Soul of The Qur'an (Malayalam) Vol:1

Jp-B-\ns
Bmhv
Hmw hmfyw
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
Hmw hmfyw
aplvbpo apl--Zv, Ccp-pgn
kvs{Sbvv ]mv JpB FUyp-t-j

atcn
Quraninte Athmavu (Adhikr) Malayalam Vol-1

(Explanation of the Holy Quran)
Author
: Muhyudheen Mohammed Irumbuzhi
Publishers
: Straight path Quran Education
PB.NO: 58, Manjeri - 676 121
E-mail: mail@straightpathonline.com
Website: www.straightpathonline.com
Type setting
: Mohammed Kasim.P
Copyrights not reserved. Who ever likes may translate and distribute copies among people irrespective of nation or religion.
\n-ba
- m-bnpw (apkvenw-If
- n\n-p) hnizm-kn-I,
blq-Zc
- m-bn-p-h
- , {InkvXym-\n-If
- m-bn-p-h
- , km_nCu- (A-n-bm-cm-[I
- ) Bcp-am-Is; Ah Amlp- h n- s \- s m- p w Ay- Z n- \ - s - s m- p w hniz- k n- pIbpw k-f
- \p-jvTn-p-Ib
- pw sNp-h
- cmsWn Ahv X-fpsS dnsbSp- Ah-cpsS {]Xn^-e-ap--v. AhcpsS-ta `b-s-Sp-hm\pw Ahv ZpxJn_Jd: 62)
m\pw CS-hc
- n-Ib
- pan-. (_Jd:
JpB kqd-p-I
kq-fpsS
Fw
JpB kqd-p-I
kq-fpsS
Fw
29. AAI-_qv (Nnen)
69
286
30. Adqw (tdm-a-m)
60
3. Ben-Cw-dm (Cw-dm IpSpw_w)
200
31. epJvam
34
4. Ankm-Av (kv{XoI)
176
32. APZ (km-mw-Kw)
30
5. Aam-CZ
(`-W--fn-I)
120
33. AAlvkm_v (Iqp kw-Lm)
73
6. ABw
(IpImen-I)
165
34. k_-Av
54
7. AAvdm^v
(Xncn--dn-bp-h)
206
35. ^mXzn (hncn-n-ph)
45
8. A^m
(bp-apX-ep-I)
75
36. bmko
83
9. Au_
(]-m-m-]w)
129
37. Azm^mv (A-Wn-tNcp--h)
10. bq\pkv
109
38. kzmZv (I-v)
88
11. lqZv
123
39. Apa (Iq)
75
12. bqkp^v
111
40. apAvan
(kXyhn-izm-kn)
85
43
52
41. ^pn-ev (kv]-am-bXv)

42. Aqd (IqSn-bm-temN\)
54
53
99
43 ApKvdp^v (\h-c-Xv\-)
89
128
44. Ap-Jm (]pI]Sew)
59
111
45. APmknb (app-Ip-p-Xv)
37
17. ACkvdmAv(cm{]-bmWw)
110
46. AAlv-Jm^v (aWq-\-I)
35
18. AIlv^v
47. apl-Zv
38
1. A^m-nl (BapJw)
2. A_Jd
13. Ad-AvZv
(]ip)
(CSn-\m-Zw)
14. C_vdmlow
15. AlnPv
(ineIfpsS \mSv)
16. Alv
(tX-\o-)
(Kpl)
182
19. adnbw
98
20. Xzmlm
135
48. A^Xvlv (Pbn--S-)
29
112
49. AlpPvdmv (A-d-I)
18
21. AAn-bm-Av ({]-hm-N-I-m)
50. Jm^v
45
22. Alv (Xom-S-\w)
78
23. Aap-Avan\q(kXyhn-izm-knI) 118
51. Am-cn-bmv (hnX-dp Imp-I) 60
64
52. Azq (Xq ]-Xw)
49
24. Aq ({]-Im-iw)
77
53. APvav (XmcIw)
62
25. A^pJm(k-Xym-kXy
54. AJa (N{)
55
55. Adlvam (]-c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I)
78
hnth-N\ am\-ZWvUw)
26. Ap-A-dm-Av (I-hn-I)
27. Awev
(D-dp-v)
28. AJkkv (kw`h Ncn{Xw)
227
93
56. Ahm-JnA(Hgn-p-Iq-Smkw`hw 96
88
57. AlZoZv
(Ccp-v)
29
JpB kqd-p-I
Bb-p-If
- psS
Fw
58. AapPm-Zne (Xn-p--h)
22
59. Aliv (Hcp-anpIqS)
24
JpB kqd-p-I
Bb-p-If
- psS
Fw
86. Azm-cnJv
(Ay-bm-a-n DZn-p-Xv)
87. AAAvem(AXyp--X)
17
19
88. AKm-jnb (aqSp--hn-\mikw`-hw)
26
89. A^Pv ({]`m-Xw hnS-c)
30
90. A_eZv (\mSv)
20
91.
(kq-cy)
15
(cm{Xn)
21
60. AapwX-ln\(]-co-n-th) 13
61. Az^v^v (bp-ap--Wn)
14
62. APpapA (H-n-p-Iq-S)
11
63. Aap\m-^n-Jq(I-]-S-hn-izm-kn-I) 11
Awkv
64. A-Km-_p (em`-\Zn-\w)
18
65. Az-emJv (hnhm-l-tam-N-\w)
12
66. Alvcow (\ntcm-[-\w)
12
67. Aapv (B[n-]-Xyw)
30
68. AJew
52
69. AlmJ (Dd kw`hw)
52
97. AJZv (\nW-bw)
70. AaB-cnPv(tImWnSn-I)
44
98. A_n\ (hy-am-bXv)
71.
\qlv
28
99. Aknkne(`qan-Ip-ep-w)
72. APnv
28
100. ABZnbmv(]-S-p-Xn-c-I)
11
101. AJm-cnA (alm kw`-hw)
11
92. Ass
93. Aplm (sXfn {]`m-Xthf) 11
(t]\)
73. Aapk-n(]pX-n--s--h) 20
94. Alv
(hnim-e-X)
95. Ao
(An-a-cw)
96. AeJv
(c--)
19
74. Aap-kn (]pXv aqSn-b-h)
56
102. A-Im-kp(s]cpa\Sn-p--h)
40
103. A-A-kz (Imew)
75. AJnbma (Ay-Zn\w)
104. Alp-ak (Bt]I)
76. ACkm (a\p-jy)
31
105. Aô
(B\)
77. Aapk-emv(XpSm-p-I)
50
106. Jpssdiv
(Jpssd-in-I)
78.
40
A_-Av (hrmw)
107. Aam-Du (klmb hkvXp-) 7

79. Am-kn-Bv(Ducn-sb-Sp-p-h) 46
80. A_k (s\-n-Np-fn-p)
42
81. AIvho(Npcp-)
29
82. AC^n-Xzm(s]mn-n-f-c)
19
83. AapX-^v^n-ô
(A-fhpXq-- eLq-I-cn-p--h)
84. ACinJmJv(s]mn-hnSc)
85. A_pdqPv (tIm-I)
108. AIu-k- ([m-cm-fw)
109. AIm^n-dq(kXy\n-tj-[n-I)
110. A-kzv (Znhy-k-lm-bw)
111. AakZv (]\-\m-cv)
112. ACJvemkv (\njvI-f-X)
113. AêJv ({]`m-Xw)
114. Amkv
36
25
(a\p-jykaqlw)
22
samw kq-
6236
A[ym-b{- Iaw
A[ymbw
t]Pv
apJ-hpc
1. A^m-nl
49
2. A_-Jd
94
3. Ben-Cw-dm
279
4. An-km-Av
383
5. amCZ
495
6. ABw
576
]Z-kq-NnI
678
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I\pw Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[n-bpamb Am-lp-hns \maw-sImv
apJ-hpc
BIm-i`
- q-an-Ifpw Ah-bvn-Sb
- n-ep k-kzhpw Cm-bvab
- n \npw Bdp\m-fp-If
- nembn krn k-{k-mhv {XnIm-e
m-\n-bm-Wv. Ahs hN-\
- f
- mb
Jp-B {XnIm-e-m-\-hp-am-Wv. AXnse aqn-semv kq- Ign-p-t]m-bXpw, aqn-sem-v kq- \S-n-ep-X
- pw, aqn-semv kq- hcm-\n-cn-p
kw`h-fpsS ap-dn-bn-p-am-Ip-p. BZyw Xs Ah Ahs {XnIm-e-m-\amb Jp-B-\m-Ip {Kw, kpc-n-X-amb ê-I-n tcJ-sSpnkqn-p
(A _pdq-Pv: 21-22, A hmJznA: 77-78 t\mpI). AXn-s\ AInXm_v Fp]-d-bp-p.
a\p-jy:
Rm, \o Fsms ]d-bp-Xv Cu ImWp ico-c-s-b! adnv \^vkns\(B-m-hv)bmWv. AXn\v k-cn-p-hm-\p hml-\a
- mWv ico-cw. amXm-hn-sbpw
]nXm-hn-sbpw C{n-b-p-n-I-fpsS Awi- Iqn tbmPn-nv k {kmhv
hnI-kn-n-pmnb aIq-S-amWXv. a\pjycn BZys\ (BZw) krn-tmXs {kmh,v H Bm-hn\nv Ay-\mh-sc-bp apgp-h a\p-jyscbpw (Bm-hv) kzK-n krn-p (A-n-km-Av: 1, AAvdm^v: 189, kpa: 6
t\mpI). BZw k-XnI-fpsS apXpIpIfn\nv Ay-\mh-sc-bp Ah-cpsS
kXn]c-c
- I
- sf ]pd-s-Spv, Ah- Hmtcmcp-t- cmSpw ""Rm\-tbm \n-fpsS
DS-a-bmb dv (DS-a)?'' Fv {kmhv tNmZn-p. A-tm Ah Hmtcm-cp-cpw
]dp: ""AsX \mYm, R kmywhln-p-p''. (AAvdm^v: 172-173 t\mpI).
tijw Ahsc \no-h-cm-n, BZ-ans apXp-Intev Xs aSn.
Awkv: 16 kq-f
- n {]Xy-a
- mb Bdv Imcy-sf (kqcy\pw AXns
NqtS-dnb {]Im-ihp--am-Wv, AXns\ XpSv hcp N{\pw tim`-bm {]Im-i-hpamWv, ]I-ens {]Im-ia
- b
- a
- mb {]Xy-s
- -Se
- m-W,v cm{Xn-bpsS Ccp aqS-em-W,v taemmbn kwhn-[m-\n BIm-i-am-Wv, H-I--n-bpsS ap-bpsS BIr-Xn-bn kwhn-[m\n `qan-bp-am-Wv) BW-bn-p-sImv; 710 kq--fn Amlp ]d-bpp:
Bmhns\ Ah kpe\-s-Sp-p-Ib
- pw, Hmtcm Bm-hn\pw AXns ZpamKhpw kamKhpw \Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp. A-tm BcmtWm kzw B-m-hn-s\
ipo-I-cn-Xv (Xncn--dn--Xv), Ah hnP-bn-p. BcmtWm AXns\ Zpjn-n-Xv
(Xncn--dn-bm--Xv), Ah ]cm-P-b-s-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp (_eZv: 10, Ckm: 3
t\mpI). Adlvam: 14 kq--fn, ]c-aIm-cp-Wn-I a\pjys\ Jp-B
]Tn-n-p, a\p-jys\ krn-p, Ah\v AXns hni-Zo-I-c-Whpw (_bm) ]Tn-np
Fp-]-d-n-p-v (Jzn-bma: 19 Iqn-hm-bn-pI). ChnsS Jp-B ]Tn-np Fv
BZyw]-d-Xns hnh-, kzK-nshv Fm a\p-jypw kamKhpw
apJ-hpc
ZpamKhpamb Jp-B-\ns Bm-hv ]Tn-np Fm-Wv. ]nsbmWv a\p-jysc

(icocw) `qan-bn krn-p--Xv. tijw Ahs\ Jp-B-\ns hni-Zo-I-c-Whpw
]Tn-n-p.
icocw:
apn-bm i-ap-m-p, Hn-n-Sn-p, ZpKw han-p, Idp Ifn-ap-sImv, Ipi-h Nn-bp-m-p-X
- p-t]m-se-bmWv {kmhv BZ-ans ico-ca
- p-mn-bX
- v (ln-Pn: 26), ]ns Ahs\ cq]-s-Sp-n, {km-hns dqlv (Po-h+Bmhv)
AXn DuXn (lnPv: 29, kzmZv: 72) BZ-ans \^vkn\n-mWv AXns CW-bmb
"l'sb krn--Xv. ""Ah-fn \nv Ah-fpsS CWsb krn-p''. (BWn-sbpw
s]n-sbpw \^vkn-s\bpw, kv{XobpsS ico-cs
- bpw kv{Xoenw-K
- n-epw, ]pcp-js
ico-cs ]pnw-K
- n-ep-amWv Jp-B\
- n {]tbm-Kn-n-p-Xv (An-km-Av: 1- t\mpI). ]nXmhpw amXm-hp-an-m Am-lp-hns krn-n\v DZm-l-cWamWv BZw.
amXm-hn-m krn-n\v DZm-l-cWamWv l. ]nXm-hn-m krn-n\v DZm-lcWamWv Cu-k. (A-t-l
- ns icocw ""Dm-hpI''F hN-\a
- m-Wv A-n-km-A:v 171
t\mp-I). ]nXmhpw amXmhpw ]pWp-sIm-p krn-n\v DZm-lc
- W
- a
- mWv \msam-hc
- pw. a\p-jys\ Hcp Iyq-d- n-t\mSv D]-an-p-Ib
- m-sW-n, icocw "lmUv shbdpw'
Poh sshZyp-Xnbpw Bmhv "tkm^vv shb-dp-am'-sWv kn-mw.
a\p-jysc krn-p--Xn\papv, XoPzm-e-bn\nv icocw krn--s
Pnp-I-fm-bn-cpp `qan-bn Amlphns {]Xn-\n-[n-I- (lnPv: 27). ]noSh
{]mXn-\n-[yw \n-hl
- n-msX `qan-bn \miwhnX-p sXm-Sn-If
- mbn amdn-bt- m,
C_veokns t\Xr-Xz-n (Pnns] Ah Atm \ntj-[n-bm-bn-p-m-bncp-n-) ae-pI Ahsc ]q-ambpw \in-n-pI-bm-Wp-m-bXv. ]no-SmWv
`qan-bn-tev {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmbn Ab-mthn a\p-jysc krn-p--Xv. {kmhns dqln\nv, a\p-jy-\n Bhm-ln-nptm Pnns] C_veokv AS-ap aepIfpsS kZ-n-t\mSv BZ-an\v kpPqZv sNm Amlp I]n-p.
C_veoskmgnsI as-m-hcpw kpPqZv sNbvXp. Xom krn-s
- F\nv an\m krn-s
- BZ-ans apn kpPqZv sNm ]p-Ib
- n-sv Ah Al-cn-p. AtXm-Sp-IqSn i]n--s-v, ImcpWyw hne--sv Ah kzKn\nv
]pd-m-s
- -p. XpS-v a-\p-jy-sc Am-lp-hns amK-n\nv hymtam-ln-nv
hgn-]n-g-n-m Ah-kcw \I-W-sav Ah Am-lp-hn-t\mSv Xs Bh-iysp. \n-bn--s Ay-\mhsc Ah\v Am-lp Ah-kcw \IpIbpw,
AXn-\p-th Fm Ign-hp-Ifpw \Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp. (An-kmAv: 116-121 hni-ZoI-cWw t\mp-I). C_veokv ]d--p: Atm \o B-cpsS Im-cy-n-emtWm Fs
ey-t_m[w \jvSs
- -Spn ZpamKn-If
- n AI-s-Sp-n-bXv, Rm Ahpthn
\ns "sNmmb amK-n' Ccn-p-d
- n-pI Xs sNpw. ]ns Rm Ah-cn,
Ah-cpsS apn-eqsSbpw Ah-cpsS ]nn-eq-sSbpw Ah-cpsS he-Xp-`m-K-n-eq-sSbpw
Ah-cpsS CS-Xp-`m-K
- n-eq-sSbpw hcnIXs sNpw. Ah-cn A[n-It- ]-scbpw \nbp--h-cmbn \o Fn-p-I-bnXs (AAvdm^v: 16-17).
Hm BZ-ta, \obpw \ns CWbpw Cu kzK-n Xma-kn-p-sIm-pI, \n
10
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
cp-t]cpw D-t-inpw{]Imcw kzK-n \np I\n-I btYjvSw `n-psIm-pI. Cu Hcp hr-ns I\nI \n cp-t]cpw Xn---cp-Xv. As\
sNbvXm \n cp-t]cpw A{I-an-I-fns]-p-t]m-Ip--Xm-Wv. Atm
]n-imNv Ah-sc hn-p. Ah Ah-tcmSv ]d-p: \n cp-t]cpw ae-p-I-fmbn-o-cp-It- bm, As-n \n \nXy-Po-hnXw ssIh-cn-p-h
- tcm BIm-Xn-cn-p-Xn\v thn-b-msX \nfpsS \mY Cu hrssmv \nsf XS-n-n. Ah cp-t]-tcmSpw Ah BW-bnv ]d-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp: \nbw Rm
\n-fpsS KpW-Im-wn-If
- n s]-h Xs-bm-Wv (AAvdm^v: 19-21). Cn[w tamlnnp Ah cp-t]-scbpw Ah ]mn-em-n. As\ Ah cp-t]cpw B
hr-ns I\n cpNn--tm, Ahv Ah-cpsS tKm]yamb Kply-m-\-
shfn-sSp-Ib
- pw, Ah kzKnse hr-f
- psS Ce-IsImv Kply-m-\
-
s]mm XpS-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ah cp-t]-cp-sSbpw \mY Ahsc hnfnp
tNmZn-p: \n-sf cp-t]-scbpw B hrssmv hne-nbncpnt? \nbw
]n-imNv \n cp-t]-cp-sSbpw hy-amb i{Xp-hm-sWv Rm \n-tfmSp ]d-bpIbpw sNbvXn-cp-nt? (A-Avdm^v: 22). lrZ-b-n tJZw tXmnb BZan\v
]m-]nv aS-p--Xn-\p hmp-I Cp-sIm-Sp--s-p (_-Jd: 37). Ah
cp-t]cpw {]mn-p: R-fpsS \mYm, R R-tfmSp Xs A{Iaw
{]hn-p. Rv \o s]mdpv Xn-n-s-n, \ns ImcpWyw R-fn
hjn-n-p-an-s-n \nbw R \jvSs
- -h
- cn Ds-SpI Xs sNpw (AAvdm^v: 23). Ah-cpsS Cu ]m-m]w Amlp kzoI-cn-p. \nbw Ah Gsd
]mm]w kzoI-cn-p--h\pw Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[nbpw Xs-btm (_-Jd: 37).
a\p-jysc kzK-n\npw `qan-bn-tev \ntbm-Kn--b-p-tm Amlp
]d-p: \n-sf-m-hcpw Chn-sS-\nv Cdntm-hp-I, \nfn Hcp-hn-`mKw asmcp
hn`m-K
- n\v i{Xp-f
- mIpp (I-]S- h
- n-izm-kn-I hnizm-kn-Iv i{Xp-f
- m-Ip-pap\m-^n-Jq: 4). \nsmcp \nnX Ah[nhsc `qan-bn hn{i-a--ehpw ]mnShpw Pohn-X-hn-`-h--fp-ap-v (A-Avdm^v: 24). Amlp ]dp: \n-sf-m-hcpw
Chn-sS-\nv (kzK-n\n-v)]pd-p-t]mhpI. C\n \nv Fn\np
lpZm (amK- Z i- \ w) hp- I n- pIbpw, As\ BcmtWm Fs lpZsb
(kmKs) ]n]-pIbpw sNp-Xv, Atm AhcpsSta `b-s-Sp-hmt\m
Ahv ZpxJn-mt\m CS-h-cn-Ibn (_-Jd: 38). BZ-an-s\bpw l-sbbpw ico-ctmSp IqSn (BZw kXn-Isf apgp-h BZ-ans apXp-In shp-sImv) Imns
Xmfm--I-X-bn `qan-bn-te-n-dn. (_-Jd: 164, Pmknb: 5 Bibw t\mp-I).
a\p-jy-ic
- o-ck
- rnv:
Ckm: 1 Amlp tNmZn-pp: a\p-jy-\n Ah Hmann-s-Sm
Hcp AImeamb Ime-Lw Ign-p-t]m-bn-n-tbm? AXm-bXv BZ-ans\ krn-tm Xs krn--s Ay-\mh-sc-bp a\p-jysc GXp-Im-e-v, GXp-\mn, GXv tKm{X-n, GXv hwi-n, GXv amXm-]n-Xm--fn sImph-c-Wsav Xocp-am-\n-p-Xv {km-hm-Wv. BZy-]n-Xmhpw amXmhpw an\n-pan-s-Xs LS-I--f-S-n-b`W ]Zm- `np, AXn\nv c-ap-
apJ-hpc
11
mbn, AXns kn\nv {kmhv C{n-bs (\pXzv^) cq]-s-Sp-n. ]nXmhpw

amXmhpw ]pW-cp-tm (A-Avd
- m^v:189) ]nXm-hns "kzp_n' \npw amXm-hns
"Xdm-C-_n' \npw sXdn-p-ho-gp shw-sIm-mWv a\p-jys\ krnsXv
A-zm-cnJv: 57epw, \n-bw a\p-jys\ \mw BWn-sbpw s]n-sbpw an{in-Xamb "\pXzv^'bn \nmWv krn--sXv Ckm: 2epw ]dn-p-v. amXmhns K`]m{X-n "\pXzv^'- bmbn 40 Znhkw, ]ns "AeJ' bmbn 40 Znh-kw,
]ns "apfvK' bmbn 40 Znhkw Ign tijw, \memw amk-n aev aptJ\
]nXm-hns apXp-In-ep "\^vkn' s\ AXn Bhm-ln-n-p-p. (k-PZ: 79, lv:
5, apAv-an-\q: 12-14, ^mXzn: 11, apAvan: 67, Jnbma: 39-40 XpS-nb kq-
Iqnhmbn-pI). ]nXm-hns "\pXzv^'- bn\n-mWv Fpw \mUn-Ifpw cq]-s-Sp-sX-n, amXm-hns "\pXzv^'bn\n-mWv chpw amwkhpw cq]-s-Sp--sXv
Hcp PqXs tNmZyn\v adp-]Sn ]dv \_n(-k) ]Tn-n-p-I-bp-m-bn.
Ncn{Xw:
BZy a\p-jy\mb BZw kzK-n\nv ]Tn-ns- kamKw D]tbmK-s-Spn `qan-bn Xma-kn-p-t]m-p (_-Jd: 213- t\mpI). BZw k-Xn-I
{ItaW ]nim-Nns t{]c-W-bm hyXn-N-env, Pohn-X-eyw \-s--h-cmbnamdn.
Ah-cn A[n-I-t]cpw A{I-anIfpw [nmcnIfpambn amdn-b-tm, Amlp hnizmkn-Iv ktm-j-hm Adn-bn-p-I-bpw, \ntj-[n-Iv XmoXv \Ip-Ibpw
sNp \_n-amsc \ntbm-Kn-p. BZw apX \qlv \_n hsc-bp ]v Xe-apd
kzK-nsh-v ]Tn-ns thZ-ns Bi-b-a-\p-k-cnv Pohn-p. Ime--g-n, kaqlw hnI-knp-Xn\v A\p-k-cnv, a\p-jy ]nim-Nns sIWn-bn
s]SpI-bpw, Am-lp-hns {]mXn-\n-[yw-hl
- nv Pohn-ph Cm-Xm-hp-Ibpw sNbvXtm Amlp("a\p, t\ml' Fo t]cp-I-fn Adn-b-s-n-p) \qlv \_nsb
BZys dkq-embn ({]hm-N-I\mbn) \ntbm-Kn-p-I-bpw, thZ-{Kw `qan-bn-tev
Ah-Xc
- n-n-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. At-l
- n-\mWv BZy-ambn ico-ct- m-Sp-Iq-Snb {Kan-d-n-b-Xv (l-ZoZv: 25 t\mpI). At-l-ns {]t_m-[\ ê-ambn Ipd-p-t]
am{Xw hniz-kn-p. C\n-bmcpw hniz-kn-p-Ib
- n-sv a\-n-em-nb {XnIm-e
m-\nbmb Amlp, \qln-t\mSv hnizm-kn-Ipw \ntj-[n-Ip-an-Sb
- n Xocp-am\w I]nmthn {]mn-m I]np. X^-e-ambn Av a\p-jy-hm-k-apmbncp {]tZ-i
- f
- n-sem-sbpw hym]n sh-smw aptJ\ Amlp Ahsc \inn-p-Ibpw \qln-s\bpw hnizm-kn-I-sfbpw I-en cs-Sp-pIbpw sNbvXp.
B I-en c-s-h-cpsS ]nKm-an-If
- mWv Cv temIp apgp-h a\p-jy-cpw
(Ckvdm-Av: 3, bm-ko: 41 t\mpI).
c-s--h-cn Hcp-hn`mKw Cdm-Jn Xma-k-am-n. {ItaW Ah hgn-]n-gv
_nw_m-cm-[Icpw, A{I-an-If
- p-ambn amdn-bt- m GI-tZiw 1400 hj-p-tijw
Amlp C_vdm-lo-ans\ {]hm-N-I-\mbn \ntbm-Kn-p. GI ssZh-n-tev hnfn
At-ls, ]nXmhS-ap P\X Xop--WvTn Fdnv Icn-p-sIm-m Xocpam-\n-p. AXn\npw Atls Amlp c-s-Spn (A-n-bm-Av: 69). (Ip-
12
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
Im-en-Isf tabvp-Xn-\pthn e-at- \zjnv, Ah-km\w Cy-bn Fnt

Bcyam-cpsS apKm-an-I Cdm-Jn\npw h-hc
- m-bn-cp-p. ln\p hkv{X[m-cWw, IA_ {]Z-n-W-w XpS-nb C_vdm-lo-ans Ncy-bns] Bcm-[\m
coXn-Ifpw {_mlvaWcpsS coXn-Ifpw Xn kmZr-iy-apmb-Xv AXp-sIm-mbncn-Ww). CdmJv hnv ê-kvXo-\n-tev ]pd-s C_vdm-lo-an\v CuPn-]vjy N{Ihn km-\a
- mbn \Inb lmP-db
- n BZys Ipn Ckvam-Cu P\n-p. Amlp-hns I]-\{- ]-Imcw B Ipnsbbpw lmP-ds
- bbpw shw-t]m-ep-an-m hnP\amb acp-`qanbn (I-A-_-n-) sImp-t]mbn Xma-kn-n-p. tijw C_vdmlow
ê-kX
v o-\n-tev X
-- ncnvt]mbn.- In-ep-m-bn-cp shw Xo-tm Ipnv thn
sh-a-t\z-jnv lmPd "k^m' "ahm' Ipp-In-S-bn Ggv {]mhiyw HmSn-\-Sp-Ib
- pw, Ah-km\w Ipn-bpsS Im]m-Z
- n\v ASn-bn\nv X
- s "kwkw' F
Pe-[mc s]mnsbmgpIpIbpw sNbvXp. Ckvam-Cu-en\v 14 hbv {]mb-sa-n-bt- m
C_vdm-lo-an-t\mSv aIs\ Adp--W-sa I]-\-bp-m-bn. Cu ]co--W--fnsemw hnP-bn--tm, GIssZhm-cm-[-\-p-thn `qan-bn \nn-s-Sp-Ibpw,
\qln-s Imes sh-sm--n \in-p-Ibpw sNbvX, BZys tZhm-e-bamb IA-_b
- psS ASn-d C_vdmloan\v Amlp ImWn-p-sIm-Sp-p-Ib
- pw, C_vdmlo-apw, Ckvam-Cuepw tNv AXv ]Sp-p-bp-I-bp-ap-mbn (_Jd: 126127)
kqd: C_vdm-low: 3536 {]Imcw C_vdmlow \_n, Xsbpw a-sfbpw _nw_m-cm[-Ic
- n AI-s-Sp-c
- p-sXv {]mn-s-nepw {ItaW CkvamCu-ens a hgn]n-gv GI ssZhm-cm-[-\v thn \nn IA-_-n- 360 _nw_-hsc
\mp-Ib
- p-m-bn.
C{_mlnw \_n-v `mcy kmd-bn P\n aI CkvlmJv \_n-bpsS aI
bAvJ
- q_v \_nbpsS aI bqkp^v \_n, kzk-tlm-Zc
-
- m-cm InW-n-se-dn-bs
- SpIbpw, hgn-bm-{X-m-cmb I-h-S-kw-L-m-cm Is-Sps-SpIbpw CuPn-]vXn
hn-sSpIbpw sNbvXp. Ime-{I-taW CuPn-]vXnse `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bmbn amdnb
bqkp^v \_n, ê-kX
v o-\n\nv bAvJ
- q_v \_nsbbpw IpSpw-_mw-K
- s
- f-bp-samw
CuPn-]vXn sImp-t]mbn Xma-kn-n-p. As\bmWv -C-kvdm-Cu- k-Xn-I
CuPn-]vXn-se-n-b-Xv. -{I-taW bqkp^v \_n-bpsS A[ym-]-\- Ckvdm-Cu
k-Xn-If
- S-ap B P\X hnkvac
- n-p-Ibpw ]ip Bcm-[\
- bnepw av A[mnI
{]h-\
- f
- nepw apgp-IpIbpw sNbvXp. Jzn_vXn hwi-n\np ^tdmham
`c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Ifmbnhcn-Ibpw, Ckvdm-Cu- k-Xn-Isf ASn--ap-Ibpw ASn-aI-fmnshp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Atm Ahsc tamNn-n-p--Xn\v thn aqkm\_nsb Amlp \ntbm-Kn-p.
aqkmbpw lmdq\pw hj--tfmfw CuPn-]vXn {]t_m-[\w sNbvsX-nepw
^n-Hu {]`r-Xn-I-fn\nv Hcm am{X-amWv hnizmkn-bm-b-Xv. Ah-km\w aqkmsbbpw Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-Isfbpw Amlp IS]n-fn c-s-Sp-p-I-bpw,
Ahv [mcmfw A\p-{K-l- \Ip-Ibpw, -temItc-m Ahv t{ijvTX
\Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp. Jp-B-\n t]scSpp -]-d Ccp-]-v -{]hm-N-Im-
apJ-hpc
13
cn -]Ip-Xn-bn-e-[n-Ihpw, Deq AkvapI-fns aqk, Cuk Fo cp {]hm-NI-mcpw Ah-cn-emWv hn-p-Xv. temIv Bpw \Im {]`m-hhpw
{]uVnbpw cmPm-[n-]-Xyhpw \Is kpsse-am \_nbpw, ZmhqZv \_n-bpw,
]nXmhpw aI\pw {]hm-NI
-
- m-cm-bn-p aqp tPmUn-Ifpw Ah-cn-emWv hn-p-Xv.
apl-Zv \_n(-k) \ntbm-Kn-s
- -Sp-X
- n-\p- apv temI-ns Xs t\XrXzw CkvdmCu k-Xn-I-fpsS ssII-fn-em-bn-cp-p. Fm Ime{I-taW [nm-cn-Ifmbno Ah {K aqSn-sh-p-Ibpw, {]hm-N-Iam-cn Nnesc h[n-p-Ibpw, Cukmsb Xs h[n-m DZy-an-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Fm Amlp Cukmsb
ico-ct- m-Sp-IqSn kzK-n-tev DbpI-bm-Wp-m-bX
- v. Cukm \_nptijw
samw temIw Ccpv \in-n--s-tS Lsan-b-tm-gmWv Bdmw \qmn
Amlp (In, kXy-ns Bm-hmb Imcy- Fo \ma--fn ]cmain--s-n-p) apl-Zv \_nsb Ay{]hmN-I-\pw \_n-bpambn \ntbm-Kn-p-X.v
IA-_-n- BWpw s]pw \-cmbn {]Z-nWwshpnS-tmfw
hgn-]n-g Ckvam-Cu k-Xn-IfpsS Pmln-en- v (A--Im-cw) Ccpp-t]mbn.
_mly-tem-Ih
- p-ambn _-sv Pohn-m ]m Cu kml-Nc
- y-n lndm Kplbn GIm--\mbn apl-Zv \_n Xma-k-am-cw-`n-p. Atm-gmWv A-m-lp-hns aep-I-fn \np ZqX-\mb "Pn_vco' Jp-B-\m-Ip {]Imihpw(Zn-hy-k-tiw)sImv BK-X\
- m-Ip-Xv (A-P
- a
v :v 117, AIvho: 19-27 Iqn-hm-bn-pI). kqd:
AeJn \np BZys Av kq- apl-Zv \_n-v HmXn-tnv
hmbn-m ]d-p. "Rm hmbn-p-h-\' Fv apl-Zv adp-]Sn ]d--tm
Pn_vco apl--Zns\ Benw-K\w sNpI-bpw, \^vkv (B-m-hv) kzK-hp-ambn
_-sSpI-bpw, XpSv kzKn\nv ]Tn-n Jp-B Atlw hmbn-pIbpw sNbvXp. ]noSv hnhn[ k`--fn, LwL-am-bnv 23 hjwsImmWv
Jp-B Ah-X-cWw ]qnbm-b-Xv.
k-aX kXyhmZw A_-w:
{]IrXn aX-amb Ckvemw (kkzw {km-hn\v kan-p-sIm-p PohnX
kwln-X) AYhm samw thZ{K--ns ASn-m-\-n t{ImUo-I-cn--s
PohnX coXn am{X-amWv BZw apX Ay-\mh-sc-bp a\p-jyv {kmhv
Xr]vXn-s-n-p-X
- v (B-en-Cw-dm: 19,85). thZw hni-Zo-Ic
- nv Pohnv ImWnpsImSpp-Xn-\p-thnbmWv a\p-jycn\n-p ZqXamsc \ntbm-Kn-psIm-n-cpXv. P\
-fpsS {i Amlphns kti-n-tev Xncn-p--Xn-\pw, Ahsc `b-s-Spp--Xn\pwthn maw, Zpcn-X-w, òXn-h-cp-p bp- XpS-nb ]co-
W \Ip-Ib
- pw, {]hm-NI
-
- m-cn-eqsS Nne Znhym-p-X
- {]I-Sn-n-p-Ib
- papm
bn. i-amb FXnp-InSbnepw sNdn-sbmcp kwLw Cu Zo\n hniz-kn-pIbpw, {ItaW Am-lp-hns Zo ChnsS \S-nh-cnIbpw sNbvXp.
Ime-{I-taW {]am-Wn-amcnepw ]ptcm-ln-Xam-cn-epw-s] I]-Shn-izm-kn-I (a\p-jy-n-im-Np-) Znhym-p-X
- {]hm-NI
- am-cpsS Ign-hp-If
- mbn Ah-Xc
- n-npI-
14
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
bpw, Ah-cpsS kzm-Xm]-cy--\p-k-cn-v, Zo\ns\ hf-sm-Sn-p-I-bpw

]pXnsbmcp Pohn-X-coXn \S-n-em-m {ian-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ahsc ssZhm-h-Xmc-fpw, ssZh-]p-{Xamcpamn amn ssZhns A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i--fn ]ptNpIbpw sNbvXp. BZy-Im-e
- f
- n thZw hmsam-gn-bm-bn-mbncpp Xe-ap-dI
- f
- ntev ssIamw sN-spsIm-ncp-Xv. ]nm-ev I]-Sh
- n-izm-kn-I, samw
thZw- kzoI-cn-msX Nne`m-K
- am{Xw hnI-ea
- mbn hymJym-\n-p-sIm-pw, AkXyw
Iqn--en-smpw {K- cNn-p XpSn. thZw (Bibw) ]Tn-m {ianmsX, AXns icocw Xnv ( A[-c-hym-bmaw \Sn) ]pWyw t\Sm-sav ]Tn-np-Ibpw, Ah kzI-c--fm cNn {K- (I-imkv{X {K-, D]\njp-, kphn-ti-j-, ]pcm-W- apX-em-bh) Pohn-X-ns Ahew_{K--fmn amp-Ibpw sNbvXp. a\p-jy [rXn-m-c\pw kpJ-tem-ep-]-\p-amb-Xn-\m Chcp-m-p Ipdp-p-h-gn-I ]n]m Xm-dmhpIbpw sNbvXp.
XpSv ]e-Xcw Nnm-[m-cI
- DS-se-Sp-p-Ibpw AXv In-Xz-fn sNs-p-Ibpw, A-an-m BNm-cm-\pjvTm\-f
- psS Hcp kap-b
- a
- mbn amdp-Ibpw sNptXmsS Amlp Ah-Xc
- n-n Zo tIhew Hcp aX-ambn amdp-p. Atm Amlp
a\p-jyv kmKw ImWn-p-sIm-Sp-m thn Ahs thZw asm-cp `mj-bn
asmcp ZqXhiw P\--fn-tev Ah-X-cn-n-pp. ]q-ambpw ZpjnpI-gn,
BZys {]hm-NI
- s Bfp-If
- m-sWv Zpc-`n-am-\n-p P\Xbmbn-cnpw Cu thZsbpw ZqX-s\bpw FXnp-Xn ap]-nbn-ep-m-hp-I.
apkven-fpsS km-{-Zm-bnI aX-aS-w temIv Cv {]Nm-c
- n-ep Fm
aXk{-Zm-b
- s
- fbpw Jp-B Xn-f
- b
- p-p. Am-lp-hn\v As-n btlmhv
As-n PK-Zo-jc
- z-\v PohnXw kan-p-Ibpw hnfnv {]mn-p-Ibpw sNph
hnizm-kn-Ifpw, Fm apl-Zv \_n, _Zvco, aplvbpo ssiJv, tbip-, ]pWymf-m, aqkm, Dssk, cma-, IrjvW, _p- XpS-n-b- Ahs krn-Is
- f hnfnv
{]mn-p-Ib
- pw, Bcm-[np-Ibpw, ]mSn-p-Ig
- vp-Ibpw, t\-hg
- n-]m-Sp-I Anp-Ibpw sNp--h Ahn-izm-kn-Ifpam-WvA-h GXv PmXnaXthjcm{-mcm-bmepw icn. {kmhn-s\-q-SmsX GXv krn-Isf hnfnv {]mn-mepw Ah
i]n-s
- ]nim-Nn-s\-bmsX hnfnv {]mnp-n Fv An-km-Av: 116-117
]d-n-p-v.
apl-Zv (In, kXy-ns Bm-hmb Imcy-) \_n-p-tijw temImh-km\whsc-bp Ime-L--n Pohn-p Fm a\p-jypap thZw JpB am{X-am-Wv. ssl-hscbpw, PqX-sc-bpw, ss{IkvX-hscbpw, apkven-sfbpw,
\nco-iz-ch
- mZnIsfbpw krn-p-Ib
- pw, \nb-{np-Ib
- pw, Ahp-thn hmbp-hpw,
sh-hpw, shfn-h
- pw, apw kwhn-[m-\n-p-Ibpw sNbvX k-{k-mhns kwkmc-amb Jp-B, apth-Z-{K---fpsS ]cn-k-am]vXn cq]hpw ap{K--sf kXys-Sp-p-X
- pw Imp-kq-n-p-Xp-am-Ip-p. Imem-Im-e
- fn hnZym-eb
-
- f
- n
sSIvv ]pkvX-I- ]cn-jvI-cn-p--Xp-t]m-se-, ASn-m\ XXzfn hyXym-kan-msX-bmWv thZ-{K---fnepw ]cn-jvI-cWw hcp-n-bn-pXv. AmsX ssl-
apJ-hpc
15
hpw ss{IkvX-hpw, apkvenpw shtsd {K- F cq]-n-e-.

Cv kaq-l-n apkven-fn-ep--Xn-t\-m IqSpX {]Ir-Xn-a-X-amb
Ckvemw \ng-en-p-Im-Wp-Xv ssl-hc
- n-epw, ss{IkvXh
- c
- n-epw, \nco-iz-ch
- m-Zn-IfnepamsWv Jp-B-\ns shfn--n a\-n-em-m-hp--Xm-Wv. apl-Zv \_n Ay{]-hm-NI
- \
- m-bX
- p-sImpw, Jp-B Ah-Xc
- nns AtX `mj-bnepw cq]-nepw
\ne-\np-Xn-\mepw C\n ]pXn-sbmcp thZ-ns Bhiyw hcp-n-. apkven
Jp-B\
- ns Bi-b
- n\nv hyXn-Ne
- n-v Ah-cpsS PohnXw ]qambpw Ccpv
Pmln-en-
- n-se-ptm C\n temIm-hk
- m\w kw`-hn-p-IbmWp-m-hp-I. AXn\p-apmbn, apkven-fm kzmhpw hnIehp-ambn Ah-X-cnnsSp Jp-Bs\-bpw, {Iqc\pw Xo{h-hm-Znbpambn Ah-Xc
- n-n-sSp apl-Zv \_n-sbbpw CXc
krnIv apn Jp-B\pw apl-Zv \_nbpw ktemIpw Imcp-Wy-amsW (An-bm-Av: 107, ^pJm: 1) bmYmyw ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-p--Xn-\p-thn
Cukm \_nsb Amlp `qan-bn-tev sImp-hc
- p-X
- m-W.v apkven-sfmw Cukm
\_nv apmbn hcp ako-lp-
- m-ens sIWn-bn AI-s-Sp-X
- pam-W.v Cukm
\_n hcp-tXmsS Am-lphns kXyZo\mb Ckvemw Zo (Po-hn-X-kw-ln-X)
temIv samw \S-n hcpXpw, Av Fm-hpw {km-hns ka-{Khpw
]qhpamb PohnX kcWn Ckvemw am{X-am-sWv t_m[y-amIpXpam-Wv.
AIn-Xm-_v:
kzK-n\nv Imem-Im-e--fn, a\p-jypth \nb-a-\ntZ-i-fSnb H thZw am{Xta Ah-X-cn-n-n-p-q. AXv Jp-B Xs-bm-sWv lnPv:
90-91 ]d-n-p-v. AXns icocw hnhn[ `mj-I-fn-em-sWn Bmhv (B-ibw) Hv XsbmIp-p. AXm-bXv `K-hZvKoX-bpsS icocw kwkvIr-Xhpw, Xudmns icocw lo{_phpw, Co-ens icocw Ac-am-bn-pw, Jp-B\ns icocw
Ad-_nbpamsW-n Bmhv (A-n-Iv) Hv XsbmWv. An-km-Av: 163--epw,
An-bm-Av: 105-epw ]d "k_q' Jp-B Xs-bm-Wv. krn-I-fpsS lrZ-bns `mj-bn-ep thZ-{K--ns Bi-b-n\mWv "AnIv' Fp-]-d-bp-Xv.
Bm-hns `-Wh
- pw, hkv{X-hp-am-b AnIvdmWv kzK-n\nv Fm a\p-jyscbpw ]Tn-n-n-pXv (AAvdm^v: 26). lnPv: 87- ]d Ggv kq-
- sImp
t-in-p-Xv "DpIn-Xm-_v'BsWv \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-pv. Dp In-Xm_v
Am-lp-hns ]-ep-sv AdAvZv: 39, kpKvdp^v: 4 kq--fn ]d-n-p-v.
Fm {]hm-N-Iampw Jp-B-\mWv Ah-X-cn-n-np-sX-n apl-Zv \_nv
Jp-B\pw DpIn-Xm_pw AS-nb AIn-Xm_v Xs Ah-X-cn-n--s-p.
dqlv:
a\p-jys Bmhpw Poh\pw IqSnb dqlv ico-c-n\nv ths-Sp--Xns\-bmWv acWw Fp-]-d-bp--Xv. Ddw Hcp sNdnb ac-W-am-Wv, Fm Dd-n Bmhv am{Xta th]n-cn-bp-p-q, Poh th]n-cn-bp-n-. (ABw: 60,
kpa: 42 t\mpI). An-km-Av: 171, lnPv: 29, kPZ: 9, kzmZv: 72 kq--fn,
{km-hn-s dqln\nmWv Cukm \_n-b-Sw Fma\p-jypw dqlv \In-
16
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
bXv Fp-]-d-n-p-v. \lv: 102, Ap-A-dm-Av: 193, \_-Av: 38 kq--fn,

Pn_vcoens\ dqlv Fp-]-d-n-p-v. \lv: 2, Aqd: 52 kq--fn, Jp-B\ns\ dqlv Fp-]d-
n-cn-p-p. Jp-B\
- ns Bibw AXns Bm-hpw, Aw
AXn-s Poh-\p-amsW-n, dqlv Bmhpw Poh\pw IqSnb Ien-am-m-Wv. AXv
]d-mepw Fgp-Xn-bmepw Xocp-I-bn-sv Ilv^v: 109, epJvam: 27 kq--fn
]d-n-p-v. Ckvdm-Av: 85-, \ntmSv Ah dqlns\pdnv tNmZn-m, AXv
Fs dns Iev]\
- b
- ns-XmWv, \nv Aev]amsX Adnhv \In-bn-n
Fp-]-d-bm-\mWv apl-Zv \_n-tbmSv Iev]nnpXv.
Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-wsImv "Am-lv' F kvacW \ne\nptm
am{Xta Hcp-h\v Bmhpm-hp-I-bp-q. AXn-m--h Dd--n-em-Wv, Ahv
Poh am{X-ta-bp-q. Jp-Bs Bi-b-a-dn-nv aqSn-sh-p I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I
h[n-s
- -h
- c
- m-sWv ]d-bm ImcWhpw CXpXs-bmWv (ap\m^nJq: 4, A_k:
17 t\mpI).
FmWv Jp-B?
bmko: 69 Jp-B-s\-p-dnv Amlp ]d-bpp: CsXmcp ZnIvdpw hyamb Jp-B\
- p-a
- msX asm-p-a
- . ChnsS ]cm-ain "ZnIv' JpBs Bmhpw,
Ad-_n-bn-ep sSIvv AXns ico-c-hp-am-Wv. Jp-B\ns amXmhmb (Dp
Jp-B-) "^mnl'bneqsS ASna DS-a-bp-ambn _-s-Sp-tm "Rsf \o
Ghpw sNmmb amK-n-tev amK-Zi\w sNt-Wta' Fv tNmZnpXn\v
adp-]S- n-bmbnmWv kamK-hpw, Ghpw sNmmb amK-hp-amb (A-Bw: 126) _Jd
apX Amkv hsc-bp kq-fS-nb Jp-B \Ip-Xv. 114 kqd-p-IfmWv Jp-B-\n-ep-Xv. Hcp kqd-nepw Hcp {]tXyI hnj-bw ]q-ambn ]cmain-m--Xn-\m AXn\v A[ym-b-sav ]d-bm ]n-. 6236 kq--f-S-nb
Jp-B\
- nse Hmtcm hmIy-hpw XXz-\n`-chpw kzX-{hpamb-Xn-\m AXns\ Bbv
AYhm kqw Fv hnfn-p-p. Bbv Fp-]d
-
m Zrm-w, Znhym-pXw,
sXfnhv Fsmw Bi-b-ap-v. AYhm JpBs Hmtcm kqhpw Hmtcm Zrm-am-Wv.
t{ImUo-IcWw:
Pn_vco hv, \_n(k)bpsS lrZ-b
- n-tev Jp-B Cp-sIm-Sp-p-Ibpw
Fgppw hmb-\bpw Adnbm \_n, Fgppw hmb-\bpw Adn-bp A\p-bm-bn-ItfmSv: CXv C-bn kqd-n Fgp-Xn-sh-Wsav Bhiys-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXX\p-kc
- nv Ah Fgp-Xn-sh-p. Nne k`-f
- n Hcp kqdv sam-ambpw Cd-nbn-p-v. Fm hjhpw Jp-B Cd-nb amk-amb dafm\n Pn_vco apl-Zv
\_n-sb-smv Jp-B ]mcmbWw sNnnp tIpam-bn-cp-p. A{]Imcw
\_n-bpsS Pohn-X-ns Ah-km\ hj-nse da-fm-\n cp {]mhiyw
\_nsbsmv ]mcmbWw sNn-nv tIp-I-bp-mbn. \_n-bpsS Pohn-Xmhkm-\-Im-ev I-{]-hm-N-I-\mb "apssk-en-a-p Im-_n's t\Xr-Xz-n aX]-cn-Xym-Kn-I DS-se-Sp-p-I-bpw, Hmw Jeo^ A_q-_ (d)s Imev Ah-cp-
apJ-hpc
17
ambn bpw \S-p-I-bp-ap-mbn. Cu bp-n Jp-B a\-:]mTamnb Iptd

A\p-bm-bnI c-km-nIfm-bn. Jp-B {K-cq-]-n kqn-m--]w
AXv \-sv t]mtbptamsb `bm, Da (d)-s t{]c-Wb
- \pkcnv, A_q_-
- (d)s ImemWv Jp-B {K-cq-]
- n t{ImUo-Ic
- n-Xv. Fgp-p-Im-c\mb sskZp_v\v Ym_nns t\Xr-Xz-n Jp-B a\:]mT-am-n-bh
- scsbmw
Hcp-an-p-IqpIbpw XpI-ep-If
- n-epw, Hme-Ifnepw, Fp-If
- nepw Fgp-Xn-sh-n-p-s
- Xmw
Hp-t\mnbpamWv Cv ImWp cq]-n-ep Jp-B-s Hmw ]Xnv cq]wsIm-Xv. B ]Xnv \_n-bpsS ]Xv\n l^vk (d)bpsS In kqn-m G]np-I-bpw, ap--hcpsS In-ep Jp-B enJn-X- Cu ]Xn-pambn Hpt\mn Dd-p-h-cpp-Ibpw sNbvXp. {ItaW Ckvemw hnhn[ \mSp-I-fn-tev {]Ncn--tm Jp-B\ns IqSp-X ]XnpI Bh-iy-ambnhp. As\ Dkvam
(d)s Imev Fv ]XnpI FSpv hnhn[ \mSp-I-fn-tev Fn-p-sIm-Sp-pIbpmbn. ]pXnb \mSp-I-fnse `mj-I hyXym-k-s-Sp-tm Jp-B-\ns ]mcmbWn amwhv Bi-b-sm-cpw \-s-Sm-Xn-cn-m ]mcm-bW \nb-a-fpw
Dm-n. Jznbma: 16-19 kq--fn Amlp ]d-bpp: Cu Jp-B hi-mp-X
- n\v thn \o \mhn-S- n-t-X
- n-. \psS _m[y-Xb
- mWv AXv t{ImUo-Ic
- nepw, ]ns AXv HmXn-tnpXc-epw. Atm \mw \n\Xv (Pn_vco aptJ\)
]mcm-bWw sNbvXpXm, B ]mcm-b-W-amWv \o ]n]-t--Xv. ]ns AXns\
hni-Zo-Ic
- nv Xcepw \psS _m[y-X Xs-bm-Wv. Xzmlm: 114 Amlp ]dbpp:
\n\-p Znhy-ktiw ]qn-bm-Ip-X
- n-\p-apv Cu Jp-B hi-m-p Imcyn \o [rXn-s-Scp-Xv, Fs \mYm, F\nv \o Adnhv hn-n-p-X-cnI Fv \o
{]mn-p-Ibpw sNpI. lnPv: 9, \nbw ZnIv (Jp-B-\ns Bm-hv)
\mamWv Cd-n-b-Xv, \mw Xs AXns\ kqn-p-Ibpw sNp--XmWv Fp-]-dnpv. Atm Jp-B ]mcm-bWw sNt--Xpw, Bibw ]Tn-t-Xpw,
]Tn-n-t-Xp-samw AXv t{ImUo-I-cn {Ia-n _Jd apX Xmtgm-v Xsbm-Wv. CXn\v hncp-ambn Jp-B-\ns Ah-km-\-`m-K-amb "A' Ppkv-Av apX
]Tn-p-Ibpw ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNp--h X-s-bmWv \_n (k) ZoL-hoWw
sNbvX, Ben-Cw-dm: 10- ]d Im^n-dp-I.
An-Iv (Jp-B-\ns Bm-hv):
a\p-jy ico-chpw Bmhpw tN-XmWv FXp-t]mse, JpB\pw icochpw Bmhpw tN-Xm-Wv. \lv: 43, An-bm-Av: 7 kq-f
- n Amlp ]dbpp: Atm \nv Adn-hn-s-n th-Z-ns Bm-h-dn-bp (B-i-bw)
Bfp-It- fmSv tNmZn-p-t\m-p-I. thZ-ns Bmhmb Jp-B\
- ns Bibw XsbmWv "AnIv'Fpw, AXv am{Xta BZyw apX Ayw-hsc Ah-X-cn-npqshpw \lv: 44, An-bm-Av: 24, ^pkzn-e-v: 41-43 kq--fn ]d-n-p
v. Jp-B-\ns ico-cs Imem-Imew \ne-\np-sav Amlp ]d-n-n-,
adnv Bm-hmb ZnIvdns\ \ne-\np-sa-mWv ]d-n-pXv (ln-Pv: 9). JpB-\n AXv t{ImUo-I-cn-p--Xn\v aptm ti-jtam anYy IS-p-Iq-Sp-I-bn-s-pw,
18
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
AXv AXp-ey-am-b, AP-a

- mb, Xmc-Xa
- y-an-m Hm-sW-pw, bpn-\
- pw, kzbw
kvXpXyl-\p-am-b-h-\n\nv Cd--s--Xm-sWpw ^pkzn-e-v: 42- ]d-n-pv. kzmZv: 8, \psS CS-bn At-l-n-\mtWm (ap-l-Zv \_n-v) Cu ZnIv
Cd--s--Xv? A; Ah ZnIvdns Imcy-n Xocm kwi-b-n-em-Wv Fv
\ntj-[n-Isfpdnv ]d-n-p-v. Cu kq-nsebpw Xzmlm: 14,124-, Ilv^v: 101
kq-f
- n-sebpw "AnIvcn' sImp-t-in-p-Xv Jp-B\ns Bibw am{X-am-Wv.
A-Bw: 90, AAvdm^v: 2, lqZv: 120, ^Pv: 23 XpS-nb kq--fnse "AnIvdm'
sImp-t-in-p-Xpw Jp-B\ns Bi-ba
- m-Wv. Jp-B\
- n Npcp-nbXv 100Hmfw
e--fn AnIv F]Zw hn-p-v, Ahn-sS-sbmw Am-lp-hns kvacW
\ne-\nm-\p GI D]m-[n-bmb Jp-B\ns lrZ-b-ns `mj-bnep BibamWv AnIv. Xzmlm: 14-, Fs kvacW AYhm Jp-B\n-s- B-ibw \ne\nm \a-kvImcw \ne-\npI FmWv I]nn-p-X
- v. AI-_q-v: 45,
]c-a-{]-[m\w Am-lp-hn-s- kva-cW AYhm Jp-B\ns Bibw XsbmWv
Fp-]-d-n-p-v. ap\m-^nJq: 9, hnizm-kn-Isf hnfnv Amlp ]d-bp-p:
\n-fpsS ktm km-\tfm Jp-B\ns Bi-bssmv \nsf XSb-cp-Xv. As\bmsc-nepw {]hnm Atm Aq Xs-bmWv PohnXw
\jvS-s--h. ChnsS ZnIv Jp-B\ns Bibw am{X-am-Wv. ImcWw "Amlv'
F kvac-W- Fhn-sS-bm-bn-cn-p-tmgpw BIm-hp--Xm-Wv. Fm ap\m-^n-Jq:
9 ]d ZnIv sImp-t-iyw, Jp-B\ns Bibw hni-Zo-Ic
- n-p kZmWv.
AYhm PpapA: 9 ]d JpXp-_-bm-Wv. JpXp_ JpB\ns Bibw hni-ZoI-cn-p kZ-m-bn-cn--Ww. bmko: 10-11 kq--fn, Ah-cpsS Imcy-n
\o ap-dn-bnv \Ip--Xpw, \Im-Xn-cn-p-Xpw ka-am-Wv, Ah hniz-kn-p-Ibn. \nbw Jp-B\ns Bibw ]n]-p-h
- pw ]c-aI
- m-cp-Wn-Is
- \ ImWmsX
Iv (Jp-B\ns Bi-b-nIv) `b-s-Sp--hpw am{X-amWv \ns
DW D]-Im-c-s-SpI, Atm Ah\v ]m]-tam-N-\-hpw, am\y-amb {]Xn-êhpwsImv ktm-j-hm Adn-bn-pI Fp-]-d-n-p-v. kpKvdp^v: 44-,
CXv \n\pw \ns P\-X-p-ap Hcp ZnIvdm-Wv, \n- AXn-s\-p-dnv tNmZyw
sN-s-SpIXs sNp-sav ]d-n-p-v. Jp-B\n hgn-p-h-gn-bmbn Hcp
Imcyhpw ]d-n-n-. AXp-sImv Xs Jp-B\ns samw Bi-b-a-dn-b
\n_-a
- m-Wv.
XZvIndx (Sn-
- v):
\n-bw, samw Jp-B\ns Bibw X-fpsS \mY-\n-te-v Fn-s-Sm\p-t-in-p--hv Hcp Sn-m-sWv Ckm: 29, apk-n: 19 kq--fnepw,
Fm Jp-B ]n]-p ap-Jo- am{Xta AXv Sn-mbn D]-tbm-K-s-Spp-Ib
- p-q-shv AlmJ: 48-epw ]d-n-p-v. BmtWm kXyw (Jp-B)
hp-In-pI-bpw, AXns\ kXy-s-Sp-p-Ibpw sNbvX-Xv, Aq- am{XamWv apJo-s
- fv kpa: 33-epw, knwl-K\w tIv hnc-tmSp Imp-Ig- p-XI
- s
- f-tmse
\ntj-[n-I Jp-B\
- ns Bi-ba
- mb "XZvIn-d'-bn\nv AI-p-t]m-Ip-sav apkn:
apJ-hpc
19
49- 51epw ]d- n- p- v. \n- b w, ]nim- N p- JpB\ns Bi- b w

tIpXn\nv AI--s--h- XsbmsWv Ap-A-dm-Av: 212-epw ]d-np-v.
lpZm (amK-Zi\w):
_Jd: 38-, kzK-n\nv Fm a\p-jy-scbpw `qan-bn-tev \ntbm-Kn-b-p-tm Amlp ]dp: Fn \np lpZm (amK-Zi\w) \nv
hp-In-n-bm, BcmtWm AXns\ ]n]-p-Xv AhcpsS-ta `b-s-Smt\m Ahv
ZpxJn-mt\m CS-h-cn-I-bn-. Fm-epw Am-lp-hn\nv hn-p GI
{KamWv B lpZm (_Jd: 2,213, B-en-Cw-dm: 34). Cv samw a\p-jyv
lpZm _Jd: 185- ]d kXym-kXyhnth-N\ am\-Z-WvU-amb (^pJm),
kamKw apgp-h hni-Zo-I-cn-n-p Jp-B am{X-am-Wv. C_vdmlow: 1 Amlp ]d-bpp: \n\v \mw Cu {K-an-d-n-b-Xv, CXp-sImv a\p-jysc Ah-c-h-cpsS
DS-a-bpsS kX-tm-Sp-IqSn A-Im-c--fn\nv {]Im-i-n-tev ]pd-s-Sp-hnp-X
- n\v thn-bmWv. Jp-B hnizm-kn-Iv kamKhpw Imcp-WyhpamsWv
AAvdm^v: 52,203, \lv: 64 XpS-nb kq--fn ]d-n-p-v. samw a\pjyv "lpZm'Bbn-mWv JpB Ah-X-cn-n-n-p--sX-nepw hnizm-kn-I am{XamWv AXv kamK-ambn kzoI-cn-p-I (^pkzn-e
- v: 44 t\mp-I). "lpZm hp-InpI' F \n_--\-bp--Xn-\m Jp-B Inm Hcp P\-Xsb Amlp innp-I-bn-. \mw Hcp {]hm-N-Is\ \ntbm-Kn-pXphsc inn-p-h\m-hp-I-bnsv Ckvdm-Av: 15- ]d-n-p-v. (ABw: 155-157 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
^pJm (k-Xym-kXyhnth-N\ am\-ZW
- vUw):
_Jd: 185--epw, ^pJm: 1-epw, samw temIv amK-Zi-\-hpw,
kXymkXy hnth-N\ am\-Z-WvU-hp-ambnsm-mWv Jp-B Ah-X-cn-n-n-p-sXv ]d-n-p-v. AYhm kXyhpw Ak-Xy-hpw, [hpw A[-hpw, \oXnbpw
A\o-Xn-bpw, kzK-n-te-p GI-h-gn-bpw, \c-I-n-te-p hnhn[ hgn-I-fpw,
Pohn-X-ns apgp-h taJ-e-I-fnepw Xncn--dn-bm-\p Dc--mWv Jp-B-\n-s
samw Bi-b-amb ^pJm.
_bm (hn-iZ- o-Ic
- W
- w):
Ben-Cw-dm: 138-, CXv samw a\p-jyp _bm\pw ({]Jy-m]-\w),
ap-Jo-v kamKhpw k-Zp-]-tZ-ihp(auC-f-v)am-Ip-p Fpw, Jznbma:
19, ]ns \psS _m[y-X-bmWv AXv hni-Zo-I-cn-pXc Fpw ]-d-n-p-v.
\_n (k)v Cu Jp-B am{X-a, tcJsSp-m Znhy-k-tiw thsdbpw e`nn-pv. A-Pvav: 34 kq-f
- n, Atlw tZtl-b
- \
- p-kc
- nv {]Xn-ê
- nn-p-Ibn, CXv At-l
- n\v Znhyt_m[-\a
- mbn e`np Znhy-kt- -ia
-
- m-sX-b Fp]-d-n-p-v. Atm Jp-B-\ns hni-Zo-I-c-W-amb, \_n-bpsS PohnXhpw \_nh-N-\-fpw Am-lp-hn-s ]\npXv Xs-bm-Wv. Fm Jp-B-\ns
Hcp]Zw \ymbo-I-cn-m Hcp \_n-h-N-\hpw FSp--cp-sXv An-km-Av: 64-
I]n- n- pv . Amlp ]d- b pp: \mw Hcp {]hm- N - I - s \bpw Ab- n- n- ,
20
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
Amlphns thp-I-sImv A\p-k-cn--s-Sm-\-m-sX. ChnsS Am-lp-hns

thpIsImv Fp-]-d--Xns hnh-, Am-lp-hns kwkm-c-amb Jp-B\ns ]Zw \ymbo-I-cn-m Hcp \_-nh-N-\hpw kzoI-cn--cpXv Fm-Wv. ImcWw
AXv a\p-jy-n-im-Np- \_n-bp-sS-ta sIn--a--Xm-bn-cn-pw. AAvdm^v: 203-
\_n-tbmSv Amlp ]d-bm Iev]n-pp: \n-b-w, Rm ]n]-p-Xv, F\nv
Fs \mY-\n\nv Znhy-k-t-i-ambn e`n-Xv am{X-am-Wv. \lv: 89- Amlp
]d-bp-p: Fm-Im-cyhpw hni-Zo-Ic
- n-n-p Cu {Kw \n\v Cd-n. AXv kkzw
Am-lp-hn\v ka]n-v Pohn-p--hv, kamKhpw Imcp-Wyhpw ip`-hm-Zmb-I-hp-am-Wv. {K-n HpwXs hni-Zo-I-cnmsX hnn-n-sv A-Bw: 38epw ]d-n-p-v. \nbw, Cu {K-n \mw a\p-jyv thn Fm D]aIfpw D-Zm-l-c-W-fpw hni-Zo-I-cn-n-p-sv Ckvdm-Av: 41, Ilv^v: 54, Adqw: 58,
kpa: 27 XpS-nb kq-f
- nsemw ]d-n-p-v. BIm-i`
- q-an-If
- neptXm Ahbn kw`hn-p--tXm Bb HpwXs {XnIm-e-m-\n-bmb Amlp Hcp hyamb {K-n tcJ-s-Sp-m-sX-bn Fv Xu_: 51, bq\p-kv: 61, lqZv: 6, k_-Av:
3, ^mXzn: 11, lZo-Zv: 22, XKm-_p: 11 kq--fn-semw ]d-n-p-v. ^mXzn: 14
, Fmw hebwsNbvX Hcp {XnIm-e-m-\n-b-msX \ntmSv CXp-t]m-ep Hcp
hrmw ]dbp-I-bn Fp-w, ^pJm: 59-, {XnIm-e-m\nbmb Am-lp-hns\-p-dnv, {XnIm-e-m\amb Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-a-dn-bp--h-tcmSv \o tNmZn--pI
Fpw ]d-n-p-v. aokm ({Xm-kv), lJv (k-Xyw):
Aqd: 17, lZo-Zv: 25 XpS-nb kq-f
- n, Amlp {Xm-kmb {Kw kXytm-Sp-IqSn Cd-n-sbv ]d-n-p-v. hnizm-kn-I GsXmcp-Im-cyhpw {Xm-kmb
JpBsImv Xqn-t\mn hne-bn-cpm\pw, Fm- Im-cy-nepw {Xmkmb JpB-\ns \oXn]men-m\pw I]n-s-n-cn-pp. {Xm-kmb Jp-BsImv hyn
Pohn-X-n-epw, IpSpw_ Pohn-X-n-epw, kaql Pohn-X-nepw hn[nI]n-m-h Xs-bmWv Im^n-dp-If
- pw, A{I-an-If
- pw, [nm-cn-If
- p-sav bYm-{Iaw amCZ: 44,45,47
kq--fn ]d-n-p-v. Atbm a\p-jytc, \n-fpsS DS-a-bmb \mY\n\np lJv (k-Xyw) \nbw \nv hp-I-gn-n-cn-p-p. Atm
B AXp-]-tbm-Knv kamKw kzoI-cn-p-pthm, Ah Ahs\ kamK-nte-m-n. BcmtWm Ah\hs\ hgn-tI-Sn-em-n-bXv, Atm \nbw B hgn-tISns tZmjhpw Ah\p Xs. Rm \n-fpsS ssIIm-cy-Im-hmb ho-semp-a
- Fv \_n-tbmSv ]dbm bq\pkv: 108- I]n-n-p-v. hn[n-Zn-hkw lJmb,
{Xmkmb Jp-B-\n\v am{X-amWv Xq-ap--sXv AAvdm^v: 89 kq--fnepw,
]ctem-Iv hn[n-Iev]n-pI lJmb Jp-BsIm-m-sWv kpa: 69,75 kq-fnepw, sFln-I-tem-I-p-shv a\p-jy `nn-n-p hnj-b--fn Xocp-am\w
Iev]n-m-\-msX JpB \n\v Ah-X-cn-n-n-n-sv \lv: 64-epw ]d-n-p
v. hnizm-kn-I am{Xta Cl-tem-I-p-shv Jp-BsImv hn[n-Iev]n-p-I-bpq. Ah ac-Ww-hsc {km-hn-\p-thn am{Xw Pohn-p Ahs {]nXn\n-[n-I-
apJ-hpc
21
fp-am-Wv (lnPv: 99 t\mpI). AlmJ: 51- ]d "Dd-mb kXyw-sImv'

