Definitions

Capitalism When the means of production and exchange are privately owned Ideology A strongly held system of political beliefs about people, the world and how it should be
run.

Pluralism Government that tolerate differences of opinion and religion, providing people obey the
law and do not infringe the rights of their fellow citizens Socialism When the means of production and exchange are owned by the government Totalitarianism Total government ruled by one party that uses terror to rule its people Appeasement When countries try to make peace with aggressors by giving in to them Containment Stopping communist expansion through military means. The opposite of appeasement Dictator A non democratic leader with autocratic power who uses the instruments of the state/government to keep control Grand Alliance The alliance of the Big Three America, USSR and Britain against the Axis Power, Nazi Germany, Imperial Japan, and fascist Italy in WWII Superpower A country with overwhelming power to reach out beyond their borders by technology, influence, military and alliance. Most importantly they had the power to start nuclear war.

Sir Robert Menzies

Longest serving prime minister 1949 1966 1944 established liberal party Claimed to speak for the forgotten people The emerging middle class Australians Continuation of chifleys mass migration plan Snowy mountain hydroelectric scheme Grants for tertiary education The development of Canberra Expansions of university Compulsory military service for male 18 year olds Allowed british nuclear test on its soil Colombo plan, similar to the Marshall plan (Help contain communism)

Achievements

The Menzies government:

Banning the Communist Party

The Communist Party dissolution Bill (CPDB) Menzies argued that the communists were loyal to a foreign power, the USSR. He then used the CPDB and it was passed in the house of reps. The CPA and 10 unions challenged this law. Dr H V Evatt argued that the law infringes on the basic rights of Australians The Referendum After his first attempt to ban the CPA he then used a referendum in 1951. Dr evatt argued that voting yes would restrict freedom of speech and political association as well as having the power to target any group they want.

How he reacts
When Menzies is in danger of losing his role as prime minister he would use the peoples fear of communism against the ALP.

Mcarthyism and the Red Menace

1948 Cold War in Berlin 1949 China became communist 1950 1953 Korean War 1954 Cold war in Vietnam and Indochina 1956 Cold War in Hungary 1949 USSR stole plans of H bomb from America Was a US senator Caused major hysteria about fifth columnists Chairman of Senate committee for un American activities The committee became known as the witch hunt

Mcarthy

The fifth Column

The fifth column means saboteurs, spies, enemies and agents in our midst betraying our side to the enemy. It dates back to the Spanish civil war when Francisco Franco said it was his fifth column that one the fight for Madrid.

Cold War
World War II had been a hot war where both sides declared war and used maximum force against the enemy. The Cold War was a new term because both super powers had nuclear weapons they tried to avoid Mutually Assured Destruction

Origins
United states became world first superpower in 1945 when they obtained the atomic bomb USSR created buffer zone (Poland, Czechoslovakia, Rumania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Albania, East Germany and the Baltic states 1946 USSR became second superpower after obtaining the Atomic Bomb. Obtaining atomic bomb leg to breakdown of the grand alliance and the beginning of Cold War.

Treaties Australia joined

North Atlantic Treaty Organisation 1949 formed the basis of the western alliance South East Asia Treaty Organisation 1954 Australia, New Zealand and United States 1951

Four freedoms
Freedom of speech Freedom from want Freedom of religious belief Freedom from fear

Post War Migration

Chifley Migration Scheme
1946 introduced by Chifley government and immigration minister Continued by Menzies government after 1949 Australias largest and one of worlds most important migration schemes Two wongs dont make a white started the White Australia policy Demand for labour for new manufacturing industries Most important employers of migrants was the Snowy mountains hydroelectric scheme British migrants brought for purely nominal payment