet Union. He has served as Vice President and on the Executive Committee of the New York JCRC and currently chairs its Government Relations Commission. He was the chairman of the Institute for Public Affairs, the public policy arm of the Orthodox Union, from 1992 to 2002 and served on the board and Executive Committee of JCPA from 2005 to 2009. He also served as Mayor Rudy Giuliani's representative from Manhattan on the board of the City University of New York (CUNY) from 1997-2000. He currently serves as a member of the board of the Hebrew Free Loan Society, the America-Israel Friendship League, the American Zionist Movement and the New York Metropolitan Coordinating Council on Jewish Poverty. Originally from New Orleans, La., Prof. Stone lives in New York City and has four children.

Malcolm I. Hoenlein Executive Vice Chairman

In June 1986, Malcolm Hoenlein was elected Executive Vice Chairman of the

Conference of Presidents of Major American Jewish Organizations, the coordinating body on international and national concerns for 52 national Jewish organizations. Previously, he served as the founding Executive Director of the Jewish Community

Relations Council of Greater New York, the central coordinating agency for Jewish organizations in the metropolitan New York area. Prior to that, he was the founding Executive Director of the Greater New York Conference on Soviet Jewry. Malcolm Hoenlein received his B.A. in Political Science from Temple University and completed his Masters degree and doctoral course work from the University of Pennsylvanias Department of International Relations. A National Defense Fellow in the Universitys Near East Center, Mr. Hoenlein taught International Relations in the Political Science Department and served as a Middle East specialist at the Foreign Policy Research Institute. In addition, he served on the editorial staff of ORBIS, the Journal of International Affairs. Mr. Hoenlein has traveled throughout the world meeting with world leaders and Jewish communities. He has written and lectured across the US and abroad on international relations, Israel and Middle East affairs, Soviet and World Jewry, terrorism, the American Jewish community, and intergroup relations. Mr. Hoenlein serves as an advisor to many public officials and is frequently consulted on public policy issues. He appears regularly in the media. Mr. Hoenlein has been the recipient of many awards and tributes. Among recent honors, he was conferred a Doctorate of Humane Letters (Honoris Causa) by Yeshiva University and a Doctorate of Laws (Honoris Causa) from Touro College and was honored by, among others, State of Israel Bonds for his valiant and extraordinary service to Israel and the Jewish people, the Private Sector Initiative Award from President Ronald Reagan, American ORT honored him with a special Man of the Millennium Tribute, the first Quittman Award for Jewish Professional Excellence, the Defender of Jerusalem Award, Millender Fellow at Brandeis University, Fellow of the Jerusalem College of Technology, the Jack D. Weiler Award for Jewish Communal Service, and the Union of Orthodox Jewish Congregations National Service Award. Mr. Hoenlein played a key role in organizing the massive National Solidarity Rally for Israel in Washington, DC. The Mayor of Jerusalem announced in 2007 that the City Council had designated Mr. Hoenlein recipient of the citys highest tribute, the Neeman Yerushalayim (Trustee of Jerusalem) award. Mr. Hoenlein was appointed by three Presidents as a U.S. delegate to the Organization for Security and Conference in Europe, most recently in

June 2007. He also served on the New York State Ethical Standards Board. Mr. Hoenlein is associated with and serves on the boards of many communal, educational and civic organizations including the Council on Foreign Relations. He is Chairman of Americas Voices in Israel and Co-Chair of the Secure Community Network. He serves on the Boards of Directors or Advisory Boards of several companies.

Newt Gingrich Gives Arab Spring Salute From The Christian Post Republican presidential candidate Newt Gingrich said the Arab Spring and the Muslim campaign against Catholic University are symptoms of a growing anti-Christian climate, and pledged to defend religious freedom around the globe.

From: Gingrich blames growth of anti-Christian sentiment on Arab spring HYPERLINK "http://life.nationalpost.com/author/specialnp/" \o "View all posts by Special to National Post" Special to National Post Nov 1, 2011 11:17 AM ET | Last Updated: Nov 1, 2011 11:22 AM ET

Newt Gingrich wearing a yarmulke (Photo: Getty)

Palestinians slam invented remarks by US politician by HYPERLINK "http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=443788" Maan News Agency in Ramallah, West Bank 10 December 2011 article abridged and re-edited Fatah and Hamas spoke out Saturday after a US presidential hopeful denied the existence of the Palestinian people. Newt Gingrich spoke of an invented Palestinian people who are in fact Arabs, a view that is considered far outside of the conventional view of historians, even Israeli academics.

Newt Gingrich wearing Jewish skullcap (yarmulke). Notice the Secret Arab Israeli Spring jester being performed as he points to his closed lips

Newt Gingrich puts Israel's interests first By Kristin Szremski American Muslims for Palestine First published on HYPERLINK "http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2011/12/201112198531153666.html" \t "_blank" Al Jazeera. Newt Gingrich, the former Speaker of the House who faded into obscurity after resigning in 1998 amid a sex scandal, is back and seemingly ready to say anything to become the next president of the United States - even if it means making sycophantic statements that pander to the pro-Israel lobby but that oppose US policy and the best interests of the American people. Gingrich apparently revised history when he told Jewish reporter Steven Weiss recently that the Palestinians are an "invented" people. He willfully obfuscated the fact that Palestinians' roots in the Holy Land go back thousands of years. He ignored that Palestinians and Palestine are mentioned in the Torah and the Bible; that they are referred to in many historical documents, including the 1917 Balfour Declaration, which gave British support for "the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people".

The potential GOP frontrunner is far from alone in his pandering to the pro-Israel lobby. Mitt Romney, running a close second to Gingrich, Rick Perry and Michelle Bachman, also have made concerted efforts to undermine President Barack Obama's Middle East policy while emphasising their own loyalty to Israel in attempts to gain the votes of Tea Partiers and Christian evangelicals, who are strongly pro-Israel. During the GOP debate in Des Moines, it appeared as if it were an open season on Palestinians. That Gingrich would intentionally contradict stated and long-standing US policy, which recognises the Palestinian people and their right for a state of their own, for his own selfinterest is extremely troubling. But even more problematic is the fact that Gingrich told Weiss he would consider granting clemency to one of the most notorious spies ever to infiltrate our national security agencies: Johathon Pollard. Pollard's release Pollard was sentenced to life in prison in 1986 after he confessed to spying for the state of Israel. Pollard, who was a civilian research analyst with high security clearance for the US Navy, had agreed to spy for Israel for 10 years in exchange for more than $500,000. According to a January 1999 article in the New Yorker by Seymour Hersh, Pollard "betrayed elements of four major American intelligence systems". He caused extensive damage to US intelligence and US national security because of the nature of the highly sensitive documents he sold to Israel. According to Hersh, Pollard gave up data dealing with specific American intelligence systems and how they worked, a "most sensitive area of intelligence". The espionage was so great that successive presidents have rejected Israel's pleas for Pollard's release. Gingrich told Weiss he'd consider granting clemency if Pollard were no longer a security threat and also had served time within the range of people with "similar problems". To be sure, seasoned politicians often have to compromise goals - sometimes even ideals - to achieve their own. But when a potential presidential candidate so easily panders to the interests of a foreign country and its lobby here, in the United States, over the interests of his fellow countrymen, he is clearly not fit to hold public office. And that is only one of the ways in which Gingrich is forwarding a Zionist agenda at the expense of Americans, which is readily seen in his "Class of Civilisations" narrative that became prominent in 2010 during the controversy surrounding the Park 51 mosque project. During the controversy, the country's favourable attitude towards Muslims fell 10 points (from 40 per cent to 30 per cent), according to a study co-authored by the Centre for Race and Gender at the University of California, Berkeley, and the Council on American Islamic Relations.

Islamophobic rhetoric That same report says Gingrich was one of those at the forefront of fuelling mistrust and hatred of Muslims. In other words, a former Speaker of the House was working against American unity by bringing divisive Islamophobic rhetoric into mainstream discourse. "He's inflamed tensions in the Middle East where the neutrality and integrity of the United States already is viewed with suspicion and hostility." The Constitution founded the United States as a pluralistic society; the First Amendment grants the free expression of religion. Yet Gingrich behaves as if allowing Muslims that right would lead to the loss of American values and liberty. Other credible reports - "The Great Isamophobic Crusade", by Max Blumenthal and "The Roots of the Islamophobic Network in America", by the Centre for American Progress - have exposed the link between Islamophobia and the pro-Israel entities behind it. Millions of dollars are funnelled into organisations bent on helping Israel maintain its occupation of Palestine. One way they accomplish this is by smearing anyone trying to raise awareness about Israel's continued violations of international law. Another way is to demonise Islam in the United States by planting outrageous and false innuendos of a "stealth jihad" here. Or they insinuate that there is a connection between American Muslims and overseas groups on the State Department's list of designated foreign terrorist organisations. These fallacies are then taken up and trumpeted about by unprincipled people like Gingrich. Gingrich seems to have no qualms allying himself to pro-Israel element and selling the values and safety of the US for his shot in the Oval Office. But based upon published reports, he's failed to impress the pro-Israel Jewish voters he was trying to court. Instead, he's inflamed tensions in the Middle East where the neutrality and integrity of the US already is viewed with suspicion and in some cases hostility, and he's proven he does not care about the people who, if he were elected president, he'd be sworn to protect. In trying to "out-Romney" Romney, Gingrich may have passed Israel's litmus test, but he hopelessly failed to show his loyalty to the US or the American people.

HYPERLINK "http://www.ktradionetwork.com/government/is-there-a-zionist-plotagainst-ron-paul/" Is There A Zionist Plot Against Ron Paul? January 25, 2012 by HYPERLINK "http://www.ktradionetwork.com/author/danny/" \o "Posts by Danny" Danny Filed under HYPERLINK "http://www.ktradionetwork.com/category/government/" \o "View all posts in Government" Government

HYPERLINK "http://www.ktradionetwork.com/government/is-there-a-zionist-plot-againstron-paul/" \l "comments" Leave a Comment January 25, 2012 InfoWars By Christopher Bollyn Ron Paul, a popular Southern conservative who supports states rights, supposedly came in fourth place in the South Carolina Republican primary on Saturday, January 21. The winner, according to the tally produced by the privately-owned voting machine company ES&S, was Newt Gingrich. Gingrich is supported by Sheldon Adelson, the Zionist casino billionaire who supports the most extreme hard-liners in the right-wing Likud in Israel. The Gingrich campaign received a $5 million donation from Sheldon Adelson the week before he won the South Carolina primary. Gingrich calls the indigenous Palestinian population an invented people and supports Israels right to attack Iran as self defense. Gingrich told CNN he would help Israel attack Iran and would move the U.S. embassy to Jerusalem on his first day in office by executive order. These are the hard-line positions Adelson is paying Gingrich to espouse. Mitt Romney is supported by the Crown family of Chicago, a Zionist family that is closely connected to Israeli military intelligence. Newt Gingrich, on the other hand, is supported by Sheldon Adelson, a Zionist billionaire who works closely with the same people. Are these different factions or is this a Zionist plot that has the same goal? The Zionist strategy is to stop the very popular conservative Ron Paul. Because there is obviously no candidate that can beat Paul in popularity or on the issues, the Zionists are supporting a slew of venal candidates in order to steal as many votes as possible from Paul. These candidates are essentially a gang of Zionist-funded candidates who form the anti-Paul coalition. Using privately-owned and controlled electronic voting systems like ES&S, the South Carolina primary shows how the Zionists plan to block Ron Paul from being the Republican nominee From this event, one can state as fact not theory, that Israel and its supporters in the US are actively working to derail Ron Pauls race towards the GOP nomination, and the Presidency. This fact alone, should be cause for alarm from even the most moderate of public corridors. Should a foreign country, in this case Israel, be allowed to buy a significant influence through the media in American democratic elections? Should candidates be allowed to accept donations even indirectly, from foreign interest PACs or agents thereof, thus creating a serious conflict of interest, and threat to national security? - Israeli Lobby launch new Super PAC effort to bring down Ron Paul , by Patrick Henningsen, Global Research, 21 January 2012

After two weeks, the Republican Party of Iowa released its certified tally of the January 3 caucus. The certified final tally released on January 18 indicates that Mitt Romney did not win the Iowa caucus and that the results had been manipulated to give Romney the important first victory. The scale of the fraud in the Iowa caucus is so large that it suggests that there was a hidden hand manipulating the data from across the state as it was sent to party headquarters to give the victory to Romney. This suggests that the people behind Romney are likely to be the people behind the vote fraud, i.e. Lester Crown, Israeli intelligence, and the Zionist Fifth Column in the United States.

INCLUDEPICTURE "http://kiaoragaza.files.wordpress.com/2011/12/osama-alqawasmeh.jpg?w=105&h=150" \* MERGEFORMATINET Fatah official Osama al-Qawasmeh (left) said the Palestinian peoples existence and identity were not dependent on Gingrich, whose remarks invoke racial hostility against Palestinians. Hamas spokesmanFawzi Barhoum called the statements shameful and disgraceful.

Newt Gingrichs Deep Neocon Ties Drive His Bellicose Middle East Policy
by Wayne Barrett Jan 30, 2012 4:45 AM EST If elected, Gingrich would be the first American president to emerge from the dark thinktank world born in the Reagan era that gave us the Iraq war and lusts now for an Iranian reprise. The Daily Beast closely examines Gingrichs long-time association with this discredited group.

Casino king HYPERLINK "http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/01/18/is-gingrich-shard-line-on-palestine-paid-for-by-sheldon-adelson.html" Sheldon Adelsons multi-milliondollar cache of chips-on-the-table for Newt Gingrichs presidential campaign has at last made him a household name outside of Las Vegas. But it isnt just Adelsons brand of pro-Israel, donor-driven saber-rattling thats pushing Gingrich into far-out positions on virtually every Middle East-related question, from applauding the assassination of Iranian scientists to painting

Palestinians as an historical concoction to requiring loyalty oaths from Muslim governmental appointees. INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.thedailybeast.com/content/dailybeast/articles/2012/01/30/newt-gingrich-s-deepneocon-ties-drive-his-bellicose-middle-eastpolicy/_jcr_content/body/inlineimage.img.jpg/1327889846970.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET Matt Rourke / AP Photo Since his days in the House, Gingrich has always attached himself to the most extreme neocon elements of American and Israeli politics. Adelsons $18 million in contributions since 2006 only further fueled Newts already chronic case of bombast. And as record-making as Adelsons super PAC and other gifts to Newt are, they wouldnt cover the cost of a single airstrike on a single Iranian facility. The price tag on what Gingrich calls maximum covert operations and possibly a HYPERLINK "http://swampland.time.com/2011/12/13/newtgingrich-contemplates-war-with-iran/" \t "_blank" full-scale war on Iranboth acceptable to Gingrich--would surely compete with the human and fiscal costs of the last conflagration he helped drag us intothe war in Iraq that has gone almost wholly unmentioned this primary season.

If elected, Gingrich would be the first American president to emerge from the dark think-tank world born in the Reagan era that gave us the Iraq War and lusts now for an Iranian reprise. A Likudnik version of the Manchurian candidate, Newt has spent much of his post-Congress life in the grasp of warrior colonies like the HYPERLINK "http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/think-tanked/post/john-bolton-to-newt-gingrich-focuson-nomination-before-secretary-of-state/2011/12/09/gIQAO9pEiO_blog.html" \t "_blank" American Enterprise Institute (AEI), the think tank where he became a senior fellow two months after he stepped down as speaker in 1999, remained until he declared for president last May, and worked at times alongside Dick and Lynne Cheney, Richard Perle, John Bolton, Michael Ledeen, and Paul Wolfowitz, the first Bush battalion to euphemistically land in Baghdad, self-dispatched well before 9/11. As if spending three times as much time at AEI than he did as speaker wasnt enough bloodless abstraction for him, Gingrich simultaneously became a distinguished visiting fellow at HYPERLINK "http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/1999/06/16/MN46107.DTL" \t "_blank" Stanfords Hoover Institute, where Don Rumsfeld was welcomed with open arms when George Bush finally had had enough of him and where Condoleezza Rice returned as a senior fellow after her eight years in the Bush administration. Gingrich was one of eight Hoover fellows to serve on the Pentagons Defense Policy Board, the official war incubator

chaired by ringleader Perle, and he also signed on as a board member of the AEI-tied HYPERLINK "http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2002-11-15/news/0211150153_1_saddamhussein-liberation-of-iraq-new-group" \t "_blank" Committee for the Liberation of Iraq, a front group recruited by the White House. Gingrich rushed as well to join the Committee on the Present Danger, a suddenly reincarnated ex-Cold War lobby embarrassed when its HYPERLINK "http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Front_Page/HF23Aa01.html" \t "_blank" managing director had to resign after revelations that hed lobbied on behalf of a nativist Austrian party that still admired the orderliness of the Third Reich. The Present Danger group, which also included Perle, was closely linked to the Foundation for the Defense of Democracies, another post-9/11 intellectual arsenal that listed Gingrich as one of its four distinguished advisers, equal in rank to such other pro-Israel hawks as Joe Lieberman. As early as October 15, 2001, four days before the Afghanistan ground war began, Gingrich was already writing that HYPERLINK "http://www.aei.org/article/foreign-and-defensepolicy/regional/asia/we-cannot-afford-to-shrink-from-this-war/" \t "_blank" defeating the Taleban (sic) without defeating Saddam is like defeating imperial Japan and leaving the Nazis alone. That November, he helped lay the WMD groundwork for an Iraq invasion, claiming hed personally talked to a defector whod headed the Iraq nuclear program and that this unimpeachable source told him HYPERLINK "http://www.heritage.org/research/lecture/theroad-ahead-securing-the-home-front-in-the-21st-century?lfa=Protect-America,ProtectAmerica,Protect-America" \t "_blank" there were 7,000 people working on nuclear weapons in Iraq. Gingrich concluded that any reasonable person would have to come to the conclusion that Saddam intends to use them the first chance he gets. This is, said the sage who now makes the same speech about Iran, Hitler in 1935. In 2002, his Washington Times op-ed opposed U.N. inspections of WMD facilities, insisting that the case had already been so well established that every day spent waiting while inspections proceeded would be another day for Saddam to expand his WMD program. Ken Adelman, another member of the Defense Policy Board, told Salon in 2006 that Rumsfeld thought very highly of Gingrich and that, unlike other members of the DPB, Newt was invited repeatedly to visit the U.S. militarys Central Command (Centcom) headquarters in Tampa, Florida, and had actually worked on war plans and proved very valuable, a contention verified by Rick Tyler, the Gingrich spokesman then who is now running the super PAC funded by Adelsons bellicose bounty. Gingrich himself told The New Yorker that he had HYPERLINK "http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2001/11/26/011126fa_FACT" \t "_blank" pretty remarkable access to all senior leadership in the White House, from Rice to Karl Rove to his old House buddy Dick Cheney, whom he was scheduled to meet with on September 11,

2001. Gingrichs regular tipsheet emails to Rumsfeld during the war could run as long as 12 pages. Two ex-Gingrich military aides, William Luti and William Bruner, were ensconced in Doug Feiths notoriously dubious Pentagon intelligence unit, and reportedly remained in touch with the ex speaker. In an HYPERLINK "http://www.charlierose.com/view/interview/1849" \t "_blank" hour-long 2003 interview with Charlie Rose, Gingrich offered an historical endorsement of pre-emptive war, describing it almost as an American habit, and said he was fairly involved in the Iraq attack, calling himself the longest-serving teacher in the military with 21 years of teaching brigadier and major generals at the National War College. I talk to people, he explained. One of the people he was talking to was Ahmad Chalabi, the leader of the Iraqi National Congress, a Shiite exile group. Chalabi was a prized pro-Israel Muslim dedicated to the overthrow of Saddam, who was widely seen by AEI hawks and elsewhere as the PLOs banker, at one time trying to dump a reported $100 million into Yasir Arafat's coffers. Chalabi convinced his neocon backers that his government in Iraq would end its trade boycott of Israel and even revive a flourishing Iraq-to-Israel oil pipeline. Just a week after 9/11, Gingrich attended a HYPERLINK "http://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/03/world/calls-for-new-push-into-iraq-gain-power-inwashington.html?scp=1&sq=The&pagewanted=2" \t "_blank" two-day planning session of Perles Defense Policy Board, where Chalabi was the honored guest lecturer. Chalabi was unmistakably the supplier of Gingrichs ballyhooed secret defector source, whose WMD information would prove as bogus as Chalabi himself. HYPERLINK "http://motherjones.com/politics/2004/01/lie-factory" \t "_blank" Chalabis handler inside the Bush administration was Gingrichs former aide Bruner. In the buildup to the invasion and immediate aftermath, Chalabi, who met Gingrich, Cheney, Wolfowitz, and Rumsfeld at AEI events in the late 90s, was a fount of misinformation, derided by intelligence professionals but revered within the Gingrich circle. No one embodies Newts and AEIs clueless Iraq miscalculations better than Chalabi. That circle had been campaigning for years to install Chalabi as Saddams replacement, despite Chalabis conviction-in-absentia on Jordan bank fraud charges, 45-year absence from Iraq, and the utter failure of his ++attempted 1995-1996 violent overthrow of the Iraqi regime. Perle, Bolton, Ledeen, Wolfowitz, and other neocons HYPERLINK "http://www.newamericancentury.org/iraqclintonletter.htm" \t "_blank" wrote President Clinton a 1998 letter urging him to back Chalabis coup, and Gingrich championed the siren call. Gingrich even helped steer one 1998 Iraq liberation bill through Congress, awarding Chalabis group up to $97 million in American aid to orchestrate an overthrow. The same crew

left no doubt in 2003 and 2004 that dumping Saddam for Chalabi remained their goal. Its one thing for Newt, who gave his think-tank life a chatty frat aura during his Rose interview, to drink the AEI, Hoover, DPB, Present Danger, Liberation committee, Cheney/Rummy, Centcom, War College, Chalabi Kool-Aid. Its quite another to take it intravenously in both arms until bloated. What is most amazing about the national press corps is that we can have 19 debates and not hear a single memorable question about the war that is Americas greatest international debacle since Vietnam, with no moderator even wondering if Newts role as at least a junior planner schmoozing away at Centcom and in the AEI home office of its architects, merits questioning. Everyone agreed in 2008 that Hillarys war vote and Obamas early opposition helped decide that race; yet Newts enlistment in the Cheney/Rummy army that planned and boosted it goes unmentioned (as does Rick Santorums vote for it). Arent we all entitled to learn, as my colleague HYPERLINK "http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/01/23/newt-gingrich-mitt-romney-gop-forgetiraq-mistake-in-push-for-iran-war.html" Peter Beinart already suggested, if Gingrich thinks he made a mistake in the lead-up to the war and if hes learned anything from it? Since the WMD language about Iran now used by Gingrich and his neocon allies is almost identical to war whoops that took us into Iraq, why should we listen to the same seers? Its not just the Republican tax cut and deregulation answers on the economy that give us that dj vu premeltdown chill, its the Iran drum roll as well. Do all of the media stars on the stage with these guys live in the same time warp, as lesson-learned adverse as the candidates themselves? When President Obama announced the final pullout of troops from Iraq last December, Gingrich was asked about it on Face the Nation and, as usual, he cherrypicked from a wide variety of his post-invasion quotes to claim clairvoyance about the debacle, citing statements he made in December 2003 to HYPERLINK "http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2003/12/14/dissent-in-the-bunker.html" Newsweek about Ambassador Paul Bremer taking the U.S. off the cliff by giving us an assignment we couldnt do, ostensibly supplanting the Iraqi government with one of our own. Weve lost several thousand young Americans, he mourned, noting how many more were wounded, undertaking a project that we couldnt do. This remorseless and revisionist post-mortem, perhaps the low point in a gutter campaign, tried to turn the 2003 critique of easy target Bremer upside down, making it appear that Gingrich was a war opponent, though he vowed in that same Newsweek story that victory was the only exit strategy. All Gingrich was urging back then, joined by his AEI colleagues, was that the U.S. invent an instant government with well-chosen Iraqis up front, preferably Chalabi, who was in Washington from Iraq when Gingrich did the Newsweek interview, making a pitch to be

anointed president. In January 2004, Chalabi attended the state of the union speech as a balcony guest of Laura Bush, and Gingrich celebrated it on Fox that night. He pointed out that Chalabi was sitting right behind the first lady and that Bush had put Chalabi there to send a signal, adding: Thats exactly what I was hoping for back in that Newsweek interview. Perle and David Frum published a book that January with the same critique as Gingrich: HYPERLINK "http://books.google.com/books? id=Bp6kj6SbgtYC&pg=PA31&lpg=PA31&dq=Chalabi+and+an+end+to+evil&source=bl&ots =i2qzstibgZ&sig=CT5qGKDhaaMVGNXONtzNXn0XTx8&hl=en&sa=X&ei=JrglT5fcBaLb0 QHitJnWCA&ved=0CCAQ6AEwAA%20-%20v=onepage&q=Our%20choice%20was %20either%20to%20work" \t "_blank" Our choice was either to work with Chalabi or to rule Iraq ourselvesand unfortunately we backed ourselves into that second alternative. A couple of months after Chalabis state of the union debut, U.S. military and Iraqi police, prompted by Bremer, HYPERLINK "http://www.salon.com/2004/05/04/chalabi_4/" \t "_blank" raided Chalabis home and office in response to allegations that he was spying for Iran. Even though the Bush administration cut off the monthly stipend it was paying Chalabi after that raid, Gingrich stood by AEIs man. Chalabi announced for president in 2005, but his party only won one fourth of one percent of the vote, actually slightly better than the one eighth of one percent it won a couple of years later. By 2008, General David Petraeuss spokesman HYPERLINK "http://books.google.com/books? id=x3_99brGwvQC&pg=PT350&lpg=PT350&dq=Chalabi+dead+to+us,&source=bl&ots=cJ FFtrN52k&sig=OVrfIUNoluFBxe3wmi2Mj4kVxow&hl=en&sa=X&ei=VaIkT6W9Oabg0QH d-oTXCA&ved=0CCAQ6AEwAA%20-%20v=onepage&q=Chalabi%20dead%20to %20us,&f=false" \t "_blank" was declaring Chalabi dead to us, as the evidence of his disturbing Iranian ties continued to mount. While Gingrich intermittently repeated his occupation objection into 2006, and continues to say now that he was a go in and get out kind of guy, that claim is flatly contradicted by his 2007 denunciations of any deadlines for withdrawal. He called the Democratic deadline bills the most serious effort to legislate the defeat of America in a generation. HYPERLINK "http://www.humanevents.com/article.php?id=25901" \t "_blank" In a 2008 Human Events piece, inspired by the surge, Gingrich proclaimed success is being achieved and victory is possible, assailing those who prefer defeat to continued struggle. The single constant of his Iraq potpourri of positions was that HYPERLINK "http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/1112/07/sitroom.02.html" \t "_blank" one war wasnt enough. He reveled in references to a needed HYPERLINK "http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2012/01/world-war-newt/" \t "_blank" World War III, called for a large worldwide strategy of victory, and regretted that the Bush team has yet to

come to grips with how big and complex this war on terror has to be, listing the Saudis, Syria, Iran, and others on his own target board. If Bush II felt an obligation to finish the job his papa left undone, Gingrich is ever ready to clean up behind both, facing down or fighting every citadel of terror. In the HYPERLINK "http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2012/01/fact-checking-the-newhampshire-debate/" \t "_blank" January 7 ABC debate, it was Newt who brought up Iraq in response to a question about Afghanistan, noting that the situation there began decaying within 24 hours of our last troops leaving, making him sound as if he opposed withdrawal. Thats when Rick Perry had another oops moment, urging that we send troops back in, predicting that unless we did, were going to see Iran move back in at the speed of light, making Iraq an Iranian colony. Newt said, If youre worried about the Iranians in Iraq, develop a strategy to replace the Iranian dictatorship and Iraq will be fine. With the same certitude that he and his sidekicks dragged us into the Iraq War, he was ready to start a new one to finally win the last one. Gingrichs ties to the cabal that gave us the Iraq War go back at least to the mid 90s, when he took over the House. In August 1994, he went to Israel with his then wife Marianne on an eight-day trip paid for by AIPAC, the premier pro-Israel lobby. By her own account, thats when she met Robert Loewenberg, who ran both the Israel Export Development Corporation (IEDC), a business group championing a tax-free, high-tech trade zone, and the Institute for Advanced Strategic & Political Studies (IASPS), a think tank with ties to the Likud Party that resembled AEIs ties to the Republican Party in the U.S. A job for Marianne with IEDC almost immediately materialized, offered shortly before Gingrichs smashing victory that November, when the Republicans retook the House for the first time in 40 years and Newt was elected speaker. Newt was simultaneously discussing trade policy with Israeli officials. Marianne got a promotion soon after Gingrich became Speaker, though shed only been with the company a couple of months. Marianne later freely conceded that the think tank and export company were intertwined, with several of the same funders and staffers, many of which were American. Vin Weber, a former congressman and Newt insider, was both a Washington lobbyist for IEDC, rounding up support for it in Congress, and a trustee of the think tank. Though Marianne worked for the IEDC briefly, she was helping to put together fundraisers for the think tank as late as June 1997. Throughout the time of her varied associations with IEDC and IASPS, which ultimately led to a two-year, uneventful, HYPERLINK "http://www.dcbureau.org/201112136815/nationalsecurity-news-service/newt-gingrich-marianne-and-the-arms-dealera-buried-fbiinvestigation.html" \t "_blank" FBI bribery investigation, her husband was growing closer and closer to Bibi Netanyahu, the Likud leader preparing to challenge either of the two Labor Party

prime ministers who served during those yearsYitzhak Rabin, who was assassinated in 1995, and his temporary successor, Shimon Peres. Netanyahu beat Peres in an exceptionally close election in 1996 and served until 1999, when he badly lost a reelection bid and left office a few months after Gingrich did (Netanyahu was elected again in 2009 and is serving as PM now). I think Netanyahu and I are visionaries, said Gingrich after their near-simultaneous demises, and visionaries have mercurial careers. Oddly, when Gingrich became speaker in 1995 and was so busy trying to implement the Contract for America in his first hundred days, it was reported that the only visitor he allowed to break his single-minded focus was Netanyahu, who was an opposition leader of a foreign country, an unusual selection. He also met Sheldon Adelson, Netanyahus most important American ally, in 1995. Itamer Rabinovich, Israels ambassador to Washington from 1993 to 1996, later observed, HYPERLINK "http://mondoweiss.net/2011/12/adelson-is-helpinggingrich-as-he-once-helped-bush.html" \t "_blank" At the time, Bibi used Gingrich to pressure the president when it came to issues relating to the peace process. The think tank IASPS, a leading peace process opponent with offices in Israel and Washington, prepared a manifesto for Netanyahu that was issued shortly after he took office in June 1996 called HYPERLINK "http://www.iasps.org/strat1.htm" \t "_blank" Clean Break: A New Strategy for Securing the Realm that urged the end of land for peace negotiations. Gingrich was the only American political leader named in the treatise, which recommended policies it said could electrify and find support from a broad spectrum of congressional leaders, starting with Newt. Clean Break was primarily written by IASPSs research director David Wurmser, a little known commander with lots of firepower in Richard Perles neocon army. Having worked with Perle since he was in his 20s, Wurmser was recruited by him to found the Middle East Studies unit at AEI shortly after he finished Clean Break. He says Gingrich and Perle worked together at AEI on a project. Wurmser is particularly significant now because Gingrich not only named him to his campaigns 13-member national security advisory team, but also designated him as his primary Middle East adviser. Wurmser told The Daily Beast that Gingrich understands as an historian and a political observer much more clearly than anyone else in the presidential field what divides us in the Middle East and causes this tension. Perle, Feith, Loewenberg, and Wurmsers wife, Meyrav, were among the six-member study group that produced Clean Break, and Perle HYPERLINK "http://books.google.com/books? id=lS_6GeiTHNwC&lpg=RA2-PA17&vq=perle&pg=RA1-PA63" \l "v=onepage&q&f=true" \t "_blank" hand-delivered it to Netanyahu, though he denied in a brief interview with The Daily Beast that hed played much of a role in it. Netanyahu used some of its conclusions to undergird his first appearance before a joint session of Congress and in his