XfpsS ]cy-h-km\w kzK-n-em-sWv Dd-p-h-cp-p--hcpamWh.
JnkvXzv (\o-Xn)-:
amCZ: 8 hnizm-kn-Isf hnfn-v: \n Am-lp-hn-\p-thn Dd-p-\n-es
- Imp-h
- c
- pw, \oXnsImv kmywhln-p-h
- c
- p-am-Ip-hn Fp-]d
-
X
- ns hnh, \n Jp-BsImv kmyw-hl
- n-phn Fm-W.v An-km-A:v 135, lZoZv:
25 XpS-nb kq-f
- n-semw ]d "Jnkvzv' sImp-tiyw Jp-B\
- ns Bibw Xs-bm-Wv. amCZ: 42, lpP-dmv: 9, apwX-ln\: 8 Fo kq-fpw Ah-km\n-p-Xv \nbw Amlp apJvkn-Xzo-sf (Jp-BsImv \oXn I]np-hsc) C-s-Sppsh Bi-b
- nem-W.v (Alv: 90 Iqn-hm-bn-pI). CkvdmAv:
35-epw Ap-A-dm-Av: 182-epw \n "JnkvXmkp- apkvJow' sImv XqpI
Fp-]-dXv kzndm-p apkvX-Jo-amb \oXn-bpsS Xpem-kp-sImv (Jp-B)
XqpI Fv XsbmWv. AYhm Jp-B kq-\p-kc
- nv Ah-ch
- s
- cbpw
aph-scbpw Xmc-X-ay-s-SpnbmWv Ah kXyntem Ak-Xy-ntemsbv
a\-n-em-t-X
- v.
_kzm-C (Dm-gvNZ- m-bI
- w):
A-Bw: 104, AAvdm^v: 203, Pmknb: 20 kq-f
- n, Jp-B\
- ns Bibw
samw a\p-jyv Dm-gvN-Zm-b-I-am-sW-pw, Bsc-nepw AXv D]-tbm-K-s-Spn-bm AXns KpWw Ah\p Xs-bm-Wv, Bsc-nepw AXpsIms AX
\Sn-m AXns tZmjhpw B Bm-hn\v Xs-bm-Wv F-pw ]d-n-p-v. Hmtcm
Bmhn\pw (BWn\pw s]n\pw) Ah-cpsS \mfs Ccn-nSw kzK-n-emtWm
\c-I-n-em-tWm-sbv ImWn-p-sIm-Sp-p--XmWv _kzm-C. acnp ka-bv
apJ-{]-k
- X
- t- bmsS Am-lp-hn-s\-bmtWm AX ZpxJ-tmsS ]nim-Nn-s\-bmtWm
ImWp-Isbv (Jzn-bma: 22-24) apIqn -Im-Wnp sImSp-p D]-I-c-WhpamWXv.
_kzm-Cdmb Jp-B-\ns Bibw D]-tbm-K-s-Spn \cI-nse inm ItTm-c-fpw, kzK-nse A\p-{Klm\p`q-Xn-Ifpw a\-n-emn Hmtcm-cp-cpw kzKw
ChnsS ]Wn-tb-X
- m-W.v Cu _kzmCsIms In\v A-Xb
- p-h
- \c-In
Ipn-\n-db
- vs
- -Sp-sav AAvdm^v: 179- ]d-n- pv. Ilv^v: 100-101 t\mpI.
_plm (sX-fn-hv):
An-km-Av: 174-175, Amlp a\p-jysc hnfnv ]d-bpp: \n-bw, \nfpsS \mY-\n \np _plm\pw, hy-amb {]Im-ihpamb Jp-B \nv
hp-Inn. Atm BcmtWm Jp-B kan-p Am-lp-hn-s\-smv hnizkn-p-I-bpw, JpB\ns\ apdp-sI-n-Sn-p-Ibpw sNbvXXv, Ah Ah-\n \np
HuZm-cy-nepw Imcp-Wy-nepw {]th-in-n--s-Sp-Xpw, GwsNmmb Am-lp
hns amK-n-tev amK-Zi\w sNsSp-Xpam-Wv. Ben-Cw-dm: 101-,
BcmtWm Am-lp-hns\ apdp-sI-n-Sn--Xv, \n-bw, Ah Ghpw sNmmb amKnembn--gnp Fp-]-d-n-p-v. Am-lp-hns\ apdp-sI-n-Sn-pI Fp-]-dm, JpB\m-Ip Am-lp-hns ]mis apdp-sI-n-Sn--em-Wv. Atm
22
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
GsXmcp hnj-b-n\pw JpB\n\np Hcp]Zw sXfn-hmbn D-cn-m

km[np-hv am{Xta hnNm-cW\mfn Jp-B A\p-Iq-e-ambn hmZn-p-I-bpw,
kmn- \np-I-bp-ap-q. Jkz-kv: 75, Fm kap-Zm-b
- fn-\npw \mw Hmtcm
kmn-Isf sImp-h-v, Ah-tcmSv \n-fpsS sXfn-hp-I \nc-p-I Fp]d-bpXm-Wv. Atm \nbw bmYmyw Am-lp-hn\p am{X-am-Ipp Fh Adn
bpw. Jp-B\ns ASn-m-\-n-e-m-sX Ah sIn--a--sXmw Ahscsmv
hgn-am-dn-tmhp-Ibpw sNp-XmWv Fp-]-d-n-p-v. An-bm-Av: 24-, Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n\v _plm, lJv, ZnIv Fo aqv t]cp-Ifpw ]d-n-p-v.
_Jd: 111 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Aq ({]-Im-iw):
Aq: 35-, Amlp BIm-i-`q-an-I-fpsS {]Im-i-am-sWv ]d-n-p-v.
amCZ: 15-16, \n-bw, \nv Am-lp-hn\nv hy-amb {]Im-ia
- mb {Kw
hp-I-gnp, AXp-sImv Ahs Xr]vXn ]n]-n-b-hsc, Fm taJ-e-I-fnepw
c-bpsS amK-ntev \bn-p-I-bpw, Ahs thp-I-tbm-Sp-IqSn Ahsc
AImcfn\nv {]Im-i
- n-tev ]pd-s-Sp-hn-p-Ib
- pw, Ghpw sNmmb amKn-tev \bn-p-Ibpw sNp-X
- m-Wv Fp-]d
-
n-p-v. AAvdm^v: 157, A-Km_p: 8 kq-f
- n, BcmtWm apl-Zv \_nbn hniz-kn-p-Ib
- pw, At-ls
in-s-Sp-p-Ib
- pw, klm-bn-p-Ib
- pw, At-lt- m-sSmw Cd-s
- {]Im-is
]n]-p-Ibpw sNp--Xv, Aq- am{X-amWv hnPbwhcn-pI Fp]d-n-p-v.
Am-lphpw Jp-B\pw {]Im-i-ambXn-\m, Am-lp-hn-tev Fn-s-Sm JpB\mIp {]Imiw ]qn-bm-pI Xs thWw. A-Im-c
- f
- n Xn-S- b
- msX
Jp-B-\m-Ip {]Im-i-ap-]-tbm-K-s-Spn Pohn-p--h-cmWv Am-lp-hns {]Xn\n-[n-I. hnizm-kn-If
- psS Ftm-gp-ap {]m\: "R-fpsS {]Imiw Rv
\o ]qn-bm-n-t- c-Wt- a, Rv \o s]mdp-pXcnIbpw sNt-tW-ta, \nbw
\o Fm- Im-cy-n\pw Ign-hp k-i- Xs-btm', Fm-bn-cn-p-sav
Xlvcow: 8 ]d-n-p-v. Jp-B-\m-Ip {]ImiwsImv Al-m-cw, Akq-b,
Xt]m-cn-a XpS-nb ss]im-NnI kz`m-h
- s
- f-sbmw Icn-p-If
- v kzK-n-tev
(A-m-lp-hn-tev) Xs Xncn-p-t]m-IemWv Pohn-Xe
-
- yw. I]-Sh
- n-izm-kn-I JpB-\m-Ip {]Im-is DuXn-s-Sp-m {ian-p-h
- c
- m-sWpw, Fm Amlp
Ahs {]Im-is ]qn-bm-pI Xs sNp-sapw Xu_: 32, kz^v^v: 8
kq-fnepw ]d-n-p-v. I]-Sh
- n-izm-kn-If
- mb ]pcp-jamcpw kv{XoIfpw \msf
hnizm-kn-It- fmSv {]Imiw tNmZn-p-X
- m-sWv lZoZv: 13 ]d-n-p-v. Am-lphns\smpw, Ahs ZqXam-sc-smpw hniz-kn-h
- Xs-bmWv Jp-B\
- ns\
kXy-s-Sp-n-b-h-cpw Jp-B-\ns kmn-I-fp-sapw, Ahv Ah-cpsS \mYs
ASp- {]Xn-^-e-hpw {]Im-i-hp-ap-spw BcmtWm Jp-B-\ns\ aqSn-sh-p-Ibpw Xn-d- b
- p-Ibpw sNbvXX
- ,v Aq- Xs-bmWv \c-I
- ns kl-hm-kn-Is
- fpw
lZoZv: 19-epw ]d-n-p-v. Jp-Bs Bi-bn\v shfnw \Ip {]Im-i
{K-sav lv: 8-epw, epJvam: 20-epw ]d--npv.
apJ-hpc
23
imlnZv (km-n):
lqZv: 17-, Atm Hcp-h Xs \mY-\n \np sXfn-hn-em-Wv, At-ln\v Ah-\n \np Hcp kmnsb Xnem-hv sNbvXp-sIm-Sp-p-p-ap-v, B
kmnpapv Camapw Imcp-Wy-hp-amb aqkm-bpsS {K-hp-ap-v. Aq- AXn
hniz-kn-p-p. kwL--fn\nv Bsc-nepw AXns\ aqSnsh-p-I-bm-sW-n,
Ah-tcmSv hmKvZw sNbvXn-p-Xv \c-IamIp-p. AXpsImv \o AXns Imcyn kwi-bm-ep-hm-I-cp-Xv. \n-bw, AXv \ns \mY\n\np kXyw Xsbm-Wv. Fm P\--fn A[n-I-t]cpw hniz-kn-p-I-bn-. BcmtWm Jp-B\ns Bibw aqSn-sh--Xv, Atm Aq- Xs-bmWv Fmw \-s--h Fv
_Jd: 121-epw, kmn-bmb Jp-B aqSn-sh-h
- Ghpw henb A{I-an-bm-sWv
_Jd: 140-epw ]d-n-p-v. _Jd: 147, Ben-Cw-dm: 60 kq--fn, kXyw (l
Jv) \ns \mY-\n\np--Xm-Wv, Atm \o kwi-bm-ep--fn s]p-t]m-I-cpsXv ]d-n-p-v. ABw: 19-, Am-lphpw Jp-B\pw Xs-bmWv Ghpw
henbkmn Fp-]-d-n-p-v. Jp-B A\p-Iq-e-am-bpw, {]Xn-Iq-e-ambpw
kmywhln-p-sav \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. BcmtWm Jp-B ]mcmbWw
sNbvXv AXn\v hncp--amb PohnXw \bn--Xv, AhsXn-cm-bpw, BcmtWm JpBs\ kmy-s-Spn PohnXw \bn--Xv, Ahv A\p-Iq-e-ambpw Jp-B hmZnp-I-bpw, kmn \np-Ibpw sNp--Xm-Wv. apl-Zv \_n-bpsS Pohn-Xw JpB-\m-bn-cp-p. AXn-\m hnizm-kn-I Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n\nv apl-Zv
\_nsb Iv, B PohnXw P\-v kmys-Sp--W-sav _Jd: 143,- lv:
78 kq--fn ]d--npv.
lnIvav (X-Xz-m-\w):
kqd: \lv: 125- lnIva-p-sIm-pw, Ghpw \ kZp-]-tZ-iw-sImpw
\o \ns \mY-s amK-n-tev P\-sf Wn-p-I Fp-]d-
X
- nse lnIvav
Jp-B-\nse XXz-\n`-c-amb kq--fm-Wv. lqZv: 1, XXz-\n`-c-amb kq--fS-nb Hcp {K-am-Ipp CXv, ]ns AXv kv]-hp-am-Wv. bpn-m\nbpw
{XnIm-e-m-\nbpamb- Hcph-\n\nmWv Cu {Kw Ah-Xcn-n-p--Xv Fpw,
bmko: 2, XXz-\n`-c-amb JpB\p-amWv kXysapw, Ben-Cw-dm: 58-,
{]hm-NI
- t- c, CsXmw \mw \ns tInpsImn-cn-p kqfpw XXz-\n`c-amb lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn-ep- A\p-kva-c-W-hp-amIpp Fpw ]d-n-p-v.
JpB kq- {Ia-n Iqn-tbm-Pn-nv a\-n-em-p-X
- n-\p Ign-hn-\mWv
"lnIvav' Fp-]d- b
- p-X
- .v _Jd: 269-, BmtWm "lnIvav' e`n-X
- ,v Ahv
hn t\w e`np Fp-]-d-n-p-v. C_vdmlow \_n Cu lnIva-n\v thn
{]mn-n-cp--Xmbn Ap-A-dm-Av: 83- ]d-n-p-v. epJvam\v lnIvav \Inbn-p-s-pw, AXv Am-lp-hn\v \n-{]-IS- n-n-m thn-bm-sWpw kqd: epJvam:
12- ]d-n-p-v. Ckvdm-Av: 23-38 kq--fn XXz-\n`-c-amb hn[n-hn-e-p-I
]d--Xn-\p-tijw 39- ]d-bpp: AsXmamWv \ns \mY-\n\np lnIvan\nv (X-Xz-m-\-n\n-v) \n\v Znhy-k-t-i-ambn e`n-n-p--Xv. AXv
24
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
Am-lp-hn-t\msSmw asm-cmsf \o Cem-lmbn sXsc-s-Sp-m-Xn-cn-m-\m-Wv.

AYhm \o As\ sXsc-s-Sp-p-Ib
- m-sW-n A[n-n-]vX\pw ImcpWyw hne-s--h-\p-ambn \c-I-Kn Fdn-b-s-Sp--Xpam-Wv.
auC-fv (k-Zp-]-tZ-iw):
kqd: bq\pkv: 57-, Hm a\p-jytc, \nv \n-fpsS \mY-\n\np
D]-tZiw hpIgn-p. AXv \n-fpsS s\p-I-fn-ep kwi-b-v ia-\-hp-w
hnizm-kn-I-Xv kamKhpw Imcp-Wy-hp-am-Wv Fp-]-d-n-pv. _Jd: 66-,
B kw`-hs (i-\n-bmgvN \mfns\ [n-cn-p-sImv ao]n-Sn-h
- sc \nyam-cmb
Ipc-p-I-fmnb kw`-hw) \mw Ah-cpsS apnepw ]nn-ep-ap--hv Hcp KpW-]mT-hpw àmv Hcp "auC-fzp'amn Fp-w, BenCw-dm: 138-, CXv (JpB) samw a\p-jyp {]Jy-m]-\-hpw, ap-Jo-v kamKhpw k-Zp-]tZ-ihp(auC-f
- v)am-Ip-p Fpw ]d-n-p-v. \n-ba
- m-bpw \mw \nv, \nfpsS app-h
- c
- psS D]-a D-Zm-lc
- W
-
- fpw ap-Jo-v kZp-]t- Z-ih
- p-amb, \psS
hyamb kq- Cd-n-g
- n-p Fv Aq: 34- ]d-n-p-v. auCfv
Fp]d-m, Bibw kv]amb XXz\n`-camb JpB kq-f
- psS kam\-amb Iev]-\-I-fpw, hntcm-[--fp-am-Wv. \lv: 125- ]d auCf-p lk-\v (Ghpw \ kZp-]-tZiw) Jp-B-\ns Bibw Xs-bm-Wv. bq\pkv: 57
]d auC-fn\v kZp-]-tZ-iw, ap-dn-bnv, XmoXv Fsmw Bibw hcp-pv. a\p-jyv sam-ap kZp-]-tZ-i-amWv Jp-Bs\nepw àm am{Xta
kZp-]-tZ-i-ambn ]cn-K-Wnv AXv ]n]-p-I-bp-q.
in^mAv (tcm-Ki
- a
- \
- w):
samw a\p-jycpsS s\p-I-pn-ep kwi-b-am-Ip tcmK-n\v i-a\-am-bn-smmWv Jp-B Cd-n-bsXv bq\pkv: 57- ]d-n-p-s-n, ^pkzne-v: 44-, Cu Jp-B hnizm-kn-Iv kamKhpw tcmK-i-a-\-hp-am-sWv ]dbm-\mWv \_n-tbmSv Iev]n-n-p-Xv. hnizm-kn-Ifm-h
- AXp-sIms A-cpw
_[n-c-cp-am-sWpw ]d-n-p-v. ]c-a-Im-cp-WnIs C-Zm-kam X-fpsS
\mYs kq- lrZ-b
- ns `mj-bn Hman-n-s
- -m AXp-sIms _[nccpw Acp-ambn hogp-I-bn-sv ^pJm: 73- ]d-n-p-v. Ckvdm-Av: 82-,
Cu Jp-B\
- n hnizm-kn-Iv tcmK-ia
- \
- h
- pw Imcp-Wy-hp-ap-s-pw, Fm A{Ian-IXv \-a-msX hn-n-pI-bn-spw ]d-n-p-v. hnizm-kn-Iv Cu
JpB Ah-cpsS hnizmkw hn-n-m CS-h-cpp-sa-v Xu_: 124 ]dn-p-s-n I]-S-hn-izmkn-IXv amen-\y-n-\pta amen-\y-a-msX hn-np-Ib
- n-smWv 125 ]d-n-pXv. (A^m: 24 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). \nbw,
Cu Jp-Bs\ aqSn-sh--h-v AsXmcp Zp:J\n-anw Xs-bm-sWv AlmJ:
50- ]d-n-p-v. Atm GsXmcp Imcy-n-ep-ap kwi-bfpw Dd-mb JpBsImv ZrV-t_m[yw hcp-n-sb-n am{Xta Hcm hnizm-kn-bm-hp-I-bp-q.
(Pm-knb: 20 t\mp-I).
dlvav (Im-cpWyw), ^fv (Hu-Zm-cyw):
apJ-hpc
25
_Jd: 105, Ben-Cw-dm: 74 kq--fn Amlp ]d-bpp: Amlp Ah\p-t-in-p--hsc Ahs Imcp-Wy-n-\pthn sXsc-s-Sp-p-p. Amlp
al-mb HuZm-cy-ap-S-b-h-\pa-tm. ChnsS ImcpWywsImpw, HuZmcywsImp-apt-in-p-Xv Jp-B-\mWv. bq\p-kv: 58-, \_n-tbmSv ]dbm Iev]npp: Amlp-hns HuZm-cywsIm-pw, Ahs Imcp-Wyw-sImpw \n DuwsImpI,
AXmWv \n Hcp-an-p-Iq-p at-Xn-t\-mfpw D-aa
- m-bn-p-X
- v. Ah \Inb
Adnhn\nv Ah-\p-t-in-X
-
- msX Hcmpw Hpw Dsm-m km[ya-sv
_Jd: 255- Amlp ]d-bpp. Atm BcmtWm lrZbwsImv Fs \mYm,
F\nv Adnhv hn-nv Xtc-Wta Fv {]mn-p-sImv Jp-B\
- ns Bibw
hmbn-p-Ibpw, tIp-Ibpw sNp-Xv, Ahv B JpB D]-Im-cs
- -Sp-X
- mWv. Jp-B-\mWv sFizcyw, AXn\ptijw Zmcn-{Zy-an-, AXpIqSmsX sFiz-cy-hpan Fv \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-pv. \lv: 64-, P\- `nn-n-p hnj-bn hn[n-I]n-m-\-msX \n\v \mw Cu {Kw Cd-n-bn-n, AXv hnizm-knI-fmb Hcp P\-Xv kamKhpw Imcp-Wyhpw Xs-bmWv Fp-w ]-d-n-p-v.
AXn\m hnizm-kn-I Chn-sS-shv Xs JpB\ns shfn--n Ah-cpsS
hnNm-cW \S-t-Xm-W.v kqd: apl-Zv: 24-, Atm Ah Cu Jp-BsImv
DuwsImv {]uV-cm-Ip-n-t, AtXm Ah-cpsS lrZ-b
- v ]qn-n-cn-p-Ib
- mtWm
Fv tNmZn-p-p. AYhm Jp-BsImv Am-lp-hns `qan-bn Xe-bp-bnsImv Ncn-p-hc
- mWv kamK-n-sev apIv: 22-e
- pw, Jp-B Inn-bnv ]nSnh-n-bn-msX \ny-cmbn Cl-n Pohnhsc apJw-Ipn \c-I
- n-tev hen-ng--s-Sp-sa-pw, Aq-cmWv hgn-]n-ghcpw, Ghpw tami-s m\-p--h
scpw Ckvdm-Av: 97-98epw, ^pJm: 34-epw ]d-n-p-v. (An-km-Av: 113 Iqnhm-bn-p-I).
Cam-w (ap-n \np--Xv):
kqd: AlvJm-^v: 9, \_n-tbmSv Amlp ]d-bm I]n-pp: Rm
{]hm-NI
- am-cn Bcw`w Ipdn-h
- \
-
- , Fs-smpw \n-sf-smpw FmWv
Amlp {]hn-m-\p-t-in-p--sXv F\nv Adn-bp-I-bp-an, F-\nv Znhy-kt-ia
- mbn e`n-X
-
- msX Rm ]n]p-p-an-, Rm hy-amsbmcp XmoXpImc\-msX am-cp-a
- . 10-, CXv Am-lp-hn \np-X
- m-Wv, Fm \n AXns\
aqSn-sh-p-p. kmn-bmb Jp-B-s\ kXys-Sp-p Hcp kmn (Xu-dm-v)
Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-IfpsS ]ep-v. Atm Ah Cu Jp-B-\n hniz-knp, Fm \n Al--cnv ]nn-cn-bp-p. \n-bw, Ccw A{I-an-I-fmb Hcp
P\-Xsb Amlp kamK-n-em-p-Ib
- nXs. 11-, Jp-B\
- ns\ aqSn-sh-p
\ntj-[n-I hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv ]d-bp-Ibpw sNpp: Cu Jp-B-\n \-bp-sn R \n-tf-m AXn-tev apI-S
- pambn-cp-p, Fm Ahv AXpsImv kamKw e`n-n-. Atm Ah Jp-B-\n-s\-pdnv CXv ]gb hymPam-sWv ]d-bp-p. (CXv Xs-bmWv Cs `qcn-] apkvenwIfpsS Jp-B-\nt\m-Sp- kao]-\-hp-sav Jp-B-\ns\ _kzm-C-dpw auC-f-p-ambn D]-tbm-K-s-
26
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
Spp--hv a\-n-em-m-hp--Xm-Wv). 12-, Cu Jp-B-\papv Camapw ImcpWy-hp-amb aqkm-bpsS {K-ap-spw, Cu {Kw AXns\ kXy-s-Sp-p--Xpw,
Ad_n `mj-bn-ep-X
- pw, A{I-an-Iv ap-dn-bnv \Ip-X
- pw, Am-lp-hns\ IpsImv Ncn-p--hv ip`hm-Zm-b-I-hp-amWv Fp-]-d-n-p-v. Ckvdm-Av: 71, hn[n-Zn-hkw Fm-hs
- cbpw Ah-cpsS Cam-an-s\bpw sImv hnNm-cW
- v hnfn-p-Xm-Wv. Atm BmtWm heXpIn {Kw Inn-b-Xv, Ah XfpsS
{Kw hmbnp-Xm-Wv, Ah-tcmSv Xcnpw A\oXn ImWn-p-I-bp-an-. 72-,
BcmtWm Cl-tem-Iv Ah-cpsS "Cam-an-'t\mSv AX \Sn--Xv, Atm Ah
IqSp-X A-\pw, kamK-n \nv ]ng--h\pw Xs-bm-bn-cn-p-sav ]dn-p-.v (_-Jd: 67 hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mp-I). J_-dnshv \ns "Camw' Bscv
tNmZn-p-tm, Jp-B- Fv Dcw ]dbm Ign-b-W-sa-n Cl-n B
Jp-B-\ns\ ]n]n Pohn-pI Xs thWw. Cl-tem-Ipshv \ns Camw
Bscv tNmZn-p-tm Jp-B-\n\pw apl-Zv \_n-pw ]Icw aZvl_ns Camap-I, kwL-S\m t\Xm- XpS-n atsXnepw krn-Isf Cam-am-sWv ]d-bp-hv ]c-tem-I-pshpw icn-bmbn Dcw ]d-bm Ign-bn-sv hfsc
hyamWv. Ckvdm-Av: 13-14 kq--fn, Fm Hmtcm a\p-jycpw AhcpsS `m-Ky\n`mKy (I-tcJ) X-fpsS ]nc-Sn-bn hln-p-p-spw, Jnbm-a-p\m-fn \mw AXns\sbmcp Xpd, {]Im-in-p ]pkvXI
- a
- mbn Ducn-sb-Spv sImSppXpw, \o \ns {]h\ {Kw hmbn-p-I, Ct-Zn\w \ns hnNm-cW \Sm \o Xs Gw aXn-bm-bh
- \tm Fv ]d-bp-X
- p-am-Wv. Ilv^v: 49, kpa: 69,
Pmknb: 28-29 kq--fn ]d {Khpw CXp Xs-bm-Wv. \_n (k) ]Tnnp: \n Jp-B-\ns\ apn \S-Ww, AXv Am-lp-hn \np--Xpw,
Ah-\n-tev Dhen-bp-X
- p-am-Wv. \n AXns\ ]nn-em-nbm, AXv \nsf
\c-I-n-tev Xnhn-Sp--Xm-Wv. AXp Xs-bmWv AI-_q-v: 45-, JpB\ns BibamWv ]c-a{- ]-[m-\s
- av ]d-X
- ns s]mcp-. Npcp-
- n BcmtWm
Ahs samw Pohn-X
- n Jp-B\
- ns Bibw IqSp-X tIp-Ib
- pw, hmbnp-Ibpw, Nnn-p-Ibpw, ap--h-cp-ambn N sNp-Ibpw sNp--Xv, Ah-cpsS
{]h-\-tcJ hmbn-m sImpXpw, {Xmkn Xqw e`n-p--Xp-am-Wv. heXp-ssI-bn {Kw e`n-p--hcpw Ah Xs-bmIpp.
apsslan (Imp-kq-n-p--Xv):
"apsslan' Fp]d-Xn\v Imp-kq-n-p-I, kwc-n-p-I, tat\mw
hln-p-I, ]cn-]m-en-p-I, ]np-W- \Ip-I- Fsmw Bi-ba
- p-v. Atm JpB AIn-Xm-_ns apsslan-\m-bn-mWv h-sXv ]d-X
- ns kmcw CXs{X:
]q-th-Z--fn-e-S-nb Fm ssZhnI in-W--fp-sSbpw kmcmwiw hnip-- JpB-\n \nn-]vX-am-bn-cn-p-p. hn-]pn hyXym-k-at\y Imem-h-km\whsc
kpc-n-X-ambn Cu Jp-B \ne-\npw. \ne-hn-ep ]q-th-Z--fn Amlp-hns kq--fpw, a\p-jy-h-N-\-fpw IqSn-p-g-n-p-s-nepw Jp-B-\ns
kmywhgn Ah Xn thXn-cnp a\-n-em-m Ign-bpw. AYhm Jp-B\ns
apJ-hpc
27
in-W-sm-v ImWp-h Am-lp-hns hN-\-hpw, Jp-B\ns A[ym-]\-sXn-cm-bn-p-s

- Xmw a\p-jy-\nnX-hp-am-Ip-p. Jp-B h-Xn\p-tijw
C\n ]qo-I{- K-
- f
- n am-ncp-e
- p-I km[y-a
- m-h
- w Jp-B Ahsb
Impkqn-p-p. liv: 23 ]cm-ain "apsslan' Am-lp-hmsW-n
amCZ: 48-se apsslan Jp-B-\m-Wv.
lZokv (h-am-\w):
Cu P\Xsp]n, Ahv Cu h-am\w icnpw {Kln-m km[n
pntm F Bi-b
- n-emWv An-km-Av: 78- Ah-km-\n-p-X
- v. 87-, Amlp, Ah-\-msX thsd Cem-ln--X-s. Ay-\m-fn Ah \nsfmh-scbpw
Hcp-an-p-Iq-pI Xs-sN-pw. AXns Imcy-n bmsXmcp kwi-b-hp-an-. Amlp-hns kwkm-c-tm kXy-k--amb kwkmcw amcptS-Xm-Wp-X-v Fp-w,
Am-lp-hn-t\-m Ghpw kXyw]d-bp--h- ]ns Bcp-v? FvAn-km-Av:
122epw ]d-n-p-v. apk-emv: 50-epw AAvdm^v: 185-epw, Atm \n Cu
h-am-\-n-\p-tijw C\n at-sXmcp h-am-\-n-emWv hniz-kn-m t]mIp-sXv tNmZn-p-p. CsXmw Am-lp-hns kq--fmWv, \mw \n\v AXv
kXy-tm-Sp-IqSn Xnem-hv sNbvXp-Xc
- n-Ib
- m-Ip-p, Atm Am-lp-hn\pw Ahs
kqpw tijw at-sXmcp h-am-\-n-emWv Ah- hniz-kn-m t]mIpXv Fv Pmknb: 6epw tNmZn-p-p. kpa: 23- Amlp, Ghpw \-ham-\amb, D]a D-Zm-l-c-W- Bhn-p-h-cp--Xp-amb kq--fp {K-an-dnsbpw Jew: 44-45, BI-bm Fsbpw Cu h-am\sbpw If-hm-p-h-s\ hntpI, Ah Adn-bm hn[-neqsS \mw Ahs\ ]Sn-]-Sn-bmbn ]nSn-IqSp-X
- m-W,v Ahv \mw Ctm kmh-Imiw \Inbn-cn-p-Ib
- m-W,v \nbw \psS
X{w i-amIp-p Fpw ]d-n-p-v.
Ghpw \ h-am\w Am-lp-hns kwkm-c-amb Jp-B Xs-bm-Wv.
\_n h
- N
- \
- a
- m-Is, AXv lZvb (Im-cy-Im-cW_-n\XoX-ambn e`n-p Jp-B\ns hni-Zo-I-cWw) B-Wv. Fm Cv Bm-hn-s\bpw ico-c-sbpw Xncn--dnbm thZ-hm-l-I \_n hN\-s lZokv Fv t] hnfnv Jp-B-\n-s\bpw
\_n hN-\-sbpw If-hm-p--Xmbn ImWmw. AYhm Jp-B a\-n-em-p-Xn\v Jp-B Xs aXn, Fm \_n hN-\-amb lZvb AXns hni-Zo-I-cWw
a\-n-em-p-X
- n-\m-Wv. DZm-lc
- W
- a
- mbn Bmhv sImp \a-kvIm-cs
- -p-dnv
Jp-B ]d-n-pv, Fm icocwIqSn ]s-Sp-p-sIm-p \akvImcw
AXns hni-Zo-I-c-W-amb \_n hN-\-n-em-Wp--Xv. JpB\ns Bibw \ne\np--Xn\v thn \a-kvImcw \ne-\npIsb-mWv Xzmlm: 14- Amlp
Iev]n-n-p-X
- v. Atm {km-hns samw krn-Ip apJ-]{- X-amb JpB-\ns Bibw hmbn-msX krn-I-fpsS apJ-]-{X- (Zn-\-]-{X-, kwLS\m {]kn-o-Ic
- W
-
- , I-imkv{X {K-, kmln-Xy-{K-
-
- , ùXnI hnZym`ym-k-n-\p {K- apX-embh) hmbn-p-h \nsI-hcpw \ntj-[n-I-fpamWv.
28
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
kpv (Ncy):
Am-lp-hns Ncy Jp-B Xs-bm-Wv. AYhm Jp-B {XnIm-e-m\n-bpsS {XnIm-e-m-\-am-Ip-p. Ckvdm-Av: 77-, \n\papv \mw Ab-n-p
kIe {]hm-N-Iam-cnepw \S-n-p \psS Ncy-bm-Wn-Xv. \psS Ncy-I-fn
bmsXmcp amhpw \o ImWp-I-bpan- Fpw, ^Xvlv: 23-, CXn\papv Ign-pt]m-bn-phcn Amlphns Ncy Xs-bm-Wn-Xv, Atm Am-lp-hns Ncy
amn-a-dn-p--Xmbn \o Is-p-I-bn- Fpw ]d-n-p-v. Alvkm_v: 61-,
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I i]n--s--h-cm-sW-pw, Ahsc Fhn-sS-sh-v, Ftm Ip-apn-bmepw ]nSn-IqSn h[n-p-I-f-bpI, Fp-]-d--Xn-\p-tijw 62-, AXv Xs-bmWv
apIgn-p-t]m-b-h-cnepw Am-lp-hns \S-]-Sn-{Iaw, Am-lphns Ncy amw
hcpp--Xmbn \o Is-p-I-bn- Fpw ]d--npv. ^mXzn: 43, Ah
`qan-bn Al--cn-p, kXys ]cm-P-b-s-Sp-p--Xn\v thn KqV-X{w {]tbmKn-p. Fm Zpjn KpV-X{- - AXns Bfp-Isfs-b
- msX _m[n-pI-bn-. Atm ]qn-Ic
- n \S-n-em-nb Am-lp-hns NcybmsX Ah C\n
FmWv Imn-cn-p--Xv? Atm Am-lp-hns Ncy amna-dnp-Xmbn \o
Is-p-Ib
- n, Am-lphns Ncy amn-sh-p-X
- mbpw \o Is-p-Ib
- n- Fp]-d-n-p-v. (A-n-km-Av: 26 t\mp-I).
Jew: 4, \nbw \o (ap-l
- Zv \_n) al-mb kz`m-h
- n Xs-bmWv
Fp-]d
-
Xn, al-mb kz`mhw sImp-t-in-pXv Jp-B\
- ns kz`m-ha
- mWv. apl-Zv \_n-bpsS kz`m-h-s-p-dnv At\z-jn--h-tcmSv Bbni (d) ]dp:
At-l-ns kz`mhw Jp-B\mWv. AXm-bXv \_n Ncy Jp-B Xs-bm-Wv.
Fm Cv apkvenwI {km-hns {Ks Ah-K-Wnv krnI cq]-s-Spnb I-imkv{X {K--sf-bmWv ]n]-p--Xv. Ghpw \ h-am-\-amb
Jp-B-\ns\ Ah-K-Wn-p-sImv, hnizm-kn-Isf]n lZokpw, kp-p-an-m--hcm-sWv ]d-bpIbmWv Ah sNp-Xv. Hcp P\X X-fpsS {]hm-N-Iam-tcmSv
A{Iaw {]hn-p-Itbm Xn-d- b
- p-Itbm sNp-Ib
- m-sW-n Ahv B tZiv
A[n-II
- mew XpS-cm Ign-bp-Ib
- n-. Hp-In Am-lp-hns in Ahsc \in-np-If
- b
- pw, As-n atsX-nepw P\X Ahsc Pbn-S-
- pw, AXp-as
- -n {]hmN-IamcpsS A\p-bm-bn-I Ahsc AXn-Pb
- n-p-X
- pamWv. Jp-Bs\ Ah-KW
- nv
Pohn-p apkvenwI-tfmSpw Am-lp-hns Ncy CXv Xs-bm-bn-cn-pw. Hcp P\X
{Ks Pohn-n-m Xm-dn-s-n AXn\v Xm-dp asmcp hn`m-Ks AhcpsS m\v sImp-h-cp-sav An-km-Av: 133-s hni-Zo-I-c-Wn ImWp-I.
cnkme-v (ktiw):
am-CZ: 67, Hm {]hm-N-Im, \ns DS-a-bmb \mY-\n\nv \n\-h-X-cn-ns-Xv \o a\p-jys-np sImSp-p-I. A{]Imcw sNbvXns-n \o
Amlphns ktiw (Iv) Fn-p-sIm-Sp-h-\m-bn-cnpIbn. a\p-jy-cpsS
D]-{Z--h-fn\nv \ns cn-p-hm-\mbn Amlp Xs aXn. \nbw, Amlp
kXy-a-dnp aqSn-sh-p- Hcp P\-Xsb kamKn-tep \bn-p-I-bn Xs
apJ-hpc
29
Fp]-d
n-p-v. \qlv \_n (A) Xs P\-Xt- bmSv Rm Fs dns ktiw
(F-gp-v) \nv Fnp Xp, Rm \n-v KpW-Imwn-bp-am-Wv, \n-fdn-bm-Xv Rm Am-lp-hn\nv Adnbp--h-\p-am-Wv Fp-]-d-Xv AAvdm^v:
62epw, lqZv \_n BZv kap-Zm-b-tmSv "Rm Fs dns ktiw \nsnp Xp, Rm \nv hniz--\mb KpW-Imw-n-bp-am-Wv Fp-]-d-Xv
AAvdm^v: 68epw ImWmw. kzmenlv \_nsb YaqZv kap-Zm-bntev \ntbm-Kn-pI-bpw, Ahv ZrjvSm--ambn HIw \Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp. B H-Is [nmc]qw Ah Adp-t- m aqp Znh-k
- n\ptij-w A-h \in-n-s
- -p. As\
Ah-cpsS Ah-in-jvS
- f
- n\nv ]nn-cnp t]mIp-tm kzmenlv \_n a\-n
]d-bp-Ib
- mWv: Hm Fs P\-ta, Rm \nv Fs dns Iv FnpXp,
Rm \n-tfmSv KpW-Imw-bp--h-\p-am-bn-cp-p. Fm \n KpW-Imw-nI-sf CjvS-s-Sp--h-cm-bn- Fp-]-d-Xv A-Avdm^v: 78-79epw, ipsF_v \_n
\in-n-s
- aZvb hmkn-If
- n\nv ]nn-cnp t]mIp-tm: Hm Fs P\ta,
Rm \nss dns ktiw Fnp Xp, Rm \n-tfmSv KpW-Imwn-bp-am-bn-cp-p, As-n Rms\-n\v \ntj-[n-If
- mb Hcp P\-Xb
- psS ta Zp:Jn
Ww? Fv a\-n ]d-Xv A-Avdm^v: 93epw ImWmw.
kzK-n\n-v, k-{k-mhns samw krn-Ip kt-i-amWv
Jp-B-\ns Bibw. AXv hmbnv a\-n-emn PohnXw Nn-s-Spn adp-]Sn
\Im-h ]nim-Nns IqsS \c-I
- n-tev t]mtI-n-hc
- pw. ùXnI Pohn-Xn
Hcp t\n-\p-X-Ip Hsc-gpv (hn-k, tPmenp \nb-a\w t]mep-h) e`n-Xv
GsXmcp `mj-bn-em-sWnepw AXv a\nem-n {]hn-m a\p-jy Pm{K-Xb
- p-h\
- m-Wv. Fm {km-hns Iv e`n-nv AXv kzbw D]-tbm-KnmXn-cn-p-Ibpw, D]-tbm-Kn-m ap--hv \Im-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp--h \n-sI--h\pw
\-s-h
- \
- p-am-bn-cn-pw.
Aam-\v (D-c-hm-Zn-w):
Alvkm-_v: 72- Amlp ]d-bpp: \n-b-am-bn-pw \mw Aam-\-ns\
BIm-i`- q-an-If
- psS t\cbpw, ]XfpsS t\scbpw shp-\o-n, Ah AXv hlnm
hnk-Xn-p-Ib
- pw, AXn-s\sm-v IpWvTnXs-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Fm a\p-jy\Xv
Gs-Sp-p. Ah Ahn-th-In-bpw, A{I-an-bpw Xs-bmbncp-p. 73, Cu Aam\mb Jp-B a\p-jys\ G]nXv Bi-b-samw Adn-nv aqSn-sh-p
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fmb ]pcp-jam-scbpw kv{XoI-sfbpw, Jp-B Inn-bnv Bibw
]Tn-m {ian-msX, Am-lp-hns\ am{Xw hnfnv {]mn-p--Xn-\v ]Icw CSbm-fam-scbpw ip]mi-m-scbpw P]np-I-bpw, Ahsc hnfnv {]mnp-Ibpw, t\-hg- n-]mSpI Ah-\
- msX Ahs krn-Iv \on-sh-p-Ibpw sNbvXv
Ahs A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i--fn ]p-tNp ]pcp-jam-scbpw kv{XoI-sfbpw
inn-m thn-bpw, hnizm-kn-If
- mb ]pcpjam-cp-sS-bpw, kv{XoI-fp-sSbpw ]m
Xm]w kzoI-cn-p--Xn\pw thn-bpamWv Fp-]-d-n-p-v. apAvan\q: 8,
hnPbwhcn- p hnizm- k n- I Ah- c psS Aam- \ - p- I fpw, DS- - S n- I fpw
30
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
Impkqnp-h-cm-sWv ]d-n-p-v. Atm hnizm-kn-I, `qan AXns

kp-e\
-
- n \ne-\nm-\p D]-Ic
- W
- a
- mb Jp-B\
- ns Bibw hmbnv PohnX-n Ign-pt]mb sXp-Ip-
- Xncn-d
- n-bp-Ib
- pw, lrZ-bw-sImv Ah-sbmw
lrZ-b-ns Ah--b-dn-bp Am-lp-hn-t\mSv Gp-]-d-bp-Ibpw sNp--Xm-Wv.
appImev Jp-B- Bi-b-ns A`m-h-m X\nv kw`-hn sXp-Ip- ap a\p-jy-v kw`-hn-m-Xn-cn-m-\pw, kw`-hn-h-cn\nv Ah \on-I-fbm\pX-Iphn[w Jp-B-\ns Bibw Ah-cn-tev Fn-m ka-bhpw
kpw, Fm A\p-{K-l
- fpw hn\n-tbm-Kn-p-X
- m-W.v AXmWv \nfn Ghpw
D-a Jp-B-\ns Bibw ]Tn-p-Ibpw, ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNp--h-\m-sWv
\_n (k) ]Tn-n--Xns s]mcpfpw.
X^vko (hym-Jym-\w):
Ah \ns ASp-tv Hcp tNmZyhpw (D]-ab
- pw)-sImv hcp-n-, AXns
bYm Dchpw, C\n Ay-\mhsc-bph AXp-t]m-ep Hcp tNmZyhpw
tNmZn-t--Xn-m hn[-n-ep Ghpw \ hymJym\hpw \mw \n\v \Inb-
- m-sX Fv ^pJm: 33- ]d-n-p-v. Atm Jp-B\
- ns hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww
\_n-bp-tS-tXm, ap hyn-If
- p-tStXm A. An-km-Av: 105, \nbw \ns-ta
\mw Cu {K-an-d-n-bXv, Amlp Dt-in--X-\p-k-cnv P\-n-S-bn hn[nIev]nm-\mWv Fp-]-d-n-p-v. Xzmlm: 114-s Iev]-\-b-\p-k-cnv Jp-B
tIm-\pw, ]d-bm-\pw, Jp-B-\n-s\-p-dnv Nnnm\pw XpS-p-tm "Fs
\mYm, F\nv Adnhv hn-nv Xtc-Wta'Fv BmhpsImv hn\o-X-\mbn
{]mnpI XsthWw. Jp-B-\ns\ hni-Zo-I-cn-t-Xv JpB kqsImpw, \_n-hN
- \
-
- sImpw Xs-bm-Wv. AXp-sImv Jp-B hni-ZoI-cn-p--h "Fs A`n-{]m-b-an-XmWv' Fv Hcn-epw ]d-bm ]mSn-sv am{X-a
, adnv Amlp Ahs krn-I-fn-eqsS hni-Zo-I-cn-p-I-bmWv. Jp-B
kqfpsS Cs kml- N - c y- nep hnhv "auC- f - p
lk\v'Fp-]-d-bp-p. AYhm Jp-B\nse kv]-amb kq--fpsS kam-\
amb Iev]-\-I-fpw, hntcm-[--fpamWv AXp-sImv Dt-in-pXv. ^pJm: 33-
]d Ghpw \ hni-Zo-I-c-W-n s]Sp--Xp-am-WXv (_Jd: 66, Ben-Cw-dm:
138).
Fn-\mWv Jp-B?
bmko: 69-, FmWv JpB Fp-]-d-n-\p-tijw 70- Amlp
]d-bpp: BmWv Poh-\pXv, Ahv ap-dn-bnv \Ip--Xn-\pw, Im^n-dp-Ifp-sS-ta \ymbw m]n-X-am-Ip--Xn\pw thn-bmWv Jp-B Cd-n-b-Xv Fv.
^pkzn-e
- v: 26-, Cu Jp-B \n tI-cp-Xv, \n A]-i
- a
- p-m-p-I,
Fn \n AXn-P-bn-tmw F \bw ssIsIm-n-cp am apivcnp-I
acn--hcpsS ASptm, J_-dn-\-Sptm Jp-B ]mcm-bWw sNbvXn-cp-n. ABw: 36-, \n-b-am-bnpw \n\v adp-]Sn \IpI tIp--h- am{X-am-Wv. acn-h-tcm, Amlp Ahsc ]p\Po-hn-n-p-Ibpw ]ns Ah-\n-tev Xncn-p-
apJ-hpc
31
sImpt]mhp-Ibpw sNp--Xm-Wv. Adqw: 5253, \nbw \o acn--hscbpw,

hnfn-p-tm hnfntImsX ]nn-cnpt]mIp sNhn tIm--h-scbpw,
hgn-tI-Sn A-cmbn hnl-cn-p Ipcp-Sam-scbpw tIn-p-Ib
- nspw, adnp
\psS kq--fn hniz-kn-p-I-bpw, \apv kkzw kanp Pohn-p--hscbpw am{Xta \o tIn-p-I-bpq Fpw ]d-n-p-v. Fm Cv Cu
kq-- ]mcm-bWw sNp apkven, Bi-b-a-dn-bm-Xv ImcWw AXns
I]-\I
- [ncnp-sImv acn-h
-
- pw J_-dm-fn-Ipw Jp-B HmXn-tnphcmbn A[:]Xn-n-cn-p-IbmWv. AXn\v ]Ww hmn _Jd: 174 {]Imcw
X-fpsS hb-dp-I-fn Xo \nd-p--h-cp-ambn amdn-bn-cn-p-I-bpamWh. Bi-b-a-dnbmsX \a-kvIm-c-n-em-sWnepw Jp-B HmXn-bm hnn\nv Av sXdn-pt]m-Ip thK-n Zo\n\npw sXdn-p-t]m-Ip-sa-pw, Ahs-Xnsc HmXnb
Jp-B kmn \npI-bpw, hmZn-p-Ibpw sNp-sav \_n (k) ]Tn-n-sXmpw Ah ]cn-K-Wn-p-n-.
JpB Inn-bnv AXns\ aqSn-sh-p-I-bpw, hf-sm-Sn-p-I-bpw sNp--hcpw, As-n AsXm-sWv a\-n-em-m {ian-m-h
- c
- p-amWv Ghpw henb
A{Ian-Is
- f-pw, Ah ac-Wk
- a
- b
- v kzns\-Xn-cmbn R Im^n-dpI Xsbm-bn-cpp Fv kmywh-ln-p-X
- m-sWpw AAvdm^v: 37- ]d-n-p-.v ABw: 130 kam-\-amb Bi-b-n-ep kq-am-Wv. Npcp--n Rm Im^n-dmsWv ]d-bmsX Hcm-sfbpw \oXn-am-\mb Amlp \c-I
- n {]th-in-n-p-Ib
- n.
kpa: 59- Amlp ]d-bpp: A; \n-bw, \n\v Fs kq- hp-Inn, \o AXns\ Xn--d-v Al--cn-p, \o Im^n-dp-I-fn s]-h Xs-bm-bn-cpp. A-Bw: 26- Amlp ]d-bpp: Jp-B e`n--h kzbw AXn-s\-smv
XS-bp-Ib
- pw, ap-h
- sc AXn-s\-smv XS-bp-Ibpw sNp-Ih
- g- n, Ah-sc-s
- -bmsX
\in-n-p-n, Fm AhcXv Xncn-d
- n-bp-n-. Atm samw a\pjyp
Jp-B, lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn A-hv Fn-p-sIm-Sp-p-I-bpw, Ah-cn JpB-\ns Pohn-Xa
- mb {]hm-NI
- s PohnXw kmys-Sp-p-Ibpw sNm-Xn-cp-m,
Ahs-Xn-cm-bnv Jp-B\pw {]hm-N-I\pw A\ymbw t_m[n-n-p-Xm-Wv. JpB\ns Bi-bs Ah-K-Wnv Pohn A{I-an-I hn[n-Znhkw ]d-bp--XmWv:
Hm! Fs \miw, Rm Cm-en-h
- s\ B-an-{X-ambn sXsc-s-Spnp-mbncpnsn F{X \mbn-cp-t-s\, Ah-\m-Wtm JpB\ns Bibw F\nv
hp-In-n-b-Xn-\p-tijw AXn\nv Fs XS--Xv, ]nimNv a\pjy\v alm-h-I Xs-bm-bn-cnp-p. AYhm ]nim-Npw, a\pjynim-Np-f
- mb I]-Sh
- n-izmknIfpw
(ABw: 112) JpB\ns Bi-b
- n \nmWv Fs XS-sXv \msf kzbw
hne-]n-pcwKw ^pJm: 29- Amlp ap-dn-bnv \In-bn-cnpp. 30-,
Cu Jp-B\pw sImp-hv {]hm-NI
- , Fs \mYm, Fs Cu P\X, Cu Jp-B\ns\ Ah-K-Wn--XmWv Chv h ZpK-Xn-sbv A\ymbw t_m[n-n-p
cwKhpw XmoXv \In-bnp-v.
Ilv^v: 57, kPZ: 22 kq--fn, Atm Xs \mYs kq- lrZ-
32
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
b-ns `mj-bn Hmannnv ]ns AXns\ Ah-K-Wnv ]gb PohnXw \bn-p-h-t\-m As-n Ahs ssII {]hn sXp-Ip-- adv Pohnp--h-t\-m Ghpw henb A{Ian Bcm-Wp-Xv? Ccw {`mam-tcmSv \mw
{]Xn-Imcw sNp--XmWv Fp-]-d-n-p-v. Jkzkv: 48-50, Xudm-pw Jp-B\pw ]c-kv]cw klm-bn-p cv amc-W-fmsWpw, \n-bw, R Fm
{Khpw \ntj-[n-p-p Fpw ]dhtcm-Sv, Fm Ch cn-t\-m (Xudmv, Jp-B) kamKZi-I-amb Am-lp-hn \np-sm-cp- {Kw \n
sImp-h-cn-I, Rm AXv ]n]-n-smmsav ]d-bm-\mWv \_n-tbmSv Amlp
I]n-p--Xv. Atm \n\v Ah adp-]Sn \Ip-n-s-n \o Adn-n-cnp-I, \n-bw, Ah Ah-cpsS tZtl--I ]n]-p--h-cm-Ip-p. Am-lp-hn
\np kamKw IqSmsX Xs Csb ]n]-p-h--t\-m Ghpw hgn]n-g-h Bcpv? \n-bw, Ccw A{IanIfmb Hcp P\-Xsb Amlp kamK-nem-p-Ib
- n Xs.
_Jd: 67, \n-bw kXyw Adn-nv aqSn-sh-phcpsS (I-]-S-hn-izm-knI) Imcy-n, \o ap-dn-bnv \Iepw As-n \o ap-dn-bnv \Im-Xn-cnepw Ah-cp-sS-ta ka-am-Wv; Ah hniz-kn-p-I-bn-. Ah-cpsS lrZ-b-pw
tIhn-Ipw Amlp ASv koep-(ap-{Z)sh-n-cn-p-p, Ah-cpsS ImgvNI
- pw
Hcp aqSn-bp-v, Ahv hn in-bpam-Wp--Xv Fp]d-n-p-v. ap\m-^nJq: 6 Amlp ]d-bpp: I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS Imcy-n \o s]mdp-ens\
tXSp-X
- pw, s]mdp-e
- ns\ tXSm-Xpw ka-am-Wv, Amlp Ahv s]mdpp-sImSp-p-I-bn-. \nbw Am-lp [nm-cn-I-fmb Hcp P\-Xsb kamK-n-tev
\bn-p-I-bn Xs. _Jd: 27, Am-lp-hp-ambn sNbvX DS-Sn Jp-B-\ns
Bi-b-n\nv Ip-ap-nbtijw AXv ewLn-p--hcpw, Amlp tNm
In- _- apdn-p-If
- b
- p-h
- cpw, `qan-bn \miap-m-p-h
- c
- p-amb sXmSn-I Xs-bmWv ^mkn-Jo-fpw Fmw \-s-h
- cpw. Ah Xs-bmWv I]-Sh
- nizmknI-sfv Xu_: 67-epw, Ah-cpsS taemWv Am-lp-hns im]-ap-sXpw,
Ahv Ghpw Zpjn `h-\-hp-am-Wp--sXv dAvZv: 25epw ]d-n-p-v. kpa:
63-, BcmtWm Am-lp-hns kq- aqSn-sh-X
- v, Aq- Xs-bmWv Fmw
\-s--h-scpw, _Jd: 99-, sXm-Sn-I-f-msX Am-lp-hns kq- aqSnsh-p-Ib
- n Fp-w ]-d
n-p-v. AAvdm^v: 172-173 kq-f
- n ]cm-ain-p
Am-lp-hp-ambn kzKnshv sNbvX DS-Sn, Jp-B\
- n-eqsS DWn-bnv AXv
]men-m--h Xs-bmWv ^mkn-Jo-. A-Av-dm^v: 102, apv \in-n--s
\mp-Im-cn A[n-I-t]-scbpw DS-Sn ]men-p--h-cmbn \mw Is-n-bn-, Ahcn A[n-I-t]-scbpw DS-Sn ewLn-p sXm-Sn-I-fmbnv Xs-bmWv \mw Isn-b-Xv Fp-]-d-n-p-v. liv: 19-, hnizm-kn-Isf hnfnv Amlp ]d-bpp:
\n Am-lp-hns\ ad--h-sc-tm-se-bm-I-cp-Xv, Am-lp-hns\ ad-m Ah
Ah-sc--s-bmWv ad--Xv. Aq- XsbmIpp sXm-Sn-I. I]-S-hn-izm-knI-fmb ]pcp-jamtcmSpw kv{XoItfmSpw, \ntj-[
- n-\p-ta \ntj[w ssIsIm-p
apJ-hpc
33
Ip^v^m-dp-It- fmSpw Amlp hmKvZw sNbvXn-p-Xv \c-IK

- -nse Xobm-Ipp, Ahv AXp-a-Xn, Amlp Ahsc i]n-n-cn-p-p. Ahv mbn-bmb
in-bpam-Wp--Xv Fv Xu_: 68-epw, Jp-B aqSn-sh Bfp-I h[n-s-ncn-pp Fv A_k: 17-epw ]d-n-p-v.
_Jd: 159-161, \n-bw, Amlp Cd-n-bn-p sXfn shfn-]mSpw, {Kn P\- v shfn- h m- p- - X n\pthn Amlp Ah- X - c n- n- np
kamKhpw aqSn-sh-p-h
- c
- p-t- m, Ah-sc-bmWv Amlp i]n-n-p-Xv, i]np-h-scmw i]n-n-p--Xpw. \n-bw, JpB aqSn-sh-p-I-bpw, \ntj-[-n-\pta \ntj-[n-bmbn ac-W-a-S-bp-Ibpw sNp--h-cp--tm, Ah-cp-sS-ta-emWv Amlp-hnsbpw, samw a\p-jy-cp-sSbpw im]-apXv Fpw ]d-n-p-v. An-kmAv: 140-, Jp-B kq Am-\v D-cn-p-I-bpw, hf-sm-Sn-p-I-bpw,
aqSn-sh-p-Ibpw sNp I]-Sh
- n-izm-kn-Is
- f-bpw, AXv tIn-cn-p Im^n-dp-Is
- fbpw
Amlp \c-I-n Hcp-an-p-Iq-p-sav ]d-n-p-v. An-km-Av: 145-, Ccw
ap\m-^n-Jp-I hnNm-c-W-bn-msX \c-I-n t]mIp--h-cm-sWv ]d-n-p-v.
AlvJm-^v: 35-, sXm-Sn-If
- mb Hcp P\-Xb
- msX \in-n-s
- -Sptam Fpw, ABw: 47-, A{I-an-I-fmb Hcp P\-X-b-msX \in-n--s-Sptam Fpw Amlp
tNmZn-pp. Npcp-
- n Fm-hcpw [nm-cn-Ifpw sXm-Sn-If
- pambn amdp-tmgmWv
temIw Ah-km-\n-p-I. `qan-bpsS Bbpv \om-\p GI amKw Jp-B-\ns
Bibw P\--fn-tev Fn- am{X-am-Wv.
AAvdm^v: 40-, \n-bw, Jp-B kq- If-hmn Xn--d-bp-
^mPndpIpw (apkvenw km[m-cW
-
- mpw), AXnt\mSv Fmw ]Tn-h
- s
- cv Al-cn-p-Ibpw aqSn-sh-p-Ibpw sNp ap\m-^n-Jp-Ipw (apkvenw ]WvUnXampw) Amlp BIm-i
- ns IhmS- Xpd-p-sIm-Sp-p-It- bm Xpmcs kqNn-bpsS Zzmc-n-eqsS HIw {]th-in-p-X
- p-hsc Ah kzK-n {]thin-p-Itbm C. A{]-Im-ca
- mWv {`mamv \mw {]Xn-êw sImSp-pI Fp-]d-n-p-v. bq\p-kv: 17-, Atm JpB kq- hf-sm-Sn-v, aqSn-shv
Am-lp-hn-s-ta Iw-sI-n-a
- p ]d-bp-h
- t- \-m As-n JpB kq Bibw a\-n-em-m {ian-msX Xn--d-bp--h-t\-m Ghpw henb
A{Ian Bcm-Wp-Xv? \n-bw, Ccw {`mam hnPbw hcn-p-I-bn Xs
Fp-]d
-
n-p-v. Jp-B\
- n ap-sm-Xv CS-f
- n apPvcnwIsf ({`mam)
Ipdnv ]d-bp-p-v. ChnsS-sbmw Jp-B-\ns Bibw Adn-nv aqSn-sh-p
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fpw, Jp-B Bibw ]Tn-m {ian-msX, Ahchsc Xncn--dnbmsX, ]WvUn-Xs
- cp[cnv I]-Sh
- n-izmkn-Isf ]n]-p km[m-cW
-
- m-cpw tNXmWv apPvcnao-. "\o tIm]n-s
- -h
- c
- p-sS-bpw, hgn-]n-g
- h
- c
- p-sSbpw amK-n-e'
F ^mnl: 7mw kqw ]mcm-b-Ww sNp-tm Cu cphn`m-K-m-cnepw
tN-cpsXmWv a\-nep-m-bn-cn-t-Xv.
Npcp--n Jp-B-\ns samw Bi-b-n \nv Im^ndpI, A{IanI, [nmcnI, {`mam, sXm-Sn-I, \mi-Im-cn-I, ey-t_m[w \-s
34
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
Kzmho-, {]-b Km^n-eo-, hn-X-cm--s--h, \ncm-i-s-Sp--h,

apivcno-, \in-n--sSph, If-hm--p--h, AXn-{I-an-I XpS-n-b- \s-Sp hn`m-K
- sf Xncn-d
- n-bm-\pw, Ah-cpsS kz`m-h
- f
- pw, {]h-\fpw hnm\pXmWv Jp-B. CltemIv ]nim-Nnsbpw XmKq-p-If
- p-sSbpw sIWnbnhoWv \c-I-n B]-Xn-msX kzK-n-te-p GI-h-gn-bn k-cn-m\pap--XmWv Jp-B\ns Bibw.
Am-lp-hn-ep hnizmkw:
Am-lp-hn-ep hnizmkw cq]-s-Sp-m-\pw, Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-b-n
kqn-v ap-Jo--fm-Im-\pap-XmWv Jp-B. 6236 kq- kan-p
Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-bw-sImv Iv \S-
- f
- n-epw, Ccp-
- f
- n-epw, InS-fnepw
Fm-bvtmgpw Fhn-sSbpw "Amlv' F kvac-W- \ne-\nm-\p-apXmWXv (Ben-Cw-dm: 190-191, An-km-Av: 103, PpapA: 10 t\mp-I). _Jd: 152- Amlp
]d-bpp: Atm \n Fs kvacn-p-hn, Rm \n-sfbpw kvacnmw.
\n F\nv \n-{]-I-Sn-n-p--h-cm-hp-I-bpw, \n-tISv ImWn-p--hcmImXn-cnp-Ibpw sNp-I. Npcp-
- n hnizm-kn-I, ap-Jo-, kpIr-Xh
- mam, Amlp-hns\ Ip-sImv Ncn-p--h, a\-m--hm-Nm--IW Amlp-hn\v kan-h, Jp-B-\ns\ kXy-s-Sp-p--h, Am-lp-hns\ kvacn-ph, Am-lphn\v \n-{]-I-Snnp--h, Am-lp-hns apn hn\o-X-cm-b-h, Am-lp-hns\
Dn-s-bp-n `b-s-Sp--h, am-ep-, a-sImv D]-tZ-in-p--h,
sscyaph, \ D]-tZ-in-p-h
-
- , Xn XS-bp-h
- , hnP-bn-I, eyw kmmXvI-cn-p--h, ]pWym-m-, hnNm-c-W-bn-msX kzKn t]mIph
XpSnb-hc
- psS e-W
- s
- fmw a\-n-emn kzK-n-te-p GI-hg- n-bn Ncnp-Xn-\p-w, Cl-]c Pohn-X-hn-Pbw t\Sp--Xn\pw thn-bp--XmWv Jp-B.
Alv: 97- Amlp ]d-bpp: BWmbn-cn--s, s]m-bn-cn-s, BcmtWm
kI- {]hn-p-X
- v, Ah hnizm-kn-bp-amWv Fn \mw Ahsc Cln Hcp ]cn-ip--amb PohnXw \bn-n-p--Xpw, ]c-n Ah {]hn
Ghpw \ {]hrn t\mn {]Xn-êw \Ip-X
- p-am-W.v (An-km-A:v 124, Xzmlm:
112, apAvan: 40 kq- Iqn-hm-bn-pI).
Jp-B-\n 99 kq--fn ]cm-ain-p- ]nim-Nn-s\ Jp-B-\ns Bib-n\nv Xncn--dn-v, Ahs amKw shSnv, PohnXw Am-lp-hn\v thn
am{X-am-m-\p-X
- mWv Jp-B. Amlv F kvac-Wb
- p-m-Ip-tm C_m-Zv
Am-lp-hn-\m-Wv. Amlv F kvac-W-bn-m-sXbp PohnXw ]nimNn-\mbn amdpXpam-Wv.
ae-p-If
- n-ep hnizmkw:
Jp-B-\n sXmq-n-sbm-Xv kq--fn ae-p-Isf ]cm-ain-n-p-v.
ae-p-I BcmWv, Ah F-s\-bp krn-If
- mWv, Ahv ad-I
- mcyw Adnbp-tam, {]]ns `c-Wh
- y-h
b
- n Ah-cpsS ]smWv, a\p-jy-cp-ambn AhcpsS _samWv, Pnp-Ifpw Ahcpw Xn-ep hyXymksamWv, ap krn-
apJ-hpc
35
I-fn\nv Ahp {]tXy-IXsbmWv XpS-nb Imcy-s

