KLN (Kay, Lietz, Naboulsi) SDI 2008 Hydrogen aff Solvency- Hydrogen does not harm the environment Using hydrogen would not harm the ozone layer by leaking water forming or chemically reactive molecular hydrogen into the upper atmosphere Amory B. Lovins, CEO, Rocky Mountain Institute, Twenty. Hydrogen Myths 17 February 2005 p.30-31 4. Using hydrogen would harm the ozone layer or the climate by leaking too much water-forming and chemically reactive molecular. ‘Aydrogen into the upper atmosphere. A final climate-/atmospheric-science myth was instantly created and intensively publicized worldwide after the respected journal Science embarrassingly published in June 2003 paper that should not have passed peer review.'® CNN Headline News, for example. aired half-hourly "pons of the “dark cloud” of environmental risk just discovered to be hanging over those sup- posedly clean hydrogen fuel-cell cars. The Science paper projected that molecular hydrogen re- leases into the atmosphere could be ~4-8-fold higher in a hydrogen economy than in today’s fos- sil-fuel economy, and that this could cause a variety of problems with climate stability and the prective ozone layer in the stratosphere, ranging from hydroxyl-radical chemistry to strato- spheric cloud formation and disturbance of high-altitude photochemistry. Assuming thatthe CalTech authors” climate science and treatment ofthe fate of released main Some dispute), their whole argument is nonetheless invah hydrogen leakage rate, which is about 10-400 times ioe high. 10-20% from today’s 50 MT/y hydrogen production human activity, which the authors say are 15110 MUy — all Using hydrogen does not affect water balance Amory B. Lovins, CEO, Roc February 2008 p36 co: ROCKY Mountain int, ‘Twenty Hydrogen Myths 17 a. Using hydrogen would release or consume too much water. Other things being equal, a vehicle using hydrogen instead of a hydrocarbon will emit more wa- ter because it gets al its energy from hydrogen, whose use makes water, and none from hydro- carbons (coal, oil, gas, etc.), whose combustion makes water and CO,. Location matters: the in- creased water emission may require lguid-hydrogen-fueled sirerat wo fly below the stratosphere to avoid adding excessive contrails to its very dry air. However, at east for cars, more efficient design can more than offset the extra water production: Sy fuel-cell-powered light vehicles would emit only half the water per mile of today’s gasoline-engine equivalents. 700 ZanKLN (kay, Lietz, Naboulsi) SDI 2008 Hydrogen aff Solvency- Hydrogen does not harm the environment Large scale hydrogen economy does not hurt Earth’s climat water bi atmospheric chemistry = water balance, or Amory B. Lovins, CEO, Rocky Mountain Institute, Twenty Hydrogen Mvt February 2005 p.28 — eo Myths 17 Myth #14. A large-scale hydrogen economy would harm the Earth's cl aonaaneee sal rm the Earth’s climate, water balance, ‘Water vapor does strengthen the warming effect of CO; by around 70%, ana its climatic effects remain uncertain,"* so this issue, like any other, must be carefully evaluated at the start of a pro- posed major shift in the energy system. Neglect of such prior technology assessment has proven very costly in the past. Fortunately, a sensibly designed hydrogen transition does not appear to present serious environmental issues if due attention is given to carbon releases. Hydrogen is clean and can reduce pollution and climate change Amory B. Lovins, CEO, Rocky Mountain Institute, Twenty Hydrogen Myths 17 February 2005 p.5 soe oe ‘Using hydrogen as a fuel, rather than burning fossil fuels directly, yields only water” (and perhaps traces of nitrogen oxides if used in a high-temperature process), This can reduce Pollution and climate change, depending on the source of the hydrogen. But when jour- nalists write that hydrogen can “clean the air,” that’s shorthand for keeping pollutants out of the air, not removing those already there. Usi jt sing hydrogen will not dry out Earth by leaking hydrogen into outer space Amory B. Lovins, CEO, is February 2008 p30 oe RAY Mountain Institut, Twenty Hydrogen Myths 17 ¢. Using hydrogen would dry out the Earth by leaking hydrogen to outer space. ‘Taking the opposite tack, one imaginative correspondent initially suggested a “fatal flaw in the hydrogen economy”: a reduction in the planet's water inventory, because molecular hydrogen will inevitably be lost to outer space as hydrogen leaks (to an extent that he expects to exceed the claimed 510% loss of natural gas) or is incompletely combusted.'® But this does not seem a re- alistic concer, because, as that author now accepts: © Molecular hydrogen is reactive enough that all but about 0.04% of its current additions to the atmosphere (Which total roughly 0.5% of the atmospheric inventory, or a million tons year, nearly all from human activities) recombines chemically within the atmosphere, rather than escaping to outer space." 1¢ A IATLKLN (Kay, Lietz, Naboulsi) SDI 2008 Hydrogen aff Solvency — Hydrogen Ensures Balance and Survival | French scientist René Dubos captured the ney sense of security that emerges from our new scientific understanding of how the Earth functions when he urged his fellow human beings “to think globally and act locally.” The Internet and the creation of the World Wide Web give us an electronically mediated “central nervous system” to connect everyone and everything within the biosphere so that we can, for the first time, really “think globally and act locally.” At the same time, the hydrogen energy web gives us a new, non-polluting energy regime that decentralizes and democratizes energy so that human populations can live in smaller, more dispersed communities that are less likely to stress the biosphere beyond its limits. The mass depopulation of the countryside and the migration to mega-cities with populations in the millions—which is the defining social feature of the fossil-fuel era—are simply unsustainable from a thermody- namic perspective. Because hydrogen energy is ubiquitous and fuel cell power plants can be put anywhere and connected in extende energy webs, we can bypass the hierarchical and centralized architees ture of the oil age. In the hydrogen economy, industrial and coms cial activity can be spread out in a more ecologically some manner, allowing for a more balanced mix in the density of ee settlement, 1% 20R