initial policy discussions with the Clinton administration that July. In fact, IASPS and the related export company where Marianne worked, IEDC, were so tied into the Netanyahu administration that the IEDC lawyer became Bibis finance minister. Though Clean Break was a master plan for a radically redrawn Middle East map affecting Syria and Palestine, its centerpiece was a breakthrough call for regime change in Iraq. Ahmad Chalabi was never named in the document, but its reliance on Shia with strong ties to Jordanian Hashemites to unseat Saddam was seen by Middle East commentators as a reference to Chalabi, with others noting that the details revealed telltale intelligence supplied by Chalabi. When Wurmser published an AEI book in early 1999 called Tyrannys Ally, another think tank declaration of war against Saddam, he named Chalabi in the second paragraph as his mentor whod guided my understanding of the Middle East. Wurmsers salute to Perle was more poignant, saying hed known Perle since college and that Perle had liberated many of my family members from the Czech Republic. Perle wrote the foreword to Wurmsers book, which celebrated the 1998 formalization of the alliance that Clean Break anticipated, with Jordans King Hussein and Chalabi having actually met in Washington to endorse a joint insurgency in Iraq, a widely dismissed neocon fantasy even at that time. Wurmser devoted a chapter to Common CauseJordan and the Iraqi National Congress, and Gingrich led the charge on the Hill to fund this dream. By late 2000, Wurmser was writing in the Washington Times that the U.S. had to strike fatally, not merely disarm, the centers of radicalism in the regionthe regimes of Damascus, Baghdad, Tripoli, Tehran, and Gaza to re-establish that fighting with the U.S. or Israel is suicidal. Right after 9/11, Wurmser was retained by Wolfowitz as a Pentagon consultant, followed by a stint as senior adviser to John Bolton (who Newt has announced will be his secretary of state), and concluding with four years under Cheney. When he left in 2007, it was only after hed already begun criticizing Secretary of State Rices new efforts to reignite a peace process and launch talks with Iran, strategies he deplored. He told The Daily Beast that he found Rices Palestinian peace talk efforts inappropriate and surreal, once more in agreement with Gingrich and Netanyahu, who blasted them even though the then Israeli prime minister, Ehut Olmert, participated in the talks. News accounts indicated that Wurmser testified in the grand jury investigating the leaks about CIA agent Valerie Plame and was even the subject of an FBI inquiry looking into the passing of secret information to Israel. Asked if he testified in the Plame case, Wurmser told us, I am not sure what the legal stuff isif Im allowed to say or not. You can say I was affected by it. Gingrichs views on Iran in the campaign are a reiteration of positions Wurmser took as far back as 2007, and are reminiscent of his Iraq advice. Limited strikes against Iranian nuclear targets would be useless, Wurmser said then and Gingrich says now. Only if what we do is

placed in the framework of a fundamental assault on the survival of the regime, Wurmser declared, HYPERLINK "http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1565235/US-mustbreak-Iran-and-Syria-regimes.html" \t "_blank" will it have a pick-up among ordinary Iranians. If we start shooting, we must be prepared to fire the last shot. Dont shoot a bear if youre not going to kill it. So, if this is the Iraq sequel Adelsons seed money would fund in a Gingrich administration, Wurmser is supplying the script. Since the WMD language about Iran now used by Gingrich and his neocon allies is almost identical to war whoops that took us into Iraq, why should we listen to the same seers? In addition to Wurmser, another one-time researcher for the defunct IASPS and current Iran war booster, Ilan Berman, is on the Gingrich advisory team, as are two more former colleagues from AEI and one from Hoover. Also on it is ex-CIA director James Woolsey, whom Wurmser saluted in the acknowledgments of his Iraq book, and who was a member of four of the groups Newt joinedPresent Danger, Iraq liberation, Foundation for the Defense of Democracies and the Pentagons Defense Policy Board. Woolseys law firm represented Chalabis INC. Gingrichs comfort level with advisers like Wurmser can only mean that he still shares the stubborn worldview inaugurated a decade and a half ago in Clean Break, unencumbered by a need to explain their disastrous decade in Iraq and elsewhere. The media treats Wurmser, Newt, and the rest of this hardline and hardheaded constellation of advisers as if none of this happened, as quiescent at the end of this nightmare as they were when it started. Once again, Netanyahus needs are the subtext, as they were in 90s, and as Ariel Sharons were in the leadup to the war. In this arena, where trillions of dollars and thousands of lives are at stake, there is no accountability or memory. Even as the same voices call us to war one more time. Correction: The original version of this story included an embedded link in the text to a blog called the Neocon Zionist Threat. The author did not use this site in the reporting of the piece, and does not support the views expressed. The link has been redirected to the HYPERLINK "http://books.google.com/books?id=lS_6GeiTHNwC&lpg=RA2-PA17&vq=perle&pg=RA1PA63" \l "v=onepage&q&f=true" \t "_blank" correct source. Research assistance was provided by Jillian Anthony, Irina Ivanova, Clarissa Len, Nicole Marsh, and Kyle Roerink. Like HYPERLINK "http://www.facebook.com/thedailybeast" \t "_blank" The Daily Beast on Facebook and HYPERLINK "http://twitter.com/thedailybeast" \t "_blank" follow us on Twitter for updates all day long. Wayne Barrett is a Newsweek/Daily Beast contributor and a fellow at the HYPERLINK "http://www.nationinstitute.org/fellows/1270/wayne_barrett/" \t "_blank" Nation Institute. He is the author of a number of books, including HYPERLINK

"http://www.nationinstitute.org/featuredwork/books/1284/rudy %21_an_investigative_biography/" \t "_blank" Rudy!, an investigative biography of former New York City mayor Rudy Giuliani, and a biography of Donald Trump. Barrett began his career at The Village Voice in 1973, where he covered city politics and local government for nearly four decades. For inquiries, please contact The Daily Beast at HYPERLINK "mailto:editorial@thedailybeast.com" editorial@thedailybeast.com.

HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/2011/05/20/americas-arabdeception-and-the-greater-war-on-free-humanity/" Americas Arab Deception And The Greater War On Free Humanity May 20, 2011: Tony Cartalucci / HYPERLINK "http://www.prisonplanet.com/" Prison Planet.com - May 20, 2011 Bangkok, Thailand May 20, 2011 As Adolf Hitler noted, all propaganda has to be popular and has to accommodate itself to the comprehension of the least intelligent of those whom it seeks to reach. Certainly the writers handing US President Barack Obama his HYPERLINK "http://www.newstatesman.com/blogs/the-staggers/2011/05/speech-washington-barack-obama" Middle East speech had a particularly ignorant audience in mind. Holding to the narrative that the Arab Spring uprising were spontaneous Obama would parrot, It is not America that put people into the streets of Tunis and Cairo it was the people themselves who launched these movements, and must determine their outcome. However, HYPERLINK "http://landdestroyer.blogspot.com/2011/04/official-arab-springsubversion-us.html" the Arab Spring was entirely engineered, prepared for, activists trained,

funded, and equipped by the United States, years in advance, based on successes and experience garnered from decades of extraterritorial meddling. In particular, a coalition between the HYPERLINK "http://landdestroyer.blogspot.com/2011/03/us-department-ofimperial-expansion.html" US State Department, NGOs, corporations, and HYPERLINK "http://landdestroyer.blogspot.com/2011/02/googles-revolution-factory.html" organizations entirely contrived for the sole purpose of fomenting unrest in foreign nations, began as early as 2008 preparing for what is now unfolding in the Middle East and North Africa. Beyond a mere conspiracy theory, the New York Times itself conceded in an article titled, HYPERLINK "http://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/15/world/15aid.html? pagewanted=1&_r=2&emc=eta1" U.S. Groups Helped Nurture Arab Uprisings, that a number of the groups and individuals directly involved in the revolts and reforms sweeping the region, including the April 6 Youth Movement in Egypt, the Bahrain Center for Human Rights and grass-roots activists like Entsar Qadhi, a youth leader in Yemen, received training and financing from groups like the International Republican Institute, the National Democratic Institute and Freedom House, a nonprofit human rights organization based in Washington Also implicated in the New York Times report was the National Endowment for Democracy, which provided these organizations the bulk of their funding. Egypt & Tunisia The Egyptian April 6 Movement HYPERLINK "http://www.movements.org/blog/entry/firstaym-summit/" was in New York City as early as 2008 receiving training and an opportunity to network at the US State Department sponsored Alliance for Youth Movements (AYM) summit. In 2009, the April 6 Movement then HYPERLINK "http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/02/16/revolution_u" attended training at the UScreated CANVAS organization in Serbia before returning to Egypt to partake in the year-long run up to the revolution led by HYPERLINK "http://www.crisisgroup.org/en/about/board/Mohamed%20ElBaradei.aspx" International Crisis Group trustee Mohamed ElBaradei and his HYPERLINK "http://articles.latimes.com/2010/feb/24/world/la-fg-egypt-elbaradei25-2010feb25" National Front for Change. In fact, HYPERLINK "http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2010/02/201021955830950565.html" April 6 Movement members attempted to welcome ElBaradei when he first returned to Egypt back in February, 2010, almost a full year before the Arab Spring would begin. Alliance for Youth Movements HYPERLINK "http://www.movements.org/pages/sponsors" boasts major corporate support, as well as a partnership with the US State Department. The organization was contrived solely to foment unrest throughout target nations. Thus President Obama is an absolute, degenerate liar, intentionally misleading the American

people and the world abroad about what is unfolding throughout the Arab world. The level of duplicity is unprecedented as is the scale of the ambition of the corporate-financier interests driving this plot throughout the Middle East, North Africa, and outward HYPERLINK "http://landdestroyer.blogspot.com/2011/02/middle-east-then-world.html" toward Beijing and Moscow. Not only was Egypts unrest meticulously engineered and executed by the US, but so was the unrest in Tunisia, Syria, Yemen, Bahrain, and Libya. HYPERLINK "http://www.activistpost.com/2011/04/us-trains-activists-to-evadesecurity.html" In an April 2011 AFP report, Michael Posner, the assistant US Secretary of State for Human Rights and Labor, stated that the US government has budgeted $50 million in the last two years to develop new technologies to help activists protect themselves from arrest and prosecution by authoritarian governments. The report went on to explain that the US organized training sessions for 5,000 activists in different parts of the world. A session held in the Middle East about six weeks ago gathered activists from Tunisia, Egypt, Syria and Lebanon who returned to their countries with the aim of training their colleagues there. Posner would add, They went back and theres a ripple effect. The ripple effect Posner is talking about is of course the unrest Obama claims was launched by the people themselves. Libya Perhaps the most absurd proposition of all is the attempt to portray the events in Libya as a spontaneous peoples revolution. In fact, for 30 years the US, UK, and the US-created AlQaeda, supported armed militants in Libyas east in their bid to overthrow Qaddafi. Hopefully the following time-line will lay to rest the official narrative as the profane lie that it is. 1980 s: HYPERLINK "http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field %28DOCID+ly0114%29" US-CIA backed National Front for the Salvation of Libya HYPERLINK "http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/africa-mideast/libyas-majoropposition-forces-united-beneath-tricolour-rebel-flag/article1922712/" (NFSL) made multiple attempts to assassinate Qaddafi and initiate armed rebellion throughout Libya. 1990 s: Noman Benotman and the HYPERLINK "http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/mar/01/gaddafi-libya-al-qaida-lifg-protesters" Libyan Islamic Fighting Group (LIFG) wage a campaign of terror against Qaddafi with Osama Bin Ladens assistance. 1994: LIFG HYPERLINK "http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle-east/gaddafislibya-reminds-us-it-issued-the-first-bin-laden-arrestwarrant/2011/05/04/AFLEJJqF_story.html" kills 2 German anti-terrorism agents. Qaddafi seeks arrest warrant for Osama Bin Laden in connection to the attack but is blocked by MI6 who was concurrently aiding the LIFG.

2003: Upon Qaddafis abandonment of WMD programs, Libyas HYPERLINK "http://www.vancouversun.com/news/West+fears+over+spectre+Qaida+among+rebels/452277 6/story.html" collaboration with MI6 & the CIA to identify and expose the LIFG networks begins, giving Western intelligence a windfall of information regarding the group. Ironically this information would give Western nations an entire army to rebuild and turn against Qaddafi in 2011. 2005: HYPERLINK "http://www.khaleejtimes.com/DisplayArticle.asp? xfile=data/middleeast/2005/June/middleeast_June720.xml&section=middleeast" NFSLs Ibrahim Sahad founds the National Conference of Libyan Opposition (NCLO) in London England. 2011: Early February, the London based NCLO HYPERLINK "http://www.asharqe.com/news.asp?section=1&id=24095" calls for a Libyan Day of Rage, beginning the February 17th revolution. 2011: Late February, NFSL/NCLOs Ibrahim Sahad is leading opposition rhetoric, HYPERLINK "http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=FI8r-vOWBNE" literally in front of the White House in Washington D.C. Calls for no-fly zone in reaction to unsubstantiated accusations Qaddafi is strafing unarmed protesters with warplanes. 2011: Late February, Senators HYPERLINK "http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2011/02/27/politics/main20036923.shtml" Lieberman and McCain and UK PM HYPERLINK "http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/politics/cameron-says-world-could-supply-armsto-libyan-rebels-2228510.html" David Cameron call for providing air cover for Libyan rebels as well as providing them additional arms. 2011: Early March; it is revealed UK SAS HYPERLINK "http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5gGIyzVuOEs8ESVqYjnGfas6BGNN w?docId=f6359022f881468692af38545e5e9d6d" special forces are already operating inside Libya. 2011: Mid-March; HYPERLINK "http://www.kansascity.com/2011/03/17/2733732/no-flyzone-authorized-for-libya.html" UN adopts no-fly zone over Libya, including air strikes. Immediately, the mission is changed from protecting civilians to ousting Qaddafi. Egypt HYPERLINK "http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704360404576206992835270906.html? mod=WSJ_World_LEFTSecondNews" violates the arms embargo of UN r.1973 with Washingtons full knowledge by supplying Libyan rebels with weapons, while Al Qaedas ties to the rebels are admitted by everyone HYPERLINK

"http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/libya/8407047/Libyanrebel-commander-admits-his-fighters-have-al-Qaeda-links.html" including the rebels themselves. 2011: Late April; HYPERLINK "http://landdestroyer.blogspot.com/2011/04/libyan-war-getsweird.html" Documented evidence is revealed that Libyas rebels are conducting a barbaric campaign, employing extrajudicial killings, indiscriminate military force, child-soldiers, landmines, and torture. New York Times blames a lack of support. 2011: Late April, early May; Followed HYPERLINK "http://landdestroyer.blogspot.com/2011/04/assassinate-qaddafi.html" by calls to assassinate Qaddafi, ordnance crash HYPERLINK "http://landdestroyer.blogspot.com/2011/04/usmurders-children-in-bid-to.html" into his sons home killing him and 3 of Qaddafis grandchildren. NATO concurrently seeks HYPERLINK "http://rt.com/news/nato-groundoperation-libya/print/" a new UN resolution authorizing ground troops while aggressor states seek to release seized Libyan assets to the rebels. With the HYPERLINK "http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/news/middleeastreports/s_731085.html" USeducated Mahmoud Gibril Elwarfally, interim prime minister of the contrived rebel Libyan Transitional National Council, standing before the Brookings Institution for a HYPERLINK "http://www.brookings.edu/events/2011/0512_libya_opposition.aspx" May 12, 2011 talk saying whats taking place is a natural product of the globalizational process that started in the mid-80 s, any lingering doubts as to who these rebels are fighting for and what their final goal is, is laid to rest. Mahmoud Elwarfally, the rebel prime minister HYPERLINK "http://www.brookings.edu/events/2011/0512_libya_opposition.aspx" speaks before the Brookings Institution declaring the Libyan rebellion was a natural product of the globalizational process. Elwarfally would go on to talk about a new global cultural paradigm, and new global values, common values, shared by many young people. These young people, he says, are calling for human dignity, democracy, and inclusion at all levels of national government, repeating verbatim statements coming from geopolitical meddler Zbigniew Brzezinski and the myriad of US-funded NGOs that promote these new global values. Elwarfally would go on to reveal that Libyas future is to serve as a a lake to develop the skills of Africans to serve the needs of the European Union. Again we see a globalist trained stooge, not the people determining the fate of a nation mired in carefully crafted chaos. Whatever the people on the ground think they are truly fighting for,

it most likely diverges entirely from what Elwarfally articulated before his corporate-financier admirers amongst the Brookings Institution. Syria Syria has been HYPERLINK "http://landdestroyer.blogspot.com/2011/04/syria-interventioninevitable.html" slated for regime change since at least 1991. In 2002, under the Bush administration, HYPERLINK "http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/1971852.stm" Syria would be added to the growing Axis of Evil. It would be later revealed that this escalation was accompanied by covert funding for opposition groups inside of Syria. HYPERLINK "http://articles.cnn.com/2011-04-18/world/us.syria.opposition_1_syrianopposition-civil-society-damascus-declaration/2?_s=PM:WORLD" In an April 2011 CNN article, State Department spokesman Mark Toner was quoted as saying, Were not working to undermine that [Syrian] government. What we are trying to do in Syria, through our civil society support, is to build the kind of democratic institutions, frankly, that were trying to do in countries around the globe. Whats different, I think, in this situation is that the Syrian government perceives this kind of assistance as a threat to its control over the Syrian people. Toners remarks came after the HYPERLINK "http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/ussecretly-backed-syrian-opposition-groups-cables-released-by-wikileaksshow/2011/04/14/AF1p9hwD_story.html" Washington Post released cables indicating the US has been funding Syrian opposition groups since at least 2005 under the Bush administration and was continued under Obama. Coupled with HYPERLINK "http://www.activistpost.com/2011/04/us-trains-activists-to-evade-security.html" Posners remarks regarding the training of Syrian activists who were sent back to their homeland to confront their government, it is clear that it was not the people themselves who launched these movements. We will also see that it is most certainly not the people who determine their outcome either. Order Out of Chaos Mark Toners comments regarding US support for civil society that is attempting to build democratic institutions around the globe is in fact quite telling when one understands that civil society and democratic institutions are euphemisms for imperial networks. Such euphemisms are similar to the guise of spreading civilization the Romans and the British used as they conquered and subjugated populations globally. In the aftermath of US-funded unrest in Tunisia and Egypt, billions are being pledged to rebuild the nations via IMF and World Bank loans. Anticipating Hosni Mubaraks departure from power, the HYPERLINK "http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2048527,00.html" US had already begun

preparing an aid package to assist in constitutional reform, democratic development and election organizing before the embattled dictator even stepped down. It would be later revealed that HYPERLINK "http://landdestroyer.blogspot.com/2011/02/george-soros-egyptsnew-constitution.html" Soros-funded NGOs were already cobbling together draft constitutions as part of this US-led effort to reorder Egypt. After initially playing ignorant as to the nature of the unrest they themselves engineered, the HYPERLINK "http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/148657/20110520/obama-s-arab-springincentives-billions-for-egypt-tunisia.htm" US is now openly pledging billions to both Tunisia and Egypt via private investment companies as well as IMF and World Bank loans to stabilize their economies. Included in this aid is a $2 billion facility to support private investments in the region. In other words, economic liberalization is the goal, and HYPERLINK "http://landdestroyer.blogspot.com/2011/02/egypt-today-thailandtomorrow_12.html" as pointed out before, such liberalization is nothing more than imperialism, economic and military hegemony poorly redressed as something more palpable for the ignorant masses. Perhaps the best example of what the globalists designs are for any given nation, is an article written by the Economist titled, HYPERLINK "http://www.economist.com/node/2092719" Lets all go to the yard sale: If it all works out, Iraq will be a capitalists dream, regarding the military conquest and economic despoiling of the Mesopotamian nation. In their article they gleefully enumerate an ideal scenario for foreign investors including: 1. 100% ownership of Iraqi assets. 2. Full repatriation of profits. 3. Equal legal standing with local firms. 4. Foreign banks allowed to operate, or buy into local banks. 5. Income and corporate taxes capped at 15%. 6. Universal tariffs slashed to 5%. Students of history may recognize these conditions as similar to the results of British treaties made under the duress of their notorious gunboat diplomacy. It is the elimination entirely of national and economic sovereignty, subjugating the inferior nation indefinitely to the imperialists who imposed such liberalization upon them. This is the ultimate goal, and while HYPERLINK "http://landdestroyer.blogspot.com/2011/05/libyan-rebels-inspired-byglobalization.html" Libyas stooges-in-waiting openly confess they will be integrating their newly despoiled nation into the globalist combine, in other regions, such as Egypt and Tunisia, the transition will be more subtle as we wait for details of the proposed private investment schemes to emerge. Conclusion

The geopolitical reordering and the subtle economic subjugation of North Africa and the Middle East is but the first step HYPERLINK "http://landdestroyer.blogspot.com/2011/03/world-war-iii-one-nation-at-time.html" in a campaign meant to seize dominion of the world. As did all the empires before it, the global elite intend to spread their democracy just as the Romans and the British spread their civilized society. While Obama speaks of self-determination, the cornerstone of true freedom, the facts prove definitively that events throughout this Arab Spring have been engineered, prodded, manipulated, and exploited years in advance, for the specific goal of expanding the global elites economic and military hegemony throughout the world. The key to confounding this deception is to understand that degenerate liars like Obama are but paid actors upon the stage of public office, HYPERLINK "http://landdestroyer.blogspot.com/2011/03/naming-names-your-real-government.html" while corporations and bankers steer nations and regions through their think-tanks propelled forward with their ill-gotten wealth and their unwarranted influence. They use propaganda, such as the speech given by Obama regarding the current US-fueled conflagration in the Middle East to divide and distract us, mobilizing us in one of two predictable directions to either promote or oppose their agenda. This strategy of tension fails entirely when we see through it, see who is really behind it, and decide for HYPERLINK "http://landdestroyer.blogspot.com/2011/03/globalists-worst-nightmare.html" ourselves to pursue our own agenda, locally, self-sufficiently, independently and within the confines of true freedom. Obama Speech May 19, 2011 The Tonka Report Editors Note: one million frequent flyer miles? Since when has the Secretary of State Hillary Clinton flown commercial and been groped and scanned by TSA? This is how dumb they think we all are as they flaunt their narcissistic arrogance right in our face. This entire speech is a propaganda charade! - SJH Link to original article below HYPERLINK "http://www.prisonplanet.com/americas-arab-deception.html" http://www.prisonplanet.com/americas-arab-deception.html Written by Steven John Hibbs May 20, 2011 at 9:02 pm

INCLUDEPICTURE "http://alhittin.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/arab-spring.jpg?

w=500&h=318&h=318" \* MERGEFORMATINET Excellent article exposing the Arab Spring. SJH

On Saturday, January 15th 2012, I Gave the Same Gesture to Sunnis at Yonkers Railroad (Molech) Station and they laughed (the cab-drivers) in honesty. These Putin photos came in 56 minutes before I entered Larkin Library in Yonkers, January 17, 2012

Operation Odyssey Dawn Begins Posted by HYPERLINK "http://frontpagemag.com/author/ryan-mauro/" \o "Posts by Ryan Mauro" Ryan Mauro HYPERLINK "http://frontpagemag.com/2011/03/19/operation-odysseydawn-begins/" \l "bio#bio" Bio on Mar 19th, 2011 Today, on March 19, 2011, the U.S., U.K. and France at long last intervened in Libya as Qaddafis forces began the final assault to finish off the rebels. After thousands of deaths and incalculable destruction, Operation Odyssey Dawn began with air and missile strikes on Qaddafis tanks and air defenses in an attempt to perform an 11th hour rescue.

France fired the first shots by HYPERLINK "http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/03/19/libyafrance-planes-idUSPISJEE79L20110319" destroying four of Qaddafis tanks near Benghazi, the capital of the opposition. Over 100 Tomahawk missiles were then HYPERLINK "http://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/africa/03/19/libya.civil.war/index.html? hpt=T1&iref=BN1" fired from U.S. and British warships and submarines to destroy about 20 air defense sites. The immediate objective is to prevent Qaddafis forces from putting a quick end to the conflict by overrunning Benghazi and pave the way for the establishment of a no fly zone. Various European countries will soon be involved and Arab countries like the United Arab Emirates and Qatar are expected to contribute and Egypt is arming the rebels. The West says that the goal of military operations is not to overthrow Qaddafi. U.S. Vice Admiral William Gortney HYPERLINK "http://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/africa/03/19/libya.civil.war/index.html" said that the objective is to deny the Libyan regime from using force against its own people. French President Sarkozy HYPERLINK "http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/35dcc2c4-5232-11e0-8a3100144feab49a.html" \l "axzz1H4XYPUjt" said regime change is not being sought but Qaddafi must allow the Libyan people to choose their own destiny. The apparent goal is a ceasefire as Sarkozy HYPERLINK "http://www.spectator.co.uk/coffeehouse/6797693/french-planes-taketo-the-libyan-skies.thtml" stated the door to diplomacy will reopen when the fighting will stop. The Libyan uprising began on February 15 and escalated into a civil war as Qaddafis forces used brutal violence to try to crush its opponents, which included tactics such as HYPERLINK "http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?ID=209057&R=R1" machine-gunning attendees at funerals. The opposition consistently begged for help from the United States and international community that did not include the deployment of ground forces. The Libyan ambassador to the U.S. who turned against Qaddafi HYPERLINK "http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2011/mar/15/libyan-rebels-fault-us-inaction/" said in exasperation, All the options are on the table, they say all the time. I say, Take one option at least. He HYPERLINK "http://www.politico.com/blogs/bensmith/0211/ExLibyan_Ambassador_calls_for_stronger_Ob ama_statement.html" explained that the lack of U.S. action was vindicating anti-American beliefs in the Arab world that it has only a materialist mindthey dont care about human rightsexcept when it comes to their own interest. The public HYPERLINK "http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-12707276" prediction of the U.S. Director of National Intelligence that the rebels would lose certainly didnt help. A military commander in Tobruk who defected to the opposition HYPERLINK "http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/11054/1127214-82.stm" said that he hoped the West would

not be dissuaded from doing the right thing because of its oil business with Qaddafi. As far back as February 19, a woman in Benghazi was being HYPERLINK "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oYrWy8Tn0zA" interviewed on CNN where she begged over and over for help, pleading, Mr. Obama, please help us. France and the U.K. became the loudest supporters of establishing a no fly zone and supporting the rebels and France formally recognized the opposition. The U.S., on the other hand, delayed action as Qaddafis forces were able to turn the situation around and begin taking back territory. By the time the Arab League and United Nations approved a military intervention, many people had lost their lives and the rebels were on the brink of defeat. One HYPERLINK "http://af.reuters.com/article/commoditiesNews/idAFLDE72F1RY20110316" estimate put the number of deaths at 10,000. Qaddafi has reacted by HYPERLINK "http://au.news.yahoo.com/thewest/a/-/world/9041186/west-pounds-libya-gaddafi-vows-tofight/" saying Libya is the victim of barbaric, unjustified Crusaders aggression and vowed to make the Mediterranean Sea a real battlefield. He also HYPERLINK "http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/middle-east/To-my-Dear-Obama-our-son-saysGaddafi-defending-attack-on-rebels/articleshow/7743954.cms" wrote a strange letter of admiration to President Obama. Qaddafi told him that even though the U.S. and Libya are at war, you will always remain a son. He then asks for advice. What would you do if you found them [Al-Qaeda] controlling American cities with the power of weapons? What would you do, so I can follow your example, his spokesman read from his text. The Libyan dictator must now decide his next move. He has not ended military operations and so it is likely he will try to take over or destroy Benghazi and as much of the rebel forces and their territory as possible before his ground forces are bombed. The city had already become a HYPERLINK "http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/libya/8393088/Libyacrisis-Benghazi-fights-for-its-life-as-Gaddafi-attacks.html" battleground shortly before the strikes began. He previously HYPERLINK "http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/libya/8390695/MuammarGaddafi-threatens-Europe-after-UN-injustice.html" said that if the West attacked, all sea and air traffic in the Mediterranean Sea, both military and civilian, would become legitimate targets. He also HYPERLINK "http://www.haaretz.com/news/international/gadhafi-threatensto-join-forces-with-al-qaida-if-west-attacks-libya-1.349357" said he would align with AlQaeda and declare a jihad on the West, even though he consistently claims the rebels are a part of the terrorist organization. The Qaddafi regime could potentially enlist the support of terrorists or directly carry out terrorist attacks itself as it has in the past.

Qaddafi will also probably turn to his own international friends for support. HYPERLINK "http://frontpagemag.com/2011/03/19/operation-odyssey-dawn-begins/2/" \l "#" Hugo Chavez is harshly HYPERLINK "http://af.reuters.com/article/commoditiesNews/idAFN1920808220110319" condemning the operations and he has HYPERLINK "http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/africamideast/rebels-fear-other-regimes-are-throwing-support-behind-gadhafisforces/article1940647/" gotten aid from Algeria, Syria and HYPERLINK "http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/libya/8381758/LibyaDavid-Cameron-warns-time-is-running-out-to-stop-Gaddafi.html" Belarus. Over two dozen Syrian pilots are HYPERLINK "http://www.weeklystandard.com/articles/darksecrets_554097.html" reported to have been helping him fight back against the rebels. However, Syrias best ally, Iran, has vocally supported the rebels. On March 18, anti-American demonstrators in Iran HYPERLINK "http://ca.news.yahoo.com/thousands-iran-march-supportarab-revolts-20110318-062104-720.html" protested in support of the uprisings in Bahrain, Yemen and Libya and the head of the Guardian Council encouraged the rebels to fight until Qaddafi is overthrown. HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/2011/05/30/has-the-stage-been-setfor-a-nuclear-false-flag-event-in-america/" Has The Stage Been Set For A Nuclear False Flag Event In America? HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/2011/05/30/has-the-stage-been-set-fora-nuclear-false-flag-event-in-america/" \l "comments" leave a comment May 30, 2011: Alex Thomas / HYPERLINK "http://www.theintelhub.com/" \t "_blank" The Intel Hub - May 29, 2011 INCLUDEPICTURE "http://stevenjohnhibbs.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/nuclear_attack_unthinkable.jpg? w=320&h=446" \* MERGEFORMATINET I hope Im wrong, but my bet is that Chicago, Illinois is the next target for a false flag attack in America! - SJH The stage has been set for a nuclear false flag in America. Many in the alternative media have wondered if a false flag nuke attack within America is a real possibility. Would they do it? Who would it be? What cities would be targeted? Recently, The New York Times HYPERLINK "http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/29/us/29helium.html?_r=2&hp" \t "_blank" reported that the United States is running out of a rare gas that is used to detect smuggled nuclear materials.