- fmw a\-n-em-n
ae-p-I-fn-ep hnizmkw cq]-s-Sp-p--Xn-\p--XmWv Jp-B-\ns Bi-bw.
Pnp-I Bcm-sWpw, Ah-cpsS icocw FpsImmWv krn-s-sXpw, Ah-cpsS Iq-n hnizm-kn-Ifmcm-sW-pw, \ntj-[n-Ifmcm-sW-pw, Ahv
a\p-jy-cp-am-bp _sam-sWpw, Ahv Jp-B-\p-am-bp _samsWpw, Hmtcm-cp--cnep-ap Pnp-Iq-p-Im-cs\ hnizm-kn-bm-m-\p GI D]-I-cW-samsW-pw, Pnp-Iq-p-Im-cs\ hnizm-kn-bm-m-Xn-cp-m-ep `hn-jyv
FmsWpsamw a\-n-em-m-\pXmWv Jp-B.
{]hm-NI
- am-cnep hnizmkw:
{]hm-N-Iam Fm-hcpw Xs Amlp Xr]vXn-s PohnXw, Pohnv
ImWnpXcm {km-hn-\m \ntbm-Kn-s
- hcpw, {kmhv Xr]vXn-s GI PohnX-hyh-bmb Ckveman Xs h-hc
- p-am-Wv (_Jd: 136,285, B-en-Cw-dm: 19,85).
Jp-B \I-s--hv apl-Zv\_nsb Ah-cpsS km-\-sf Adn-bp--Xn-ep]cn Adn-bp-sav _Jd: 146, A-Bw: 20 kqfn ]d-n-p-v. {kmhv Ignm Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n Ghpw IqSpX ]cm-ains krn aplZv \_n-bm-sWv ImWmw. Fm Jp-B\
- ns ico-c
-- n aqkm-bpsS t]cmWv
IqSp-X XhW ]d-n-p--Xv. Hcp en Ccp-]-n-\m-em-bn-c-n]cw {]hmN-Iam hn-p-s-nepw Ah-cnse Ccp-]-v t]sc-p-dnv am{Xta Jp-B\n t]scSpv ]d-n-p-q. samw JpB\ns Bi-b-n\nv Ah-cpsS
PohnXw a\nemn Ahsc ]n]-p-I-bpw, kXy-s-Sp-p-Ibpw sNptmgmWv
{]hm-N-Iam-cn-ep hnizmkw cq]-s-Sp-I. BZw apX Ay-\mh-sc-bp P\-fn\nv {]hm-NI
- amcpw hnizm-kn-If
- pw tN GI kwL-amWv Am-lp-hns
kwLw. Ah am{X-amWv hnPbw h-cn-p--h (am-CZ: 56, apPm-Zne: 22). hnhn[
{]Xn-knL-f
- n-eI
- s
- -Spn ]co-n {]hm-NI
- amsc, c-s-Sp-n-btijw
Amlp ]d-bpp: A{]-Im-ca
- mWv hnizm-kn-Isf \mw c-s-Sp-p-Is
- bv (bq\pkv:
103, A-n-bm-Av: 88). ap\m-^n-Jq: 8, Am-lp-hn\pw, Ahs {]hm-N-I\pw,
hnizm-kn-Ip-amWv {]Xm-]a
- p-X
- ,v Fm I]-Sh
- n-izm-kn-I AX-dn-bp-n Fp]-d-n-p-v. hnizm-kn-I Am-lp-hns ASp- am{X-amWv klm-b-hpw, {]Xm]hpw tXSp-I. Jp-B ]Tn-p-I-bpw, ]n]-p-I-bpw, ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNbvXp-sImmWXv. Fm I]-Sh
- n-izmkn-I `qcn-]
-
- ns ASp-emWv {]Xm]w At\zjn-p-I, Ccw I]-S-hn-izm-knIv thZ-\m-P-\-I-amb in-sImv ktm-jhm Adn-bnpI Fv Ankm-Av: 138- ]d-n-p-v. Fm {]hm-N-Iam-cpsSbpw PohnXw apl-Zv \_nbn kt-fn-n-pv. \ntbm-Kn-s
- -Xv ap-X Ay\m-hsc-bp samw a\p-jy-cn-te-mWv apl-Zv \_n \ntbm-Kn-s
- -n-psXv
AAvdm^v: 158, k_-Av: 28, An-bm-Av: 107 XpS-nb kq--fn-semw ]d-n-pv. Fm hnizm-kn-I am{X-ta At-ls {]hm-N-I-\mbn AwKo-I-cn-v ]n]p-I-bp-q. ap--h-scmw An-km-Av: 59,80,115 kq--fpsS Iev]-\-I Ah-KWn-p-sImv ]WvUn-Xamscbpw kwL-S\m t\Xm--sf-bp-amWv ]n]-p-I.
36
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
An-km-Av: 59- Amlp ]d-bpp: Hm hnizm-kn-I-tf, \n Am-lp-hns\bpw, Ahs ZqX-s\-bpw, \n-fn\np ssIIm-cy-Im--sfbpw A\p-kcn-pI. Atm \nfpw \n-fpsS ssIIm-cy-Im-fpw GsX-nepw Imcyn `nn-m AXv Am-lp-hn-tepw dkq-en-tepw aS-p-I. Atm
Ay\mhsc-bp hnizm-kn-Iv Bob t\Xmhv apl-Zv \_n am{X-am-Wv.
B \_n ]Tn-n Hcp-Im-cy-n\v hncp-ambn, a\p-jy-]n-im-Np--sfmw sFIy-sv
]d-mepw hnizm-kn-I AXv kzoI-cn-p-I-bn-. Jp-B Bi-b-a-dn-bmsX HmXnbm ]pWy-an-sv apl-Zv \_n ]Tn-n-n-p-sn AXn\v hncp--ambn ap\m-^nJp-I am{Xa, samw a\p-jycpw Pnp-Ifpw Hcp-anp tNv ]d-mepw hnizmkn-IXv kzoIm-cy-a-. \_nsb [n-cnp-sImv tIaam-cmb t\Xm--sfbpw,
]WvUn-X-scv A`nam-\n-p a\p-jy-]n-imNp-sfbpw ]n]-p \ntj-[n-IfpsS
apJw, \msf \c-I
- n adn-n-p-sIm-n-cn-p-tm Ah ]d-bp-XmWv: lm! RfpsS \miw, R Am-lp-hn-s\bpw {]hm-NI
- s
- \bpw A\pkcn-n-cp-s-n! Ah
]d-bp-Ibpw sNpw: \n-bw, R t\Xm--sfbpw tIaam-scbpsamw A\p-kcn-pIbpw, Atm Ah Rsf bYm hgn-bn\nv ]n-g-npIf-bpIbpw
sNbvXph-tm. AXp-sImv R-fpsS \mYm, Ahv \o in-bn\nv Ccn
hn-n-p-sIm-Sp-m-epw, Ahsc A[n-I-cnv i]n-p-Ibpw sNbvXm-epw Fv hne]n-p cwKw Alvkm-_v: 66-68 ap-dn-bnv \In-bn-pv. I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw
Ahsc ]n]-p \ntj-[n-Ifpw \c-I-n ]c-kv]cw i]n-p-, FXnp
cwKw _Jd: 166-167 hni-Zo-Ic
- W
-
- n ImWm-hp-X
- m-Wv. Cmcy-sfmw a\-nemn Cl-n\nv Xs Jp-B- kan-p kzK-n-te-p GIhgnbn Ncn-pXn\v thnbmWv Jp-B Ah-X-cn-n-n-p-Xv. Ah-km-\-ImeL-n Fgppw hmb-\bpw Adn-bp hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv Jp-B-\n-s Bibw
AWp-]-tbm-Knv ISn-p-]n-Snncn-m-\mWv apl-Zv \_n (l-p hnZm-C
Xs) ]Tn-n-n-pXv. hnizm-kn-I-fpsS Camapw kwL-hp-an-mb-h--bn
Fgppw hmb-\bpw Adn-bm hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv GsXnepw ac-ns aqSv ISn-p]n-Snp ac-Wwhsc \ne-sIm-m-\mWv lpssZ-^-Xp bam-\n-bpsS tNmZy-v
Dcw \Insmv Ay-\mh-sc-bp a\p-jysc apl-Zv \_n ]Tn-n-n-p-Xv. hnizm-kn-I-fpsS GI kwL-sam-gnv _mn-bp kwL-S-\-I-sfmw apivcnpIfpw, ]nim-Nns kwL-n s]-h-cp-amWv (ap-Pm-Zne: 19). _Jd: 176 t\mp-I.
{K-f
- n-ep hnizm-kw:
samw Jp-B\
- ns Bi-bw a\-n-em-p-tm am{X-amWv {K-f
- n-ep
hnizmkw cq]-s-Sp-I. Am-lp-hn\nv GI {Kw am{X-amWv `qan-bn hn-p-Xv. hnhn[ Ime-L-
- f
- n-tev AhX-cn-n-s
- thZw AXmXv Ime-L-
- f
- n-tep hn[n-hn-e
- p-If
- S-
- n-bn-p-X
- m-sW-n Ahsb kXy-s-Sp-pIbpw, Impkq-n-p-Ibpw sNp Jp-B Ay-\mhsc-bp apgp-h a\p-jyp-Xpw, Fm-Im-cyhpw hni-Zo-I-cn-n-p--Xpw, AP--hpw, AXp-ey-hpw, am-n-cp--epIv hnt[-b-amm km[n-m--Xp-amb {K-amWv. Jp-B h-Xn-\p-tijw
apJ-hpc
37
AXns\ \ntj-[n--hv \c-I-amWv lqZv: 17- hmKvZw sNbvXn-p-Xv. _Jd:

2324-, bq\p-kv: 38 kq-f
- n, Jp-B\
- ns Imcy-n kwi-ba
- p-h
- c
- m-sW-n,
114 kqd-p-If
- p CXnse Hcp kqd-n\v kam-\a
- mb Hv sImp-hc
- m Amlp
shp-hn-fn-n-p-v. Fm B shp-hnfn kzoI-cn-m a\pjycpw Pnp-I-fpw,
Fm-hcpw Hcp-an-p-Iq-Sn- {]hn-mepw km[y-a-s-pw, Atm Am-lp-hn
\np Cu Jp-B Inn-bnv D]-tbm-Ks
- -Sp-mh Im^ndmsWpw, Ccw
Im^n-dpIv a\p-jycpw Ip-Ifpw hnd-Imb \cIw Hcp-n-sh-n-p-spw XpSv
]d-n-p-v. _Jd: 121-, {Kw \Is--h AXv Xnem-hv sNthn[w
sNp-sapw, AXn Ah hniz-kn-p-sa-pw, BcmtWm AXns\ aqSn-sh--Xv,
Atm Aq- Xs-bmWv PohnXw \-s-h
- scpw ]d-n-p-.v Jp-B\ns
Bi-b-a-dn-bp I]-S-hn-izmkn-Ifpw Jp-B Xnem-hv sNp-w, Fm Ah-cXn hniz-kn-p-It- bm, AXns hn[n-hn-e
- p-I ]n]-p-Itbm sNmhcm-sWv
_Jd: 44- ]d-n-p-v. \n-bw, \nv \mw Hcp {K-an-d-n, AXn
\nsfpdnv A\p-kva-cn-n-n-p-v. Atm \n Nnn-p-nt Fv Anbm-Av: 10- Amlp tNmZn-p-p. BcmtWm kzs Xncndn--Xv, Ah
Ahs \mYs\ Xncndnp Fv \_n (k) ]Tn-n-npv. Atm Ah-c-hscbpw DS-a-sbbpw Xncn--dn-bm-\p--XmWv {Kw. Jp-B-\ns Bm-hmb
BibwsImv am{X-ta AXv km[y-am-hpIbpq. _n\: 6 Amlp ]d-bpp:
\n-bw, {K-s aqSn-sh-p--h-cpw, {Kw Inn-bnv Bibw ]Tn-msX {Kn\v hncp--amb hnizmkw ssIsIm-v invv (A-m-lp-hns A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i-fn ]p-tNp-I) sNp-h
- cpw \c-I
- o-bn B]-Xn-p-X
- pw, AXn \nXyhm-kn-I-fpam-Wv. AhcmWv Ic-bnse Poh-Pm-e--fnshv Ghpw \nIr-. 7,
\n-bw, hnizkn-pIbpw, kI- A\p-n-pIbpw sNp--h-cmWv Icbnse Poh-Pm-e--fnshv Ghpw \-bp--h-scpw ]d-n-p-v. AXpXsbmWv, \n-fn Ghpw D-a Jp-B ]Tn-p-I-bpw, ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNp-h-\m-sWv \_n (k) ]Tn-n--Xns s]mcp. A^m: 22-,55 kq--fn,
\n-bw, Am-lp-hns ASp- PohPme-fnshv Ghpw Xn-tb-dn-bh
- JpB-\ns Bibw Adn-nv aqSn-sh-p--h-cpw, ap--h-tcmSv ]d-bm--h-cpw, JpB-\ns Bibw tIm Ign-bmhcpamb, _pnbp]-tbm-Knv Nnn-m
a\pjycmsWv ]d-n-p-v. Jp-B\
- ns hntcm-[
- A\p-hZ- \
- o-ba
- mbn sImp\-S-p--h Jp-BsImv hniz-kn-n-n Fv \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. JpB-\ns hntcm-[- hn-p--Xn\v AXns Bibw a\-n-em- A\n-hmcy-am-Wv.
]c-tem-I
- n-ep hnizmkw:
]Xn-\v hb-n\v tijw ac-Ww-hs
- c-bp Pohn-X
- nse Hmtcm \nan-js
- p-dnpw \Kv\cmbn, \Kv\]m-Z-cm-bn, tNem-I -c-ln-X-cmbn BWpw s]pw Hbvsm-bvv Xs DS-ab
- psS apn hn[n-Zn-hkw Dcw ]d-tb-n-hc
- p-w. B t_m[n \ne-sIm-p-h-cmWv ]c-tem-I-n hniz-kn-p--h. B t_m[-an-msX
38
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
Pohn-m AhcpsSXs tIhn-bpw, ImgvNb

- pw, sXmen-If
- psamw Ahs-Xn-sc
kmyw-hl
- n-p-X
- p-am-Wv (Ckvdm-A:v 36, bmko: 65, ^p-kzn-ev: 1924, knkm:
45). Jp-B-\n aqn-semv kq- ]c-tem-Iphcmt]m-Ip cwK-
hni-Zo-I-cn-p-XmWv. hnP-bw-h-cn-p ap-Jo- ]ctemIn ZrV-t_m[y-ap--h-cm-sWv _Jd: 4 ]dnp-v. ]c-tem-I-n hniz-kn-m-
{`mam-sc, \msf X-fpsS \mYs apn Xe-Ip-\n-h
- c
- mbn \n-s-Sp-tm
Ah ]dbpw: R-fpsS \mYm, R DmgvN Ip (\-cIw IpAImkp: 67), R \c-I-nse Cc--ep-I-sfmw tIp, Rsf kI-
sNp--Xn-\p-thn Hp-IqSn sFln-I-tem-I-tv Xncnbm-epw, \n-bw,
Rv ZrV-t_m-[y-ambn Fv hne-]n-p cwKw kPZ: 12- ap-dn-bnv \Inbn-p-v. (^mnl: 3 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I).
\bpw Xnbpw Am-lp-hn \nmsW hnizmkw:
\ Am-lp-hn \npw, Xn ]nim-Nn \np-am-Wv. Fm Bm-hn\pw
\bpw Xnbpw \In-bn-p-.v "Amlv' F kvac-Wbp-m-Ip-tm \ am{Xta
hcn-I-bp-q. Am-lp-hns\ ad Ah--bn Ah Xs Pnp-Iq-p-Im-c-\mb
]nim-Nns he-b-n s]Sp-I-bpw, Atm Xn ]nSn-s]-Sp-Ibpw sNp--Xm-Wv.
Amlp Ahs\pdn-pw, ]nim-Nn-s\-p-dnpw Jp-B\
- ns Bi-b
- n-eqsS Hmtcmcp--scbpw ]Tn-n-n-p-v. Atm Jp-B-\ns Bi-bw-sImv "apAvan'Bb
Am-lp-hns\ (liv: 23) lrZ-b-n kqn-p hnizm-kn-I-v ]nim-Nn
\np Xn-tbp-Itbm B-]v hcn-I-tbmbn-. A^m: 24 {]Imcw hnizmkn-I-fpsS lrZ-b-n Am-lp-hm-Wp--Xv, Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-an-m \ntj-[nI-fpsS lrZ-b-n ]nim-Np-am-Wp--Xv. I]-S-hn-izmkn-I, Ahsmcp \e`nm, CXv Am-lp-hn \nm-Ip-p Fpw, Gsnepw Xn ]n-Sn-s]Sp-tm
CXv \nn ({]-hm-NI-\n) \nm-sW-pw ]d-bp-p. \o ]d-bpI \_n-tb: Fmw
Am-lp-hn \np--Xm-Ip-p. Cu P\Xsp]n, Ahv Cu h-am\w
icnpw {Kln-m km[-npntm Fv Ankm-Av: 78--epw, \ns _m[np GXv \bpw Am-lp-hn \np--Xm-Ip-p, Fm \ns _m[n-p
GXp Xnbpw \nn \np-X-s-bm-Ip-p Fv 79-epw ]d-n-p-v. BIm-i-`qan-I-fnepw Ah-n-S-bn-ep a\p-jy-c-S--ap k-Ncm-N-c-fnepw kw`-hn-p
Fm-Im-cy-fpw {kmhv t\cs \n-bn-n-p-X
- pw, AsXmcp {K-n tcJsSp-n-bn-p--Xp-am-sWv Xu_: 51, bq\p-kv: 61, lqZv: 6, CkvdmAv: 13-14, lv: 70,
\wev: 75, ^mXzn: 11, bmko: 12, lZo-Zv: 22, k_-Av: 3 XpS-nb kq--fn-semw
]d-n-pv.
AdAvZv: 38, C_vdm-low: 11, apAvan: 78 kq-- {]Imcw Znhym-p-X-sfmw Amlp Ahs krn-I-fn-eqsS {]I-Sn-n-p-I-bmWv F hnizmkw cq]s-Sp-p-Xn-\pw, AmsX {]hm-NI
- amtm aep-Itm alm-m-tm
kz-ambn Hcp Ign-hp-an-s-pw, Ah-scmw Xs ]q-ambn Am-lp-hn\v ASn-as-Sp--h-cm-sW-pw, Ahs kmao]yw t\Sp--Xn\pthn a-cn-p-sImncn-
apJ-hpc
39
phcmW-pap hkvXpX Xncn--dnv \ntj-[n-I-fn s]Sm-Xn-cn-m Jp-B\ns Bibw A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. Ben-Cw-dm: 19 {]Imcw Am-lp-hn-s-b-Sp-
kzoIm-cy-amb Pohn-X-k-{-Zmbw Ckvemw am{X-am-sWv Xncn--dn-v AXv AwKo-Icn-m\pw, 85 {]Imcw h-h\pw Ckvema-m Hcp Pohn-X-k-{-Zmbw B{Klnm
Amlp kzoI-cn-p-Ib
- nspw, Ah ]c-tem-I
- n \-s-h
- \
- m-bn-cn-p-sapw
ChnsS \np-Xs Xncn--dn-bm\pw thn-bmWv Jp-B. Xu_: 34- Amlp
hnizm-kn-Isf hnfnv ]d-bpp: \n-b-am-bn-pw, ]WvUn-X-]p-tcm-ln-Xamcn A[nIhpw P\--fpsS [\w Ahn-ln-X-ambn Xnp-I-bpw, Jp-B-\n-s Bi-b-n (Am-lp-hns hgn-bn) \nv Ahsc XS-bpIbpw sNpXm-Wv. Ccw Imcy-
a\-n-em-n-smv Ah-cpsS Nqj-W-n\v hnt[-b-amImsX Am-lp-hn-te-p
GI-hg
- n-bmb t\sc-sNm-s-bp amK-n \ne-sIm-p-X
- n\pw thnbmWv JpB. A-Im-kp: 8 {]Imcw Fm A\p-{K-l--sf-p-dnpw \msf tNmZn--s-Sptm Ghpw henb A\p-{K-l-amb Jp-B ]Tn-m-\pw, ]Tn-n-m\pw thn
sNe-h-gn ka-bw, A[zm-\w, kzm[o-\w, kv XpS-n-b-hsbmw Am-lp-hns
Xr]vXn-bn hn\n-tbm-Knp Fv Dcw]d-v kmbq-Py-ab
- S- bm thnbmWv JpB (_-Jd: 265-266 t\mp-I). apIv: 22 {]Imcw Am-lp-hns `qan-bn FhnsSbpw, Ftmgpw Bscbpw `b-s-SmsX, B{i-bn-msX Xe-bp-bn-smv Ghpw
t\cmb amK-n Ncn-m- thnbpXmWv Jp-B. Am-]
- w ^pJm:
34 {]Imcw hn[n-Znhkw apJwIpn \c-I-n-tev hen-n-g--sSp Ghpw hgn]n-g--h-cmbn A[:]Xn-p-Xm-Wv.
{]m-\I
- v Dcw Inm-\pw, \a-kvIm-cw, t\mv, lv XpS-nb I- kzoI-cn--s-Sm\pw _Jd: 186- cv D]m-[n-I ]d-n-p-v. (1). Jp-B
]n]-p-I, (2). Jp-B-\ns Bibw kan-p Am-lp-hn hniz-kn-t-hn[w hniz-kn-p-I. 6236 kq-fpsS Bibw kan-p Am-lp-hns\ a\n-emn hniz-kn--em-WXv. Atm Acw hnizm-kn-Iv am{Xta {]m-\Iv Dcw e`n-p-I-bp-q. Ahcn\nv am{Xta \a-kvIm-cw, t\mv, kImv,
lv XpS-nb GXpI-fpw kzoI-cn-s
- -Sp-Ib
- p-ap-q. lv a\p-jy-tcm-SmWv
In-n-p-Xv F-Xp-sIm-v, hnizmkn BIm-sXbpw lv sNm-hp--Xm-Wv.
Fm hnizmkn BIptmtg \n-ln lv kzoI-cn-s
- -Sp-Ib
- p-q. Im^n-dpI-fpsS {]m\ hgn-tI-Sn- am{X-amWv Fv Ad-AvZv 14epw, apAvan: 50epw ]dn-p-v. Ah-c-h {]hn-p GsXmcp Imcy-hpw kzoI-cn--s-Sm _plm\mb Jp-B\ns Hcp kq`mK-sa-nepw Dm-h \n_--am-Wv. (_J-d: 147,
An-km-Av: 174 Iqn-hm-bn-pI).
Fp-sImv Jp-B?
`qansb \in-n-p-Ibpw, `qan-bn cw Nnp-Ibpw sNp I]-S-hn-izmknI-fpsS kz`mhhpw {]hr-nbpw Xncn--dn-v, Jp-BsImv Ahsc DWn
Pohn-Xe
- yw Xncn-d
- n-bp-h
- c
- mn amn a\p-jy-cpsS sFIyw \ne-\np-X
- n-\pw,
hmbp, shw XpS-n-bh aen-\-s-Sp-m-Xn-cn-m-\pw, `qan BSn-bp-ev t]mIm-Xn-
40
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
cn-m BWn-sb-tmWw m]n-n-p ]-X- bYm-m-\v Xs \ne\nn, {]IrXnsb AXns kp-e\-n \ne-\nm klm-bn-p--Xn\pw
Amlp \n-bn Pohn-Xm-h[nhsc ChnsS kam-[m-\-Po-hnXw \bn-p--Xn\pw
Jp-B BibwsImv am{Xta km[n-p-I-bp-q. hKo-b-X, tZio-b-X, hwiobX, kzm-X, kzP-\-]--]mXw, Akq-b, Al-m-cw, Al-, s]m-w, ]pdw]qv \Sn- XpS-nb ss]imNn-I- kz`m-h
- shp]pemXn-cn-pIbpw {kmhns Xr]vXn-bn ap--hsc Xr]vXn-s-Sp-I-bpw, {km-hns tIm]-n ap-htcmSv tIm]n-p-Ibpw sNbvXp-sImv hnizm-kn-I-fmbn Pohn-p-Xn\pw JpBsImv am{Xta km[n-p-I-bp-q.
Iv, Im-hv, ab-p-a-cp-v, kzhKkw-t`m-Kw, hy`n-Nm-cw, sIme-]m-X-Iw,
_emkw-Kw, If-hv, h-\, Ih, sIm, sImn-sh-v, I--S-v, ]qgvnsh-v, Icn, ambw-tN, Afhv Xq-n Ir{Xnaw ImWn-, ]en-i,
Ipg]Ww, NqXm-w, ssIqen hmp-I, sImSp-pI XpS-nb amK--fn-eqsS
P\-f
- psS [\w Ahn-ln-Xa
- mbn Xnv \c-I
- n Icn-s
- -Sm-Xn-cn-m thnbpw
amc-Ww, a{w, cmin, ssItcJ, iIp-\w, \-{X-êw XpS-nb Dulm-t]m-l-fne[nn-X-amb ss]im-NnI hnizm-k-fn\nv a\p-jysc tamNn-X-cm-p--Xn\v
Jp-B\ns Bibw A\n-hm-cy-amWv. PpapA: 5, Igp-X-tbm-Spw, PqX-tcm-Spw D]an A{I-an-If
- mb P\-Xb
- n s]Sm-Xn-cn-m\pw, AAvdm^v: 176-, Jp-B\ns Bib-samw Adn-nv aqSn-sh-p I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fn-epw, Jp-B Fv?, Fn-\v?,
Fp-sImv? Fsmpw a\-n-em-m {ianmsX Jp-B-\ns\ Xn--d
D]-{Z-hn-mepw Cs-nepw amwh-cm-, \mhp\on Bn-]qv `qan-bn HmSn-\-Sp \mb- t bmSv D]- a n P\- X - b nepw Ds- S m- X n- c n- m Jp- B
Bi-bw-sImv am{Xta Ign-bq.
APvav: 39- Amlp ]d-bpp: a\p-jyv Ah Dt-inv {]hn--XmsX C. GsXmcp {]hrn sNp-tmgpw Amlp Ahs lrZ-b
- n-te-mWv
t\mpXv. lrZ-b-ns Ah t\mn-bn-mWv B {]h\w Amlp hnebn-cppXv. Amlp lrZ-b
- f
- psS Ah-b
- d
- n-bp-h
- \
- mWv Fv km[q-Ic
- n-psImv `b-tm-Sp-w, hn\btm-Spw-IqSn, \mhpsImv "Amlv' Fp-]d
- b
- msX lrZbw-sImv Am-lp-hns\ kvacn-p-h
- c
- mWv hnizm-kn-I. Amlp lrZ-b
- ns
Ah--b-dn-bp--h-\ Fp-I-cpXn \mhpsImv Am-lp-hns\ kvXpXn-p-I-bpw,
hmgvp-Ibpw sNp-h
- {]-b
- h
- cmsW-pw, hnizm-kn-I AXn s]p-t]mIcp-sXpw AAvdm^v: 205- ]d-n-p-v. bqkp-^v: 3, Cu Jp-B Inp-Xn\v
apv \o (\_n) {]-b--h-cn s]-h Xs-bm-bn-cpp Fpw ]d-n-p-v.
Npcpn PohnXw apgp-h Am-lp-hn\v thn-bm-n Ahs {]mXn\n[yw hln-p-X
- n\v Jp-B\
- ns samw Bibw \n_-a
- m-Wv. Jp-B\
- ns
Bi-b-n I Am-lp-hns\ ac-W-k-a-bv BmhpsImv Iv ktm-jtm-Sp-IqSn kzK-n-tev Xs Xncn-p-t]m-Ip-X
- n\pw (Jzn-bma: 22-24), AdAvZv:
28- {]Imcw Jp-B-\ns Bi-bw-sImv imnbpw Ddpw e`n "\^vkvapXv-a-C'
apJ-hpc
41
BIp--Xn\pw, ^-Pv: 27-30 {]Imcw Hm! imnbpw Ddpw e`n Bmth, \o

\ns DSabntev, DSasbsmv \obpw, \ns-smv DSabpw ]c-kv]cw Xr]vXns-p-sImv Xncn-p-h-cn-I, \o F\n-p-thn Pohn-p-I, Fs kzK-n {]thin-p-sIm-pI Fp]d-b-sv Pohn-X-eyw kmm-XvI-cn-p--hcn Ds-Sp-Xn\pw Jp-BsImv am{Xta km[n-p-I-bpq.
BcmWv JpB kan-p Im^n?:
Jp-B\
- ns Bibamb ^pJm Inm-Xv ImcWw sXp-Ip-
- sNpIbpw ]noSv Jp-B-\ns Bibw a\-n-emn B sXp-Ip---sfmw Am-lphnt\mSv lrZbwsImv Gp]d-bpIbpw sNbvXm, Ah apgp-h\pw H-b-Snv Htc
ka-bv ambvp-I-f-bp-sav kpa: 53- ]d Amlp, 55- AXn\v D]m-[nbmbn \n-fpsS \mY\n\nv \nv Cd-n-bn-p Jp-B-\ns samw
Bibw, acWw \nv hcp-X
- n\p apv Ghpw \\nebvv ]n]-p-I Fp]dn-p-v. Jp-B\
- ns samw Bibw ]n]-m Ah-kcw Inn-bnv ]n]-m
Hcmfpw hnizm-kn-bm-hp-Ib
- n-. Jp-B kq- aqSn-sh-p- I]-Sh
- n-izmknIfpw
Jp-B kq- hp-In-n-bnv D]-tbm-Ks
- -Sp-m ^mPn-dp-Ifpw \c-I
- n
kl-hm-kn-Ifpw Ah-c-Xn imiz-X-cp-amWv (_Jd: 39 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI).
BcmtWm Jp-B kq- aqSn-sh-p-Xv Ahv ITn-\a
- mb in-bp-spw
Amlp Ah-tcmSv {]Xn-Imcw sNp-sapw BenCwdm: 4epw ]dnp-v.
Jp-B kq- hp-In-n-bnv Ahsb Xn-d
- b
- p-Ibpw Fmw ]Tn-h
- cm-sWv Al-c
- n-p-Ibpw sNp-h
- acn-p ka-bv X Im^n-dm-bn-cpp
Fv kzbw kmywhln-p--XmWv. Jp-B-\ns samw Bi-b-n Amlp-hn hniz-kn-m--h, Jp-B kzoI-cn-p-Ibpw, \_n-h-N\w kzoI-cn-mXn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp--h, Am-lp-hns ZqXam-cn Nnesc kzoI-cn-p-I-bpw,
ap-Nn-esc kzoI-cn-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-h
- , Jp-B kq- NneXv kzoIcn-p-Ibpw NneXv Xnc-kvI-cn-p-Ibpw sNp--h, abn-ep-Xv kzoI-cn-p-Ibpw, aZo-\-bn-ep-Xv kzoI-cn-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp--h, AYhm samw JpB-\ns Bi-bs kzK-n-te-p Sn-mbn (X-Zvn-dx) D]-tbmKsSpm
Bfp-I-fmWv bYm kXy\ntj-[n-Isfpw, Ccw Im^n-dp-Iv AXn-\n-yambin Hcp-n-sh-n-p-spw An-km-Av: 150-151 ]d-npv. _Jd: 85, Ahv Cl-n \ny-Xbpw ]c-n AXn-IT
- n-\a
- mb in-bp-amWv XmoXv
sNbvXnpXv. Am-lp-hn \np thZw hp-In-n-bn-n-m--h Im^n-dm-hpI-bn-spw, thZw hp-In-n-bnv D]-tbm-K-s-Sp--m-h-cmWv Im^n-dp-I-sfpw
\nw-ibw a\-n-em-mw.
Ad-AvZv: 18 ]d-bp-p: X-fpsS \mY\v Ghpw \-\n-ev Dcw \Ip-h hnP-bn-IfmWv. Dcw \Im-h
- Ahv `qan-bn-ep k-kzhpw A{Xth-sdbpw AXnt\m-sSmw tNpInn Jnbm-a-p\mfnse insbsmv ]Icw
\Im-sav hnNm-cn-m Ah-cn\nv kzoI-cn-sSp-Ib
- n-. Aq-v Ghpw
Zpjn hnNm-c-W-bp-v, Ah-cpsS ktXw \c-I-am-Ip-p, F{X tamis sXmn-ep-
42
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
I (BenCw-dm: 91, amCZ: 36, bq\pkv: 54, kpa: 47 Iqn-hm-bn-pI). kpa: 18

]d-bp-p: Jp-B hN-\
- {inp tIp-Ibpw ]noSv AXns\ Ghpw \\n-ep ]n]-p-Ibpw sNp--h am{X-am-Ip-p Am-lp- kamKn-emn-b-hcpw, _pn-amam-cpw. Ass: 57, Atm BcmtWm Am-lp-hns Xr]vXnbn \Ip-Ib
- pw, A\p-kc
- W
- t- -Sn\nv ]nn-cn-bp-Ib
- pw, Ghpw \-Xns\ (JpB\n-s\) kXy-s-Sp-p-Ibpw sNbvX-Xv, Atm Ahs Imcy-sf \mw Ffp-amn sImSp-pIbpw, BcmtWm ]nipv ImWn-p-I-bpw, Am-lp-hns\ B{i-bnmsX kzbw ]cym]vXX \Sn-p-I-bpw, Ghpw \-Xns\ (Jp-B-s\) If-hm-pIbpw sNbvXX
- ,v Atm Ahs Imcy-s
- fmw {]bmk-ap-X
- mn amp-Ibpw sNp-XmWv Fp]d-n-p-v. C_vdm-low: 22, F\nv \n-fn bmsXmcp A[nIm-c-hp-ap-m-bn-cp-n-, \nsf Hv hnfn-p-t\mn F-m-sX, Atm \n-
Fs hnfn-p-cw \In. AXp-sImv \n Fs Ip-s-Sp-t-, \n
\nsfs Ip-s-Sp-n-sm-pI Fv hnNm-cW Ign-X
- n\ptijw ]nimNv
]d-smgnbp- cwKw ap-dn-bnv \In-bn-p-v. apl-Zv: 89 kqfn,
Amlp Cd-nb Jp-B kq--tfmSv hntcm-[w-sh-pIbpw, AXn-t\mSv aSpv
ImWn-p-Ibpw sNp \ntj-[n-IfpsS {]h-\- ]mgm-bn-tmbn Fp-]-dn-p-v.
Npcp--n Jp-B e`n-m-, ImWm-, sXmSm Hcmsf Im^n (aqSn-sh--h) Fp-]d-bm Jp-B-\n sXfn-hn. Cv, apkven X-sfmw
hnizm-kn-Ifpw Aapkven-sfmw Im^n-dp-I-fpamsWv kzbw Xocp-am-\n-n-cn-p-IbmWv. Fm apkven-fn\n-mWv Im^n-dpIfpw, A{I-an-Ifpw, sXm-Sn-Ifpw,
apPvcnapIfpw, ey-t_m[w \-s-h
- c
- pw, {]b-h
- cpsamw Dm-hp-Is
- bv bYm{Iaw _Jd : 99, amCZ: 67, ABw: 21, AAvdm^v: 40,175,179, bq\pkv: 17 kq-fn ]d-n-p-v. Cs apkven-fpsS PohnXw Inv Bsc-nepw JpBs\
sXn--cn-p-I-bpw, AXv kan-p Pohn-X-n-tev hcm aSn-p-I-bpw, AXns\-Xn-cn in-p-Ibpw sNp-p-s-n, `qcn-]whcp Aapkvensf JpB\n\nv XS--Xn-\p inIqSn hln-t-Xv \oXn-am-\mb Am-lp-hns
tImS-Xn-bn Cs apkvenfpw Ahsc \bn-p ]WvUn-Xam-cp-am-bn-cnpw
(ABw: 26 t\mp-I).
hmbp, shw, shfn-w, av XpSn k-{k-m-hns Fm A\p-{K-lfpw Fm a\pjypw Hcp-t]mse Ah-Im-is
- -X
- m-Wv. Fm Ah-s Ghpw
henb A\p-{K-l-amWv Ah-\n\n-p hgn-Im-nbpw, kXym-kXy hnthN\ Dcpw thZ-{K-
- ns ]q-cq-]h
- pamb Jp-B. AXv GsX-nepw aX-tm
PmXntm am{X-am-bn- Ah Ah-X-cnn-n-p-Xv (bm-ko: 70, lpP-dmv: 13).
AXv kzoI-cnv Pohn-m krn-I-sf \nev Fm a\p-jypw _m[y-X-bp-v.
AXn\v t]cv, thjw, aXw Fn-h-sbmpw amtXn-sv _Jd: 62epw, amCZ:
69epw Amlp ]d-n-p-v. {]hm-N-Is PohnXw kmy-s-Spn Pohn-p
hnizm-kn-If
- psS kwL-an-m-X
- n-\m Cs Aapkvenv thZ-{K-
- ns
apJ-hpc
43
ASn-m-\
- n hnizmkw cq]-s-Spn sXp-sN-msX Pohn-mXs kzK-ntev t]mImw. apkvenw kwL-S-\-I-fn tNv apivcnp-IfmI-cp-sXv Adqw: 3132 kq--fn Amlp hnizm-kn-Isf XmoXv sNbvXn-p-apv (_-Jd: 112, 176,
ABw: 158-159, apAvan\q: 51-53 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
Pohn-Xe
- yw:
`qan-bn Ftm, GXv \mn, Fhn-sS, GXv tKm{X-n, GXv hwi-n,
GXv amXm-]n-Xm--fn P\n--W-sav kz-ambn Xocp-am\nm Hcp a\p-jy\pw
km[y-a
- . Hch[nhsc a\pjy `qan-bn \ntbm-KnsXns eyw, Jp-B\ns
Bibw D]-tbm-Knv Ah-ch
- sc Xncn-d
- n-v {km-hns\ Xncn-d
- nv kzKw ]WnbpXn\v thnbmWv. apv: 2 Amlp ]d-bpp: ac-Whpw P\-\hpw krjvSnXv Ah-\m-Wv\n-fn BcmWv Ghpw `wKn-bmbn {]hn-p-s
- Xv t\mn
Is-m thn. lqZv: 7, Ilv^v: 7 kq--fnepw CtX Bibw ]d-n-p-v.
"Clvkm' Fp]d-m, \o Am-lp-hns\ ImWp-Xv t]mse\o Am-lphns\ ImWp-n-s-nepw Amlp \ns ImWp-pv F t_m[-n \ne-sImp-I Fm-sWv \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. AYhm Am-lp-hns\ Ip-sImv
Ncn-p--h-cmWv aplvkn-\o-. \lv: 90 Amlp \oXnbpw Clvkm\pw
I]n-pp Fpw, \lv: 128-, \nbw Am-lp, Ahs\ lrZ-b
- n kqnp--h-tcm-sSm--hpw, Ahs\ JpB\ns Bi-b-n Ip-sImv Ncn-p--htcm-sSm--hp-am-Wv Fpw ]d-n-p-v. Ckm: 2, a\p-jys\ BWn-sbpw
s]n-sbpw \pXzv^bn\nv krjvSn-Xv ]co-n-m thn-bm-Wv, AXn\pthns-bmWv Ah\v tIhnbpw ImgvNbpw _pn-i
- nbpw \InbXv Fpw,
3, a\p-jyv, Hp-In \n-{]-I-Sn-n-p--h As-n \n-sI--h F
cmsemcp amKw sXscsSp-p--Xn-\p kzmX{yw \In Fpw ]d-np-v.
]c-aI
- m-cp-Wn-I\
- mb \njv]
- h
- m-\mb Amlp Hcm-sfbpw kzK-n-tetm
\c-I-n-tetm Bp-n-. kzKhpw \c-Ihpw ]Wn-bp-Xv Ah-c-h Xs-bmWv. Ben-Cw-dm: 185- Amlp ]d-bp-p: Fm Hmtcm Bmhpw ac-Ws cpNnpw, \n-fpsS {]Xn-êw hn[n-Zn-h-k-\m-fn \I-s-Sp-Ibpw sNpw. Atm
BcmtWm Ahsc A-h-c-h-cm \c-I-n\nv XS-bp-I-bpw, kzK-n {]th-inn-s
- -Sp-Ibpw sNbvXX
- v, Ah hnP-bn-p. Cl-tem-I- Po-hnXw hm-\]
- c
- a
- mb Hcp
hn`hw am{X-am-Ip-p. _Jd: 281-, \n Am-lp-hn--tev aS--s-Sp
HcpZn\s kqn-p-Ibpw sNp-I. ]ns Fm Hmtcm \^vkn\pw AXv km-Zn-Xn-\p ]cn-]q {]Xn-êw \I-s-Sp-X
- m-Ip-p. Ah- A\oXn ImWn-s
- Sp-hcm-hp-Ibpan-. C_vdm-low: 1, Ah-c-h-cpsS \mYs CwKn-X-tm-Sp-IqSn
F ]Zw {]tXyIw {in-p-I. AYhm kamKw Hmtcm-cp-cpw Ah-cpsS DS-atbmSv tNmZnv hm-Ww. A-msX apl-Zv \_n- AS--ap {]hm-N-Iamtm
ap alm-m-tm Hpw Xs Hcm-sfbpw kamK-n-te-m-m km[y-a
(_-Jd: 272, Ben-Cw-dm: 30, bq\p-kv: 99-100, Alv: 111, kpa: 41, Jkz-kv: 56
44
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
kq- Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
kzK-hm-kn-I-fmb hnizm-kn-I \msf ]d-bp-Ibpw sNpw: Cu kzKw In--hw \s amK-Zi\w sNbvX Am-lp-hn-\m-Ipp k-kvXp-Xn-bpw,
Amlp \s amK-Zi\w sNbvXn-p-m-bn-cp-n-s-n \mw amK-Zi\w sNsh-cm-Ip-am-bn-cp-n--. \nbw \psS \mY-s- Zq-Xam kXyhpw sImph-h
Xsbmbn-cp-p. \n {]hn-p-sIm-n-cp--Xn\v {]Xn-^-e-ambn Cu kzKw
A\--cm-h-Im-i-ambn FSp-psImp-I- Fv Ah-tcmSv hnfnp]d-b-s-Sp-Ibpw
sNpw (A-Avdm^v: 43). kPZ: 19--, hniz-kn-p-Ibpw kI A\p-jvTn-pIbpw sNp-h
- v kzKw hncpmbn, Ah {]hn-n-cp-X
- n\v {]Xn-ê
- ambn
e`n-p-sav ]d-n-p-v. BenCwdm: 136, AI-_q-v: 58, kpa: 74 XpS-nb
kq Ah-km-\n-p--Xv, Atm {]hn-p--hv Inp {]Xn-êw
F{X A\p-{K-l- k-q-sa Bi-bt- mSv IqSn-bm-Wv. kzK-hm-kn-I Am-lphn-s\-bmWv Ahsc kamKn-I-fm-n-b-Xn\v kvXpXn-p--Xv. AYhm Ah
sFlnItemIv Pohn-n-cp-Xv Am-lp-hns {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fm-bnmWvv.
\c-Ihpw Ah-c-h Xs-bmWv km-Zn-p--Xv. \n Icn-p in
cpNn-p-sIm-pI F Bi-b-n-emWv B-en-Cw-dm: 181, A^m: 50, lv: 9
kq-s
- fmw Ah-km-\n-p-X
- v. Ben-Cw-dm: 182, A^m: 51, lv: 10 Fo
kq-
- , AXv (\-cI
- w) \n-fpsS ssII Hcp-n-sh-X
- mWv, AmsX Amlp
Ahs ASn-a-I-tfmSv A]wt]mepw A\oXn ImWn-p--h-\ F Bi-b-nepXpamWv. liv: 18- Amlp hnizm-kn-Isf hnfnv ]d-bp-p: \n Amlp-hns\ kqn-t hn[w kqn-p-I, Hmtcm-cp-cpw \mtf-p-thn (]-c-temI-tv thn) FmWv km-Znv shn-p-s
- Xv t\mn-Im-Wp-Ibpw sNp-I.
Hmtcm-cp-cpw Ah sFln-It- em-Ipshv km-Zn-Xv ImWp-Zn\w: Hm IjvSw,
Rm am-bn-on-cp-s-n F{X \m-bn-cp-t-s\ Fv Jp-B aqSn-sh
\ntj[n ]d-bp-XmsWv \_Av: 40- apdnbnv \In-bn-p-v. An-km-Av:
42Dw kam-\m- i-bap kq-am-W.v Ilv^:v 57, PpapA: 7 kq- Iqn-hmbnpI.
J
- pB-\ns Bm-hv:
Fm-Im-cyhpw hni-Zo-I-cn JpB\n Hcp-Im-cyhpw hgn-p--h-gn-bmbn ]dn-n-. Fm Jp-B kq- ]c-kv]cw hncp--am-hpI-bp-an-. Atm
Jp-B\
- ns hmp-I Iqn-tbm-Pnnv hmbnv a\-n-em-W
- w. Jp-B\
- n FmIm-cy-fpw Hn-e-[nIw e--fn Bhn-n-p--Xn-\m AXn\v "akm\o'
Fp-]-d-bp-p.
Nne kq- \_n-bpsS Ime-tv _m[-I-a-, ]nme-mWv _m[I-am-bn hcp-Xv. DZm-lc
- Ww: (1). ^pJm: 52- Amlp ]d-bpp: Atm \o
Jp-B aqSn-sh-p Im^n-dp-Isf A\p-k-cn--cp-Xv, Ah-tcmSv Jp-BsImv
A[n-I-cn PnlmZv sNpI. ChnsS Im^n-dp-I I]-S-hn-izm-knI-fm-Wv. Ccw
I]-S-hn-izm-knI--tfmSv Jp-BsImv PnlmZv sNm-\mWv ]Tn-n--Xv (Xu_: 73
t\mp-I). AtX-k-abw \_n-bpsS Imev \S bp--sfmw hm, ]cn-N,
Av, hnv, Ipw XpS-nb Bbp-[- D]-tbm-Kn-p-sIm-mbn-cp-p. Fm
apJ-hpc
45
Cv h[-an-, adnv Jp-BsIm-p PnlmZv am{X-am-Wp--Xv. (2). An-km-Av:

91, Xu_: 123, Alvkm-_v: 61 Fo kq--fn ap\m-^n-Jp-Isf Ip-ap-p-n-Sp-shv h[n-p-I-f-bm hnizm-kn-I-fpsS kwL-tmSv I]n-p-pv. Fm
Cu I]\ CXp-h-scbpw \S-nem-nbn-n-. AXv C\n Cukm-\_n h-tijw
am{X-amWv \S-n-em-hp-I. \mSns tI{-amb a tI{oIcnv CXp-hsc Bcpw
`cWw \S-n-bn-n-, AXpw C\n Cukm-\_n h-tijw am{X-amWv \S-n-em-hpI.
t\mv, s]cp-m XpS-n-bh Jn_ve tIo-I-cnv temI-p-samw Htc-\m-fn
GIo-I-cn--s-Sp-Xpw AXn-\p-ti-j-w am{X-am-bn-cn-pw.
\_n-bpsS Ime-v \S-n-em-nb Nne kq- Cv \Snem-m km[ya-. DZm-lcWw: (1). hy`nPm-cn-Wn-I-sf-bpw, hy`n-Pm-cn-I-sfbpw \qdv ASn-hoXw ASn-Ws
- a-pw, hnizm-kn-If
- n \npsmcp kwLw AXn\v kmyw-hl
- n-W
- s
- apw
Aq: 2 I]n-Xv Cv \S-n-em-m km[y-a-. ImcWw Cv hnizm-kn-IfpsS kwL-an-, Ipw sNm--h thWw in \S-n-em-m. Cukm-\_n ]Tnn-p-I-bp-mbn "]m]w sNm--h Is-dn-bs'. Atm hnhm-ln-X-cmb kv{Xo
]pcp-jam hy`n-Pcn-m Is-dnv sIm Xs-bmbncpp Cukm-\-_n-bpsS
Ime-papmbn-cp Ckvemanse in. AXv apl-Zv \_n-bpsS Imepw \Snem-n-bn-p-v. Fm C\nbpImew AXv \S-n-em-m km[y-a-. hy`n-Pm-ct-m ISp Ip-amb, {]Ir-Xnv hncp-a
- mb{]h-np-h
- s
- \-bpw, {]hn-s-Sp--h-s\bpw h[n-Wsav apl-Zv \_n ]Tn-n enhmv (kz-hKkwt`mKw) sNm-h
- cmbn Bcp-an-m-X
- m-Wv ImcWw. Cv hy`n-Pm-cn GsSp kv{Xo ]pcp-jam-tcm-Sp kao-]\w An-km-Av: 15-16 ]d-Xv am{X-amWv.
(2). Iv \nam\w sNbvXXv hnhn[L-fn-em-bn-m-Wv. BZyambn _Jd:
219 Amlp ]dp: AXn \bpw Xn-bp-apv. AXn-ep Xn-I \-tbm A[n-I-am-Wv. tijw An-km-Av: 43-, el-cn- _m-[n--h-cmbn \n \akvIm-c-tm-S-Sp-cpsX I]\- aptJ\ IpIpSn Npcp-n. Ah-km\w amCZ:
90-91 {]Imcw ""\n-bw, Iv amen-\y-am-Wv, AXv \n hnpI'' F I]\-tbmsS aZyw kq-ambn hntcm-[n-p. Fm Cv Ah-km-\s cpIev]\bpw \a-kvIc
- n-p-h
- tcm Am-h
- tcm hI-shbv
- p-n-sv ImWmw. Atm
Ah-tcmSv BZy-Iev]\
- b
- n ]d-{- ]-Imcw Jp-B\
- ns Bibw hni-Zo-Ic
- n-p-sImv
aZy-]m\w \nm D]-tZ-in-pI am{Xta Cv km[y-am-hp-I-bp-q.
GsXmcp Imcy-nepw Xocp-am\w ssIsIm-pXv AXn-t\m-S-\p-_-nndnb kq-s
- fmw Iqn-hm-bn-p-thWw. DZm-lc
- Ww: (1). Ckvdm-Av: 23-, amXm]n-Xm-t- fmSv \-bn hn-W
- w, Ahcn-sem-cm \ns-bS- p- hb-mbn Fnm Ah-tcmSv "sO' Fp-t]mepw ]d-bc
- p-Xv Fv Iev]n-n-p-s-n- epJvam: 15,
AI-_q-v: 8 Fo kq--fn, ""B amXm-]n-Xm- \n\v Adn-hn-m
Imcy- Am-lp-hns A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i--fn ]p-tNm \n_-n-p-Ibm-sW-n Ahsc A\p-k-cn--cp-sX-pw, Ah-tcmSv Cl-n Jp-B-\ns XWen-ep _w am{Xw ]pep-I, \o Am-lp-hn-tev Xncn--h-cpsS amKw ]n]p-Ibpw sNpI'' FmWv ]d-n-p--Xv. Xu_: 23, hnizm-kn-Isf hnfnv
46
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
Amlp ]d-bpp: \n \n-fpsS ]nXm--sftbm ktlm-Z-c--sftbm, Ah

hnizm-k-n-\p-ta \ntj-[-amWv C-s-Sp--sX-n Ahsc tXmgam-cpw, kwc-I-cp-ambn sXsc-s-SpcpXv. \n-fnemsc-nepw Ahsc sXsc-s-Sp-m,
Atm Aq- Xs-bmWv A{I-an-I. apPm-Zne: 22-, Am-lp-hnepw Ay-Zn\-nepw hniz-kn-p Hcp P\-Xsb, Am-lp-hn-t\m-Spw, Ahs ZqX-t\mSpw hntcm[w-shp]pep-h
- c
- p-am-bn-A
- X
- v Ah-cpsS amXm-]n-Xm-t- fm, ]p{Xam-tcm, ktlmZ-c
- t- fm-, _p-tfm, t\Xm-tfm B-cm-sW-nepw icnaa-Xb
- n hn-p-h
- cmbn \o Is-p-I-bn Fp-]-d-n-p-v. amXm-]n-Xm-fpsS hnizmkw cq]-sSp-m Jp-B\
- ns Bi-bs
- amw ]d-p-sIm-Spnpw Ah hnizm-kn-If
- m-ImsX
ac-Ws
- -Sp-IbmsW-n Ahp-thn s]mdp-e
- ns\ tXS {]hm-NI
- t\m hnizmkn-Itm tbmPn--X-sv Xu_: 113-epw, amXm-]n-Xm- F, Bcm-bmepw
Jp-B Bibw Adnv aqSn-sh-p I-]S- h
- n-izm-kn-If
- m-sW-n Ahp-thn
anv \a-kvI-cn--cp-sXv Xu_: 84-epw ]d-n-p-v. AlvJm-^v: 1718 {]Imcw
hnizm-kn-I-fmb amXm-]n-Xm--tfmSv "sO' Fp-]-d-bp-Ibpw, Rm acn-m hopw
]pd-s-Sp-hn--s-Sp-sav FtmSv \n hmKvZw sNp-pthm Fv tNmZn-pIbpw sNp afpsS Imcy-nemWv apv Ign-p-t]mb Pnp-I-fnepw a\p-jycn-epw-s] kap-Zm-b
- t- fm-sSmw \c-I
- n {]th-in-p-sIm-pI F hN\w ncs-p-I-gn-Xv. Npcpn Hmtcm hynI-tfmSpw hnhn[ k`--fn ]ment hn[n-hn-e-p-I hnhn[ kq--fn-eqsS Amlp ]Tn-n-n-p-v. Am-lphns kz`m-h-am-bn-cnpw Ahs {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmb hnizm-kn-Ip-m-hp-I. Adnnv Dtiy]qw Ipw sNp I]-S-hn-izmkn-Iv Amlp Hcn-epw s]mdpp-sIm-Sp-p-I-bn-, Adn-bmsX sXpsNp--hv Amlp s]mdp-p-sIm-Sptpw. Hcp Xn Im ssIsImv XS-bp-I, AXn\v km[n-n-s-n \mhpsImv XS-bp-I, AXn\pw km[n-n-s-n a\-p-sImv Ahsc shdp-p-I, AXpw
sNbvXn-s-n Ah\v ]ns ISp-Ip-aW
- n-q-t- mfwt]mepw hnizm-kansv \_n
(k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. sXpw icnbpw a\-n-em-m-\p-XI
- p _kzm-Cd
- m-b, ^pJm-\m
b, Xpem-kmb Jp-B\
- ns Bibw Inn-bnv D]-tbm-Ks
- -Sp-m-h
-
- mWv Amlp
s]mdp-p-sIm-Sp-m-Xn-cn-p-I, Ah-tcmSv Ah {]Xn-Imcw sNp-Xpam-Wv (k-PZ:
22)
Fs\ hmbn-Ww:
Jp-B\ns Bibw a\p-jy-cpsS lrZ-b
- ns `mj-bn Fn-p-sIm-Spv
Ah-sc {km-hn-tev hnfn-p--Xn\pw, {km-hns apn Dcw ]d-bm Xmdmp-Xn\pw Dt-in-p-sImv am{XamWv "JpB\ns Bmhv' F Cu
X^vkodn\vv XpSw Ipdn-np-X
- v. Jp-B kq-sf Jp-B kq-sImpw, AXns hni-Zo-I-c-W-amb \_n hN-\-sImpw hni-Zo-I-cn-p-I-bmWv
CXn sNbvXn-p--Xv. Hmtcm kq--fp-sSbpw Cm-e-t-p "auC-fv'(kam-\a
- mb D]a DZm-lW
-
- ) AXmXv kq-f
- n Nqn-m-Wn-m {iann-p-v.
kzw A`n-{]mbtam Bi-btam Fhn-sSbpw hcm-Xn-cn-m\pw, Jp-B {kmhv
apJ-hpc
47
Dtin hn[-n hni-Zo-Icn-m DtinpsImpw {]mn-p-sIm-p-amWv CXv

\n-ln-n-p-Xv. {Kw apgp-h hmbn--pIgn--Xn\p-tijw am{Xw hni-Zo-I
cWn A_-- kw`-hn-n-p-s-n Nqn-m-Wnv Xncp-m At]-np-p.
ap-dn-bnv:
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv hon shdpsX shm-\p--X-, CXv \ns ssIIfnsem Ah-kc-samcp-n-bXv k{km-hm-Ip-p. CXv hmbnv a\-n-em-m
kabw Is-m-Xn-cn-p-I-tbm, hmbntijw ]n]n Pohnm-Xn-cn-p-Itbm
sNbvXm CXv kv]in \ns Ipw, CXv I \ns Ipw, sXmen-bp-samw
\msf Am-lp-hns tImS-Xnbn \n\-s-Xn-cn kmyw-h-ln-pXpw hmZn-p-Xp-am-Wv. Ghpw \ h-am\w Am-lp-hns {K-am-sWv \_n ]Tn-n-ncns, {km-hns apJ-]-{X-amb Jp-B-\ns Bibw hmbn-msX at-sXmcp
]{Xhpw {Khpw {]kn-o-I-c-W-fpw hmbn-, hnizm-knIv tbmPn--X-Xs.
Hmn-pI:
Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n\n-mWv ]nimNv XS-bpI F-Xn-\m AnIv
hmbn-m XpS-p-tm ]nimNv \ns XS-bm {ian-p--XmWv. aS-p-m-nbpw, Ddw hcp-n-bpw, ka-ba
- n-m-Xm-nbpw ap {]iv\
- hen-n-psImpw \ns
XS-bm-\p Ignhv Amlp Ah\v sImSp-n-p-v. Bi-b-an-msX Jp-B- HmXpI-bm-sW-n Ah t{]mm-ln-n-p-Ib
- mWv sNp-I. AXp-t]mse \o CXv ]n]m XpS-p-tm a\p-jy-n-im-Np- \ns ]cn-l-kn-m-\pw, H-s-Sp-m\pw
{ian-pw. AXn-\m ]nim-Nns {]tem-`\
- s
- -sm-pw, òj-Wn-s-Sp-e
- n-s\-smpw, p{Z {]h-\--sfsmpw Ahsbpw \nsbpw DS-a-bn A`-bw-tX-Sp-I.
"Fs \mYm, F\nv Adnhv hn-nv Xtc-Wta' Fv lrZ-bw-sImv
{]mn-p-sImpw kwib- Hman-p-sImpw JpB Bibw hmbn-p-t]mhp-I. ASna DS-a-bp-am-bp kw`m-j-W-n Gs-Sp-tm kwi-b-p
adp-]Sn {Ia-n e`n-p-X
- m-W.v BZy-Zn-hk
- s hmb-\b
- n kwi-b
- v Dcw
e`n-n-n-s-n hmb\ XpS-cp-I. Ah-km-\n-p--Xn\v apv Dcw e`n-m-Xn-cn-pI-bn-. kq- Iqn-hm-bn-m ]d-Xpw, hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mm ]d-Xpw
A-tm Xs X^vkodn t\mn Dd-p-h-cp-pI. AYhm Hcp Bb-n-t\mSv
Iqn-hm-bn-m ]d aqv kq-fps-n Ah aqpw-IqSn tNcp-tm AhIfnep Bi-b-n\v ]pdsa ]pXnb BibIqSn hmb-\-mv e`n-p--Xm
Wv. CXmWv Jp-B-\ns Bibw Fgp-Xn-bmepw ]d-mepw Xocp-I-bn-sv ]d-Xns s]mcp. Jp-B\
- ns Bibw hmbn-p-X
- n\v Ghpw \kabw sXscs-Sp-t--Xpw, ap[mc-W-I-sfm-p-an-msX {]k-hn Ipns \njvI-f--Xtbm-Sp-IqSn AXns\ kao-]n-tXp-am-Wv. samw Jp-B Bibw hmbn-npw
Xocm kwi-b--fp-s-n Jp-B- Bibw Adn-bp--h-tcmSv tNmZnp ]Tn-
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
48
m aSn-Im-Wn-p-I-bp-a-cp-Xv. {km-hns samw krn-Ip Cu ktiw,

PmXn-a
- X
- - c
- m{ hyXym-ka
- n-msX Ghpw Fn-p-sIm-Sp-p-X
- n\v Fmhpw
_m[y-Xb
- p-sv Hman-n-p-p. AXn\pthn CXns tImn-IsfSppw hnhn[
`mj-I-fn-tev ]cn-`m-j-s-Sp-nbpw Cu kwc-`-n Fm Hmtcm-cp-pw ]mfn-I-fm-hp--Xm-Wv.
R-fpsS DS-a-bmb \mYm, Rv \o Dt-in--{]-Imcw Jp-B-\ns
Bibw a\-n-em-m-\pw, AXv ]n]-t--hn[w ]n]-m\pw thpI \tI-Wta. Jp-B Rv A\p-Iq-ea
- mbn kmn-\np-Ib
- pw, hmZn-p-Ibpw sNp
hn[-n (Rs-Xn-cm-bn- \mYm), D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-m Rsf \o A\p{K-ln-t-W-ta, Hm IcpW sNp--h-cn Ghpw \mbn IcpW sNp--h-t\.
A ^mXnl (1)
49
]c-aI
- m-cp-Wn-I\pw Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[n-bp-amb
Am- l p- h n- s \mawsIm- v
k kvXp-Xnbpw (Fm-bvtmgpw Fhn-sSbpw)
k-tem-Ifp-sSbpw DS-bmb Am-l
v p-hn\v am{Xam-Ip-p. ]c-a-Imcp-Wn-I\pw Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[n-bpambh. hn[n-Zn-h-k-ns A[n-]-\mbh.
R \n\-p-thnam{Xw Pohn-p-p, AXn\v
\ntm-Sp-am{Xw R klmbw tXSp-Ibpw
sNp-p. Rsf \o Ghpw sNmmb amKn amKZi\w sNt-Wta! \ns A\p-{Kln\v Al-cmb-hc
- psS amK-n. tIm]nsh-cpsSbpw hgnsXn hyXn-N-en--h-cp-sSbpw
amKn-e.....-Ba
- o.
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
50
]c-aI
- m-cp-Wn-I\pw Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[n-bp-amb Am-lp-hns \maw-sImv
1. A ^mXnl
Jp-B-\ns apJ-hp-c-bmWv kqd: ^mn-l-. Cu kqdv a-bn-emWv Ah-X-cn-
Xv. Jp-B-\nse Ghpw al-mb kqd-m-Wn-sXv \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v.
AlnPv 87-mw kq-n Amlp ]d-bp-p: ""\n-bw \n\v Bhn-m-hnphcp Ggv kq-fpw al-mb Jp-B\pw \In-bn-p-v''. Cu Ggv kq--fn
samw Jp-B-\ns kmcmwiw AS-n-bn-cn-p--Xn-\m AXn\v DpIn-Xm_v Fpw
DpJp- B Fpw t]cp- s v \_n (k) ]Tn- n- n- p- v . ap \_n- a mv
\ImXpw apl-Zv \_nv am{Xw \InbXpamb cp {]Im-i-fmWv ^mXnlbpw
kqd: _J-d-bpsS Ah-km-\s aqv kq-fpw. ASna ^mXn-lbneqsS DSatbmSv
_-sv lnZm-bv (kmKw) tNmZn-p-tm AXn\v adp-]-Sn-bmbn {km-hn\nv
\--IpXmWv _Jd apX Amkv hsc--bp Jp-B kq-.
i]n--s, ImcpWyw hne--s ]nim-Nns Xn-bn\nv Rm Amlp-hn icWw tXSp-p.
""Atm \o Jp-B hmbn-p-tm i]n--s ]nim-Nn\nv Am-lp-hn
icWw tXSn-sm-pI'' F A-lv 98-s Iev]\ {]Imcw \_n (k) Cs\
{]mn-n-cp-p.
""Fmw tIp-h\pw Fmadn-bp-h\p-amb Amlp-hn-s\-smv, i]n-s
]nim-Nns {]tem-`-\ssmpw `b-s-Sp--en-s\-smpw a{w amcWw t]mep
p{Z -{]-h-\-sfsmpw -Rm A`bw tXSpp''. Cu {]m\ kqdv apAv-an\q 97-98 kq--fpsS Iev]-\ \S-n-em-- IqSnbmWv.
]nimNv Pnv hK-n s]-h-\m-bn-cp-sv AIlv^v: 50-epw, a\p-jyv
apv Pnp-Isf Xozm-e-bn \nv krjvSn-n-p-m-bn-cp-p Fv lnPv: 27-epw ]dn
pv. Pnp-Iv a\p-jysctmse Xs hnizmkw kzoI-cn-m\pw kzoI-cn-m-Xn-cnm\pw kzmX{-y-ap-v. kzX{ krjvSn-I-fmb Pnp-Ifn\np hnizmknIv
ae-p-I-tf-m DX ]Zhnbpvv. B Pnp-I-fpsS t\Xm-hm-bn-cpp ]nim-Nv. apnbm i_vZ-ap-mIp, ZpKw han-p Idp Ifn-apsImv a\p-jysc krjvSnv
kp-e\
- s
- -Spn AXn Fs dqln\nv DuXn-bm \n-sf-m-hcpw Ahs apn
kp-PqZv sN-W-sav ae-p-I-f-S-p kZ-n-t\mSv Amlp Iev]n-p (ln-Pv: 29).
Atm C_veokv Hgn-sI-bphscmw kpPqZv sNbvXp. Ah Pnp-I-fn \np
\ntj-[n-I-fn s]-h-\m-bn-cpp Fv _Jd: 34--epw, kzmZv: 74-epw ]d-n-p-v. IfnapsImv krjvSn--s--hs apn XozmesImv krjvSn--s F\nv kpPqZv
sNm Ign-bp-I-bn-sv ]dv Ah hnk--Xn-p-I-bpw, Al-mcw \Sn-p-Ibpw
sNbvXp. Atm Amlp ]dp: \ns-ta hn[n-Zn-hk
- \
- mhsc im]-ap-v. Atm
Ah ]d-p: Fs \mYm, \o Dt-in-nv Xs-bt Rm kpPqZv sNm-Xn-cp--Xv?
AXp-sImv Chsc ]p\Pohnn-p\mhsc F\nv Ah-kcw \I-Ww. Amlp
A ^mXnl (1)
51
]dp: \n-bn--s (]p-\P-) \mfp-hsc \n\v Ah-kcw \In-bn-cn-p-p.

