Exam Results

Congratulations! you have successfully completed the final exam. You answered 24 out of 27 questions correctly and scored 88%. Your excellent results qualify you for a certificate for this course. Details of your exam results can be found below.

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1. Current consensus on timing of first birth is to delay pregnancy until 18 years of age.

You answered: True

That is correct

2. USAID defines HTSP interventions as activities to help women, couples and families make informed decisions on the timing and spacing of their pregnancies to achieve the healthiest outcomes for women, newborns, infants, and children.

You answered: True

That is correct

3. Recent operations research studies show that educating women, families, and communities about the benefits of pregnancy timing and spacing is linked to substantial increases in family planning use, in a relatively short period of time.

You answered: True

That is correct

4. Pregnancy timing and spacing data are routinely available in almost all USAID Demographic and Health Surveys.

You answered: True

That is correct

5. Which of the following indicators is NOT a good intermediate indicator to monitor progress of programs aiming to achieve HTSP outcomes?

You answered: Total fertility rate

That is correct

6. The term healthy timing and spacing of pregnancy refers to:

You answered: The healthiest time to become pregnant for the first time, and after all pregnancyrelated reproductive events. (live birth, stillbirth, miscarriage, abortion)

That is correct

7. HTSP is associated with the reduced risk of which of the following outcomes:

You answered: Low birth weight, maternal mortality, pre-eclampsia and stunting

That is correct

8. Most women want to know the healthiest time to give birth, rather than the healthiest time to become pregnant.

You answered: True

That is incorrect

9. Large percentages of births in most developing countries, even countries with relatively high contraceptive prevalence rates and declining fertility, are still too closely spaced.

You answered: True

That is correct

10. Barriers that affect women's abilities to delay and space pregnancies include:

You answered: All of the above

That is correct

11. Which is NOT a key HTSP program component:

You answered: Counseling and Testing

That is correct

12. Antenatal and postpartum care visits are an opportunity to integrate timing and spacing messages into FP and MCH activities.

You answered: True

That is correct

13. Which of the following is NOT true about HTSP education, behaviors and services?

You answered: They can be useful in supporting HIV prevention campaigns.

That is correct

14. For people entering their reproductive years, their principal family planning demand will be for:

You answered: Limiting and spacing methods about equally

That is incorrect

15. Experts have recommended all of the following HTSP behavior outcomes: Couples should attempt pregananices at least ___ months after a live birth and ____ months after an abortion or miscarriage; first pregnancies should occur at age ____ or later.

You answered: 24; 6; 18

That is correct

16. Match the definition with its appropriate term:

You answered: Births occuring less than 24 months after the last term of pregnancy: pregnancy interval Too-short birth-to-

Births occuring more than 5 years after the previous term of pregnancy: Too-long birth-to-pregnancy interval Pregnancies occuring before the age of 18: Pregnancies occuring after age 34: That is correct To early age of first pregnancy

Too late age of pregnancy

17. Which of the following is NOT a typical HTSP behavior change communication approach:

You answered: Educate communities that condoms help prevent STIs

That is correct

18. Match the appropriate method of HTSP intervention with the group to be reached:

You answered: Messaging regarding the delay of first pregnancy until the female is age 18: couples Messaging about pregnancy during antenatal care visits: Postpartum women Appropriate family planning methods for spacing between births: Postpartum women Post Young engaged

Messaging regarding 6-month birth intervals before attempting another pregnancy: stillbirth/neonatal death clients That is incorrect

19. A valuable resource to obtain country-specific pregnancy timing and spacing data is:

You answered: USAID's Demographic and Health Surveys

That is correct

20. Birth-to-pregnancy intervals of less than six months are associated with increased risk of which of the following health outcomes?

You answered: All of the above

That is correct

21. Demand for spacing methods is high among low parity women, postpartum women, and even zero parity women.

You answered: True

That is correct

22. Match the key finding with the HTSP programmatic review area it focuses on.

You answered: Most country policies lack discussion of mortality risk of unhealthy pregnancy intervals.: Policy BCC and counseling materials on the benefits of HTSP are limited.: Communications

Information on healthy pregnancy is not included in most countries' training materials.: Training materials That is correct

23. HTSP advocacy, training and community-based programming and counseling tools are available on-line.

You answered: True

That is correct

24. Which of the following is an example of advocacy efforts on behalf of HTSP strategies?

You answered: Presentation of birth-interval data and its association with adverse outcomes to decisionmakers and community leaders.

That is correct

25. Estimates of under-five deaths that could be prevented annually if all births were spaced 36 months apart are:

You answered: 1.8 Million

That is correct

26. USAID's Office of Population and Reproductive Health monitors the following indicator(s):

You answered: All of the above

That is correct

27. Match the tool with the main intended use.

You answered: HTSP 101 Brief: Advocacy efforts HTSP Pocket Guide: BCC and outreach efforts

HTSP Trainers Reference Guide: FP Service and Training

HTSP Counseling Tool for Healthcare Providers: HTSP counseling efforts That is correct