The reason given is that one arm of the Energy Department is selling the gas much quicker than the other is able to accumulate it. While this could possibly be a legitimate reason, it seems highly suspicious that a government that is installing a police state nationwide to supposedly save us from terrorists would be unable to obtain the gas needed to detect smuggled nuclear weapons. Wouldnt a nuclear attack on America be the MOST important threat to combat? Unfortunately there is a long history of suspicious nuclear activity in the United States, with cover story after cover story being spread throughout the corporate controlled media. At this junction in history it seems prudent to lay out some of the more ludicrous stories that have been planted into the minds of the American people. Laying The Groundwork One of the more recent nuclear cover stories was released in late March. This story was just that, a complete and utter fabrication of what Al Qaeda can actually do. HYPERLINK "http://theintelhub.com/2011/03/30/letters-claim-al-ciada-have-nuclear-bombshidden-across-united-states-al-qaeda-100-pentagon-run/" \t "_blank" 25 letters that claim nuclear bombs are hidden throughout the United States were supposedly sent to multiple investigators and citizens in the Chicago area Letters Claim Al-CIAda Has Nuclear Bombs Hidden Across United States The HYPERLINK "http://theintelhub.com/2011/03/30/letters-claim-al-ciada-have-nuclearbombs-hidden-across-united-states-al-qaeda-100-pentagon-run/" \t "_blank" idea that Al Qaeda could place over a hundred nuclear weapons into government buildings throughout the United States is 100% impossible. Cave dwelling ninjas do not have the ability to either steal or create nuclear weapons, fly them over to America, and somehow plant them in government buildings. Last year Obama labeled a nuclear attack on America as the biggest single threat facing our nation yet we are unable to obtain the gas used to detected them? Calling terrorists with nuclear weapons the single biggest threat to U.S. security, Obama said that the central focus for this summit is getting the international community on the path in which we are locking down that nuclear material in a very specific time frame with a specific work plan, HYPERLINK "http://www.politico.com/politico44/perm/0410/the_single_biggest_threat_to_u_s_security_ea baf67c-c4bb-4155-81f7-75afd3af3e49.html" \t "_blank" Politico reported in 2010. In late July 2010, The National Research Council released a HYPERLINK "http://www.nationalacademies.org/morenews/20100729.html" \t "_blank" report titled,

Nuclear Forensics: A Capability at Risk. The report outlined the fact that the United States is no longer able to track nukes threatening our shores! Gordon Duff, writing for HYPERLINK "http://veteranstoday.com/" \t "_blank" Veterans Today, speculated that this was a cover that could be used in the event of a false flag nuclear attack: A powerful group within the United States, one with influence over the press and the ability to derail an investigation as was done with 9/11, has been tasked with laying the groundwork for a terrorist attack on America, one using nuclear material. In the HYPERLINK "http://theintelhub.com/2010/08/02/gordon-duff-false-flag-nuke-attackon-u-s-justified%E2%80%A6-%E2%80%9Dking-torah%E2%80%9D/" \t "_blank" same article Gordon wrote about a somewhat unknown raid that took place in Indiana that he believes was related to smuggled nuclear weapons: Another piece of the puzzle involved a federal task force, Defense, Energy, FBI, descending on a warehouse in Greenfield, Indiana under the guise of a records search. This Waco style assault on a facility storing furniture for college dorm rooms was much more than it seemed. No case, criminal or civil, provided any underlying reason for the search. In 2002, World Net Daily HYPERLINK "http://www.wnd.com/?pageId=15377" \t "_blank" reported on a book by an FBI consult that claimed that Osama Bin Laden had bought 20 suitcase nukes from KGB agents in 1998! A new book by an FBI consultant on international terrorism says Osama bin Ladens al-Qaida terrorist network purchased 20 suitcase nuclear weapons from former KGB agents in 1998 for $30 million. The book, HYPERLINK "http://www.shopnetdaily.com/store/item.asp?ITEM_ID=898" Al Qaeda: Brotherhood of Terror, by Paul L. Williams, also says this deal was one of at least three in the last decade in which al-Qaida purchased small nuclear weapons or weaponsgrade nuclear uranium. Obviously this book was one of the first attempts to implant the possibility of Al Qaeda nuking the U.S. into the minds of the American people. And then there is the now infamous 2007 Minot Air Force Base fiasco which involved nuclear weapons that were apparently missing for up to 36 hours. According to a wide range of reports, several nuclear bombs were lost for 36 hours after taking off August 29/30, 2007 on a cross-country journey across the U.S., from U.S. A.F. Base Minot in North Dakota to U.S.A.F. Base Barksdale in Louisiana. Reportedly, in total there were six W80-1 nuclear warheads armed on AGM-129 Advanced

Cruise Missiles (ACMs) that were lost. The story was first reported by the Military Times, after military servicemen leaked the story, HYPERLINK "http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=va&aid=7158" \t "_blank" reported Mahdi Darius Nazemroaya. Drills Hundreds of large scale simulated nuclear drills have taken place in America and abroad during the last ten years. One of the more ominous drills, HYPERLINK "http://www.dhs.gov/files/training/gc_1179430526487.shtm" \t "_blank" TopOff 4, took place in Portland Oregon. The exercise simulated a large scale dirty bomb attack in the heart of downtown Portland. The Oregon HYPERLINK "http://www.oregon.gov/OSP/docs/oregon_t4_fact_sheet.pdf?ga=t" \t "_blank" fact sheet on the exercise read like a Hollywood movie. Remember we have lost most of our freedom due to the threat of terrorism yet we are supposed to believe that cave dwelling terrorists can outmaneuver multiple western intelligence agencies. The T4 full-scale exercise is based on National Planning Scenario 11 (NPS-11). Terrorists have planned attacks in Oregon, Arizona, and the U.S. Territory of Guam. They have brought radioactive material into the United States. The first of three coordinated attacks occurs in Guam, with the detonation of a Radiological Dispersal Device (RDD), or dirty bomb, causing casualties and widespread contamination in a populous area. Within hours, similar attacks occur in Portland and Phoenix. Interestingly enough, the drill took place at the same time as HYPERLINK "http://www.northcom.mil/News/2007/VS-08_fact_sheet.pdf" \t "_blank" Vigilant Shield, a massive operation which HYPERLINK "http://poac.wordpress.com/2007/10/14/portlandtopoff-4-october-15-19/" \t "_blank" simulated detonation of three radiological dispersal devices within the USNORTHCOM and U.S. Pacific Command areas of responsibility. A quick search of the internet will reveal hundreds of similar drills in numerous different cities all with the same mind set. A mind set that is based off the false premise that terrorists can obtain nuclear material without the help of major governments. Predictive Programming The corporate controlled media and Hollywood have played a huge part in implementing a possible terrorist nuclear attack into the minds of people worldwide. This idea is not only an American fear mongering operation. Operation Blackjack, a set of slide show comics that depicted nuclear bombs detonating in

major cities throughout the world, was mysteriously HYPERLINK "http://www.prisonplanet.com/blackjack-part-3-telegraph-continues-propaganda-piece-depictsconcentration-camps-martial-law.html" \t "_blank" released in 2009 by The London Telegraph. The slide shows had numerous embed codes and symbolism that to some indicated it was a very real operation that would happen on June 22nd 2009 or 2010. Obviously those dates have come and gone but the IDEA that this could happen was cemented into the minds of the hundreds of thousands who read the comic like slide shows. Interestingly enough, Jericho, a popular TV show in America, depicted a very similar scenario as Operation Blackjack Jericho: Season 1 Trailer The nuclear attacks in Jericho were actually carried out by rogue elements of our government who immediately instituted a North American Union, martial law, FEMA Camps, and private military death squads. Doctor Who, a popular family show in Britain ran an episode that is a clear cut case of HYPERLINK "http://911debunkers.blogspot.com/2010/04/nuclear-false-flag.html" \t "_blank" predictive programming. Nuclear attack, martial law, and labor camps Predictive Programming In The Doctor Who Episode Turn Left

While the sheer amount of predictive programming in regards to nuclear attacks makes it impossible to list them all, these three paint a clear picture of the mind control that we the people have experienced. Questions Remain It is clear that the groundwork and cover for a nuclear false flag in a major American or European city has been slowly put into place. Many questions remain. Will the numerous hardworking, patriotic Americans in the government and military stop such a horrific act from happening? Will the powers that be realize that the blame for such an attack would be pointed directly at them? Will a different, more feasible, false flag be used instead? These are questions that must be answered. We the people must let it be known that we will no longer stand for any form of false flag terrorism. Take note America, as we continue to lose our freedoms in the name of security, we have become more vulnerable then ever to a large scale false flag on par or more extreme than 9/11.

The Stage Is Set For A Nuclear False Flag

The Tonka Report Editors Note: With Rahm Emanuel in place as Chicago mayor, much like Giuliani was in New York during 9/11, look for Chicago to be the next false flag target in America - SJH Link to original article below HYPERLINK "http://theintelhub.com/2011/05/29/the-stage-is-set-for-a-nuclear-false-flag/" http://theintelhub.com/2011/05/29/the-stage-is-set-for-a-nuclear-false-flag/ Written by Steven John Hibbs May 30, 2011 at 10:44 am Posted in HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/category/911/" \o "View all posts in 9/11" 9/11, HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/category/alqaeda/" \o "View all posts in al-Qaeda" al-Qaeda, HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/category/big-brother/" \o "View all posts in Big Brother" Big Brother, HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/category/biochem-warfare/" \o "View all posts in Bio-Chem Warfare" Bio-Chem Warfare, HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/category/bush-regime/" \o "View all posts in Bush Regime" Bush Regime, HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/category/cia/" \o "View all posts in CIA" CIA, HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/category/cointelpro/" \o "View all posts in COINTELPRO" COINTELPRO, HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/category/communism/" \o "View all posts in Communism" Communism, HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/category/conspiracy/" \o "View all posts in Conspiracy" Conspiracy, HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/category/controlled-demolition/" \o "View all posts in Controlled Demolition" Controlled Demolition, HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/category/corruption/" \o "View all posts in Corruption" Corruption, HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/category/deception/" \o "View all posts in Deception" Deception, HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/category/dhs/" \o "View all posts in DHS" DHS, HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/category/disinformation/" \o "View all posts in Disinformation" Disinformation, HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/category/education/" \o "View all posts in Education" Education, HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/category/eugenics/" \o

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technology/" \o "View all posts in Science / Technology" Science / Technology, HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/category/slavery/" \o "View all posts in Slavery" Slavery, HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/category/socialism/" \o "View all posts in Socialism" Socialism, HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/category/sovereignty/" \o "View all posts in Sovereignty" Sovereignty, HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/category/terrorism/" \o "View all posts in Terrorism" Terrorism, HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/category/u-s-news/" \o "View all posts in U.S. News" U.S. News, HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/category/us-north-com/" \o "View all posts in US North Com" US North Com, HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/category/video/" \o "View all posts in Video" Video, HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/category/war/" \o "View all posts in War" War, HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/category/war-crimes/" \o "View all posts in War Crimes" War Crimes, HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/category/world-disasters/" \o "View all posts in World Disasters" World Disasters, HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/category/world-government/" \o "View all posts in World Government" World Government, HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/category/world-news/" \o "View all posts in World News" World News, HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/category/wwiii/" \o "View all posts in WWIII" WWIII HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/2011/05/27/final-nail-obamapromise-to-veto-worldwide-war-bill-is-a-ruse/" Final Nail: Obama Promise To Veto Worldwide War Bill Is A Ruse! HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/2011/05/27/final-nail-obama-promiseto-veto-worldwide-war-bill-is-a-ruse/" \l "comments" leave a comment May 27, 2011: Paul Joseph Watson / HYPERLINK "http://www.prisonplanet.com/" Prison Planet.com - May 27, 2011 INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.gonzotimes.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/war.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET Sacrifice your children to the king! - SJH Given the fact that the Obama administration is now involved in more conflicts and has more troops deployed than at any time during the Bush administration, how confident should we be that a government promise to veto the alarming worldwide war provision contained in the

National Defense Authorization Act will be kept. Yesterday the House HYPERLINK "http://www.aclu.org/blog/national-security/house-passesauthority-worldwide-war" passed the act, including a provision to authorize worldwide war, which has no expiration date and will allow this president and any future president to go to war anywhere in the world, at any time, without further congressional authorization. The new authorization wouldnt even require the president to show any threat to the national security of the United States. The American military could become the worlds cop, and could be sent into harms way almost anywhere and everywhere around the globe. Earlier this week, the White House indicated that it would veto the worldwide war provision, not because it is a flagrant violation of the HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_Powers_Resolution" War Powers Resolution and the basic tenet of not investing dictator powers in a president, but because it could cause confusion. The Administration strongly objects to section 1034 [the worldwide war provision] which, in purporting to affirm the conflict, would effectively recharacterize its scope and would risk creating confusion regarding applicable standards. At a minimum, this is an issue that merits more extensive consideration before possible inclusion the White House wrote to Congress. The administrations problem with the provision has nothing to do with the fact that it would make Obama above the law and completely unconstrained by Congress, their only concern is that it would hinder alleged terrorists from being tried in federal courts. Section 1039 is a dangerous and unprecedented challenge to critical Executive branch authority to determine when and where to prosecute detainees, wrote the White House, indicating that a compromise could be made that would ensure the bills passage. HYPERLINK "http://www.aclu.org/blog/national-security/obama-white-house-threatens-vetoover-worldwide-war-and-detention-provisions" According to the ACLU, President Obama and his administration have to be commended for taking such a tough stance on issues of fundamental importance to the rule of law and our democracy. Well, theres a first time for everything, but the ACLU has completely dropped the ball on this one. The Obama administration is opposed to the worldwide war provision not because it is an egregious expansion of the executive branch, but because it doesnt give them enough power. Once the administration is given the choice to try suspected terrorists in federal courts or merely assassinate them at will as we were told happened in the case of the Bin Laden raid, the bill will be passed and the ugliest aspects of the worldwide war provision will remain. Indeed, one could argue that the Obama administration has already bestowed upon itself the powers enshrined in the worldwide war provision with its constant drone attacks in Pakistan, Afghanistan, Yemen and other areas in the region, HYPERLINK

"http://www.brookings.edu/opinions/2009/0714_targeted_killings_byman.aspx?p=1" assaults ten times the amount of innocent people than they do so-called militants. The ACLUs praise for the Obama administrations upholding of the rule of law didnt seem to apply when Obama joined a NATO-led no fly zone over Libya, which quickly turned into a ceaseless bombardment and another undeclared war prosecuted with total disregard for Congressional oversight. Indeed, HYPERLINK "http://www.examiner.com/american-politics-in-vancouver/rand-paulblasts-obama-for-his-violation-of-60-day-provision-war-powers-act" when Senator Rand Paul blasted Obama for failing to get Congressional approval for the war on Libya following the expiration of the 60 days clause in the War Powers act, the president merely turned his nose up and claimed all the authority he needed came from the United Nations and international law. However, when it came to invading Pakistani airspace to conduct the raid on Osama Bin Ladens alleged compound, another foreign incursion of which Congress was kept in the dark, Obama showed little regard for the international laws he supposedly cherishes in HYPERLINK "http://www.tolonews.com/en/afghanistan/2583-pakistan-not-informed-ofosama-raid-to-avoid-it-jeopardise-mission-cia" refusing to even alert Pakistan to the fact that the operation was imminent. The raid HYPERLINK "http://m.ibtimes.com/osama-bin-laden-killing-legal-violateinternational-law-experts-lawyers-divided-142448.html" violated the same international laws that Obama claims give him the authority to attack Libya. You cant have your cake and eat it. Attorney General Holder said the murder did not violate the Geneva Conventions HYPERLINK "http://m.ibtimes.com/osama-bin-laden-killing-legal-violate-international-lawexperts-lawyers-divided-142448.html" because Bin Laden was an enemy combatant after he admitted to carrying out 9/11. And yet in HYPERLINK "http://www.lewrockwell.com/rep2/obl-2001-interview.html" Bin Ladens only confirmed media interview following 9/11, he explicitly denied being behind the attack. As Ron Paul warns in the video below, the worldwide war resolution is another one of the final nails in the coffin of the American republic. If this provision is allowed to pass, it will provide presidents with de facto immunity from war crimes and free them from the constraints of any national or international rules or laws on the conduct of war. History is littered with examples of odious tyrants who shredded the rule of law to bestow upon themselves dictatorial powers that they claimed provided a justification for unprovoked foreign invasions and bloody global conquest. If this worldwide war legislation passes the Senate, Obama can be added to that list. Ron Paul: The Last Nail Floor Speech May 25, 2011

The Tonka Report Editors Note: Where the hell is the anti-war movement in this pathetic country?! - SJH Link to original article below HYPERLINK "http://www.prisonplanet.com/obamas-promise-to-veto-worldwide-war-billrings-hollow.html" http://www.prisonplanet.com/obamas-promise-to-veto-worldwide-war-billrings-hollow.html Written by Steven John Hibbs May 27, 2011 at 2:02 pm Posted in HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/category/911/" \o "View all posts in 9/11" 9/11, HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/category/afghanistan/" \o "View all posts in Afghanistan" Afghanistan, HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/category/africa/" \o "View all posts in Africa" Africa, HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/category/al-qaeda/" \o "View all posts in al-Qaeda" al-Qaeda, HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/category/bigbrother/" \o "View all posts in Big Brother" Big Brother, HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/category/bush-regime/" \o "View all posts in Bush Regime" Bush Regime, HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/category/cia/" \o "View all posts in CIA" CIA, HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/category/civil-rights/" \o "View all posts in Civil Rights" Civil Rights, HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/category/cointelpro/" \o "View all posts in COINTELPRO" COINTELPRO, HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/category/communism/" \o "View all posts in Communism" Communism, HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/category/conspiracy/" \o "View all posts in Conspiracy" Conspiracy, HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/category/controlled-demolition/" \o "View all posts in Controlled Demolition" Controlled Demolition, HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/category/corruption/" \o "View all posts in Corruption" Corruption, HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/category/deception/" \o "View all posts in Deception" Deception, HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/category/disinformation/" \o "View all posts in Disinformation" Disinformation, HYPERLINK

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"http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/category/world-disasters/" \o "View all posts in World Disasters" World Disasters, HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/category/world-government/" \o "View all posts in World Government" World Government, HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/category/world-news/" \o "View all posts in World News" World News HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/2011/05/23/pakistani-commandosengage-taliban-guerrillas-at-naval-air-base/" Pakistani Commandos Engage Taliban Guerrillas At Naval Air Base HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/2011/05/23/pakistani-commandosengage-taliban-guerrillas-at-naval-air-base/" \l "comments" leave a comment May 23, 2011: Khurrum Anis and Farhan Sharif / HYPERLINK "http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-05-22/explosions-firefights-erupt-at-pakistani-navalaviation-base-under-attack.html" \t "_blank" Bloomberg - May 23, 2011 INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.indiatvnews.com/upload/news/maininternational/_Killed_As_Mili3844.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET Does anybody still believe the Taleban and al Qaeda are indiginous terrorist groups? - SJH Pakistani commandos ended a Taliban siege of a navy base in the countrys largest city after a 16-hour battle that the militants said was in part to avenge the killing of al-Qaeda leader Osama HYPERLINK "http://topics.bloomberg.com/bin-laden/" bin Laden. Ten members of Pakistans security forces were killed along with four guerrillas, Interior Minister Rehman Malik told reporters in Karachi. The terrorists were 20-22 years of age and wore Western clothes with suicide jackets beneath them, Malik said. They were armed with rocket launchers and grenades, he said. Pakistani Taliban had pledged to attack government and military installations after U.S. forces killed al-Qaeda leader bin Laden in a raid in Abbottabad, 30 miles (50 kilometers) north of Islamabad, on May 2. The American raid exacerbated tensions between the two countries, as the U.S. questioned whether Pakistani officials had protected bin Laden and Pakistan protested the violation of its territory. The insurgents in Karachi damaged surveillance aircraft provided by the U.S. in the biggest strike against a leading Pakistani military installation since guerrillas attacked the armys Rawalpindi headquarters in October 2009. This attack shows that the Taliban have sympathizers and insiders in the security

establishment, said HYPERLINK "http://topics.bloomberg.com/talat-masood/" Talat Masood, a retired army lieutenant general and security analyst in Islamabad. This also shows that they have become more powerful and sophisticated in their planning and attacks. Americans, Chinese Six Americans, involved in training Pakistani forces, and 11 Chinese nationals were inside the base at the time of the attack, Malik said today. He said four militants had launched the raid, a far smaller number than claimed by the Taliban. Fifteen of our fighters entered the naval air base and we dont expect them to return, Ehsanullah Ehsan, a spokesman for the Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan, said earlier by telephone from an undisclosed location. They are there to kill. Our issue with HYPERLINK "http://topics.bloomberg.com/pakistan/" Pakistan is its secular policies and friendship with America. Last nights attack began with several explosions at the Mehran naval base around 11 p.m., followed by gunfire. Malik said that militants had entered from the back of the base by cutting through wires, before carrying out the attack like movie stars. Two P-3C Orions, a maritime surveillance aircraft, were targeted and damaged in the attack, Haq said. The U.S. handed over the aircraft to the Pakistan navy in April 2010 and said it will give a total of eight by 2012, according to the U.S. Central Command HYPERLINK "http://www.centcom.mil/news/pakistan-navy-accepts-two-p-3c-orion-aircraft" \o "Open Web Site" website. Surveillance Role The Taliban may have hit the navy station for its role in helping conduct surveillance against movements by militant groups along Pakistans coast, said Bahukutumbi Raman, an Indian security analyst and retired counter-terrorism chief of HYPERLINK "http://topics.bloomberg.com/india/" Indias main intelligence agency. Pakistans naval air unit, including the U.S.-supplied Orion aircraft, has been providing air surveillance to prevent any sea-borne intrusions of al-Qaeda and to detect any terrorist plans for attacks on ships bringing supplies for the NATO forces in HYPERLINK "http://topics.bloomberg.com/afghanistan/" Afghanistan, Raman wrote in an e-mailed analysis. Trucks carrying soldiers entered the base soon after the attack began. Flames and black smoke rose into the air and dozens of ambulances waited outside the base. Tensions between the U.S. and Pakistan have escalated with American officials saying they were worried that Pakistans intelligence agency maintains ties to guerrillas fighting American-

led forces in Afghanistan. The U.S. military says its war against the Taliban is hindered by Pakistans failure to shut down militant havens. Drone Attacks Also straining relations is Pakistans opposition to U.S. drone attacks on Taliban targets that have killed civilians and American insistence that the strikes continue. Pakistans leaders have rejected accusations they are not doing enough to defeat insurgents. The armys offensives against the local HYPERLINK "http://topics.bloomberg.com/talibanmovement/" Taliban movement and allied guerrillas have triggered retaliatory bombings and gun battles in cities nationwide that the government says have killed thousands of Pakistani citizens and security personnel. Twin bombings on May 13 at a Pakistani paramilitary police academy killed 80 people in what the Pakistan Taliban said was in part revenge for the killing of bin Laden and a precursor to attacks against the U.S. The PNS Mehran Base is 10 kilometers from Karachis Quaid- e-Azam International Airport. It provides all the logistic and administrative support to the aviation unit of the Pakistan navy, according to the navys HYPERLINK "http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/mehran.htm" \o "Open Web Site" website. On Oct. 10, 2009, the Pakistani military freed 39 hostages after soldiers stormed a building in the armys Rawalpindi headquarters, ending a 22-hour siege by militants. Raw Video: Militants Hit Pakistani Military Base The Tonka Report Editors Note: Brace yourselves Emmanuel Goldstein is lurking amongst us! - SJH Link to original article below HYPERLINK "http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-05-22/explosions-firefights-erupt-atpakistani-naval-aviation-base-under-attack.html" http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-0522/explosions-firefights-erupt-at-pakistani-naval-aviation-base-under-attack.html Written by Steven John Hibbs May 23, 2011 at 11:04 pm Posted in HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/category/afghanistan/" \o "View all posts in Afghanistan" Afghanistan, HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/category/al-qaeda/" \o "View all posts in al-Qaeda" alQaeda, HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/category/asia/" \o "View all posts in Asia" Asia, HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/category/big-

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Against Attack On Pakistan! HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/2011/05/22/chinese-ultimatum-warnswashington-against-attack-on-pakistan/" \l "comments" leave a comment May 22, 2011: Webster G. Tarpley, Ph.D. / HYPERLINK "http://tarpley.net/" TARPLEY.net - May 20, 2011 INCLUDEPICTURE "http://stevenjohnhibbs.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/pakistan.jpg? w=413&h=310" \* MERGEFORMATINET It is imperative that Americans and people around the world fully understand who and why these wars are being fomented in order to usher in WWIII - SJH China has officially put the United States on notice that Washingtons planned attack on Pakistan will be interpreted as an act of aggression against Beijing. This blunt warning represents the first known strategic ultimatum received by the United States in half a century, going back to Soviet warnings during the Berlin crisis of 1958-1961, and indicates the grave danger of general war growing out of the US-Pakistan confrontation. Any Attack On Pakistan Would Be Construed As An Attack On China Responding to reports that China has asked the US to respect Pakistans sovereignty in the aftermath of the Bin Laden operation, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Jiang Yu used a May 19 press briefing to state Beijings categorical demand that the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Pakistan must be respected. According to Pakistani diplomatic sources cited by the Times of India, China has warned in unequivocal terms that any attack on Pakistan would be construed as an attack on China. This ultimatum was reportedly delivered at the May 9 China-US strategic dialogue and economic talks in Washington, where the Chinese delegation was led by Vice Prime Minister Wang Qishan and State Councilor Dai Bingguo. Chinese warnings are implicitly backed up by that nations nuclear missiles, including an estimated 66 ICBMs, some capable of striking the United States, plus 118 intermediate-range missiles, 36 submarine-launched missiles, and numerous shorter-range systems. Support from China is seen by regional observers as critically important for Pakistan, which is otherwise caught in a pincers between the US and India: If US and Indian pressure continues, Pakistan can say China is behind us. Dont think we are isolated, we have a potential superpower with us, Talat Masood, a political analyst and retired Pakistani general, told AFP. The Chinese ultimatum came during the visit of Pakistani Prime Minister Gilani in Beijing, during which the host government announced the transfer of 50 state-of-the-art JF-17 fighter jets to Pakistan, immediately and without cost. Before his departure, Gilani had stressed the

importance of the Pakistan-China alliance, proclaiming: We are proud to have China as our best and most trusted friend. And China will always find Pakistan standing beside it at all timesWhen we speak of this friendship as being taller than the Himalayas and deeper than the oceans it truly captures the essence of our relationship. These remarks were greeted by whining from US spokesmen, including Idaho Republican Senator Risch. The simmering strategic crisis between the United States and Pakistan exploded with full force on May 1, with the unilateral and unauthorized US commando raid alleged to have killed the phantomatic Osama bin Laden in a compound at Abottabad, a flagrant violation of Pakistans national sovereignty. The timing of this military stunt designed to inflame tensions between the two countries had nothing to do with any alleged Global War on Terror, and everything to do with the late March visit to Pakistan of Prince Bandar, the Saudi Arabian National Security Council chief. This visit had resulted in a de facto alliance between Islamabad and Riyadh, with Pakistan promising troops to put down any US-backed color revolution in the kingdom, while extending nuclear protection to the Saudis, thus making them less vulnerable to US extortion threats to abandon the oil-rich monarchy to the tender mercies of Tehran. A joint move by Pakistan and Saudi Arabia to break out of the US empire, whatever one may think of these regimes, would represent a fatal blow for the fading US empire in South Asia. As for the US claims concerning the supposed Bin Laden raid of May 1, they are a mass of hopeless contradictions which changes from day to day. An analysis of this story is best left to literary critics and writers of theatrical reviews. The only solid and uncontestable fact which emerges is that Pakistan is the leading US target thus intensifying the anti-Pakistan US policy which has been in place since Obamas infamous December 2009 West Point speech. Gilani: Full Force Retaliation To Defend Pakistans Strategic Assets The Chinese warning to Washington came on the heels of Gilanis statement to the Pakistan Parliament declaring: Let no one draw any wrong conclusions. Any attack against Pakistans strategic assets, whether overt or covert, will find a matching response. Pakistan reserves the right to retaliate with full force. No one should underestimate the resolve and capability of our nation and armed forces to defend our sacred homeland. A warning of full force retaliation from a nuclear power such as Pakistan needs to be taken seriously, even by the hardened aggressors of the Obama regime. The strategic assets Gilani is talking about are the Pakistani nuclear forces, the key to the countrys deterrent strategy against possible aggression by India, egged on by Washington in the framework of the US-India nuclear cooperation accord. The US forces in Afghanistan have not been able to conceal their extensive planning for attempts to seize or destroy Pakistans nuclear bombs and warheads. According to a 2009 Fox News report, The United States has a

detailed plan for infiltrating Pakistan and securing its mobile arsenal of nuclear warheads if it appears the country is about to fall under the control of the Taliban, Al Qaeda or other Islamic extremists. This plan was developed by General Stanley McChrystal when he headed the US Joint Special Operations Command at Fort Bragg, North Carolina. JSOC, the force reportedly involved in the Bin Laden operation. is composed of Army Delta Force, Navy SEALs and a high-tech special intelligence unit known as Task Force Orange. Small units could seize [Pakistans nukes], disable them, and then centralize them in a secure location, claimed a source quoted by Fox. Obama Has Already Approved Sneak Attack On Pakistans Nukes According to the London Sunday Express, Obama has already approved an aggressive move along these lines: US troops will be deployed in Pakistan if the nations nuclear installations come under threat from terrorists out to avenge the killing of Osama Bin Laden The plan, which would be activated without President Zardaris consent, provoked an angry reaction from Pakistan officials Barack Obama would order troops to parachute in to protect key nuclear missile sites. These include the air forces central Sargodha HQ, home base for nuclear-capable F-16 combat aircraft and at least 80 ballistic missiles. According to a US official, The plan is green lit and the President has already shown he is willing to deploy troops in Pakistan if he feels it is important for national security. Extreme tension over this issue highlights the brinksmanship and incalculable folly of Obamas May 1 unilateral raid, which might easily have been interpreted by the Pakistanis as the longawaited attack on their nuclear forces. According to the New York Times, Obama knew very well he was courting an immediate shooting war with Pakistan, and insisted that the assault force hunting down Osama bin Laden last week be large enough to fight its way out of Pakistan if confronted by hostile local police officers and troops. The Shooting Has Already Started The shooting between US and Pakistani forces escalated on Tuesday May 17, when a US NATO helicopter violated Pakistani airspace in Waziristan. Pakistani forces showed heightened alert status, and opened fire immediately, with the US helicopter shooting back. Two soldiers at a Pakistani check post on the border in the Datta Khel area were wounded. Possible Pakistani retaliation for this border incursion came in Peshawar on Friday, May 20, when a car bomb apparently targeted a 2-car US consulate convoy, but caused no American deaths or injuries. One Pakistani bystander was killed, and several wounded. In other intelligence warfare, Ary One television reported the name of the CIA station chief in Islamabad, the second top US resident spook there to have his cover blown in six months.