C\nbpw IqSp-X Xc-W-sav Bh-iy-s-tm Amlp ]dp: BZan\v Hmtcm km\-s \Ip-tmgpw \n\pw Hmtcm km-\s Xcmw, Ah-cpsS lrZ-b-n \n\v
Xma-kn-mw, c-n-eqsS k-cn-mw (A-Avdm^v: 17, Ckvdm-Av: 64 t\mpI) Atm
]nimNv ]dp: Fs \mYm, Fs \o ey-t_m[w \jvS-s-Spn hgn-]n-g-n--tm,
AXp-sImv Ahv `qan-bn-se PohnXw Rm Ae-m-c-amn ImWnpsImSp-p-I-bpw,
\n\pthn am{Xw Pohn-p- \njvI-f--cmb \ns ASn-a-IsfmgnsIbp-hsc Rm
hgn-]n-g-n-p-Ibpw sNpw. Amlp ]dp: CXmWv Fs t\sc-sNm-s-bp amKw.
AYhm Fs {]Xn-\n-[n-bmbn, Bm-hns `-W-amb Jp-B\ns BibwsImv
Fs lrZ-b-n kqnv Pohn-p--hscmgnsIbp-h-sc-sbmw \n\v ]mn-emmw. Pohn-X-e-y-w \jvS-sv \ns ]n]-p--h-cn-sem-gnsIbp Fs ASn-a-I-fp-Sta \n\v bmsXmcp kzm[o-\hpw (A-[n-Im-c-hpw) Dmbncn-p-X. Atm
\ntmSpw \ns ]n]-p-h-tcmSpw hmKvZw sNbvXn-p-Xv \c-I-am-Wv (ln-Pv: 2743, AAvdm^v: 11-18, kzmZv: 72-85 Iqn-hmbnp-I). An-km-Av: 117-118, Am-lphns\qSmsX Bsc hnfnp-I-bm-sW-nepw Ah kwi-b-ap-m-p-, i]n--s
]nim-Nn-s\-b-msX hnfn-pn-, Ahs\ Amlp i]n-n-p-v, ]nimNv ]dp: Rm
\ns ASn-a-I-fn \smcp kwLs ]mn-em-pIXs sNpw. \_n (k) ]Tn-n-np-v: Fm Hmtcm Bbn-cnepw sXmm-bn-cn sXmq-n-sbm-Xn-s\ ]nimNv ]mnemp-Xm-Wv, CXv A-hpw \nn-X-hpw Adn-b-s--Xp-am-Ipp.
A^m: 24- Amlp hnizm-kn-Isf hnfnv ]d-bpp: \n Adn-n-cn-pI, Amlp \n-fn \n-fp-sSbpw (B-m-hn-sbpw) lrZ-b-n-sbpw CS-bn-em-WpXv. Atm BmtWm Jp-B\ns BibwsImv \S---fn-epw Ccp-fnepw InS--fnepw "Amlv' F kvac-W-bp-Xv Ah am{X-amWv hnizm-kn-I.
Am-lp-hns\ ad--h ]nimNv ]mn-em-nb I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fm-Wv. AAvdm^v: 27-
Amlp ]d-bpp: \nbw ssiXzmamsc \mw hnizm-kn-I-f-m--hv c-Iam-cmn-bn-cn-p-p. hnizm-kn-bm-ImsX Hcmfpw kzK--n t]mhp-I-bn-sv apAvan: 40-
]d-n-p-v. Pnv Iqp-Im-cs\ hnizm-kn-bm-msX Hcmfpw hnizm-kn-bm-hp-I-bn-. Pnv
Iqp-Im-cs\ hnizm-kn-bm-m-\p Htc-sbmcp D]-I-cWw Jp-B\ns samw Bi-bam-Wv.
Jp-B\ns Bm-hmb Bi-b-n \nmWv ]nimNv XS-bp-I. Bi-b-an-msX
AXns icocw Xnp-tm ]nimNv XS-bp--Xn-\p-]-Icw t{]mm-ln-n-p-I-bmWv sN
pI. \_n (k) ]Tn-n-p:
\n Jp-B hmbn-p-I, lrZ-b-hp-ambn hmb\ CW-p-tm am{Xw. Ahcpw (lr-Z-bhpw hmb-\-bpw) Xn `nn-m hmb\ \nn- Fgp-tp t]m-hp-I.
\_n (k)-bpsS Cu Iev]\ Ap-ap-X Ay-\mhsc-bp Fm a\p-jypw _m[I-am-Wv. Atm Bibw Adn-bp klm-_n-I-fn (\-_n-bpsS A\p-N-c-m) t]mepw
]nimNv Bi-b-n\nv {i ap taJ-e-I-fn-tev sImpt-]m-Im {ian-p-sa-pw,
Atm JpB hmbn-m ]mSn-s-p-amWv \_n (k) ]Tn-n--Xns s]mcp. Bib-an-msX Jp-B hmbn-m, hmbn Jp-B Ah-s\-Xnsc kmywhln-p-I-bpw,
52
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
hmZn-p-Ibpw sNp--Xm-sWv \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v.

Jp-B \n\v A\pIqe {]am-W-amWv As-n FXn {]am-W-am-Wv. P\--fnshv Ghpw Xn-tb-dn-bh Bibw ]Tn-m {ian-msX Jp-B\ns icocw hmbn--p--h-\m-sW-pw, AXphgn Ah hnn\nv Av -sX-dn-p-t]mIpw hn[w Zo\n\nv sXdn-p-t]m-Ip-sapw
\_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-pv.
Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n \nmWv ]nimNv Fs XS--sX-pw, ]nimNv a\pjy\v alm h-I Bbn-cpspw, Bibw ]Tn-m Ah-k-c-ap-m-bnv AXn\v {ianm--h \msf ]c-tem-I-p-shv hne-]n-p cwKw ^pJm: 29- ap-dn-bnv
\In-bn-p-v. BcmtWm ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-Is\ kvacn-p--Xn\v D]-bp--amb Jp-B\ns
Bi-bssmv aSpp (A-I) ImWn-Xv, Ahs\ \mw Hcp ]nim-Nn\v G]n-psIm-Sp-p-Xpw, Ah Ahs Iqp-Im-c\mIp--Xp-am-Wv. Iqp-Imcmb ]nimNp
Ahsc bYm hgn-bn\nv XS-bp--Xpam-Wv. Fm Ah kamK-n-em-sW
v IW-p-Iq-pw. As\ Ah cp-t]cpw \n-tev hm Ah ]dbpw: Hm
Fs IjvSw, Fsbpw \ns-bp-an-S-bn cv DZ-b-m-\--fpsS hgn-Zq-c-ap-m-bn-cp-sn F{X \m-bn-cp-t-s\. Atm \o Ghpw Zpjn Iqp-Im-c Xs-bm-Wv.
As\ B{I-an-I-fmb cp-t]cpw in-bn ]p-tN-cpsapw kpKvdp-^v: 36-39 kq-fn ap-dn-bnv \In-bn-p-v.
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Iv Jp-B\ns Bi-b-adn-bpsanepw Ah-cXv ]n]-p-Itbm
ap--hv ]Tn-n-p-sIm-Sp-p-Itbm sNpIbn-. Atm Ahs\ ]nimNv Iog-S-pI-bpw, As\ Ah ey-t_m[w \jvS-s Kmho-\m-bn-o-cp-Ibpw sNp-sav
AAvdm^v: 175- ]d-ncn-p-p. Rms\ `mh-n Al \Sn--XmWv ]nimNv
i]n--s-Sm ImcWw. a\p-jy-cn I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I Al \Sn-phcm-bXpsImv
Ahcpw i]n--s--h-cm-Wv. Ah Nne \-bn-em-sWv IWpIq-p-I-bpw ]c-temIv Fm-h-scbpw Hcp-an-p-Iq-p \mfn, Cltem-Iv ap--h-tcmSv Jp-B\ns
Bi- b - a - d n- b msX HmXn- b mepw ]pWy- a p- s v m]np- - X n- \ p- t hn BW- b n- v
]dXpt]mse Am-lp-hn-t\mSv Ah BW-bnv ]d-bp--Xm-Wv: Rm Bibw ]Tnt Fp-]-d-n-n--tm, Jp-B-t\mSv ASp-n-p--Xn-\p-thn Bibw Adn-ns-nepw \n- JpB HmX-Ww, {ItaW Bibw ]Tn-p-Ibpw thWsa Dt-iytm-sSbmWtm Rm -]d-Xv. Fm CXv Amlp apl-Zv \_nbneqsS ]Tn-n-Xn\v t\sc hncp--am-Wv. Amlp ]d-bp-p: Adn-n-cn-p-I, \nbw Ah Ifhv
]d-bp-h
- Xs-bm-Wv, ssiXm (]n-im-Nv) Ahsc Iog-S
- n-bn-cn-p-p. Ah "Amlv'
F kvac-W-bp-m-p JpB\ns Bi-b-s-smv Ahsc ad-n-p-I-f-n-cnp-p. Aq--cmWv ]nim-Nns kwL-m. Adn-n-cn-p-I-, -]n-im-Nns kwL-m
Xs-bmWv Fmw \jvS-s-h (ap-Pm-Zne: 19). ap\m-^n-Jq: 1, \nbw ap\m-^n-JpI \pW]d-bp--h Xs-bm-sWv ]d-n-p-v.
Am-lp-hns\ ad--h Ahscs ad--h-cpw, ^mkn-JpIfp(sXmSn-I)
amsWv liv: 19--epw, Ah Xs-bmWv I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-sfv Xu_: 67-epw, I]-S-hniz-m-kn-I-f-msX Jp-B aqSn-sh-p-I-bn-sv _Jd: 99-epw ]d-n-p-v. I]-S-hn-izmkn-Isf Amlp h[n-n-p-sv ap\m-^n-Jq: 4-epw, Ah \c-I-ns ASn--n-em-
A ^mXnl (1)
53
sWv An-km-Av: 145-epw ]d-n-p-v. Cu a\p-jy-n-im-Np--fmb I]Shnizm-kn-I

a\p-jysc \c-I-n-tev ]nSn-p-h-env sImp-t]m-Ip-sa-pw, Ah Jp-B\ns
bYm Bibw aqSn-shv, hf-sm-Snv, amn-a-dnv km[m-cW P\-sf Am-lp-hns
bYm amK-n\nv sXnv ]nim-Nns amK-n-tev \bn-p-sa-pw, Ccw
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-sfbpw, Ah-cpsS kwkmcw tIp-I-bpw ]n]-p-Ibpw sNp \ntj[n-I-sfbpw \c-I-n Hcp-anpIqpsapw An-km-Av: 140- ]d-n-p-v. A-Bw:
112-, a\p-jy-cnepw Pnp-I-fnepws] ]nim-Np-sf Fm {]hm-N-Iampw i{Xp-fm-n-bn-p-sv ]d-n-pv (A-m-kv: 6 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Jp-B\ns samw
Bibn PohnXw \bn-p hnizm-kn-I-fp-sS-ta ]nim-Nn\v bmsXmcp A[n-Imc--hpan-sv \lv: 99-epw, Ckvdm-Av: 65epw, ]nim-Np--fmWv a\p-jysc amcWw ]Tn-n-p-sXv _Jd: 102epw ]d-n-p-v. Atm {]hm-NI
- amv ]co-W
- a
- m-bnv amcWw
ên-m-sa-n-epw, JpB\ns samw Bibw Dsmv Pohn-p hnizm-kn-Iv
amcWw _m[n-p-I-bn-. Am-lp-hns kwkmcamb Jp-B hmbn-p-tm _nkvan
sNmm Iev]n-n-n-s-nepw i]n--s ]nimNv Amlp Dt-in Bi-b-n\npw
XS-bm-Xn-cn-m thn Ah-\n\nv A`bw tXSm Iev]n-n-p-v.
Am-lp-hns samw Ien-am-p-I (h-N-\-)sImv Ah krjvSn-n-p
Fm Xnbn\npw Rm A`bw tXSppshv cmhn-sebpw sshIp-t-chpw aqv
{]mhiyw hoXw {]mn-m JpZpkn-bmb lZokn ]Tn-n-n-p-v. ChnsS JpB
sIm A`bwtXSp--Xv, Jp-B\ns Poh-\mb A-hpw Bmhmb Bi-bhpw
tN, dqlmb, Fgp-Xn-bmepw ]dmepw Xocm Ien-amv (hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww) sImmWv.
I-lv^v: 109, epJvam: 27 Iqnhmbn-pI
]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I\pw Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[n-bp-amb Am-lp-hns \mawsImv
]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I\pw Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[n-bp-amb Am-lp-hns \ma-wsImmWv hnizmkn-I GXv {]hrnbpw Bcw-`n-t--Xv. kqcym-cm-[-I-bmbncp io_m cmnv
]n-t\-Xm-hmb lpZvlp-Zn (a-cw-sIm-n)s ] kpsse-am \_n (A) sImSp-b Fgpv Z_m-dn apJy-msc hmbnp tIn-p- cwKw \wev: 30- ]cm-ainp-Xv C-s\-bmWv: ""\nbw CXv kpsse-am-\n\n-p--Xm-Wv. CXv Bcw-`n-n-pXv ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I\pw Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[n-bp-amb Am-lp-hns \mawsImm-Ip-p''
"_nkvan' Jp-B-\n kq-ambn hn-p--Xv \wev: 30- am{X-amWv. JpZvkn-bmb lZokn \_n ]Tn-np: ""Am-lp-hns kvac-W-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn \ne-sIm-p--h\v `qan-bntem
BIm-i
- f
- ntem Fhn-sSbpw Hcn-epw Hcm-]pw hcn-Ib
- n-, Ah-\m-Is Fmw tIp-h\pw Fmw Adn-bp--h-\p-am-Wv''. Iq-kn {]th-in-p-I, CW-tN-cp-I, `Ww
Ign-p-I, hml-\-n Ib-dp-I, hon\nv ]pd-n-dpI, Im-Sn- t\mpI XpS-nb
GXp {]hrn sNp-tmgpw Am-lp-hns \mawsImv Fv BmhpsImv kvacn-Ww. AmsX ap--hsc t_m[n-n-p--Xn-\p-thn _nkvan Dds D-cn-m-hp-X-. _nkvan lrZb-n kvacn-m _en- I-am-I-s, \a-kvIm-c-am-I-s, at-sXmcp
{]hrn-bm-Is AXv ]nim-Nn-\p--Xmbn amdp--Xm-Wv. lrZ-b-n Am-lp-hns
kvac-W-bn-msX \mhp-sImv _nkvan sNmn-bmepw AXv ]nim-Nn-\p--Xm-Wv (ABw: 119121, lqZv: 41 t\mp-I).
54
1.
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
k kvXp-Xnbpw (Fm-bvtmgpw Fhn-sSbpw) k-tem-Ifp-sSbpw DSa-bmb Am-lp-hn\v am{X-am-Ip-p.
Cu kqw Jp-B-\n cn-S--fn kq-am-bpw, aqv ev kq-`m-K-am

bpw Bhn-n-p-v.
1. A-Bw: 45: A-Bw: 42-44 kq--fn Amlp ]d-bp-p, \nbw \n\v
app kap-Zm-b--fn-tev \mw {]hm-N-Iamsc Ab-n-p-v-. B kaqlw hn\o-X-cm-Ip-Xn-\p-thn (]n Xmgvp--Xn-\p-th-n) hn]-p-Ifpw Zpcn-X-fpwsImv Ahsc
]nSn-Iq-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXn-p-v. As\ \psS hn-]v Ahv hs-n-b-tm Ah
hn\o-X-cm-Ip--Xn\v ]Icw IqSp-X [nm-cn-I-fm-hp-I-bm-Wp-m-b-Xv. Ah-cpsS {]h\--sfmw ]nimNv Ahv `wKn-bmbn tXmn-n-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. As\ Ahsc
Hman-n-psIm-n-cp-X-{Xbpw Ah ad--tm Fm A\p-{K-l--fp-sSbpw Ihm-S \mw Ahv Xpd-p-sIm-Sp-p. As\ B A\p-{K-l--fn Ah \n-{]-I-Snn-msX D-kn-v, Bm-Znv aXn-a-dv Ign-p-Iq-Sn-b-tm \mw Ahsc s]sv
]nSn-Iq-Sn. Atm-g-Xm Ah Bi-b C_veokp-I-fmbocp-p. A{I-an-I-fmb B P\X-bpsS ASn-thcv \mw Adp-p-I-f-p. Atm k-kvXp-Xnbpw k-tem-I--fpsSbpw DS-a-bmb Am-lp-hn-\m-Ip-p. ChnsS A{I-an-I-fmb [nm-cn-I-fmb P\-sf
\in-nv `qan Ahs krjvSn-Iv imn-tbmSpw kam-[m-\-tmSpwIqSn Pohn-m
D]-bp--amb \nebn AXns kp-e-\-n \ne-\nnb Am-lp-hns\ hnizmknI kvXpXn-p-I-bmWv. A{I-an-I-fmb Hcp P\-X-b-msX \in-n--s-Sptam Fv ABw: 47-epw, sXmSn-fmb (^m-kn-Jo--fm-b) Hcp P\-X-b-msX \in-n--s-Sptam Fv
AlvJm-^v: 35-epw tNmZn-p-p.
2. bq\p-kv: 10: bq\p-kv: 78 kq--fn Amlp ]d-bp-p: \nbw \s Ipap-p-sav {]Xo--bn-msX ùXn-I-Po-hnXwsImv Xr]vXn-s-Sp-I-bpw, AXn kmbq-Pya-S-bp-Ibpw \psS kq-tfmSv (Jp-B\ns Bi-btmSv) {]-b-h-cm-hp-Ibpw
sNbvX-h-cp--tm, \nbw Ah-cpsS An-a-k-tXw \c-I-am-Ip-p. AX-h Cl-temI-v km-Zn-p-sIm-n-cp--XpamWv. \n-b-w hniz-kn-p-I-bpw kI A\pjvTn-p-Ibpw (Jp-B\ns hn[n-hn-e
- p-I ]n]-p-Ib
- pw) sNp-h
- sc Amlp AhcpsS -hn-izmkwsImv kamK-n-tepw, Xmgv`m-K--fn-eqsS \Zn-I Hgp-In-sIm-n-cnp A\p-{K-lo-X-amb kzK-q-tm-p-I-fn-tepw \bn-p-Xm-Wv. kzK-n AhcpsS hnfnbpw {]m-\-bpw, Am-lp-th, \o Ghpw ]cn-ip- Fpw, Ah-cpsS A`nkw-t_m-[\w "kam-[m\w, kam-[m\w' Fp-am-bn-cn-pw. Ah-cpsS Ah-km-\s hnfnbpw
{]m-\bpw Fhn-sSbpw Ftmgpw, \nbw k-kvXp-Xnbpw k-tem-I--fp-sSbpw
DS-a-bmb Am-lp-hn-\m-Ip-p Fpam-Ip-p. AYhm kzK-n {]th-in-n--s-Sp
hnizm-kn-I-fpsS kz`mhw Ah kpJZp:J t`Z-at\y Fm-bvtmgpw Fhn-sSbpw "Amlv'
F kvacW \ne-\np--h-cpw, Am-lp-hn `c-ta]n-ph-cp-am-bn-cn-pw. BenCw-dm: 191, An-km-Av: 103, PpapA: 10 kq- t\mp-I.
3. kzm^mv: 182: am apivcnp-I, ae-p-Isf Am-lp-hns s]a-fpw
Pnp-Isf Am-lp-hns Ba--fp-ambn ]cn-K-Wn-n-cpp (A-Bw: 100 t\mpI)
Am-lp-hn\pw Pnp-IpanS-bn Ah hwi-_w Btcm]n-n-cp-p. Fm
A ^mXnl (1)
55
\nbw Ah hnNm-c-W-p-thn lmP-cm--s-Sp-sa-v Pnp-Idn-bm-am-bn-cpp.

Atm Ah P]n-p ]m-fn--n\n-smw Amlp AXoh ]cn-ip--\mWv
Fv kzm^mv: 158-160 ]d-n-p-v. kzm^mv: 164-166 ae-p-Is
- f-p-dnv: \nbw
\n-bn-s Hcpm\-an-msX Rfn Hcmfp-an, \n-b-w R Am-lphns\ hmgvp--hcmIp-p Fpw]-d-n-p-v. Amlp ]qnI {]hm-N-Iam-cn
Fv \S-]Sn-bmWv kzoI-cn--sXv 171-173epw, Atm apl-Zv \_n Fv \bamWv
kzoI-cn-t--sXv 174-179epw hni-Zo-I-cn--tijw \ns \mY Ah P]n-p
]m-fn--n \nsmw AXoh]cn-ip--\m-sWpw, {]hm-N-Iam-cp-sS-ta kam-[m\-ap-s-pw, k-kvXp-Xnbpw k-tem-I--fp-sSbpw DS-a-bmb Am-lp-hn-\m-sWpw
{]Jym-]n-p-sImv kqdv Ah-km-\n-p-p.
4. kpa: 75: "kzq' F Iml-f
- n DuX-s-Sp-Ib
- pw, Amlp Dt-inhscmgnsI
BIm-i-`q-an-I-fn-ep--hscmw kvX_v-[-cmbn hogp-Ibpw sNpw. ]ns cm-aXpw
DuXptm Ah-scmw Fgp-tp\nv Npp-`mKhpw t\mpw. `qan AXns \mYs
{]Im-i-m {]tim-`nXamhp-Ibpw, Ah-c-h-cpsS {]h\{Kw lmP-cm--s-Sp-Ibpw (I-lv^v: 49, Ckvdm-Av: 13-14) \_n-am-scbpw kmn-I-sfbpw sImp-h-cn-Ibpw, JpB A\p-k-cnv krjvSn-In-S-bn hn[n-Iev]n-p-Ibpw, Fm Hmtcm Bmhn\pw
Ah {]hn--Xn-\p ]qamb -{]Xn-êw \IpIbpw sNp-XmWv. Ah
FmWv {]hn-p--sXv Amlp \-hw Adn-bp--h-\p-am-Wv. Jp-B Innbnv Xn--dv aqSn-sh \ntj-[n-I-fmb Im^n-dp-Isf IqwIq-ambn \c-I-n-tev
sXfn--s-Sp-I-bpw, \c-I-ns ]mdm-hp-Im: \n-fpsS DS-a-bmb \mYs kq-
hnh-cn-p-sImv \n-fn \np ZqXam hn-cp-nt? Cs\ Hcp -Zn-\s
Ip-ap--W-sav \n-tfmSv ap-dn-bnv \Ip-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-ntsbv tNmZn-ptm Ah ]dbpw: AsX, Fm \ntj-[n-I-fmb R-fp-sS-ta inm-h-N\w
_m[-I-am-bn Fv. icn, Fm \c-I-ns hmXn-ep-I ISp-sIm-p-I, AXn
\nXy-hm-kn-Ifmbn Ign-p-Iq-Sp-I-bpw sNpI Fv Ah-tcmSv ]d-b-s-Spw. Atm
Al-m-cn-Ip ]mnSw F{X-No! (kp-a: 69-72). {]tXyIw {in-pI: JpB hp-In-n-bnv D]-tbm-Kn-m--h am{Xta Im^n-dm-hp-I-bpq Fv Cu kqw
hy-am-p-pv.
X-fpsS \mYs\ lrZ-b-n kqn-p-Po-hn ap-Jo- IqwIq-ambn kzKn-tev \bn--s-Sp--Xm-Wv. As\ Ah kzK-ns hmXn-ep-Iv ASp-sp-Ibpw (ap-l-Zv \_n hv) hmXn-ep-I Xpd--s-Sp-I-bpw sNbvXm AXns ]mdmhp-Im Ah-tcmSv ]d-bpw: \nv kam-[m-\w, \nv \-Xv. \n imiz-X-ambn
AXn {]th-in-p-sIm-p-hn. R-tfmSv hmKvZw sNbvXXv Rv kXy-s-Spn- X-cn-Ibpw, Rsf `qanbpsS A\cmh-Im-in-I-fm-p-Ibpw sNbvX Am-lp-hn-\mIpp k-kvXp-Xn-bpw, C\n \apv kzK-n CjvSwt]mse ew ]nSn-m-atm
At F-h ]d-bp-Ibpw sNpw. Atm {]hn--hp {]Xn-êw F{X
hnin-jvSw. X-fpsS \mYs\ kvXpXn-p--tXm-sSmw hmgvn-smv Ahs knwlmk-\-n\v Nppw hebwsNp ae-p-I-sf \n\v ImWmw. krjvSn-In-S-bn JpBsImv Ghpw \oXn-bpw hn[nIev]n--s-Sp-I-bpw, k-kvXp-Xnbpw k-temI--fp-sSbpw DS-a-bmb Am-lp-hn-\mWv Fv {]Jym-]\ap-m-hp-Ibpw sNpw (kpa:
56
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
73-75).
5. apAv-an: 65: \nv `qansb hmk--ehpw BIm-is taem-p-ambn \nbnp X-h-\mWv Amlp. Ah \nsf cq]-s-Sp-p-I-bpw, \n-fpsS cq]w Ghpw
\-Xm-p-I-bpw, ]cn-ip--amb Fm `-W-hn-`-h-fpw \nv \Ip-Ibpw sNbvXncn-p-p. AXmWv \n-fpsS DS-a-bmb Am-lp. Atm k-tem-I--fp-sSbpw DSa-bmb Amlp A\p-{K-l-k-q-\s{X (ap-Avan: 64). Ah kzbw Fspw Pohnn-cn-p--h-\m-Ip-p, Ah-\-msX asmcp Cem-lp-an-, AXn-\m PohnXw apgph
Ah\pam{Xw kan-p-sImv \n Ahs\ am{Xw hnfnp {]mn-p-I. kkvXp-Xnbpw k-tem-I--fp-sSbpw DS-a-bmb Am-lp-hn-\m-Ip-p (ap-Avan: 65). \_n
(k) ]Tn-np: Fm Ah--bnepw Am-lp-hn-\mWv kvXpXn\c-I-ns Ah--bnsem-gn-sI.
Am-lp-hns\ kvXpXn-p-sImv Bcw-`n-p kq-d-p-I-fmWv ^mn-l, ABw, Ilv^v, k_-Av, ^mXzn Fn-h. BIm-i--sfbpw `qan-sbbpw krjvSn Amlp-hn-\m-Ipp k-kvXp-Xnbpw. Ah A-Im-cfpw {]Im-ihpw Dm-n, ]nsbpw
\ntj-[n-I X-fpsS dn\v CX-camsc ]Icw sh-p--h-cmWv Fv ]dpsImmWv ABw: 1 Bcw-`n-p--Xv. Xs ASn-a-bp-sS-ta bmsXmcp h{I-X-bpan-m
t\sc-sNm-s-bp {Kw Ah-X-cn-n Am-lp-hn-\mWv k-kvXp-Xn-bpw. AXv ITn\-amb insbn ap-dn-bnv \Iphm\pw, kI- {]hn-p kXy-hnizm-kn-Iv \ {]Xn-^-e-ap-s ktm-j-hm Adn-bn-p-hm\pw thnbpXm
sWv Ilv^v: 12epw, Am-lp-hn-\mWv k-kvXp-Xn-bpw, Ah-\pXmWv BIm-i-fn-ep-ff FmHpw, `qan-bn-ep- Fm-H-pw, ]c-tem-Ipw Ah\v Xs-bmWv kvXpXn.
Ah bpn-\mb X{-m-\n-bpw, Fmw hebwsNbvX {XnIm-e-m-\n-bp-atm
Fv k_-Av: 1epw, BIm-i--sfbpw `qan-sbbpw ths-Spn hncn-n-p-m-nb
Am-lp-hn-\mWv k-kvXp-Xn-bpw. Ah Cucpw apq-pw \mepw Nnd-Ip-I-fp
ae-p-Isf ZqXam-cmbn \ntbm-Kn-n-cn-p-p. Ah-\p-t-inhv (Nn-d-Ip-I-fp-sS Fw)
krn-n hn-n-p-p, \nbw, Am-lp- Fm-Im-cy-pw Ign-hp k-i-\-tm Fv ^mXzn: 1ep-w ]-d-bp-p.
Pmknb: 36, Atm BIm-i--fpsS DS-abpw `qan-bpsS DS-a-bpw, k-tem-I--fpsSbpw DS-ab
- p-amb Am-lp-hn-\mWv k-kvXp-Xnbpw F Bi-b
- n-epXm-Wv. Adqw:
18-, \a-kvImc ka-bs kqNn-n-p-sImv ]d-bp-p: BIm-i--fnepw `qan-bn-epw,
Cim-Av ka-b--fn-epw, fplv ka-b--fn-epsamw Am-lp-hn-\mWv kvXpXn. C_vdmlow: 39-, C_vdmlow \_n ]d-bp-p: F\nv Cu hb-p-Im-ev Ckvlm-Jn-s\bpw
Ckvam-Cu-en-s\bpw {]Zm\wsNbvX Am-lp-hn-\mWv k-kvXp-Xn-bpw. AAvdm^v: 43, kzK-n {]th-in-n-s
- kXy-hn-izm-kn-I ]d-bp-X
- m-Wv: Rsf Cu kzKw
e`n----hw sFln-I-tem-I-p-shv kamK-n-emnb Am-lp-hn-\mWv kkvXp-Xn-bpw. Amlp Rsf kamK-n-em-bn-n-bn-cp-n-s-n R kamKn-em-Ip-am-bn-cp-n--tm.
apAvan\q: 28-, \qlv \_n-tbmSv: \obpw \ntm-sSm--ap hnizm-kn-Ifpw Ien m\-ap-d-n-m: Rsf A{I-an-I-fmb Cu P\-Xbn\nv c-s-Sp-nb Am-
A ^mXnl (1)
57
lp-hn-\mWv k-kvXp-Xn-bpw Fv {]mn-m Amlp Iev]n-p-p. \wev: 15-,

m\w e`n ZmhqZv \_nbpw aI kpsse-am \_nbpw {]mnp: hnizm-kn-I-fmb
an ASn-a-I-tf-mfpw Rv t{ijvTX \Inb Am-lp-hn\mWv k-kvXp-Xnbpw. \wev: 59-, \_n (k)-tbmSv ]d-bm Iev]n-p-p: Am-lp-hn-\mWv k-kvXp-Xnbpw, Ahs sXsc-s-Sp--s ASn-a-I-fp-sS-ta kam-[m-\-ap-v. \wev: 93- \_ntbmSv ]d-bm Iev]n-p-p: k-kvXp-Xnbpw Am-lp-hn-\m-Wv, Ahs ZrjvSm--
\nv ImWn-p-X-cp-tm \n Ah Xncn--dnbpw. \ns \mY \nfpsS
{]h\-sf-p-dnv A{i-\
-- -. ^mXzn: 34-, kzK-n {]th-in-n--s kXyhn-izm-kn-I ]d-bp--Xm-Wv: Rfn\nv Zp:Jw AI-n--f Am-lp-hn-\mWv kkvXp-Xn-bpw, \nbw R-fpsS DS-a-bmb \mY Gsd s]mdp-p--h-\pw \n-{]-I-S\w
hne-a-Xn-p--h-\p-am-Wv. AI-_q-v: 63-, BIm-i-p-\nv sh-an-d-p-Xpw, AXpap-tJ\ `qan acn--Xn-\p-tijw Pohn-n-pXpw Bcm-sWv tNmZn-m Am-lp-hm-sWv Ah ]d-bpIXs sNpw. \_ntb ]d-bp-I: B Am-lp-hn-\mWv k-kvXp-Xn
bpw, Fm Ah-cn A[n-I-t]cpw _pn-bp-]-tbm-Knv Nnn-p--h-cm-bn- Fpw
]d-bp-p (\lv: 75, epJvam: 25, kpa: 29 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Jkz-kv: 70- Amlp ]dbp-p: Cl-nepw ]c-nepw k-kvXp-Xn-bpw Ah-mWv, Ah-\mWv imk-\m-[n-Imchpw,
Ah-\n-te-mWv \n aS---s-SpXpw.
lnPv: 98-, \ns dns\ kvXpXn-p--sXm-sSmw hmgvp-Ibpw kmjvSmwKw
{]W-an-p--h-tcm-sSmw {]W-an-p-Ibpw sNpI Fv ]d-bp-p-v. A-kv: 3,
\ns dns\ kvXpXn-p--tXm-sSmw hmgvp-I-bpw, Ah-t\mSv s]mdp--ens\ tXSp
Ibpw sNpI Fpw, Ckvdm-Av: 44-, Ggv BIm-i-fpw `qanbpw Ah-bnep kh-kvXp-fpw Am-lp-hns\ hmgvpp. Am-lp-hns\ kvXpXnpsImv Io\w
sNm Hcp hkvXp-hp-an Fp-w, Aq: 41-, FmhkvXp-pw AXns \akvImc coXn-bpw Io\coXnbpw ]Tn-n-n-p-v Fpw ]d-bp-p.
\a-kvIm-c-n-\p-tijw 33 {]mhiyw k-kvXp-Xnbpw Am-lp-hn-\mWv) Fp-]-dbp-tm Cu kq--fpsSsbmw Bibw a\-nhtc--XmWv. k-kvXp-Xnbpw
Am-lp-hn-\mWv FXv {]Jym-]-\-am-b-Xp-sImv AXv DdsbmWv ]d-tb--Xv.
dv: dv Fp-]-d-m {km-hv, cn-Xmhv, \ne-\nm\pw \in-n-m\pw
A[n-Im-c-ap DSa Fsm-s-bmWv Bi-bw. Jp-B-\ns {]mcw-`-amb ^mXn-l-bpsS
XpSw dn\v k-kvXp-Xn-bpw {]Jym]n-p-sIm-m-sW-n, P\--fpsS DS-a-tbmSv
Rm A`bwtXSpp Fp-]-d-bm- Iev]n-p-sIm-mWv Jp-B\ns Ah-km\s
kqd-mb Am-kv Bcw-`n-p-Xv. AAvdm^v: 172-173, kzK-n BZ-ans\ krjvSn-tm Xs Ay-\mhsc-bp apgp-h a\p-jy-scbpw (B-m-hv) krjvSn-p-I-bpw,
Ah-tcmSv Rm\-stbm \n-fpsS dv Fv tNmZn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Atm Fmhcpw ]d-p: AsX \mYm, R kmywhln-p-p. Cu kw`-h-n\v DS-Sn
Fp-]-d-bp-p. hn[n-Zn-h-k-\m-fn R CXns\pdnv t_m[-an-m--h-cm-bn-cpp
Fv Hcmfpw ]d-bm-Xn-cn-mthn, As-n R-fpsS ]q-]n-Xm-am Amlp-hn ]p-tNp, R Ahptijw h km-\--fstbm? Atm apKman-I-fmb anYym-hm-Zn-I sNbvX Ip-n\v Rsf \o inn-p-Itbm Fv Ah ]dbm-Xn-cn-m thnbmWv Cu DS-Sn Fm-h-cn\npw hmn-b-Xv.
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
58
Jnbm-a-p-\m-fn Cu Icm-dns\pdnv tNmZnpw F hmKvZm-\-n\v "hAvZv'

Fp-]-d-bp-p. _Jd: 27, dAvZv: 25 kq--fn Am-lp ]d-bpp: Am-lp-hp-ambn
kzK-nshv sNbvX Cu DSSn Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n Ip-apn-b-Xn\ptijw
BcmtWm ewLn--Xv, Aq--cmWv sXmSnI-fmb I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I. Ah-cp-sSta
Am-lp-hns im]-ap-v. Ahv Ghpw tami-s aS---e-am-Wp--Xv.
Be-ao\: "Bew' (temI-ns) DSa Fp]d-bmsX "B-e-ao-\' (k-tem-I-fp-sSbpw) DSa Fp]d-XpsImv ae-p-I-fp-tSbpw Pnp-I-fp-tSbpw a\p-jy-cp-tS-bpw
Cl-]c-tem-I-fptSbpw, kzK \c-I--fp-tS-bpw, Fm Ncm-N-c-f-- p-tSbpw {kjvSm-hv,
cn-Xm-hv, \ne-\nm\pw \in-n-m-\p-ap GI DSa Fsms-bmWv Bi-bw. ktem-I--fp-tSbpw DSa F hmIyw Jp-B-\n 42 {]mhiyw hn-p-v. ^nHu aqkm
\_n-tbmSv tNmZnp: Atm aqkm \n cp-t]-cp-sSbpw DSa BcmWv? aqkm ]dp:
FmhkvXp-pw AXns krjvSnv \In-b-h-\pw, ]ns kamKw \In-b-h-\pam-W-h. Atm ^nHu tNmZn-p: apv Ign-p-t]mb Xe-ap-d-IfpsS kvYnXn
FmWv? aqkm ]dp: Ahscpdn-p Adnhv Fs \mYs ASp- Hcp {Kn tcJ-s-Sp-n-bn-p-v. Fs \mY\v ]ng-p-Itbm adpItbmbn (Xzmlm: 4952).
Jp-B- hp-In-n-bnv ]n]-msX ico-cwsImv \a-kvI-cn-p-I-bpw, ap I
A\p-jvTn-pIbpw sNp-h, R kzK-n-tepw Aapkven-sfmw \cI-n-te-p-am-sW sXmb [mcW shp-]p-ep--h-cm-Wv. Aapkven-fpsS ac-Wti-j-ap ]mnSw Fhn-sS-bm-sW-m-Wv ap Nnev tNmZn-m\p--Xv. Ahs-map adp-]Sn: kzKw, \cIw Fo temI--fpsS am{Xw DS-a-b- Amlp, Ahb-m
[mcmfw temI--fpsSbpw DSa-bmWv Ah Fm-Wv. Jp-B Inn-bnv ]n]-m
"apkven' t]mIp \c-I-n-tev Jp-B Inm Aapkven t]mhp-I-bn-.
Am-lp-hns DS-a--X-bn-ep ap temI--fn-tev Ahsc Ab-t-mw. Jp-B
Sn-mbn D]-tbm-Kn-p hnizm-knI am{Xta kzK-n-tev Xncn-p-t]m-hpI-bp-q.
2.
]c-a-Imcp-Wn-I\pw Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[n-bp-ambh.
]c-a-Im-cpWnI, \njv]--hm, Bscbpw kzKn-tetm \c-I-n-tetm

kzbw \bn-m--h, hgn-s--hpw hgn-s-Sm--hpw KpWw sNp--h, AYhm
Ahs\ hnkva-cn, AwKo-I-cn-m Bfp-Iv Cl-n IqSp-X KpWw sNp-h
Fs-m-amWv "Adlvam' FXns Bi-bw. Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[n, Imcp-Wy-hm, hgns--hv {]tXyIw KpWw sNp--h Fs-m-amWv Adlow F-Xns Bi-bw.
Am-lp-hns "dlvam' F KpW-\maw am apivcnp-I-fpw, I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw AwKoI-cn-pI-bn-. Fm "dlow' F KpW-\m-as GXv I]-S-hn-izm-knbpw AwKo-I-cnp-Ibpw FSp-p--cn-p-Ibpw sNp--Xm-Wv.
]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I: kpKvdp^v: 3335 kq-fn Amlp ]d-bpp: ""Fm a\pjycpw Hcp-t]mse \ntj-[n-I BIp-am-bn-cp-nsn, ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-Is\ \ntj-[nphcpsS hoSp-IfpsS ap-Ifpw an-tev tIdn-tm-Ip tImWn--Sn-Ifpw hmXn-epIfpw In-ep-Ifpw Nmcp-a---fp-samw shn-bmepw \h-c-Xv\--fmepw Aew-Ir-X-am-p-
A ^mXnl (1)
59
am-bn-cp-p; CsX-mw-Xs Cl-n-ep PohnX hn`-h--fm-Wv, \ns dns ]

]c-temIhn`h ap-Jo-v am{Xap--Xm-Wv'' apl-Zv \_n-bpsS A`n-kw-t_m[I-cmb am apivcn-p-I Am-lp-hns "dlvam' F kzn^v AwKo-I-cn-n-cp-n. ^pJm: 60-, Ah-tcmSv ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I\v kmjvSmKw {]W-an-pI Fp-]-d-b-sm, Ah tNmZn-p-w: GXmWv Cu dlvam? \o Iev]n-p--hsms R
kpPqZv sNp-Itbm? Ahv shdpv \pc-p-s]mn hn-p--Xpam-Wv Fpw, dAvZv:
30-, \mw \n\v Znhy-k-t-i-ambn \Inb Cu Jp-B ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-Is\ \ntj-[n-hv hni-Zo-I-cn-v -sIm-Sp-p--Xn\pthn-bmWv, \ns app kap-Zm-b--fn-tev
{]hm-N-Iamsc Ab--Xp-t]mse \nsbpw Ab-n-p-Xv Fpw, _Jd: 163-, \nfpsS Cemlv GI Cemlv am{X-am-Wv, Ahs\qSmsX asmcp Cemlpan, Ah ]ca-Im-cp-Wn-I\pw Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[n-bp-am-Wv Fpw ]d-bp-p. Ah ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I-\pw IcpWm-hm-cn-[n-bp-am-Wv F BibnemWv liv: 22, ^pn-e-v: 2, \wev: 30 XpSnb
kqIvXfpw Ahkm\npXv.
Adlvam: 14 kq--fn Amlp ]dbpp: ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I, Jp-B ]Tnn--h a\p-jys\ krjvSn-p, Ahs\ Jp-B\ns Bi-bhpw ]Tn-n-p. Atm
kzK-nshv a\p-jys Bm-hns\ Jp-B\ns Bm-hmb Bibw ]Tn-n--h\mWv ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I. Cu Imcy-- DWp Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n-\mWv
AnIv Fp-]-d-bp--Xv. kpKvdp-^v: 45-, \n\papv Ab--s {]hm-N-IamtcmSv:
]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-Is\bmsX Cem-lm-bnv C_m-Zv sNsSm Iev]n-n-p-m-bn-cptm
Fv tNmZn-m \_n (k)-tbmSv Bh-iy-s-n-cn-p-p. kpKvdp-^v: 17-, ]c-a-Im-cp-WnI\v Ah P]n-p--hsb (a-e-p-I- Amlphnsd s]a--fmsWv) smv
Ah-cn Hcmv ktm-j-hm Adn-bn-m Ahs apJw Icp-hm-fnv Idp-p-Xpw, Ah tZjyw ISn--ap--h-\pambno-cpp Fp]d-n-p-v. Ah ]c-a-Imcp-Wn-Is CjvS-Zm-kam-cmb ae-p-Isf Ahs s]k-m-\--fmbn Btcm-]n-pI-bpw, ]c-aIm-cp-Wn-I Dt-in-n-cp-n-s-n R Ahsc C_m-Zv sNp-am-bncpnsv ]d-bp-Ibpw sNp-p (kp-Kvdp-^v: 19-20). kpKvdp-^v: 81-, ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I\v
Hcp km-\-ap-m-bn-cp-s-n, Atm Rm\mbn-cnpw Ah\v C_m-Zv sNp--hcn Hm-a-\mhpI Fv ]d-bm \_n-tbmSv Iev]np-p. \ntj-[n-I \_nsb ImWptm ]cn--lm-k-am-bn--msX ImWp-n-, Ah tNmZn-p-p: \n-fpsS Cem-lpIsfpdnv Ch-\mtWm ]cm-ainp-Xv? Ah ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-Is kvac-Wsb
P\nnp, JpB\ns Bi-bw aqSnshphcpamWv (An-bm-Av: 36-). An-bm-Av:
42-, \_n-tbmSv tNmZn-m ]d-bp-p: cm{Xnbntem ]Ientem ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-Is in
\nv hcn-I-bm-sW-n, BcmWv AXn\nv \nsf c-s-Sp-m-\p-Xv?
hn[n-Zn-hkw bYm-n-ep cmPm-[n-]Xyw ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I-\m-sWv ^pJm:
26-epw, Ahv ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-Is kvac-W-bp-m-p GsXmcp kqw hmepw
Ah-c-Xns\ Ah-K-Wn-m--h-cm-Ip-n-sv Ap-A-dm-Av: 5epw ]d-bp-p-v. bmko:
11-, Jp-B\ns Bibw ]n]-p-I-bpw, ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-Is\ ImWmsXIv `b-s-SpIbpw sNp--hv am{X-am-Wv \ns DW D]-Im-c-s-Sp-I Fp-]-d-bp-p-v.
\n- Rsftmse-bp a\p-jycm-sX-b-, ]c-a-Im-cp-WnI bmsXmpand-n-bnpan Fv bmko: 15-epw, BcmtWm ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-Is\ ImWmsXIv `b-s-Sp-I-
60
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
bpw, kam-[m\ lrZ-b-tm-Sp-IqSn hcn-Ibpw sNp-Xv Ahv Zpsc-b-msX kzKw

ASp-n-p--Xm-sWv Jm^v: 33-epw ]d-bp-p. ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-Is krjvSn-n \o Hcp
hnShpw ImWp-I-bn-sv apIv: 3epw, Ah-cpsS apI-fn Nnd-In--Snv ]d-p ]nIsf ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I-\-msX Xmn\np-n-sv apIv: 19-epw ]d-bp-p. R
]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I-\n hniz-kn-p-I-bpw, Ah-\n `c-ta]n-p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-pp Fv
apIv: 29- hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv ]d-bm\pw Iev]np-p. Ckvdm-Av: 110-, \n Amlp
Ftm dlvam Ftm hnfnv {]mn-p-I. \n Fp-t]cp hnfn-mepw Fm
\-t]-cp-Ifpw Amlphn-\p--Xm-Ip-p. dlvam F kzn^v krjvSn-I-fn Bpw
D]-tbm-Kn-m ]mSn.
Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-I "kman-cn'-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-n kzm-`-c-W- Dcp-nbp-m-nb ]ip-p-nsb Cem-lmbn sXsc-s-Sp--tm, lmdq \_n Ah-tcmSv
]d-n-p-m-bn-cp-p: Hm Fs P\-ta, \n CXp-hgn ]co-n--s-Sp-I-bm-Wv, \nfpsS DSa ]c-aIm-cp-Wn-I-\m-Wv. Atm \n Ahs\ `b-s-Sp-Ibpw, Fs A\pk-cn-p-Ibpw sNpI (Xzm-lm: 90). ChnsS "]c-aI
- m-cp-Wn-I' Fp-]d
-
X
- ns Bibw
Ah Bscbpw kamK-n-tetm ZpamK-n-tetm Bm \njv]--h-m\mIp-p Fm-Wv. Fm-hpw Ah kamKhpw ZpamKhpw \In-bn-p-v (A-wkv: 710). Atm \n ]ip-p-nsb sXsc-s-Sp-pIhgn ZpamKw sXsc-sSp-m AXns D-c-hm-Znw \n Xs hln--Ww. ]nim-Nn-s\tbm atm Ips-Sp-n-bnv Imcy-an-. Am-lp-hmWv kzKn-tepw \c-I
- n-tepw Ahs krjvSnIsf Hmlcn shp--sX-pw, AXn Ah-c-hv Hcp]p-an-s-p-am-Wv I]-S-hn-izm-knIfpw, Jp-B Inn-bnv AXns Bi-b-n\nv Am-lp-hns\ ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I-\mbn
(\n-jv]--hm-\m-bn) ]cn-N-b-s-Sm--h-cpw Cv hniz-kn-p-Xpw ap--hsc ]Tn-n-pXpw. Amlp sImp-I-f Chcpw, am apivcnp-Isftmse Am-lp-hns
dlvam F kn^-ns\ AwKo-I-cn-m--h-cm-Wv. kzKhpw \c-I-hp-samw Cl-temIpshv Xs Hmtcm-cp-cpw ]Wn-tb--Xm-Wv, AXn-\p-th-n-bmWv Ah a\pjysc `qan-bn-tev \ntbm-Knn-p--Xv. ]nim-Nn\pw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ip-amWv Amlp
Cl-tem-Iv ZoLm-bppw kzKhpw \In-bn-p--Xv. ]nim-Nn\v hn[n- Zn-h-k-\m-fp-hsc-bmWv Bbp-v, Fm apl-Zv \_n-bpsS Bbpv Adp-]-n-\mev hj-am-Wv.
"]c-a-Im-cpWn-I' ]cm-ain--s-n-p ap Nne kq-:
kqdv adn-bw: 18-, Cukmsbpdnv ktm-j-hm Adn-bn-mthn
Pn_vco a\p-jy-cq-]-n adn-b-ans ASpv h-tm Ah ]dp: \nssmv
Rm ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I-\n A`bw tXSp-p, \o A]w `n-bp--h-\m-bn-cp-s-n!
Fp]d-n-pv. adn-bw: 26-, {]k-hn--tijw a\pjy-cn\nv Bsc-nepw \ns
Im, Ct-Zn\w BtcmSpw kwkm-cn--cpXv, Rm ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I\pthn {hXw
t\n-cn-pp Fp]d-bm adnbant\mSv Iev]np-p. adn-bw: 58-, {]hm-NIamscpdnv hn--ti-jw Amlp ]d-bpp: Ah-cp-sS-ta ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-Is
kq- Xnem-hv sNbvXpsImSp-m IcpsImv Ah kpPq-Zn hogp--XmWv Fpw, adn-bw: 61-, ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I, Ahs\ ImWmsXIv `b-s-Sp--hv
\nXym-\p-{K-l--fmb kzK- sImv hmKvZw sNbvXn-pv Fpw-]-d-bp-p. adnbw:
A ^mXnl (1)
61
69-, Fm hn`m-K
- n\npw ]c-aI
- m-cp-Wn-Is\ [n-cn-n-p-- G-hpw henb ZpjvSamsc thXncnsSp-p--XmWv Fp-]-d-n-p-v. 75-, hgntISn BcmtWm D-Xv,
Ahv ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I B-bp-v \on-sIm-Sp-p-sav ]d-bm \_n-tbmSv Iev]nn-pv. 77-78, Atm \psS kq- aqSn-shv, F\nv kpw km-\-fpw
\I-s-n-cn-pp Fv ]d--hs\ \o Ipthm? Ah adImcy- Fnt\m-n-bn-ptm? AtXm Ah ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-Is ASp- h DS--Snbpw sNbvXnptm Fv Amlp tNmZn-p-p. 85-, hn[n-Zn-hkw Jp-Bs\ ]n]n Pohn--hsc
]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-Is ASp-tv hncp-mbn Hcp-anpIqpsaFpw, 87-, ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I
s- A-Sp- BcmtWm DS-Sn ]men-Xv, AhcmsX ip]mi DS-a-s-Sp-p-I-bn
Fp-w]-d-bp-p. 88-, ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I Hcp km-\s sXsc-s-Sp-n-p-sv
\ntj-[n-I ]d-ncn-p-p (A-n-bm-Av: 26 t\mp-I). 91-93, ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I Hcp
km-\s am{Xw sXsc-s-Sp-n-cn-pp Fv Ah ]d-p-thm?, Fm ]c-aIm-cp-Wn-I\v km-\s sXsc-s-Sp-pI tbmPn--XXs. BIm-i-`q-an-I-fn-ep-sXmw ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I\v ASn-a-bm-bn--msX hcp-n-spw 96-, hniz-kn-p-I-bpw,
kI- A\p-jvTn-p-Ibpw sNp--hv ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I kvt\-l-k-ar--amb
hncpv Hcp-n-sIm-Sp-p--Xp-amWv Fpw]-d-n-pv.
Xzmlm: 5, ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I knwlm-k\--\-mbn Fp-]-d-n-p-v. 108-109,
hn[n-Zn-h-k-\m-fn ImeSn i_vZ-f-m Fm i_vZfpw ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-Is apn
AS-p--Xm-Wv. At-Zn\w ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-Is A\p-hmZw IqSmsX ip]mi D]-Im-cs-Sp-I-bn-. hn[n-Zn-hkw ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I BcpsS Imcy-n-emtWm Xr]vXn-s--Xpw,
BmtWm kXw sImSp-Xpw Ahm-sX ip]mi D]-Im-c-s-Sp-I-bn- Fpw,
^pJm: 59-60, BIm-i-`q-an-I-sfbpw Ah-bvn-S-bn-ep k-h-kvXp--sfbpw Bdv
\mfp-I-fn krjvSn-p-I-bpw, ]ns AXns \nb-{Ww Gs-Sp-p-Ibpw sNbvX-h
]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I\mWv. Ahs\pdnv Jp-B\ns Bibw Adn-bp J_o(j)amtcmSv tNmZn-v -t\m-p-I Fpw ]d-bp-p-v. ^pJm: 63-, ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-Is CjvSZm-kam `qan-bn hn\-bm-\znXcmbn \S-p--h-cpw, Ah-tcmSv Ahn-th-In-I kwkm-cnm CS-bm-bm kemw]dv ]ncnv t]mIp--h-cp-am-Ipp Fp-]-d-bp-p. ]c-a-Imcp-Wn-I F\n-smcp D]-{Zhw Dtin-p-I-bm-sW-n, \n Ahs\qSmsX C_mZv sNp--h-cpsS ip]mi F\nv D]-Im-c-s-Sp-I-bn Fv Hcp hnizmkn, {]hm-NIamsc If-hmnb P\-sf A`n-kw-t_m[\w sNbvXv ]d--Xmbn bmko: 23-
]d-bp-p. ]p\P \mfn X-fpsS ih-p-gn-Ifn\nv Fgp-t a\p-jy tNmZnp-XmWv: \sf KmV-\n-{Z-bn \nv BcmWv DWn-bXv? Atm ]d-b-s-Spw:
CXmWv ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-Is hmKvZ-w, {]hm-N-Iam ]d-Xv kXyw Xs-bm-Ip-p
Fv 5152 kq-fnepw ]d-n-p-v.
Amlp ImcpWyw Ahs mbn-bmb kz`m-h-amn tcJ-s-Sp-n-bn-cn-pp
Fv A-Bw: 12,54 kq--fn ]d-bp-p. \ns \mY sFiz-cy-hm\pw Imcp-Wy-hm\p-am-Wv, Ah-\p-t-in-n-cp-s-n \nsf \on--fv \np-tijw, \nsf
asmcp P\-X-bpsS k-Xn-I-fn \nv \p-h-fn sImp-h-Xpt]mse, asmcp P\Xsb \n-fpsS m\v {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fm-p-sav 133- ]d-bp-p. Xu_: 117-,
\nbw Ah (Amlp) Ah-tcmSv (\_n-tbmSpw ap-lm-Pn-dp-I-tfmSpw Akm-dp-I-tfm-
62
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
Spw, hnj-a-L--n \_nsb ]n]-n-b-h-tcmSpw) Gsd Ir]bp--h\pw ImcpWyacp-fp-h-\pamWv Fp-w, Xu_: 128-, apl-Zv \_n hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv Gsd Ir]-bp--h\pw
Imcp-Wy-hm-\p-amWv Fpw]-d-bp-p. ABw: 147-, Atm Ah \ns If-hm-pI-bm-sW-n ]d-bp-I, \n-fpsS DSa hnim-e-amb Imcp-WyapS-bh\mWv, Fm
{`mam-cmb Hcp P\-X-sbsmv Ahs hn]v \on-I-f-bp-I-bn- Fp-]-d-bp-p.
AAvdm^v: 156- Amlp ]dbpp: Fs in \mw Dt-in-p--hsc _m[n-n-pw,
Fm Fs ImcpWyw Fm-h-kvXp--sfbpw hebw sNbvXn-cn-p-p. AXv \s
kqn-pIbpw, kImv \Ip-I-bpw, \psS kq--fn hniz-kn-p-Ibpw sNp-hmWv tcJ-s-Sp-p--Xv. An-bm-Av: 84-, ]co--W-n\v hnt[-b\mb Aq_v
\_nv Ah-km\w At-l-ns ti--sfmw Zqco-I-cn-p-I-bpw, At-l-n\v IpSpw_-sbpw A{X AwK-sf thsdbpw, kpsamw \InbXn\ptijw Amlp
]d-bpp: CXv \psS Imcp-Wy-ambnsmpw, \appthn am{Xw Pohn-p ASn-a-Iv Hcp A\p-kva-c-W-ambnsmp-amWv \In-b-Xv. 107-, apl-Zv \_nsb temIv
samw ImcpWyambn--msX Ab-n-n-spw ]d-bp-p.
Icp-Wm-\n[n: A-Av-dm^v: 32- Amlp tNmZn-pp: Fs ASn-a-Ip-thn
]pd-s-Sp-hn-n-p ]cn-ip--amb `-W-hn-`-h-fpw Ae-m-c-fpw BcmWv \njn--amn-bn-p--Xv; ]d-bpI {]hm-N-Im: Ahsbmw Cl-n hnizm-kn-Ip--Xm-Wv.
]cn Ahv am{X-apXp-am-Wv. kpa: 53- Amlp ]d-bp-p: ""krn F
]cn[n ewLn-p-sImv kz-tmSv A{Iaw ImWn Fs ASn-a-I-tfmSv ]d-bp-I: Amlp-hns Imcp-Wy-n \n Bi-b-h-cmhcp-Xv, \nbw Ah Fm Ip-fpw
Hcp-anv s]mdppXcp--Xm-Wv, \nbw Ah Gsd s]mdp-p--h\pw Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[nbp-a-tm''. ^pJm-\mb Jp-B\ns Bibw hmbnv sXp-Ip-- Xncn-dnv Ah
lrZ-b-ns Ah--b-dn-bp Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[n-tbmSv Xpdp]d-bpI-bpw, ]no-Sv Amlp
Cd-nb Jp-B Ghpw \-\n-ev ]n]n Pohn-p-Ibpw thW-sav 54-55 kq-fn s]mdp-p-sIm-Sp-p-X
- n\v D]m-[n-bmbpw ]d-n-p-v. Am-lp-hns ImcpWyns
\qdn Hcp`mKw am{X-amWv Ah `qan-bn-se k-kr-jvSn-IpwIqSn \In-bn-p--Xv,
_mn sXmq-n-sbmXv `mKhpw Ahs ]-em-Wv. ChnsS krjvSn-I- ImWn-p
kvt\lhpw ImcpWyhpsamw Amlp \Inb B Imcp-Wy-ns `mK-am-Wv.
Dm-gvN-Zm-b-I-amb [mcmfw Zrm--fpambn aqkm \_nsb Amlp ^nHu
{]`r-Xn-I-fn-tev Abnp-m-bn-cp-p. GXv ZrjvSmw Inpw hniz-kn-msX, sXmSn-bmbpw [nm-cn-bmbpw amdnb ^n-Hu-s\bpw Ahs Bfp-I-sfbpw Ah-cpsS sImmc--fn\npw ku`m-Ky--fn\npw Cd-n-sIm-p-h-cn-I-bpw, AsXmw Xs CkvdmCu k-Xn-Iv A\--c-mh-Im-i-amn sImSp-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. kap{Zw ]nfn
aqkm \_n-sbbpw A\p-bm-bn-I-sfbpw c-s-Sp-p-I-bpw, ^n-Hu-s\bpw Iq-scbpw
kap-{Z-n apn-sIm-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. AXn P\-v [mcmfw ]mT-f
- p-v. ]t,
P\--fn A[n-I-t]cpw hniz-kn-p-I-bn-. \nbw \ns dv tNmZyw sN-s-Sm
AP--\mb k-{]-Xm-]nbpw Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[n-bp-a-tm (A-p-A-dm-Av: 10-68 t\mp-I).
C_vdmlow \_n- kzw ]nXm-hn\v k-tem-I--fp-sSbpw DS-asb ]cn-N-b-sSpn Ah-\n-tev hnfn--tm Atlw hniz-kn-n-, Fm ]c-tem-Itv P\n-
A ^mXnl (1)
63
-Xp-t]msebp {]Ir-X-n XncnpsNp--h-msX c-bn-. ey-t_m[w

