AWWA D100 - Significant Changes in the 2011 Edition

Leslie D. Scott, P.E.

AWWA D100 Current Edition 2011 Significant Changes in Latest Edition REVISED Updated designations of reference documents throughout the standard. Revised wind design criteria and definitions consistent with ASCE 7-05. Revised erection tolerance requirements for ground-supported flat-bottom tank shells when subject to small compressive stress levels. Revised testing requirements such that leak testing of shell-to-bottom joints is required for both Sec. 3 and Sec. 14 designs. Revised Site Class requirements to match ASCE 7-05. Ground motion hazard analysis requirements revised to reference procedure of ASCE 7-05. Revised the scaling requirements for base shear and overturning moment when the alternate procedure of Sec. 13.2.10 or 13.2.11 is used. Expanded requirement that piping and supports be designed to not impart significant loads to the tank shell. Previously addressed only in Sec. 13. CLARIFIED Clarified circumstances that require compliance with Sec. 10.6.6 erection tolerances. Clarified Sec. 14 DMT-thickness requirements for Category 1 and Category 2 materials when impact testing not provided. ADDED The stress evaluation procedure of ASME SECTION VIII, DIV. 2 was added as an acceptable method for evaluating local shell or pedestal stress for anchor chair designs that are based on a detailed analysis. Added top and intermediate wind girders to the list of components that do not have to comply with width-thickness limitations of Sec. 3.2.1. Added requirement that Method 1 shall be used to determine allowable local buckling compressive stress for ground-supported flat-bottom tank shells. Added requirements for self-supporting cone roofs. Limited design of self-supporting roofs in accordance with API 650 to apply only to unstiffened carbon steel plates. Added requirements that self-supporting aluminum dome roofs comply with ANSI/AWWA D108 (in conjunction with deleting Sec. 15). Added requirement that a Site Response Analysis is mandatory for sites classified as Site Class F except for short period structures on liquefiable soils. Added requirement that the site-specific procedure must comply with ASCE 7-05 when a site-specific procedure is required or specified. DELETED Deleted references to ACI 349, FEMA 450 and UBC. Deleted requirement allowing live load to be used to reduce the overturning uplift. Deleted Sec. 15 in favor of new requirement referencing ANSI/AWWA D108. Leslie D. Scott, P.E. Mar 9, 2012

CORRECTED Corrected reference to AISI T-192. Corrected equations 3-11, 3-14, 3-26 Corrected upper limit of t/R ratio for Sections 3.4.3.2.1 and 3.4.3.3.1 Corrected the minimum thickness requirements for ground-supported flat-bottom tanks. Corrected upper limit of maximum longitudinal shell compression stress in 13.5.4.2.1. Corrected definition of a in Sec. 13.5.4.2.4 to reference section for Method 1 allowable stress.

COMMENTARY CHANGES Revised commentary consistent with changes to standard including updated titles and editions of reference documents. Revised all references to ASCE 7 to 2005 edition. Added commentary on design of piping systems and supports. Corrected API 650 reference. Corrected period used to calculate SDS. Updated reference for calculating response spectrum to ASCE 7-05. KNOWN TYPOS Section reference in Foreword Sec. IV. (3) should be 3.4.3 instead of 3.4.4 Reference to Ri should be Rc in the denominator of Eqn 13-18 Figure 22 temperature values for the isothermal lines are incorrect

Leslie D. Scott, P.E. began his career in the tank industry in 1980 and has been involved in the design and construction of steel and stainless steel storage tanks ever since. Through his original employment and as the result of acquisitions, mergers and corporate changes he has served in significant roles for six different companies located in the San Luis Obispo, CA region. He has extensive experience in estimating, engineering, detailing, and project management of shop-built and field-erected storage tank construction projects with special emphasis in seismic design aspects and code requirements. Projects have served the following industries: potable water, water treatment, wine, wastewater, sewer, petroleum, chemical, fertilizers, industrial gases, and aviation fuel. He is a member of many professional associations including STI SPFA, AWWA, ASCE, ASME, and SEAOSC and has been a member of the AWWA standards committees since 1985. Leslie currently serves as the chair of the AWWA's new task force for development of the Standard for Welded Carbon Steel Flat bottom Tanks for Water Storage. He is an active member of the AWWA task force for development of the new General Tank Standard, the AWWA task forces for standards D100, D102 D103, D104 and D106, and AWWA's new standard under development for Stainless Steel Bolted Tanks for Water Storage. He was the inventor or co-inventor on two storage tank related patents and has been a speaker at several industry related seminars.

