DYSPNEA

Dispnea
• Suatu istilah yang menggambarkan suatu
persepsi subjektif mengenai ketidaknyamanan
bernapas yang terdiri dari berbagai sensasi
yang berbeda intensitasnya
 Klasifikasi
• Dispnea akut
– Sesak napas yang berlangsung kurang dari 1 bulan
• Dispnea kronik
– Sesak napas yang berlangsung lebih dari 1 bulan
Etiologi
Diagnosis
Assesment
 History and Physical Findings in Relation to
Most Common Diagnoses
Historical Features Primary Considerations
Sudden onset dyspnea Pulmonary embolism
Pneumothorax
Acute myocardial infarction
Acute cardiac tamponade
Acute asthma
Subacute onset dyspnea Pleurisy
Pneumonia
Asthma
Anxiety
Congestive heart failure
Chronic dyspnea COPD
CHF
Interstitial lung disease
Anxiety
Asthma
Pulmonary hypertension
Nocturnal onset dyspnea CHF
COPD
Asthma
Sleep disorder
 Important Signs and Symptoms and Primary
Diagnostic Considerations
Assosiated sign and symptoms Primary Diagnosis Considerations
Wheezing Asthma
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Cough Pneumonia
Asthma
CHF
COPD
Interstitial lung disease
Chest pain
Pleuritic Pulmonary embolism, pneumonia, pneumothorax
Angina Myocardial ischemia
Relieved with exertion Anxiety
Syncope Pulmonary hypertension
Pulmonary embolism
Aortic stenosis
 SPECIFIC PHYSICAL FINDINGS
General observations Example of Diagnoses
Obesity Deconditioning
Clubbing Interstitial lung disease
Bronchiectasis
Barrel chest COPD
Abnormal breathing CHF
Use of accesory muscles for Asthma
breathing COPD
Pallor Anemia
Edema/ascites CHF
Management