\jvS-s {`mamsc \c-I-n ASp-n-sh--s-SpIbpw sNpw. ]c-tem-I-phcm
t]mIp Ccw cwK- hni-Zo-I-cn--Xn [mcmfw ]mT--fp-v. Fm P\--fn
A[n-I-t]cpw hniz-kn-p-I-bn-. \ns dv Fm-n\pw Ign-hp k-{]-Xm-]nbpw IcpWm-hm-cn-[n-bp-a-tm (Ap-A-dm-Av: 69-104 t\mp-I).
\qlv \_nsb At-l-ns P\-X-bn-tev \ntbm-Kn-p-I-bpw, Atlw ktem-I--fp-sSbpw DS-a-bmb Am-lp-hn-tev hnfn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Fm At-ln Zcn-{Z-c-cmb Nne Bfp-I am{Xw hniz-kn-p. iamcpw {]am-Wn-amcpw \ns
IqsS-bn-sv Nqn-mn, \ns amKw kXy-am-sWv R hniz-kn-p-n Fp]-dv {]am-Wn-am \ntj-[-n Dd-p-\n-p. CXn\npw hnc-an-p-n-s-n \qlv
\_nsb Fdn-p-sImp-sav òj-Wn-s-Spnbtm Atlw {]mn-p: "Fs
\mYm, Fsbpw hnizm-kn-I-sfbpw \o c-s-Sp-t-W-ta'. Atm hnizm-kn-I-sfbpw
Poh-Pm-e
- f
- n\np Hmtcm tPmUn-Isfbpw I-en Ibn c-s-Sp-p-Ibpw, _mnbp--hsc apgp-h apn-sm-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. \nbw CXn P\-v [mcmfw
]mT--fp-v. ]t P\--fn A[n-I-t]cpw hniz-kn-p-I-bn-. \nbw \ns \mY
k-{]-Xm-]n-bmb AP-\pw Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[n-bp-a-tm (Ap-A-dm-Av: 105-122 t\mpI).
lqZv \_n k-tem-I--fp-sSbpw DS-a-sb ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-nsmpw, Ahv
\Inb A\p-{K- Hmannpsmpw BZv kap-Zm-bs Amlphn-tev hnfn-p.
\o Rsf D]-tZ-in-p--Xpw D]-tZ-in-m-Xn-cn-p-Xpw ka-amWv, krjvSnv Cl-temItp-thn am{X-am-Wv, R ]p\krjvSn-sSmt\m inn--s-Smt\m t]mIpn- Fh adp]Sn sImSp-v At-ls If-hmn Xn--d-tm \mw Ahsc
\in-n-p. \nbw Cu kw`-h-n [mcmfw ]mT--fp-v. Fm P\--fn A[nI-t]cpw hniz-kn-p--h-cm-bn-. \nbw \ns \mY k-{]-Xm-]n-bmb AP--\pw,
Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[n-bp-atm (A-p-A-dm-Av: 123-140 t\mpI).
YaqZv kap-Zm-b-n-tev Am-lp-hns\ ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-p-Xn-\p-thn kzmenlv
\_nsb \ntbm-Kn-p. tXm--fnepw Acp-hn-I-fnepw ]md-I Xpcv hoSp-mn kp`n-cmbn Pohn-m hnSp-sav \n Icp-Xpp-thm, \n Am-lp-hns\ kqn-pI-bpw, Fs A\p-k-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-hn. Atm B P\X ]d-p: \nbw \o
amc-W-n\v hnt[-b-\m-bn-cn--bm-Wv, \o Rsftmse-bp Hcp a\p-jy-\-msX amcp-a-. \o ]d-Xv kXy-am-sW-n AXn-\p sXfnhv sImp-h-cn-I. Hcp H-Is
ZrjvSm--ambn \Ip-I-bpw, AXns\ Ip-I-c-ambn sXmSpIt]mepw sN-cp-sXv XmoXv
sNpIbpw sNbvXp. AhcXns\ [nm-c-]qw Adp-pIbpw, inpthn shphn-fnpIbpw sNbvXp. Atm in Ahsc ]nSn-IqSn. \nbw B kw`-h-n
[mcmfw ]mT--fp-v. Fm Ah-cn A[n-I-t]cpw hnizkn-p--h-cm-bn-. \nbw
\ns dv k-{]-Xm-]n-bmb AP--\pw Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[n-bp-a-tm (A-p-A-dm-Av: 141-159
t\mp-I).
eqns P\-Xbpw {]hm-N-Iamsc Xn--d-p. temI-cn \npthn
Amlp krjvSn-n-p CW-Isf Hgn-hm-n, ]pcp-jam-sc-bmtWm Ima-hn-Imcw iannp--Xn-\p-thn kao-]n-p--sXv Atlw Ah-tcmSv tNmZn-p. Hm eqv \o Cu
64
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
]cn-]m-Sn-bn\nv hnc-an-n-n-s-n R \ns ]pd-m-p-Ibpw Is-dn-bp-Ibpw

sNpsam-bn-cpp Ah-cpsS adp-]-Sn. eqv \_n {]mn-p: Fs \mYm, Fsbpw
Fs IpSpw-_-sbpw Ch-cpsS {]hn-I-fn\nv c-s-Sp-tWta. Atm
At-l-sbpw At-l-ns IpSpw-_-n ]pdwXncnp\n B Ing-hnsbm
gnsIbp-h-sc-bpw c-s-Sp-p-I-bpw, sXmSn-Isf Xcn--W-am-p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
\nbw AXn [mcmfw ]mT--fp-v. Fm P\--fn A[n-I-t]cpw hnizm-kn-I-fmhp-I-bn-. \nbw \ns dv k-{]-Xm-]n-bmb AP--\pw, Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[n-bp-a-tm
(A-p-A-dm-Av: 160-175 t\mp-I).
h\-hm-kn-I (sF-m-hm-kn-I) {]hm-N-Iamsc Xn--d-n-p-v. Ah-cn-tev
\ntbm-Kns ipsF_v \_n Ah-tcmSv ]d-p: \n Am-lp-hns\ kqn-p-I,
\n Af-hnepw Xq-nepw Ir{Xnaw ImWn-m-sX t\sc-sNm-s-bp Xpem-kn
Xqp-I-, P\-v Ah-cpsS km[-\- Ipdhph-cpn \n `qansb \in-n--cp-Xv.
Atm Ah ]d-p: \o Rsftmep-smcp a\p-jy-\pw, \pW ]d-bp--h-cn
s]-h-\p-am-Wv. \o kXy-hm-\m-sW-n BIm-ip\np Hcp IjvWw R-fp-sSta
hogvpI. As\ Ah At-ls Xn--dv If-hm-n. Atm Hcp ImtaL-am-Ip IpS-bpsS cq]-nep hnin Ahsc ]nSn-Iq-Sn. \nbw AXn
[mcmfw ]mT-fp-v. Fm P\--fn A[n-I-t]cpw AXn hniz-kn-p-n-.
\nbw \ns dv k-{]-Xm-]n-bmb AP--\pw, Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[n-bp-a-tm (A-p-A-dmAv:
176-191 t\mp-I).
Adn-hn-m-bva-sImv hnizmknIfn\nv Fv sXp-Ip-- hmepw Am-lphn-t\mSv Gp-]d
-
m Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[n-bmb Amlp s]mdp-p-sIm-Sp-p-X
- m-Wv. _Jd:
173,182,192-193,226, Ben-Cw-dm: 31,89,129, An-km-A:v 25, amCZ: 3,34,39,74,98, A-Bw: 54,145,165,
AAvdm^v: 153,167, A^m: 69-70, Xu_: 5,27,91,99,102, bq\p-kv: 107, lqZv: 41, bqkp-^v:
53,98, C_vdm-low: 36, lnPv: 49, \lv: 18,110,115,119, Aq: 5,22,33,62, \wev: 11, Jkz-kv: 16,
k_-Av: 2, ^pkzn-e-v: 32, Aqd: 5, AlvJm-^v: 8, lpP-dm-v: 5,14, lZo-Zv: 28, apPm-Zne:
12, apwX-ln\: 7,12, XKm-_p: 14, Xlvcnw: 1, apk-n: 20 XpS--nb kq--sf-mw Ahkm-\n-p--Xv, Amlp Gsd s]mdp-p--h-\pw, Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[n-bp-amWv F Bi-btm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. ^pJm: 6,70, Alvkm-_v: 5,24,50,59, ^Xvlv: 14 XpS-nb kq-
Amlp Gsd s]mdp-p--h-\pw, Gsd Imcp-Wy-a-cp-fp--h\pw Bbn-cn-p-p-htm F
Bi-b-n-em-Wv Ah-km-\n-p--Xv.
dlvav (ImcpWyw): lqZv: 118-119 kq--fn, \ns dns ImcpWyw e`nm-hscmw bYm hgn-bn\nv `nn-p-t]m-Ip--XmWv Fp-]-d-n-p-v.
bqkp^vv: 53-, {]`p-hns `mcy: Rm Fs \nc-]c
- m-[n-bm-p-n-, \n-ba
- mbpw Bmhv
Xn-p-thn t{]cn-n-p--Xm-WvXs \mYs ImcpWyw Innb Bmshm-gn-sI.
\nbw Fs \mY Gsd s]mdp-p--h-\pw Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[n-bp-atm Fp-]-d-n-pv. An-km-Av: 113-, Am-lp-hns HuZm-cyhpw Imcp-Wyhpw \nsta Dm-bn-cpn-s-n Ah-cn Hcp hn`mKw \ns hgn-]n-g-n-p-hm DZy-an-pI Xs sNp-ambn-cppshpw, Aq: 10,14,20 XpS-nb kq--fn-semw Am-lp-hns HuZm-cyhpw
Imcp-Wyhpw \n-fp-sS-ta Dm-bn-cp-n-s-n \n \-s-h-cmIp-am-bn--cpp Fpw
A ^mXnl (1)
65
]-d-n-p-v. Jk-kv: 46-, aqkmsb \mw Xq]X `mKp\nv hnfn--tm \o

AhnsS Dm-bncpn-tm. Fm \n\papv ap-dn-bn-p-Im hcm Hcp P\Xsb ap-dn-bnv \Im thnbmWv, \ns dn- \np Imcp-Wy-ambnsmv
Ccw kw`-h- hnh-cnpXcp Jp-B Ah-X-cn-n-p-sXv ]d-bp-p.
ABw: 157, AAvdm^v: 52,203, bqkp^v: 111, \lv: 64 XpS-nb kq--fn-semw
Jp-B hnizm-kn-Iv kmKhpw Imcp-Wy-hp-am-sWv ]d-n-p-v. lqZv: 28-,
\qlv \_n At-l-ns P\-X-tbmSv ]dp: Rm Fs dn-\np Hcp shfn]m-Sn-em-Wv, F\nv Ah-\n\np Imcp-Wyhpw (Jp-B) e`n-p-p-v. Fm
\n AXns\smv A-cm-bn-cn-p-p. Atm \n shdp-p--h-cm-bn-cn-s
\nsf AXv D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-m Rm \n_-n-p-Itbm? 63-, kzmenlv \_n-bpw
P\--tfmSv CtX-Imcyw ]d-n-p-v. \ns dv Gsd s]mdp-p--h-\pw, Imcp-Wy-hm\p-am-Wv, Ah km-Zn--Xns t]cn Ahsc ]nSn-Iq-Sp-I-bm-sW-n AhcpsSta
in [rXn-bn \S-m-p-am-bn-cp-sv Ilv^v: 58-epw ]d-bp-p. Ilv^v: 98-, bAvPqPnsbpw aAvPqPn-sbpw iey-n\nv c-s-Sp--Xn\v Ccpv In-I sImp
aXn ]Wn-Xv sImSp--tijw "ZpJss\' B P\-X-tbmSv ]dp: CXv Fs \mY\n \np Imcp-Wy-am-Wv. Fs \mYs hmKvZw hp-I-gn-m, AXv s]mSn-]S-e-am-p--Xpam-Wv. Fs dns hmKvZ--am-I-s, AXv kXy-ambn ]pecp--Xv Xsbm-Wv.
^mXzn: 2, Amlp P\-v Ahs Imcp-Wy-n\nv XpdpsImSpm AXv ]nSnpshp--hcmcp-an-, AXns\ ]nSnpshm Abv hnSp--hcpw
Bcp-an Fp-]-d-bp-p. ^pJm: 48-, Xs Imcp-Wyns (a-g)- aptm-Sn-bmbn
ip`-hm-bmbn Imns\ Ab-p--Xpw, BIm-ip\nv ]cn-ip--amb shw hjnp-Xpw Am-lp-hm-Wv Fp-]-d-bpp. Jkkv: 73-, cm{Xnsb imn-tbm-Sp-IqSn
hn{i-an-p--Xn-\pw, ]I-en-s\ Ah-s- A-\p-{K-l- tXSn-]n-Sn-p--Xn\pw kuI-cys-Spn XXv Ahs Imcp-Wy-n s]-Xm-Wv Fp-]-d-bp-p.
Adqw: 21-, \nv imn \pIv kmbq-Py-apsm-p--Xn\pthn \nfn\np CW-Isf krjvSnXpw \nn-S-bn ]c-kv]cw kvt\-lhpw Imcp-Wyhpw
Dm-n-bn-cn-pXpw Ahs ZrjvSm---fn s]-XmsWpw, 36-, P\-sf \n
\np Hcp ImcpWyw cpNn-n-m AhcXn Bm-Zn-p-I-bm-bn. Ah-cpsS ssII
Hcp-n-shXns t]cn Hcp Xn Ah-cn _m[n-nm AhcXm Bi-b--h-cm-Ipp
Fpw-]-d-bp-p. Alvkm-_v: 17-, Amlp \_n-tbmSv tNmZn-m ]d-bp-p: Amlp
\nsmcp Xn As-n Hcp ImcpWyw Dt-in-m BcmWv Am-lp-hn \nXv
XS- b m- \ p- Xv ? 43- , Am- l phpw Ahs ae- p- I fpw hnizm- k n- I sf A\p{KlnppAhsc A- I m- c - - f n\nv {]Im- i - n- t ev ]pd- s - S p- h nn- p- Xn\pthn (Jp-B \IpI-hgn)Ah hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv hfsc Imcp-Wy-ap--h
Xs-bm-bn-cn-p-p. AAvdm^v: 151-, aqkm \_n {]mn-p: "Fs \mYm, F\npw
Fs ktlm-Z-c\pw s]mdp-p-X-cn-I, Rsf \o \ns Imcp-Wy-n {]thinn-pIbpw sNp-I-\o IcpW sNp--h-cn Ghpw \mbn IcpW sNp--h-\-tm'. bqkp^v: 64-, bAvJq_v \_n ]d-p: bqkp-^ns Imcy-n apv Rm \nsf hniz-
66
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
kn-Xv t]mse-b-msX Ahs ktlm-Z-c _nbmans Imcy-n F\nv \nsf

hniz-kn-m Ignbptam? A-tm Am-lp-hmWv Ghpw \ kqn-pIm-c, Ah
IcpW sNp--h-cn Ghpw \mbn IcpW sNp--h-\-tm. 87-, bAvJq_v \_n
asf hnfnv ]d-bp-p: \n Am-lp-hns ImcpWyn \ncm-i-s-S-cp-Xv. \nbw
\ntj-[n-If
- mb Hcp P\-Xb
-
- msX Am-lp-hns Imcp-Wy-n \ncm-is
- -Sp-Ib
- n-. 92,
bqkp-^ns\ Xncn--dn ktlm-Z-camtcmSv bqkp^v \_n ]d-p: Ct-Zn\w \ntfmSv {]Xn-Imc \S-]-Sn-I-sfmp-an-, Amlp \nv s]mdppXc-s. Ah IcpW
sNp--h-cn Ghpw \mbn IcpW sNp--h\tm.
lnPv: 56-, C_vdmlow \_n AXn-Yn-I-fmb ae-p-I-tfmSv ]dp: Xs dns
Imcp-Wy-n hngn-]n-g--h-c-msX \ncm-i-s-Sp-I-bn-. lqZv: 73-, ae-p-I C_vdmlow
\_n-bpsS ]Xv\n-tbmSv tNmZn-p: Am-lp-hns Iev]-\-bn \n ApXw Iqdppthm? Am-lp-hns Imcp-Wyhpw Ahs A\p-{K-lhpw, Hm C_vdm-lo-ans hopImtc
\n-fpsStaep-v. _Jd: 156-157, ]co--W-L--n Fmw Amlp ImWp-pv
F t_m[-nepw, R Xs Am-lp-hn\nv h-h-cpw, Am-lp-hn-tev Xs
Xncn- pt]m- t Ih- c patm F t_m[- n a- t bmsS hn- p- - h mWv
XfpsS \mY-\n\np A\p-{K-lhpw Imcp-Wyhpw hjn-p-I Fpw, 178-, hnizmkn-Isf hnfnv Amlp ]d-bpp: h[-n\v {]Xn-{Inb \Sm- \nv hn[n-n-cnp-p. Atm Bsc-nepw Xs ktlm-Z-c\v hnp-hogvN sNbvXv amv sImSpp
IbmsWn Ah {]b-nw \-\n-ev \I-Ww. AXv \n-fpsS \mY-\n
\np-smcp eLq-I-c-W-hpw, Imcp-Wy-hp-am-Wv. 218-, hniz-kn-p-Ibpw lnPvd t]mhp-Ibpw, Am-lp-hns amK-n XymK]cn-{i-a- sNp-Ibpw sNp--h Am-lphns ImcpWyw {]Xo-n-p--h-cm-Ip-p. Am-lp-hm-I-s, Gsd s]mdp-p--h-\pw,
Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[n-bp-atm Fp-]-d-bp-p. _Jd: 143, Alv: 7,47, lv: 65, l-Zo-Zv: 9
Fo kq-fn, Amlp P\--tfmSv hf-sc-b-[nIw Ir]-bp--h-\pw, Imcp-Wy-hm-\pamWv Fp-]-d-bp-p. liv: 10-, hnizm-kn-I ]qn-I-cmb hnizm-kn-Iv thn
s]mdp--ens\ tXSp-Ibpw, Ahscpdnv R-fpsS lrZ-b-n Hcp ]Ibpw Dm-cptX Fv {]mn-p-I-bpw, R-fpsS \mYm, \o Gsd Ir]-bp--h-\pw, Imcp-Wy-hm\p-atm Fp]d-bp-Ibpw sNp-p.
An-bm-Av: 83-, Aq_v \_n Xs \mYs\ hnfnv {]mn k`w kvacWo-b-am-Wv. \nbw Fs hn]v _m[n-n-cn-p-p, \o IcpW sNp--h-cn Ghpw
\mbn IcpW sNp--h-\-tm. apAvan\q: 109-, R-fpsS \mYm, \nbw R
hniz-kn-p. Atm \o Rv s]mdp-p-X-tc-W-ta, \o R-tfmSv IcpW sNtWta, \o IcpW sNp--h-cn Ghpw \mbn IcpW sNp-h-\-tm Fpw, 118-,
Fs \mYm, F\nv s]mdppXcn-I-bpw, Fs-ta \ns ImcpWyw hjn-p-Ibpw
sNt-W-ta, \o IcpW sNp--h-cn Ghpw \mbn IcpW sNp-h-\-tm Fv
{]mn-m \_n-tbmSv Iev]n-pp. Rsfsmv hnSpXn sNbvXmepw, R-v
s]mdppXmepw, R-fn \ns ImcpWyw hjnmepw, \obmWv R-fpsS bP-am\. \ntj-[n-I-fmb Hcp P\Xbn\nv Rsf \o klmbnp-Ibpw sNtW-ta
Fv {]mn-m _Jd: 286- hnizm-kn-It- fmSpw Amlp Iev]n-p-pv. AAvdm^v:
23-, BZw Z-Xn-I {]mn-p: R kz-tmSv A{Iaw {]hnp: \o
A ^mXnl (1)
67
Rv s]mdppXn-n-s-n, Rfn ImcpWyw hjn-n-n-s-n R

Fmw \jvS-s--hcmbn-tmIp-a-tm!lqZv: 47- \qlv \_n {]mn-p: Fs \mYm,
\nbw F\nv Adn-hn-m Imcy- tNmZn-p-Xn-\nv Rm \ntmSv A`bw
tXSp-p. \o F\nv s]mdpp Xn-n-s-n \ns ImcpWyw Fn hjn-n-n-sn Rm Fmw \jvS-s--h-cn s]p-t]m-Ipatm.
]qnI kap-Zm-b-n thiym-hrn sNbvXncp Hcp kv{Xo, Zmlnv ap-I-psmcp \mbv kzw ]mZ-c D]-tbm-K-nv shw FSp-p-sIm-Spv Zmlw XoXns t]cn Amlp Ahsf kzK-n-emn Fv \_n (k) ]Tn-n-p-I-bp-m-bn.
Fm Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-I-fn\nv Xs-bp I]S`-bmb Hcp kv{Xo, ]q
sb sIn-bn-Sp-I-bpw, Am-lp-hns `qan-bn Cc-tX-Sp--Xn\nv XS-v AXns\ sImpIbpw sNbvX-Xns t]cn \c-I-n-embn Fpw ]Tnn-n-pv. Npcp--n Amlp-hn-sbpw {]hm-N-I-sbpw ImcpWyw a\-n-em-p-I-bpw, AXn-\-\p-k-cnv {]hnp-Ibpw sNpI hnizm-kn-I am{X-am-Wv. Fm Poh-Pm-e-pw Ah-c-h-cpsS `mjbn Am-lp-hn\v Io\w sNp--Xn\v (C-kvdm-Av: 44, Aq: 41) kuIcyw Hcp-nsIm-Sp-p--Xn\pw, `qan-bn c-sm-cn-n \n-emn a\p-jy-cpsS sFIyw \ne\npXn\pw, I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Iv ChnsS kzKob PohnXw \bn-p--Xn\pw thn,
`qan AXns kp-e-\-n \ne-\np--Xn\mbn Ah Jp-B\ns Bibw ]Tnp-Ibpw ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNp--Xm-Wv.
3.
hn[n-Zn-h-k-ns A[n-]-\mbh.
Fmw ]Xn-bn-cpv hon-p, Dd-hpw ab-h

- p-an-m, BZy\pw Ay-\pamb,
D]-abpw DZm-l-c-Whpanm, GIm-[n-]\pw tkzOm-[n-]\pw km-[n-]-\pw, {XnIme
m\n-bpamb cmPm-[n-cm-Ps apn Fm Hmtcm-cp-cpw ]Xn-\v hb-n\ptijw
ac-Ww-hs
- c-bp CltemI P
- o-hn-Xnse Hmtcm \nan-jspdnpw \Kv\cm-bn, \Kv\]mZ-cm-bn, tNem-I-c-ln-X-cm-bn H-sm--mbn Hcp Znh-kw Dcw ]d-tb-n-hcpw.
AXmWv hn[n-Zn-h-kw. Av Ah-c-h-cpsS sXmenI, tIhnI, ImgvN-I XpS-n-bh-sbmw Ahs-Xn-cmbn kmywhlnpw (^p-n-ev: 19-24) AtZn\w Ip-hm-fnI-fpsS hmbv \mw ap{Zsh-p-Ibpw, Ah km-Zn--Xns\smv \tmSv Ah-cpsS
ssII kwkm-cn-p-Ibpw, Im-ep-I kmn\np-Ibpw sNpw (bm-ko: 65) \mhpIfpw Kply-m-\-fpw K`-]m--{Xfpw Fp-th Fm Ah-b-h-fpw AXns
dnmUv kan-pZn\w! (An-km-Av: 1, CkvdmAv: 36, A-q: 24 ), `qan AXns
dnmUv kan-pZn\w! (knkne: 4). hn[nZnh-k-s ]cn-N-b-s-Spp--Xm-Wv
JpB\nse aqnsemv kq-.
Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-I-sf A`n-kw-t_m-[\w sNbvXp-sImv: Hcmfpw asm-cmv
Hcp\nepw D]-Im-c-s-Sm Hcp-\m-fns\ kqn-p-I, Av Hcm-fn\npw ip]mitbm
{]mbntam kzoI-cn--s-Sp-I-bn-, Ah Hcp\nepw klm-bn--s-Sp-I-bp-an- Fv
_Jd: 48-,123 kq-fneqsS samw a\p-jysc Amlp ]Tnn-p-p. Ahn-ln-X-amb
amK-n ]Ww km-Znv icocw \njn--am--cp-sX-pw, kImv \In kzbw ipoI-cn-Wsap-w ]-d--Xn\ptijw _Jd: 281-, Amlp ]d-bp-p: Fm Hmtcm
\^vkn\pw AXv km-Zn-X
- n-\p ]cn-]q {]Xn-êw \I-s-Sp, BtcmSpw A]w
68
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
t]mepw A\o-Xn-Im-Wn--s-Sm--Xp-amb HcpZn\s \n kqn-p-I. Ben-Cwdm: 9, Adn-hn AKm-[-m\w e`n--h {]mn-p--Xm-Wv: \mYm \o, P\-sf
Fm-h-scbpw Hcp-an-p-Iq-p Hcp\mfp-v, B \mfns Imcy-n kwi-b-an Xs,
\nbw \o hmKvZ-- ewLn-p-I-bn. A-n-km-Av: 42, hn[n-Zn-hkw, kXys
(Jp-Bs
- \) aqSn-sh-p-Ib
- pw {]hm-NI
- s\ [n-cn-p-Ibpw sNbvXh
- `qan ]nfv Xsf
hngp-n-sImv \nc-m-bncps-n Fv B{K-ln-p-t]m-Ipw, AhcpsS Hcp h-am\hpw Am-lp ad-p-sh-p-I-bn- Fpw ]d-n-pv. hn[n-Zn-hkw Fm Hmtcm kapZm-b-n\npw kmn-bmbn \_n-am-scbpw hnizm-kn-I-sfbpw sImp-h-cp--Xm-Wv (An-km-Av: 41, \lv: 89, kpa: 69 t\mp-I). Ckvdm-Av: 13-14 kq--fn, Av Ahc-h-cpsS ]nc-Sn-bn _n-n-p I-tcJ Xs Ahs-Xn-cmbn kmyw hln-psav ]d-n-p-v (I-lv^v: 49, ^mXzn: 11, bmko: 12, Pmknb: 28-29, \_-Av: 27-29
kq--fnsemw ]d {Khpw Cu I-tcJ -X-s-bm-Wv). Fm Bmhpw
Ahp-thn apIqn Hcp-n-sh-Xv ImWpZn\w Jp-B aqSn-sh-p \ntj[n
]d-p-t]m-Ipw: Rm am-bn-os-n F{X \mbn-cp-ts\ Fv \_-Av: 40
]d-n-p-v. \lv: 111-, B Zn\-n Fm Hmtcm Bmhns\bpw kz-n-s\Xn-cmbn Xn-p--h-cm-bnv sImph-cp--Xpw, Fm Hmtcm- Bm-hn\pw Ah
{]hn--Xn\p ]q-amb {]Xn-êw sImSp-p--XpamWv, BtcmSpw Hpw A\oXn
ImWn-p-I-bpan-- Fp-]-d-n-p-v. Fm Hmtcm Bmhpw AXv kmZn \bpw
AXv kZn Xnbpw lmP-cm--s-Sp Hcp Znhkw Ip-app--Xm-Wv. Av Ahsbpw B Zn\nsbpanS-bn AXn-hn-Zq-c-amb AI Dm-bn-cp-s-n F{X \mbn-cp-tt\ Fv Ah\m{K-ln-pw. Amlp Ahs\-p-dnpXs \nsf PmK-cq-Icmp-p. Am-lp-hm-Is Ahs ASn-a-I-tfmSv hfsc Ir]-bp--h-\pam-Ip-p (BenwCw-dm: 30). An-km-Av: 87-, Amlp, Ah HgnsI asmcp Cem-lp-an-. hn[n-Zn-hk-\m-fn \nsf Fmhscbpw Hcp-an-p-Iq-pw, AXns Imcy-n kwi-b-an-. Amlp-hn-t\-m kXyw]d-bp--h Bcpv? Fv tNmZn-p-p.
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fn Nne, \_n (k) PqX\v A\p-Iq-e-ambn hn[n- {]kvXmhnXnep Ah-cpsS Aajw {]ISn--tm hnizm-kn-I-fn\np Nne-cpsS a\-n
Xsbpw \_n (k)-bpsS hn[nsXn-cmbn Aajw tXmn. Ahscpdnv A-n-kmAv: 109 ]d-bpp: lm \nCq- XssFln-I-tem-Iv Ahp-thn
(Ccw h-Iamp-thn) hmZn-p-p. Atm Ay-Zn-\-n Bcm-W-hpthn Am-lp-hnt\mSv hmZn-p-I, As-n Bcm-W-h-cpsS Imcytas-Sp-p-I BenCw-dm: 91, amCZ: 36, bq\p-kv: 54, dAvZv: 18, kpa: 47 XpS-nb kq--fn-semw JpB Inn-bnv AXns\ aqSn-sh-p-I-bpw, \ntj-[-n-\p-ta \ntj[w ssIsIm-p-Ibpw
sNbvX-hv `qan-bn-ep kkzhpw e`nnv, AXp-sImv sXw \In B Zn\nse in-bn\nv tamN\w \Im-sav Icp-Xn-bm km[n-p-I-bn-. Ahv
Hcp klm-bnbpw Dm-hp-I-bn Fp-]-d-n-pv. Xu_: 55epw, 85epw, Atm
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-IfpsS kpIfpw km-\-fpw \ns B-cy-s-Sp-tXn.
\nbw Ah aptJ\ sFln-I-Po-hn-X-n Xs Ahsc in-bn AI-s-Sp--Wsa-pw, kXy-\n-tj-[n-I-fmbnsmv Xs Ah Poh shSn-b-W-sa-p-as{X Amlp
Dt-in-p--Xv Fp-]-d-n-p-v.
A ^mXnl (1)
69
amCZ: 109-, Amlp Fm {]hm-N-Iam-scbpw Hcp-\m-fn Hcp-an-p-Iq-p-sa-pw,

Fv adp-]-Snbpw sImmWv \n hn-p-Xv Fv tNmZn-pXpam-Wv. Atm
Ah ]d-bpw: R-fpsS ] bmsXmcp Adn-hp-an-, \nbw AZr-iy--sfmw Adnbp k-m\n \o am{X-atm (A-Avdm^v: 6 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I) Cukm \_nsb {]tXyIw
hnNm-cW sNp cwKw amCZ: 116-120 hni-Zo-I-cn-n-p-v. A-Bw: 22-24 kq-fn, Fmh-tcbpw Hcp-an-p-Iq-p \mfn apivcnp-I-tfmSv Amlp tNmZn-p--Xm-Wv:
FsqSmsX \n kzoI-cn-n-cp \n-fpsS ]m-fn-I FhnsS? Atm Ah
]d-bpw: R-fpsS DS-a-bmb \mYm, R-sfm-cn-epw ]p-tNp--h Bbn-cp-n-.
t\mq {]hm-N-Im, Ah kz-n-s\-Xn-cmbnv F-s\-bmWv \pW ]d-bp-Xv? Ah
sIn--a--sXmw Ahsc hnp-t]m-bn-cn-pp. Ah hnfn-p -{]mn-n-cp--Xpw, t\
hgn-]m-Sp-I \In-bn-cp--Xp-samw kzbw \ntj-[n-p-sav Jk-kv: 62-64, ^mXzn: 1314 kq--fn ]d-n-p-v (A-Avdm^v: 194-195 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Jp-B Inn-bnv
AXv kzbw D]-tbm-Kn-m-Xn-cn-p-I-bpw, aphv \Im-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp--h
hn[n-Zn-hkw \c-I-ns hn \n-s-Sp-tm: Hm R-fpsS IjvSw, R-fpsS
\mYm, R- hnizmkn-I-fm-Ip--Xn\pthn Rsf Hcn-IqSn sFln-I-Po-hn-Xn-tev Xs Xncn--b-p-I Fp-]-d-bp-sav ABw: 25-27, AAvdm^v: 53, apAvan:
11, kPZ: 12 XpS-nb kq--fn ap-dn-bnv \Inbnp-v. Fm Av Fm
Bmhn\pw Ah- c - h km- Z n- - X n- \ p {]Xn- ^ - e w \Ip- s a- pw, Ah- t cmSv
A]wt]mepw A\oXn ImWn-p-I-bn-s-pw, hfsc thK-n Ah-cpsS IW-p-I
t\mp-sapw ]d-n-p-v. A-Bw: 28-, Av Ah sFln-I-tem-Ipshv ad-pI-f Fm sXp-Ifpw shfn-hm-p-sa-pw, C\n AYhm Ahsc sFln-I-tem-I-ntev Xs Xncn--b-mepw Ah-tcmSv hntcm-[n-Xv XsbmWv hopw {]hn-pIsb-pw, \nbw Ah \pW]dbp--h Xs-bm-sWpw ]d-n-p-v (kpa: 48,
Pmknb: 33, Azm-cn-Jv: 9 Iqn-hmbn-p-I).
A-Bw: 94-, H-bvsm--mbnmWv Hmtcm-cp-cpw B Znhkw Am-lp-hns
apn Dcw ]d-tb--sXpw, Ahv AhnsS `qan-bnse bmsXmcp kpw D]tbm-K-s-Sp-I-bn-spw AhcpsS ]m-fnI-fp-am-bp _--sfmw Av apdnpIf-bpsapw ]d-n-p-v. Ilv^v: 48, adn-bw: 80,95 XpS-nb kq--fnepw CtX Bi-b-amWp--Xv. AAvdm^v: 37--, Jp-B Inn-bnv aqSn-sh-p I]-S-hn-izmknIfpw, JpB\ns Bibw ]Tn-m {ian-msX Xn-fbp km[m-c-W-mcpw ac-W-k-a-bv
"R \ntj-[n-I-fm-bn-cp-p' Fv kz-ns\Xn-cmbn kmywhln-p-sa-pw, Ah
\c-I-n {]th-inn-sSp-sapw ]d-n-p-v. A-Bw: 130-, a\p-jy-scbpw PnpI-sfbpsamw Hcp-an-p-Iq-p hn[n-Zn-hk\mfn, Fs kq hnh-cnp Xn-cp,
C-s\-sbmcp \mfns\pdnv ap-dn-bnv \Inbncp ZqXam \nv hn-cpnt Fv tNmZn-p-tm Ah ]dbpw: AsX \mYm, hn-cp-p, R \ntj-[nI Xs Bbn-cp-pshv Ah kz-n-s\-Xn-cmbn kmywhln-pXpam-Wv.
As\ ùXn-I -Po-hnXw Ahsc hn-p Fpw]d-n-p-v. amXm-]n-Xm- av
Jp-B\ns Bibw ]Tn-n-m-Xn-cp-m a Ahscpdnv Ch-cmWv Rsf hgn]n-g-n--Xv, Chv Ccn in \ItW Fv \c-I-nshv ]-d-bp-sav AAvdm^v:
38- ap-dn-bnv \Inbn-p-v. kzmZv: 55- Amlp ]d-bpp: ]cn[n ewLnv XmKq-
70
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
n\v hnt[-b-cmbn Pohn--hv Ghpw tami-s aS--am-Wp--Xv. \c-I-n BZyw

t]mb hn`m-K-tmSv Amlp ]dbpw: ]nKm-an-I Iqambn \n-fpsS taen-te-nXm
Xn-hc
- pp. Atm \c-I
- n-ep-h
- ]d-bpw: Ahv Chn-tSv kzmK-Xa
- n-, \nbw
Ah \c-I-n thhn--s-tShcm-Wv. ]nKm-an-I ]dbpw: A; \nmWv
kzmK-X-an-m--Xv. \n RfpsS apn h-h-c-t. Atm AsX{X tami-s
hmk--ew. ]nKman-I ]d-bpw: R-fpsS \mYm, R-fpsS apKman-I-fmWv Ch,
Chv \cIin-bn\nv Ccn hn-nv sImSp-mepw. Ah tNmZn-pw: \apv
Fp-]-n! \mw hfsc tami-s--h-scv IcpXnbn-cp Bfp-Isf ChnsS ImWp-n-tm!
Ahsc \mw ]cn-lm-k-ambn sXsc-s-Sp-n-cp-tm, AtXm Ah \psS ZrjvSnbn s]Sm--XmtWm? A{]-Imcw \c-I-ns Bfp-I Xn-p Imcyw kXyambn ]pe-cp-IXs sNp--Xm-Wv (kzmZv: 59-64).
Alvkm_v: 66, \c-I-hm-kn-I-fpsS apJ- \c-I-n Xncnpwadnpw thhnp-tm Ah ]d-bp--XmWv: Hm R-fpsS \miw, R Am-lp-hns\ A\p-k-cnn-cp-s-n, R {]hm-N-Is\ A\p-k-cn-n-cp-s-n F{X \m-bn-cp-p-t-s\.
67-, \nbw R t\Xm-am-scbpw tIaam-scbpw A\p-k-cn-p, Atm Ah
Rsf bYm hgn-bn\nv ]n-g-np. 68-, R-fpsS \mYm, Chv \c-I-in-bn\nv Ccn \Ip-I-bpw, Ahsc A[n-I-cnv i]n-p-Ibpw sNbvXm-epw Fp-]-dn-p-v. C-_vdm-low: 21, Ah Fm-hcpw Hcp-\m-fn Am-lp-hns apn ad-bnmsX shfn-s-Sp--Xm-Wv. Av Cl-tem-Iv Zp_-e-cm-bn-cp-- A\p-bm-bn-I tIaamcmbn Nancp t\Xm--tfmSv ]dbpw: \nbw ùXnI temIv R \nsfbmbn-cp-tm ]n]-n-bn-cp--Xv, Atm ChnsS Am-lp-hns in-bn\nv
hXpw Rfn\nv \on-cm \nv km[n-ptam? Ah ]d-bpw: Rsf
Amlp kamK- n- e m- n- b n- c p- p- s h- n \nbw R \n- s fbpw
kamKnem-p-am-bn-cp-p. Ctm- ChnsS \mw ]c-kv]cw Ie-ln-mepw anmepw Xpey-am-Ip-p. GXp\nepw \s cn-m Bcpan-. _Jd: 166167, t\Xmfpw A\p- b m- b n- I fpw ]c- k v ] cw _- apdnpIf- b p- - X pw, A\p- b m- b n- I
Rsmcp Ah-kcw Inp-I-bm-sW-n Cv R-fn\npw \n hnap--cm-bXp-t]mse \n-sfbpw R Hgn-hm-p-am-bn-cp-p Fv t\Xm--tfmSv ]d-bp--Xp-amIp-p. A{]-Imcw Ah-cpsS {]h-\--sfmw ]mgmbntm-Ip-XmWv Fp-]-d-np-v. apAvan: 47-50epw CtX cwKw hnh-cn-n-p-v. k_Av: 31-, Cv Jp-Bs\ aqSnsh-p-Ibpw Xn--dbpIbpw sNbvX Im^n-dp-I-fmb A{I-an-Isf Hcp-an-p-Iq--s-Sp
\mfn A\p-bm-bn-I t\Xm--tfmSv ]d-bp--XmWv: \n Dm-bn-cp-n-s-n
R hnizm-kn-I-fm-Ip-am-bn-cpts\ Fpw, 32-, kamKw (Jp-B) \nv
hp-In-n-b-Xn-\p-tijw R-fmtWm \nsf AXn\nv XS--Xv, Atm \n
{`mam Xs-bm-bn-cpp Fv t\Xm- adp-]Sn ]d-bp--Xmbpw ]dnpv (k_Av: 33 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). kzm^m-v: 2835, A\p-bm-bn-I ]d-bpw: \n Rsf
A[n-Imctm-Sp-IqSn he-Xp-`m-K-n-eqsS (R-sf kamK-n-tev \bn-p--h-cmsW \mSy-tm-sS) kao-]nncp-p-h-tm, Atm t\Xm-am ]dbpw: A,
Rv \n-fn Hcp kzm[o-\hpw Dm-bn-cp-n-, \n ]cn[n ewLn--h-cm-bn-cp
p. \p-sS-ta dns hN\w ]qn-bm-bn. \ AXv Bkz-Zn-pIXs thWw.
R- ey-t_m[w \jvS-s-hcm-bXpt]mse \n-sfbpw \jvS-s-Spn. As\
A ^mXnl (1)
71
At-Zn\w Ah in-bn ]m-fn-I-fm-hp--XpamWv. A{]-Im-c-amWv \mw {`mamtcmSv {]hn-p-I.

kzm^m-v: 50-56 kq--fn, kzK-hm-kn-I ]c-kv]cw Ip-apn kwkm-cn-p-Xm-Wv. Atm Ah-cn\np Hcm ]d-bp--XmWv: F\n-smcp Cl-tem-Ismcp Iqp-Im-c-\p-m-bn-cp-p, Ah FtmSv tNmZn-p-am-bn-cpp: \o Jp-B\ns\
kXy-s-S-p--h-cn s]-h Xs-bmtWm? \mw acnv apw Fp-am-bn-om
hopw ]p\Pohn-nv CltemI PohnX-n\v {]Xn-êw \Ip-sav \o hniz-kn-pptm? Atm Amlp Ah-t\mSv tNmZnpw: \nntm Ahs\ ImWWtam? As\ Ah Fn-t\mpw, Atm \c-I-ns a[y-n-embn B Iqp
Imcs\ ImWp-Xpw, Atm kzK-hmkn ]dbpXp-amWv: Am-lp-hmWv kXyw,
\n\v km[n-ncps-n \o Fsbpw Cu bYm Zo\n\nv ]nn-cn-nv If-bpam-bncpp. Hm a\p-jy-tc, \n-fpsS \mYs\ kqn-pI. At-Zn\w (hn-[n-Zn-h-kw)
Hcp ]nXmhpw HcpaI\v D]-Im-c-s-Sp-I-bn (ep-Jvam: 33) ]nXm-hn\v aI-\pw, aI ]nXmhn\pw D]-Im-c-s-Sm B \mfns\ kqn-p-I, ùXn-I-Po-hnXns Imcy-n B
almh-I (]n-im-Nv) \nsf hn-m-Xn-cn--s. At-Zn\w Hmtcmcpcpw Ahs
ktlm-Z-c-\n\npw, ]nXm-hn\npw, CW-I-fn\npw, km-\--fn \npw HmSnb-I-ep--Xm-Wv. Fm-hpw Ah-c-h-cpsS Imcy-Xs t\mm Gsd-bp-m-bn-cnpw. hcmt]mIp B Zn\w Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n Iv, CltemI-p-shv
Xs kzKw ]Wn-X-h-cpsS apJw {]tim-`n-X-amhpIbpw, Am--h-cp-tSXv Idpv Icnhm-fn-p-Ibpw sNp--Xm-Wv. Aq- Xs-bmWv ^mPn-dp-I-fpw, Im^n-dp-I-fpw, ap\m^n-Jp-I-fpw (A-_k: 3442). Av ^mPn-dp-I-fpw Im^n-dp-I-fp-amb apPvcnwI ({`m-am),
Xs a-sf-tbm CW-sbtbm ktlm-Z-c--sftbm, Ah\v Cl-tem-Iv A`bw\Inb-h-sc-tbm, am-sc-sb-n-eptam, sXw sImSpv in-bn\nv c-s-Sm B{K-lnp Zn\-am-WXv Fv aB-cn-Pv: 11-14 ap-dn-bnv \Inbn-p-v.
Av, Jp-Bs\ Ah-KWnv Pohn-ncp A{I-an-I X-fpsS ssI ISnv IjvSw,
Rm dkq-ens amKw sXsc-s-Sp-n--tm, Rm B-an-{X-ambn Cm-en Bsf
sXsc-s-Sp-n-p-m-bn-cp-n-s-n F{X \m-bn-cp-t-s\. Ah-\m-Wtm Jp-B\n\nv Fs XS--Xv. ]nimNv a\p-jy\v alm-h--I-\m-bn-cn-p-p Fv hne-]np cwKw ^pJm: 27-29 ap-dn-bnv \Inbn-pv. Av, dkq Jp-B\pw
sImp-hv, Fs \mYm, Fs P\X Cu Jp-B-\ns\ Ah-K-Wn--XmWv Chv
h ZpK-Xn-sbv A\ymbw t_m[n-n-p cwKw ^pJm: 30- ]d-bp-p. Xzmlm:
124-127, BcmtWm Jp-B\ns Bi-bn\nv AIv Pohn-p--Xv, Ahv
CltemIv IpSp-mb Pohn-X-am-Wp--Xv. Ah ]c-tem-Iv Ipcp-S\mbn ]p\Po-hnnv Hcp-an-p-Iq--s-Spw. Atm Ah ]d-bpw: Fs \mYm, sFln-I-tem-Iv F\nv
In\v ImgvNbp-m-bn-cp-tm, ChnsS FmWv Fs Ipcp-S-\mbn ]p\Po-hn-n-n-cnp--Xv? Atm Amlp ]dbpw: icn-bm-Wv, \o Jp-B kq-sf hnkva-cn--Xn\m Ct-Zn\w \obpw hnkva-cn--s-n-cn--bmWv. Xzmlm: 99-100, \nbw \n\v
\mw \n \npsmcp ZnIv (Jp-B\ns Bi-bw) \In--gn-p. Atm
BcmtWm AXns\ Ah-K-Wn--Xv, \nbw Ah Jnbm-ap\mfn ]m]-`mcw hlnpIXs sNpw Fp-]-d-n-p-v. (AAvdm^v: 51, ^pn-e-v: 26-28, kPZ: 14-15
72
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
kq- Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
Ckvdm-Av: 72-, BcmtWm Jp-Bt\mSv Cl-tem-Iv AX \Sn-Xv Ah ]ctem-Iv IqSp-X A-X-bp--h-cm-bn-cn-psapw, ^Pv: 23-24, \cIw ASp-npZn\w (hn-[n-Zn-h-kw) Rm Jp-B\ns Bibw D]-tbm-KsSp-nbn-cppshn F{X \m-bn-cp-pshv a\p-jy\v t_m[ywhcpw, Rm Fs Bbpv shdpsX
If--tm Fv tJZn-pIbpw sNpsapw ap-dn-bnv \In-bn-p-v. (Ilv^v: 100101, ZpJm: 10-14 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). hn[n-Zn-h-k-\m-fn hnizm-kn-I imn-bnepw kam[m-\-n-ep-am-bn-cn-p-sav ^pJm: 24- ]d-n-p-v. bmko: 5354 AXv
HK\amsX Bbn-cn-p-I-bn-, Atm Ah Fm-hcpw \psS ka--w lmPcm--s-Sp-p. At-Zn\w Hcp Bmhnt\mSpw A]wt]mepw A\oXn ImWn--s-SpI-bn-, \n {]hn--Xn-\-msX {]Xn-êw \Ip-I-bp-an- Fpw, 55-58, \nbw
kzK-hm-kn-Ifpw Ah-cpsS CW-Ifpw ku`m-Ky--fnepw B`m-S--fnepw, XW-ep-I-fnepw,
Nmcp-a---fn ]c-kv]cw Nmcn-bn-cpv Bm-Zn-phcp-am-bn-cn-pw. AhhnsS
Fm-Xcw ]g-hKfpw, Ah B{K-ln-p--sXpw e`n-p-Ibpw sNpw. ]c-a-Im-cpWn-I-\mb Ah-cpsS DS-a-bn\nv Ah-tcm-Sp hN\w kam-[m\w, kam-[m\w Fmbn-cn-psapw ]d-n-p-v. 59--64 kq--fn Amlp ]d-bpp: tl, {`mamtc,
Ct-Zn\w \n amdn-\npI, tl BZw km-\-tf, \n ]nim-Nn\pthn
Pohn--cpXv (]n-im-Nns\ Pohn-n--cp-Xv) Fv \n-tfmSv DS-Sn hmn-bn-cp-nt?
\nbw Ah \nv hy-amb i{Xp-hm-Ipp. \n F\n-p-thn am{Xw
Pohn-pI (Fs Pohn-n-pI) AXm-Ipp t\scsNms-bp amKw. \nfn
A[n-I-t]-scbpw Ah hgn-]n-g-nv ]mn-em-n-bn-cn-p--tm, Atm \n _pnbp-]-tbm-Knv Nnn-p--h-cm-bncpn-t? CXm \n-tfmSv hmKvZm\w sNbvXncp \cIw!,
\n Jp-B aqSn-sh-psIm-n-cp--Xn-\m Ct-Zn\w AXn- shs-cn-bpI.
^mn-l-bnse Cu aqmw kqw ]mcm-bWw sNp-tm kzKhm-kn-I-fpsS
Iq-n tNm-\pw, \c-Ih
- m-kn-If
- psS Iqn tNm-Xn-cn-m\pw a\-n {]mnt-Xm-Wv. C^n-Xzm: 17-19, hn[nZnh-kspdnv \n\-s--dnbmw? ]ns
hn[nZnh-kspdnv \n\-s--dnbmw? Hcmpw asm-cmv Hcp]-Im-chpw Hcp]-{Zhhpw sNm Ign-bm Znh-k-am-W-Xv. Fm Iev]-\bpw Av Am-lp-hn\v am{X-amWv Fp-]-d-n-p-v. hn[n-Zn-h-k-\m-fn Amlp `qan apgp-h Npcp-n- CSXpInepw,
BImiw apgp-h he-Xp-I-nepw ]nSnv: Rm\mWv tkzm-[n-]-Xn, Rm\mWv Al-m-cn,
Rm\mWv km-[n-]-Xn, Rm\mWv GIm-[n-]-Xn, FhnsS `qanbnse cmPm-am? FhnsS
Alm-cn-I? FhnsS tkzm-[n-]am Fv tNmZn-p--Xpw, Av Fm-hscbpw DSpXp-Wnbn-msX Am-lp-hns apn lmPcmsSp--XpamWv. Cv BmWv cmPm[n]Xyw?, Fmw ASn`-cn-p km-[n-]\
- mb Am-lp-hn\v am{Xw (kpa: 67, apAvan:
16 Iqn-hm-bn-pI)
C_vdm-low: 48-51, At-Zn\w BIm-ihpw `qan-bp-samw AX-m-Xmn amsSpI-bpw, Fm-hcpw Fmw AS-n-`-cn-p Am-lp-hns apn ad-\on sImp-h-cs-Sp-X
- p-am-Wv Fp-]d
-
n-p-v. Av {`mamsc N-eI
- f
- n _n-X
- mbn \n\v
ImWmw. Ah-cpsS hkv{Xw Sm Bbn-cn-pw, Ah-cpsS apJ XosImv aqSp-Ibpw
sNp--Xm-Wv. Fm Hmtcm Bmhn\pw Ah km-Zn--Xn-\p {]Xn-êw \Im-
A ^mXnl (1)
73
\mWv BZn\w \n-bn-n-p--Xv. \nbw Amlp hfsc thKw IWpt\mp--h-\tm. \ntj-[n-I Ah-cpsS i]-Y-pthn Am-lp-hns\smv BW-bn-v ]dbpp: Amlp Hcn-epw acn-hsc ]p\Po-hn-n-pIbn F-v. A; AXv Ahs
kXyambn ]pecm\p hmKvZm\w Xs-bm-Wv. ]t P\--fn A[n-I-t]cpw Adn-hnm--h-cm-Ip-p. Ah GXv hnj-b--fn-emtWm `nn-n-p--Xv, AXn Xocp-am\w
Iev]n-p--Xn-\pw, \ntj-[n-I Ifhv ]d-bp--h Xs-bmbncp-p-shv Ah Adn-bp-Xn\pw thn-bmWv BZn\w \n-bnnp--Xv Fv \lv: 38-39 ]d-n-p-v.
Am-lp-hnsta Iw sIn--ap ]d A{I-an-Isf X-fpsS \mYs apn
lmP-cm-p-I-bpw, Atm kmn-I (A-h hmbn Jp-B, Ah-cpsSXs ssIImep-I, tIhn, ImgvN, ae-pI, {]hm-N-Iam, hnizm-kn-I) Cq--cmWv X-fpsS
DS-ab
- mb \mYsta Iw ]d-h
- Fp]dbp cwKw kvac-Wo-ba
- m-Wv. Adnncnp-I, A{I-an-I-fp-sS-ta Am-lp-hns im]-apv. Am-lp-hns amKssmv
(JpB\ns Bi-b-n\nv) P\-sf XS-bp-I-bpw, Am-lp-hns amKs h{IoI-cn-p-Ibpw, ]c-tem-Is \ntj-[n-pIbpw sNbvXh-cmWh. Aq- `qan-bn
Am-lp-hns\ ]cm-P-b-s-Sp-p--h-scm-p-am-bn-cp-n-. Ahv Am-lp-hns\qSmsX
kwc--Itcm klm-bnItfm Dm-bn-cp-n-. Ahv in Cc-n-nv \Ip--Xm-Wv.
Cl-tem-Iv Jp-B\ns Bibw tIm-t\m, Dm-gvNm-Zm-b-I-amb Jp-B\ns
Bibw ImWmt\m Ahv km[n-n-cp-pan. Aq--cmWv Xsf kzbw \jvS-sSp-n-b-h. Ah sIn--a [mcW-I-sfmw Ahscsmv ]ng-p-t]m-bn-cn-p-p,
kwi-b-an-; \nbw ]c-n Ah Xs-bmWv \jvS-s--h. Fm hniz-kn-pI-bpw, kI- A\p-jvTn-p-Ibpw sNp--h a\-m--hm-Nm--IWm X-fpsS \mY\v Iog-S-n-b-h-cm-Wv. Aq- kzK-n \nXy-hm-kn-I-fpambn-cnpsav lqZv:
18-23 ]d-n-p-v. kzK-hm-kn-I \c-I-hm-kn-Isf hnfnv tNmZn-pXm-Wv, RfpsS \mY R-tfmSv hmKvZw sNbvXXv kXy-ambn R Isn. Atm
\n-fpsS \mY \n-tfmSv hmKvZw sNbvXXv kXy-ambn Isntbm? \c-I-hmkn-I ]d-bpw: AsX; Atm Ahn-S-bn Hcp hnfn-bmf hnfnp ]d-bpw: A{I-anI-fp-sS-ta Am-lp-hns im]-ap-v. Ah Am-lphns amKs (Jp-B\ns
Bi-bs)smv kzbw XS-h
- c
- pw, ap-h
- sc XS-hcpw, Am-lp-hns amKs
h{Io-I-cn--hcpw ]c-tem-In Ahniz-kn--h-cp-am-Wv Fv AAvdm^v: 44-51 ]dnp-v. bqkp-^v: 39-40, _n\: 5, Xu_: 35 XpS-nb kq--fn-semw ]d-bp- hn[nZn-h-k-w c-s-S-W-sa-n, B Znh-knse cwK- _kzm-C-dmb (A-Bw: 104)
Jp-B-\ns Bibw D]-tbm-Knv ImWp-Ibpw, samw -Po-hn-Xw Jp-B-\ns Bi-bn {Ia-s-Sp-pIbpw sNt-Xp-v.
4.
R \n\-p-thn am{Xw Pohn-p-p, AXn\v \ntm-Sp-am{Xw R

klmbw tXSp-Ibpw sNp-p.
BZw \_n apX Ay-\mhsc-bp, apPm-Zne: 22-epw, amCZ: 56-epw ]d