US Envoy Grossman Rejects Pakistani Calls To Stop Border Violations US Special Representative to Afghanistan and Pakistan Marc Grossman, the replacement for the late Richard Holbrooke, on May 19 arrogantly rejected Pakistani calls for guarantees that no more Abottabad-style unilateral operations would be mounted in Pakistan. In refusing to offer such assurances, Grossman claimed that Pakistani officials had never demanded respect for their border in recent years. In the midst of this strategic crisis, India has gone ahead with inherently provocative scheduled military maneuvers targeting Pakistan. This is the Vijayee Bhava (Be Victorious) drill, held in the Thar desert of north Rajastan. This atomic-biological-chemical Blitzkrieg drill involves the Second Armored Corps, considered to be the most crucial of the Indian Armys three principal strike formations tasked with virtually cutting Pakistan in two during a full-fledged war. The Nation: A CIA-RAW-Mossad Pseudo-Taliban Countergang One way to provide the provocation needed to justify a US-Indian attack on Pakistan would be through an increase in terrorist actions attributable to the so-called Taliban. According to the mainstream Pakistani media, the CIA, the Israeli Mossad, and the Indian RAW (Research and Analysis Wing) have created their own version of the Taliban in the form of a terrorist countergang which they control and direct. According to one account, Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) operatives have infiltrated the Taliban and Al-Qaeda networks, and have created their own Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) force in order to destabilize Pakistan. The former Punjab Regional Commander of the Pakistani Inter-Service Intelligence (ISI), retired Brigadier General Aslam Ghuman, commented: During my visit to the US, I learned that the Israeli spy agency Mossad, in connivance with Indian agency RAW, under the direct supervision of CIA, planned to destabilize Pakistan at any cost. Was this countergang responsible for last weeks double bombing in Waziristan, which killed 80 paramilitary police? According to the same account, Russian intelligence disclosed that CIA contractor Raymond Davis and his network had provided Al-Qaeda operatives with chemical, nuclear and biological weapons, so that US installations may be targeted and Pakistan be blamed. Davis, a JSOC veteran himself, was arrested for the murder of two ISI agents, but then released by the Pakistani government after a suspicious hue and cry by the State Department. CIA Claims The New Al Qaeda Boss Lives In Waziristan If the US needs a further pretext for additional raids, it will also be easy to cite the alleged presence in Waziristan of Saif al-Adel, now touted by the CIA as bin Ladens likely successor as boss of al Qaeda. It is doubtless convenient for Obamas aggressive intentions that Saif alAdel can be claimed to reside so close to what is now the hottest border in the world, and not in

Finsbury or Flatbush. In the wake of the unauthorized May 1 US raid, the Pakistani military chief General Kayani had issued his own warning that similar misadventures could not be repeated, while announcing that US personnel inside Pakistan would be sharply reduced. In the estimate of one ISI source, there are currently about 7,000 CIA operatives in country, many of them unknown to the Pakistani government. US-Pakistan intelligence sharing has reportedly been downgraded. In response to Kayanis moves, the CIA limited hangout operation known as Wikileaks once again showed its real nature by attempting to discredit the Pakistan commander with dubious US cable reports that he had demanded more Predator drone attacks, not fewer, in recent years. Especially since Obamas West Point speech, the CIA has used Predator drone attacks to slaughter civilians with the goal of fomenting civil war inside Pakistan, leading to a breakup of the country along the ethnic lines of Punjab, Sind, Baluchistan, and Pushtunistan. The geopolitical goal is to destroy Pakistans potential to be the energy corridor between Iran and China. Selig Harrison has emerged as a top US advocate for Baluchistan succession. Since May 1, six reported US Predator drones attacks have slain some 42 Pakistani civilians, goading public opinion into a frenzy of anti-US hatred. In response, a joint session of the Pakistani parliament voted unanimously on May 14 to demand an end to American missile strikes, calling on the government to cut NATOs supply line to Afghanistan if the attacks should continue. Since the Karachi to Khyber Pass supply line carries as much as two thirds of the supplies needed by the Afghanistan invaders, such a cutoff would cause chaos among the NATO forces. All of this points to the inherent insanity of provoking war with the country your supply line runs through. US Wants To Use Taliban Boss Omar Mullah Against Pakistan The State Department dropped all preconditions for negotiating with the Taliban back in February, and the US is now reported by the Washington Post to be talking with envoys of Mullah Omar, the legendary one-eyed leader of the Quetta Shura or Taliban ruling council. It is apparent that the US is offering the Taliban an alliance against Pakistan. US regional envoy Grossman is hostile to the Pakistanis, but when it comes to the Taliban he has been nicknamed Mr. Reconciliation. By contrast, the US is said to be determined to assassinate the head of the Haqqani network using a Bin Laden-type raid. The Pakistanis are equally determined to keep the Haqqani as an ally. If China stands behind Pakistan, then Russia might be said to stand behind China. Looking forward to the upcoming June 15 meeting of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, Chinese President Hu praised Sino-Russian relations as being at an unprecedented high point, with an obvious strategic ingredient.

In a press conference this week, Russian President Medvedev was obliged indirectly to acknowledge that the much-hyped Obama reset with Russia had amounted to very little, since the US ABM missile program in Romania and the rest of eastern Europe, so obviously directed against Russia, means that the START treaty is of dubious value, thus raising the specter of a new Cold War. Given the NATO assault on Libya, there would be no UN resolution against Syria, said Medvedev. Putin has been right all along, and Medvedev is trying to imitate Putin to salvage some chance of remaining in power. Are We In July 1914? The crisis leading to World War I began with the Sarajevo assassinations of June 28, 1914, but the first major declaration of war did not occur until August 1. In the interim month of July 1914, large parts of European public opinion retreated into a dreamlike trance, an idyllic la-la land of elegiac illusion, even as the deadly crisis gathered momentum. Something similar can be seen today. Many Americans fondly imagine that the alleged death of Bin Laden marks the end of the war on terror and the Afghan War. Instead, the Bin Laden operation has clearly ushered in a new strategic emergency. Forces which had opposed the Iraq war, from MSNBC to many left liberals of the peace movement, are variously supporting Obamas bloody aggression in Libya, or even celebrating him as a more effective warmonger than Bush-Cheney because of his supposed success at the expense of Bin Laden. In reality, if there were ever a time to mobilize to stop a new and wider war, this is it. US Seeks To Divide Pakistan & Deter Chinas Oil Pipeline The Tonka Report Editors Note: People need to really start getting a grasp on the geopolitics of this increasingly dangerous world in order to understand exactly why this is all occurring SJH Link to original article with references below HYPERLINK "http://tarpley.net/2011/05/21/us-pakistan-near-open-war-chinese-ultimatumwarns-washington-against-attack/" http://tarpley.net/2011/05/21/us-pakistan-near-open-warchinese-ultimatum-warns-washington-against-attack/ Written by Steven John Hibbs May 22, 2011 at 10:33 am Posted in HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/category/afghanistan/" \o "View all posts in Afghanistan" Afghanistan, HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/category/africa/" \o "View all posts in Africa" Africa, HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/category/al-qaeda/" \o "View all posts in

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HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/category/taleban/" \o "View all posts in Taleban" Taleban, HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/category/terrorism/" \o "View all posts in Terrorism" Terrorism, HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/category/u-s-news/" \o "View all posts in U.S. News" U.S. News, HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/category/united-nations/" \o "View all posts in United Nations" United Nations, HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/category/video/" \o "View all posts in Video" Video, HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/category/war-crimes/" \o "View all posts in War Crimes" War Crimes, HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/category/white-house/" \o "View all posts in White House" White House, HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/category/worldbank/" \o "View all posts in World Bank" World Bank, HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/category/world-disasters/" \o "View all posts in World Disasters" World Disasters, HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/category/world-government/" \o "View all posts in World Government" World Government, HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/category/world-news/" \o "View all posts in World News" World News, HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/category/wwiii/" \o "View all posts in WWIII" WWIII HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/2011/05/21/propaganda-alertiran-accused-of-911-role-despite-no-evidence/" Propaganda Alert: Iran Accused Of 9/11 Role Despite No Evidence HYPERLINK "http://stevenjohnhibbs.wordpress.com/2011/05/21/propaganda-alert-iranaccused-of-911-role-despite-no-evidence/" \l "comments" leave a comment May 21, 2011: Benjamin Weiser & Scott Shane / HYPERLINK "http://www.smh.com.au/world/iran-accused-of-september-11-role-20110520-1ewq7.html" The Sydney Morning Herald - May 21, 2011 INCLUDEPICTURE "http://suxavat.comlu.com/gallery/2810_inside911_zero_hour1_04700300.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET Read the last paragraph of this toilet paper propaganda! - SJH NEW YORK: Two defectors from Irans intelligence service have testified that Iranian officials knew in advance about the attacks of September 11, 2001, says a US court filing that seeks damages for Irans direct support for, and sponsorship of, the most deadly act of terrorism in American history. One of the defectors also claimed that Iran was involved in

designing the attacks, the filing said. The defectors identities and testimony were not revealed in the filing but were being submitted to a judge under seal, said lawyers who brought the original suit against Iran on behalf of families of dozens of September 11 victims. The suit says Iran and Hezbollah, the Lebanese militant group with close ties to Tehran, helped al-Qaeda with planning the attacks and with the hijackers training and travel. After the attacks, the suit says, Iran and Hezbollah helped al-Qaeda operatives and their families to escape, in some cases providing them with a safe haven in Iran. The question of an Iranian connection to the attacks was raised by the national September 11 commission and has long been debated. Al-Qaeda, which adheres to a radical Sunni theology, routinely denounces the Shiite branch of Islam that holds power in Iran, and the terrorist networks branch in Iraq has often made Shiites targets of bombings. But intelligence officials have long believed there has been limited, wary co-operation between al-Qaeda and Iran against the US as a common enemy. The lawsuit also names as defendants Iranian officials and ministries, as well as Hezbollah, alQaeda and the Taliban, among others. The families lawyers have asked for a default judgment against the defendants, which have not responded to the suit. Even if there were such a judgment, legal experts say it would not be easy to collect monetary damages. In their court papers, the lawyers assert that Imad Mugniyah, as the military chief of Hezbollah, was a terrorist agent for Iran, and that he travelled to Saudi Arabia in 2000 to help with preparations for the September 11 attacks. Mugniyah, killed in 2008, had been accused by US officials of planning a series of terrorist attacks and kidnappings, including the bombings of the US embassy and marine barracks in Lebanon in 1983. The September 11 commission report said there was strong evidence Iran facilitated the transit of al-Qaeda members into and out of Afghanistan before [the attacks], and that some of these were future [September 11] hijackers. But the commission said it had found no evidence that Iran or Hezbollah was aware of the planning for what later became the September 11 attacks and that the topic requires further investigation by the US government. [emphasis mine]

The Star of David and its True Meaning Articles The tombs of King David, King Solomon

and the Queen of Sheba discovered. by Ralph Ellis This new article is an introduction to my latest book, Solomon, Falcon of Sheba.

Solomon, Falcon of Sheba One of the primary problems for Judaeo-Christian theologians is the disturbing reality that both King David and King Solomon, the most celebrated kings of Judaic history, cannot be found in the historical record. So how can this be so? How could a wealthy and influential empire suddenly disappear from the archaeological record? The physical evidence, or rather the lack of it, has long been deeply troubling. But, having at last discovered solid evidence that showed the true location for the tombs and sarcophagi of King Solomon and King David, I did wonder how these precious artifacts had not been identified previously. It was only on visiting this location that the reasons became more clear. While I had already ascertained that these two historic sarcophagi had lain, misidentified, in a museum for more than sixty years, I was still not prepared for what I actually discovered - at the back of a small, unexceptional room, the magnificent solid silver coffins of two of the most celebrated monarchs in ancient history lay in total darkness! This investigation had begun several years ago with the publication of my first book Jesus, Last of the Pharaohs, in which I traced the history of the early biblical patriarchs and showed them to have been the Hyksos pharaohs of Egypt. If the truth were known, the biblical Exodus of 'lowly' shepherds out of Egypt was actually the historical exodus of the Hyksos Shepherd Kings out of Egypt. This book was followed swiftly by a sequel called Tempest & Exodus, which showed clear evidence that the biblical Exodus had been inscribed upon an ancient Egyptian stele of Ahmose I. But what of the later and more famous Judaic monarchs from the United Monarchy of Israel? What of King David and King Solomon? While these monarchs were undoubtedly missing from the archaeological record of Judaea, could they too have had an Egyptian ancestry and heritage? This suggestion might initially seem to be highly unlikely, as it is obvious that nothing in the biblical history of the United Monarchy can be directly compared to the chronologically equivalent pharaohs within the 21st and 22nd dynasties of Egypt. But perhaps the real problem here, is that this accepted axiom is so obvious that nobody has actually tried comparing these two dynasties, and upon making an initial comparison I was surprised to find a great number of similarities between the 'separate' 10th century BC monarchies of Israel and Egypt. For instance, the following table lists the known pharaohs of the twenty-first dynasty

and compares these names with the equivalent biblical ancestors of King David: Biblical Leaders Ezron (Hezron) Ram Amminadab Nahshon Salmon Boaz Obed Jesse David Historical Pharaohs Ramesses Ramesses Amen-Nesbanebdjed (Smendes) Nemneshu (Amenemnishu) Siamun Bas-Uasorkon Amenemopet Harsiese Psusennes II

Some of the entries in the above list can be seen to be direct equivalents of each other, while some of the other names look less convincing. For the latter entries, perhaps some extra explanations are required, and these are listed below. The top line in each case represents the biblical pronunciation (B), while the lower line is the historical equivalent (H): B EzINCLUDEPICTUR E "http://www.worldmysteries.com/gw_r ellis_sp.gif" \* MERGEFORMATI NET -ron, H EssesINCLUDEPI CTURE "http://www. worldmysteries.co m/gw_rellis_ sp.gif" \* MERGEFOR

MATINET -ram INCLUDEPI CTURE "http://www. worldmysteries.co m/gw_rellis_ sp.gif" \* MERGEFOR MATINET (Ramesses X), B Ram, H RamINCLUDEPI CTURE "http://www. worldmysteries.co m/gw_rellis_ sp.gif" \* MERGEFOR MATINET -esses INCLUDEPI CTURE "http://www. worldmysteries.co m/gw_rellis_ sp.gif" \* MERGEFOR MATINET

(Ramesses XI), B AmminINCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.worldmysteries.com/gw_rellis_s p.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET -nad INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.worldmysteries.com/gw_rellis_s p.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET -dab, H AmenINCLUDEPI CTURE "http://www. worldmysteries.co m/gw_rellis_ sp.gif" \* MERGEFOR MATINET -Nes INCLUDEPI CTURE "http://www. worldmysteries.co m/gw_rellis_ sp.gif" \* MERGEFOR MATINET

-ba INCLUDEPI CTURE "http://www. worldmysteries.co m/gw_rellis_ sp.gif" \* MERGEFOR MATINET -neb INCLUDEPI CTURE "http://www. worldmysteries.co m/gw_rellis_ sp.gif" \* MERGEFOR MATINET -djed, B ... INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.worldmysteries.com/gw_rellis_s p.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Nah- INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.worldmysteries.com/gw_rellis_s p.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET -shon, H Amenem INCLUDEPI

CTURE "http://www. worldmysteries.co m/gw_rellis_ sp.gif" \* MERGEFOR MATINET -Ne INCLUDEPI CTURE "http://www. worldmysteries.co m/gw_rellis_ sp.gif" \* MERGEFOR MATINET INCLUDEPI CTURE "http://www. worldmysteries.co m/gw_rellis_ sp.gif" \* MERGEFOR MATINET -shu, B SINCLUDEPICT URE "http://www.wo rldmysteries.com/g w_rellis_sp.gif"

\* MERGEFORM ATINET -almon, H SiINCLUDE PICTURE "http://ww w.worldmysteries.c om/gw_rell is_sp.gif" \ * MERGEF ORMATIN ET -amun, B BINCLUDEPICT URE "http://www.wo rldmysteries.com/g w_rellis_sp.gif" \* MERGEFORM ATINET -Oaz, H BasINCLUDE PICTURE "http://ww w.worldmysteries.c om/gw_rell

is_sp.gif" \ * MERGEF ORMATIN ET -UasINCLUDE PICTURE "http://ww w.worldmysteries.c om/gw_rell is_sp.gif" \ * MERGEF ORMATIN ET -orkon, B ... INCLUDEPI CTURE "http://www. worldmysteries.co m/gw_rellis_ sp.gif" \* MERGEFOR MATINET Obed, H AmenemINCLUDE PICTURE "http://ww w.worldmysteries.c om/gw_rell

is_sp.gif" \ * MERGEF ORMATIN ET -Opet, B JeINCLUDEPI CTURE "http://www. worldmysteries.co m/gw_rellis_ sp.gif" \* MERGEFOR MATINET -sse, H HarINCLUDE PICTURE "http://ww w.worldmysteries.c om/gw_rell is_sp.gif" \ * MERGEF ORMATIN ET -siese, B David, H Psusennes

. This list clearly demonstrates that there are some equivalent names in both the historical chronology of Egypt and the biblical chronology of the United Monarchy - indeed the two royal lines appear to mimic each other remarkably well. But there is a problem with this suggestion, because the pharaonic king-list ends up with a pharaoh called Psusennes, whereas the biblical chronology results in King David. On the surface, there would appear to be no comparison to be made between these two monarchs whatsoever. The method of making progress in this research is not simply to compare names, but to look at these characters' attributes as well. There are two main claims to fame for King David: phrases and imagery that have come down to us through the centuries and the millennia, and which are probably as familiar to us now as they were nearly three thousand years ago during the reign of this famous king - the 'Star of David' and the 'City of David'. Having highlighted these two, unique terms, the primary goal of this investigation would seem to be self-explanatory: if a member of the Egyptian royal family can be found who is strongly associated with both a star and a city, we may well be a long way down the road to resolving the identity of the historical King David. As it happens, there was an Egyptian pharaoh of the twenty-first dynasty whose name in the hieroglyphic spelling encompassed both the star INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.worldmysteries.com/gw_rel_str.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET and the city INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_rel_cit.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET glyphs, and he was called Pa-seba-kha-en-nuit. INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_rellis_48.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET Fig. 1 Cartouche of Pasebakhaen-nuit (Psusennes or David). The initial similarity between these two monarchs is, therefore, quite striking, and so the possibility exists that these monarchs may have been either related to each other or, more provocatively, the same individual. Having discovered this synchronism, it was even more interesting to find that the common Greek name for this particular pharaoh was Psusennes - the very same pharaoh who appears in the Egyptian king-list next to the biblical King David. It would appear that these two monarchs not only had similar attributes, but they also reigned at exactly the same time, according to the standard chronology. However, if these two kings now appear to have once had rather similar attributes, their names still seem to be remarkably different. If these two monarchs are to be compared in some manner, then how did the biblical scribes manage to confuse a complicated Egyptian name like

Pa-seba-kha-en-nuit (Psusennes) with the Judaic name, David? The simple answer to this, is that the name David is a greatly shortened nickname, based upon the star glyph. The common pronunciation for this glyph is seba INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.worldmysteries.com/gw_rel_str.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET , as can be seen from the name Paseba-kha-en-nuit. However, seba is not the only word in Egyptian that can be used to describe a star, and the one that the scribes were thinking about when they made the Judaic translation of this name was actually djuat. The Hebrew form of the name 'David' is pronounced Daveed INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_reli_dvd.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET and even in this translation it is not difficult to see how this name was derived from the Egyptian original of djuat or djuait. But the Hebrew translation, as given in the text books, is not necessarily the original pronunciation of this royal name. The name of King David is only given by the three consonants of Daleth, Waw and Daleth, which can actually give us the name DVD or DUD INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_reli_dvd.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET , and this is recognised as being the short form of the name David. Since true vowels are not written in Hebrew text, they have to be inserted between these consonants to produce a name like DaVaD or DaUaD. But if the true pronunciation of this name is unknown then this insertion of vowels is largely based upon guesswork, and if the initial vowel were deleted in this particular case, then the resulting name for King David would be either DVaD or DUaD. Rectifying this error in pronunciation would mean that the real Hebrew name for King David was actually Duad, whereas the Egyptian word for this star was pronounced djuat. But since the 't' and 'd' consonants are almost interchangeable within the Egyptian alphabet, the words djuat and djuad could be considered to be direct equivalents of each other. Only now can the truth of the matter be clearly seen, the Judaean King known as David [Duad] was most probably the Egyptian pharaoh called Psusennes (Pa-djuat-kha-ennuit). Sheba Since this suggestion represents such a fundamental revision to both theology and history, such a list of similarities and coincidences is simply not enough evidence to convince the sceptical reader. Luckily for the theory, however, this scenario is further confirmed by the name of a daughter of this same pharaoh, who was known as Maakhare Mu-Tamhat. Surprising as it may seem, King David had a daughter who bore a strikingly similar name; she was called Maakhah Tamar INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.worldmysteries.com/gw_reli_maak.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET . The only appreciable difference between the names of these two royal princesses is that the Judaean lady has dropped the 'Mu' from her second name - in the Hebrew texts, the Egyptian name Maakhare Mu-Tamhat has

become Maakhare Tamhat, or Maakhah Tamar. Contrary to the popular perception, here, at last, we can see some of the many conclusive and dramatic links and similarities that really do exist between the supposedly distinct and separate monarchies of Egypt and Israel during the 10th century BC. Throughout this investigation, name after name, title after title and event after event, drawn from these two dynasties, will be shown to be direct equivalents of each other. If the truth were known and its implications understood, the Israelite United Monarchy and the Egyptian 21st dynasty were one and the same. Israelite history is, in fact, the history of the Lower Egyptian pharaonic line.

INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_rellis_maak.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET Fig. 2 Maakhare mu-Tamhat or Maakhah Tamar Queen of Sheba It is at this point that the story diverges for a while, and the next task is to trace the origins of the legendary Queen of Sheba. So where did this famous queen really come from? Theologians will point towards Ethiopia, while historians will instead indicate that she came from Saba, an ancient city-state that was situated in modern-day Yemen. It transpires that both of these locations are wrong, and it was the first century historian Josephus who had a much better grasp of the history of this era, when he stated that the Queen of Sheba came instead from Egypt. This fact was actually noted in the biblical texts, but the scribes were being typically obtuse in not actually naming this famous (Egyptian) queen in this particular verse: And Solomon made a marriage alliance with Pharaoh king of Egypt, and took Pharaoh's daughter, and brought her into the city of David. (1Ki 3:1) While it is clear that an Egyptian princess did visit and marry King Solomon, the Bible tries to keep this verse separate from the section that details the 'additional' visit to King Solomon by the Queen of Sheba. (1Ki 10:1-13) But the Kebra Nagast, the Ethiopian Bible, eventually gives away the Judaic Bible's long-lost secret. Firstly, the Kebra Nagast says that this 'pharaoh's daughter' was actually the Queen of Sheba, which is remarkable enough. Secondly, the text then goes on to name this princess, and it would seem that she was originally known as Maakshare - a name that can also be read as Maakhare, as the 'kh' and 'sh' transpositions between the Egyptian and Hebrew languages are numerous. The result of this comparison between three different textual sources suggests that the Queen of Sheba was an Egypto-Judaean princess who was called Maakhare Mu-Tamhat in the Egyptian language, and Maakhah Tamar in the Hebrew. But if this was true, then how did this Egypto-

Judaean princess become known as the Queen of Sheba? The answer lies in the convoluted consanguinity rules that were applied during this era, and the resulting marriage between Princess Maakhah Tamar and her father, King David [Psusennes]. The precise Egyptian name for Pharaoh Psusennes [King David] was Pa-djuat-khaennuit . It was from the star glyph in this name INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.worldmysteries.com/gw_rel_str.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET , which can be pronounced as djuat INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_rell_duat.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET , that this king's nickname of Duad or David was derived. Since the djuat was a star that was closely associated with this particular pharaoh, the common phrase for this glyph became the 'Star of Duad' or the 'Star of David'. In turn, since the princess called Maakhah Tamar was now married to King David [Psusennes], she would naturally have picked up the same associations, and so she is likely to have been known as the 'Queen of King Duad' or the 'Queen of King David'. But there is another, more common way of pronouncing this particular pharaoh's name in the modern reference manuals, and that is Pa-seba-khaennuit. All that has happened here is that the star glyph has been translated as being the word seba (sheba), which also means 'star'. If this had been the fashion in ancient times, then King David could also have been known as King Sheba. This alteration would, of course, have had a corresponding effect on the title that was given to Maakhah Tamar, the daughter-wife of King David - instead of being known as the 'Queen of King David', she would quite naturally have been called the 'Queen of King Sheba', or perhaps the 'Queen of Sheba' for short. The biblical texts confirm this argument when they appear to show that Maakhah Tamar had another title, that of Bathsheba. This title is composed of two elements, bath INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_reli_bath.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET meaning 'daughter' and sheba INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_reli_sheba.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET meaning 'Sheba'. However, this was the name of Maakhah Tamar before she married, and since she was King David's daughter she would obviously have been called the 'Daughter of Sheba' (Bath Sheba). It was only after she married her father that she became the 'Queen of Sheba' (Malkah Sheba). But the biblical texts say that the Queen of Sheba visited King Solomon, not King David, so how does this new theory solve this little puzzle? The simple answer to this problem is that Maakhah Tamar [Bathsheba, the Queen of Sheba] was not only the wife of King David, but also the young mother of King Solomon. She may have retired to Upper Egypt after the death of King David - she disappears from the biblical record at this point in time - but when she later visited her most famous son, who was now the king of all Israel (and Lower Egypt), she was

still known by her previous formal title of the Queen of Sheba. This would explain the great wealth and status that the biblical texts have attached to this monarch; she was, after all, both the king's mother and the widow of the most powerful of all the monarchs in that era, King David [King Sheba or Pharaoh Psusennes]. Confirmation While the evidence already given may seem to provide a convincing link between Kind David and the pharaoh Psusennes II, the final pieces of the jigsaw that truly confirms this hypothesis are the other historical characters that this theory can also identify. Once more, the classical perception of history would suggest that the court of Pharaoh Psusennes and the court of King David would have absolutely nothing in common, and once more the complete opposite of this is actually true. The first of these similarities concerns the chief army commander of King David, who is said to have been called Joab. Surprisingly enough, the chief army commander of Psusennes II was called Un-tchoab-endjed, or Joab for short. Thus, surprisingly enough, the biblical and historical accounts give the same name for this army commander, a fact that serves to strengthen the links between Psusennes II and King David. Then there is the strange case of the chief architects of this era. The Bible indicates that the chief architect of King David and King Solomon was called Hiram Abi, who is the same individual as is it mentioned and revered in the masonic world as Hiram Abif. Meanwhile, if we search though the historical record, it can be seen that the chief architect of the pharaoh Psusennes II was called Herum Atif. Again this investigation has discovered the same name for the same individual in two 'completely separate' royal dynasties. INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_rellis_joa.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.worldmysteries.com/gw_rellis_herem.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET Fig. 3 Un-joab-endjed (Joab) and Herum Atif (Hiram Atif) It is apparent that the historical and biblical records precisely agree on a number of names, titles and positions within these two royal dynasties of the tenth century BC, and all of these characters were known to have lived just one generation before the pharaoh Sheshonq I (the biblical Shishak) came to the throne. Perhaps it is worth listing these individuals for clarity. Biblical name King David (Duat) Maakhah Tamar Egyptian name King Psusennes (Duat) Maakhare Mu-Tamhat Rank or position A king who reigned before Shishak A daughter of the above

Joab Hiram Abi(f)

Un-joab-endjed (Joab) Herum Atif

king An army commander of the above king A chief architect of the above king and his son

This is just the tip of the great iceberg of evidence that Ralph Ellis has drawn together and which proves conclusively that the Judaic United Monarchy of King David was actually one and the same as the Lower Egyptian monarchy of the twenty-first and twenty-second dynasties. While this declaration in itself represents a major re-evaluation of both history and theology, this evidence also brings with it one further dramatic revelation. A number of excavations have been conducted in Egypt over the years. One of these discovered a cache of royal mummies at at Deir el-Bahri near Thebes, while the 1939 expedition of Pierre Montet discovered some magnificent, intact tombs within the temple enclosure at Tanis. The latter of these tombs contained the intact sarcophagi of the pharaohs Psusennes and Sheshonq, who I have identified in the book Solomon, Falcon of Sheba as being the monarchs of the Israelite United Monarchy. Thus, it is entirely possible that the magnificent solid silver sarcophaguses and the mummies of the biblical King David, King Solomon, Joab, Hiram Abif and the Queen of Sheba all now reside in the Cairo Museum. Needless to say, if these biblical heroes do turn out to have been Egyptian pharaohs, this will be the biggest and most revolutionary change to our perceptions of history and theology that there has ever been since the dawn of civilisation. Surprisingly, given the stakes at issue here, there is a great deal of compelling evidence to suggest that this thesis is absolutely true, and that millions and millions of people down the millennia have been completely and utterly deceived by a few Israelite scribes who deliberately set out to alter history.

Copyright Ralph Ellis Dec 2002 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced by any means or in any form whatsoever without the prior written permission of both the copyright owner and the publisher.

As a result of their encounter, the Queen of Sheba gave birth to King Solomons son, whom she called Menelik I. The birth paved the way for future dealings between Israel and Ethiopia, binding the nations together by blood. According to legend, when the Queen left King Solomon he gave her a ring engraved with the lion of Judah, signifying Israel. It was said to have sacred powers. The ring was intended for their child, to be passed down through the generations. The ring was eventually given to Emperor Haile Selassie, known as Ras Tafari, in 1930. His people considered him as the last in a long line of the Divine incarnate, beginning with Abraham. The Queen of Shebas relationship with King Solomon established a link between Jews and Ras Tafarians, who embrace the Star of David with their own symbol. According to some, the legendary Ras Tafarian Bob Marley was given King Solomons ring by Haile Selassies son upon the death of the Emperor. It is said that Marley was buried wearing the ring.

Star of David From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article is about the use of the hexagram as a Jewish symbol. For other uses, see HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexagram" \o "Hexagram" Hexagram.

A hexagram (Greek) or sexagram (Latin) is a six-pointed geometric HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_figure" \o "Star figure" star figure, {6|2}, 2{3}, or {{3}}, the compound of two HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equilateral" \o "Equilateral" equilateral HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangles" \o "Triangles" triangles. The intersection is a regular HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexagon" \o "Hexagon" hexagon. In HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometry" \o "Geometry" geometry, a hexagon (from HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greek" \o "Ancient Greek" Greek hex, "six") is a HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygon" \o "Polygon" polygon with six edges and six HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertex_(geometry)" \o "Vertex (geometry)" vertices. A regular hexagon has HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schl%C3%A4fli_symbol" \o "Schlfli symbol" Schlfli symbol {6}. The total of the internal angles of any hexagon is 720. Notice here the number 526 and the number 3

Using the alphanumeric table, the word Three is a 56.The earth is made up by the 5:6 pentagon-hexagon ratio.

