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7th Edition
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEMS
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
Chapter Objectives
Discuss the impact of information technology
on business strategy and success
Define an information system and describe its
components
Explain how the Internet has affected
business strategies and relationships
2
Chapter Objectives
Explain modeling, prototyping, and CASE
tools
Distinguish between structured analysis and
object-oriented analysis
3
Introduction
Companies use information as a weapon in
the battle to increase productivity, deliver
quality products and services, maintain
customer loyalty, and make sound decisions.
Information technology can mean the
difference between success and failure
4
The Impact of Information
Technology
Information Technology
Combination of hardware and software products
and services that companies use to manage,
access, communicate, and share information
A vital asset that must be used effectively,
updated constantly, and safeguarded carefully
5
The Impact of Information
Technology
The Role of Systems Analysis and Design
Systems Analysis and Design
Step-by-step process for developing high-quality
information systems
6
The Impact of Information
Technology
Systems analysis – process of understanding in
detail what a system should accomplish
8
Information System
Components
A system is a set of related components that
produces specific results
A Mission-critical system is one that is vital to
a company’s operations
Data consists of basic facts that are the
system’s raw material
9
Information System
Components
Information is data that has been transformed
into output that is valuable to users
Information systems have five key
components: hardware, software, data,
processes, and people
10
Information System
Components
Hardware
Is the physical layer of the information system
Software
System software
Application software
Enterprise applications
Horizontal system
Vertical system
Legacy systems
11
Information System
Components
Data
Is the raw material that an information system
transforms into useful information
12
Information System
Components
Processes
Define the tasks and business functions that
users, managers, and IT staff members perform
to achieve specific results
People
Users, or end users, are the people who interact
with an information system, both inside and
outside the company
13
Impact of the Internet
E-Commerce or I-Commerce
B2C (Business-to-Consumer)
B2B (Business-to-Business)
EDI
Extensible markup language (XML)
Supplier relationship management (SRM)
14
Impact of the Internet
Web-Based System Development
WebSphere
.NET
Web services
15
How Business Uses Information
Systems
In past, IT managers divided systems into
categories based on the user group the
system served
Office systems
Operational systems
Decision support systems
Executive information systems
16
How Business Uses
Information Systems
Today, it makes more sense to identify a
system by its functions, rather than by users
Enterprise computing systems
Transaction processing systems
Business support systems
Knowledge management systems
User productivity systems
17
How Business Uses
Information Systems
Enterprise computing systems
Support company-wide operations and data
management requirements
Enterprise resource planning (ERP)
18
How Business Uses
Information Systems
Transaction processing systems
Efficient because they process a set of
transaction-related commands as a group rather
than individually
19
How Business Uses
Information Systems
Business support systems
Provide job-related information to users at all
levels of a company
Management information systems (MIS)
Radio frequency identification (RFID)
What-if
20
How Business Uses
Information Systems
Knowledge management systems
Called expert systems
Simulate human reasoning by combining a
knowledge base and inference rules
Many use fuzzy logic
21
How Business Uses
Information Systems
User productivity systems
Technology that improves productivity
Groupware
Information systems integration
Most large companies require systems that
combine transaction processing, business
support, knowledge management, and user
productivity features
22
Information System Users and
Their Needs
A systems analyst must understand the
company’s organizational model in order to
recognize who is responsible for specific
processes and decisions and to be aware of
what information is required by whom.
23
Information System Users and
Their Needs
Top managers
Strategic plans
Middle Managers and Knowledge Workers
Supervisors and Team Leaders
Operational Employees
Empowerment
24
Systems Development Tools
and Techniques
Systems analysts must know how to use a
variety of techniques such as modeling,
prototyping, and computer-aided systems
engineering tools to plan, design, and
implement information systems.
Systems analysts work with these tools in a
team environment
25
Systems Development Tools
and Techniques
Modeling
Business model
Requirements model
Data model
Object model
Network model
Process model
26
Systems Development Tools
and Techniques
Prototyping
Prototype
Speeds up the development process significantly
Important decisions might be made too early,
before business or IT issues are thoroughly
understood
Can be an extremely valuable tool
27
Systems Development Tools
and Techniques
Computer-Aided Systems Engineering
(CASE) Tools
Also called computer-aided software engineering
CASE tools
28
Systems Development
Methods
The most popular alternatives are structured
analysis, which is a traditional method that
still is widely used, and object-oriented
analysis (O-O), which is a newer approach
that many analysts prefer
The important thing is for a systems analyst
to understand the various methods and the
strengths and weaknesses of each approach
29
Systems Development
Methods
Structured Analysis
Systems development life cycle (SDLC)
Predictive approach
Uses a set of process models to describe a
system graphically
Process-centered technique
30
Systems Development
Methods
Object-oriented Analysis
O-O analysis combines data & processes into
objects
Object is a member of a class
Objects possess properties
Methods change an object’s properties
A message requests specific behavior or
information from another object
31
Systems Development
Guidelines
Stick to a plan
Involve the users throughout the
development process
Listening is very important
Use project management tools to identify
tasks and milestones
Remain flexible
Develop accurate cost and benefit
information
32
Information Technology
Department
The information technology (IT) department
develops and maintains a company’s
information systems.
The IT group provides technical support
33
Information Technology
Department
Application Development
Team may include users, managers and IT Staff
members
Systems Support and Security
Deployment team
User Support
Help desk or information center (IC)
34
Information Technology
Department
Database Administration
Database design, management, security, backup,
and user access
Network Administration
Includes hardware and software maintenance,
support, and security
Web Support
Webmasters
35
Information Technology
Department
Quality Assurance (QA)
Reviews and tests all applications and systems
changes to verify specifications and software
quality standards
Is a separate unit that reports directly to IT
management
36
The Systems Analyst Position
A systems analyst investigates, analyzes,
designs, develops, installs, evaluates, and
maintains a company’s information systems
On large projects, the analyst works as a
member of an IT department team
Smaller companies often use consultants to
perform the work
37
The Systems Analyst Position
Responsibilities
Translate business requirements into practical IT
projects to meet needs
Required Skills and Background
Solid communication skills and analytic ability
38
The Systems Analyst Position
Certification
Professional credential
Career Opportunities
Job titles
Company organization
Company size
Corporate culture
Salary, location, and future growth
39
Chapter Summary
IT is a combination of hardware, software,
and telecommunications systems that
support business
The essential components of an information
system are hardware, software, data,
processes, and people
Companies are production oriented, service
oriented, or a combination of the two
40
Chapter Summary
Based on their function and features,
information systems are identified as
enterprise computing systems, transactional
processing or operational systems, business
support systems, knowledge management
systems, or user productivity systems
Organization structure usually includes
levels. Each level has different
responsibilities and information needs
41
Chapter Summary
Systems analyst use modeling, prototyping,
and CASE tools. Modeling produces a
graphical representation of the process,
prototyping involves creation of an early
working model, and CASE tools assist in
various systems development tasks
Various development methodologies exist,
including structured analysis and object-
oriented analysis
42
Chapter Summary
Regardless of the development model, it is
important to use project management tools
necessary to manage people, tasks,
timetables, and expenses
An IT department develops, maintains and
operates a company’s information systems
Systems analysts need a combination of
technical and business knowledge, analytical
ability, and communication
43
Systems Analysis & Design
7th Edition
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