Leslie D. Scott, P.E.

Mar 9, 2012

 Leslie D. Scott, P.E.

Mar 9, 2012

CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE IMPORTANT ISSUES - Piping flexibility o Code requires that piping systems and supports be designed to not impart significant loads on the tank (consistent with ASCE 7 and AWWA D100). o Code also requires piping flexibility from the point of attachment. o Caution for flex connector type fittings! Flex connectors have some level of resistance to the deflection that is intended to provide flexibility. Some connectors have extremely high levels of resistance. Before flexibility is realized on these connectors, friction forces must be overcome, so connections to the tank require special foundation construction with thrust blocks integral to foundation so that forces are not transferred to tank. - Seismic Loads o Seismic loading is based on ASCE 7. Seismic loading can vary dramatically within a geographic region, so it is important to determine exact location before developing preliminary design information. - Anchorage o With the adoption of ASCE 7-05, anchored tanks are required to be supported on structural grout. - Freeboard o Under CBC, ASCE 7 requirements apply for seismic design, but ASCE defers to AWWA D100 for welded steel water storage tanks.

CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH (CDPH) IMPORTANT ISSUES - NSF 61 compliance for contact materials o coatings, gaskets, or materials of construction (e.g. concrete, stainless steel, etc.) are required to be certified in accordance with ANSI/NSF Standard 61. - For tanks that are lined with barrier coatings, the coatings are required to be certified in accordance with ANSI/NSF Standard 61. - California regulations require that tanks be constructed of impervious materials that prevent the movement of water into or out of the tank. o Verification requires leak testing of tank bottom o For bolted tanks or concrete tanks, this means special requirements must be specified above and beyond the requirements of the AWWA standards and special testing procedures. o For concrete tanks, this may require special prestressing of the floor, special testing, or the installation of a leak tight lining. - Freeboard o DPH review during authority to construct review will include freeboard provisions. Be sure that when your preliminary design information is developed that in includes freeboard considerations. o Although code requirements by reference to D100 allow the owner to specify freeboard less than calculated by the standard, in certain cases DPH might not approve with reduced freeboard levels.

CONSTRUCTION DETAILS FOR ASSET PRESERVATION - Under bottom o Non corrosive tank pad (see D100) o Cathodic protection system (not covered by AWWA Standard at this time. see NACE RP0193) Leslie D. Scott, P.E. Mar 9, 2012

o Coatings (generally for shop built tanks, consult your corrosion engineer) Interior submerged surfaces o Details easy to coat o All joints seal welded o All stainless steel components must be electrically isolated from the tank. Dissimilar metals o If stainless steel components are used inside the tank below the water level, AWWA D100 requires that electrical isolation be provided. This would be for accessories, structural components and connected piping. If stainless steel external piping is specified, it must be electrically isolated at the connection to the tank to prevent corrosion of the tank. Interior Roof and Structure o Match coating system features with selected details of construction o Most shop applied primers must be held back from edges to be welded to avoid compromising weld integrity o Alternate construction details Match coating system with anticipated service conditions How Roof Construction Details Affect Coating, Maintenance and Life Expectancy - Conventional - Seal welded laps and seams - umbrella roof (higher profile, steeper) - umbrella roof, seal welded (higher profile, steeper) - Seal welded laps, seams and structure - Seal welded laps and seams with external, seal welded structure Issues with additional welding The seal welding of the components simplifies the coating process, reduces long term maintenance and extends coating system and tank life. However, all the extra welding does create shrinkage distortion in the roof. Although the roof will be stiffer, roof deflection and small areas of ponding may occur except on the umbrella roof options. A couple of options to reduce the weld distortion effects are increase roof minimum thickness to and increasing roof pitch to 1:12 or even 1:12.

Exterior o Match coating system type and application methods to construction sequence, methods and site constraints

TOTAL COST OF OWNERSHIP ANALYSIS - STI-SPFA has developed a tool to help perform a total cost of ownership analysis. - Go to SteelTank.com The link is located under Field Erected Tanks and Steel Water Tanks.

Sources for Additional Information AWWA Standards AWWA Manual M11 AWWA Textbook Steel Water Storage Tanks Leslie D. Scott, P.E. Mar 9, 2012

Experienced Tank Designers STI-SPFA

Leslie D. Scott, P.E.

Mar 9, 2012