A concave hexagon

A self-intersecting hexagon ( HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_polygon" \o "Star polygon" star polygon)

The Seven-Pointed Star The white line in this graph is an irregular pentagonal cyclic polygon, defining the a HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertex_figure" \o "Vertex figure" vertex figure for the HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_retrosnub_icosidodecahedron" \o "Great retrosnub icosidodecahedron" great retrosnub icosidodecahedron. The edge lengths are defined by the distance between alternate vertices in the faces of the HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_polyhedron" \o "Uniform polyhedron" uniform polyhedron.

The Star of David, known in Hebrew as the Shield of David or Magen David ( HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew" \o "Hebrew" Hebrew ; HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblical_Hebrew" \o "Biblical Hebrew" Biblical Hebrew Mn Dw, HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiberian_Hebrew" \o "Tiberian Hebrew" Tiberian [men dvi], HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_Hebrew" \o "Modern Hebrew" Modern Hebrew HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_Hebrew" \o "Wikipedia:IPA for Hebrew" [maen david], HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashkenazi_Hebrew" \o "Ashkenazi Hebrew" Ashkenazi Hebrew and HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yiddish" \o "Yiddish" Yiddish Mogein Dovid [men dvid] or Mogen Dovid) is a generally recognized symbol of HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_identity" \o "Jewish identity" Jewish identity and HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judaism" \o "Judaism" Judaism. Its shape is that of a HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexagram" \o "Hexagram" hexagram, the compound of two HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equilateral_triangle" \o "Equilateral triangle" equilateral triangles. One triangle represents the ruling HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribe_of_Judah" \o "Tribe of Judah" tribe of Judah and the other the former ruling HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribe_of_Benjamin" \o "Tribe of Benjamin" tribe of Benjamin. It is also seen as a HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalet" \o "Dalet" dalet and HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yud" \o "Yud" yud, the two letters assigned to Judah. There are 12 Vav, or "men," representing the 12 tribes or patriarchs of Israel. The hexagram has been in use as a symbol of Judaism since the 17th century, with precedents in the 14th to 16th centuries in HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Europe" \o "Central Europe" Central Europe, where the Shield of David was partly used in conjunction with the HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seal_of_Solomon" \o "Seal of Solomon" Seal of Solomon (the hexagram) on Jewish flags. Its use probably derives from medieval (11th to 13th century) Jewish protective amulets ( HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segulot" \o "Segulot" segulot). The term "Shield of David" is also used in the HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siddur" \o "Siddur" Siddur (Jewish prayer book) as a title of the HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_of_Israel" \o "God of Israel" God of Israel.

The Magen David is always shown as two triangles, interwoven. One possible explanation is that the two triangles represent a characterization of the Urim and Thummim. According to statements attributed to Joseph Smith, the Urim and Thummim were two triangular stones connected by a silver bow. One pointed up, the other pointed down. Superimposed they make a fascinating Magen David! According to a paper given at Hebrew University by John Tvedtnes, now Senior Researcher at FARMS (BYU), the words Urim and Thummim may come from Egyptian words similar to "RMMM" and "TMMM," one meaning yes or act upon it (positive), the other a more negative meaning (leave it alone). Since the Urim and Thummin were revelatory tools, it is possible that they represent or operate on a simple principle of revelation.

"But, behold, I say unto you, that you must study it out in your mind; then you must ask me if it be right, and if it is right I will cause that your bosom shall burn within you; therefore, you shall feel that it is right." (D. & C. 9:8)

THE URIM and THUMMIM

"The Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron saying "The Israelites shall camp each with his standard under the banners of their ancestral house" (Numbers 2:2). The standards borne by the 12 tribes served the same purpose as heraldic devices. Their colors and emblems were: Reuben red; emblem mandrakes.

Simeon green; emblem the town of Shechem. Levi white, black and red; emblem the Urim and Thummim (Deuteronomy 33:9). Judah azure; emblem a lion. Issachar black; emblem a strong- boned ass or sun and moon. Zebulun white; emblem a ship. Dan sapphire; emblem a tent or a lion. Naphtali rose; emblem a hind. Asher aquamarine; emblem an olive-tree. Ephraim and Manasseh black, embroidered with a picture of Egypt; emblem: Ephraim, a bullock and Manasseh, a wild ox. Benjamin 12 colors; emblem a wolf." (Encyclopedia Judaica Jr.) In the ancient days, the inner two courtyards were draped or had curtains draped between the stakes or poles and cords so that the sacredness and dignity of the priestly area and the Lord's habitation were maintained.

The Death of Jesus

45

From noon until three in the afternoon darkness came over all the land. 46 About three in the afternoon Jesus cried out in a loud voice, Eli, Eli,[ HYPERLINK "http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/? search=Matthew+27&version=NIV" \l "fen-NIV-24176c#fen-NIV-24176c" \o "See footnote c" c] lema sabachthani? (which means My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?).[ HYPERLINK "http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?
search=Matthew+27&version=NIV" \l "fen-NIV-24176d#fen-NIV-24176d" \o "See footnote d" d] 47 48

When some of those standing there heard this, they said, Hes calling Elijah.

Immediately one of them ran and got a sponge. He filled it with wine vinegar, put it on a staff, and offered it to Jesus to drink. 49 The rest said, Now leave him alone. Lets see if Elijah comes to save him.
50 51

And when Jesus had cried out again in a loud voice, he gave up his spirit.

At that moment the curtain of the temple was torn in two from top to bottom. The earth shook, the rocks split 52 and the tombs broke open. The bodies of many holy people who had died were raised to life. 53 They came out of the tombs after Jesus resurrection and[ HYPERLINK "http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+27&version=NIV" \l "fen-NIV-24183e#fen-NIV-24183e" \o "See footnote e" e] went into the holy city and appeared to many people.

54

When the centurion and those with him who were guarding Jesus saw the earthquake and all that had happened, they were terrified, and exclaimed, Surely he was the Son of God!

55

Many women were there, watching from a distance. They had followed Jesus from Galilee to care for his needs. 56 Among them were Mary Magdalene, Mary the mother of James and Joseph,[ HYPERLINK "http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+27&version=NIV" \l "fen-NIV-24186f#fen-NIV-24186f" \o "See footnote f" f] and the mother of Zebedees sons.

"Look upon Zion, the city of our solemnities: thine eyes shall see Jerusalem a quiet habitation, a tabernacle that shall not be taken down; not one of the stakes thereof shall ever be removed, neither shall any of the cords thereof be broken." (Isaiah 33:20) See, Solonum Matthew 27 New International Version (NIV) Matthew 27 Judas Hangs Himself
1

Early in the morning, all the chief priests and the elders of the people made their plans how to have Jesus executed. 2 So they bound him, led him away and handed him over to Pilate the governor. When Judas, who had betrayed him, saw that Jesus was condemned, he was seized with remorse and returned the thirty pieces of silver to the chief priests and the elders. 4 I have sinned, he said, for I have betrayed innocent blood. What is that to us? they replied. Thats your responsibility.
5 3

So Judas threw the money into the temple and left. Then he went away and hanged himself.
6

The chief priests picked up the coins and said, It is against the law to put this into the

treasury, since it is blood money. 7 So they decided to use the money to buy the potters field as a burial place for foreigners. 8 That is why it has been called the Field of Blood to this day. 9 Then what was spoken by Jeremiah the prophet was fulfilled: They took the thirty pieces of silver, the price set on him by the people of Israel, 10 and they used them to buy the potters field, as the Lord commanded me.[ HYPERLINK "http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+27&version=NIV" \l "fenNIV-24140a#fen-NIV-24140a" \o "See footnote a" a]

Jesus Before Pilate

11

Meanwhile Jesus stood before the governor, and the governor asked him, Are you the king of the Jews? You have said so, Jesus replied.

When he was accused by the chief priests and the elders, he gave no answer. 13 Then Pilate asked him, Dont you hear the testimony they are bringing against you? 14 But Jesus made no reply, not even to a single chargeto the great amazement of the governor.
15

12

Now it was the governors custom at the festival to release a prisoner chosen by the crowd. 16 At that time they had a well-known prisoner whose name was Jesus[ HYPERLINK "http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+27&version=NIV" \l "fen-NIV-24146b#fen-NIV-24146b" \o "See footnote b" b] Barabbas. 17 So when the crowd had gathered, Pilate asked them, Which one do you want me to release to you: Jesus Barabbas, or Jesus who is called the Messiah? 18 For he knew it was out of selfinterest that they had handed Jesus over to him.
19

While Pilate was sitting on the judges seat, his wife sent him this message: Dont have anything to do with that innocent man, for I have suffered a great deal today in a dream because of him. But the chief priests and the elders persuaded the crowd to ask for Barabbas and to have Jesus executed.
21

20

Which of the two do you want me to release to you? asked the governor. Barabbas, they answered.

22

What shall I do, then, with Jesus who is called the Messiah? Pilate asked. They all answered, Crucify him!
23

Why? What crime has he committed? asked Pilate. But they shouted all the louder, Crucify him!

24

When Pilate saw that he was getting nowhere, but that instead an uproar was starting, he took water and washed his hands in front of the crowd. I am innocent of this mans blood, he said. It is your responsibility!

25 26

All the people answered, His blood is on us and on our children!

Then he released Barabbas to them. But he had Jesus flogged, and handed him over to be crucified. The Soldiers Mock Jesus

27

Then the governors soldiers took Jesus into the Praetorium and gathered the whole company of soldiers around him. 28 They stripped him and put a scarlet robe on him, 29 and then twisted together a crown of thorns and set it on his head. They put a staff in his right hand. Then they knelt in front of him and mocked him. Hail, king of the Jews! they said. 30 They spit on him, and took the staff and struck him on the head again and again. 31 After they had mocked him, they took off the robe and put his own clothes on him. Then they led him away to crucify him. The Crucifixion of Jesus

As they were going out, they met a man from Cyrene, named Simon, and they forced him to carry the cross. 33 They came to a place called Golgotha (which means the place of the skull). 34 There they offered Jesus wine to drink, mixed with gall; but after tasting it, he refused to drink it. 35 When they had crucified him, they divided up his clothes by casting lots. 36 And sitting down, they kept watch over him there. 37 Above his head they placed the written charge against him: THIS IS JESUS, THE KING OF THE JEWS.
38

32

Two rebels were crucified with him, one on his right and one on his left. 39 Those who passed by hurled insults at him, shaking their heads 40 and saying, You who are going to destroy the temple and build it in three days, save yourself! Come down from the cross, if you are the Son of God! 41 In the same way the chief priests, the teachers of the law and the elders mocked him. 42 He saved others, they said, but he cant save himself! Hes the king of Israel! Let him come down now from the cross, and we will believe in him. 43 He trusts in God. Let God rescue him now if he wants him, for he said, I am the Son of God. 44 In the same way the rebels who were crucified with him also heaped insults on him. The Death of Jesus
45

From noon until three in the afternoon darkness came over all the land. 46 About three in the afternoon Jesus cried out in a loud voice, Eli, Eli,[ HYPERLINK "http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/? search=Matthew+27&version=NIV" \l "fen-NIV-24176c#fen-NIV-24176c" \o "See footnote c" c] lema sabachthani? (which means [ HYPERLINK "http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/? My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?).
search=Matthew+27&version=NIV" \l "fen-NIV-24176d#fen-NIV-24176d" \o "See footnote d" d] 47 48

When some of those standing there heard this, they said, Hes calling Elijah.

Immediately one of them ran and got a sponge. He filled it with wine vinegar, put it on a

staff, and offered it to Jesus to drink. 49 The rest said, Now leave him alone. Lets see if Elijah comes to save him.
50 51

And when Jesus had cried out again in a loud voice, he gave up his spirit.

At that moment the curtain of the temple was torn in two from top to bottom. The earth shook, the rocks split 52 and the tombs broke open. The bodies of many holy people who had died were raised to life. 53 They came out of the tombs after Jesus resurrection and[ HYPERLINK "http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+27&version=NIV" \l "fen-NIV-24183e#fen-NIV-24183e" \o "See footnote e" e] went into the holy city and appeared to many people.
54

When the centurion and those with him who were guarding Jesus saw the earthquake and all that had happened, they were terrified, and exclaimed, Surely he was the Son of God!

55

Many women were there, watching from a distance. They had followed Jesus from Galilee to care for his needs. 56 Among them were Mary Magdalene, Mary the mother of James and Joseph,[ HYPERLINK "http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+27&version=NIV" \l "fen-NIV-24186f#fen-NIV-24186f" \o "See footnote f" f] and the mother of Zebedees sons. The Burial of Jesus As evening approached, there came a rich man from Arimathea, named Joseph, who had himself become a disciple of Jesus. 58 Going to Pilate, he asked for Jesus body, and Pilate ordered that it be given to him. 59 Joseph took the body, wrapped it in a clean linen cloth, 60 and placed it in his own new tomb that he had cut out of the rock. He rolled a big stone in front of the entrance to the tomb and went away. 61 Mary Magdalene and the other Mary were sitting there opposite the tomb. The Guard at the Tomb The next day, the one after Preparation Day, the chief priests and the Pharisees went to Pilate. 63 Sir, they said, we remember that while he was still alive that deceiver said, After three days I will rise again. 64 So give the order for the tomb to be made secure until the third day. Otherwise, his disciples may come and steal the body and tell the people that he has been raised from the dead. This last deception will be worse than the first.
62 57

65

Take a guard, Pilate answered. Go, make the tomb as secure as you know how. 66 So they went and made the tomb secure by putting a seal on the stone and posting the guard. Footnotes:

HYPERLINK "http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+27&version=NIV" \l "en-NIV-24140#en-NIV-24140" \o "Go to Matthew 27:10" Matthew 27:10 See Zech. 11:12,13; Jer. 19:1-13; 32:6-9.

HYPERLINK "http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+27&version=NIV" \l "en-NIV-24146#en-NIV-24146" \o "Go to Matthew 27:16" Matthew 27:16 Many manuscripts do not have Jesus; also in verse 17. HYPERLINK "http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+27&version=NIV" \l "en-NIV-24176#en-NIV-24176" \o "Go to Matthew 27:46" Matthew 27:46 Some manuscripts Eloi, Eloi HYPERLINK "http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+27&version=NIV" \l "en-NIV-24176#en-NIV-24176" \o "Go to Matthew 27:46" Matthew 27:46 Psalm 22:1 HYPERLINK "http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+27&version=NIV" \l "en-NIV-24183#en-NIV-24183" \o "Go to Matthew 27:53" Matthew 27:53 Or tombs, and after Jesus resurrection they HYPERLINK "http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+27&version=NIV" \l "en-NIV-24186#en-NIV-24186" \o "Go to Matthew 27:56" Matthew 27:56 Greek Joses, a variant of Joseph

Star of David Captured by Shites - Erp Google Earth reveals Star of David on roof of Iran Air HQ HYPERLINK "http://www.jpost.com/Authors/AuthorPage.aspx?id=34" \t "_blank" By BEN HARTMAN 11/30/2010 17:35 http://www.jpost.com/IranianThreat/News/Article.aspx?id=197395 Building was constructed by Israeli engineers prior to Islamic Revolution; Iranian officials incensed, call for Jewish symbol's removal.

Photo by: Google Earth

Did Israeli prankster architects sneak a Star of David onto the roof of the Teheran airport, or is the controversy in Iran over a Google Earth revelation much ado about nothing? Regardless of whether it was happenstance or an act of architectural subterfuge, government officials in Iran were incensed this week when they discovered the outline of a Star of David atop the roof of the headquarters of Iran Air, Al- Arabiya reported on Monday.

The six-pointed star was discovered by an eagle-eyed Google Earth user recently, over three decades after the building that houses the national airline of the Islamic Republic was constructed by Israeli engineers. Israel and the Shahs Iran maintained good ties until the Islamic Revolution of 1979 ended the relationship. Before 1979, Israel brokered arms deals with Iran, and there were regular flights between Teheran and Tel Aviv. Once the existence of the Star of David was reported in Iranian media, government officials called for the immediate removal of the apparently offensive Jewish symbol. The discovery of the symbol came three months after the Iranian public learned of the existence of a Star of David on the roof of a building in Teherans Revolution Square.

Star of David in Window Note: The Crucifix Symbol is an inverted phallus symbol displayed by all Popes as being bent meaning that the crucifixion of the Christ was to make him infertile (Tree of Life) and a second round of genocide against his people who would lack their Lord on his Second return as the first departure of Jesus (Amen Hotep II) was due to a meteor shower which left a two-mile crater in Egypt. See, The Black Stone Mecca Below, dramatization of true crucifixion symbol of Peter (Petrie), name spelled as Per in Scandinavia.

Joint of the Jews The American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee Jewish Distribution Committee

JDC Officers and Board Members PRESIDENT Penny Blumenstein CEO & EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT Steven Schwager CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD Dr. Irving A. Smokler HONORARY PRESIDENTS Heinz Eppler Sylvia Hassenfeld Judge Ellen M. Heller Jonathan W. Kolker Donald M. RobinsonHONORARY EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT Ralph I. Goldman VICE PRESIDENTS Alan S. Jaffe Jacob Schimmel TREASURER Stanley A. Rabin SECRETARY Caryn Wolf Wechsler

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEEE Helen Abeles Geoffrey J. Colvin

Rabbi Yechiel Eckstein Edith B. Everett Martha Freedman Rani Garfinkle Irving Granovsky David Horowitz Karen Jaffe Carol Kaplan Irene Kaplan Arlene G. Kaufman S. Lee Kohrman Alice Kulick Joseph Lebovic Alan Leifer Kris MacDonald Martin Paisner Steven Price Charles K. Ribakoff Nigel Ross Jay Ruderman Professor Carol R. Saivetz Max R. Schrayer Harvey Schulweis Jodi J. Schwartz Paula Sidman Mark B. Sisisky Edgar Snyder Marc Suvall Steven C. Taub Marshall M. Weinberg Jane Weitzman Dario Werthein Etta Gross Zimmerman

INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL CO-CHAIRMEN

Judge Ellen M. Heller Charles R. Bronfman INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL Leonard Abramson Jacob Benatoff Lester Crown Baroness Ruth Deech Alan C. Greenberg Irwin Jacobs Henry A. Kissinger Olivier Kraemer Robert Kraft Harvey M. Meyerhoff Bernard A. Osher Margot Pritzker Albert B. Ratner David de Rothschild Michael H. Steinhardt Simone Veil JDC HONORARY BOARD MEMBERS Mandell L. Berman, Franklin, MI John C. Colman, Highland Park, IL Manuel Dupkin II, Baltimore, MD Heinz Eppler, Palm Beach, FL Patricia Gantz, Harrison, NY Murray H. Goodman, Palm Beach, FL Sylvia Hassenfeld, New York, NY Judge Ellen M. Heller, Baltimore, MD Saul Kagan, New York, NY Jonathan W. Kolker, Baltimore, MD Philip M. Meyers, Scarsdale, NY Bert Rabinowitz, Antigua, West Indies Donald M. Robinson, Pittsburgh, PA Lynn Schusterman, Tulsa, OK Dr. Irving A. Smokler, Boca Raton, FL Esther Treitel, Riverdale, NY

Marshall M. Weinberg, New York, NY Elaine K. Winik, Palm Beach, FL JDC BOARD MEMBERS Helen Abeles, Melbourne, Australia Bruce A. Arbit, UIA Claude E. Arnall, Los Angeles, CA Jonathan Art, New York, NY Daniel J. Bader, Milwaukee, WI Alan R. Batkin, Greenwich, CT Saby Behar, JFNA Elaine Berke, Encino, CA Angelica Berrie, Englewood, NJ Ellen Block, Chicago, IL Penny Blumenstein, Bloomfield Hills, MI Amy A. B. Bressman, New York, NY Stuart L. Brown, Bethesda, MD Dr. Sidney N. Busis, Pittsburgh, PA Sandra Cahn, New York, NY Geoffrey J. Colvin, New York, NY Elizabeth Osher Del Pico, Houston, TX Michelle Diener, Surfside, FL Frieda Dow, Houston, TX Rabbi Yechiel Eckstein, Jerusalem, Israel Chancellor Arnold Eisen, New York, NY Fran Eizenstat, Chevy Chase, MD Alejandro W. Ergas, Santiago, Chile Edith B. Everett, New York, NY Zachary D. Fasman, New York, NY Larry Field, Highland Park, IL Eva Fischl, Sydney, Australia Martha Freedman, Houston, TX Morton L. Friedkin, San Francisco, CA Jack A. Frydrych, Encino, CA Elaine Galinson, La Jolla, CA Rani Garfinkle, Boca Raton, FL

Michael Gelman, JFNA Merle Z. Ginsburg, New York, NY Billie Gold, New York, NY David Goldberg, Shaker Heights, OH Yoine Goldstein, Montreal, Canada Richard C. Goodman, Chicago, IL Irving Granovsky, Toronto, Canada Nancy Grosfeld, Bloomfield Hills, MI Harley I. Gross, Shaker Heights, OH Ronald Grossman, New York, NY Nancy Hackerman, Baltimore, MD Andrew S. Hochberg, Northbrook, IL Michael Horovitz, Minneapolis, Minnesota David Horwitz, Atlanta, GA Alan S. Jaffe, New York, NY Karen Jaffe, Norfolk, VA Michael Jesselson, New York, NY Richard Joel, Riverdale, New York Peter Joseph, Riverdale, NY Neil Kadisha, Beverly Hills, CA Betty Kane, Boca Raton, FL Carol K. Kaplan, Highland Park, IL Irene R. Kaplan, Potomac, MD Randall R. Kaplan, Greensboro, NC Arlene G. Kaufman, Palm Beach Gardens, FL Barbara Green Kay, Palm Beach, FL Earle W. Kazis, New York, NY S. Lee Kohrman, Cleveland, OH Jim Koshland, East Palo Alto, CA Alice L. Kulick, New York, NY Hon. Ronald S. Lauder, New York, NY Murray Laulicht, Bal Harbour, FL Nigel Layton, WJR Adele Lebersfeld, Boca Raton, FL Joseph Lebovic, Toronto, Canada Alan Leifer, Newton, MA

Dr. Michael J. Levinson, Memphis, TN James Libson, WJR Stephen E. Lieberman, Edina, MN Jayne Lipman, Larchmont, NY Dr. Deborah E. Lipstadt, Atlanta, GA Kris MacDonald, Minneapolis, MN Robert Mann, Providence, RI Kathy E. Manning, JFNA Edward Merrin, New York, NY Laura Miller, Virginia Beach, VA Linda Mirels, New York, NY Joseph H. Orley, Troy, MI Martin Paisner, London, United Kingdom Richard Parasol, San Francisco, CA Trevor Pears, London, United Kingdom Stanley Plotnick, Montreal, Canada Sandra Post, Beverly Hills, CA Steven Price, Scarsdale, NY Stanley A. Rabin, Dallas, TX Charles K. Ribakoff, Boston, MA George Rich, Short Hills, NJ David Robbins, Jacksonville, FL Michele Rosen, Seattle, WA Nigel Ross, London, United Kingdom Alan E. Rothenberg, San Francisco, CA Jay Ruderman, Rechovot, Israel Professor Carol R. Saivetz, Chestnut Hill, MA Annie Sandler, Virginia Beach, VA Nathan Sandler, Los Angeles, CA Philip Schatten, New York, NY Jacob Schimmel, London, United Kingdom Rabbi Arthur Schneier, New York, NY Max Robert Schrayer, Highland Park, IL Howard Schultz, Dallas, TX Harvey Schulweis, New York, NY Jodi J. Schwartz, New York, NY Betsy R. Sheerr, Philadelphia, PA

Paula Sidman, West Newton, MA Michael Siegal, Cleveland, OH Beryl D. Simonson, Philadelphia, PA Mark B. Sisisky, Richmond, VA Terri Smooke, Beverly Hills, CA Edgar Snyder, Pittsburgh, PA Richard G. Spiegel, Excelsior, MN Susan K. Stern, JFNA Marc Suvall, New Rochelle, NY Jane Swergold, Westport, CT Steven C. Taub, Demarest, NJ Jan Tuttleman, La Jolla, CA Patricia Werthan Uhlmann, Prairie Village, KS Spencer Waxman, Riverdale, NY Caryn Wolf Wechsler, Bethesda, MD Penni Weinberg, Moreland Hills, OH Jane G. Weitzman, Greenwich, CT Dario Werthein, Buenos Aires, Argentina Mark Wilf, Short Hills, NJ M. Kenneth Witover, New York, NY Jacqueline Woolf, La Jolla, CA Joyce Zeff, Englewood, CO Etta Gross Zimmerman, Boca Raton, FL Harold Zlot, Ross, CA * deceased About JDC: The American Jewish JoiAbout JDC: The American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (JDC) is the worlds leading Jewish humanitarian assistance organization. JDC works in more than 70 countries and in Israel to alleviate hunger and hardship, rescue Jews in danger, create lasting connections to Jewish life, and provide immediate relief and long-term development support for victims of natural and man-made disasters. nt Distribution Committee (JDC) is the worlds leading Jewish humanitarian assistance organization. JDC works in more than 70 countries and in Israel to alleviate hunger and hardship, rescue Jews in danger, create lasting connections to Jewish life, and provide immediate relief and long-term development support for victims of natural and man-made disasters.

The impact of JDCs programs can be only as enduring as our partnerships are strong. Our principal aim is to assist vulnerable Jews and Jewish communities in the present while helping them build foundations on which to sustain and generate positive results for the long term. Out of our commitment to support communities in developing their own resources in ways that are both culturally sensitive and organic, JDC partners with local organizations in creating and implementing all JDC projects worldwide. The local partnerships enable JDC to most effectively address the unique needs of the communities where we work and to build the capacity of all of the institutions, professionals, and volunteers so they become equipped with the skills needed to serve their own communities. INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.jdc.org/uploadedImages/jdc_home/about_jdc/our_partners/IFCJ %20Partners%20Photo.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET Rabbi Eckstein, President of the International Fellowship for Christians and Jews (IFCJ) ensures the well-being of needy children in the FSU as part of the IFCJ/JDC Partnership.

JDC's Family of Sites HYPERLINK "http://www.ashalim.org.il/" \o "Ashalim" \t "_blank" HYPERLINK "http://www.ashalim.org.il/" \o "Ashalim" \t "_blank" Ashalim Ashalim (Association for the Planning and Development of Services for Children and Youth at Risk and their Families) was established to help Israeli children and youth at risk of abuse or neglect to grow up in nurturing families and communities, to improve their lives, and, ultimately, to reduce this tragic situation in society. This is a unique partnership of JDC-Israel, Israel's government, and the UJA/Federation of New York.

HYPERLINK "http://www.agahozo-shalom.org/" \o "Agahozo-Shalom Youth Village (ASYV)" \t "_blank" HYPERLINK "http://www.agahozo-shalom.org/" \o "Agahozo-Shalom Youth Village (ASYV)" \t "_blank" Agahozo-Shalom Youth Village A special project of JDC, the Agahozo-Shalom Youth Village in Rwanda is a supportive and nurturing home where teenagers orphaned by genocide, AIDS, and other causes can heal, learn, and experience opportunity for a new future.

HYPERLINK "http://www.jdcambassadorscircle.blogspot.com/" \o "JDC-Ambassadors Circle" \t "_blank" HYPERLINK "http://www.jdcambassadorscircle.blogspot.com/" \o "JDC-Ambassadors Circle" \t "_blank" JDC-Ambassadors Circle The JDC Ambassadors Circle is a global forum to connect philanthropists who are caring and committed supporters of JDC's mission of Rescue, Relief, and Renewal of Jewish community life in Israel and around the world.

HYPERLINK "http://www.jointnet.org.il/elka/en/page.php?id=8" \o "JDC-ELKA" \t "_blank" HYPERLINK "http://www.jointnet.org.il/elka/en/page.php?id=8" \o "JDC-ELKA" \t "_blank"

JDC-ELKA In Israel, JDC-ELKA (Association for the Development and Advancement of Manpower in the Social Services in Israel) works to enhance the management skills of senior professionals and policy makers in the public and non-profit sectors. By improving the efficiency and effectiveness of Israel's social service infrastructure, JDC-ELKA hopes to improve the quality of life for Israel's citizens.

HYPERLINK "http://en.eshelnet.org.il/" \o "JDC-ESHEL" \t "_blank" HYPERLINK "http://en.eshelnet.org.il/" \o "JDC-ESHEL" \t "_blank" JDC-ESHEL As a joint venture between JDC-Israel and the government of Israel, ESHEL (Association for the Planning and Development of Services for the Aged in Israel) has been at the forefront of the planning and development of services for Israel's older population.

HYPERLINK "http://www2.jdc.org.il/" \o "JDC-ISRAEL" \t "_blank" HYPERLINK "http://www2.jdc.org.il/" \o "JDC-ISRAEL" \t "_blank" JDC-ISRAEL From 1914 to 1948, JDC provided welfare and social assistance for members of the Yishuv (Jewish settlers in what was then Palestine), and its pioneering social services helped create the foundation for the nascent Jewish state. Today, JDC's Israel operation remains at the cutting edge of public policy innovation. JDC-Israel seeks to enhance the quality of life for Israel's vulnerable populationsincluding children, youth, and families at risk; struggling immigrant populations; the elderly; and the disabledby developing innovative programs to meet these groups' most acute needs. Current priorities include JDC-proposed Keeping the Children Safe initiatives under the Israel Emergency Campaign, which are helping reduce Israeli children's exposure to terrorist attack by providing after-school and summer camp programs that keep children off high-risk streets and away from city centers.

HYPERLINK "http://www.leatid.org/" \o "JDC Leatid Europe" \t "_blank" HYPERLINK "http://www.leatid.org/" \o "JDC Leatid Europe" \t "_blank"

JDC Leatid Europe The European Center for Jewish Leadership is a non-profit organization offering training programs and resources for Jewish community leaders.

HYPERLINK "http://www.leatidla.org/" \o "JDC Leatid Latin America" \t "_blank" HYPERLINK "http://www.leatidla.org/" \o "JDC Leatid Latin America" \t "_blank" JDC Leatid Latin America The Latin American Center for Jewish Leadership is a non-profit organization offering training programs and resources for Jewish community leaders.

HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc-iccd.org/home.asp" \o "JDC International Centre for Community Development" \t "_blank" HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc-iccd.org/home.asp" \o "JDC International Centre for Community Development" \t "_blank" JDC International Centre for Community Development The JDC International Centre for Community Development is JDC's new research, and policy facility designed to deepen understanding of Jewish community policy and to strengthen JDC's practice in the field. Based in Oxford, England, it performs applied research in the areas of contemporary Jewish identity and community, conducts high-level training seminars for practitioners and community professionals, and collects and communicates existing knowledge based on the rich experiences of JDC and other Jewish community professionals throughout the world. It draws its expert faculty and researchers from a number of renowned academic institutions, including the University of Oxford's Said Business School and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.

HYPERLINK "http://www.jewishprograms.org/" \o "JewishPrograms.org" \t "_blank" HYPERLINK "http://www.jewishprograms.org/" \o "JewishPrograms.org" \t "_blank" JewishPrograms.org JewishPrograms.org is a family of three Web-based resource centers created by JDC Europe:

HYPERLINK "http://www.morim.org/" \o "www.Morim.org" \t "_blank" www.Morim.org and HYPERLINK "http://www.madrichim.org/" \o "www.Madrichim.org" \t "_blank" www.Madrichim.org are educational resource centers providing a comprehensive gamut of creative and innovative programs for all ages and intended for use by professionals who work in classroom environments, camps, youth movements, and other educational frameworks. The third, HYPERLINK "http://www.jccenters.org/" \o "www.JCCenters.org" \t "_blank" www.JCCenters.org, offers programs and resources for community professionals on a panoply of pertinent topics, including best practices and services for programs, Jewish issues, buildings and infrastructure, management, and communication.

HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org.il/brookdale" \o "Myers-JDC-Brookdale Institute" \t "_blank" HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org.il/brookdale" \o "Myers-JDC-Brookdale Institute" \t "_blank" Myers-JDC-Brookdale Institute The institute is Israel's leading center for applied research on human services and has seven major divisions: Aging, Health Policy, Immigrant Absorption, Disability, Center for Children and Youth, Special Crosscutting Programs, and International Cooperation. The institute is an independent, non-profit organization operating as a partnership between JDC and the government of Israel.

HYPERLINK "http://www.szarvas.org/szarvas.html" \o "Ronald S. Lauder Foundation/AJJDC International Jewish Summer Camp" \t "_blank" HYPERLINK "http://www.szarvas.org/szarvas.html" \o "Ronald S. Lauder Foundation/AJJDC International Jewish Summer Camp" \t "_blank" Ronald S. Lauder Foundation/AJJDC International Jewish Summer Camp Every summer, this camp in Szarvas, Hungary, welcomes over 2,000 Jewish campers from over 20 countries.

HYPERLINK "http://www.taubcenter.org.il/" \o "Taub Center for Social Policy Studies" \t "_blank" HYPERLINK "http://www.taubcenter.org.il/" \o "Taub Center for Social Policy Studies" \t

"_blank" Taub Center for Social Policy Studies The Taub Center is an independent, non-partisan research institute funded primarily by JDC. The Taub Center helps Israeli policy makers identify strategic social developments and formulate appropriate actions and policies to improve the well-being of Israel's population.

Other Special Organizations HYPERLINK "http://www.claimscon.org/" \o "Conference for Material Claims against Germany" \t "_blank" HYPERLINK "http://www.claimscon.org/" \o "Conference for Material Claims against Germany" \t "_blank" Conference for Material Claims against Germany The claims conference is JDC's major partner in providing welfare services for needy elderly Jewish victims of Nazi persecution in the former Soviet republics as well as in Eastern Europe.

HYPERLINK "http://www.interaction.org/" \o "InterAction" \t "_blank" HYPERLINK "http://www.interaction.org/" \o "InterAction" \t "_blank" InterAction InterAction is the largest alliance of U.S.-based international development and humanitarian nongovernmental organizations. JDC is one of more than 160 members operating in every developing country and working to overcome poverty, exclusion, and suffering by advancing social justice and basic dignity for all.

HYPERLINK "http://www.iataskforce.org/" \o "Inter-Agency Task Force on Israeli Arab Issues" \t "_blank" HYPERLINK "http://www.iataskforce.org/" \o "Inter-Agency Task Force on Israeli Arab Issues" \t "_blank" Inter-Agency Task Force on Israeli Arab Issues

The Inter-Agency Task Force on Israeli Arab Issues is a diverse, broad-based coalition composed of over 90 North American Jewish organizations, foundations, federations, and private philanthropists who are committed to the welfare of Israel and support the Jewish state's right to a secure and peaceful existence. Members of the task force are proud of the democratic, sovereign state of the Jewish people and support Israel's Declaration of Independence, including the article that promises social and political equality for all inhabitants Jews and Arabs alike. The task force, which educates North American Jewry on majority/minority relations in Israel, is led by an executive committee composed of the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, the Anti-Defamation League, the Andrea and Charles Bronfman Philanthropies, the Conference of Presidents of Major American Jewish Organizations, Brian Lurie, the New Israel Fund, and UJA-Federation of New York.

HYPERLINK "http://www.jewishservice.org/" \o "Jewish Coalition for Service" \t "_blank" HYPERLINK "http://www.jewishservice.org/" \o "Jewish Coalition for Service" \t "_blank" Jewish Coalition for Service The Jewish Coalition for Service is a network of Jewish service organizations that provides opportunities for Jewish youths and adults to engage in tikkun olamrepair of the world including JDC's Jewish Service Corps and JDC's Ralph I. Goldman Fellowship.

HYPERLINK "http://www.jfunders.org/" \o "Jewish Funders Network" \t "_blank" HYPERLINK "http://www.jfunders.org/" \o "Jewish Funders Network" \t "_blank" Jewish Funders Network The Jewish Funders Network brings together Jews, nationally and regionally, who seek to make philosophically and strategically sound funding decisions.

HYPERLINK "http://www.jewishhealthcareinternational.org/" \o "Jewish Healthcare International" HYPERLINK "http://www.jewishhealthcareinternational.org/" \o "Jewish Healthcare International" Jewish Healthcare International

Jewish Healthcare International is a not-for-profit, non-sectarian coalition of healthcare professionals dedicated to improving the quality of and access to medical services for at-risk communities.

HYPERLINK "http://www.jfna.org/" \o "United Jewish Communities" \t "_blank" HYPERLINK "http://www.jfna.org/" \o "United Jewish Communities" \t "_blank" The Jewish Federations of North America The Jewish Federations of North America represents 157 Jewish Federations & 400 independent Jewish communities. The Federation movement, collectively among the top 10 charities on the continent, protects and enhances the well-being of Jews worldwide through the values of tikkun olam (repairing the world), tzedakah (charity and social justice) and Torah (Jewish learning).

HYPERLINK "http://www.worldjewishrelief.org.uk/" \o "World Jewish Relief" \t "_blank" HYPERLINK "http://www.worldjewishrelief.org.uk/" \o "World Jewish Relief" \t "_blank" World Jewish Relief World Jewish Relief is a British humanitarian aid charity. It is dedicated to saving the lives of Jewish individuals and the life of Jewish communities, wherever the needs are greatest.

HYPERLINK "http://www.swissbankclaims.com/" \o "Swiss Banks Settlement" \t "_blank" HYPERLINK "http://www.swissbankclaims.com/" \o "Swiss Banks Settlement" \t "_blank" Swiss Banks Settlement The Swiss Banks Settlement is a $1.25-billion settlement of lawsuits brought by Holocaust survivors in U.S. courts against certain Swiss banks and other Swiss entities. The settlement agreement was signed on January 26, 1999, and it has been implemented under the auspices of Judge Edward R. Korman of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York. The settlement agreement created five classes of claimants eligible under the settlement Jews, Roma, Jehovah's Witnesses, homosexuals, and disabled personsand five categories of claims: Deposited Assets Class, Slave Labor Class I, Refugee Class, Slave Labor Class II,

and Looted Assets Class.

HYPERLINK "http://www.encuentro-jdcla.org/ingles/home.asp" \o "11th Meeting of Leaders from Latin American and Caribbean Institutions and Communities" \t "_blank" HYPERLINK "http://www.encuentro-jdcla.org/ingles/home.asp" \o "11th Meeting of Leaders from Latin American and Caribbean Institutions and Communities" \t "_blank" 11th Meeting of Leaders from Latin American and Caribbean Institutions and Communities The 11th Meeting of Leaders from Latin American and Caribbean Institutions and Communities joins volunteer and professional leaders from Latin America, the Caribbean, the United States, and Israel. The meeting will be held from Wednesday, May 6, to Sunday, May 10, 2009, at the Hotel Hilton Cartagena in Cartagena de Indias, Colombia. This unique event allows participants to think about and seek concrete answers to dilemmas and challenges faced by the Jewish people in terms of the complex realities of today's world. The Organizing Committee is made up of members of Montefiori Israeli Association of Bogot, the Israeli Philanthropic Center of Barranquilla, the Israeli Center of Bogot, and the Hebrew Sephardic Community of Bogot. These institutions will organize the activity jointly with JDC.

Note: This list does not represent an endorsement of these Web sites or their content. From time to time, a URL address may change. We try to keep abreast of such changes. However, if you find that you are unable to access a site via a current hyperlink, please let us know by emailing us at HYPERLINK "mailto:info@jdc.org" info@jdc.org. Thank you!

Global Programs INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.jdc.org/images/wm_default.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/jdc-worldwide-programs/global-programs.aspx? s=header" \l "ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder2_TreeView1_SkipLink#ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder2_TreeView1_ SkipLink" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.jdc.org/WebResource.axd?d=mjvak0cc_rQgyuaFAQA-g2&t=633990106904687500" \* MERGEFORMATINET

HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/jdc-worldwide-programs/africa.aspx" Africa

HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/jdc-worldwide-programs/africa-asia/ethiopia.aspx" Ethiopia

HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/jdc-worldwide-programs/africa-asia/morocco.aspx" Morocco

HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/jdc-worldwide-programs/africa-asia/tunisia.aspx" Tunisia

HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/jdc-worldwide-programs/asia.aspx" Asia

HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/jdc-worldwide-programs/africa-asia/china-myanmar.aspx" China & Myanmar

HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/jdc-worldwide-programs/africa-asia/india.aspx"

India

HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/jdc-worldwide-programs/africa-asia/turkey.aspx" Turkey

HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/jdc-worldwide-programs/latin-america.aspx" Latin America

HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/jdc-worldwide-programs/latin-america/argentina.aspx"

Argentina

HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/jdc-worldwide-programs/latin-america/bolivia.aspx" Bolivia

HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/jdc-worldwide-programs/latin-america/brazil.aspx" Brazil

HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/jdc-worldwide-programs/latin-america/chile.aspx" Chile

HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/jdc-worldwide-programs/latin-america/cuba.aspx" Cuba

HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/jdc-worldwide-programs/latin-america/mexico.aspx" Mexico

HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/jdc-worldwide-programs/latin-america/uruguay.aspx" Uruguay

HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/jdc-worldwide-programs/latin-america/venezuela.aspx" Venezuela

HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/jdc-worldwide-programs/global-programs.aspx? s=header" \l "ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder2_TreeView3_SkipLink#ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder2_TreeView3_ SkipLink" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.jdc.org/WebResource.axd?d=mjvak0cc_rQgyuaFAQA-g2&t=633990106904687500" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/jdc-worldwide-programs/europe.aspx" Europe

HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/jdc-worldwide-programs/europe/albania.aspx"

Albania

HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/jdc-worldwide-programs/europe/bosnia-herzegovina.aspx" Bosnia and Herzegovina

HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/jdc-worldwide-programs/europe/bulgaria.aspx" Bulgaria

HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/jdc-worldwide-programs/europe/croatia.aspx"

Croatia

HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/jdc-worldwide-programs/europe/czech-republic.aspx" Czech Republic

HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/jdc-worldwide-programs/europe/estonia.aspx"

Estonia

HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/jdc-worldwide-programs/europe/germany.aspx" Germany

HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/jdc-worldwide-programs/europe/hungary.aspx" Hungary

HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/jdc-worldwide-programs/europe/latvia.aspx"

Latvia

HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/jdc-worldwide-programs/europe/lithuania.aspx" Lithuania

HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/jdc-worldwide-programs/europe/macedonia.aspx" Macedonia

HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/jdc-worldwide-programs/europe/poland.aspx"

Poland

HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/jdc-worldwide-programs/europe/romania.aspx" Romania

HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/jdc-worldwide-programs/europe/serbia.aspx"

Serbia

HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/jdc-worldwide-programs/europe/slovakia.aspx" Slovakia

HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/jdc-worldwide-programs/europe/slovenia.aspx" Slovenia

HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/jdc-worldwide-programs/global-programs.aspx? s=header" \l "ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder2_TreeView2_SkipLink#ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder2_TreeView2_ SkipLink" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.jdc.org/WebResource.axd?d=mjvak0cc_rQgyuaFAQA-g2&t=633990106904687500" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/jdc-worldwide-programs/israel.aspx" Israel

HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/jdc-worldwide-programs/former-soviet-union.aspx" Former Soviet Union

HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/jdc-worldwide-programs/former-sovietunion/armenia.aspx" Armenia

HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/jdc-worldwide-programs/former-sovietunion/azerbaijan.aspx" Azerbaijan

HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/jdc-worldwide-programs/former-sovietunion/belarus.aspx" Belarus

HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/jdc-worldwide-programs/former-sovietunion/georgia.aspx" Georgia

HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/jdc-worldwide-programs/former-sovietunion/kazakhstan.aspx" Kazakhstan

HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/jdc-worldwide-programs/former-sovietunion/kyrgyzstan.aspx" Kyrgyzstan

HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/jdc-worldwide-programs/former-sovietunion/moldova.aspx" Moldova

HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/jdc-worldwide-programs/former-soviet-union/russia.aspx" Russia

HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/jdc-worldwide-programs/former-sovietunion/tajikistan.aspx" Tajikistan

HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/jdc-worldwide-programs/former-sovietunion/turkmenistan.aspx" Turkmenistan

HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/jdc-worldwide-programs/former-sovietunion/ukraine.aspx" Ukraine

HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/jdc-worldwide-programs/former-sovietunion/uzbekistan.aspx" Uzbekistan

There is a single Jewish World: intertwined, interconnected. - Ralph I. Goldman

The JDC International Development Program (JDC-IDP) Approach to Non-Sectarian Projects JDCs non-sectarian projects, known as the JDCInternational Development Program (JDCIDP), embody the Jewish moral principle of tikkun olam, the responsibility to help repair the world. Working in partnership with international aid agencies, with local governmental and nongovernmental organizations, and with local Jewish communities, JDC-IDPs development and relief projects assist distressed communities around the world within a Jewish framework. Since its inception in 1986, JDC-IDP has worked in more than 60 countries, offering humanitarian, non-sectarian aid to those who have suffered from natural and man-made disasters such as earthquakes, famine, extreme poverty, political instability, and war. JDCs non-sectarian disaster relief efforts demonstrate the caring and concern of American and world Jewry for those in desperate need following natural or man-made crises overseas. JDC mobilizes immediately to provide support during the emergency phase and also reserves some funds to assist in the long-term recovery process, with a focus on producing sustainable benefits for individuals, communities, and whole societies affected by a crisis. Each project fulfills one or more of the following goals: To provide relief from natural or man-made disasters, demonstrating the long tradition of Jewish humanitarian assistance to Jews and non-Jews To introduce long-term development programs in countries where urgent needs exist To support peaceful coexistence through projects in the areas of health and rehabilitation To strengthen the presence of Jewish communities abroad To utilize JDC assistance where its expertise may enhance efforts

While JDC-IDP works primarily in communities with existing Jewish programming, in some countries JDC's non-sectarian efforts represent the sole involvement with local populations.

JDC-International Development Program (IDP) Current Projects

HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/WorkArea/linkit.aspx? LinkIdentifier=id&ItemID=40" \o "<u>Argentina</u>" Argentina Reaching Vulnerable Children HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/WorkArea/linkit.aspx?LinkIdentifier=id&ItemID=728" \o "Asia Tsunami" Asia Tsunami Post-Tsunami Relief and Development in India, Thailand, Sri Lanka, and Indonesia HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/jdc-worldwide-programs/former-sovietunion/azerbaijan.aspx?ItemID=52" \o "Azerbaijan" Azerbaijan First Aid Project HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/WorkArea/linkit.aspx? LinkIdentifier=id&ItemID=726" \o "Bangladesh" Bangladesh Cyclone Sidr Relief HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/WorkArea/linkit.aspx? LinkIdentifier=id&ItemID=58" \o "Belarus" Belarus Hospice Center for the Elderly HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/jdc-worldwide-programs/europe/bosniaherzegovina.aspx?ItemID=70" \o "Bosnia and Herzegovina " Bosnia and Herzegovina Womens Health Empowerment Program The J-Fund HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/WorkArea/linkit.aspx?LinkIdentifier=id&ItemID=94" \o "China" China Earthquake Response HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/WorkArea/linkit.aspx?LinkIdentifier=id&ItemID=100" \o "Croatia" Croatia The J-Fund Assisting Children at Risk

HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/WorkArea/linkit.aspx?LinkIdentifier=id&ItemID=106" \o "Cuba" Cuba Distributing Medicine to Assist with Community Needs HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/jdc-worldwide-programs/africa-asia/ethiopia.aspx?id=124" \o "Ethiopia" Ethiopia Potable Water Program Mother Teresa Care Center: Medical Care for Sick and Destitute Ethiopians Treatment of Patients with Hodgkins Disease Building and Rebuilding Schools in Gondar Academic and Medical Cooperation: University of GondarBen Gurion University Medical Exchange Program University Scholarships: Project for the Future HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/WorkArea/linkit.aspx? LinkIdentifier=id&ItemID=130" \o "Georgia " Georgia Vocational Training for Internally Displaced Persons and the Economically Vulnerable in Tbilisi Women's Health Empowerment Program HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/WorkArea/linkit.aspx? LinkIdentifier=id&ItemID=730" \o "Ghana " Ghana Mother and Baby Care in Kumasi HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/jdc-worldwide-programs/non-sectarian-efforts/helpingrebuild-haiti.aspx?id=4327" \o "Haiti" Haiti Helping Rebuild Haiti HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/WorkArea/linkit.aspx? LinkIdentifier=id&ItemID=136" \o "Hungary" Hungary Womens Health Empowerment Program HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/jdc-worldwide-programs/non-sectarian-efforts/JDC-aidsIsrael-fire-evacuees.aspx" \o "Israel" Israel JDC Aids Israel Fire Evacuees HYPERLINK "http://jdc.org/jdc-worldwide-programs/non-sectarian-efforts/JDC-Japanemergency-relief.aspx" \o "Japan" Japan JDC AJapan Emergency Relief HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/WorkArea/linkit.aspx? LinkIdentifier=id&ItemID=148" \o "Kazakhstan" Kazakhstan Psychosocial Capacity Building for Chronic Illness (HIV) HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/WorkArea/linkit.aspx?LinkIdentifier=id&ItemID=736" \o "Kenya" Kenya

Municipal Strategic Planning Units HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/WorkArea/linkit.aspx? LinkIdentifier=id&ItemID=172" \o "Macedonia " Macedonia Vocational Training Programs for Roma HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/WorkArea/linkit.aspx? LinkIdentifier=id&ItemID=738" \o "Middle East" Middle East Gamla Volunteer Program CHERISH: Child Rehabilitation Initiative for Safety and Hope ECHOS: Empowering Communities in Home Safety Pediatric Rehabilitation Forum HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/WorkArea/linkit.aspx? LinkIdentifier=id&ItemID=184" \o "Moldova" Moldova House of Hope and Future: Medical, Social, Psychological, and Humanitarian Support for Elderly People in Soroca HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/jdc-worldwide-programs/non-sectarian.aspx?id=4255" \o "Montenegro" Montenegro Women's Health Empowerment Program HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/WorkArea/linkit.aspx?LinkIdentifier=id&ItemID=190" \o "Morocco" Morocco Medical Equipment and Assistive Devices Project HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/WorkArea/linkit.aspx?LinkIdentifier=id&ItemID=94" \o "Myanmar" Myanmar Cyclone Nargis Response HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/WorkArea/linkit.aspx?LinkIdentifier=id&ItemID=734" \o "Pakistan and Kashmir" Pakistan and Kashmir July-August 2010 Floods Earthquake Relief Pakistani Kashmir: Village in the Sky Indian Kashmir: Disaster Preparedness and Risk Reduction for Kashmir EarthquakeAffected Victims HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/WorkArea/linkit.aspx?LinkIdentifier=id&ItemID=740" \o "Peru" Peru Earthquake Response HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/WorkArea/linkit.aspx?LinkIdentifier=id&ItemID=214" \o "Russia" Russia Womens Health Empowerment Program (WHEP) Providing Social Help for Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons

Assisting Children Coping with Serious Medical Needs HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/WorkArea/linkit.aspx?LinkIdentifier=id&ItemID=742" \o "Rwanda" Rwanda Agahozo-Shalom Youth Village College Scholarships HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/WorkArea/linkit.aspx? LinkIdentifier=id&ItemID=220" \o "Serbia " Serbia Small-Business Program Assistance to Individuals with Special Needs Feeding the Poor: Novi Sad, Serbia Creating Jobs for Handicapped and Socially Marginal Populations: The J-Fund Network HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/WorkArea/linkit.aspx?LinkIdentifier=id&ItemID=748" \o "South Africa" South Africa The Future of Our Nation HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/WorkArea/linkit.aspx?LinkIdentifier=id&ItemID=244" \o "Tunisia" Tunisia UTAIM Day Center for the Mentally Handicapped HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/WorkArea/linkit.aspx?LinkIdentifier=id&ItemID=250" \o "Turkey" Turkey Early Detection and Rehabilitation of Deaf and Hearing-Impaired Children HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/WorkArea/linkit.aspx?LinkIdentifier=id&ItemID=2723" \o "Uganda" Uganda Little Lights Childrens Center: Providing Free Education for Street Children in Kampala, Uganda Helping Hands Medical Fellowship: Israeli Health Professionals in Uganda HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/WorkArea/linkit.aspx?LinkIdentifier=id&ItemID=256" \o "Ukraine" Ukraine Transportation of Chair-Bound Individuals Early Intervention Center Talents Workshop: Art Education and Art Therapy for Orphans Living in Boarding Schools in Western Ukraine Mine Explosion in Donetsk HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/WorkArea/linkit.aspx?LinkIdentifier=id&ItemID=262" \o "Uruguay" Uruguay Social Assistance HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/WorkArea/linkit.aspx?LinkIdentifier=id&ItemID=268" \o "Venezuela" Venezuela

Interfaith Initiative to Assist Destitute Children and Families JDC does not use its regular program funds to implement its non-sectarian efforts. A small contribution of seed money from JDC leverages funds from sources such as the U.S. government and foreign governments, international agencies, foundations, and individual donors.

Media Center Welcome to the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee's (JDC) Media Center Learn more about JDC's work in over 70 countries worldwide Media Resources Download JDCs HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/templates/media-center-template.aspx? id=4919" \o "press releases" press releases, HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/jdc-mediacenter/press/media-kit.aspx" \o "media kit, " media kit, HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/jdc-media-center/publications.aspx" \o "publications," publications, and read recent JDC media coverage HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/templates/media-centertemplate.aspx?id=5275&linkidentifier=id&itemid=5275" \o " In the News " In the News. HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/jdc-media-center/speakers-bureau.aspx" \o "Subject Experts" Subject Experts JDC offers access to subject experts on a variety of topics including disaster relief, welfare, social issues affecting Israel, trends in philanthropic giving, and more. HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/contact-us.aspx" \o "Contact us" Contact us if you are seeking information for a story or would like to schedule an interview. HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/jdc-media-center/photo-video.aspx" \o "Photo and Video Gallery" Photo and Video Gallery JDC can provide historic and current photographs of JDC programs worldwide. HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/jdc-media-center/press/pr-contact.aspx" \o "Press Contact" Press Contact For inquiries or to set up an interview contact JDC Press Officer at 212-885-0838 or email HYPERLINK "mailto:press@jdc.org" press@jdc.org.

Subject Experts JDCs professional staff includes subject experts in a wide range of topics including Jewish renewal, property restitution, disaster relief and long-term development, welfare, employment,

children at risk, disabled, immigrants, the elderly and women as well as communities in HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/jdc-worldwide-programs/global-programs.aspx" \o "Africa" Africa, HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/jdc-worldwide-programs/global-programs.aspx" \o "Europe," Europe, HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/jdc-worldwide-programs/globalprograms.aspx" \o "Israel" Israel, HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/jdc-worldwideprograms/global-programs.aspx" \o "Latin America" Latin America, the HYPERLINK "http://www.jdc.org/jdc-worldwide-programs/global-programs.aspx" \o "former Soviet Union" former Soviet Union, and more. Steven Schwager, Chief Executive Officer, JDC Since 2002, Steve Schwager has served as the Executive Vice President and CEO of the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (JDC). Mr. Schwager joined JDC in 1989 as its Chief Operating Officer and was responsible for monitoring all operations of the organizationfrom the former Soviet Union to Ethiopia. He has traveled extensively throughout the world, working in such diverse locations as Australia, Ethiopia, Morocco, Hungary, Bulgaria, Russia, and Ukraine. From 1999-2000, Mr. Schwager relocated to Israel to directly supervise JDCs operations in Israel and the former Soviet Union, where JDC spends two-thirds of its annual budget promoting essential services and community development activities. Since its inception in 1914, JDC has helped millions of Jews around the world. Under Mr. Schwagers guidance, JDC currently works in over 70 countries and is focusing significant efforts on developing programs and initiatives that contend with Israels increasing poverty and the needs of its vulnerable populations, caring for hundreds of thousands of impoverished Jews in the former Soviet Union and Central and Eastern Europeparticularly the elderly and children, and ensuring a self-sufficient Jewish future in communities worldwide. To arrange an interview with Mr. Schwager, contact HYPERLINK "mailto:press@jdc.org" press@jdc.org. INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.ipccJerusalem Joint Think jerusalem.org/images/body Tank titright.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.ipcc-jerusalem.org/images/icon-small.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Jerusalem Joint Think Tank

Even though finding a solution to the Jerusalem issue pertains to the political realm of the peace process and will have in the end to be decided upon by decision makers, IPCC believes that research should be conducted by stakeholders within the civil society in order to find a solution that will indeed settle the Jerusalem issue as conveniently as possible for all parties. This is why IPCC and JIIS (the Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies) developed, with the kind support of the Olof Palme International center, a joint cooperation as early as 1997 to discuss the challenges facing Jerusalem and the solutions to be found to enhance quality of life in the city and facilitate peacemaking. In 1997, the joint initiative by the IPCC and the JIIS was the only joint forum with Palestinians and Israelis that was conducted over three years and cemented a long lasting cooperation between the institutions. This experience did not intend to introduce or launch a political negotiation framework but rather to contribute to developing a mutual understanding that supports planning for the future in the city shared by both Palestinians and Israelis. As a matter of fact, this project had various goals that designated specific guidelines to follow for the participants of this joint experience. The academics and professionals were to identify the mutual interests and areas of cooperation between Palestinian and Israelis in Jerusalem as well as draw strategic guidelines for specific issues in parallel to topics discussed within the groups. Also, they were supposed to suggest and prioritize pragmatic action oriented towards the implementation of joint projects during or prior to final status negotiations of the peace process. On the long term, this project was to promote peace, demonstrate the possibility for cooperation between Palestinians and Israelis as well as contribute to the amelioration of the quality of life in the Jerusalem area. In 1998, participants presented their findings at the Annual Conference of Bommersvik (Sweden) under the title "Current and Future Urban Problems of the Jerusalem Area". Eighteen papers that had been previously written by joint teams of Palestinians and Israelis were discussed during this conference and covered topics such as the economy of Jerusalem, the tourism in the city, the conservation of the architectural heritage, the action of Palestinian and Israeli civil societies as well as the social infrastructures and transportation in Jerusalem. In 1999 and 2000 however, the Palestinian and Israeli academics and professionals came to participate in a conference that had a lasting effect on the cooperation of all participants. It was titled "Jerusalem Area: Facing the Future and Creating a Vision". Indeed, the debate in 1999 witnessed a turning point from discussing the consequences of the conflict and its implications on Jerusalem's realities to actively analyzing its causes and trying to find practical solutions of

mutual interest. As a result, the team could address very sensitive issues such as geopolitical borders of the city and exploring alternative frameworks for the urban future in Jerusalem. The overall goal at this point became to create a vision for the next 15 to 20 years regarding Jerusalem. The Bommersvik conferences contributed to the whole cooperation between Palestinians and Israelis and had an undeniable impact on the parties. The academic process by which a forum for joint policy and applied research on the Jerusalem region for urban issues was established and helped the creation a cohesive group of Israeli and Palestinian academics who work together. Naturally, the exposure to the Swedish experience contributed a lot to the repertoire of options for city management and civil societys involvement. Understanding the dynamics of Jerusalem and how to make it a world city of peace required that Palestinians and Israelis come together in a spirit of difference-bridging as well as openness. Thus, the academics were able to develop skills to deal with the complex issues of life in the Jerusalem area as well as a method to work synergistically in spite of obvious tensions between parties. Efforts of both institutions in dealing with the issue of Jerusalem through conducting in-depth exploration of its realities, and awareness of its survival dynamics has qualified IPCC and JIIS to provide well thought insights on the future of the city. IPCC and JIIS, as equally footed partners, have managed to gradually initiate a cumulative positive process that stresses the possibility of transforming strictly political demands into mutually accepted realities that have to be dealt with through confidence building and connecting mutual interests

People At IPCC

INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.ipccjerusalem.org/images/body titright.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET

INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.ipcc-jerusalem.org/staff.1.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET Dr. Rami Nasrallah - Founder and Head of IPCC Dr. Nasrallah founded the IPCC in 1998 and is the executive head of the organization. He is in charge of overall management of IPCC and program implementation. He plays the leadership role in developing IPCCs future work

plans. Dr. Nasrallah received his doctorate in Urban Planning from the TU-Delft University in the Netherlands. Since 2003 he has been a Research Associate in the "Conflict in Cities" project ( HYPERLINK "http://www.conflictincities.org" www.conflictincities.org ) at Cambridge University. HYPERLINK "mailto:rnasrallah@ipcc-jerusalem.org" rnasrallah@ipccjerusalem.org INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.ipcc-jerusalem.org/staff.2.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET Prof. Rassem Khamaisi - Head of IPCC Planning Team and Academic Committee Prof. Khamaisi is a senior urban and regional planner leading IPCCs multidisciplinary planning team involved in planning areas in East Jerusalem and Area C in the West Bank. Prof. Khamaisi sets the annual programme and priorities of the urban research conducted by IPCC on the Israeli- Palestinian conflict in general and the Jerusalem issue in particular. He received his doctorate from the Department of Geography at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem. In addition to his role at IPCC he is also Associate Professor in Urban Planning and Geography at the Department of Geography and Environmental Studies at the Haifa University. HYPERLINK "mailto:rassem@ipcc-jerusalem.org" rassem@ipcc-jerusalem.org INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.ipcc-jerusalem.org/staff.3.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET Dr. Omar M. Yousef Head of IPCC Alternative Planning Department Dr. Yousef is a physical planner responsible for the field work of the junior planning team. He also provides guidance to international students participating in IPCCs planning programme on Jerusalem and contested cities. As a Fulbright fellow he earned his doctorate in Planning, Policy and Design from the School of Social Ecology, University of California, Irvine. In addition to his role at IPCC he is also a professor at Al Quds University and Academic Coordinator of the MA program on Jerusalem Studies. HYPERLINK "mailto:oyousef@ipcc-jerusalem.org" oyousef@ipcc-jerusalem.org INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.ipcc-jerusalem.org/staff.4.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET Dr. Robert D. Brooks - Senior Consultant for Publications and Research Dr. Brooks is a researcher and chief editor of IPCCs strategic studies series on Jerusalem. His work has focused on the economic impact of the Israeli occupation

and the effect of the Wall on life in Jerusalem. Dr. Brooks received his Ph. D. in the field of communication at Cornell University, New York. He has taught at several universities, including the University of Illinois, the University of Wisconsin, Northwestern University, and the Universitaet Koeln (Germany). HYPERLINK "mailto:robert@ipcc-jerusalem.org" robert@ipcc-jerusalem.org INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.ipcc-jerusalem.org/staff.5.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET Mr. Amer Hidmi Chief Executive Officer Mr. Hidmi is responsible for the overall management of IPCCs Jerusalem and Ramallah offices. He received his Masters degree from Al-yarmouk University in Jordan. HYPERLINK "mailto:amerh@ipcc-jerusalem.org" amerh@ipcc-jerusalem.org INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.ipcc-jerusalem.org/staff.6.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET Ms. Nahed Natsheh - Coordinator for Publication Production and Program Development in the Civil Society Department Ms. Natsheh assists the Head and CEO in developing activities and programmes for the Civil Society Department. She received her Bachelors degree from Al Quds University in Finance and Business Administration. HYPERLINK "mailto:nahedn@ipcc-jerusalem.org" nahedn@ipcc-jerusalem.org INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.ipcc-jerusalem.org/staff.7.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET Mr. Sharar Barghouti Coordinator for Youth Programs in the Civil Society Department Mr. Barghouti coordinates IPCCs civil society projects. His responsibilities include designing work plans; training teams for field work; coordinating activities to meet deadlines; and conducting evaluations and follow-up activities in the field. Mr. Barghouti received his Bachelors degree in Sociology from the Birzeit University. HYPERLINK "mailto:sbarghuthi@ipcc-jerusalem.org" sbarghuthi@ipccjerusalem.org INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.ipcc-jerusalem.org/staff.8.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET Ms. Ingrid N. - Fundraising Coordinator/ Public Relations Officer Ms. N. is responsible for developing grants projects relevant to new fundraising

opportunities. In addition, she manages public and media relations and distribution of information regarding IPCC's projects. Ms. N. received her Master of Political Sciences degree from the University of Uppsala in Sweden. HYPERLINK "mailto:ingrid@ipcc-jerusalem.org" ingrid@ipcc-jerusalem.org INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.ipcc-jerusalem.org/staff.9.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET Ms. Nour Lidawieh Assistant Public Relations Officer Ms. Lidawieh is in charge of local media and IPCCs homepage. She is currently an undergraduate of Civil Engineering in Birzeit University. HYPERLINK "mailto:nour@ipcc-jerusalem.org" nour@ipcc-jerusalem.org INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.ipcc-jerusalem.org/staff.10.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET Mr. Jihad Ashhab Financial Manager Mr. Ashhab oversees IPCCs finance and accounting area. He received his Bachelors degree in Accounting from Al-Najah University. HYPERLINK "mailto:jihad@ipcc-jerusalem.org" jihad@ipcc-jerusalem.org INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.ipcc-jerusalem.org/staff.11.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET Ms. Fathiyeh Hotari - Administrative Assistantand Publications Production Assistant for the Jerusalem Office Ms. Hotari is administrative assistant to the Head of IPCC and to the CEO. In addition to managing daily bookkeeping matters, she coordinates IPCCs publication processes. She has a diploma in secretarial and office studies. HYPERLINK "mailto:hfathiyeh@ipcc-jerusalem.org" hfathiyeh@ipccjerusalem.org INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.ipccjerusalem.org/staff.12.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET Ms. Shahd Waari - Senior Project Coordinator in the Alternative Planning Department Ms. Waari coordinates activities within the framework of IPCCs planning projects. In addition she contributes to IPCCs urban research. She received her degree in Architectural Engineering from Birzeit University and is a doctoral candidate at the University of Berlin. HYPERLINK "mailto:shahdw@ipcc-jerusalem.org" shahdw@ipcc-jerusalem.org INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.ipcc-jerusalem.org/staff.13.jpg" \*

MERGEFORMATINET Ms. Elena C. Senior Planning and Zoning Coordinator at the Alternative Planning Department Ms. C. performs overall coordination of IPCCs planning projects in East Jerusalem and Area C. She received her Bachelors degree in Architecture from Cambridge University. HYPERLINK "mailto:elena@ipcc-jerusalem.org" elena@ipcc-jerusalem.org INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.ipcc-jerusalem.org/staff.14.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET Ms. Rawan Naser Eddin Project Coordinator in the Alternative Planning Department Ms. Naser Eddin performs overall coordination of planning in East Jerusalem areas. She received her Bachelors degree in the field of Civil Engineering from Birzeit University. HYPERLINK "mailto:rawan@ipcc-jerusalem.org" rawan@ipcc-jerusalem.org INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.ipcc-jerusalem.org/staff.15.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET Mr. Basel Quttaineh Project Coordinator at the Alternative Planning Department Mr. Quttaineh coordinates planning of Area C in the West Bank. He received his Bachelors degree in Civil Engineering from Birzeit University. HYPERLINK "mailto:basel@ipcc-jerusalem.org" basel@ipcc-jerusalem.org

INCLUDEPICTUR E "http://www.ipccjerusalem.org/image s/bodytitleft.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATI NET

Funders & Partners

INCLUDEPICTUR E "http://www.ipccjerusalem.org/image s/bodytitright.jpg" \ * MERGEFORMATI NET

INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.ipcc-jerusalem.org/images/icon-small.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://ec.europa.eu/index_en.htm" \t "_blank" The European Commission

INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.ipcc-jerusalem.org/images/icon-small.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://www.fes.de/intro_en.html" \t "_blank" The Friedrich Ebert Stiftung INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.ipcc-jerusalem.org/images/icon-small.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/" \t "_blank" Middle East Partnership Initiative INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.ipcc-jerusalem.org/images/icon-small.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://www.fordfound.org/" \t "_blank" The Ford Foundation INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.ipcc-jerusalem.org/images/icon-small.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://www.britishhighcommission.gov.uk/servlet/Front? pagename=OpenMarket/Xcelerate/ShowPage&c=Page&cid=1064571755090" \t "_blank" British Consulate General INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.ipcc-jerusalem.org/images/icon-small.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://www.boschstiftung.de/content/language1/html/index.asp" \t "_blank" Robert Bosch Stiftung INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.ipcc-jerusalem.org/images/icon-small.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.phpURL_ID=29008&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html" \t "_blank" UNESCO

The European Commission The members of the Barroso Commission (2010-2014) HYPERLINK "http://ec.europa.eu/commission_2010-2014/index_en.htm" \l "link1#link1" Transparency | HYPERLINK "http://ec.europa.eu/commission_2010-2014/index_en.htm" \l "link2#link2" Procedures | HYPERLINK "http://ec.europa.eu/commission_2010-2014/index_en.htm" \l

"link3#link3" Additional information | HYPERLINK "http://ec.europa.eu/commission_2010-2014/index_en.htm" \l "link4#link4" History | HYPERLINK "http://ec.europa.eu/commission_2010-2014/pdf/com-08-009_commissionposter_en.pdf" Print version HYPERLINK "http://ec.europa.eu/commission_2010-2014/president/index_en.htm" \o "Jos Manuel Barroso" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://ec.europa.eu/commission_20102014/images/barroso.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET Jos Manuel Barroso President HYPERLINK "http://ec.europa.eu/commission_2010-2014/ashton/index_en.htm" \o "Catherine Ashton" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://ec.europa.eu/commission_20102014/images/ashton.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET Catherine Ashton Vice-President High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy HYPERLINK "http://ec.europa.eu/commission_2010-2014/reding/index_en.htm" \o "Viviane Reding" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://ec.europa.eu/commission_2010-2014/images/reding.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET Viviane Reding Vice-President Justice, Fundamental Rights and Citizenship HYPERLINK "http://ec.europa.eu/commission_2010-2014/almunia/index_en.htm" \o "Joaqun Almunia" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://ec.europa.eu/commission_20102014/images/almunia.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET Joaqun Almunia Vice-President Competition HYPERLINK "http://ec.europa.eu/commission_2010-2014/kallas/index_en.htm" \o "Siim Kallas" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://ec.europa.eu/commission_2010-

2014/images/kallas.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET Siim Kallas Vice-President Transport HYPERLINK "http://ec.europa.eu/commission_2010-2014/kroes/index_en.htm" \o "Neelie Kroes" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://ec.europa.eu/commission_20102014/images/kroes.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET Neelie Kroes Vice-President Digital Agenda HYPERLINK "http://ec.europa.eu/commission_2010-2014/tajani/index_en.htm" \o "Antonio Tajani" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://ec.europa.eu/commission_20102014/images/tajani.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET Antonio Tajani Vice-President Industry and Entrepreneurship HYPERLINK "http://ec.europa.eu/commission_2010-2014/sefcovic/index_en.htm" \o "Maro efovi" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://ec.europa.eu/commission_20102014/images/sefcovic.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET Maro efovi Vice-President Inter-Institutional Relations and Administration HYPERLINK "http://ec.europa.eu/commission_2010-2014/rehn/index_en.htm" \o "Olli Rehn" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://ec.europa.eu/commission_2010-2014/images/rehn.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET Olli Rehn Vice-President Economic and monetary affairs and the Euro

HYPERLINK "http://ec.europa.eu/commission_2010-2014/potocnik/index_en.htm" \o "Janez Potonik" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://ec.europa.eu/commission_20102014/images/potocnik.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET Janez Potonik Environment HYPERLINK "http://ec.europa.eu/commission_2010-2014/piebalgs/index_en.htm" \o "Andris Piebalgs" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://ec.europa.eu/commission_20102014/images/piebalgs.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET Andris Piebalgs Development HYPERLINK "http://ec.europa.eu/commission_2010-2014/barnier/index_en.htm" \o "Michel Barnier" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://ec.europa.eu/commission_20102014/images/barnier.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET Michel Barnier Internal Market and Services HYPERLINK "http://ec.europa.eu/commission_2010-2014/vassiliou/index_en.htm" \o "Androulla Vassiliou" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://ec.europa.eu/commission_20102014/images/vassiliou.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET Androulla Vassiliou Education, Culture, Multilingualism and Youth HYPERLINK "http://ec.europa.eu/commission_2010-2014/semeta/index_en.htm" \o "Algirdas emeta" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://ec.europa.eu/commission_20102014/images/semeta.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET Algirdas emeta Taxation and Customs Union, Audit and Anti-Fraud HYPERLINK "http://ec.europa.eu/commission_2010-2014/degucht/index_en.htm" \o "Karel De Gucht" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://ec.europa.eu/commission_2010-2014/images/degucht.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET Karel De Gucht

Trade HYPERLINK "http://ec.europa.eu/commission_2010-2014/dalli/index_en.htm" \o "John Dalli" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://ec.europa.eu/commission_2010-2014/images/dalli.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET John Dalli Health and Consumer Policy HYPERLINK "http://ec.europa.eu/commission_2010-2014/geoghegan-quinn/index_en.htm" \o "Mire Geoghegan-Quinn" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://ec.europa.eu/commission_20102014/images/quinn.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET Mire Geoghegan-Quinn Research, Innovation and Science HYPERLINK "http://ec.europa.eu/commission_2010-2014/lewandowski/index_en.htm" \o "Janusz Lewandowski" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://ec.europa.eu/commission_20102014/images/lewandowski.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET Janusz Lewandowski Financial Programming and Budget HYPERLINK "http://ec.europa.eu/commission_2010-2014/damanaki/index_en.htm" \o "Maria Damanaki" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://ec.europa.eu/commission_20102014/images/damanaki.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET Maria Damanaki Maritime affairs and fisheries HYPERLINK "http://ec.europa.eu/commission_2010-2014/georgieva/index_en.htm" \o "Kristalina Georgieva" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://ec.europa.eu/commission_20102014/images/georgieva.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET Kristalina Georgieva International Cooperation, Humanitarian Aid and Crisis Response HYPERLINK "http://ec.europa.eu/commission_2010-2014/oettinger/index_en.htm" \o "Gnther Oettinger" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://ec.europa.eu/commission_20102014/images/oettinger.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET Gnther

Oettinger Energy HYPERLINK "http://ec.europa.eu/commission_2010-2014/hahn/index_en.htm" \o "Johannes Hahn" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://ec.europa.eu/commission_2010-2014/images/hahn.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET Johannes Hahn Regional Policy HYPERLINK "http://ec.europa.eu/commission_2010-2014/hedegaard/index_en.htm" \o "Connie Hedegaard" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://ec.europa.eu/commission_20102014/images/hedegaard.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET Connie Hedegaard Climate Action HYPERLINK "http://ec.europa.eu/commission_2010-2014/fule/index_en.htm" \o "tefan Fle" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://ec.europa.eu/commission_2010-2014/images/fule.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET tefan Fle Enlargement and European Neighbourhood Policy HYPERLINK "http://ec.europa.eu/commission_2010-2014/andor/index_en.htm" \o "Lszl Andor" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://ec.europa.eu/commission_20102014/images/andor.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET Lszl Andor Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion HYPERLINK "http://ec.europa.eu/commission_2010-2014/malmstrom/index_en.htm" \o "Cecilia Malmstrm" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://ec.europa.eu/commission_20102014/images/malmstrom.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET Cecilia Malmstrm Home Affairs HYPERLINK "http://ec.europa.eu/commission_2010-2014/ciolos/index_en.htm" \o "Dacian Ciolo" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://ec.europa.eu/commission_20102014/images/ciolos.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET

Dacian Ciolo Agriculture and Rural Development

As guardian of the treaties and executive body of the EU with the power of initiative, the Commission is responsible for over 50 years of political decisions. It represents the tens of thousands of women and men who have worked together to make the European project a concrete reality. First and foremost it is the President of the Commission who has a unique and multi-faceted role. He must: be the driving force for development in the EU guarantee the Commission's independence from political and national interests embody common values, as well as European citizenship Since 1958, eleven political figures successively fulfilled this function. As important as the EU Heads of State and Government in the decision-making process, the President of the Commission historically remains a less known figure in the European media landscape. What better occasion than the EU's fiftieth anniversary to introduce you to these men who have worked or are still working to make Europe what it is today? INCLUDEPICTURE "http://ec.europa.eu/archives/commission_20042009/president/images/title_history_en.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET Discover the former Presidents HYPERLINK "http://ec.europa.eu/archives/commission_20042009/president/history/prodi/index_en.htm" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://ec.europa.eu/archives/commission_20042009/president/images/history/president_prodi.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET Romano Prodi (1999-2004) HYPERLINK "http://ec.europa.eu/archives/commission_20042009/president/history/santer/index_en.htm" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://ec.europa.eu/archives/commission_2004-

2009/president/images/history/president_santer.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET Jacques Santer (1995-1999) HYPERLINK "http://ec.europa.eu/archives/commission_20042009/president/history/delors/index_en.htm" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://ec.europa.eu/archives/commission_20042009/president/images/history/president_delors.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET Jacques Delors (1985-1995) HYPERLINK "http://ec.europa.eu/archives/commission_20042009/president/history/thorn/index_en.htm" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://ec.europa.eu/archives/commission_20042009/president/images/history/president_thorn.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET Gaston Thorn (1981-1985) HYPERLINK "http://ec.europa.eu/archives/commission_20042009/president/history/jenkins/index_en.htm" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://ec.europa.eu/archives/commission_20042009/president/images/history/president_jenkins.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET Roy Jenkins (1977-1981)

HYPERLINK "http://ec.europa.eu/archives/commission_20042009/president/history/ortoli/index_en.htm" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://ec.europa.eu/archives/commission_20042009/president/images/history/president_ortoli.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET Franois-Xavier Ortoli (1973-1977) HYPERLINK "http://ec.europa.eu/archives/commission_20042009/president/history/mansholt/index_en.htm" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://ec.europa.eu/archives/commission_2004-

2009/president/images/history/president_mansholt.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET Sicco Mansholt (1972-1973) HYPERLINK "http://ec.europa.eu/archives/commission_20042009/president/history/malfatti/index_en.htm" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://ec.europa.eu/archives/commission_20042009/president/images/history/president_malfatti.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET Franco Malfatti (1970-1972) HYPERLINK "http://ec.europa.eu/archives/commission_20042009/president/history/rey/index_en.htm" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://ec.europa.eu/archives/commission_20042009/president/images/history/president_rey.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET Jean Rey (1967-1970) HYPERLINK "http://ec.europa.eu/archives/commission_20042009/president/history/hallstein/index_en.htm" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://ec.europa.eu/archives/commission_20042009/president/images/history/president_hallstein.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET

The Middle East Peace Initiative - and the funding of Arab Spring HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh_31011a.html" \o "MEPI Alumna Eva Abu Halawaeh is named a 2011 International Women of Courage Awardee" \t "_blank" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://photos.state.gov/libraries/adana/5/misc/S_IWOC11a.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET MEPI Alumna Eva Abu Halawaeh is named a 2011 International Women of Courage Awardee

MEPI IT Partnership INCLUDEPICTURE "http://photos.state.gov/libraries/adana/5/misc/ITP.bmp" \* MERGEFORMATINET MEPI has launched its first ever Information Technology (IT) Partnership Program to link MEPI grantees with major IT corporations. Through this new partnership, local NGOs will be able to access the latest computer software, hardware, and related training to improve the effectiveness of their projects, build organizational capacity, and assist with cementing the long-term sustainability of their work. For more information, please contact us at HYPERLINK "mailto:mepi-it-partnerships@state.gov" mepi-itpartnerships@state.gov In Focus: The Arab Spring INCLUDEPICTURE "http://photos.state.gov/libraries/adana/5/misc/TS_AP.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET "Our message is simple: if you take the risks that reform entails, you will have the full support of the United States." President Obama, A Moment of Opportunity, May 19, 2011 The Middle East is in the midst of transformative change. This is a moment of enormous promise for people and societies long denied full freedom, dignity, and opportunity. What activists in the region have done in the past months is tremendously inspiring and entirely organic. Although here in Washington we tend to focus on our own responses to these events, the revolutions that began in Tunis and Cairo are not about us. They are by, for, and about the citizens who created them they are about legitimate rights, dreams, and demands for dignity, opportunity, and equality. With its presence and network of partners across the region, MEPI is uniquely positioned to respond rapidly to unfolding events and priorities in the region. Through our offices in Washington, DC, Tunis, and Abu Dhabi, we are creating new partnerships everyday to support the aspirations of the people of the Middle East and North Africa. MEPI Supports Election Monitoring in Morocco INCLUDEPICTURE "http://photos.state.gov/libraries/adana/5/misc/morocco_elect.jpg" \*

MERGEFORMATINET With funding from MEPI, the National Democratic Institute (NDI) recently carried out a comprehensive international observation of Moroccos November 25 legislative elections. Moving forward, NDI plans to provide stakeholders, including Moroccan government officials, civil society, political parties, and domestic election monitoring organizations, with feedback and recommendations on all aspects of the electoral process, especially those related to the new constitution and other recent reforms. The project is bolstering the credibility of Moroccos election process by offering impartial expert assessment of the pre-election environment, election day procedures, and the post-election period. NDI has released two statements on its observation findings so far: - HYPERLINK "http://www.ndi.org/files/Morocco-Preliminary-Statement-112611ENG.pdf" \t "_blank" Preliminary Election Statement of the NDI International Observation Delegation (PDF) - HYPERLINK "http://www.ndi.org/node/18335" \t "_blank" Though Transparent, Morocco's Parliamentary Elections Show Citizen Interest in Further and Deeper Reform More reports will be added to this list as they are released in the near future. Latest from MEPI INCLUDEPICTURE "http://photos.state.gov/libraries/adana/5/alumni/alumni90.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET MEPI Awards 11 Grants for Alumni Network MEPI is currently re-energizing its Alumni Network! Existing Local Chapters will be strengthened and new Local Chapters are being set up throughout the region. Please keep checking the HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mepi-alumni.html" Alumni section of the MEPI website for the latest updates, including contact information for each chapter and a new website for MEPI Alumni. INCLUDEPICTURE "http://photos.state.gov/libraries/adana/5/misc/MEPI90.jpg%20" \* MERGEFORMATINET New Awards to Advance the Rule of Law in the MENA Region MEPI is pleased to announce the signing of two new grant awards to advance the rule of law in the MENA region. HYPERLINK "http://www.equalaccess.org/" \t "_blank" Equal Access will launch the RIGHTS Initiative in Yemen, a project designed to create

national and interactive conversations that will empower youth to take ownership, exercise, and defend their rights. The HYPERLINK "http://www.americanbar.org/aba.html" \t "_blank" American Bar Association will work on Continuing Legal Education in the Gulf, which will provide resources and training to enhance the practical skills and knowledge of lawyers and judges in the region.

MEPI in Egypt INCLUDEPICTURE "http://photos.state.gov/libraries/tunis/296296/highlights/Egypt_page_ip_001.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET MEPI is providing critical support to Egyptians as they work to create a more open, democratic, and prosperous society during the countrys historic transition. MEPI works directly with Egyptian civil society groups and with U.S.-based organizations that partner with Egyptian groups. In the lead up to the Fall 2011 elections, MEPIs civil society partners worked with local communities in 22 of Egypts 29 governorates, focusing on the following five overarching objectives:

Transparency: MEPI grantees and partners are working to facilitate a an environment that promotes constructive dialogue, access to information, and government accountability. Promoting Awareness of the Election Process: Many Egyptians voted for the first time in the Fall of 2011. Civic organizations worked to address widespread misinformation and lack of knowledge about the voting process through information campaigns, especially targeting youth and women. Supporting Media Coverage of Elections: Journalists in Egypt are strengthening their ability to cover future elections objectively through training in how to use facts and analysis to convey information to the public.

Government Responsiveness and Integrity: Civil society activists are raising citizen awareness of the principles of good governance and public integrity, and working together to help make government institutions more responsive to the public.

Inclusion: Projects in this area help marginalized groups make their voices heard and participate more fully in public life.

 Women and Youth: Civil society organizations are mobilizing support for women to play a stronger role in the constitution-drafting process and helping youth communicate their priorities through engaging in dialogue with Egyptian officials through meetings, letters, and events. Tolerance: Through creative methods, from films to town-hall meetings, civic groups are promoting constructive dialogue that rejects violence and sectarian divisions. Community-Based Advocacy: Projects are working with farmers, fishermen, and other rural communities to identify and articulate to local authorities their priorities for local development and participation. to educate Egyptians about their rights and promote the equal treatment for all Egyptians, including women, youth, and minorities..

Rights: In January and February of 2011, the Egyptian people inspired the world by peacefully marching to demand a government that recognized and protected their human rights. As Egyptians work to build their new political system, MEPI is supporting communitybased efforts to educate Egyptians about their rights and promote equal treatment for all Egyptians, including women, youth, and minorities. Human Rights Are Everyones Rights: MEPI projects are using creative tools such as films, songs, poems, and cartoons to increase public understanding of human rights principles and to emphasize their application to all Egyptians, regardless of gender, faith, or other characteristics. Equality Under the Law: With MEPI support, civic activists are promoting equal legal status for women and religious minorities through media and legal advocacy.

Coalition Building: NGOs are taking advantage of a more open environment to network and improve their collective impact through joint strategies and activities. Mentoring: Established NGOs are partnering with newer organizations to provide tailored assistance in financial management, outreach, technology, and constituent mobilization. Sharing Knowledge: Networking projects are building partnerships among NGOs in different regions of Egypt to educate the public about political participation and the importance of fair and transparent elections.

Economic Opportunity: Reflecting the demands of the Egyptian people for wider economic opportunity, these projects aim to train youth to meet job market needs, increase access to

capital for small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and support advocacy for economic reforms to promote growth. Youth Employment: Through targeted training, job placement, and entrepreneurship training, MEPI helps young Egyptians create their own economic opportunities. SME Financing: MEPI is providing technical assistance to Egyptian banks and non-bank financial institutions to help them expand lending to these underserved groups. Advocacy for Economic Reform: Chambers of commerce and other business organizations across Egypt are learning how to advocate for economic reforms that will help SMEs. Egypt Project Highlights HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh122111c.html" \o "\Learn, Participate, Progress\ Advances the Role of Women in Egypt" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://photos.state.gov/libraries/tunis/296296/highlights/Dec11_c90.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh122111c.html" \o "\Learn, Participate, Progress\ Advances the Role of Women in Egypt" Learn, Participate, Progress Advances the Role of Women in Egypt If you ask Sally Aljbas, the Director of the Siza Nabrawy Center for Law and Women Rights, and other Egyptian womens rights champions like Dr. Azza Kamel and Esraa Abdel Fattah, representation of Egyptian woman in the political scene could be much higher. MEPI and the Siza Nabrawy Center for Law and Women Rights have partnered to address this critical issue. HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh122111c.html" Read more... HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh11411b.html" \o "Refugee Groups in Egypt Learn from Civil Society Experts" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://photos.state.gov/libraries/tunis/296296/highlights/ref_Egypt90.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh11411b.html" \o "Refugee Groups in Egypt Learn from Civil Society Experts" Refugee Groups in Egypt Learn from Civil Society Experts On September 27-29, the Egyptian Foundation for Refugee Rights hosted a three-day training workshop on "Lessons Learned from Civil Society Practices." 27 participants representing refugee community based organizations (CBO), refugee initiatives, and community leaders from Iraq, South Sudan, Somalia, Sudan, and the West Bank and Gaza participated in the workshop. The training included lectures and roundtable

discussions on international refugee law as well as best practices in advocacy, capacity building and legal aid strategies. HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh11411b.html" Read more... HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh11411d.html" \o "Young Entrepreneurs in Egypt Empowered to Start New Businesses" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://photos.state.gov/libraries/tunis/296296/highlights/INJAZ_Eg90.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh11411d.html" \o "Young Entrepreneurs in Egypt Empowered to Start New Businesses" Young Entrepreneurs in Egypt Empowered to Start New Businesses Five hundred students from 11 Egyptian universities convened to showcase their businesses and compete for seed funding in INJAZ's Young Entrepreneurs Competition in September 2011. Ten winning teams received a total of $50,000 in seed funding, elevating them from the entrepreneurship education phase to becoming startup businesses. HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh11411d.html" Read more... HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh092711c.html" \o "MEPI Partner Better Life Company for Development and Training Helps Egyptian Fishermen Thrive" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://photos.state.gov/libraries/tunis/296296/highlights/BLC90.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh092711c.html" \o "MEPI Partner Better Life Company for Development and Training Helps Egyptian Fishermen Thrive" MEPI Partner Better Life Company for Development and Training Helps Egyptian Fishermen Thrive As part of MEPIs goal of expanding economic opportunity for all Egyptians, local grantee the Better Life Company for Development and Training (BLDT) is helping about 1,600 Egyptian fishermen in 12 communities in the upper Nile region improve their livelihoods and secure their rights. HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh092711c.html" Read more... HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh_050311b.html" \o "News website developed by Egyptian NGO provides critical coverage of events" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://photos.state.gov/libraries/tunis/296296/highlights/5311c90.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh_050311b.html" \o "News website developed by Egyptian NGO provides critical coverage of events" News website

developed by Egyptian NGO provides critical coverage of events Horytna.net news, an information and entertainment website and web radio station, is providing vital news coverage of events in Egypt for Egyptian citizens. Created by the Andalus Institute with a grant from MEPI, Horytna.net news provided live coverage of the protests in Tahrir Square, and carried timely updates of events happening on the ground during the countrys historic revolution. HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh_050311b.html" Read moree... HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh_24_1_11b.html" \o "LIFT-OFF Initiative holds first two Entrepreneurship Days at schools in Egypt" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://photos.state.gov/libraries/tunis/296296/highlights/2_90.jpg%20" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh_24_1_11b.html" \o "LIFT-OFF Initiative holds first two Entrepreneurship Days at schools in Egypt" LIFT-OFF Initiative holds first two Entrepreneurship Days at schools in Egypt The new LIFT-OFF Initiative, implemented by the Institute of International Education (IIE) and funded by MEPI, was created in September 2010 to foster a culture of entrepreneurship among youth across North Africa. The official launch of LIFT-OFF took place during Global Entrepreneurship Week in Cairo, Egypt on November 5, 2010. The event, which brought together over 200 youth and key project stakeholders, featured a series of presentations by successful Egyptian entrepreneurs to teach and inspire the young audience. HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh_24_1_11b.html" Read more... PrintEmailFUNDING OPPORTUNITIES Proposals for Supporting Democratic Transition in Tunisia (APS) MEPI announces a competition (Annual Program Statement) for innovative proposals to support Tunisias democratic transition. Please visit the HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mepi/english-mepi/funding-opportunities/apply-for-a-grant/openfunding-opportunities.html" \t "_self" Open Funding Opportunities page for more details. This site is managed by the U.S. Department of State. External links to other Internet sites should not be construed as an endorsement of the views or privacy policies contained therein.

TUNISIA The Middle East Partnership Initiative (MEPI) - Supporting the Democratic Aspirations

of the Tunisian People INCLUDEPICTURE "http://photos.state.gov/libraries/adana/5/misc/tunisia.jpg%20" \* MERGEFORMATINET "As Tunisia's brave citizens chart a new democratic future, they continue to set an example for the region and the world. The United States remains committed to working with the government and people of Tunisia as they pursue a more peaceful, prosperous and democratic future." -Secretary Of State Hillary Clinton, October 24, 2011 MEPI continues to be a part of the US Governments robust efforts to support the Tunisian people during and after their transition to democracy. Since January 14, 2011, MEPI has been supporting more than 30 projects in Tunisia working directly with Tunisian society. MEPI currently supports programming to enhance civil society, expand freedom of expression and strengthen political participation, advance the rule of law, and widen economic opportunity. Enhancing Tunisian Civil Society MEPI continues to expand its engagement with local civil society organizations through its unique local grants program, which directly supports civic groups throughout the country. MEPI local grants respond to priorities and proposals from local organizations, ensuring that Tunisians remain in front of their democratic transition and have opportunities to get involved in civic life. Since January 2011, MEPIs Regional Office in Tunis has awarded more than 15 new local grants to advance the role of Tunisias civil society with a focus on women and youth. Grantees such as the Center for Arab Women Training and Research (CAWTAR) are working to increase public awareness about citizen rights, gender equality, and active citizenship. MEPI has awarded two larger grants to Mercy Corps and Search for Common Ground, both working with Tunisian civil society organizations across the country to promote civic engagement with youth from the capital and coastal cities to the interior of the country. Expanding Freedom of Expression and Strengthening Political Participation New MEPI projects are empowering citizens, especially women and youth, to share their ideas with national and international audiences and to discuss social issues and governmental actions through blogging and internet-based media sites. MEPI local grantee Club UNESCO created a youth-run web-radio station to cover political events, and the Tunisian American Association for Management Studies (TAAMS) is working with youth to develop their sense of responsibility for the democratic process while

instilling the values of tolerance. The Institute of International Education (IIE) is building the capacity of civil society organizations to effectively use new media such as Facebook, Twitter, blogging, and other internet-based tools to strengthen constituent outreach, inform and engage communities, and improve communication with government institutions on social and political issues. MEPI is also working with the Institute of War and Peace Reporting to increase the quality of local news coverage by engaging with members of the media and citizen journalists, placing an emphasis on accurate political reporting throughout the country. Advancing the Rule of Law MEPI is assisting Tunisians to develop and promote a new legal system that is accessible and fair and that protects the rights of all citizens. In partnership with the American Bar Association (ABA), MEPI is promoting legal reforms across a range of sectors in Tunisia. ABA is partnering with the Tunisian Bar Association and other legal entities to reform Tunisias electoral code, address citizen electoral complaints, and improve womens legal rights and participation in the political process. Later this year, ABA will work with its Tunisian partners to organize a national forum on the role of women in transitional processes focusing on comparative experiences; womens rights in law and constitutional reform; and advocacy for law reform. Participants will include women jurists, rights groups, civil society organizations, and political party representatives, among others. Widening Economic Opportunity Since January of 2011, MEPI has increased its assistance in market-relevant skills training, job placement, and access to start-up business resources. With MEPI support, the Education for Employment Foundation (EFE) recently launched job placement and entrepreneurship programs for youth throughout Tunisia. MEPIs regional partner Injaz Al-Arab is inspiring a culture of business innovation among Tunisian youth through business plan competitions for hundreds of young entrepreneurs. In addition, the Commercial Law and Development Program (CLDP) and the Financial Services Volunteer Corps (FSVC) are supporting entrepreneurship and franchising, as well as reforms to the countrys commercial legal infrastructure. The United States is committed to supporting the Tunisian transition and the Tunisian efforts to build strong foundations for democratic growth and economic opportunity. MEPI plans to devote additional resources in the months and years ahead to assist Tunisia in becoming a more pluralistic, participatory, and prosperous society, as well as a stable and successful example of democratic transition in the region.