Amlp-hns kwL-amb hnizm-kn-I H-m-sW-nepw Iq-am-bm-sW-nepw \a-kvI-cnp-tm ]d-bp-I-bm-Wv: R Pohn-p-Xv \n\-p-th-n am{X-amWv, AYhm \ns
{]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmbnsmm-Wv. AXn\v GX-h--bn-epw R \ntmSv am{X-amWv
klmbw tXSp--X-.v- Fm a\p-jy-scbpw Pnp-I-sfbpw Am-lp-hns {]Xn-\n-[n-I-
74
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
fmbn Pohn-m-\mWv `qan-bn-tev \ntbm-Kn--sX-nepw hnizm-kn-I am{X-amWv B {]mXn\n[yw hln-p-I, Am--h-scmw ]nim-Nns {]Xn-\n-[n-Ifpw apPm-Zne: 19- ]d
]nim-Nns kwL-ns-h-cp-am-Wv. Rm Pnp-I-sfbpw a\p-jy-scbpw F\nv C_mZv sNm thn-b-msX krn-n-tbn- Fv Am-cn-bmv: 56-epw, ac-Whpw
Pohn-Xhpw Dm-n-bXv \n-fn Ghpw \mbn {]hn-p--Xm-cm-sWv Xncn-dnbm-\m-sWv apIv: 2epw Amlp ]d-np-v.
\_n(k) ]Tnnp: "Clvkm' Fm, \o Am-lp-hns\ ImWp--Xp-t]m-se,
Am-lp-hns\ \o ImWp-n-snepw Atm Amlp \ns ImWp-pv (F
t_m[-n) \ne-sIm-emWv. \S---fn-epw Ccp---fnepw InS---fnepw Fmbvtmgpw Fhn-sSbpw Am-lp-hns\ kvacn-p-sImv \ne-sIm-pI Fw. Amlp-hns\ Ip-sImv Ncn-p--hmWv aplvkn-\o- Fp-]-d-bp--Xv (A-lv:
128). Ftmgpw (Cu kqw ]mcm-bWw sNp-tm {]tXy-In-pw) lrZ-bw-sImv
Cs\ ]mn-Ww:
Amlp AmsX ImWmsXIv `b-s-Sm\pw klmbw tXSm\pw `c-tan-m\pw
thsd Cemlv C-X-s. Fs, \n\-p-thn am{Xw Pohn-p--h-\m--Ww. AXv
kXy-\n-tj-[n-Iv F{X Atcm-N-I-am-bn-cp-mepw icn. kzmZv: 8283 ]nimNv Amlp-hn-t\mSv BW-bnv ]d-p: Atm \ns {]Xm-]-amWv kXyw. \n\pthn am{Xw
Pohn-p \ns ASn-a-IsfsbmgnsI Ahsc apgp-h\pw hgn-]n-g-nv ey-t_m[w \s-Spn Rm ]mn-em-pw. Cmcyw lnPv: 3943epw, Ckvdm-Av: 6265epw, An-kmAv:
117120epw ]cm-ainn-p-v (kPZ: 13, lqZv: 118119 t\mp-I). \_n(-k) Ftmgpw
{]mn-n-cpp: Iv Ca-sh-p kabwt]mepw Fs Imcyw t\mm Fs
Gnt \mYm! As\ Am-lp-hns\ ]q\mbn Bcp-sSbpw B{ibw thmh, k-cmepw B{i-bn--s-Sp--h- AwKo-cnv Pohn-p--h\mWv Am-lphns\njvI-f--\mb ASn-a Ah- am{Xta Am-lp-hns {]mXn-\n[yw hln-ppq.
C_m-Zv Hp-In Am-lp-hn-\mWv As-n ]nim-Nn\pam-Wv. Fm-bvtmgpw
Am-lp-hns\ kvacn-p-sImv Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n Am-lp-hns\ Ip-sImv
\ne-sIm-p-I-bpw, Ah\-hs\ Xncn--dnv Am-lp-hns\ Pohn-n-p-I-bp-am-sW-n
AXv Am-lp-hn-\p C_m-Z-pw, Am-lp-hns\ adv (l-iv: 19) Ah ImWp-n-,
t\mp-n F t_m[-n Ahs\ `b-s-Sm-sXbpw [n-cn-p-sImpw ]nim-Nns\
Pohn-n-p-Xv ]nim-Nn-\p C_m-Z-p-am-Wv. Am-lp-hns\qSmsX Bsc hnfnp
{]mn-mepw Ah ]nim-Nn-s\-b-msX hnfn-p-n-sv An-km-Av: 117- ]d-np-v. Am-lp-hn-s\-b-msX Ahs krn-I-fmb alm-m--sf hnfnp {]mn-pXpw, Ah-cpsS im]w Gp-sav `b-s-SpXpw, Ah-sc {]oXn-s-Sp-m\pw, AhcpsS ip]mi- e`n-mthnbpw t\ hgn-]mSp-I \Sp--Xp-samw ]nim-Nn-\p
C_m-Z-m-bncn-pw (A-Bw: 81-82, A-Avdm^v: 194-195, bq\p-kv: 71, lqZv: 54-56, Jkkv:
62-64 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). apAvan: 60-, \n-fpsS dv CXm ]d-bp-p: \n Fs
hnfnv {]mn-p-hn, Rm \nv Dcw \Imw. \nbw F\n-p C_mZ-n\nv BcmtWm Al--cnv ]nn-cn-bp-Xv, Ahsc \mw \ny-cmbn \c-I-n
Xpw. ChnsS C_m-Zv sImp-t-in-p-Xv {]m\-bm-Wv. ^pJm: 17-18 kq-
A ^mXnl (1)
75
-fn, Hcp\mfn \mw Ah-sc-sbmw Hcp-an-p-Iq-p--Xm-Wv. Am-fn Ah Amlp-hns\qSmsX hnfnp {]mn-p- alm-m--tfmSv tNmZn-p--XmWv: \n-fmtWm
Fs Cu ASn-a-Isf hgn-]n-g-n--Xv, AtXm Ah kzbw hgn]ng-tXm? Atm almm- adp-]Sn ]d-bpw: \o ]cn-ip-, \nsqSmsX asmcp kwc--I-s\tbm klmbn-tbtbm Rv sXsc-s-Sp- tbmPn--X-. Fm \o Chpw Ch-cpsS
]nXm-pw Pohn-X-hn-`-h- \In. As\ Ah Jp-B\ns Bibw adpIhgn Hcp sI kap-Zm-b-am-bn-op Fv. ^Xvlv: 12-, I]-S-hn-izmknIsfpdnv
Ahscmcp sI P\-X- Xs-bmWv Fp-]-d-n-p-v. bq\p-kv: 18-, Ah Am-lphns\qSmsX Xv D]-{Z-htam D]-Im-ctam sNm Ign-hn-m--Xn\v C_m-Zv
sNbvXp-sIm-n-cn-p--h-cm-Ip-p. Ah hmZn-p-p, Cq- Am-lp-hn- Rpthn ip]-mi sNp--h-cm-Wv. {]hm-N-Im Ah-tcmSv tNmZnpI: \n Am-lphn\v
BIm-i--fntem `qanbntem D-Xmbn Ah Adn-bmImcy- Adn-bn-p-sIm-Sp-pI-bmtWm? \n P]n-p ]m-fn--n\npw Ah AXyp-X\pw AXoh
]cn-ip--\p-amIpp. 28-29-, hn[n-Zn-h-k-\m-fn Fm-h-scbpw Hcp-an-q-Iqn Am-lphns A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i--fn ]p-tN-h-tcmSv ]d-bpw: \nfpw \n-fpsS ]m-fnIfpw amdn-\np-I. As\ Ah-cpsS CS-bn-ep A]-cn-Nn-XXzw \on-If
- b
- pw. Atm
]m-fn-I (a-lm-m-) ]d-bpw: \n Rv C_m-Zv sNp--h-cm-bn-cp-n,
\npw RpanS-bn kmn-bmbn Amlp aXn. \n-fpsS Rp
C_m- Z - ns\pdnv (t\hgn- ] m- S p- I , {]m\m ip]mi- I ) R
t_m[anmh Xs-bm-bn-cp-p. \lv: 86-87 kqfn, Am-lp-hns A[nIm-cm-h-Im-i--fn ]p-tNp--h Ah-cpsS ]m-fn-Isf ImWp-tm Ah ]dbpw:
R-fpsS \mYm, R \nsqSmsX sFln-I-tem-I-p-shv hnfnp {]mn-ncp R-fpsS ]m-fn-I Cq-c
- m-Ip-p. Atm ]m-fnI Ahv adp-]Sn \Ipw:
\nbw \n \pW-]-d-bp--h Xs-bm-Wv. A-h Am-lp-hn\v ]q-ambn IogS-p--Xm-Wv, Ah-cpsS [mc-W-I-sfmw Ahcn\nv ]ng-p-t]m-bn-cn-p-p. (A-nkm-Av: 172, Ilv^v: 110, AAvdm^v: 206, ^pn-e-v: 37-38, An-bm-Av: 19, AlvJm-^v: 6
Iqn-hm-bn-p-I) An-bm-Av: 25-, Rm\-msX thsd Hcp Cem-lp-an-s Znhy-ktiw \In-bn--msX \n\papv Hcp ZqXs\bpw Ab-n-n-, Atm \n
F\npthn am{Xw C_m-Zv sNpI Fp-]-d-n-p-v. ChnsS Am-lp-hns\ am{Xw
Cem-lmbn AwKo-I-cn--emWv C_m-Z-v (\lv: 2,36 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
Cemlv:ImWmsX Iv Bsc hnfn-m-tam, BtcmSv klmbw tXSm-tam, Bsc
`b-s-Sm-tam, Bcn `c-ta]n-mtam, BtcmSv am{X-amtWm Pohn-X-s-p-dnv Dcw
t_m[n-n-t-Xv Ah-\mWv Cem-lv. Ah Amlp am{X-am-Wv. Am--hsc Bcv
hnfn-mepw, Bsc t_m[n-n-mthn Pohn-mepw AXv ]nim-Nn-\p C_m-Z-m-Wv
(_-Jd: 257 t\mpI). \lv: 51 Amlp ]d-bpp: \nbw Ah GI CemlmIpp. Atm \n Fs am{Xw Dn-s-bp-n `b-s-Sphn. _Jd: 133-, bAvJq-_n\v acWw Bk--amb k`-n Xs asf hnfnv tNmZnp: F\nv tijw
\n Bp-th-n-bmWv Pohn-p-I? Ah adp-]Sn ]d-p: "Xm-fp-sSbpw Xm-fpsS
]nXm--m-cmb C_vdmlnansbpw, Ckvam-Cuensbpw, Ckvlm-Jn-sbpw Cem-lmb
GI Cem-ln\p-th-n-bmWv R Pohn-p-I. R Ah\v kkzhpw Anp-h-cp-am-Ipp. 136-, hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv Amlp ]d-bm Iev]n-pp: R Am-
76
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
lp-hn-s\-smpw R-fn-tev Ah-X-cn-n--s-XpsImpw C_vdm-ln-an\pw CkvamCu-en\pw Ckvlm-Jn\pw bAv-Jq-_n\pw tKm{X-hK-mpw Ah-X-cn-n--s--XpsImpw, aqkmpw Cukmpw \I-s--XpsImpw X-fpsS dn-\nv Fm
\_n-ampw \Is-XpsImpw hniz-kn-ncn-p-p. Ahcn Hcm-nS-bnepw
R hyXymkw ImWn-phc-. R Am-lp-hn\v kkzhpw kan
hcpamIpp (_Jd: 285, Ben-Cw-dm: 19,8485 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Xzmlm: 98-, \nbw
Imcyw, \n-fpsS Cemlv Amlp am{X-am-Ip-p. Ah-\-msX asmcp Cem-lp-anXs.
Ah Fm hkvXp-sfpdnpw Adn-hp--h\-tm Fp]d-n-p-v. amCZ: 116-117,
Cukm \_nsb hnNm-cW sNbvXp-sImv Amlp tNmZn-p-p: Hm adn-b-ans ]p{X
Cukm, \o P\--tfmSv ]d-p-thm, Fsbpw Fs amXm-hn-s\bpw Am-lp-hns\
qSmsX cv Cem-lp-I-fmbn sXsc-s-Sp--W-sav? Cukm adp-]Sn ]d-bpw: \o ]cnip-. F\nv Al-X-bn-m-Xv Rm ]d-bp-Itbm! Rm AXv ]d-n-p-s-n
\obXv Adn-bp--h-\m-W-tm. Fs Bm-hns\pdnv \o Adn-bp-p, \ns Bmhns\pdnv Rm Adn-bp-n-. \nbw \o AZr-iy--sfmw Adn-bp k-
Xs-b-tm. \o FmtWm FtmSv ]d-bm Iev]n-Xv AX-m-sX Rm Ah-tcmSv
]d-n-n-. AXm-bXv \n Am-lp-hn\v am{Xw Pohn-p-hc
- mIWsav. Ahcnep
Ime-tmfw Rm AXn\v kmn-bp-am-Wv. \o Fs Xncn-p-hn-fn--tm \o Xs
Bbn-cp-tm Ah-cpsS tat\m--m-c, \o Fm-Im-cy-pw kmn-bp-a-tm.
\_n (k) ]Tn-np:{]m\ Xs-bmWv C_m-Z-v. Am-lp-hns\qSmsX
Ah hnfnp {]mn-p--h Hcp hkvXphpw krjvSn-n-n-, Ah Xs krjvSn-s-h
- c
- m-Wv. Ah acn-p-In-S
- p-h
- c
- m-Wv, Pohn-n-cn-p-h
- t]mepa-, FmWv ]p\Pohn-n--s-SpI Fp-t]mepw Ah-dn-bn- (\lv: 20-21). \lv: 22- Amlp ]dbpp: \nbw \n-fpsS Cemlv GI Cem-lm-Ip-p. Atm ]c-tem-I-n hnizkn- mhcpsS lrZ- b - - f n \njnw hf- c p- I bpw, Ah Al- - c nv ]nncnpt]mhpIbpw sN-pw. ^mXzn: 13-14, Am-lp-hns\qSmsX \n hnfnp
{]mn-p--h, Cu--\-p-cp-hns ]mSbpsS A{X-t]mepw A[n-Im-ctam DS-a-Xtbm Cm--h-cm-Wv. \n Ahsc hnfn-m hnfn-tIp-I-bn-, AYhm tIm
Xs Dcw Xcn-. hn[n-Zn-h-k-\m-fn Ah ]m-fnw \ntj-[n-p--Xp-am-Wv. Hcp
{XnIm-e-m-\n-b-msX CXp-t]msebp hnh-c- \n\v hnh-cnpXcnI-bn-. lv:
73- a\pjysc hnfnv Amlp ]d-bpp: \nbw \n Am-lp-hns\ qSmsX
hnfnp {]mn-p--hcptm, Ah Hcp Cusbt]mepw krjvSn-p-I-bn-Ah
Fm-hcpw Hcp-an-p-Iq-Sn-bmepw icn, am{X-a Cu Ah-cpsS Npn\nv Fs-nepw
Xn-sb-Sp-m AXv Xncn-s-Sp-m t]mepw Ahv Ign-hn-. klmbw tXSp--h-cpw,
tXS-s-Sp--hcpw _e-lo-\Xs. AI-_q-v: 41-, Am-lp-hns\ qSmsX cIamsc sXsc-s-Sp--h-cpsS D]a Fp-Im-ensbtmse-bm-Wv. AXv ]Wn-s-smcp
hoSp-mn. hoSp-I-fnshv Ghpw _e-lo-\-amb hoSv Fp-Im-en-bp-sS-Xm-WvAh
Adn-hp--h-cm-bn-cp-s-n. 42-, \nbw Ahs\qSmsX Ah hnfnv {]mnp GsXm-ns\pdnpw Ah Adn-bp-p-v, Ah AP--\mb k-{]-Xm-]n-bpw,
bpn\mb X{--\p-a-tm.
Jp-B\ns hn[n-hn-e-p-Iv hncp--ambn hn[n-Iev]n-p ]WvUnX ]ptcm-
A ^mXnl (1)
77
ln-Xamsc A\p-k-cn-p--h ]nim-Nn\v C_m-Zv sNp--h-cm-Wv. adn-b-ans ]p{X

Cukmsb C_m-Zv sNp--h-cpw ]nim-Nn\v C_m-Zv sNp--h-cm-sWv Xu_:
31 ]d-n-p-v. adn-bw: 44-, C_vdmlow \_n ]nXm-hns\ hnfnv ]d-bp-p: Fs
]nXm-th, Xm ]nim-Nns\ Pohn-n--cpXv, \nbw ]nimNv ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-Is\ \ntj[n--h-\m-Ip-p. 45-, Hm ]nXm-th, ]nim-Nns\ kwc--I\mbn sXsc-s-Sp-pIhgn
]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I-\n \np in Xmsf _m[n-p-sav Rm `b-s-Sp-p. ]c-temI-p-shv: Ct-Zn\w {`mamsc \n amdn\npI, ]nim-Nn\v C_m-Zv sNcp-sXv Rm \n-tfmSv DS-Sn hmn-bn-cp-n-t, Ah \n-fpsS hy-amb i{Xphm-sW-pw, \n F\n-p-thn am{Xw Pohn-ph-cm-hpI (Fs Pohn-n-p-I)
AXmWv t\sc-sNm-s-bp amK-sapw ]d-bp cwKw bmko: 59-61 ap-dn-bnv
\Inbn-p-v. Fm ]nim-Nn\v C_m-Zv sN-cp-sX Hcp DS-Sn hmn-bXmbn
Jp-B-\n Fhn-sSbpw ImWp-I-bn-. adnv AAvdm^v: 172-173 BZ-ans\ krjvSn-tm Xs Ay-\mhsc-bp apgp-h Bfp-I-sfbpw (B-m-hv) Hcp-an-p-Iqn "Rm\stbm \n-fpsS DSa' Fv tNmZn--tm, Ah Hmtcm-cpcpw ]d-p: "AsX
\mYm, R kmywhln-p-p' Fv. {]kvXpX DSSn Hmanv "kn-Zp CkvXnKv^m-dn' (s]m-dp--ens\ tXSp--Xn-\p Ghpw t{ijvT-amb {]m-\) AXv
{]mnpsmv "Amlv' Fp kvac-W-tbm-SpIqSn Ftmgpw Fhn-sSbpw Bcv\nesIm-p-p-thm, Ah Am-lp-hn-\p C_m-ZnemWv (Ben-Cw-dm: 191 t\mpI)
Am-lp-hns\ ad-p-sImp Ah--bn Bcv \ne-sIm-p-p-thm, Ah I]-S-hnizm-kn-Ifpw, sXm-Sn-I-fpw, ]nim-Nn\v ASn-a-s--h-cp-am-Wv. Ah-cpsS {]h\--sfmw
]nim-Nn-\p--Xp-am-Wv, Ah-cmWv {`mamcpw A{I-an-I-fpw (A-Avdm^v: 4041, bq\pkv: 17
Iqn-hm-bn-pI).
_Jd: 152-, \n Fs kvacn-p-sImv \ne-sIm-p-I, Atm Rm \nsfbpw kvacn-mw. \n F\nv \n-{]-I-Sn-n-p-Ibpw \n-tISv ImWn-m-XncnpIbpw sNpI. Bm-hns `-Whpw hkv{X-hp-amb (A-Avdm^v: 26) Jp-B\ns
Bibw Hp-sImv am{X-ta "Amlv' F kvacW \ne-\nm km[n-pIbpq.
"Amlv' F kvac-W-bp-m-Ip-tm AmlphmWv lrZ-b-n, AXn-m--tm
]nim-Np-am-Wv. kpa: 64-, Amlp \_n-tbmSv tNmZn-m ]d-bp-p: Hm Ahn-th-InItf, \n Am-lp-hns\qSmsX ap--hpthn Pohn--W-sa-mtWm FtmSv
Iev]n-p--Xv. A-Bw: 56, apAvan: 66 kq-fn, Amlp \_n-tbmSv ]d-bm
Iev]n-p-p: \nbw Am-lp-hns\qSmsX \n hnfnv {]mnphsc
C_mZv sNpXv FtmSv hntcm-[n-n-cn-p-p. Am-lp-hns A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-ifn ap--hsc ]p-tNm Ah-cpsS {]h-\--sfmw ]mgmbntmhp-Ibpw,Ah-scmw \jvS-s--hcmbno-cp-Ibpw sNp-sav A-Bw: 88--epw, kpa: 65epw ]dn-p-v. bq\p-kv: 104-106 kq-fn, Amlp \_n-tbmSv ]d-bm Iev]n-p-p:
Fs Zo\n \n kwi-bn-p-p-sh-n Am-lp-hns\qSmsX Bv thnbmtWm \n Pohn-p-Xv (C-_m-Zv sNp--Xv) Ahp-thn Rm Pohn-pn-. Fm Rm Pohn-p-Xv \nsf acn-n-p-h-\pth-n- am{Xam-Wv. Rm
hnizm-kn-I-fn s]-h-\m-bn-cn--W-sav Iev]n--s-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-p-p. Fs
apJw EPp-am-\-k-\mbnsmv Cu Zo\n Dd-np\n-W-sa-pw, Amlphns A[nIm-cm-h-Im-i--fn Bscbpw ]p-tN-p-hcnsScpsXpw Rm Iev]n--s-n-
78
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
cn-p-p. Am-lp-hns\qSmsX \n\v D]-Im-ctam D]-{Z-htam hcp-m Ign-bm

Hn-s\bpw \o hnfnv {]mn--cp-Xv, As\ sNbvXm \nbw \o A{I-an-I-fn
s]-h-\m-bn-o-cpw.
kqd: Im^n-dq-\n \_n-tbmSpw hnizm-kn-I-tfmSpw ]d-bm Iev]np-p: Hm JpB Inn-bnv aqSn-sh-p \ntj-[n-I-tf, \n Bp-thn Pohn-p-p-thm, Ah\p-thn Rm Pohn-p-n-. Rm Bp-thn Pohn-p-p-thm, Ah-\p-thn
\nfpw Pohn-p-n-. \n Bp-thn Pohn-p-pthm Ahp-thn `mhnbnepw Rm Pohn-p-Ib
- n-. Rm Bp-thn Pohn-p-p-thm, Ah\p-thn \nfpw
`mhn-bn Pohn-p-I-bn-. \nv \n-fpsS Pohn-X-hpw, F\nv Fs Pohn-X-hpw.
PohnXw apgp-h Am-lp-hn\v am{X-amnsmv Po-hn-m-\-msX Ah Iev]n--s-nn-, \a-kvImcw \ne-\nm-\pw, kImv sImSpm-\pw (th-n-b-msX Iev]n--s-nn-). AXmWv t\sc-sNm-s-bp Zo Fv _n\: 5epw, \n-b-ambpw ey-tmSp-Iq-Sn-bmWv {K-an-d-n-b-Xv, \o PohnXw apgph Ah-\mnsmv Pohn-p-I. Adnn-cn-pI: PohnXw (Zo) apgp-h Am-lp-hn-\p--Xm-Ip-p. Am-lp-hns\qSmsX
ap--hsc kwc-Icmbn sXsc-s-Sp--h ]d-bp-Xv: R Am-lp-hn-s\q-SmsX-bp--hv C_m-Zv sNp-XvAh Rsf Am-lp-hn-tev ASp-n-m
thn-b-msXb Fv kpa: 23 ]d-n-p-v. \nbw Amlp Ah `nn-np hnj-b-n Ahn-S-bn Xocp-am\w Iev]n-p--Xm-Wv. \nbw Amlp,
Ifhv ]d-bp- \ntj-[-n-\p-ta \ntj[w ssIsIm-p- Hcm-sfbpw Hcn-epw
kamKntev \bnp-I-bn-Xs. lv: 11-13 Amlp ]d-bp-p: P\--fn
Am-lp-hns\ Hcp hn-\nv C_m-Zv sNp--h-cp-v, Ahsmcp \ _m[nm AhcXn kmbqPywsImpw, Hcp \miw ]nSn-s]m apJwXncnv Am-lp-hn\nv
]nn-cn-bp-Ibpw sNp-Xm-Wv. Ah Clhpw ]chpw \s-Spn, AXv Xs-bmWv
hy-amb \jvSw. Ah Am-lp-hns\qSmsX, Ahv D]-Im-ctam D]-{Z-htam hcpm-h-sc-bmWv hnfnv {]mn-p--Xv. AXpXs-bmWv hnZq-c-amb hgn-tI-Sv. Ah
hnfnv {]mn-p-Xv D]-Imct-m D]-{Zhw hcp-p--h\mb ]n-imNns\-bm-Wv,
F{X tami-s t\Xm-hv, F{X tami-s A`bw\Ip--h.
Ckvdm-Av: 23-, \n Ah-\p-thn am{X-a-msX Pohn--cp-sXv Fs dv
hn[n-n-psv -]-d-bp-p. Xzmlm: 14-, aqkm \_n-tbmSv Xq ]-X- {]-tZ-ipshv
Amlp ]d-p: \nbw Rm Am-lp-hm-Ip-p, Rm\-msX thsd Cem-ln-, Atm
\o F\npthn am{Xw Pohn-p-I. Fs kvacW (Jp-B\ns Bi-bw) \ne-\np-Xn\pthn \a-kvImcw \ne-\npIbpw sNpI. An-bm-Av: 53-, C_vdmlow
\_n-bpsS P\X ]d-bpp: R-fpsS ]nXm-am Chsc ]qPn-p--Xmbn (tk-hn-p-Xm-bn) R Is-n-bn-p-v. 66-67, C_vdmlow \_n adp-]Sn \Ipp: Atm
Am-lp-hns\qSmsX \nsmcp D]-Im-c-tam, D]-{Z-htam sNm km[n-m--hsc-bmtWm \n ]qPn-p-Xv (tk-hn-p--Xv)? \npw Am-lp-hns\ IqSmsX
\n C_m-Zv sNp--hpw \mi-am-Wp--XvAtm \n Nnn-p-nt?
92- BZw apX Ay-\mhsc-bp {]hm-N-Iam-cp-sSbpw hnizm-kn-I-fp-sSbpw
kwLspdnv Amlp ]d-bpp: \nbw \n-fpsS kap-Zmbw H kap-Zm-b-am-Wv,
Rm\mWv \n-fpsS DSa. Atm \n F\npthn am{Xw Pohn-p--h-cm-hp-I.
A ^mXnl (1)
79
lv: 71- Amlp ]d-bpp: \ntj-[n-I Am-lp-hns\qSmsX bmsXmcp {]amWhpw Ah-X-cn-nn-n-m--h-sb-bmWv hnfnv {]mn-p--Xvt\-h-gn-]m-Sp-I \Sp-XvAn---Xv]qPn-p--Xv`b-s-Sp--Xv. Ah-cpsS ] AXns\pdnv
bmsXmcp Adn-hp-an-. Ccw A{I-an-Iv Hcp klm-bhpw Dm-bn-cn-p-I-bn-. adnbw: 49-, Ah-scbpw (kz-P-\-X-sb-bpw) Am-lp-hns\qSmsX Ah C_m-Zv sNp-h-sbbpw C-_vdmlow shSntm \mw At-l-n\v Ckvlm-Jn-s\bpw bAvJq_ns\bpw HuZm-cy-ambn {]Zm\w sNbvXp, F-m-h-scbpw \mw \_n-am-cp-amn Fp-]-d-bpp.
(A-n-bm-Av: 69-72 Iqn-hm-bnp-I).
apAvan\q: 117-, Am-lp-hn-t\m-sSmw asmcp Cem-lns\ hnfnv {]mn-p-hv AXn\v bmsXmcp sXfn-hp-an-. Atm Ahs hnNm-cW Xs dns ]ep-v. \nbw Ccw \ntj-[n-Isf Ah hnP-bn-np-I-bnXs. ^pJm:
62, ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-Is CjvS-Zm-kam Am-lp-hn-t\m-sSmw asmcp Cem-lns\ hnfnv
{]mn-p-I-bn-, A\ym-b-ambn Hcp Bmhns\ h[n-p-I-bn-, hy`n-N-cn-p-I-bp-an
Fp-]-d-n-cn-p-p. Jk-kv: 88-, \_n-tbmSpw hnizm-kn-I-tfmSpw Amlp ]d-bpp:
Atm \o Am-lp-thm-sSmw asmcp Cem-ln-s\bpw hnfnv {]mn--cp-Xv, Ah-\msX asmcp Cem-lp-an Xs, Ahs apJ-a-m Fm-h-kvXp-fpw \in-p--Xpam-Wv, Ah-mWv hn[nXon-\p A[n-Im-cw, Ah-\n-te-mWv \n aS--s-Sp-Xv.
^mXzn: 40- \_n-tbmSv tNmZn-m ]d-bpp: Am-lp-hns\qSmsX Ahs ]mfn-I-sfv [cnv \n hnfnv {]mn-p--hscpdnv \n a\-n-em-n-bn-ptm?
Ah `qan-bn FmWv krjvSn-n-p--sXv F\nv \n ImWnpXcn-I, AtXm
BIm-i-ns Imcy-n Ahv h ]p-aptm? As-n \mw Ahv hyamb Hcp{Kw \Ip-I-bpw, Ah AXns hy-amb sXfn-hn-epamWv Fp-aptm?
A; Cu A{I-an-I ]c-kv]cw (t\-Xm-fpw A\p-bm-bn-I-fpw Xn) h-\-b-msX
hmKvZw sNp-n-. epJvam: 30-, AsX; Am-lp, Ah am{X-amWv kXyw.
\nbw Ah Am-lp-hns\qSmsX hnfnv {]mn-p--sXmw anYy-bm-Ip-p.
Amlp am{X-am-Ipp AXyp--X-\pw hen-b-h-\pw Fp-]-d-bp-p. AAvdm^v: 194-
Amlp ]d-bpp: \nbw \n Am-lp-hns\qSmsX hnfnv {]mn-p--h
\nsftmep ASn-a-I am{X-am-Wv. Atm \n Ahsc hnfn-p-I, \n
kXy-hmam-cm-sW--n Ah \nv Dcw \Ip--sXmv ImW-s. \wev: 91,
\_n-tbmSpw hnizm-kn-I-tfmSpw {]Jym-]n-m ]d-bpp: \nbw Rm Iev]n--s-ncn-p-Xv Cu \mSns\ ]hn-{X-am-nb AXns DS-av thn am{Xw Pohn-m-\m-Wv.
FmhkvXp-fpw Ah-\p--Xm-Wv, Rm Ah\v kkzw kan--h-cns]S-W-sapw
Iev]n--s-n-cn-p-p.
AI-_q-v: 17-, C_vdmlow \_n Xs P\-X-tbmSv ]d-bpp: \nbw \n
Am-lp-hns\qSmsX C_m-Zv sNpXv hn{K-l--sf-bm-Wv. \n I-amWv
sIn--a-n-cn-p--Xv. \nbw Am-lp-hns\qSmsX \n Bsc hnfnv {]mnp-p-thm, ]qPn-p-p-thm, tkhn-p-p-thmA-h HpwXs \nv `Ww
\Ip--Xn\v A[n-Im-c-ap--h-c-. Atm \n Am-lp-hnt\mSv `-W-hn-`-h-
tXSp-h-cpw, Ah\pthn am{Xw Pohn-p-h-cpw, Ah\v \n-{]-I-Sn-n-p--h-cp-am-hpI.
Ah-\n-te-mWv \n Fm-hcpw Xncn--b--s-Sp--Xv. 56- Amlp ]d-bpp:
80
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
Fs hnizm-kn-I-fmb ASn-a-I-tf, \nbw Fs `qan hnime-am-Wv, Atm \n

F\npthn am{Xw Pohn-ph-cm-hpI. _Jd: 21- Amlp a\p-jy-sc hnfnv ]dbpp: Hm a\p-jytc, \n-sfbpw \n-fpsS ]qn-I-scbpw krjvSn, \n-fpsS DSapthn am{Xw Pohn-p Ahs {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fm-hp-Ibpw sNp-hnF-m \n
ap-Jo--fm-hpw. dAvZv: 36- \_n-tbmSv ]d-bm Iev]n-pp: \nbw Rm Amlp-hn\v thn am{Xw Pohn-m\pw, Ah-\n bmsXm-n-s\bpw ]p-tNm-Xn-cn-m\pw Iev]n--s-n-cn-p-p. Ah-\n-te-mWv Rm \nsf hnfn-p-Xv, Ah-\n-temWv Fm-h-cp-sSbpw aS--hpw. bqkp^v: 108, Amlp \_n-tbmSv ]d-bm Iev]npp: CXmWv Fs amKw, Rm \nsf hnfn-p-Xv Am-lp-hnte-m-Wv. Rm\pw
Fs ]n]-p--hcpw Hcp ImgvN-m-Sn-em-Wp--Xv (Jp-Bs\ _kzm-C-dmbn D]-tbm-Ks-Sp-p--h-cm-Wv Fw) Atm Amlp Ghpw ]cn-ip--\m-Ipp, Rm Ah\n ]p-tNp--h-cns]-h-\ Xs. (J-kzkv: 85-88 Iqn-hm-bn-pI).
\lv: 114- Amlp a\p-jysc hnfnv ]d-bpp: \n Amlp-hn\pthnam{X-w Pohn-p--hcmsWn, \n Ah \In-bn-p ]cn-ip-hpw A\p-h-Z-\o-bhp-amb `-W-hn-`-h- Ign-p-I, Ahs A\p-{K-l-v \n-{]-I-Sn-n-p-Ibpw
sNpI. _Jd: 172- hnizm-kn-Isf hnfnv Amlp ]d-bpp: Hm hnizm-kn-Itf, \n
Amlp-hn\pthn am{XamWv Pohn-p-sXn, \nv \mw \In-bn-p
`-W-hn-`- Xnp-I-bpw, \n F\nv \n{]I-Sn-n-p-Ibpw sNpI. AlvJm^v:
56 kq--fn, Am-lp-hns\qSmsX; hn[n-Zn-h-k-\mhsc Dcw \Im km[nm--hsc hnfnv {]mn-p-ht\m hgn]ng--h Bcpv? hnfn--s-Sp-h
hnfn-p--h-cpsS {]m-\sbsmv A{i--cm-Wv. a\p-jysc apgp-h Hcp-anpIqp
hn[n-Zn-hk\mfn Ah (hn-fn--s-Sp--h) Chv i{Xp--fpw, Ch-cpsS Ahp
C_m-Z-ns\ \ntj-[n-p--h-cp-am-bn-cn-pw. bmko: 74-75, Ah Am-lphns\
qSmsX Ahsc klm-bn-p-sav IcpXn ap Cem-lp-Isf sXsc-s-Sp-n-cn-p-p,
Fm Ahv Ahscs klm-bn-m km[y-a-. Fm-h-scbpw Hcp-an-p-Iqp \mfn Ah Chs-Xncmbn hcp ]m-f-m-cp-am-bn-cn-pw. Imcy-Im-cW _n\v AXo-Xa
- mbn Am-lp-hn-t\mSv am{Xta klmbw tXSm ]mSp-q. am-tcmSv klmbw
tXSn-bmepw AXv ]nim-Nn-\p C_m-Z-m-Wv. AAvdm^v: 128-, aqkm \_n Xs P\X-tbmSv \n Am-lp-hn-t\mSv klmbw tXSp-I-sb-pw, bqkp-^v: 18-, bAvJq_v
\_n Xs P\-Xt- bmSv `wKn-bmbn an-p-I, \n P]n-p hymP-sfsmsmw
Am-lp-hn-t\mSv Rm klmbw tXSpp Fpw, An-bm-Av: 112-, \_n ]d-p:
\nn-S-bn Fs \mY lJv (Jp-B) sImv hn[n-Iev]npw, \n P]np--Xn\nsmw ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I-\mb \mY-t\mSv Rm klmbw tXSpp Fp-w]d-n-p-v.
GXpImcyhpw hnizm-kn-I Am-lp-hn-t\m-SmWv tNmZn-p-I. Atm Am-lphmWv AXv ap--h hgn ]qn-bm-p--Xv. AXmWv \_n (k) {]mn-m ]Tnn--Xns Bi-bw.
Amlpth, \o \Ip-Xv XS-bp--h-cn-, \o XS-Xv \Ip--h-cp-an-, \o
hn[n-Xv XSp-p--h-cn-, \ns hn[n amn-adnp--h-cn-. Hcp {]am-Wn-bp-sSbpw Alm-chpw {]am-Wn-hpw \ns ASp hne-tm-hp-Ibpan.
A ^mXnl (1)
81
amCZ: 35-, hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv Amlp ]d-bp-p: \n Am-lp-hns\ kqnp-I, \n Ah-\n-tev kmao]yw (h-kzo-e) At\z-jn-p-Ibpw-, Ahs amK-n
XymK-]-cn-{i-a- sNp-Ibpw sNp-I\n- hnPbw {]m]n-p--hcmIp--Xn-\p-thn. Ckvdm-Av: 56-57, \n Am-lp-hns\qSmsX am-sc-sb-nepw hnfnp {]mnp-I, Ahv \nfpsS D]-{Z-h- \on-I-f-bm-t\m, amn--f-bmt\m A[n-Im-ctam
Ah-Im-itam C. Ah Xs X-fpsS \mY-\n-tev Ghpw ASp-p--Xn-\mbn
hkzoe (km-ao-]yw) At\z-jn-p--h-cpw, Ahs ImcpWyw B{K-ln-p--h-cpw, Ahs
in `b-s-Sp--h-cp-am-Wv. Atm Am-lp-hns\qSmsX GsXmcphs\ hnfnp
{]mn-mepw (CS-bm-fam-cmhs ip]mi-m-cmhs) Ah ]nim-Nns kmao-]yamWv tXSp--Xv. Am-lp-hns kmao]yw t\S, kI- sNbvXpsImpw
sXv sNm Ah-k-c-ap-m-bnv Am-lp-hns\ Ip-sImv AXn\nv ]nn-cnpsImpam-Wv. _\qCkvdm-Cum-cn-s] aqq-t] Impw agbpw h-tm
Hcp Kpl-bn A`bwtXSp-I-bpw, Kplm-apJw AS-bp-Ibpw sNbvX-tm Ah Hmtcm-cpcpw sNbvX I- FSp-p--cnv Am-lp-hns km-ao-]yw (hkzoe) tXSn. Atm Kpl-m IhmSw Xpd--sSpI-bpw, Amlp Ahsc c-s-Sp-p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
JpZv-kn-mb \_n hN-\-n CkvXn-Kmk (k-lmbw tXS) \S-p--Xns cq]w
]Tn-n-Xv C-s\-bm-Wv: kzbw Pohn-n-cn-p--h-\pw ap--hsc Po-hn-np--h-\p-am-bht\, \ns ImcpWywsImv \ntmSv klmbw tXSpp. Jp-B-\n, {]hm-N-IamcpsS PohnX-n hn-p kw`-h- a\-n D-cn-p-sImv Am-lp-hn-t\mSv
klmbwtXSp coXn-bmWv hkzo-e-v (A-n-bm-Av: 87, bq\p-kv: 103 t\mp-I)
JpZv-kn-mb lZo-kn \_n (k) ]Tn-n-p-I-bp-mbn: kkvXpXnbpw ktem-I--fp-sSbpw cn-Xm-hmb Amlphn-\mWv Fp-]-d-bp-tm Amlp ]d-bpXmWv: Fs ASna Fs kvXpXn-t hn[w kvXpXn-n-cn-p-p. ]c-a-Im-cp-WnI\pw
Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[nbpw Fv ASna ]d-bp-tm Amlp ]d-bpp: Fs ASna Fs
]pI-gvthn[w ]pI-gvn-bn-cn-p-p. hn[n-Zn-h-k-ns DSa Fv ASna ]d-bptm
Amlp ]d-bp--XmWv: Fs ASna Fs hnt--hn[w hn-n-cn-p-p. R
\n\-p-thn am{Xw Pohn-p-p, AXn\v R \ntmSv am{Xw klmbw tXSp-Ibpw
sNpp Fv ASna ]d-bp-tm Amlp ]d-bp--XmWv: AXv Fsbpw ASn-a-bpsSbpw CS-bnep Icm-dm-Wv, AXp-sImv ASna tNmZn-Xv DS-a-bmb Rm \IpI
Xs sNpw.
5.
Rsf \o Ghpw sNmmb amK-n amKZi\w sNt-Wta!
lnPv: 3943, a\p-jys apn kpPqZv sNm hnk--Xn ]nimNv Am-lp-hnt\mSv ]d-bpp: Fs \mYm, \o BcpsS Imcy-n-emtWm Fs ey-t_m[w \jvSs-Sp-n-b-h-\m-n-b-Xv, Ahp-thn `qan-bn Rm PohnXw BIj-I-am-pIbpw,
Ahsc apgp-h\pw ey-t_m[w \-s-Sp-n-b-h-cm-pIbpw sNpwAh-cn\npw
\n\-p-thn Pohn-p-, \ns \njvI-f--cmb ASn-a-IsfmgnsI. Amlp ]d-p:
icn, CXmWv Fs ASp-t-p t\sc-sNm-s-bp amKw. ey-t_m[w \-sSpn \ns ]n]-p--h-c-m Fs ASn-a-I-fp-sS-ta \n\v bmsXmcp kzm[o-\-hp
an-. Ah-tcmSv (e-y-t_m[w \s-Spnb-h-tcm-Sv) hmKvZw sNbvXn-p-Xv \c-I-
82
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
p-WvT-am-Ip-p. Ckvdm-Av: 65-, \nbw Fs ASn-a-I-fp-sSta \n\v (]nim-Nn\v)

bmsXmcp kzm[o-\-hp-an-, ssIIm-cy-Im-hmbn \ns (ap-l--Zv \_n) dv Xs
Ghpw aXn-bm-b-h-\m-Ip-p Fp-]-d-n-p-v. \n F\n-p-thn am{Xw Pohn-p-h-cm-hp-I, AXmWv t\sc-sNm-s-bp amKw Fv \msf ]c-tem-I-p-shv hnNm-cW-\m-fn Amlp ]d-bp Cu cwKw bmko: 61- ap-dn-bnv \In-bn-p-v.
Jp-B\ns samw Bi-b-amWv Am-lp-hns amKw. AXv \c-I-ns apIfn-ep ]mew ISv Am-lp-hn-tev Fm-\p Sn-m-Wv. _Jd: 38-, kzKn\nv Fm-h-scbpw `qan-bn-tev \ntbm-Kn-b-tm Amlp ]d-p: Fs
lpZm (kamKw) \nv hp-In-pw, AXv hp-In-n-bm BcmtWm AXv ]n]-p-Xv, AhcpsS-ta `b-s-Sm-t\m, Ahv Zp:Jnmt\m CS-h-cn-I-bn. 185-, kamKw
apgp-h hni-Zo-I-cn--Xp-w, kzK-n-te-p GI-h-gnbpw \c-I-n-te-p hnhn[ hgnIfpw Xncn--dn-bm-\p Dc--pamb ^pJm Ah-X-cn-n-np-Xv a\p-jyv samw
kamK-am-bn-mWv. AXv dafm-\n-em-bX
- psImv AXn\v \n-{]-IS- n-n-mthn \n
B amk-n t\m-\p-jvTn-pI Fp-]-d-n-p-v. Fm k-{]-[m\w Jp-B\v
sImSp-psImv B amk-ns t{ijvTX Imp-kq-n-pI hnizm-kn-I am{X-amWv. hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv am{Xta t\mpw \a-kvIm-chpw Iev]n-n-p-q. ^pn-e-v: 44-,
\nbw CXv hnizm-kn-Iv kamK-hpw, tcmK-ia
- \
- h
- p-am-sWv ]d-n-p-v. ABw:
126- , CXm- I pp (Jp- B ) \ns \mY- \ n- t e- p t\sc- s Nm- s - b p hgn.
lrZbwsImv Hman-p P\-X-p-thn \nbw \psS kq- hni-Zo-I-cnp
Ign-p Fp-]-d-n-p-v. _Jd: 142,213, bq\p-kv: 25 Fo kq-- Ah-km-\n-p-Xv, Am-lp, Ah Dt-in--hsc t\sc-sNm-s-bp amK-n-tev hgn-Im-Wn-pp
F Bi-b-n-em-Wv. Fm Amlp Ah-t\mSv tNmZn-p--hv am{XamWv
kamKw \Ip-I-. dAvZv: 27-28 Amlp \_n-tbmSv ]d-bm Iev]npp: \nbw
Ah Ah-\p-t-in--hsc kamK-n-em-p-p, AXm-bXv Ah-\n-tev Xncn--hsc
am{Xw. Jp-B\ns Bi-bwsImv Am-lp-hns amKn-emWv Ncn-p--sXv
X-fpsS lrZ-b-n Dd-p-h-cp-nb hnizm-kn-I-sfbmWXv. Ben-Cw-dm: 101-,
BcmtWm Am-lp-hns\ apdpsInSn--Xv, Atm Ah kamK-n-embn-gnp
Fpw, Am-lp-hns\ apdpsInSn-pI FXv Am-lp-hns ]miamb Jp-B-\ns\
apdpsInSn-emWv Fv 103-epw ]d-n-pv.
A-Bw: 39- Amlp ]d-bpp: BcmtWm \psS Bb-p-Isf If-hm-n-b-Xv,
Ah AImc-ns] _[n-c-cpw, Du-a-Ifp-am-Wv. Amlp Ah\pt-in-p--hsc
hgn-]n-g-n-p-I-bpw, Ah\pt-in-p--hsc Ghpw t\cmb amK-n-te-m-p-Ibpw
sNpp (A-Bw: 87,161 Iqn-hm-bn-pI). \lv: 76, cm-fpIfpsS D]a Amlp
FSp-p--cn-p-p. Ah-cn Hcm Dua-bpw, Hn\pw Ign-bm-, Fhn-tSv Xncn-mepw
Hcp \bpw sImp-h-cm-h\pw, bP-am-\\v Hcp `mc-hp-am-Wv. Atm Ah\pw \oXn
(Jp-B) sImv Iev]n-p Ghpw sNmmb amK-n \ne-sIm-p Hcp-h\pw
ka-am-Iptam? 120121, C_vdmlow Am-lp-hns A\p-{K-l-v \n-{]-I-Sn-n-p-h-\m-bn-cp-p. Atm Am-lp-hns ZuXy-n\pthn At-ls sXsc-s-Spp-Ibpw, Ghpw sNmmb amK-n amK-Zi\w sNpIbpw sNbvXp Fpw ]dn-p-v. \nbw Fs \mY Ghpw sNmmb amK-n-em-Wp-sXv lqZv \_n
A ^mXnl (1)
83
]d--Xmbn lqZv: 56 ]d-n-p-v. C_vdm-low: 1, a\pjysc A-Im-c--fn\nv

{]Im-i-n-tev AYhm AP-\pw kzbw kvXpXyl-\p-am-b-hs amK-n-tev XfpsS dns A\p-a-Xn-tbmSpIqSn ]pd-s-Sp-hnnp-Xn\v thn-bmWv apl-Zv \_nv
Jp-B Ah-X-cn-nn-p--sXv ]d-np-v. ChnsS X-fpsS dns A\p-a-XntbmSv IqSn Fp-]-d-Xns hnh-, Hmtcm-cp-cpw Ah-c-h-cpsS dnt\mSv kamKn-\mbn lrZ-bw-sImv {]mn--W-sa-m-Wv. AYhm Jp-B-\ns Bibw hmbnp-Xpw, ]d-bpXpw, tIp-Xp-samw "Fs \mYm, F\nv Adnhv hn-nv
Xtc-Wta' F Xzmlm: 114-s Iev]\ ]men-p-sIm-m-bn-cn--Ww. Xzmlm: 135
apl-Zv \_n-tbmSv ]d-bm Iev]npp: Fm-hcpw Imn-cn-p--h-cm-Wv, Atm
\nfpw Imn-cn-p-I. BcmWv Ghpw sNmmb amK-n-se-pw, amK-Zi\w
sN-s--h-scpw ASp-p-Xs Adn-bp--Xm-Wv. lv: 24 \n Ghpw ]cn-ip-amb hN-\-fn-tev apt-dp-I, AXp-hgn kvXpXyl\mbhs amKntev aptdpI Fp-]-d-n-p-v. AYhm Jp-BsImv Am-l-phns amK-n-te-v aptdpI Fw. kqw 54 Ah-km-\n-p--Xv, \nbw Amlp hnizm-kn-Ifmb-hsc
Ghpw sNmmb amK-n-tev amK-Zi\w sNpIXs sNpw F Bi-b-tmSp-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. bmko: 34, \nbw \o {]hm-N-Iam-cn s]-h Xs-bm-sWpw,
Ghpw sNmmb amKnemWv \o \ne-sIm-p--sXpw ]d-npv. Aqd: 52
Ah-km-\n-pXv, \nbw \o Ghpw sNmmb amK-n-tev Xs-bmWv amKZi\w sNp-Xv F Bi-btmSpIq-Sn-bm-Wv. apAvan\q: 73 Ah-km-\n-p--Xv,
\nbw \o Ahsc Wn-p-Xv Ghpw t\cmb amK-n-te-v XsbmsW
Bi-b-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv.
apl-Zv \_n (k) Jp-B\ns Pohn-Xa
- mWv \bn-p-X
- v. kpKvdp-^v: 43- Amlp
]d-bp-p: \n\v Znhy-k-t-i-ambn \I-s--sX-tm AXv (Jp-B) apdpsInSnpI, \nbw \o Ghpw sNmmb amK-n-em-Ip-p Fpw, Cukm \_n Ah-km\
\mfns AS-bm-f-am-Wv, Atm AXns Imcy-n \o kwi-bn--cp-Xv, \n Fs
]n]-p-I, AXmWv t\cmb amKsav 61-epw ]d-n-p-v. apIv: 22-, Atm
Xs apJw Ipn-\-S-p--h-\mtWm AX, t\tc-sNms Xe-bp-bn \S-p--h\mtWm Ghpw sNmmb amK-n-sev tNmZn-p-p. ^pJm: 34-, Jp-B
Innbnv `qan-bn Xe-bp-bn \S-m--h \msf X-fpsS apJwIpn \c-I-ntev hen-ngsSp-sa-pw, \nbw Ah-cmWv Ghpw hgn-]n-g--h Fpw ]d-bp-p.
AAvdm^v: 16-, Atm \o BcpsS Imcy-n-emtWm Fs ey-t_m[w \-s-Spn-b-Xv, Ahp-thn \ns sNmmb amK-n Rm ]Xn-bn-cn-pIXs sNpsav ]nimNv ]d--Xmbn Amlp ap-dn-bnv \Ippv. An-km-Av: 174-175,
samw a\p-jysc hnfnv Amlp ]d-bp-p: Hm a\p-jytc, \nv \n-fpsS dn\np sXfnhpw hy-amb {]Im-i-hp-amb Jp-B hp-I-gn-p, BcmtWm
Am-lp-hns\smv hniz-kn-p-I-bpw, Jp-Bs\ apdp-sI-]n-Sn-p-Ibpw sNbvX-Xv,
Atm Ahsc Ahs Imcp-Wy-nepw HuZm-cy-nepw {]th-in-n-p-sapw, Ahsc
Ah-\n-tev Fn-s-Sm-\p sNmmb amK-n-tev amK-Zi\w sNp-sapw ]dn-p-v. ChnsS ]d HuZm-cyhpw Imcp-Wyhpw Jp-B Xs-bm-sWv bq\p-kv:
58 ]d-n-p-v. AXv Hmtcm-cp-pw \In-bn-p-v. Ah-km-\- \m-fn kzndmp apkvX-Jo-amb Jp-B AW--p-]-tbm-Knv ISn-p-]n-Snv \ne-sIm--W-sav
84
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
"l-p hnZm-C' Xs \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. {]m-\-p-cw Inp--Xn\v,

JpB ka]n-p Am-lp-hn hniz-kn-p-Ibpw Jp-B-\ns hn[n-hn-e-p-I
]n]-p-Ibpw thW-sa cp]m-[n-I _Jd: 186- hni-Zo-I-cn-n-p-v. (dAvZv: 18,
C_vdm-low: 22 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
Ckvdm-Av: 9, \nbw Cu Jp-B Ghpw sNm-m-b amK-n-tev amKZi\w sNp-sapw, kpKvdp-^v: 43-, Atm \nn-tev Znhy-k-t-i-ambn e`n-Xv
\o apdp-sI-n-Sn-p-I, \n-bw, \o t\sc-sNm-s-bp amK-n Xs-bm-Ip-p Fpw
]-d-n-p-v. Pnp-I-fn\np Hcp hn`mKw BZy-ambn Jp-B tItijw AhcpsS P\-X-bn-tev sNv ]d-bpp: Hm R-fpsS P\-ta, R aqkmv tijw Cd-s-smcp {Kw tIpIXs sNbvXp. AXv AXn\v app {K-s-sbmw
kXy-s-Sp-p--Xm-Wv. AXv bYm ey-n-tepw (A-m-lp-hn-te-pw) sNmmb
amK-n-tepw amK-Zi\w sNp--Xm-Wv Fv AlvJm-^v: 30- ]-d-bp-p. ^Xvlv:
12 apl-Zv \_n-tbmSv Amlp ]d-bpp: \n\v Rm hy-amb hnPbw \Ip-Ibpw, \ns Ign-p-t]m-b-Xpw hcmt]mIp--Xp-amb FmIp-fpw s]mdppXcn-Ibpw,
Ghpw sNmmb amK-n-tev \ns amK-Zi\w sNp-Ibpw sNp-XmWv. Cu
Jp-B k-tem-I-scbpw DWm-\psmcp A\p-kva-c-W-a-msX asm-p-a-\nfn BcmtWm t\sc-sNm-sbp amK-n \ne-sIm-m Dt-in-p-Xv Ahv.
Fm k-tem-I--fp-sSbpw DS-a-bmb \mY Dt-in-msX \n Dt-in-nv
Imcyan Fv XIvho: 27-29 -]-d-bp-p. kmKw (JpB\ns Bi-bw) Hmtcm-cpcpw Am-lp-hn-t\mSv tNmZn-p-hm--Wsaw. Aw-kv: 910, Fm Hmtcm a\pjypw AXns sXm-Sn-hpw XJvhbpw \In-bn-pv. Atm Ah-c-hsc Xncn-dn--h hnP-bn-p, Xncn--dn-bm--h ]cm-P-b-s-p Fp-]-d-n-p-v. a\p-jy\v
cm-semcp hgnH-p-In \n-bp-h, As-n \n-sI-h
- sXsc-spSpm\p
kzmX{yw \In Fv Ckm: 3epw ]d-n-p-v.
apl-Zv \_n Xs hfp-]nXm-hmb ]nXrhy A_q-Xzm-en-_ns ac-W-k-abv AhnsS lmP-cm-hp-Ibpw ilm-Zv sNmn-sIm-Sp-p-Ibpw sNbvXtmgmWv Jkzkv: 56-mw kqw Ah-X-cn-p--Xv. \nbw \o, \o CsSp--hsc kamK-n-emp-n-, Amlp Ah Dt-in-p--hsc kamK-n-em-p-p. BcmWv kamKn-ep-hscv Ghpw Adn-bp--h- Ah Xsbm-Ip-p. _Jd: 272-, Zm\-[ apkven-m--hv \Imtam F kwib-n\v adp-]-Sn-bmbn Amlp
]d-bpp: Ah-cpsS kamKw \ns In Xn-n, Fm Amlp Ah Dt-inp--hsc kamK-n-em-p-p.
Npcp--n, Jp-B-\mWv sNmmb amKw (kzndm-Xp apkvX-Jow). kpa: 33, BmtWm kXyw (Jp-B) hp-In-p-Ibpw, AXns\ kXy-s-Sp-p-Ibpw
sNbvXXv, Atm Aq-- Xs-bmWv ap-Jo- Fpw, ap-k-n: 19, Ckm:
29 kq-fn \nbw Cu Jp-B X-fpsS \mY-\n-tev FnsSm\pt-in-p-hsmcp Sn-mWv Fpw -]-d-bp-p. AlmJ: 48-, \nbw AXns\ (Jp-B\n-s\) Sn-mbn D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-pI ap-Jo- am{X-am-sWpw ]d-n-p-v. ASna
DS-a-tbmSv ^mn-l-bn-eqsS kzndm-Xp apkvX-Jo-antev Rsf \o \bn-t-Wta
A ^mXnl (1)
85
Fv tNmZn--Xn\v adp-]-Sn-bm-bn-mWv _Jd apX Amkv hsc-bp samw JpB \In-bn-p--Xv. H {K-amb A InXm_ns Ah-km\ cq]-amb B {Kw
(Cv Jp-B-) AXns Imcy-n kwi-b-an-, AXv ap-Jo-v kamK-am-Wv
Fv _Jd: 2 ]d-b-pp. \a-kvIm-c-n "Rsf \o kzndm-Xp apkvX-Jo-antev
\bn-t-Wta' Fv ^mn-l-bn {]mn--tijw, Jp-B-\mIp kmKw D]tbm-K-s-SpmsX hopw ASp \a-kvIm-c-n\v sNv "Rsf \o sNmmb amKn-tev amK-Zi\w sNtWta' Fv {]mn-p-Xv, Am-lp-hns\ sIm\w
ImWn-em-Wv. Ahs \a-kvImcw kzoI-cn--s-Sp-I-bn-sv (amDu: 4) am{X-a-,
]n, ]n, Ipc-v XpS-n-b-h-bpsS cq]-n Ah \cIn B]Xn-p-Ibpw sNpw
(_Jd: 66, amCZ: 60, AAvdm^v: 176,179 t\mp-I).
6.
\ns A\p-{K-ln\v Al-cmb-h-cpsS amK-n.
\_n-am, kzno-Jo-, ipl-Zm-, kzmen-lo- apX-em-b-h-cpsS amK-amWXv

(A-n-km-Av: 6869). BZw apX Ay\mhsc-bp Am-lp-hns GIkwLn
s]-h-cmWh (ap-Pm-Zne: 22). Fm \_n-amcpw apAvan\pw apJven-kp(Am-lp-hn-\p-thn
am{Xw Pohn-p \n-jvI-f-)-am-Wv. Jp-B kan-p Am-lp-hn-s\-smpw
ZqXam-sc-smpw hniz-kn hn`mKw Xs-bmWv kzno-Jo-fpw ipl-Zm-fpw Fv
lZoZv: 19 ]d-n-p-v. R-fpsS \mYm, \o Cd-n-b-Xn R hniz-kn-p, dkqens\ ]n]-p-Ibpw sNbvXp, kmn-I-tfm-sSmw R-sfbpw tNt-Wta Fv lhmcn-o- ]d--Xmbn Ben-Cw-dm: 53- ]d-n-p-v. X-dn-bmhp kXywJpB-\ns Bi-bwtIptm thZ-n-s Bfp-I ]dbp-XmWv: R-fpsS \mYm,
R hniz-kn-p, Atm kmn-I-tfm-sSmw R-sfbpw tcJ-s-Sp-n-bm-epsav
amCZ: 83--epw, Am-lp-hn\np kXyw Rv hs-n-b-tm hnizkn-mXn-cn-m Rv FpXS-w?R-fpsS \mY k-\
- f
- mb P\-Xb
- n Rsf
{]th-in-n--W-sav B{K-ln-p--h-cm-bn-cn-s Fv amCZ: 84epw ]d-n-pv.
Am-lphpw Ahs ZqX\pw hnizm-kn-Ifpw Ds Am-lp-hns kwL-n\mWv Ana hnP-b-sav amCZ: 56--epw, Am-lp-hn\pw Ahs ZqX\pw hnizm-knIpamWv {]Xm-]-sa-pw, Fm I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Iv AXv Adn-bpIbnsv ap\m^n-Jq: 8epw ]d-n-p-v. Fm \_n-amcpw apAvan\m-Wv. Fm Fm apAvan\ofpw \_n-am-c-. bq\p-kv: 104-, apl-Zv \_n-tbmSv ]d-bm Iev]n-p-p, Rm
hnizm-kn-I-fn s]-h-\m-bn-cn-m FtmSv Iev]n--s-n-cn-pp Fv. AAvdm^v:
143-, aqkm \_n, Rm hnizm-kn-I-fn Hm-a-\m-sWv {]Jym-]n-p-p. kzm^m-v:
81-, \qlv \_nsbp-dnv Atlw \psS hnizm-kn-I-fmb ASn-a-I-fn s]-h-\m-bncpp Fpw, 111-, C_vdmlow \_nsb-p-dnv \psS hnizm-kn-I-fmb ASn-a-I-fn
s]-h\
- m-bn-cp-p Fpw, 122-, aqkm lmdq Fnh-sc-p-dnv Ah cpt]cpw \psS
hnizm-kn-I-fmb ASn-a-I-fn s]-hcm-bn-cp-p F-pw, 132-, Cbmkv \_nsbp-dnv
At-lw \psS hnizm-kn-If
- mb ASn-aI
- f
- n s]-h\
- m-bn-cpp Fpw ]dbpp. bqkp^v:
24-, bqkp^v \_n \psS {]tXy-I-m-cmb (\njvI-f\mb) ASn-a-I-fn s]-h-\mbn-cpp Fpw, adn-bw: 51-, aqkm Am-lp-hns {]tXy-I-m-c\mb ASn-a-bpw dkqepw
\_n-bp-am--sWpw ]d-n-p-v. bq\p-kv: 103-, ]ns \mw \psS ZqXam-scbpw
86
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
hnizm-kn-Is
- fbpw c-sSpn. A{]-Imcw hnizm-kn-Isf c-s-Sp-pI FXv \psS
_m[y-X-bm-sWv ]d-n-cn-pp. hnizm-kn-I-sf klm-bn- \psS _m[y-X- Xsbm-bn-cn-pp Fv Adqw: 47-epw ]d-n-p-v. Am-lp-hns {]tXy-I-m-cmb ASna-Isf ]nim-Nn\v kzm[o-\n-m Ign-bn-sv kzmZv: 82-83epw, lnPv: 40epw ]d-npv (\lv: 99 Iqn-hmbn-p-I)
Cu \_n-am-cpsS amKw Xs-bmWv Amlp A\p-{K-ln amKw. AXpXsbmWv hnizm-kn-I-fpsS amK-hpw. apl-Zv \_n-bpsS PohnXw \bnv P\-v \_nsb
kmy-s-Sp--W-sav _Jd: 143epw, lv: 78-epw Iev]nnp-v. Cu \_n-am-scms
s-bmWv kno-Jo-, Ahsc kmy-s]-Spn Pohn-phcmWv ipl-Zmfpw
kzmen-lo--fpw. adn-bw: 56-, CZvcokv \_n kXy-k--\mb \_n-bm-sW-pw, 54-,
Ckvam-Cu hmKvZw kXy-s-Sp-p \_nbpw dkq-ep-am-sWpw ]d-n-p-v.
\n Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-b-n kqn-p-I-bpw, kXy-k-am-tcm-sSmambn-ocp-Ibpw sNpI Fv Xu_: 119- hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv Amlp ]d-bp-p. lpP-dm-v: 15, \nbw Am-lp-hnepw dkqenepw hniz-kn-p-I-bpw, bmsXmcp kwi-b-an-m-Xn-cnp-Ibpw, Am-lp-hns amK-n XymK-]-cn-{i-a- sNp-Ibpw (Cv Jp-B
]Tn-p-I-bpw ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNp-I--^pJm: 52) sNp--h Xs-bmWv kXy-kam Fp-]-d-n-p-v. Cu {]hm-N-Iam Xs-bmWv kPvP\-. _Jd: 130,
\lv: 122, AI-_qv: 27 kq--fn, C_vdmlow ]c-tem-I-nepw kPvP\-fn
s-h Xs-bm-sWv ]d-n-pv. -ApA-dm-Av: 83-, C_vdmlow- \_n, Fs
\mYm, Fs \o kPvP\-fn tNtWta Fv {]mn-Xmbn ]dn-pv.
kzm^m-v: 100, Fs \mYm, F\nv k\-sf {]Zm\w sNtWta Fv
C_vdmlow \_n {]mn-p-I-bpw, 112-, CXn\v adp-]-Sn-bmbn kzmen-lmb CkvlmJv
\_nsb {]Zm\wsNbvXp Fpw ]d-n-p-v. A-Bw: 85-, kI-cn-bpw, blvbpw,
Cbm-kpw, Cukmbpw Fm-hcpw kPvP\-fn s]-h-cm-bn-cpp Fp-]-d-n-p-v.
bqkp-^v: 101-, bqkp^v \_n {]mn-p: Fs \o kzmen-lo--fn (k--\--fn)
tNt-W-ta. \wev: 19-, kpsse-am \_n {]mn-p: Am-lpth Fs \o \ns
al-mb ImcpWywsImv kPvP\-fn Ds]-Sp-tWta. AI-_q-v: 9,
BcmtWm hniz-kn-p-Ibpw kI- sNp-Ibpw sNp--Xv, Ahsc \mw k\--fn {]th-in-n-p-sapw, Jew: 50-, bq\pkv \_nsb Amlp sXsc-s-Sp-pI-bpw, kPvP\-fn s]Sp-p-Ibpw sNbvXp Fpw, An-bm-Av: 72-, Fm \_n-amscbpw \mw k-\--fmn Fpw, 75-, eqv \_nsbp-dnv, \nbw Atlw
k-\--fn s]-h-\m-bn-cp-s-pw, 85-86 Ckvam-Cu-epw, CZvcokpw, ZpIn^venbpw
Fmw k-\
- f
- n s]-hc
- m-bncppshpw ]d-bp-p. 105-, \nbw `qan A\cmhIm-i-sa-Sp-pI Fs k-\--fmb ASn-a-I-fm-bn-cnpsapw, Jkz-kv: 27-, aqkm
\_n-tbmSv `mcym]nXmhv: Amlp Dt-in-m Fs k-\--fn s]-h-\mbn Xm
Is-p-XmsWpw ]d-n-p-v.
hnizm-kn-Ip-thn hnizm-kn-I-fmb ae-p-I s]mdp--en-s\ tXSp-Ibpw hnizmkn-I-tfmSv hmKvZw sNbvX kzK-n Ahscbpw Ah-tcm-sSmw Ah-cpsS k-\-fmb (kzm-en-lo--fm-b) a-sfbpw, CW-I-sf-bpw, ]nXm--amscbpw {]th-in-n-tWta Fv {]mn-pIbpw sNp cwKw apAvan: 78 -]-dnp-v. dAvZv: 20-23,
A ^mXnl (1)
87
Am-lp-hp-ambn sNbvX DS--Sn-I ]men-p-I-bpw, {]Xn--I apdnp If-bm-Xn-cn-pI-bpw, Amlp tNm Iev]n _- tNp-I-bpw, Xs \mYs\ am{Xw `bs-Sp-I-bpw, Zpjn hnNm-cWsb `b-s-Sp-I-bpw, XfpsS \mYs\ ktm-j-tm-SpIqSn Ip-ap-W
- s
- av {]Xo-np-sImv a ssIsIm-p-Ib
- pw, \a-kvImcw \ne-\npI-bpw, \mw \Inb A\p-{K-l--fn\nv cl-ky-ambpw ]c-ky-ambpw sNe-h-gn-p-Ibpw, Xnsb Ghpw \XpsImv (Jp-BsImv) XS-bp-Ibpw sNbvX-hv \ aSp-ap-v\nXym-\p-{K-l--fp kzK-q-tm-p-IAh-cpsS ]nXm--fn \npw, CWI- f n\npw, a- f n\np- a p k- \ - Ah- t cm- s Smw AXn {]th- i nnsSp-Xm-sWpw ]d-n-p-v. kzK-nshv anAvdmPv cm{Xn-bn Am-lphns\ A`n-kw-t_m-[\w sNbvX apl-Zv \_ntbmSv: Hm \_n-bm-bn-p--h-t\, \nsta Am-lp-hns cbpw Imcp-Wyhpw A\p-{K-lhpw Dm-bn-cn-s Fv Amlp
adp-]Sn ]d--tm, \_n-am-cmb R-fpsS Fm-h-cp-sStaen-epw, k-\--fmb \ns
Fm Zmkam-cp-sStaenepw \ns c-th-Wsav \_n (k) Bh-iy-sp. AAvdm^v:
196-, \nbw Cu {Kw (Jp--B) Cd-nb Am-lp-hmWv Fs kwc-I-s\-pw,
Ah k-\-sf am{Xw sXsc-s-Sp-p--h-\m-sWpw, BenCw-dm: 39-, blvbm
\_nsbp-dnv Atlw t\Xmhpw B\nb{-W-ap--h-\pw, k-\--fns \_nbpam-sWpw ]d-n-p-v. 46-, Cukm \_nsbp-dnv Atlw k-\--fn s]h-\m-bn-cp-s-pw, 113-114, thZ-m-cn Nne, thZw Xnem-hv sNp-I-bpw \sImv
Iev]n-p-Ibpw, Xnsb XS-bp-Ibpw, \-bn-tev Df-cp-Ibpw sNp k-\--fn
s]-h-cm-bn-cnpp Fp-]-d-n-p-v.
ap\m-^n-Jq: 10-, hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv Amlp ]d-bp-p: \nv \Inb A\p{K-l- acWw Bk--am-Ip--Xn\papv sNe-h-gn-p-I, acWw Bk--am-Iptm
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Isftmse Fs \mYm, F\nv Bbpv A]w \on--m R
Jp-Bs\ kXy-s-Sp-p-I-bpw, k-\--fn tNcp-Ibpw sNpsav -]-d-bm CS-hcmXn-cn-mth-n. _Jd: 11-12 ap\m-^nJpI-tfmSv \n `qan-bn \mi-ap-m--cp
sXv hnizm-kn-I ]d-bp-tm, \nbw R \-I {]hn-p k-\ Xs-bm-sWv Ah ]d-bpw. A; Adn-n-cn-p-I, \nbw Ah Xs-bmWv
\mi-Im-cn-I, ]t AX-h Xncn--dn-bp-n-. hnizm-kn-I Fm kpPq-Znepw {]tXyInv Ah-km-\s kpPq-Zn Cs\ {]mn-t--Xm-Wv: Am-lp-th, \ns almb ImcpWywsImv \o Rsf k-\--fmb ASn-a-I-fn {]th-in-n-tWta. 7.
tIm]n--s--h-cp-sSbpw hgn-sXn hyXn-N-en--h-cp-sSbpw amK-n-e-.
AXm-bXv ASn-Sn Am-lp-hns Zrm hp-In-n-bnpw kzw C-Isf

]n]n A{I-a]
- c
- a
- mb {]h-\
- f
- n apgpIn Am-lp-hns tIm]-n\pw im]-n\pw
hnt[-b-cmb, Amlp sImp-I-f PqXam-cp-sSbpw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fp-sSbpw amKn-e. Cuukm \_n-bpsS A[ym-]\v hnc-p-ambn Cukm \_nsb ]nXm-hv,
]p{X, ]cnipm-mhv Fo aqhcnsem-mbn Nn{Xo-I-cnv hgn-]n-g-p-t]mb ss{IkvXh-cpsSbpw, a\p-jy-n-im-Np--fmb I]-Samsc ]WvUn-Xam-cmbn AwKo-I-cnv, ]n]-n
hgn-]n-gpt]mbhcp-sSbpw amK-n-epa-. Cv Amlp tIm]n-, i]n-, h[n-p-If, hnizm-kn-I-fpsS kwL-tmSv h[n-m ]d I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS amK-n-
88
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
e Fpw, Ahsc ]WvUn-Xam-cmbn IcpXn ]n]-p hgn-]n-g _pn-bp-]-tbm-Knm Ip-Im-enI-tf-m ]ng- km[m-cW apkven-fp-sSbpw am-K
- ne FpamWv
Cu Bbv {]mn-p-tm hnizm-kn-I-fpsS a\-n-epmth--Xv.
Xu_: 67-, I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifmb ]pcp-jamcpw kv{XoIfpw HtchKnsh-cm-Wv. Ah Xn Iev]n-p-I-bpw, \ hntcm-[n-p-Ibpw sNp--h-cpw, X-fpsS
ssII Npcpp-h-cpamWv. Ah Am-lp-hns\bpw Atm Am-lp- Ah-scbpw adn-cn-p-p. \nbw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I Xs-bmWv sX-m-Sn-I Fpw, 68, Ccw
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fmb ]pcp-jampw kv{XoIpw, \ntj-[-n-\p-ta \ntj[w
ssIsIm-p Ip^v^mdp-Ipw Amlp \c-Io hmKvZm\w sNbvXn-cn-p-p,
AhcXn imiz-X-cm-bn-cnpw, Ahv AXp-a-Xn, Amlp Ahsc i]n-n-cn-p-p,
Ahv mbn-bmb in-bp-ap-v Fpw ]d-n-p-v. tIm]n--s hn`m-K-amb I]S-hn-izm-kn-Isf ]n]-p hgn-]n-g--h-cmWv Cu kq-n ]d Ip^v^mdp-I.
Xu_: 73, Xlvcow: 9 kq--fn ]d Ip^v^mdp-Ifpw Ch Xs-bm-Wv. `qan
AXns kpe-\-n \ne-\nm-\p Aam-\-mb Jp-B Ah-X-cn-n-n-pXv,
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fmb ]pcp-jam-scbpw kv{XoI-sf-bpw, Am-lp-hns A[n-Im-c-mh-Im-i-fn ]p-tNp ]pcp-jam-scbpw kv{XoI-sfbpw inn-m thnbpw, hnizmkn-I-fmb ]pcp-jam-cp-sSbpw kv{XoI-fp-sSbpw ]m-m]w kzoI-cn-p--Xn\pthnbpamWv Fv Alvkm-_v: 72-73 ]-d-n-p-v. Cu kq-n ]d Am-lp-hns
A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i--fn ]p-tNp--h hgn-]n-g--h-cm-Wv. _n\: 6 Amlp
]dbpp: \n-b-ambpw thZmcn\n-p Im^n-dp-I-fpw, Am-lp-hns A[n-Im-cm-hIm-i--fn ]p-tNp--hcpw \c-I-IpWvTn-em-Wv, AhcXn \nXy-hm-kn-I-fp-am-Wv.
AqcmWv Ic-bnse Ghpw Zpjn Poh-Pm-e-. Cu kqn ]d Im^n-dpI Jp-B aqSn-sh-p I]-Shnizmkn-I-fpw, Am-lp-hns A[nIm-cm-h-Im-i--fn
]p-tNp--h Cu I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Isf ]n]n hgn-]n-g--h-cp-amWv. An-km-Av: 140, Jp-B kq- Bibw sXmbn D-cn-p-sImpw, bYm Bibw aqSnshpsImpw, hf-sm-Sn-psIm-p-ap kwkmctam, {]kw-Ktam tIn-cn-p- Im^ndpsfbpw, As\ kwkm-cn-p I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-sfbpw Amlp \c-I-n Hcn-an-p-Iq-psav ]d-n-p-v. ChnsS ]d Im^n-dp-I hgn-]n-g--h-cm-Wv. sXmbn JpXp_ ]dbp ap\m-^n-Jp-I-fpsS hgn-bn-epw, AXv tIn-cn-p A\p-bm-bn-I-fnepw Rsf s]Sp-cptX FmWv hnizm-kn-I {]mn-t--Xv.
^pn-e-v: 26-28 ]d Im^n (\n-tj-[n) JpB\ns Bi-b-n\nv
P\-sf XS-bp-I-bpw, Jp-B-\nt\mSv hntcm[wshv Xn-p-Ibpw sNp I]-S-hnizm-kn-I-fm-Wv. Ah Am-lp-hns i{Xp--fpw, \c-I-n imiz-X-cmbn Ignv IqtS-h-cp-am-Wv. Ah hnizmkn-I-fpsS i{Xp--fm-sW-pw, Ahsc kqn--W-sapw
ap\m-^n-Jq: 4 ]d-n-p-v. ^pn-e-v: 29- ]d Im^n, Cu I]-S-hn-izm-knIsf t\Xm-am-cmbn ]np-S hgn-]n-g--h-cm-Wv. Ah \msf ]d-bp--Xm-Wv: RfpsS DS-a-bmb \mYm, R-sf hgn-]n-g-n--hsc ImWn-p-X-cn-I, R Ahsc Imen\-Sn-bn-env Nhnn tZjywXo-ssFln-I-tem-Iv Xmgv-h-cmbn, AhcpsS A\p-bmbn-I-fm-bn- Pohnncp--Xn\p]Icw. Alvkm_v bp-n I]-S-hn-izmknIfpw XfpsS
lrZ-b--fn tcmK-ap--hcpw Am-lphpw {]hm-N-I\pw \-tfmSv hmKvZm\w sNbvXXv
A ^mXnl (1)
89
h-\-b-msXb Fp-]-d-psImncpp Fv Alvkm_v: 12- ]d-n-p-v.

ChnsS X-fpsS lrZ-b--fn tcmK-ap--h Fp-]-d-Xv I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Isf
]n]p hgn-]n-g--h-cm-Wv. Alvkm_v: 1,48 kq--fn \_nsb hnfnv Amlp
]d-bpp: \o Im^n-dp-I-sfbpw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-sfbpw A\p-k-cn--cp-Xv. Cu kq-fn
]d Im^n-dp-I hgn-]n-g-hcm-Wv. lv: 34 kq--fn, P\--fn Am-lphns Imcy-n bmsXmcp hnh-c-hp-an-msX (Jp-B\ns Bi-b-an-m-sX) Xn-p-hc
- p-v, Ah kwi-ba
- p-m-p (B-s
- -) Fm ]nim-Npsfbpw ]n]-phcmWv.
Fm ]nimNn-sta tcJ-s-Sp-n-bn-p-v, \nbw Ahs\ BcmtWm tXmg-\mbn
kzoI-cn--Xv, Atm \nbw Ahs\ ]nimNv hgn-]n-g-n-p-I-bpw, In-bm-fp \c-Io-bn-tev amK-Zi\w sNp-Ibpw sNpw Fp-]-d-n-pv (l-v: 8, epJvam: 2021 Iqn-hmbn-p-I).
I]-Sh
- n-izm-kn-If
- mb t\Xm- a\p-jyn-im-Np-f
- pw, ey-t_m[w \jvSs
- Kzmho-fp-am-Wv (A-Avdm^v: 175, A-Bw: 112 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Ahsc ]n]-p--h-cmWv
{]-b Kzm^n-eo-. Jp-BsImv DWn-bnpw bYmhgn-bn-tev hcmsX
]nim-Nns hgn-bn-tepXs t]mbm Ah \c-I-n ]Xn-pw. I]-S-hn-izm-knI
hnNm-cW
- b
- n-msX \c-I
- ns ASn-- n-tepw (A-n-km-Av: 145) hgn-]n-gh hnNmcW
ptijw \c-I-n-te-pamsWv kpa: 71, apIv: 611, Ilv^v: 100-101 kq-fn
]d-n-p-v. Cu cv Iq-cp-sSbpw ac-W-k-a-bspdnv kpa: 59- Amlp ]d-bpp: A; \n\v Fs kq- hp-In-n, \o AXns\ Xn--d-p, \o Al--cn
p, \o \ntj[n Xs-bm-bn-cp-p. ChnsS Jp-B\ns Bi-bs Xn-d hgn]n-gh km[m-c-W-m-cpw, Al--cnp Fp]d--h- Bibw Adn-nv ]np-Scm
ap\m-^n-Jp-I-fp-am-Wv. ^Xvlv: 6, al-mb am hnPbw \In-bXv, X-fpsS
\mYs\pdnv Zpjn Nn ]pe-nb I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fmb ]pcp-jam-scbpw kv{XoIsfbpw, Am-lp-hn ]p-tNp ]pcp-jam-scbpw kv{XoI-sfbpw inn-p--Xn\v
thn-bmWv. Ahcp sSta Amlp tIm]n-n-cn-pp. Amlp Ahsc i]n-n-cn-pp. Ahpthn \c-I-Ip-WvTw Hcp-n-sh-n-cn-p-pF{X-tam-i-s aS--ew
Fpw ]d-n-p-v. ChnsS Am-lp-hn ]p-tNp ]pcp-jam-scbpw kv{XoIsfbpw sImp-t-in-pXv hgn-]n-g--h-scbmWv. \lv: 106-109, BcmtWm Xs
hnizm-k-n\ptijw lrZ-b-n hnizm-k-an-msX s\n \ntj-[s {]Xn-^-ennpsImv \ne-sIm-p--Xv, Ah-cp-sS-ta Am-lp-hn \np tIm]w ]Xn-ncnp-p. Ahv hn in-bp-ap-v. AX-h ]c-tem-It- -m sFln-It- emIs
CjvS-s-Xv sImm-Wv. \nbw Amlp Ccw \ntj-[n-I-fmb P\-Xsb kamKn-te-v \bn-p-Ib
- nXs. X-fpsS lrZ-b
- pw, tIhn-Ipw, ImgvNI
- pw
ap{Z-sh-s-h
- Ah-cm-Wv. Aq- Xs-bm-Ipp {]-b
- h
- . kwi-ba
- n; \nbw
]c-tem-I-n Ah Xs-bmWv Fmw \jvS-s--h. Chn-sS -]-d {]-b-hcn
ey-t_m[w \-s I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fpw, Ahsc ]WvUn-X-scv IcpXn ]n]-p
hgn-]n-g km[m-c-W-m-cpw Ds-Sp--Xm-Wv. apwX-ln\: 13- Amlp hnizm-kn-Isf
hnfnv ]d-bpp: Am-lp-hns tIm]w hjn--s Hcp P\-Xsb \n kwc--Icmbn sXsc-s-Sp--cp-Xv. Ah ]c-tem-Ins Imcy-n \ncm-i-s-n-cn-p-p.
\ntj-[-n-\p-ta \ntj-[ ap Ip^v^m-dp-I J_ \nhm-kn-Isfpdnv \ncmi-cmbXpt]mse. ChnsS ]d Ip^v^mdp-Ifpw hgn-]n-g--h-cm-Wv.
90
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
An-bm-Av: 53-54, hn{K-lm-cm-[\ sNbvXn-cp C_vdm-lo-an-s P\X, Cu _nw_sf R-fpsS ]nXm-am ]qPn-p--Xmbn R In-pv Fp]d--tm,
C_vdmlow \_n ]dp: Atm \nbw \nfpw \n-fpsS ]nXm-amcpw hyamb hgn-tI-Sn-em-Ip-p. Chn-sS--d hgn-tI-Sn-em-b-h-cn t\Xm-fpw A\pbmbn-Ifpw
Ds-Sp--Xm-Wv. Alv: 37-, \o Ah-cpsS kamK-n\pthn F{X Xs
]cn-{i-an-mepw icn; BcmtWm Ahsc kzbw hgn-]n-gn-Xv, Ahsc Hcn-epw Amlp
kamK-n-em-p-I-bn-. Ahv klm-bn-I Bcpw Xs DmhpI-bp-an-.
BcmtWm Ahchsc kzbw hgn-]n-g-n--Xv, Ahsc Hcn-epw Amlp kamK-nem-p-Ibn Fp-]-d-Xns hnh, kamKhpw ZpamKhw hy-ambn shfn-hmb-Xn-\p-tijw a\xkmnv hncp--ambn BcmtWm t_m[-]qw hgn-tISv sXsc-sSp-Xv Ahsc Hcn-epw Amlp kamK-n-te-mp-I-bn- Fm-Wv. Cu A{Ian-I bmsXmcp AdnhpanmsX (Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-an-m-sX) Ah-cpsS Cm-\n--fmWv ]n]-p--Xv. Atm Amlp hgn-]n-g-n Hcmsf BcmWv kamK-n-emm-\p-Xv? Ahv klm-bn-I Bcpw Xs Dm-bn-cn-p--Xp-a- Fv Adqw: 29epw ]d-n-p-v. A-c
- m-cmWv Amlp sImp-If
- I]-Sh
- n-izm-kn-I. ^pJm:
44- Amlp tNmZn-pp: tZtl-sb Cem-lmbnsmv \S-p--hsc \o Ipthm?
Ah-cn A[n-I-t]cpw tIp-I-tbm, Nnn-p-Itbm sNp-sav \o Icp-Xp-ptm?
Ah Ip-Im-en-IsftmsebmIp-p. A; Ah AXn-t\-m hgn-]n-g--h-cm-Ip-p.
kpa: 36-37 Amlp tNmZn-pp: Amlp t]msctbm Xs ASnav? \ns Ah
Ahs\qSmsXbp-hscsmv `b-s-Sp-p-p-h-tm. Bsc-bmtWm Amlp hgn]n-g-n--Xv, Ahs\ amK-Zi\w sNp--h-cmbn Bcp-an-. Bsc-bmtWm Amlp
amK-Zi\w sNbvX-Xv, Atm Ahs\ hgn-tI-Sn-em-p--h\mbpw Bcp-an-. Amlp
tNmZyw sN-s-Sm AP-\pw {]Xn-Imcw sNp--h-\p-a-tm.
kpa: 41- Amlp ]d-bpp: \nbw, P\-v kXy-amKw hnh-cnv sImSpp--Xn-\pthnbmWv \n\v \mw Cu {Kand-nbXv. Atm BcmtWm Cu
{Kap]-tbm-Knv kamK-n-em-b-Xv, Atm AXv Ah\pthns-bm-Wv.
BcmtWm AXns\smv hgn-tI-Sn-em-b-Xv, AXns tZmjhpw Ahv Xs-bm-Wv.
\o Ah-cpsS ssIIm-cy-I-shm-pa. \wev: 81- Amlp ]d-bpp: hgn-tI-Sn
A-cmbn hnl-cn-p--hsc \o kamK-n-em-p-I-bn-. \psS kq-fn
hnizkn--hscbpw, PohnXw kkzw \n kan--h-sc-bp-a-msX \o tIn-p-Ibp-an. Jkz-kv: 50-, Am-lp-hn\np kamK-amb Jp-B-\n-msX tZtlsb ]n]-p--h-t\-m Ghpw hgn-]n-g--h Bcpv Fv tNmZn-p-p. \nbw
Ccw A{I-an-I-fmb Hcp P\-Xsb Amlp kamK-n-temp-I-bn Fp-]-d-bpIbpw sNp-p. 85-, \nbw \ns-ta Cu Jp-B \n_--am-n-bXv \ns
\smcp aS-m\-tv aS-m-\m-Wv. \o ]d-bp-I: BcmWv kamKhpwsImv h-sX-pw, BcmWv hy-amb hgn-tI-Sn-se-pw Fs \mY- Xs-bmWv Ghpw IqSpX Adn-bp--h.
Alvkm-_v: 36-, Bsc-nepw A-mlp-hn-s\bpw Ahs dkq-en-s\bpw [n-cnm \nbw Ah hy-amb hgn-tI-Sn-embn Fpw, amCZ: 12-, kXyamKw hpIn-n-bnv \n-fn\nv Bsc-nepw AXv \ntj-[nv Ign-m Ah Ghpw t\cmb
A ^mXnl (1)
91
amK-n\nv hgn-]n-gv Ignp Fpw ]d-bp-p-v. 77-, thZmsc hnfnv \_ntbmSv ]d-bm Iev]npp: \n \n-fpsS Zo\n A\ym-b-ambn AXncv Ihn-b-cp
Xvt\cmb amK-n\nv ]q-ambn ]ng-p-t]mhpI-bpw, [mcmfw Bfp-Isf ]ng-np-I-bpw sNbvX Hcp P\-X-bpsS Xn--sf \n ]n]--cp-Xv. Cu kqw A`nkw-t_m-[\w sNp-Xv ss{IkvX-h-sc-bm-Wv. apv ]ng-p-t]m-hp-Ibpw, [mcmfw BfpIsf ]ng-n-pIbpw sNbvXh Fp-]-d-Xv PqXamscpdn-m-Wv. Cv PqX-cpsSbpw Ah hgn-]n-g-n ss{IkvX-h-cpsSbpw amKw ]n]p I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-sfbpw,
Ahsc ]n]-p hgn-]n-g km[m-cW apkven-fp-sSbpw Cm-\n-- hnizm-knI ]n]-cp-sX-mWv Amlp Iev]n-p-Xv. Cv thZw Jp-B am{X-am-Wv. _Jd:
108-, Bsc-nepw hnizm-k-n\ptijw \ntj[w sXsc-s-Sp-m Ah bYm
amK-n\nv ]ng-p-t]mbn Fp-]-d-n-p-v. 198-, \nsf Cu Jp-BsImv
amK-Zi\w sNbvX Am-lp-hns\ \n kvacn-p-I. Cu Jp-B e`n-p-X
- n\papv
\n hgn-]n-g--h-cns]-h Xs-bm-bn-cp-phtm. An-km-Av: 60- Amlp
]d-bpp: Jp-B-\-\p-k-cnv hn[n-Iev]n-m--hsc ]nimNv AXn-hn-Zq-c-ambn hgn-]n-g-nm-\mWv Dt-in-p--Xv. 116-, Am-lp-hn ]p-tNp--Xns\ \n-bw Ah
s]mdp-p--X-, AX-m--sXmw Dt-in-hv Ah s]mdp-p-sIm-Sp-pw. Bsc
nepw Am-lp-hns A[n-Im-c-mh-Im-i--fn ]ptNm Ah bYmhgn-bn
\nv hfsc Zqcw AI-p-t]m-bn. 136-, BcmtWm Am-lp-hn-s\bpw, Ahs ae-pI-sfbpw, Ahs {K--sf-bpw, Ah-s ZqXam-sc-bpw, ]c-tem-I-sbpw \ntj-[n-
Xv, Ah bYm hgn-bn\nv hfsc Zqcw t]mbn--gnp Fp-]-d-bp-p. 143-,
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I, Cq--cmtWm icn, Aq--cmtWm icn Fp kwi-b-n BSn-fnv sImn-cn-pw. Atm Bsc-bmtWm Amlp hgn-]n-g-n--Xv, Ah\v bYm
amKw sImSp-p Hcmsf \o Is-p-I-bn-. 167-, \nbw Jp-B aqSn-sh-p-Ibpw, Jp-B\ns amK-n\nv P\-sf XS-bp-Ibpw sNp--h hnZq-c-amb hgn-tISn AI-spIgnp Fp-]-d-bp-p.
_Jd: 151-, \nbw Amlp P\-v shfn-hm-m-\mbn {K-n hyambn Cd-n-bn-p kamKw aqSn-sh-p--hcptm, Ah-cp-sS-ta Am-lp-hn-sbpw
i]n-p--h-cp-sS-bp-samw im]-ap-sv ]d-n-p-v. 161-, \nbw Jp-B aqSnshp-I-bpw, I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fmbn acn-p-Ibpw sNbvX-hv Am-lp-hn-sbpw ae-p-I-fpsSbpw samw a\p-jy-cp-sSbpw im]-ap-v. 174-176, \n-b-w Amlp {K-n Cdn-bXv aqSnshp-Ib
- pw, AXns\ Ipdhnev hnp-Ibpw sNp-h
- c
- p-t- m, Aq X-fpsS hb-n Xob-msX \nd-p-n-. Ah-tcmSv Amlp hn[n-Zn-h-k-\m-fn
kwkm-cn-p-I-bn-, Ahsc ipo-I-cn-p-I-bp-an-. Ahv thZ-\m-P-\-I-amb in-bmWp--Xv. Aq- kamKw hnv hgn-tISv hmn-b-h-cpw, ]m]-tam-N-\-n\v ]Icw
in hmn-b-h-cpam-Wv. Atm \c-Issmv Fsmcp a-bmWv Ah ImWnp--Xv? Amlp {Kw kXytm-Sv (e-y-tm-Sv) -IqSn Cdn F-Xpw, B {K
n `nn-n-p--h samw Jp-B-\m-Ip acw ]nSn-msX AXns sImp-I
]nSnv hnhn[ kwL-S-\-I-fmbn `nnv Zqsctmbn F-Xp--am-Wv B \cIw Ahv
Inm ImcWw. _Jd: 16-, I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Isfpdnv Amlp ]d-bpp: Ah
kamKw hnv A-Imcw (h-gn-tI-Sv) hmn-b-h-cm-Ip-p. Atm Ah-cpsS I-hSw
em`-I-c-am-bn-. Ah lpZm (Jp-B) D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p--h-cp-am-bn-. Ben-Cw-dm:
92
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
86-88, hnizm-k-n-\p-tijw \ntj-[n-I-fm-bn-o Hcp P\-Xsb F-s\-bmWv

kamK-n-tev \bn-p-I-? \nbw {]hm-NI kXy-am-sWv kmywhln-p-Ibpw, hy-amb sXfn-hp-I e`n-pIbpw sNbvXti-j-amWv Ah \ntj-[n-p-I-f--Xv.
Amlp A{I-an-I-fm-b Hcp P\-Xsb kmK-n-tev \bn-p-I-bn--X-s. Ccw
A{I-an-Iv k -hn-izm-kn-I-fp-sSbpw ae-p-I-fp-sSbpw Am-lp-hn-sbpw im]-amWp-Xv. Ahc-Xn imiz-X-cpamWv. Ah-cpsS in e-Lq-I-cn-p-I-tbm, Ahv kmhImiw \Ip-Itbm sNp-Ib
- n- Fp]d-n-p-v. 90-, \nbw hnizm-k
- n\v tijw
AXv aqSn-sh-p-I-bpw, ]ns \ntj-[-n-\p-ta \ntj[w hn-p-Ibpw sNbvX-h
BcmtWm Ah-cpsS ]m-m]w Aplp kzoI-cn-p-I-bn-, Ah Xs-bmWv hgn-]ng--h- Fp-]-d-n-p-v. Chn-sS- ]d hgn-]n-g--h I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fm-Wv. Ankm-Av: 91, Xu_: 123, Alvkm-_v: 60-61 XpS-nb kq--fn, Ccw I]-S-hn-izm-kn
I i]n--s--h-cm-Wv, Ahsc Fhn-sS-shv, Ftm Ipap-n-bmepw ]nSnv h[n-W-sav hnizm-kn-I-fpsS kw-L-tm-Sv Iev]n-n-papv. hnizm-kn-I-fpsS kwL-ap-sn Ahv A[n-Imcw \Ip-sav Aq: 55-epw ]d-n-p-v. hnizm-kn-I-fpsS
kwL-ap-m-bnv Am-lp-hns hn[n-hn-e-p-I \S-n-em-m--h I]-S-hn-izmknIfmWv.
Acw [nm-cn-Isf kamK-n-tev \bn-p-I-bn- F Bi-b-n-emWv {]kvXpX
kqw Ah-km-\n-p--Xv. Fm Cukm \_n hopw h-Xn-\p-tijw am{X-amWv
Cu Iev]\ \S-n-em-hp-I.
kzm^m-v: 6268, \c-I
- n-ep-h
- c
- psS `-Whpw ]m\o-bhpw hni-Zo-Ic
- n-t- ijw
69-71 Amlp ]d-bp-p: Ah- Xe-apd Xe-ap-d-bmbn hgn-]n-g--h-cm-bn-cp-p. Atm
Ah-cpsS Im]mSp-I Ch ]np-Sv sImn-cp-p. Ahv appw A[n-I-t]cpw
hgn-tI-Sn Xs-bm-bn-cpp. AhmJn-A: 92-94, Atm kXys Xn-dv
hgn-]n-g Bfp-I-fptm; Ahv hncp-mbnv Npp-]-gp shhpw, \c-I-n thhn-ep-amWpXv Fp-]-d-n-p-v. apAvan\q: 105-107, \c-I-n Icn--s-Sp--htcmSv Amlp tNmZn-p--Xm-Wv: Fs kq- \nv hnh-cnv Xn-p-m-bn-cpn-t, \n AXns\ If-hmn Xn--dv sImn-cp-nt. A-Xn\v adp-]-Sn-bm-bn:
R-fpsS DS-a-bmb \mYm, R-fpsS Zu`mKyw Rsf PbnS-n, \nbw R
Hcp hgn-]n-g P\X Xs-bm-bn-cp-p. R-fpsS \mYm, Rsf ChnsS\npw ]pdtv t]mIm A\p-h-Zn-p-I, C\n R hopw AXn-{I-an-Ifm-hp-I-bm-sW-n
\nbw R A{I-an-I-fns]-h Xs-bm-bn-cnpw Fp-]-d-bp-p.
aqkm \_n-bpsS sXmgnsImv acn Bsfpdnv aqkm ]d-p: CXv ]nim-Nns
]Wn Xs, \nbw Ah hy-amb i{Xp-hpw, hgn-]n-g-n-p--h\pw Xs-bmWv
Fv Jk-kv: 15 ]d-n-p-v. Ap-A-dm-Av: 19, {]kvXpX kw`hw Nqn-mWnpsImv ^n-Hu aqkm \_ntbmSv ]d-p: \o B {]hrn sNbvX-tm \ntj[n-If
- n s]-h Xs-bm-bncpp. Atm kqw 20{]Imcw Rm AXv sNbvXtm
Rm hgn-Im-WmsX Dg-ep-h
- \
- n s]-h\
- m-bn-cpp Fv aqkm adp-]Sn ]dp. ApAdm-Av: 86, C_vdmlow \_n Xs ]nXm-hn\v s]mdp--ens\ tXSn smv ]dp:
\mYm, Fs ]nXm-hn\v s]mdp-p-sIm-Sp-m-epw, \nbw ]nXmhv hgn-]n-g--h-cns]pt]m-bn-cn-pp. Fm bYmhgn Fn-p-sIm-Sp-npw kzoI-cn-m ]nXm-hn\v
s]mdp--ens\ tXSn-bXv sXmbntmbn Fv a\-n-em-nb C_vdmlow Ah-km\w
A ^mXnl (1)
93
]nXm-hp-am-bp _w hnt-Zn-p-Ib
- pw, Am-lp-hn-t\mSv tJZnv aS-p-Ib
- p-amWv sNbvXsXv Xu_: 114- ]d-n-p-v. \ns Rm hgn-Im-WmsX Dg-ep--h-\mbn Ip,
Atm \n\v kamKw \In Fv Aplm: 7epw, Cu Jp-B Inp--Xn-\papv \o {]-b--h-cns]--h Xs-bm-bn-cpp Fv bqkp^v: 3epw \_n-sb-p-dnv
]d-n-p-v. Cu Jp-BsImv ap-dn-bnv \I-s-Sp--Xn-\p-apv Ah {]-b-h-cm-bn-cpp Fv bmko: 6epw, Cu JpB Inp--Xn\v apv Ah hy-amb
hgn-In-msX Dg-ep-h
- c
- m-bn-cp-p Fv PpapA: 2epw \_n-bpsS P\-Xb
- mb am apivcnpIsfp-dnv ]d-n-p-v. Atm Jp-B\ns Bibw Inm-- {]-b-hv
s]mdp--ens\ tXSm-sapw, DWn-bnpw DW-cm, hgn-]n-g, {]-b-- Bfp-Iv
s]mdp--ens\tSm ]mSn- Fpw, Ah \c-In Xs-bmsWpw a\-n-emmw.
AXn s]Sp--cptX FmWv hnizm-kn-I {]mn-t--Xv. Amlp i]n I]-Shn-izm-kn-Ifpw hgn-]n-g-- km[m-c-Wmcpw IqSn-b-h-cmWv apPvcnwI. Ch cp-Iq-cpw
\c-I-nshv ]c-kv]cw Xn-p, i]n-p-, ]gn-Nm-cp cwKw _Jd: 166-167
hni-Zo-I-c-W-n hmbn-p-I. AAvdm^v: 175-176, Jp-B\ns Bibw Adnnv
]n]-m-sX tZtlv ASnasv, ey-t_m[w \jvS-s- Ccw I]-S-hn-izm-k-nIsfbpw, Jp-B\ns Bibw ]Tn-m- {ian-msX Xn--d hgn-]n-g P\-X-sbbpw,
D]-{Z-hn-mepw Cs-nepw amwhcm \mbtbmSv D]-an-n-cn-p-p. PpapA: 5, Chsc
Igp-X-tbm-Spw- Pq-X-tcmSpw D]-an-n-p-v. am{X-a-, Am-lp-hns kq- Xn-d Ccw A{I-an-If
- mb P\-Xsb Amlp kamK-n-te-m-p-Ib
- nXs Fpw
]d-n-p-v. AAvdm^v: 176 Ah-km-\n-p-Xv: Atm {]hm-N-Im, Ah-cpsS D]a Igp
X, ]n, ]n Fn-s\ hgn-p-h-gn-bmbn ]d-p-sImSppI, AXv tI-h tI-h
ap--h-cn-tev {]Xn-^-en-n--s F Iev]-\-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv (amCZ: 60 Iqn-hm-bnp-I).
D]-kw-lmcw: ^mnl-bn-msX \a-kvIm-can Fv \_n (k) ]Tnn-n-p-v.
Jp-B\ns samw Bi-b-a-S-nb, {K-ns amXm-hmb ^mn-l-bpsS Bi-b-anmsX \a-kvIc
- n-m, hnn\nv Av sXdn-p thK-n Zo\n\nv sXdnpt]mIpsav \_n (k) ]Tn-n--Xn-\m, Ccw \a-kvIm-c-mv \c-I-nse "ssh' F
sNcphv e`n-p-sav amDu: 4 ]d-n-pv. Ccw \a-kvIm-cmpw t\mpImp-samw ]ng-bmbn e`n-p \c-Issmv Rsf Impc-n--WtasbmWv ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-Is C-Zm-kam ^pJm: 65- {]mn-p--Xv. Xu_: 5354 kq -{]-Imcw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS Zm\-[--tfm, \a-kvIm-c-tam Hpw kzoIcn-p-I-bn-sv ]d-n-p-v. ImcWw Ah Am-lp-hn-s\bpw, Ahs ZqX-s\bpw
Jp-B\
- n aqSn-sh-h
- c
- pw, \a-kvIm-c
- n "Amlv'Fp kvac-Wb
- n-m-h
- cpw, shdptm-Sp-Iq-SnbmsX sNe-h-gn-m-h-cp-am-b-Xm-Wv. An-km-Av: 142-143 kq--fn
CtX Bibw {]Xn-]m-Zn-n-p-v. Am-lp-th, Rsf \o hnizm-kn-I-fpw, Jp-B-\ns\ ]n]t--hn[w ]n]p-hcpw hnP-bn-I-tfm-sSmw kzK-n {]th-inphcp-am-t-Wta. Rsf \o
\ntj-[n-I-fpw, I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fpw, hgn-]n-g-hcpw, \c-I-n {]th-in-p--h-cp-am--cptX.....Bao.
JpB\ns Bmhv
94
]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I\pw Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[n-bpamb Am-lp-hns \maw-sIm-v
2. A _Jd
Jp-B-\nse Ghpw henb kqd-mWn-Xv. aZo-\bn Ah-X-cn CXn 286
kq--fmWp--Xv. \_n(-k) ]Tn-n-p: Fm hkvXp-pw sImSp-ap-Sn-bp-v. JpB-\ns sImSp-ap-Sn-bmWv A_-J-d. JpB\nse Ghpw al-mb kqw Bbp Ipknv (255mw kqw) Ghpw ssZLy-ap- kqw B-b-p-ss (282mw
kqw) Fnh Cu kqd-n-em-Wv. _J-dbpw BenCwdm\pw IqSn-bXv klvd-hm
(cv ]qhm-Sn-I) BWv. \n Ah ]Tnp-Ibpw ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNpI Fv \_n
(k) ]Tn-nnpv.
""\n _J-dbpw BenCw-dm\pw ]Tn-p-I. \n-b-ambpw Ah cv ]qhm-Sn-I-fmWv. Ah cpw Bi-b-tm-Sp-IqSn ]Tn--h\v Jnbm-ap\mfn, cv taL-p-S-sbtmWw, As-n cv Xemsh-tmWw, As-n Hcp ]n-bpsS cv Nnd-sItmWw XW Ah hncn-p--Xm-Wv.''
]ip]qP-bn apgp-Inb CuPn-]vXnse Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-Isf Amlp ^nHu
{]`r-Xn-I-fn\nv IS ]nfn c-s-Sp-pI-bpw, Ah ko\m acp-`q-an-bn Xmh-fa-Sn-pIbpw sNbvXp. XpSv Am-lp-hns \nti-{]-Imcw aqkm \_n ktlm-Z-c
lmdq-Wns\ {]Xn-\n-[n-bmbn \nb-an-p-sImv Xudmv kzoI-cn-p--Xn\pthn Xq
]-X-n-tev t]mbn. Cu ka-bv "kman-cn'-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-n Ah-cpsS ]-epm-bn-cp B`-c-W--sfmw Dcpn Ah-scmcp ]ip-p-n-bpsS cq]w hms-Sp-p.
]nimNv AXn\v ap{I-bn-Sp itmSp-Iq-Snb icocw \In, AhcXns\ ]qPn-m
XpSn. ]ip-hm-cm-[m\ Ah-cpsS lrZ-b-n ebn-p-tNn-cp-p. Atm Amlp
]qP-p-]-tbm-Kn-n-cp Hcp ]ip-hns\ NqnmWnv kqw 67-71 ]cm-ainp
e-W-fp Hcp ]ip-hns\ Adp-m Iev]n-pI-bm-Wv. CXn\nmWv Cu kqdn\v A_-Jd (]-ip) F t]cv h-Xv. lrZ-b-n Am-lp-hns\ shp-Xn\p]Icw ]ip`n, ImImc-W-ham-cpsS Ncy, kzmX, hKo-b-X, tZtl-, tZiob-X, hwio-b-X, kzP-\-]--]m-Xw, kwL-S-\m-]--]m-Xw......XpS-nb ss]im-Nn-I-amb
ZpKp-W- shn-ph AXv samw Jp-B\ns BibwsImv Zqco-I-cn--W-samWv Cu kqd-v ap-dn-bnv \Ip-Xv.
]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I\pw Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[n-bp-amb Am-lp-hns \mawsIm-v.
cv kqdxI thXn-cn-p--Xv _nkvan sIm-m-Wv.
1.
Aen-^v-emwaow
The abbreviated letters -s Cu kqw kqd: BenCwdm: 7 ]d Be-mcn-Iw Bb kq-fns]--Xm-Wv. CsXmcp kq-am-b-Xn-\m, FmImcy-fpw hniZo-Icn Jp-B Cu kqsbpw hni-Zo-Ic
- n-n-p-v. Ap-A dm-Av: 192194 Amlp
]d-bpp: \nbw Cu Jp-B ktem-I--fp-sSbpw DS-a-bn\nv Cd--s--Xv
A_-Jd (2)
95
Xsbm-Ip-p. AXpw-sImv Cd-n-bXv hniz-kvX-\mb dqlv (Po_vco) BIp-p.

\ns lrZ-b-n-tev AXn-d-n-bXv, \o AXp-sImv ap-dn-bnv \Ip--Xn\pthnbpam-Wv. AYhm Am-lp-hn\nv Pn_vco aptJ\ apl-Zv \_nv h Jp-B
Fv kmcw.
2.
B {Kw, AXns Imcy- n kwi- b - t a- b n- . ap- J o- Xv

lpZm(amKZi-Iw)-bm-Wv.
kqd: _pdq-Pv: 212-2 ]d `{Z-ambn kqn--s êI-n (eulp alv^qfn) tcJ-s-Sp--s B {Kw-B H{Kw am{Xta thZ-{K--ambn `qan-bntev
Cd-nbn-p-q. AXns icocw hnhn[ `mj-I-fn ]e-Im-e--fnembn Ah-X-cn-n-s-n-p-s-nepw, Ahbp-sS-sbmw Bmhv (A-nIv) -H-p--X-sbmWv. \nbw CXp
_lpam\y-amb Jp-B Xs-bm-Wv. `{Z-ambn kqn--s {K-n-emWXp-Xv.
]cn-ip-amc-msX AXp kv]in-p-I-bn-. k-tem-I--fp-sSbpw DS-a-bn\nv
Cd--s--Xm-WXv. Cu h-am-\sbmtWm \n emL-htmsS- F-Sp-p--Xv.
AXns\ Xn--d-bpI F-Xv \n-fpsS `-W-am-n-bn-cn-ppthm Fv AhmJnA:
77-82 tNmZn-ppv. kPZ: 2, B {Kw AXns Imcy-n Hcp kwi-b-hp-an-,
AXv k-tem-I--fp-sSbpw DS-a-bn\nv Cd--s--Xm-Ip-p Fp-]-d-n-pv. Fm
dkqepIpw thZ-{Kw Ah-Xc
- nnp-v (lZo-Zv: 25, _n\: 4 t\m-pI). dkqepIv
\I-s {Kw tijw h \_n-amcpw D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p-I-bm-Wp-m-b-Xv (_-Jd:
213 t\mp-I). Ad-AvZv: 39-, Amlp Ah-\p-t-in-Xv ambvp-I-f-bp-p, Ah-\p-t-inXv nc-s-Sp-p-p, Ahs ]emWv aqe-{K--apXv (DpIn-Xm-_v) Fp-]-dn-p-v. \nbambpw AXyp--X-\pw, bpn\pamb Am-lp-hns ]-ep aqe-{K--n- Cu Jp-B-\p-sv kpKvdp-^v: 4epw, GI-{Kamb Jp-B am{X-amWv
`qan-bn-tev Ah-X-cn-n-p--sXv lnPv: 90-91epw ]d-n-p-v. lnPv: 87- Amlp
]d-bpp: \n\v \mw Bhn-m-hn-p-h-cp Ggv kq--fpw al-mb JpB\pw \In-bn-p-v. Bhn-p-h-cp Ggv kq-fmWv DpInXm_v (^mnl)
Fv \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. Fm dkq-ep-Ipw Jp-B am{X-amWv \In-b-sXn apl-Zv \_nv Dp InXm_v ASw ]q-amb AInXm_v Xs \In-bnp-v. hni-Zo-I-c-W-n\v ^mn-l-bpsS BapJw t\mp-I.
bm-ko: 69 Amlp ]d-bpp: \nbw CXv Hcp ZnIvdpw (Jp-B-\ns Bmhv) hy-amb Jp-B-\p-(Jp-B-\ns i-co-cw)amsX asm-p-a. Ap-A-dm-Av: 196,
\nbw Cu Jp-B ]qnI GSp-I-fn-se-m-ap-s-pw, _n\: 3 Cu Jp-B\ns
Bi-b-n, apv hn-p thZ--fnse am-n-cp--ep-Iv hnt[-b-am-Im `mKfp-spw ]d-n-p-v. amCZ: 48-, kXy-amb Cu Jp-B AXn\v apv hnp {K-n \np--Xns\ kXy-s-Sp-p-Xpw, AXns\ Imp-kq-n-p--XpamWv Fp-]-d-n-p-v. ^pkzn-e-v: 41-43 Amlp ]d-bpp: \nbw ZnIvdns\
AXv hp-In-n-bnv aqSn-sh--h-cp--tm, Ahv thZ-\m-P-\-I-amb in-bp-v, \nbw
Cu ZnIv AP--amb, AXp-ey-amb Hcp {Kw Xs-bm-Wv. AXv t{ImUo-I-cn-p--Xn\v
aptm, t{ImUo-I-cn--Xn\ptijtam AXn anYy ISpIqSp-I-bn-. bpn-m-\nbpw
kzbw kvXpXyl-\p-am-b-h-\n\nv Cd--s--XmWXv. \n\vv app {]hm-N-Iam-
96
JpB\ns Bmhv
tcmSv ]d-b-s-n-p--X-m--sXmpw \ntmSv ]d-n-n-. An-bm-Av: 24-, CXmWv

Ftm-sSm--ap ZnIv, F\nv app-ffhtcm-sSm--ap ZnIvdpw, Fm Ah-cn A[nI-t]pw bmYmyw Adn-bp-I-bn-. AXp-sImv Ah ZnIvdns\ Ah-K-Wn-p-I-bmWv Fpw, \lv: 44-, \mw \n\v Cu ZnIvdns\ Cd-nbnp--Xv, P\-v Cd-s--sXtm AXv \o Ahv shfn-hmnImSp-p--Xn\pthnbpw, tI-h tI-h
ap--h-cn-tev Fn-p-sIm-Sp-p-Xn\v thn-bpamWv Fpw-]-d-n-p-v.
lpZm: Fv ^mn-l-bn ASna DS-a-tbmSv tNmZn-Xn\v adp-]-Sn-bmbn \Inb
lpZ-bmWv Cu Jp-B. Fm a\p-jy-scbpw kzK-n\nv `qan-bn-tev \ntbm-Kn-b--tm Fn\n-p lpZm hp-In-p-sav _Jd: 38- ]d lpZmbpw, samw
a\p-jyv kamK-sav hnti-jn-n--s _Jd: 185- ]d lpZmbpw Cv JpB am{X-am-Wv.
ap-Jo: lpZ-bmb Jp-B-\ns\ ]n]-p--h am{X-amWv ap-Jo-.
AY-hm, Jp-B-\ns samw BibwsImv Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-b-n kqn-p-h-. Alv: 128, \nbw Amlp Ahs\ lrZ-b-n kqn-p--h-tcm-sSm-hpw, Ahs\ Ip-sImv Ncn-p--h-tcm-sSm--hp-am-sWv ]d-bp-p. kpa: 33,
BmtWm kznZvJv (Jp-B) hp-In-p-Ibpw AXns\ kXy-s-Sp-p-Ibpw sNbvXXv
Aq- Xs-bmWv ap-Jo--sfv ]d-bp-p. AlmJ: 48-, \nbw Cu JpB ap-Jo-v Hcp Snv Xs-bm-Wv Fp]d-n-p-v. Ckm: 29, apkn: 19 Fo kq--fn, \nbw Cu Jp-B \ns \mY-\n-tev Fn-s-Sm-\ptinp--hp Hcp Sn-m-sWv ]d-n-p-v. Jp-B\ns samw Bi-bs
Sn-mbn AwKo-I-cn-p-I-bpw, D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p-Ibpw sNph am{Xta ap-Jo-fm-hp-I-bp-q.
3.
AZr-iy-fn hniz-kn-p-hcpw \a-kvImcw apd-{]-Imcw \ne-\nphcpw \mw Ahv \In-b-Xn\nv sNe-h-gn-psIm-n-cn-p-h-cpamWh (ap--Jo-).
"ssKz_v':- 7Jp-B-\ns samw Bi-bw kan-p, C{nb tKmN-c-a-m

AXn-ù-Xn-I-amb Imcy. AYhm Dm-gvN-Zm-b-I-amb (_kzmC) Jp-B-\ns Bib-ap-]-tbm-Knv ImtW--Xmb ac-Wm-h, J-_ Pohn-Xmh-, ]p\P-w, hnNm-c-Wcw-Kw, ]c-tem-I-n Ah-c-h-cpsS Ccn-nSw, kzKw, kzKnse A\p-`q-Xn-I, \cIw, \c-I-nse inm-I-tTm-c-, \c-I-nse Ah-c-h-cpsS cq]w XpSn Am-lphns\bpw ]nim-Nns\bpw Xncn--dn-bm Bh-iy-amb Fm cwK-fpw Ah--I-fpamWv
hnh-.
\_n(-k) A\p-bm-bn-I-tfmSv tNmZnp: ""BcmWv Ghpw D-a-m?'' ""R
Xs-bm-bn-cn-pw, R Xmsf ]n]-p-Ibpw, Xm-tfm-sSmw bpw sNp-Ibpw
sNpphtm'' Ah adp-]Sn ]d-p. \_n ]dp: ""\nsv ]n? Rm \nfn-ep-m-hp-Ibpw F\nv Znhy-t_m-[-\ambn Jp-B e`n-p-Ibpw sNp-p-s-n-cns.'' Atm Ah tNmZnp: ""ae-p-I-fm-bncnptam?'' ""ae-p-Itfm? Ah Ipw
sNmhcpw, Am-lp-hns kao-]--cpatbm?'' ]ns ""ap \_n-am-cm-bn-cn-ptam
A_-Jd (2)
97
{]hm-N-Itc?'' ""Ahv Znhy-t_m-[\w e`n-p-p-tm'' ""]ns Bcm-W-h {]hm-NItc?'' ""\nptijw cv N- (eulv)bpsS CS-bn-ep {K-n\nv Fs
Iv ]n]n Pohn-p--h-cm-W-h'' \_n adp-]Sn ]d-p. bmko: 11, \nbw ]ca-Im-cp-Wn-Is\ ImWmsXIv (Jp-B\ns Bi-b-nIv) `b-s-Sp--hscbpw,
JpB\ns Bibw ]n]-p--h-scbpw am{X-amWv \o DWp-I. Atm Ah\v
]m]-tam-N-\hpw am\y-amb {]Xn-^-ehpwsImv ktm-j-hm- A-dn-bn-pI Fp-]-dn-p-v. (apIv: 12-13 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I) {Kw \I-s--hv apl-Zv \_nsb
X-fpsS km-\-sf Adn-bp--Xn-ep-]cn Adn-bp--Xm-Wv. (_-Jd: 146, ABw: 20)
Bmhpw Bm-hns DS-a-bp-w Xn-ep IqSn-m-gvN-bm-Wv \a-kvImcw. Jp-B\ns Bibw \ne-\nm-\mWv \a-kvI-cn-pXv. (Xzml: 14) \a-kvImcw hnizm-knIv am{Xap kabw \n-bn--s Hcp _m[y-X-bm-Wv (\n-km-Av: 103). BZyw
Jp-B Xnem-h-v sNm\pw, ]ns \oNhpw \ny-hp-amb {]hn-Isfsmv XSbp- \a-kvImcw \ne-\nm-\p-amWv AI-_q-v: 45 \_n-tbmSv I]n-n-p-Xvv.
JpB\ns Bi-bwsImp Am-lp-hns kvacW Xs-bmWv ]c-a-{]-[m-\-sapw
]d-n-p-v. Jp-B Xnem-h-n-\mWv \a-kvIm-c-t-m {]m[m\yw sImSp-t-sXv AAvdm^v: 170, ^mXzn: 29 Fo kq--fn ]dbpp. (A^m: 24 Iqnhm-bn-p-I).
Amlp \Inb Fm A\p-{K-l-fpw D]-tbm-K-s-Spn kzKw hmpI FXmWv Pohn-X-eyw. Fm A\p-{K-l--sf-p-dnpw tNmZn--s-SpIXs sNpw. (A-Im-kp: 8). Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-am-Wv Ghpw henb A\p-{Klw. \_n (k) ]Tn-np: \n-fn (a-\p-jy-cn) Ghpw D-a Jp-B ]Tn-p-Ibpw ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNp-h-\m-Wv. Atm k-v, km-\w, ka-bw, tIhn, ImgvN, kwkm-cw, m\-am-\, kzm[o-\w XpSn Fm A\p-{K-l-fpw Jp-B-\ns Bibw ]Tn-m\pw ]Tn-nm-\p-amWv hn\n-tbm-Kn-t--Xv. (lv: 35,77, kPZ: 16 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I)
4.
\n\v Ah-Xo-amb thZ-nepw \n\papv Ah-Xo-am-bXnepw hnizkn-p--hcpw ]c-tem-Iw-sImv ZrV-t_m-[y-ap--h-cp-am-W-h. (ap--Jo).
\_n(-k) ]Tn-np: ""Jp-B-\ns hntcm-[- A\p-h-Z-\o-b-ambn sImp-\-S-p-h Jp-B sImv hniz-kn-n-n-.'' AXp-sImpXs Jp-B-\ns Bibw Adnbm--h Jp-B-\n hniz-kn-nn. Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-amb ^pJm (D-c--v) D]tbm-K-s-Spn apv Ah-X-cn--n-p thZ-{K-s a\-n-em-pXneqsS-bmWv B
{K-n-ep hnizmkw cq]-s-Sp---Xv. AXm-b-Xv Jp-B-\n ]d Nne]Z--fpsS
Bi-bw hni-Zo-cn-n-pmhpI Nne-tm ap {K-fn-em-bn-cn pw. An-km-Av:
136, hnizm-kn-Isf hnfnv Amlp ]d-bpp: hnizm-kn-Itf \n Am-lphns\smpw Ah-s ZpX-s\smpw hniz-kn-p-I. Ahs ZpX\v Cd-nb
{Knepw apv Cd--s {K-nepw hniz-kn-p-I. Bsc-nepw Am-lp-hn-s\bpw
Ahs ae-p-Is
- fbpw Ahs {K-s
- fbpw Ahs ZqXamscbpw, Ay-Zn-\s
- bpw
aqSn-shv \ntj-[n-p-p-thm, Atm Xo-bmbpw Ah kXy-n\nv AXn-hnZqcw hgn-]n-g-p-t]m-bn-cn-p-p. Cu kq-n CXn\p apv Cd--s {K-w Fp-
98
JpB\ns Bmhv
]-d--Xn-\m H {Kw am{Xta hn-p-q-sh-pw, AXm-bXv {K-ns Bmhv

Fm-Im-epw Hp-X-sbmbn-cp-s-pw, Fm icocw hyXy-kvX-am-bn-cpp Fpw
a\-n-em-mw.
Fm Ah--bnepw Fm-bn-S--fnepw Amlp \nco-n-p-pv F t_m[nepw hn[n-Zn-hkw Hbv-sm-mbn Hmtcm-cp-cpw Xs 15 hb-n\v tij-ap
Hmtcm \nan-jspdnpw Ahs apn Dcw ]d-bWsat_m[-nepw \nesIm-p--h-cmWv ]c-tem-I-n ZrV-t_m-[y-ap--h. Jp-B a\p-jyv samw
Dm-gvNm-Zm-b-Ihpw ZrV-t_m-[y-ap P\-Xv kamKhpw Imcp-Wy-hp-am-sWv
Pmknb: 20 ]d-bp-p. Aw-ev: 82, Ah-km-\-\m-fns {][m-\-s ]p AS-bmf--fn-sem-mb "Zm-pAfv' Bb arKw hv \nbw, P\w \psS kq-fn ZrV-t_m-[y-ap--h-cm-bn-cp-n- Fp]-d-bp-pv-. ChnsS "\psS kq--fn'
FmWv arKw ]d-bp--Xv, AmsX Am-lp-hn-s kqfn F-. AXn\npw
arKw Amlp-hn\pthn kwkm-cn-pp Fv a\-n-em-mw. F-Xp-t]mse {]hm-NIamcpw Am-lp-hn\pthn kwkm-cn-p--h-cm-bn-cp-p. hnizm-kn-Ifpw A-s\-bmbn-cn--Ww. Ahkm-\-\m-fn Jp-B\ns Bibw Dbs-Sp-tm-gmWv arKs
Abv Amlp Ah-km-\s kmywhln-n-p--Xv. Cu arKw {]k-hn-tXm {]khn--s-tXm Bhp-Ibn. kP-Z: 12, ChnsS Jp-B Inn-bnv {`mam-cmbn Pohn-h \msf (hn[n-Zn-h-kw) Rv ZrV-t_m-[y-am-bn, Rsf Hp-IqSn `qan-bn-tev
Xncn--b-p-tam-sbp tNmZn-p cwKw hnh-cn-p-p (\w-ev: 13, kPZ: 24 Iqn-hm-bn-pI). amCZ: 50- Amlp tNmZn-p-p: Atm Ah Pmln-enm hn[n-I-fmtWm
At\z-jn-p-Xv? ZrV-t_m-[y-ap P\-Xv Am-lp-hn \np--Xn-t\-m Ghpw
D-a-amb hn[n \Ip--h Bcpv!. lqZv: 1, CsXmcp {K-am-Wv, AXnse kq-sfmw XXz-\n`-c hpw kv]jvShp-am-Wv, AXv bpn-m-\n-bpw Fmw hebwsNbvX
{XnIm-e-m-\n-bn \np--Xp-amWv Fp-]-d-n-p-v.
5.
Aq-XsbmWv Ah-cpsS \mY-\n\n-p kmK-n \ne-sImp--h, Aq-- am{XamWv hnPbw hcn-p--h-cpw.
""Am-lpth! Cu Jp-BsImv Rsf \o kmKn-Ifpw hnPbw hcn-p-h-cp-am-t-Wta!'' Fv {]mn-p-I. _Jdbn\n-p Cu Av Bb-p-Ifpw,

Bb-p Ipknpw XpSp cv Bb-p-Ifpw Ah-km-\s aqv Bb-pIfpw cm{Xn Dd-m ka-bv Xnem-hv sNp-h
- scbpw Ah-cpsS IpSpw-_mw-K
- sfbpw
]nimNv kao-]n-p-I-bn-spw, Ah Amlphns Imh-en-em-sWpw \_n(-k) ]Tnn-npv. epJvam: 1 apX 5 hscbp kq- kam-\m-ib
- a
- phbmWv. AAvdm^v:
157 Ah-km-\n-p--Xv, BcmtWm {]hm-N-I-\n hnizkn-p-I-bpw At-ls ins-Sp-p-I-bpw klm-bn-p-Ibpw, At-l-tm-sSmw Cd--s {]Im-is (Jp-B-\ns\) ]n]-p-Ibpw sNp--Xv, Aq-- am{XamWv hnPbw hcn-p--h Fp-]-dp-sIm-m-Wv. dkqepw At-l-tm-sSm--ap hnizm-kn-Ifpw X-fpsS k-psImpw icocwsImpw PnlmZv sNp--h-cp-am-Wv. Aq-mWv D-a-amb hn`-hfpw {]Xn-^-e-hp-ap--Xv, Aq- am{X-amWv hnPbw hcn-p--hcpw Fv Xu_: 88
-]-d-n-p-v. Cv bptam h[tam C, adnv Jp-B-\ns ktiw P\-v
A_-Jd (2)
99
Fn-p-sIm-Spv Xn-Isf Hgn-hmn a\p-jyn-S-bn \bpw sFIyhpw m]n-emWv PnlmZv. AXv Jp-BsImv am{X-amWv km[y-am-hp-I. ^pJm: 52- Amlp
]d-bpp: Jp-B aqSnshp \ntj-[n-Isf \o A\p-k-cn--cp-Xv, Ah-tcmSv JpBsImv A[n-I-cn PnlmZv sNpI. Aq: 51-, \n-b-am-bpw hnizm-kn-I-,
Ahsc Am-lp-hn-tepw Ahs ZqX-\n-te-pw, Ahn-S-bn-ep Imcy-n Xocpam-\-n-\p-thn hnfn--s-m, R tIp, R A\p-k-cnp Fv ]d-b-em-bncn-pw AhcpsS hmv; Aq- am{Xam-bn-cnpw hnPbwhcn-p--h. (Adqw: 38,
apAvan: 111, apPm-Zne: 22, liv: 9, XKm-_p: 16 Iqn-hm-bn-pI).
6.
\n-bw kXyadn-nv aqSn-sh-phcpsS Imcy-n, \o ap-dn-bnv

\Iepw As-n \o ap-dn-bnv \Im-Xn-cn-epw Ah-cp-sS-ta kaam-Wv; Ah hniz-kn-p-I-bn-.
ChnsS ]d Im^n-dp-I (\ntj-[n-I) I]-S-hn-izmkn-I-fm-Wv. ap\m-^n-Jq:

6, Amlp ]d-bpp: I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS Imcy-n \o s]mdp-ens\ tXSp-Xpw, s]mdp--ens\ tXSm-Xpw ka-am-Wv, Amlp Ahv s]mdpp-sIm-Sp-p-I-bn. \nbw Am-lp [nm-cn-I-fmb Hcp P\-Xsb kamK-n-tev \bn-p-IbnXs. bq\p-kv: 33-, A{]-Imcw \ns \mYs hN\w ^mkn-Jo--fp-sS- (sXmSnIfpsS)ta _m[-I-am-bn. \nbw C\n Ah hniz-kn-p-I-bn-. ^mkn-Jo- XsbmWv I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-sfv Xu_: 67- ]d-n-p-v. AAvdm^v: 193, \n Ahsc
(ap-\m-^n-Jp-I-sf) Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n-tev hnfn-m Ah \nsf ]n]-p-I-bn, \n Ahsc hnfn-epw au\w Zon-epw (hn-fn-m-Xncnepw) \n-fp-sS-ta
ka-amWv Fp]d-bp-p. bmko: 1011, \ntj-[n-I-fpsS Imcy-n \o ap-dn-bnv
\Ip--Xpw, \Im-Xn-cn-p-Xpw ka-am-Wv, Ah hniz-kn-p-I-bn-. \nbw \o
ap-dn-bnv \Ip-I Jp-B\ns Bibw ]n]-p--h-sc-bpw, ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-Is\ JpB-\ns Bi-b-n Ip-sImv `b-s-Sp--h-sc-bpw am{Xam-Wv. Atm Ah\v
]m]-tam-N\hpw am\y-amb {]Xn-^-e-hpap-spw ktm-j-hm Adn-bn-p-I Fp]-d-n-pW-v. \nbw Amlp \ntj-[n-I-fmb Hcp P\-Xsb kamK-n-tev
\bn-p-I-bn F Bi-b-n-em-Wv amCZ: 67, \lv: 107 kq- Ah-km-\n-p-Xv. Xu_: 37-, bpw \njn--amb amk- amn-a-dn-p (Cv t\mv, s]cp-m,
lv Znh-k- amn-a-dn-p) \ntj-[n-I-fmb Hcp P\-Xsb Amlp kamK-ntev \bn-p-I-bnsv ]d-n-p-v. Xu_: 24,80, kz^v-^v: 5 XpS-nb kq-sfmw Ah-km-\n-p-X
- v, [nm-cn-If
- mb, sX-m-Sn-If
- mb Hcp P\-Xsb Aml-p kamKn-tev \bn-p-I-bn F Bi-b-n-em-Wv.
7.
Ah-cpsS lrZ-b-pw tIhn-Ipw Amlp ASv ap-{Z sh-n-cnpp, Ah-cpsS ImgvN-Ipw Hcp aqSn-bp-v, Ahv hn inbpam-Wp--Xv.
Ahv (I-]-S-hn-izm-kn-Iv) tIhnbpw ImgvNbpw _pn-i-n-bp-sa-m-ap-v.