Tunisia Project Highlights HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh122111b.html" \o "\Citizenship Bus\ Brings voter education to quarter-million Tunisians across the country" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://photos.state.gov/libraries/tunis/296296/highlights/Dec11_b90.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh122111b.html" \o "\Citizenship Bus\ Brings voter education to quarter-million Tunisians across the country" Citizenship Bus Brings voter education to quarter-million Tunisians across the country In June 2011, a coalition of six prominent Tunisian NGOs launched an ambitious voter education project in preparation for Octobers Tunisian Constituent Assembly elections through multilateral support from the United States and the European Union. A few weeks later, the Bus Citoyen (Citizenship Bus) convoy was on the road reaching citizens across the country. HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh122111b.html" Read more... HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh11411e.html" \o "Innovative New Project Helps Ambitious Tunisian Youth Engage in their Communities" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://photos.state.gov/libraries/tunis/296296/highlights/AIC90.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh11411e.html" \o "Innovative New Project Helps Ambitious Tunisian Youth Engage in their Communities" Innovative New Project Helps Ambitious Tunisian Youth Engage in their Communities The American Islamic Congress recently launched Tune-in Tunisia to empower young Tunisian social entrepreneurs to get involved in their countrys democratic transition. This MEPI-funded project is building a network of emerging civil society activists in their local communities and tackling a range of civic challenges, including womens equality, corruption, and freedom of expression. HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh11411e.html" Read more... HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh11411a.html" \o "Tunisians Vote in Historic National Elections" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://photos.state.gov/libraries/tunis/296296/highlights/tunisia_vote90.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh11411a.html" \o "Tunisians Vote in Historic National Elections" Tunisians Vote in Historic National Elections

The Middle East Partnership Initiative echoes President Barack Obama and Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clintons congratulatory messages to the people of Tunisia for the first democratic elections of the Arab Spring. HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh11411a.html" Read more... HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh092711b.html" \o "Tunisian Lawyers at the Frontlines of a Legal Transition" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://photos.state.gov/libraries/tunis/296296/highlights/TBA90.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh092711b.html" \o "Tunisian Lawyers at the Frontlines of a Legal Transition" Tunisian Lawyers at the Frontlines of a Legal Transition Tunisias democratic transition presents tremendous opportunities for lawyers and lawmakers in the country. The Tunisian Bar Association (TBA) was one of the first professional groups to join the protests in Tunisia, and now the organization is a resource to candidates for the constituent assembly elections in October. HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh092711b.html" Read more... HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh092711a.html" \o "MEPI Partner Arab Technologies Information and Communication Empowers Young Tunisians" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://photos.state.gov/libraries/tunis/296296/highlights/ATIC90.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh092711a.html" \o "MEPI Partner Arab Technologies Information and Communication Empowers Young Tunisians" MEPI Partner Arab Technologies Information and Communication Empowers Young Tunisians Youth are often the driving force behind democratic movements, and need support to become more active citizens, effective leaders and positive and outspoken role models. To address the critical need to empower youth to change their societies, MEPI is partnering with the Arab Technologies Information and Communication (ATIC) Group to engage young Tunisian leaders in discourse on citizenship, activism, leadership, and communication. HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh092711a.html" Read more... HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh72711c.html" \o "MEPI Alumni Voices: Media in Tunisia Plays a Critical Role in Democracy Development " INCLUDEPICTURE "http://photos.state.gov/libraries/tunis/296296/highlights/mh28711b90.jpg" \*

MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh72711c.html" \o "MEPI Alumni Voices: Media in Tunisia Plays a Critical Role in Democracy Development " MEPI Alumni Voices: Media in Tunisia Plays a Critical Role in Democracy Development Khemais Arfaoui, a MEPI alumnus and Tunisian journalist with more than 17 years of experience, wrote an op-ed piece on the importance of free media in Tunisia's democratic transition. Arfaoui is an alumnus of a MEPI-funded program on social science education. He is trying to expand democracy in his country through journalism, something he took a keen interest in while studying in Syracuse through his MEPI program. HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh72711c.html" Read more... HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh72711b.html" \o "MEPI Partners with Local Organizations to Prepare Tunisia for the Upcoming Constituent Assembly Elections" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://photos.state.gov/libraries/tunis/296296/highlights/tu390.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh72711b.html" \o "MEPI Partners with Local Organizations to Prepare Tunisia for the Upcoming Constituent Assembly Elections" MEPI Partners with Local Organizations to Prepare Tunisia for the Upcoming Constituent Assembly Elections As Tunisians prepare to hold their first truly democratic elections in decades, two MEPI local grantees have begun actively working with youth, civil society activists, and media professionals to provide the skills and tools needed to ensure a free, fair, and open political process. These local Tunisian organizations, The Kawakibi Democracy Transition Center (KADEM) and B.G. Zaafrani & Partners, are training a broad base of Tunisian citizens on election monitoring and educating voters on key candidates and issues. HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh72711b.html" Read more... HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh72711a.html" \o "MEPI Kicks Off Grants to Support Tunisias Democratic Transition" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://photos.state.gov/libraries/tunis/296296/highlights/mh28711a90.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh72711a.html" \o "MEPI Kicks Off Grants to Support Tunisias Democratic Transition" MEPI Kicks Off Grants to Support Tunisias Democratic Transition Just a few months after MEPI announced a $20 million grant to support Tunisias democratic transition, 25 organizations are launching MEPI-supported programs that

reinforce Tunisias progress towards democracy and economic prosperity. On July 7, 50 representatives from these organizations and a corresponding number of U.S. government officials, came together for an afternoon of networking and discussion to create new partnerships and share knowledge and experience. HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh72711a.html" Read more... HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh7111b.html" \o "MEPI Grant Strengthening Tunisian Youth Civic Engagement " INCLUDEPICTURE "http://photos.state.gov/libraries/tunis/296296/highlights/HL3_90.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh7111b.html" \o "MEPI Grant Strengthening Tunisian Youth Civic Engagement " MEPI Grant Strengthening Tunisian Youth Civic Engagement Representing a majority in many of the countries in the Middle East and North Africa, young people cannot be left behind when action moves from the streets to the parliaments. Transitional authorities must work with youth to meet their aspirations, but young people must take the initiative to enter the political process. HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh7111b.html" Read more... HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh7111a.html" \o "Fledgling Democracies Have Full Support of U.S." INCLUDEPICTURE "http://photos.state.gov/libraries/tunis/296296/highlights/HL4_90.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh7111a.html" \o "Fledgling Democracies Have Full Support of U.S." Fledgling Democracies Have Full Support of U.S. On July 1st, Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton addressed the Community of Democracies, applauding many countries that have successfully transitioned to democracy and speaking directly to those in the Middle East and North Africa demanding their rights and freedoms. Secretary Clinton asserted that true, sustainable democracies are built on accountable institutions, equal protection and equal participation, far-sighted leadership, healthy civil societies, and economic opportunity. HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh7111a.html" Read more... HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh040111a.html" \o "MEPI Grant Supports Pluralism in Tunisia" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://photos.state.gov/libraries/tunis/296296/highlights/ACMACO90.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET

HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh040111a.html" \o "MEPI Grant Supports Pluralism in Tunisia" MEPI Grant Supports Pluralism in Tunisia Through the MEPI Local Grant Vision 2040 for Tunisia, the Association Club Mohamed Ali for Labor and Culture (ACMACO) conducted a series of seminars that brought together eminent figures from a wide spectrum of Tunisian society, including scholars, journalists, former ministers, and intellectuals to discuss and assess the lessons of Tunisias past reform movements. HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh040111a.html" \t "_self" Read more... HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh_31011c.html" \o "Community Leader Ines Mehri motivates Tunisias youth to participate and contribute" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://photos.state.gov/libraries/adana/5/misc/JCI_Monastir90.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh_31011c.html" \o "Community Leader Ines Mehri motivates Tunisias youth to participate and contribute" Community Leader Ines Mehri motivates Tunisias youth to participate and contribute MEPI recently caught up with Ms. Ines Mehri, President of the Monastir chapter of Junior Chamber International (JCI) of Tunisia, a local MEPI grantee. She discussed the march she and others organized March 3, which they called the Revolution of Dignity march. The event was created to encourage young people to understand the importance of unity and action in building a new Tunisia. HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh_31011c.html" Read more... HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh_100109c7.html" \o "Women Artisans Benefit from Public Private Partnerships in Tunisia" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://photos.state.gov/libraries/tunis/296296/highlights/image006_90.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh_100109c7.html" \o "Women Artisans Benefit from Public Private Partnerships in Tunisia" Women Artisans Benefit from Public Private Partnerships in Tunisia On June 3, the Tunisian Businesswomens Association Chambre Nationale des Femmes Chefs dEntreprises (CNFCE) and Vital Voices Global Partnerships organized their first forum for Tunisian Public-Private Partnership (PPP) aimed at supporting women artisans in Tunisia through potential partner organizations. HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh_100109c7.html" Read more... HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh7111b.html" \o "MEPI Grant Strengthening Tunisian

Youth Civic Engagement " INCLUDEPICTURE "http://photos.state.gov/libraries/tunis/296296/highlights/HL3_90.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh7111b.html" \o "MEPI Grant Strengthening Tunisian Youth Civic Engagement " MEPI Grant Strengthening Tunisian Youth Civic Engagement Representing a majority in many of the countries in the Middle East and North Africa, young people cannot be left behind when action moves from the streets to the parliaments. Transitional authorities must work with youth to meet their aspirations, but young people must take the initiative to enter the political process. HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh7111b.html" Read more... HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh511d.html" \o "MEPI Alumna elected as the first woman President of the Tunisian American Chamber of Commerce" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://photos.state.gov/libraries/tunis/296296/highlights/511d90.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh511d.html" \o "MEPI Alumna elected as the first woman President of the Tunisian American Chamber of Commerce" MEPI Alumna elected as the first woman President of the Tunisian American Chamber of Commerce MEPI alumna Amel Bouchamaoui Hammami, was elected first woman President of the Tunisian American Chamber of Commerce (TACC). Members of the chamber chose Amel through an open and democratic elections that was held in April 2011. HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh511d.html" Read more... HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh_02252010c.html" \o "MEPI-Sponsored Conference Provides Common Ground for MENA Legal Reform Efforts " INCLUDEPICTURE "http://photos.state.gov/libraries/tunis/296296/highlights/ACRLI%20Conference90.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh_02252010c.html" \o "MEPI-Sponsored Conference Provides Common Ground for MENA Legal Reform Efforts " MEPISponsored Conference Provides Common Ground for MENA Legal Reform Efforts As part of its MENA-Commercial Law Strengthening project (CLS), the Arab Center for the Rule of Law and Integrity (ACRLI) held its second regional conference on

Prospects and Challenges Facing the Modernization of the Legal Environment to Enable Business and Investment in the MENA Region. HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh_02252010c.html" Read more... HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh_050311a.html" \o "MEPI and IIE train civil society groups in new media skills " INCLUDEPICTURE "http://photos.state.gov/libraries/tunis/296296/highlights/5311a90.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh_050311a.html" \o "MEPI and IIE train civil society groups in new media skills " MEPI and IIE train civil society groups in new media skills E-Mediat: Electronic Media Tools, Technology & Training is MEPIs new technology training project. Developed in response to Secretary Clinton's announcement of Civil Society 2.0, this initiative helps grassroots organizations use digital technology to tell their stories, build membership, and connect to their community of peers around the world. HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh_050311a.html" Read more... HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh_05032010a.html" \o "North African Activists Use New Media Technology to Engage Citizens" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://photos.state.gov/libraries/tunis/296296/highlights/NA_media90.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh_05032010a.html" \o "North African Activists Use New Media Technology to Engage Citizens" North African Activists Use New Media Technology to Engage Citizens Limitations on freedom of assembly, speech, and press pose enormous challenges to activists attempting to engage citizens on issues in the MENA region. While the obstacles vary from country to country, members of political parties and civil society organizations (CSOs) across North Africa are turning to new media technologies as effective tools for disseminating messages and mobilizing people. Faced with common challenges, activists lack opportunities to convene and share experiences with likeminded activists from neighboring countries. HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mh_05032010a.html" Read more... PrintEmailFUNDING OPPORTUNITIES Proposals for Supporting Democratic Transition in Tunisia (APS) MEPI announces a competition (Annual Program Statement) for innovative proposals to support Tunisias democratic transition. Please visit the HYPERLINK

"http://mepi.state.gov/mepi/english-mepi/funding-opportunities/apply-for-a-grant/openfunding-opportunities.html" \t "_self" Open Funding Opportunities page for more details. FACT SHEETS HYPERLINK "http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2011/10/07/fact-sheetpresidents-framework-investing-tunisia" \o "FACT SHEET: The President's Framework for Investing in Tunisia" \t "_blank" FACT SHEET: The President's Framework for Investing in Tunisia This site is managed by the U.S. Department of State. External links to other Internet sites should not be construed as an endorsement of the views or privacy policies contained therein. SUPPORTING CIVIL SOCIETY ADVOCACY EFFORTS MEPI announces a competition for applications that support civil society organizations in the Middle East and North Africa to effectively advocate for causes that build more pluralistic, participatory, and prosperous societies. Please visit the HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mepi/english-mepi/funding-opportunities/apply-for-agrant/open-funding-opportunities.html" \t "_self" Open Funding Opportunities page for more details. LOCAL FUNDING OPPORTUNITY Each year, MEPI provides a significant number of local grants directly to local organizations based in the Middle East and North Africa. These Grants promote reform and and civic activism at the local and national levels in the Middle East and North Africa, build the institutional capacity of non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and strengthen civil society. Please visit the HYPERLINK "http://mepi.state.gov/mepi/english-mepi/funding-opportunities/apply-for-agrant/open-funding-opportunities.html" \t "_self" Open Funding Opportunities page for more details. THE MEPI LIBRARY (MAKTABAT MEPI) INCLUDEPICTURE "http://photos.state.gov/libraries/adana/5/misc/maktaba.jpg%20" \* MERGEFORMATINET Maktabat MEPI features more than 520 training resources that some 40 partner organizations in the U.S. and the Middle East have developed with MEPI funding. The site includes materials in English, Arabic and French. These resources are available for free at HYPERLINK "http://www.maktabatmepi.org/" \t "_blank"

www.maktabatmepi.org

The Ford Foundation Board of Trustees Ford Foundation trustees set policies relating to grant making, geographic focus, spending, investment, management, governance and professional standards, and they oversee internal and independent audits. They also set the compensation and review the performance of the president and all foundation officers. Our Board of Trustees is currently composed of 14 members, including the president. Nominated by a trustee committee and appointed by the full board, trustees generally serve two six-year terms. The board, board committees and individual trustees are evaluated on an annual basis by our Executive Committee. Foundation trustees bring a vast range of knowledge and experience to the task of governing the foundation. Over the years, trustees have hailed from four continents and have extensive experience in the worlds of higher education, business, law, government, nonprofit management and the civic sector. HYPERLINK "http://www.fordfoundation.org/about-us/leadership/irene-hirano-inouye" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.fordfoundation.org/Images/bios/IreneHirano.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://www.fordfoundation.org/aboutus/leadership/irene-hirano-inouye" Irene Hirano Inouye Chair of the Board President U.S.-Japan Council Washington, D.C. HYPERLINK "http://www.fordfoundation.org/about-us/leadership/luis-ubinas" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.fordfoundation.org/Images/bios/LuisUbinas.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://www.fordfoundation.org/aboutus/leadership/luis-ubinas" Luis A. Ubias President

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dfoundation.org/ aboutus/specialinitiatives/ifp" International Fellowship Program HYPERLINK "http://www.for dfoundation.org/ aboutus/specialinitiatives/grantcraft" GrantCraft HYPERLINK "http://www.for dfoundation.org/ aboutus/specialinitiatives/goodneighbor" Good Neighbor Committee HYPERLINK "http://www.fo rdfoundation.o rg/aboutus/contact-us" Contact Us

HUMAN RIGHTS HYPERLINK "HTTP://WWW.FORDFOUNDATION.ORG/ISSUES/HUMAN-RIGHTS" \L "#" SHARE

HYPERLINK "HTTP://WWW.FORDFOUNDATION.ORG/ISSUES/HUMAN-RIGHTS" \L "#" SIGN UP HYPERLINK "JAVASCRIPT:WINDOW.PRINT();" PRINT Fulfilling the rights that belong to all people depends upon an active and engaged community and public officials and institutions committed to the inherent dignity and worth of every person. Why It Matters Fundamental human rights are required for people to achieve their full potential and contribute to society. Our efforts to ensure human rights for all at the global, regional and national levels are based on the premise that for societies to advance the value of every citizen must be recognized and each citizen's right to equal opportunity must be secured and upheld. The Focus of Our Work We focus on securing equal rights and opportunity for all. We support efforts to help vulnerable populations gain access to the social, political and cultural institutions that govern their rights. This work includes: Strengthening organizations and mechanisms that enforce human rights Monitoring the policies and practices of institutions that affect the well-being of individual citizens Supporting legal and advocacy efforts to establish and retain basic civil, economic and social rights Ensuring civil and criminal justice systems are fair, effective, accessible and nondiscriminatory. Our work concentrates on the world's most marginalized groups, which are among the poorest and most vulnerable in every society, and which face some of the severest forms of discrimination: Women Racial and ethnic minorities Indigenous peoples Immigrant communities People living with HIV/AIDS

Leadership HYPERLINK "http://www.fordfoundation.org/about-us/leadership/maya-harris" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.fordfoundation.org/Images/Bios/Maya.Harris.125crop.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET Maya L. Harris Vice President, Democracy, Rights and Justice HYPERLINK "http://www.fordfoundation.org/about-us/grant-maker/vivek-malhotra/" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.fordfoundation.org/Images/Bios/VivekMalhotra.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET Vivek Malhotra Director, Equality and Justice

HYPERLINK "http://www.fordfoundation.org/about-us/grant-maker/martin-abregu/" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.fordfoundation.org/Images/Bios/Martin.Abregu.125crop.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET Martn Abreg Director, Rights and Governance Initiatives HYPERLINK "http://www.fordfoundation.org/issues/human-rights/strengthening-humanrights-worldwide" Strengthening Human Rights Worldwide HYPERLINK "http://www.fordfoundation.org/issues/human-rights/advancing-economic-andsocial-rights" Advancing Economic and Social Rights

GRANT MAKERS HYPERLINK "HTTP://WWW.FORDFOUNDATION.ORG/ABOUT-US/GRANTMAKER/MARTIN-ABREGU/" \L "#" SHARE HYPERLINK "HTTP://WWW.FORDFOUNDATION.ORG/ABOUT-US/GRANTMAKER/MARTIN-ABREGU/" \L "#" SIGN UP HYPERLINK "JAVASCRIPT:WINDOW.PRINT();" PRINT Martn Abreg
Director HYPERLINK "http://www.fordfoundation.org/regions/united-states" New York

Martn Abreg is Fords director of Human Rights and Governance. Working with program officers in New York and in nine regional offices around the world, his team focuses on advancing economic and social rights, promoting transparent, effective and accountable government, reforming global financial governance and strengthening human rights worldwide. Through these initiatives, his grant making is developing the next generation of human rights advocates, fostering civil society organizations, using innovative approaches to

monitor government performance, bringing new voices with fresh ideas from the global South, and building bridges between the fields of human rights and governance. Martn joined the Ford Foundation in 2000, serving as program officer for human rights in the Santiago office, before being appointed representative for the Andean Region and Southern Cone in 2007. He was named director in 2010. Previously, he was the executive director of the Center for Legal and Social Studies (CELS), a leading human rights organization in Argentina, where he was in charge of reshaping the organization to address new challenges and prepare for its first generational turnover. He was also an associate professor of human rights at the University of Buenos Aires School of Law. Martn has a law degree from the University of Buenos Aires School of Law and a Master of Law degree in international legal studies from American University

Issues and Initiatives Martn Abreg manages the strategy, foundationwide for the following initiatives: ISSUE INITIATIVE

HYPERLINK "http://www.fordfoundation.org/issues/human-rights" Human Rights HYPERLINK "http://www.fordfoundation.org/issues/human-rights/advancing-economic-andsocial-rights" Advancing Economic and Social Rights HYPERLINK "http://www.fordfoundation.org/issues/human-rights/strengtheninghuman-rights-worldwide" Strengthening Human Rights Worldwide HYPERLINK "http://www.fordfoundation.org/issues/democratic-and-accountablegovernment" Democratic and Accountable Government HYPERLINK "http://www.fordfoundation.org/issues/democratic-and-accountable-government/promotingtransparent-effective-and-accountable-government" Promoting Transparent, Effective and Accountable Government HYPERLINK "http://www.fordfoundation.org/issues/democratic-andaccountable-government/reforming-global-financial-governance" Reforming Global Financial Governance

Robert Bosch Stiftung

Organization INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.boschstiftung.de/content/language2/images_w680/Organigramm_englisch.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET

Annual General Meeting, Board of Trustees The Partners and Members of the Board of Trustees INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.boschstiftung.de/content/language1/shared/iconPlus.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Dr. Kurt Liedtke, Stuttgart (Chairman) Dr. Christof Bosch, Knigsdorf Prof. Dr. h.c. Ludwig Georg Braun, Melsungen Wolfgang Chur, Stuttgart Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Hanna-Barbara Gerl-Falkovitz, Erlangen Prof. Dr. Renate Kcher, Constance Dr. Nicola Leibinger-Kammller, Gerlingen Matthias Madelung, Munich Eberhard Stilz, Asperg Guests: Prof. Dr. Hubert Markl, Constance

Helga Solinger, Stuttgart

Finance, Human Resources, Organization, IT, Robert Bosch Hospital, Institutes Head of Department Dr. Hans-Werner Cieslik (Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer) Phone: +49 (0)711 46084-20 HYPERLINK "mailto:hans-werner.cieslik@bosch-stiftung.de" \t "_blank" hanswerner.cieslik@bosch-stiftung.de Personal Assistant Sandra Wlfel-Gerischer Phone: +49 (0)711 46084-24 HYPERLINK "mailto:sandra.woelfel@bosch-stiftung.de" \t "_blank" HYPERLINK "mailto:sandra.woelfel@bosch-stiftung.de" sandra.woelfel@bosch-stiftung.de Deputy Head of Department Roland Bender Phone: +49 (0)711 46084-26 HYPERLINK "mailto:roland.bender@bosch-stiftung.de" \t "_blank" roland.bender@boschstiftung.de Administrative Officers Martina Baitinger Phone: +49 (0)711 46084-114 HYPERLINK "mailto:martina.baitinger@bosch-stiftung.de" \t "_blank" martina.baitinger@bosch-stiftung.de Zeljko Benacic Phone: +49 (0)711 46084-116 HYPERLINK "mailto:zeljko.benacic@bosch-stiftung.de" \t "_blank" zeljko.benacic@boschstiftung.de Josefina Franco-Prez Phone: +49 (0)711 46084-680 HYPERLINK "mailto:josefina.franco-perez@bosch-stiftung.de" \t "_blank" josefina.francoperez@bosch-stiftung.de Joachim Geiger

Phone: +49 (0)711 46084-120 HYPERLINK "mailto:joachim.geiger@bosch-stiftung.de" \t "_blank" joachim.geiger@boschstiftung.de Ute Kayser Phone: +49 (0)711 46084-27 HYPERLINK "mailto:ute.kayser@bosch-stiftung.de" \t "_blank" ute.kayser@boschstiftung.de Jeanette Kress Phone: +49 (0)711 46084-69 HYPERLINK "mailto:jeanette.kress@bosch-stiftung.de" \t "_blank" jeanette.kress@boschstiftung.de Verena Pascher Phone: +49 (0)711 46084-681 HYPERLINK "mailto:verena.pascher@bosch-stiftung.de" \t "_blank" verena.pascher@boschstiftung.de Martin Rist Phone: +49 (0)711 46084-64 HYPERLINK "mailto:martin.rist@bosch-stiftung.de" \t "_blank" martin.rist@boschstiftung.de Sonja Schn Phone: +49 (0)711 46084-135 HYPERLINK "mailto:sonja.schoen@bosch-stiftung.de" \t "_blank" sonja.schoen@boschstiftung.de Corinna Ulbrich-Wrz Phone: +49 (0)711 46084-197 HYPERLINK "mailto:corinna.ulbrich-woerz@bosch-stiftung.de" \t "_blank" corinna.ulbrichwoerz@bosch-stiftung.de Michael Weinmann Phone: +49 (0)711 46084-21 HYPERLINK "mailto:michael.weinmann@bosch-stiftung.de" \t "_blank" michael.weinmann@bosch-stiftung.de Monika Wolz Phone: +49 (0)711 46084-196

HYPERLINK "maito:monika.wolz@bosch-stiftung.de" \t "_blank" monika.wolz@boschstiftung.de Program Officer Julia Dressnandt Phone: +49 (0)711 46084-117 HYPERLINK "mailto:julia.dressnandt@bosch-stiftung.de" \t "_blank" julia.dressnandt@bosch-stiftung.de Mail Room Waltraud Mezger Phone: +49 (0)711 46084-38 HYPERLINK "mailto:waltraud.mezger@bosch-stiftung.de" \t "_blank" waltraud.mezger@bosch-stiftung.de Mirela Torbusch Phone: +49 (0)711 46084-38 HYPERLINK "mailto:mirela.torbusch@bosch-stiftung.de" \t "_blank" mirela.torbusch@bosch-stiftung.de Motorist Wolfgang Nitzsche Phone: +49 (0)711 46084-595 HYPERLINK "mailto:wolfgang.nitzsche@bosch-stiftung.de" \t "_blank" wolfgang.nitzsche@bosch-stiftung.de

The Board of Management Dieter Berg (Chairman) Secretary Michaela Zange Phone: +49 (0)711 46084-72 HYPERLINK "mailto:michaela.zange@bosch-stiftung.de" \t "_blank" michaela.zange@bosch-stiftung.de Assistant Katharina Rohlf Phone: +49 (0)711 46084-78 HYPERLINK "mailto:katharina.rohlf@bosch-stiftung.de" \t "_blank" katharina.rohlf@bosch-

stiftung.de Dr. Ingrid Hamm Secretary Angelika Mandon Phone: +49 (0)711 46084-23 HYPERLINK "mailto:angelika.mandon@bosch-stiftung.de" \t "_blank" angelika.mandon@bosch-stiftung.de Assistant Michael Schulze Phone: +49 (0)711 46084-28 HYPERLINK "mailto:michael.schulze@bosch-stiftung.de" \t "_blank" HYPERLINK "mailto:michael.schulze@bosch-stiftung.de" michael.schulze@bosch-stiftung.de INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.boschstiftung.de/content/language1/shared/iconPlus.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET CV Dieter Berg (Chairman) Press Photos INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.boschstiftung.de/content/language1/shared/iconPlus.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET CV Dr. Ingrid Hamm

Communication Head of Department Stefan Schott Phone: +49 (0)711 46084-60 HYPERLINK "mailto:stefan.schott@bosch-stiftung.de" \t "_blank" HYPERLINK "mailto:stefan.schott@bosch-stiftung.de" stefan.schott@bosch-stiftung.de Public Relations Lore Tress Phone: +49 (0)711 46084-25 HYPERLINK "mailto:lore.tress@bosch-stiftung.de" \t "_blank" lore.tress@bosch-stiftung.de Graphic Design Tanja Frey Phone: +49 (0)711 46084-650 HYPERLINK "mailto:tanja.frey@bosch-stiftung.de" \t "_blank" tanja.frey@bosch-stiftung.de

Sandra Scheffel Phone: +49 (0)711 46084-897 HYPERLINK "mailto:sandra.scheffel@bosch-stiftung.de" \t "_blank" sandra.scheffel@boschstiftung.de Press & Internet Klaus Vomeyer Phone: +49 (0)711 46084-686 HYPERLINK "mailto:klaus.vossmeyer@bosch-stiftung.de" \t "_blank" klaus.vossmeyer@bosch-stiftung.de Sigrid Borck Phone: +49 (0)711 46084-198 HYPERLINK "mailto:sigrid.borck@bosch-stiftung.de" \t "_blank" sigrid.borck@boschstiftung.de Michael Herm Phone: +49 (0)711 46084-29 HYPERLINK "mailto:michael.herm@bosch-stiftung.de" \t "_blank" michael.herm@boschstiftung.de Patricia Schrader-Wurbs Phone: +49 (0)711 46084-750 HYPERLINK "mailto:patricia.schrader-wurbs@bosch-stiftung.de" \t "_blank" patricia.schrader-wurbs@bosch-stiftung.de

Berlin Office Robert Bosch Stiftung Berlin Office Bismarckstr. 71 D-10627 Berlin Head of Department Sandra Breka Phone: +49 (0)30 32788-551 HYPERLINK "mailto:sandra.breka@bosch-stiftung.de" \t "_blank" sandra.breka@boschstiftung.de Secretary/Office Management

Roswitha Meurers Phone: +49 (0)30 32788-550 HYPERLINK "mailto:roswitha.meurers@bosch-stiftung.de" \t "_blank" roswitha.meurers@bosch-stiftung.de Event Management Miriam Gundlach Phone: +49 (0)30 32788-556 HYPERLINK "mailto:miriam.gundlach@bosch-stiftung.de" \t "_blank" miriam.gundlach@bosch-stiftung.de Assistant Isabel Bornhorst Phone: +49 (0)30 32788-561 HYPERLINK "mailto:isabel.bornhorst@bosch-stiftung.de" \t "_blank" isabel.bornhorst@bosch-stiftung.de Program Officers Johann Baar Phone: +49 (0)30 32788-553 HYPERLINK "mailto:johann.baar@bosch-stiftung.de" \t "_blank" HYPERLINK "mailto:johann.baar@bosch-stiftung.de" johann.baar@bosch-stiftung.de Daina Hues Phone: +49 (0)30 32788-552 HYPERLINK "mailto:daina.hues@bosch-stiftung.de" \t "_blank" daina.hues@boschstiftung.de Program Assistants Hanna Glei Phone: +49 (0)30 32788-563 HYPERLINK "mailto:hanna.gleiss@bosch-stiftung.de" \t "_blank" hanna.gleiss@boschstiftung.de Verena Peter Phone: +49 (0)30 32788-558 HYPERLINK "mailto:verena.peter@bosch-stiftung.de" \t "_blank" verena.peter@boschstiftung.de