]t, Jp-B-\ns Bibw a\-n-emn Pohn-X-eyw kmm-XvI-cn-m Ah D]tbm-K-s-Sp-p-I-bn-. A-Av-dm^v:179- Amlp ]d-bpp: Pnp-I-fn\npw a\p-jy-
100
JpB\ns Bmhv
cn\npw A[n-I-t]-scbpwsImv \mw \cIw Ipn-\n-d-pIXs sNpw, B a\pjyp lrZ-b--fp-v, ]t AXp-sImv -Jp-B Fm-Wv, Pohn-X-eyw Fm-Wv
Fsmpw {Kln-p-I-bn-. Ahv Ip-I-fpv AXp-sImv Jp-B\ns Bibw
ImWp-I-bn-. Ahv ImXp-I-fp-v, Ah-sImv Jp-Bs Bibw tIp-I-bn-.
Aq- IpIm-en-Isf t]mse-bm-Wv, A AXn-tesd hgn-]n-g--h-cm-Wv. I-lv^v: 100101, hn[n-Zn-hkw \ntj-[n-I-fpsS ASp-tv \c-I-Ip-WvTw ASp-n-p--XmWv. Ah
Cl-tem-I-p-shv Jp-B\ns BibtmSv In-s\mcp aqSn-bp-m-bn-cp--h-cpw, JpB-\ns Bibw tIm km[n-m--h-cp-am-bn-cpp Fp-]-d-bp-p. Bdm-as
C{nb-amb Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-tmSv, Cl-tem-Iv In\v aqSn-bp-m-bn-cp--h- ]ctem-Isp-tm Ah-cpsS Inta-ep aqSn Zqco-I-cn-p-Xpw, Ct-Zn\w \o
Fmw XoW-ambn ImWpXmWv Fp]d-bpXpam-Wv Fv Jm^v: 22- ap-dnbnv \In-bn-p-v. Xzmlm: 124-126 kq--fn, BcmtWm Jp-B-\ns Bi-bs
Ah-K-Wnv Pohn--Xv, Ahv IpSp-mb Pohn-X-am-Wp--Xv. hn[n-Zn-hkw Ahs\ A\mbn ]p\Po-hn-nv Hcp-an-p-Iq-p--Xm-Wv. Av Ah tNmZnpw: Fs \mYm, FmWv Fs \o A-\mbn ]p\Pohn-n-Xv? F\nv sFlnI PohnXn In\v
ImgvN-bp-m-bn-cp--tm. Atm- Amlp ]dbpw: A{]-Imcw \n\v \p-sS kq hp-In-n-bn-cp-p. \o AXns\ hnkva-cn-p, AXp-t]mse Ct-Zn\w \obpw hnkvacn--s-n-cn-p-I-bm-Wv. Ckvdm-Av: 97-98, Bsc-bmtWm Amlp kamK-n-em-nb-Xv, Atm Ah am{X-amWv kamK-n-em-bXv. BscbmtWm Amlp hgn-tI-Snemn-b-Xv, Atm Ah-s\-q-SmsX Ahv klm-bn-I-sfbpw kwc--Is\bpw \o
Hcn-epw Is-p-I-bn-, hn[n-Zn-h-k-\m-fn Acpw Duacpw _[n-c-cp-ambn apJw
Ipnb \ne-bn Ahsc \mw Hcp-an-p-Iq-pw. Ah-cpsS kt-Xw \cI-Ip-WvT-am-Wv,
Fm Hmtcm {]mh-iyhpw AXnse Xo ASp-tmsgmw \mw AhXns\ Bfn-n-p--XpamWv. Ah-cpsS ktXw \cIw Xs-bm-Wv. AXv Ah \psS kqsf aqSn-shv Xn--d-XpsImpw, acnv Fpw ]pp-ambn Ign-m, R
]pXp-Xmbn krn--s-Sptam Fv tNmZn-n-cp--h-cm-bXpsImpamWv. Ckvdm-Av: 72, BcmtWm Jp-B\ns Bi-b-tmSv Cl-n AX \Sn--Xv, Ah ]cn
IqSp-X A-cpw, hgn-]n-g
- h
- c
- p-am-bn-cnpw Fp-]d
-
n-p-v. A^m: 22- Amlp
]d-bpp: \nbw Am-lp-hn-s ] Poh-Pm-e--fnshv Ghpw Xn-tb-dn-b-h
_pn-bp-]t- bm-Knv Nnn-m _[n-cc
- pw Dua-Ifpamb a\p-jy-cm-Ip-p. A-Bw: 2526
Amlp ]d-bpp: Ah-cn Nne \ns tIp--h-cp-v, Fm \mw Ah-cpsS
lrZ-b--fn Jp-B a\-n-em-Im-Xn-cn-m Hcp aqSn-bn-n-cn-p-p. Ah-cpsS sNhnIfnepw Hc-S-p-v. GXv Zrmw Imepw Ah-c-Xn hniz-kn-p-I-bn-. Ccw \ntj[n-I \ns ASp-tv hm, Cu Jp-B ]qn-I-cpsS ]gp-cm-W-a-msX asmp-a FmWv ]-d-bpI. Ah Jp-B\ns\smv P\--sf-bpw, Ah-scXsbpw
XS-bp-p. AXp-hgn Ah kzs XsbmsX \in-n-p-n-, Fm AX-h
Xncn--dn-bp-n-. (A^m: 55, \lv: 107-108, Ckvdm-Av: 45-46, Ilv^v: 57, Jm^v: 22,
ap\m-^n-Jq: 34 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I)
8.
R Am- l p- h n- s \- s mpw ]c- t em- I - s - s mpw hniz- k np

Fp]d-bp Bfp-I P\-f
- n-epv; Fm Ah hniz-mkn-If-X
- s.
A_-Jd (2)
101
Cs `qcn-] apkvenw-I-fpsS Ah--bmWv Cu Bbv hc-p-Im-Wn-p-

Xv. R Jp-B ]Tn-p-Ibpw ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNptm Fv DuwsImp- Ch Im^ndpIfpw \c-I-ns hnd-IpIfp-am-sWv BenCw-dm: 10s hni-Zo-I-cW-n \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-pv.
R hniz-kn-n-cn-p-p Fp]d _Zp Ad-_n-ItfmSv: \n hniz-kn-nn-, Fm apkvenfm-sWv \n ]d-p-sIm-p-I, \n-fpsS lrZ-b-n-tep
hnizmkw {]th-in-n-n-m-sb-n-cns Fv ]dbm\mWv \_n-tbmSv lp-P-dm-v: 14
Amlp Iev]n-n-p--Xv. Hm {]hm-N-I-tc, hmbsImv R hniz-kn-n-cn-pp
Fp-]d
- b
- p-Ib
- pw, Fm lrZ-b
- n hniz-kn-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-, \ntj-[
- n
HmSn\S-p I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fp-sS-bpw PqXam-cp-sSbpw {]h-\- \ns Zp:Jnnt--Xn Fv amCZ: 41- \_nsb hnfn-v Amlp ]-d-bpp.
9.
Am-lp-hn-s\bpw hnizm-kn-I-sfbpamWv Ah hn-p--Xv, Fm

bYm-n Ah Ah-sc--s-b-msX hn-p-n-, Fm
AXh Xncn--dn-bp-n
I]-S-hn-izmknI Am-lp-hn-sbpw hnizm-knI-fp-sSbpw i{Xp--fm-sWv ap-\m^n-Jq: 4 ]d-n-p-v. Am-lp-hn-s\- `b-s-Sp-Xn\p]Icw, Ah hnizm-knI-sfbmWv `b-s-Sp--Xv, Pohn-X-eyw {Kln-m Hcp P\-X-bm-b-Xp-sImmWXv Fv
liv: 13 ]d-n-p-v. hnizm-kn-I Am-lp-hn-s\bpw dkq-en-s\bpw apAvan\o-sfbpw am{X-amWv A`-bambpw kwc-I-cmbpw sXsc-s-Sp-t--Xv. Xu_: 16,
Amlp hnizm-kn-ItfmSv tNmZn-p-p: \n-fn\nv PnlmZp sNp--h BcmsWpw, Am-lp-hn-s\bpw Ahs dkq-en-s\bpw apAvan\o--sfbpamsX am-scbpw
A`bw\Ip--hcpw kwc--I-cp-ambn sXsc-s-Sp-m-Xncn-p-h BcmsWpw Xncn-dn-n-n- F-n-cn-s \nsfbv shdpsX -hn-tp-sav Icp-Xpp-thm?. Xu_:
23- hnizmkn-Isf hnfnv Amlp ]d-bpp: \n-fpsS ]nXm-fpw ktlm-Z-c-fpw
hnizm-k-tm \ntj-[-amWv C-s-Sp--sX-n Ahsc IqpImcpw klm-bn-I-fpambn sXsc-s-Sp--cp-Xv, \n-fn Bsc-nepw Ahsc sXsc-s-Sp-m Atm
Aq- Xs-bmWv A{I-an-I. Bmhv ]s-Sp-msX ico-cw-sIm-v am{X-am-bncnpw Ah-cpsS {]h-\-. AXpImcWw Ah-cpsS icocw \msf Ahs-Xncmbn kmywhln-p--Xm-Wv. Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n Am-lp-hn-s\bpw Ahchscbpw Xncn--dn-Xn\p-tijw aqSn-sh sXmSnI-fmWv Ah-scv _Jd: 99 ]dn-p-v. Jp-B\ns\ aqSn-sh--h h[n--s-n-cn-p-p Fv A_k: 17epw ]dn-p-v.
10.
Ah-cpsS lrZ-b--fn (Im]-Sy-am-Ip) Hcp tcmK-apv. Atm Amlp- Ah-cpsS tcmKs A[n-I-cn-n-p-p. Ah Iw ]d-p-sIm-ncnp--Xn-\m Ahv thZ-\m-P-\-I-amb in-bp-apv.
ap\m-^n-Jq: 1, I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I \ns ASp-p-h-m Ah ]dbpw: \nbw

Xm Am-lp-hns dkq-em-sWv R kmywhln-p-p. \nbw \o A-
102
JpB\ns Bmhv
hs dkq-em-sW-v Am-lp-hn-\-dn-bmw. \nbw ap\m-^n-Jp-I Iw ]d-bp--h-

Xs-bm-sWv Amlp kmywhln-p-p. Xu_: 107 Ah-km-\n-p-Xpw "\nbw
Ah (I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I) Iw-]-d-bp--h Xs-bmWv'F Bi-b-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bmWv. Hcp \mn-tev \ntbm-Kn--s aqv {]hm-N-Iam-tcmSpw B \mnse \ntj-[n-I:
Amlp bmsXmpw Cd-n-bn-n-, \n Ifh-msX ]d-bp-n- Fp]-dv Ahsc
\ntj-[n--Xmbn bmko: 15- ]d-n-p-v. AI-_q-v: 11-12, Ccw I]-S-hn-izmkn-I-fmb \ntj-[n-I P\--tfmSv ]dbpw: \n R-fpsS amKw ]n]-p-I, \nfpsS ]m]-`m-c--sfmw R hln-p-sIm-mw. Fmeh P\--fpsS ]m]-`m-c-fn\nv Hpw Xs hln-p-I-bn-. \nbw Ah Iw]d-bp--h Xs-bm-Wv.
A; Ah-cpsS ]m]-`m-c-tm-sSmw Ah hgn-]n-gn P\--fpsS ]m]-`mcwIqSn hlnp-I-bpw, Ah Iw sIn--a--Xns\pdnv tNmZyw sN-s-Sp-Ibpw sNp--Xm-Wv
(\lv: 24-25 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). \_n (-k) ]Tn-np: kwkm-cn-m Iw ]d-bpI, hnizkn-m hn-p-I, Icm sNbvXm ewLn-p-I XpS-n-bh ap\m-^n-Jns {]Xy-amb eWfmWv. Jp-B\ns Bmhv Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-am-sWn-cns, JpB-\ns icocw Xnp-I-hgn ]pWyw e`n-p-sav ]dv km[m-cW P\-sf hnv
Ahsc \c-I-n-tev ]nSn-p-h-en-p-sIm-p-t]m-Ip, Jp-B-\ns Bibw Adn-nv
]n]-m, Al-X-bn-msX ]nX-scv Al--cn-p a\p-jy-]n-im-Np--fmW-h
(AAv-dm^v: 146147 t\mpI).
Ch-sc-p-dn-mWv \_n(-k) ]Tn-n-Xv: ""Ah-cpsS ]n-X-m BIm-i-n\p
Xmsg-bp Poh-Pm-e--fnshv Ghpw Xn-tb-dnbhcmWv'' Fv. Ch Xs-bm-Wv
A^m: 22-, ]cm-ain DuaI. ^mnl: 7 ]d tIm]n--s--h-cpw, i]n-s--hcpw Ch Xs-bm-Wv. (An-km-Av: 91, Xu_: 123, lv: 53, A-lvkm-_v: 60Iqn-hm-bn-p-I) Bmhns tcmK-amb Im]Syw \on-I-f-bm\pw hnizmkw hn-n-phm-\p-ap GI-a-cpv Jp-B\ns Bi-bw am{X-amWv (A^m: 4)
11.
`qan-bn \mi-ap-m-m-Xn-cn-pI Fv Ah-tcmSv ]d-b-s-m, Ah

]dbpw: \nbw R kpIrXw {]hn-ph Xsbm-Ip-p.
12.
Adn-ncnpI, \nbw AhX-s-bmWv \mi-Im-cn-I; Fm AhcXv Xncn--dn-bp-n-.
`qan-bn \miw hnXm-Xn-cn-m\pw, Xn-Ifpw c-sm-cn-n-ep-Ifpw Cm-Xmn

kam-[m-\-hpw sFIyhpw ]pem-\pap GI -D]m-[nbmb Jp-B-\ns Bibw Adnnv AXv bYm cq]n D]-tbm-Kn-msX AXns hn[n-hn-e-p-Iv hncp-amsbmcp PohnXw a\p-jyv ImWnpsImSp-p-h-cm-W-h. A{]-Imcw Jp-B-\ns
Bibw aqSn-shv X-fpsS hb-dp-I-fn Xo \nd-p--h-cm-W-h. Ah \c-Issmv
F{X am-ep--fm-Wv FmWv _Jd: 174,175- Amlp tNmZn-p--Xv. PpapA: 5,
Jp-B hln-p Igp-X-tbm-Spw, AAvdm^v: 176- ]n-tbmSpw D]-an A{I-an-Ifpw
sXm-SnIfp-amb Ccw I]-S-hn-izmknIfmWv `qan-bn Bcv \mi-ap-m-n-bmepw, cw
Nnn-bm-epw \oXn-am-\mb DS-a-bpsS apn AXns ]m]-`mcw hln-tnhcnI.
_Jd: 159-161, Jp-B aqSn-shp \ntj-[
- n-\p-ta \ntj-[n-If
- mbn acn Ccw
A_-Jd (2)
103
Ip^v^m-dp-I-fp-sS-ta Am-lp-hn-sbpw Ahs ae-p-I-fp-sSbpw samw a\p-jy-cpsSbpw im]-ap-sp ]d-n-p-v. (B-en-Cw-dm: 86-91 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I) H- ap-Avan\pan-msX Fm a\p-jycpw B{I-an-Ifpw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifpambn amdptm-gmWv temIw
Ah-km-\n-p-Xv (A-Bw: 47, A-lvJm-^v: 35) `qan-bn \miw hnX-p-Xpw cw
Nnp-Xpw Cm-Xm-m-\p GIacpv JpB\ns Bi-b-am-Wv. AXv kzbw D]tbm-Kn-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw ap--hv D]-tbm-Kn-m \Im-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw hgn ap--hcpsS ]m]-`mcwIqSn hlnv Ah Ahsc Xs-bmWv \in-n-p--Xv. Fm Ah-cXv
Xncn--dn-bp-n-msbv A-Bw: 26 ]d-n-p-v (A-Avdm^v: 56,170 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I)
13.
P\- hniz-kn--Xp-t]mse \nfpw hniz-kn-pIsbv Ah-tcmSv ]db-sm Ah tNmZnpw: B hnUvVn-I-fmb aqV-m hniz-kn--Xpt]mse R hniz-kn-p-Itbm? Adn-n-cn-pI; \nbw AhX-sbmWv hnUvVn I, ]t Ah-cXv Adnbp-n-.
]co--W-n\v hnt[-b-am-Iphcpw ùXn-I-Po-hnX hn`-h- Ipd--h-cp-am-bncnpw Fm Imepap hnizm-kn-I. Ah ]c-tem-I-n\v apK-W\ \Ip-hcpambn-cn-pw. Pohn-m ]Tn-m aqV-m-sc-mWv I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I Ah-sc-pdnv Btcm-]n-p-I. Ccw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I ]nip--mcpw Xn I]n-p--hcpw
\ XS-bp--hcpw Am-lp-hns\ adv ]nim-Nns\ klm-bn-p a\p-jy-n-im-Np-fpam-bncn-pw. Ah X-s-bmWv \mi-Im-cn-I (ABw: 112, Xu_:67 Iqn-hm-bn-pI) Ah ]c-a-Im-cpWn-Is dlvam- (\n-jv]--hm) F kzn^v AwKo-I-cn-mh-cpamWv. temIv kw`-hnp Fm kw`-h-fpw t\cs \n-bn-n-p-Xpw Hcp
{K-n tcJ-s-Sp-n-bnp-Xp-amWv (bp-\pkv: 61, k_-Av: 3, lZoZv: 22). hnizm-knIfpw I]-S-hn-izmknIfpw B-cmsWv Am-lp-hn-\-dn-bm-thnbmWnsXv AI_qv: 11-epw, DlvZv bpw kw`-hn-n--Xv, hnizm-kn-I Bcm-sWpw I]-S-hn-izm-knI
BcmsWpw thXn-cn-m- thnbmsWv Ben-Cw-dm: 166-167epw ]d-n-pv.
Amlp {XnIm-e-m-\n-bm-sWn-cns Am-lp-hn\v Adn-bmthn Fp]d-Xns hnh-, Am-lp-hns {]Xn-\n-[n-If
- mb hnizm-kn-Iv Xncn-d
- n-bmthn FmWv.
kXy-n-em-bXpsImv Am-lp A\p-{K-lnp \In-b-XmWv Ah-cpsS kpw
{]Xm-]-hp-sa-mw FmWv I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I Icp-Xp--Xv. Fm Ah-cpsS kpw
km\--fpw aptJ\ Ahsc inn-m-\mWv Dt-in-p--sXv Xu_: 55,85 kqfn Amlp ]dnpv. AAvdm^v: 48-49, \c-I-m-scbpw kzK-m-scbpw
Xncn--dn-bp AAvdm^p-Im \msf (hn-[n-Zn-h-kw), Ccw ap\m-^n-Jp-I-tfmSv: \nfpsS Cl-tem-I-nse kwL-_-ehpw Al-m-c-hp-sampw \nv D]-Im-c-s-n-tm, Am-lp hns ImcpWyw kv]in-n-tbn Fv \n ]dncp hnizm-knI-tfmSv Cv kzKn {]th-in-p-sIm-p-I Fp]d-bp-Ibpw sNbvXncn-pphtm
Fp]d-bp-p-v. (^mnl: 2,7 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I)
4.
hnizm-kn-Isf Ip-ap-ptm Ah ]dbpw: R hniz-kn-n-cn-pp

Fm Ah-cpsS ssizm-m-cp-ambn (Iq-p-Im-cp-am-bn) X\n-m-bn-cn-ptm Ah ]dbpw: \nbw R \n-tfm-sSmamWv, \nbw R
104
JpB\ns Bmhv
Ahsc ]cn-l-kn-pI am{XamWv sNp--Xv.

Ah-k-c-hm-Zn-I-fmb Ccw I]ShnizmknI, hnizm-kn-IfpsS kmao]yn
hnizmkw {]I-Sn-n-p--hcpw hnizm-kn-I-sftmse \a-kvImcw, t\mv, lv XpS-nb
I- {]hn-p--hcpamWv. Fm, Ah Am-lp-hns\ kvacn-m--hcpw
Am-lp-hns apn Dcw ]d-b-W-sa t_m[-an-msX ap P\--sf-qSn \c-In-tev Wn-phcpw, Jp-B\ns Bibsamw ]Tnv ]qn-bm-b-h-cm-sW
Al-m-c
- n \ne-sIm-p-h
- c
- p-amWv. thZ-\\
- m-P\
- I
- a
- mb in-bmWv Amlp Ahv
ktm-j-hmbmbn A-dn-bn-n-p--Xv. (ep-Jvam: 5,6, ap\m-^n-Jq: 5,6 Iqn-hm-bn-pI).
\_n(-k) ]Tn-np: Fs kap-Zm-b-ns A[nI ap\m-^n-Jp-Ifpw (I]-S-hn-izmkn-Ifpw) Jp-B HmXp--h-cm-bn-cn-pw. Jp-B HmXp ap\m-^n-Jp-I-sf ssdlm-\n (Mint)-t\m-SmWv \_n(-k) D]-an--Xv. AYhm AXns cpNn Ibv]pw, hmk\ BIjIhp-am-Wv. Jp-B HmXm ap\m-^n-Jns\ B--tbmSmWv D]-an-n-cn-p-Xv (AXns cpNnbpw hmk-\bpw Ibvt-dn-b-Xm-Wv) ap\m-^n-Jp-I amen-\y-am-sWv Xu_: 95epw, Jp-B ap\m-^n-Jp-Iv amen-\y-a-msX hn-n-p-I-bn-m sbv 125epw ]dn-p-v. ^pJm: 29, Ccw B{I-an-I Rm C-bn Bfp-Isf t\Xmam-cmbn sXsc-s-Sp-n-n-m-bn-cp-s-n F{X \mbncp-t-s\, Ah-cm-Wtm
Jp- B \ns Bibw hp- I n- n- b - X n- \ p- t ijw Fs AXn\npw XS- - X v
Fp]dp hne-]n-p cwKw ]d-bp-p-v.
Cu kq-n ]d Ah-cpsS ssizmam I]-S-t\-Xm-am-cmb a\p-jy]n-im-Np--fmWv. Ah Jp-B\ns Bibw Adn-nv ]n]-m--hcpw A\p-bm-bnIsf AXn\nv XS-bp--h-cp-am-Wv. Ah hnNm-c-W-bn-msX \c-I-ns ASn-ntev t]mIp-h-cpamWv (A-n-km-Av: 145) Ccw ap\m-^n-Jp-Ifpw ^mPn-dp-Ifpw
IqSn-b-XmWv apPvcnao- (A-Bw: 55, A-Avdm^v: 40, bq\p-kv: 17, kPZ: 22, kpJvdp-^v: 7478 Iqn-hm-bn-pI). ^mnl: 7 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
15.
Amlp Ahsc ]cn-l-kn-p-Ibpw Ah-cpsS AXn-{I-a-n ey-t_m[-an-msX A-ambn BSn-bp-ev hnl-cn-m hnn-cn-p-I-bp-am-Wv.
Ah Ddw \Sn-p--hcpw Fmw Adn-nv aqSn-h-bvp--hcpw ]nimNn\m

]n]shcpw ey-t_m-[w -\--s--hcpw `qan-bpsS Ae-m-c--fn ap ]nSn-hcpw tZtl ]n]n Pohn-p Zp\nbm-hns ]n-If
- p-amWv. (A-Ad
v- m^v: 175176 t\mpI)
Ah P\--tfmSv \ I]n-p-h-cpw, kzw Imcy-n AXv ad-p-sImv Pohnp--hcpw Jp-B Xnem-hv sNp--hcpw _pn D]-tbm-Knv Nnn-m--h-cp-am-Wv
(_-Jd: 44). AAvdm^v: 185, Atm Cu h-am-\-n-\p-(Jp-B)tijw GsXmcp
h-am-\-n-emWv Ah hniz-kn-m t]mIp--sXv tNmZn-n-v, 186- Amlp
Hcmsf hgn-]n-g-n-m Ahs\ kamKnemp--h- B-cp-an-, Ahs\ Ahs
[nm-c-nepw AXn-{I-a-nepw hnl-cn-m hnn-cn-p-I-bm-sWpw ]d-bp-p. Jp-B\ns Bibw apdp-sI-n-Sn--h kmK-nepw Am--h ZpamK-n-ep-am-sWv
hnh-. \njv]--hm-\mb Amlp Hcm-sfbpw kmK-n-tetm ZpamK-n-tetm
Bp-n- Fv kmcw. (A-Avdm^v: 182-183 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). \_-Av: 21-22, \nbw
A_-Jd (2)
105
AXn-{I-a-Im-cn-Iv ]mn-S-ambn \c-I-IpWvTw ASp-n-pIXs sNp-sa-pw, 27-28,

Ah hnNm-cW {]Xo-n-m--h-cpw, \psS kq- ASn-Sn If-hm-n Xn-dbp-hcpambn-cp--Xn-\m-emWXv Fpw ]d-n-p-v.
16.
Aq- - c mWv kmKn\p]Icw ZpamKw (h- g n--t I- S v ) hmn- b - h .

Atm AhcpsS I-hSw F{X \Icw! Ah kamKw D]-tbm-K-sSp-p- kmKn-I B-bn.
Bsc-nepw Jp-B-\n\nv kmKw tXSmsX av Fhn-sS-\n-s-nepw tXSn-bm Ahsc Jp-B-\ns hgn-bn\nv (lp-Zbn\nv) ]nn-cn-np If-bpsav \_n(k) ]Tn-n-p. kmKw Fs-m-aptm AsXmw hni-Zo-I-cn {K-amWv ^pJm\mb Jp-B. (_-Jd:185). ^mXzn: 29, Amlp ]d-bp-p: \n-b-am-bpw Am-lphns {Kw Xnem-hp sNp-Ibpw \a-kvImcw \ne-\np-Ibpw Ahp \mw \Inbn-pXv cl-ky-am-bnpw ]c-ky-am-bnpw sNe-h-gn-p-Ibpw sNp--h \-s-Sm-smcp
I-h-S-n-em-Ip-p (kz-^v^v: 10-11 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Cv Jp-B\ns Bibw ]Tnepw ]Tn-n-ep-amWv PnlmZv (^pJm: 52). ^mnl: 5 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
17.
AhcpsS D]a Xo sImfp-n-b- Hcph-s\-tm-se-bmWv. Ah Xo sImfpn.

As\ AXns {]Imiw Npp-`m-Khpw ]S-tm Amlp Ah-cpsS
{]Imiw FSp-p-I-fp. Ahsc Hpw ImWmIgnbm DmgvN
Cmhcmbn A-Im-c-fn hnSp-Ibpw sNbvXp.
18.
Ah tIhn \-s _[n-c-cpw, kwkm-cn-m Ign-bm Dua-Ifpw,

ImWm Ign-bm Ipcp-Sm-cp-am-Wv. Atm C\n Ah (bYm hgnbn-tev) Xncn-p-h-cnI-bn-.
A-Im-c-n Ign-bp Hcp P\-Xbvv Hcp sagp-Ip-Xncn InpIbpw AXns

shfnw ]Scp-tm AXv AWbpIbpw sNbvXm Ahv BZyw Ccp-n-ep-m-bn-cp
ImgvN-t]mepw Dm-hp-I-bn- F-Xp-t]mse Cu I]-S-hn-izmknIv Jp-B-\m-Ip
{]Imiw hp-In-n-b-tm AXh D]-tbm-Kn-msX, ap--hsc AXp]-tbm-Kn-m\\ph-ZnmsX, DuXn-s-Sp-m {ian-pIhgn Ah Ahscs IqSp-X Ccp-n-tev
\bn-p-I-bm-Wp-m-b-Xv. Xu_: 32-33, Ah Am-lp-hns {]Im-is (Jp-B-\ns\) DuXn-s-Sp-m Dt-in-p-p, Fm Amlp Ahs {]Im-is ]qo-Icn-msX hnSp-I-bnXs, I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Iv AsX{X Atcm-N-I-am-bn-cp-mepw icn
Fp-]-d-n-pv (ABw: 26, ^p-kzn-ev: 2629, kz^v^v: 78 kq- Iqn-hm-bnpI) Amlp \Inb A\p-{K-l-fmb tIhn, ImgvN, _pn-in Fnh Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n-eqsS Am-lp-hns\ Is-m\pw Ah-cpsS Pohn-X-eyw kmmXvI-cnv kzK-ntep--Xs Xncn-p-t]m-Im\pw D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-m-Xn\m Ah-cpsS
aSw \c-I-n-te-m-Wv. Ah-cn\n kXy-n-tev aS-n-h-cn-. ap\m-^n-Jp-Iv JpB- \ ns Bibw Adn- npw D]- I m- c - s - S p- I - b n- . Ahs- X n- c mbn Jp- B
kmn\npIbpw hmZn-p-Ibpw sNpw. \n-b-am-bnpw tIhn, ImgvN, _pn-i-
106
JpB\ns Bmhv
n- XpS-nb Fm A\p-{K-l-sfpdnpw tNmZyw sN-s-Sp-sap Ckvdm-Av: 36

]d-n-p-v. (A-Im-kp: 8 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). hn[n-Zn-hkw Am-lp-hns i{Xp-fmb Ccw \ntj-[n-Iv X-fpsS tIhn-bpw, ImgvN-bpw, sXmen-bp-samw FXncmbn kmyw hln-p-sap ^pkzn-ev: 19-24 apdnbnv \Inbn-p-v. (_Jd:
67 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.)
19.
As-n Ah-cpsS D]a, BIm-i-p-\nv t]amcn hjn-pp, AtXmsSmw Iqcn-cppw CSnbpw CSnhm-fpapv. CSn-sh-n-\m ac-W-`bw ]qv
Ah Ah-cpsS sNhn-I-fn hnc Xncp-Ip-p. Amlp Ccw [nm-cnI-fmb Im^n-dp-Isf hebw sNbvXh Xs-bpam-Ip-p.
20.
ann-W Ah-cpsS Zrn-Isf dmn-sb-Sp-hap-Xm-Wv.

annWhgn {]Imiw ]cptm-sgmw Ah ImeSn aptmphbvp-Ibpw, an-en-msX Ccpv hym]n-p-tm \n-e-cmbn \np-Ibpw
sNp-p. Amlp Dt-in-n-cp-s-n Ah-cpsS tIhn-bpw ImgvN-Ifpw
Ah FSp-p-I-f-bp-ambncpp; \nbw Amlp Fm Imcyn\pw Ignhp k-i-- Xsbtm.
Amlp-hns {]Im-i-amb Jp-B-\ns Bibw D-cnv Cu I]-S-hn-izmkn-Isf

ap-dn-bnv \Ip-tm, Jp-B-\ns Bibw ]Tn-Ww, ]n]-Ww PohnXw kwkvIcn-Ww F [mc-Wbn-se-p-Ibpw, Fm Jp-B-\ns Bibw tIn-p-Xv
Cm-Xm-bm BZyw \bn-n-cp Pohn-Xs
- -m IqSp-X Ccp-n-tepw \c-I
- n-tepw
IpXn-p-I-bpamWh sNp-I. AmsX Jp-B\ns Bi-b-hp-ambn IqSp-X _sv {]Imiw ]qn-bm-p-Itbm bmsXmcp Al-mchpanmsX kzK-n-tev IpXnWsa \njvI-f--cmb hnizm-kn-IfpsS B{K-l-tfm {]b-Xv\-tfm Ahp-mhp-I-bpan. Xlvcow: 8, hnizm-kn-I Cs\ {]mn-p--XmWv: R-fpsS \mYm,
R- f psS {]Im- i s (Jp- B - \ ns Bi- b - s ) \o ]qn- b m- n- - t c- W - t a,
Rv \o s]mdp-p-X-tc-W-ta. \nbw \o Fm-Im-cy-n\pw Ign-hp ki-\-tm. Jp-B-\mWv {]Im-i-sav An-km-Av: 174, amCZ: 15, AAvdm^v: 157, Aqd:
52, A-Km-_p: 8 XpS-nb kq--fnsemw ]d-n-p-v. bmko: 66-, \mw Dtin-n-cp-s-n Ah-cpsS Ip-I (ImgvN-I)FSp-p-I-f-bp-am-bn-cpp, As\ Ah
hgn-Xn--S-bp--Xm-Wv, Atm Ah Fs\ ImWm-\mWv! Fpw, 67-, \mw Dtin-n-cp-s-n Ahsc Hcpm\v Dd-np \np-am-bn-cpp, Atm Ahv
aptmtm ]ntmtm \S-m Ign-bn- Fpw Amlp ]dbp-pv. CSn-hm-tfv acnv
kvX_v[\mbn \np- Hcmsf asm-cm kv]inm-emWv Xmsghogp-I. hnizm-knI
Ftmgpw "Amlv' F kvac-W-bn \ne-\np--hcmbXn-\m CSn, an XpSnb hn]p-I-fn-sempw `b-an-m--h-cpw, XfpsS ssII Hcp-n-sh-p-Xv ]ctem-I-t-p km-Zy-am-b- kzK-am-b-Xn-\m acn-m `b-an-m--h-cp-am-bn-cn-pw.
Ah Jp-B-\ns Bi-amb _kzm-C (A-Bw: 104) D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p--h-cpam-Wv.
(A^m: 24, bmko: 89 Iqn-hm-bnpI). Amlp Ccw [nm-cn-I-fmb Im^ndp-Isf hebwsNbvXh Xs-bm-Ip-p F-Xns hnh-, Ah-cn\n hniz-kn-p-I-bn, Amlp Ahsc sImp-I-f-n-cn-p-p, Ah hnNm-c-W-bn-msX \c-I-n t]mIp-
A_-Jd (2)
107
-h-cp-amWv Fm-Wv. _Jd: 67,99 hniZoI-cWw t\mp-I.

21.
Hm a\p-jytc! \n \n-sfbpw, \n-fpsS apv Ign-p-t]m-b-h-scbpw

krn \n-fpsS DS-a-pthn am{Xw Pohn-p-I. \n Ahs\ lrZb-n kqnv kqva-X-bph-cmIp--Xn\pthn.
_Jd: 63,179,183, A-Bw: 153, AAvdm^v: 171 XpS-nb kq--sfmw Ah-km-\np-Xv, \n kqva-X-bp--h-cmhpIXs thW-saXn-\p-thn F Bi-b-nem-Wv. Jp-B-\ns Bi-bw-sImv Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-b-n kqn-p--h-cmWv
ap-Jo-. Ah Am-lp-hn\pthn am{Xw Pohn-p Ahs {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fp-amWv. ^mnl: 4, _Jd: 2 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
22.
\np-thn `qansb hncn-mn(sa)cn-Ibpw BIm-is taemmbn kwhn-[m-\n-p-Ibpw BIm-i

- p-\nv shw hjn-nv AXpaptJ\
(\m\m-Xcw) ImbvI-\n-Ifpw ]g-hKfpw (FmXcw) `-W-hn-`-h-fpw
]pd-s-Sphnv X-h-\pamb dn\pthn (Pohn-p-I) Atm \n
(Cu dns\pdnv) Adn-hp-h
- c
- m-bn-cns Am-lp-hn\v ]I-c
- msc (kam-sc) Dm--cpXv.
samw a\p-jy-sc-bmWv Cu Bb-n-eqsS Amlp A`n-kw-t_m-[\w sNp-Xv. PohnXw apgp-h {km-hn\v kanv Ahs {]Xn\n[nbmbn Pohn-m-\mWv a\pjys\ `qan-bn \ntbm-Kn-np--Xv. ]t, hnizm-kn-I am{Xta B Iev]\ kzoI-cnp-Ibp-q. samw a\p-jyv Cu ktiw Fn-p-sIm-Sp-m hnizm-kn-IsfbmWv
Amlp G]n-n-p--Xv. Jp-B Inn-bnv kzbw ]n]-m-Xn-cn-p-I-bpw, ap--hv
Fn-p-sIm-Sp-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp--h Am-lp-hns\ ad--h-cpw, ]nim-Nns {]Xn\n-[n-I-fp-am-Wv. Ah-cpsS Pnv Iqp-Im-c ]nim-Nm-Wv. ]nimNv {]IrXn Pohn-X-n
ambw tNv hnhn[ BNm-c--fpw A\p-jvTm-\-fpw sImm-Sm a\p-jysc t{]cn-np-p. \a-kvIm-c-n XIv_o-d-p Clvdm-an\ptijw "Amlv' F kvacW CmXn-cp-m \a-kvImcw ]nim-Nn-\p--Xmbn amdpw. Acw \a-kvIm-c-mmWv \c-Inse "hbv' F sNcpshv A amDu: 4,5 apdn-bnv \In-bn-pv. PohnXw
apgp-h Am-lp-hnmn-om samw Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n Am-lp-hnep hnizmkw cq]-s-Sp-n, Jp-B-\ns hn[n-hn-e-p-I ]n]-p-I- Xs thWw.
(_-Jd: 186, Ad-AZv: 18, C_vdmlnw: 22 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Am-lphns A[n-Im-cm-h-Imi--fn Ahs Xs apkrn-Isf ]ptNp--hcpw (t\ hgn-]m-Sp-I Amlp-hn\p thn-b
- msX \S-p-h
- ), Am-lp-hntev ASp-n-p-X
- n-\p-thn ip]mim-scbpw CS-bm-f-m-scbpw m]n-p--hcpw, ssizm\v C_m-Zv sNp--h-cpamWv.
A-m-lp-hn\msX t\ hgn-]m-Smbn \on-sh `W km[-\- ]n -amwkstmseXs amen-\yhpw Im]-Sy-apfhm-p--Xp-amsWv amCZ: 3-epw, ABw:
145epw Amlp ]d-n-p-v. Npcp-
- n hnizmkn-I Am-lp-hns kwL-mcmWv.
Ahsc Ah CcppIfn\nv {]Im-i-n-tev (Jp-B-\ns, A-m-lp-hn-s, hgn-bnte-v) ]pd-s-Sp-hn-p--Xp-am-Wv. \ntj-[n-I-fm-hs Ah ssizms kwL-mcpw
Ah-cpsS tXmg-m XmKq-pI-fp-am-Wv. Ahsc Ah {]Im-i-n\nv Ccp-p-I-fntev ]pd-s-Sp-hn-p--Xp-am-Wv. Ah \c-I-ns kl-hmkn-Ifpw AhcXn imiz-X-
JpB\ns Bmhv
108
cp-am-bn-cn-pw. (_-Jd: 257). ^mnl: 4,5 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.

23.
\psS ASnabpsS (ap-l--Zns)ta \mw Cd-n-b-Xn \n kwi-bmep-f

- m-sW-n, AXp-t]m-ep Hcp kqdv \n sImp-hc
- n-I; \n
Am-lp-hn-s\-q-SmsXbp \n-fpsS klm-bn-I-sfbpw hnfn-p-sIm-pI; \n kXyw ]d-bp--h-cm-sW-n.
bq\pkv: 38- CtX shp-hnfn Amlp Bhn-p-p. Jp-B-\n 114 kqd-pIfpv. AXp-t]m-ep Hv -sImp-h-cm- Amlp Ay-\mhsc-bp--h-sc shp-hnfn-p-IbmWv. lqZv: 13- AXp-t]m-ep 10 kqd-p-I sIn--a-p-m-n-sm-p-hcm shp-hn-fn-bmbn Bh-iy-s-n-cn-p-p. a\p-jycpw Pnp-Ifpw apgp-h\pw Hcp-an-pIqSn ]c-kv]cw klm-bn-mt]mepw CXp-t]m-ep Hcp Jp-B sImp-h-cm Ahv
km[y-a Fv Ckvdm-Av: 88 Amlp BW-bnp ]d-n-p-v. \n kXy-hm-mcm- s W- n CXp- t ]m- e p Hcp h- a m\w (Jp- B {km- h ns samw
krnIp apJ-]-{X-am-Wv) \n sImp-h-cn-I Fv Azq: 34epw ]d-n-pv. bq\pkv: 38, lqZv: 13, 35, kPZ: 3, AlvJm^v: 8 Fo Av kq-fpw Bcw-`n-pXv AtXm, Cu Jp-B Atlw sIn--a--Xm-sWv \ntj-[nI ]d-bp-pthm?)
Fp tNmZn-p-sIm-m-Wv. Cu shphnfn t\cn-Sp--Xn Ct-hsc Bcpw hnP-bn-n-n. Fgppw hmb-\bpw Adn-bm apl-Zv \_nbneqsS Ah-X-cn Cu Jp-B
Am-lp-hn \np--Xm-sWv kan-p--Xn-\p sXfn-hp-I-fm-Wn-h.
AlmJ: 44-46 Amlp ]d-bp-p: Nne-hm-p-I sIn--av Ah (ap-l-Zv
\_n) \p-tS-Xmbn ]d-bp-I-bm-sW-n \mw Ahs\ heXpssIsImv ]nSn-IqSpIbpw,
\mw Ahs Poh-\mUn apdn-p-I-f-bp-Ibpw sNp-am-bn-cp-p. Atm \n-fn Bpw
Am-lp-hn\np in--sb XS-bm-\m-hn-. (A-Bw: 21,93, AAvdm^v: 37, A^m:
31, bq\p-kv: 94, bqkp-^v: 111 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I)
24.
As\ \n {]hn-pn-sn\n As\ {]hn-p-Ibn XsAtm \n \c-Is kqn-p-sImf-f-pI; AXnse hndIv

a\p-jycpw Ip-I-fp-am-Wv. Im^n-dp-Ipthn AXv Hcp-n-h-n-cn-p-p.
Jp-B samw a\p-jyv {km-hn\n-p amK-Zi\hpw Ah-\n-tev

Fn-s-Sm-\p Sn-p-(``m)am-Wv. Atm AXv hpIn-n-bnv D]-tbm-Ks
- -Sp-m
Hcmpw kzK-n-tev Xncn-p-t]m-Im km[y-a-. (Xlvcow: 6 Iqn-hmbnp-I) kpa:
59, Amlp ]d-bp-p: A, \n\-ss Bb-p-I hp-Inn \o AXp Xn--dp, \o AXnt\mSv Al--cn-p, \o Im^ndpI-fn s]-h Xs-bm-bn-cpp. bmko:
69-70, CsXmcp ZnIvdpw hy-amb Jp-B\pamsX asm-p-a-, Cu Jp-B, Poh-\p-hsc ap-dn-bnv \Ip--Xn-\pw, \ntj-[n-I-fp-sS-ta Am-lp-hns hN\w m]nXam-Ip--Xn\pw thn-bmWv Ah-X-cn-nnp-Xv Fp-]-d-n-p-v. AYhm Hmtcm-cp
cpw \ntj-[n-bm-sWv kzbw kmywhln-msX \oXn-am-\mb Amlp Ahsc
\c-I-n- {]th-innp-I-bn- Fv ABw: 130, AAvdm^v: 37 kq--fn ]d-np-v. lv: 51-, \psS kq-sf ]cm-P-b-s-Sp-mthn HmSn-\-S-p--hcptm, Aq- Xs-bmWv \c-I-n-s kl-hm-kn-I-sfpw, 57, BcmtWm \psS
A_-Jd (2)
109
kq-sf aqSn-sh-p-Ibpw Xn--d-bp-I-bpw sNp--Xv, Aq-v \ny-amb inbm-Wp--Xv Fpw ]d-n-p-v. Npcp--n, Jp-B Inn-bnv AXv aqSn-shh
Im^n-dp-Ifpw \c-I-nse hndIpIfp-am-Wv. Ah \a-kvIm-cw, t\mv, lv XpS-nb
{]hr-n-I sImp\S-p--h-cm-sW-nepw icn. (Ankm-Av: 150-151, amCZ: 10,44,86,
AAvdm^v: 40, Ilv^v: 100-101, kp-a: 32,71, lZo-Zv: 19, A-Km-_p: 10, apIv: 6,11 Iqn-hmbn-p-I).
25.
hniz-kn-p-Ibpw kI- A\p-jvTn-p-Ibpw sNp--hv ktmj-hm Adn-bn-p-Ibpw sNpI; \nbw Ahv Xmgv`m-K--fn-eqsS
\Zn-I-sfm-gp-In-sm-n-cn-p kzKq-tm-p-I-fpv. Fm Hmtcm {]mhiyhpw AXn\np I\n-I Ahv `Wambn- \I-s-Sp-tmgpw
Ah ]dbpw: CXv R apv `n-ns-Xm-W-tm; (b-Ym-n)
AXv Ahv kmZr-iy-am--s-n-cn--bm-Wv; Ah-Xn ]cn-ip--cmb
CW-Ifpw Dm-bn-cnpw; Ah-c-Xn imiz-X-cp-am-Wv.
hnizm-kn-Iv tcmK-ia
- \hpw Imcp-Wy-hp-am-bn-m-Wv Jp-B Cd-s
- -Xv, Fm
A{I- a nIXv \- a - msX hn- n- p- I - b n- (C- k v d m- A v : 82, ^pzn- e v : 44)
kzKnshv Hmtcm {]mh-iyhpw ]c-kv]cw kmZr-iy-ap--Xpw hyXy cpNn-Ifn-epXp-amb hnhn-[-bn\w ]g-hK- `nm \I-p-tm Ah ]dbpw: CXv Ctm Ign--Xm-Wtm; CX-m-Xv sImp-h-cnI (ABw: 99,141 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I) kzKnse CW-Iv B-h-tam av Aip-m-h--Itfm hnky-tfm Dm-bn-cnp--X-. Hcp kzK-n Npcp-n-bXv 12 \Zn-Ifpsv kqd: apl--Zv: 15- \npw
a\-n-em-mw. (Ben-Cw-dm: 133-136, d-AvZv: 22-24,35, bmko: 56, kpa: 73-74, apAvan:8,
Adlvam: 46,48,64,70,72,74, hmJnA: 12-26, Ckm: 522, \_-Av: 31-36 Iqn-hm-bn-pI)
26.
\nbw Amlp sImXp- I n- s \tbm As- n Ah- s b- m aosXbphsbtbm DZm-l-c-W-ambn Ah-X-cn-n-m en-p-I-bn-. Atm
hnizm-kn-I, AXv X-fpsS \mY-\n\n-p kXywX-sbm-sWv a\n-em-pw; Fm \ntj-[n-Itfm, Ah tNmZnpw: Cu D]asImv
Amlp FmWv Dt-in-Xv? Ccw D]-a-sImv [mcmfw t]sc hgn-]n-gn-pp; [mcmfw t]sc kmK-n-ep-am-p-p. Fm sXmSnI
(ap\m-^n-Jp-I) AmsX AXp-sImv hgn-]n-gp-Ibn
27.
Am-lp-hp-ambn sNbvX DS-Sn Ip-ap-nbtijw AXv ewLn-p--hcpw,

Amlp tNm In- _- apdn-p-I-f-bp--hcpw, `qan-bn
\miap-m-p--h-cp-amWh (I]S-hn-izm-knI). Aq-X-s-bm-Wv
\-s--h.
lv: 73- Cu, AI-_qv: 41-- Fp-Imen, \lv: 68 tX\o-, \wev:

18 Ddpv XpS-nb {]mWn-Isf DZm-l-c-W-ambn D]-an-n-cn-p--Xns\ hne-Ip-dpI
Fm Ime-p-ap \ntj[nIp adp-]-Sn-bm-Wn-Xv. BcmtWm Am-lp-hp-ambn
sNbvX DS-Sn Hmn-n--Xn\ptijw ewLn-p-I-bpw, Amlp I]n _-
apdn-p-I-f-bp-I-bpw, `qan-bn \mi-ap-m-p-Ibpw sNbvX-Xv, Ah-cpsS taemWv Am-lp-
110
JpB\ns Bmhv
hns im]-ap--Xv, Ahv Ghpw Zpjn `h-\-hp-am-Wp--Xv (dAvZv: 25-). Cu cp

kq--fnepw "DS-Sn Ip-ap-nbtijw AXv ewLn-pI' Fp]-dXns hnh-,
AAvdm^v: 172-173 {]Imcw Fm-hcpw Am-lp-hp-ambn DS-Sn sNbvXn-psnepw
Amcyw hni-Zo-I-cn-p Jp-B kq- hp-In--b-Xn\ptijw AXns\ Ah-KWnv Pohn-pI FXm-Wv. kpa: 63-, BcmtWm Am-lp-hns kq- aqSn-sh-Xv, Aq- Xs-bmWv \-s--h-scv ]d-n-p-v. _Jd: 99-, sXm-Sn-I-fmsX Am-lp-hns kq- aqSn-sh-p-I-bn Fp-]-d-n-p-v. AAvdm^v: 172173 kq--fn ]cm-ain-p Am-lp-hp-ambn kzKnshv sNbvX DS-Sn
Jp-B-\n-eqsS DWn-bnv AXv ]men-m--h Xs-bmWv ^mkn-Jo-. apv
\in-n--s \mp-Im-cn A[n-I-t]-scbpw DS-Sn ]men-p--h-cmbn \mw Is-nbn-, Ah-cn A[n-I-t]-scbpw DS-Sn ewLn-p sXm-Sn-I-fmbnv Xs-bmWv \mw
Is-n-b-sXv A-Av-dm^v: 102epw ]d-n-p-v. (amCZ: 47,49,59, Xu_: 53,67, bq\pkv: 33, A-q: 55, kPZ: 18, lZo-Zv: 16,26-27, liv: 19, kz^v^v: 5, ap\m-^n-Jq: 6 Iqn-hmbn-p-I)
hnizm-kn-I ]I-ens XpSnepw cm{XnbpsS XpSnepw kn-Zp CkvXnKv^m- {]mn-p-sImv {]kvXpX DS-Sn ]men-t-Xm-Wv. As\-bp-h Ftm
acn-mepw kzK-n {]th-in-p-sav \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v.
Am-lp-th, \obmWv Fs DS-a-bmb dv, \ob-msX Hcp Cem-lp-an-, \obmWv
Fs krn--Xv, Rm \ns ASn-a-bm-Wv, Rm B Hcp DS--Snbnepw hmKvZm\-n-epamWv Ign-bp-{X \ne-sIm-pXv, Rm DXv]m-Zn-n-p Xnsb-smv Rm \ntmSv
Xs A`bw tXSp-p. \ns A\p-{K-l- Fs-ta sNmcn-Xv \ns apn
Rm\nXm Xpd-p-sh-pp (lr-Z-b-n kva-cn-p-I), Fs ]m]-fpw Rm\nXm \ns
apn Xpd-p-sh-p-p. AXp-sImv Fs ]m]-- \o s]mdp-p-X-m-epw, \nbw
\ob-msX ]m]- s]mdpp-h-\nXs.
{]kvXpX DS-Sn kvacn-p-sImv Cu temIv Pohn-m Ahv {]hm-N-Iam
aptJ\ hmKvZm\w sN-s kzKw e`n-pw. {]kvXpX DS--Sn-sb-p-dnv Ay-\m-fn
Fm-hs
- cbpw Hcp-an-p-Iqn hnNm-cW sNp-tm Amlp hopw tNmZn-pIbpw sNpw.
Cu hmKvZm-\-amWv hAvZv. kzKw ap-Jo-v hfsc hnZq-c-a-msX ASpnp-XmsWv Jm^v: 31--epw, CXmWv Bhnmhnv tJZnp aS-pIbpw kn-Zp
CkvXn-Kv^m {]mnpIbpw sNbvXncp Fm Hmtcm-cp--tcmSpw hmKvZw sNbvXncp--Xv Fv 32-epw ]d-n-p-v.
28.
\n F-s\-bmWv Am-lp-hns\ \ntj-[n-p-I? \ntfm acn-- Ahbnembncpp-h-tm? Atm Ah \nsf Pohn-n-p. ]ns Ah
\nsf acn-n-pw. ]ns Ah \n-sf Pohn-n-pw. ]ns Ah-\ntev Xs \n Xncn--b--s-Sp--Xp-am-Ip-p.
AAvdm^v: 172,173 {]Imcw, a\p-jy-scmw (Bmhv) krn--s-Xv kzK-nemWv. ""Rm\-stbm \n-fpsS dv?'' Fv Amlp tNmZn--tm Fm-hcpw "AsX
\mYm, R kmywhln-pp' Fv adp-]Sn ]dp. Cu DS-Sn Hmtcm-cp--
A_-Jd (2)
111
cn\npw hmnbtijw Ahsc BZ-ans apXp-In-tev aS-n. ]ns `qan-bn \Sp-Xv Hm-as P\\amWv. AXp-sIm-mWv Atm \mw \nsf krnp
Fp]d-bmsX Atm \mw \nsf Po-hn-n-p Fp]d--Xv. lv: 66-, Ah\mWv \nsf `q-an-bn Pohn-n-Xv, ]ns Ah \nsf acn-n-p--Xp-amWv, ]ns
Ah \nsf `qan-bn\nv hopw ]p\Po-hn-n-p--Xm-Wv. \nbw a\p-jy \nsI--h Xs-bm-Ip-p Fp]-d-npv. AYhm Jp-B-\ns Bi-bw-sImv {kmhns\ Xncn--dn-v, kzKw ]Wn-bpI F Pohn-X-eyw kmm-XvI-cnpsImv \n{]-I-Sn-n-p--h-\m-Ip-n Fw. apAv-an: 11 \c-I-n-s kao]pshv
\ntj[n-I ]d-bp-- cwKw ap-dn-bnv \In-bn-pv, ""R-fpsS DS-a-bmb \mYm!
Rsf \o cp-{]m-hiyw acnnp; cp {]mhiyw P\n-np; Ctm R RfpsS
Ip- Fmw Xncn--dn-p. C\n Chn-sS-\nv ]pdp-t]m-Im h amKhp-aptm?''
cp{]m-hiyw acn-np Fp]d--Xn, krjvSnv Icm hmnbtijw \nPo-h-cmn
BZ-ans apXp-In kqn-Xv Hmw ac-W-hpw, `qan-bnshv \S-p--Xv cmw ac-Whp-am-Wv. cp-{]m-hiyw P\np Fp-]-d-bp--Xn, Hp `qa-nbnse P\-\hpw, cm-atXv ]c-tem-I-nse ]p\P---hp-am-Wv. AAv-dm^v: 2425 Amlp kzK-n\nv
`qan-bn-tev Ab-p-tm a\p-jy-tcmSv ]d-bp-I-bmWv: ""\n Chn-sS-\npw Hcp-hn`mKw asmcp hn`m-K-n\v i{Xp--fmbnsmv ]pdpt]mhp-I, (I-]-S-hn-izm-kn-I
hnizm-knIfpsS i{Xp--fm-Wv) \nv `qan-bn \nnX Ah[nhsc-bp Xmh-fhpw
`-Wh
- n-`h
-
- fpap-v. AXnemWv (`qan-bn-emWv) \n P\n-t-Xv; AXn-emWv \n
acn-t-Xv; AXn\n-p-Xs \n cm-aXpw ]pd-s-Sp-hn-n--s-Sp-Ibpw sNpw''
(Xzmlm: 55 Iqnhm-bn-pI). \lv: 78- Amlp ]d-bpp: Am-lp-hmWv \n-fpsS
amXm--fpsS hb-dp-I-fn\nv \nsf Hpadn-bm Ah--bn ]pd-p-sIm-p-h-Xv. \nv Ah tIhn-bpw, ImgvN-bpw, _pn-i-nbpw \In\n- \n-bp-h-cm-Ip--Xn\pthn. \n-fpsS amXm--fpsS hb-dp-I-fn hnhn[ L--fnembn
aqv Ccp--d-Ip-n \nsf krn-p. AXmIpp \n-fpsS DS-a-bmb Amlp.
Ah-\mWv cmPm-[n-]-Xyw, Ah-\-msX asmcp Cem-lp-an-. Atm \n Cu Amlp-hn\nv Fhn-tS-mWv ]nn-cn-n--spsImn-cn-p--Xv Fv kpa: 6epw, Ah
\nsf `qan-bn\nv \p-h-fn-b-tm-gpw, \n \n-fpsS amXm--fpsS hb-dn
{`qW-ambn Hfn-hcm-bn-cp--tmgpw Ah \n-sf-p-dnv Gw Adn-bp--h-\m-Wv,
Atm \n kzbw ipo-I-cn-m-Xn-cn-p-I. \n-fn Gw kqva-X-bp--h
Bscv Adn-bp-h\pw AhXs-bmWv Fv \Pvav: 32epw ]d-n-p-v. kzbw
ipo-I-cn-pI Fp-]-m, Am-lp-hns B{i-b-an-msX tZtl ]n]n \nesIm-epw, kzbw XnI--h-\m-sW Al--bn Ncn--ep-am-Wv.
Awkv: 16 kq--fn {]Xy--n ImWp Bdv kw`-h- FSp-p--cn-tijw 710 kq--fn Amlp ]d-bpp: Bm-hns\ cq]-s-Sp-p-Ibpw, Fm
Bm-hn\pw AXns ZpamKhpw kamKhpw \Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp. Atm
BcmtWm Ah-c-hsc ipo-I-cn-Xv (Xn-cn--dn--Xv) Ah hnP-bn-p-I-bpw, BcmtWm
Ah-c-hsc Zpjn-n-Xv (Xn-cn--dn-bm--Xv) Ah ]cm-Pbs-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Fm-h-cpsSbpw \^v-kns\ (B-m-hn-s\) H \^vkn\nmWv krjvSn--sXv An-km-Av: 1,
AAvdm^v: 189, kpa: 6 kq--fn ]d--n-p-v. BZ-ans icocw an\npw
lmsb BZ-ans \^vkn \np-amWv krjvSn-Xv. Cukm \_n-bpsS icocw "Dm-
112
JpB\ns Bmhv
hpI'F-h-N-\-am-Wv (A-n-km-Av: 171). BZw k-Xn-I-fpsS icocw ans Awi-amb

A[-a-amb C{n-bns kn \np-amWv krn-Xv (k-PZ: 79).
29.
Ah X-s-bmWv `qan-bn-ep apgp-h\pw \np-thn krn-Xv.

]ns Ah BIm-itv Xncn-p, As\ Ahsb Ggv BIm-i-fmbn kwhn-[m-\n-p; Ah Fm hkvXp--sfpdn-pa-dn-bp k-m\n-b-tm.
^pJm: 59, kPZ: 4, Jm^v: 38 XpS-nb kq--fn BIm-i-`q-an-Ifpw Ahbvn-S-bn-ep k hkvXp-fpw Bdv \mfp-I-fn-embnmWv krn--Xv Fp]d-bpp.
^pzn-ev: 9 ""cv \mfp-I-fn `qansb krn k-tem-I--fp-sSbpw DS-a-bmb
dn\v ]I-c-msc Dmn \n Ahs\ \ntj[n-p-I-X-s-bmtWm?'' Fp tNmZnp-pv. `qan-bpsS apI-fn ]-X-sf \mn. AXn- Fm hkvXp--sfbpw n]vXamb tXmXn (krn-I-fpsS Hmtcm-cp--cp-sSbpw Xm]-cyhpw Bh-iy-hpw ]cn-KWn-psImv) kwhn-[m-\n-p. CsXmw tNmZn-p--hv adp-]-Sn-bmbn, \mev \mfp-I-fn-emWv
(`qansb kwhn-[m-\n-Xv cp-\mfpI-sImpw, AXn-\v apI-fn-ep--sXmw kwhn-[m-\nXv cp- \ m- f pIsImp- a mWv ) \SsXv ^pznev : 10- epw, ]ns Ah
BImitv Xncn-p, AXv ]pI-bm-bn-cp-p. As\ Ah AXnt\mSpw `qan-tbmSpw
]d-p: C-s-mepw Cs-nepw cq]-s-p-h-cn-I, Atm Ah cpw ]dp: RfnXm \n\v hgn-sphncn-p-p Fv 11--epw, BIm-i-sf cp\mfp-I-fn Ggp
Xp- I fm- b nv kwhn- [ m- \ n- p, Fm Hmtcm BIm- i - n\pw AXns Iev ] - \ - I
t_m[\wsNbvXp Fv 12-epw ]d-n-p-v. A-n-bm-Av: 30--, \nbw BIm-i-fpw
`qanbpw Hn-n-Sn Ah--bn-em-bn-cp-p, As\ \mw AXns\ ths-Spn (Cp
ImWp hn[-n kwhn-[m-\n-p) Fp]d-n-p-v. (dAvZv: 23, ap-Avan\q: 17, apIv:
3, \qlv: 15 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
30. \ns dv ae-p-It- fmSv ]d k`hpw Hmt-X
- m-Wv. \nbw Rm
`qan-bn Hcp {]Xn-\n-[nsb \ntbm-Kn-p-I-bm-Wv. Ah tNmZnp: AhnsS
Ipg--ap-m-p-Ibpw cw Nnp-Ibpw sNp--h-sc-bmtWm \o \ntbmKn-p-hm t]mIp-Xv; R \ns kvXpXn-p-sImv hmgvp-Ibpw
\ns ]cnips-Sp-p-Ibpw sNbvXp-sIm-n-cn-s? Amlp ]dp:
\nbw \n-dn-bm-Xv Rm Adn-bp-p.
Fm a\p-jy-scbpw Am-lp-hns {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fm-bn-m-Wv `qan-bn \ntbm-Kn-n-p-sX-nepw hnizm-kn-I am{Xta Am-lp-hns {]mXn-\n[yw \nd-th-p-I-bp-q. Amlp-hns\ kvXpXn-p-I, hmgvpI F ey-n-\p-thn am{X-a a\p-jys\ \ntbmKn--Xv. Ah-c-h Ah-c-hsc Xncn--dn-bp-I (A-w-kv: 910, AAvem: 14), krm-hns\ Xncn-dn-bpI (A-n-km-Av: 1), ChnsS kzKw ]Wn-bp-I, B ]WnX kzKntev Xs
Xncn-pt]mhpI F-Xn\pwIqSn thnbmWv (BenCwdm: 185, epJvam: 12). AXn\p D]-I-c-W-amWv Jp-B-\ns samw Bi-bw. An-bm-Av: 10- Amlp ]dbpp: \nbw \nv \msamcp {K-an-d-n, AXn \nsfpdnv \mw Hmn-nn-pv (BcmWv a\p-jy, FmWv Bm-hv, ico-cw, BZys krn-v, `qan-bn-tep \ntbm-Kw, P\-\w, ac-Ww, Dd-w, Dd-hpw ac-Whpw Xn-ep hyXym-kw, BcmWv
kzK-n-tev t]mhp-I, BcmWv \c-I-n-tev t]mhp-I...XpS-nb Im-cy-)
A_-Jd (2)
113
Atm \n Nnn-p-nt? a\p-jycpw Pnp-Ifpw kzX{ krn-I-fmWv, Ahcn\np hnizm-kn-I-fpsS {]m-\-Ifpw kvXpXn-Io-\-fpw am{Xta Amlp
kzoI-cn-p-I-bp-f-fq. ae-p-Iv sXc-s-Sp-m-\p kzmX-{y-anmXn\m Ah
Am-lp-hns\ [n-cn-p-Ibn-, A\p-kc
- n-pI am{Xta sNp-Ib
- p-q (Xlvcow: 6). PnpIfpw a\p-jycpw sXc-s-Sp-m kzmX-{y-aphcmbXv -sIm-mWv Ahsc Am-lphns {]Xn-\n-[n-I-sfv hnti-jn-n-p--Xv. a\p-jy-cpsS apv Pnp-I-fm-bn-cpp Amlp-hns {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmbn `qan-bn \ntbm-Kn--s-n-cp--Xv (lnPv: 27). Bmhv ]sSp-msX icocwsImv am{X-ap kwkmcw, hmv, Jp-B ]mcm-b-Ww, \a-kvIm-cw,
t\mv, lv, kImv XpS-nb A\p-jvTm-\-I-sfmpw kzoI-cn--s-Sp-I-bn,
Fp am{X-a
- hn[nZnhkn AhcpsS sXmen-If
- pw, tIhn-If
- pw, ImgvNI
- fpw AhsXn-cmbn kmywhln-p-XpamWv Fv ^pzn-ev: 1924 ]dn-p-v. (bmko:
65, Ckvdm-Av: 36 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Bmhv ]s-Sp--W-sa-n Bm-hns `-Whpw, hkv{Xhpamb Jp-B-\ns Bibw A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. _pn-in \IsSm
Fm Ncm-Nc
-
- fpw Am-lp-hns\ hmgvp-Ibpw kvXpXn-p-Ibpw sNp-p-sv CkvdmAv: 44--epw, Aq: 41-epw ]d-n--p-v. Fm Poh-Pm-e-pw AXns Io-\-coXn-bpw, \a-kvImccoXnbpw ]Tn-n-n-p-v. `qanbn cw Nnm-Xn-cn-m-\pw, hKo-b-X,
hwio-b-X, tZio-b-X, kzm-X XpS-nb ZpKp-W- Cm-Xmn a\p-jy-cpsS sFIyw
m]n-m-\p-apff D]-Ic
- W
- w thZ-{K-a
- m-b Jp-B am{X-am-Wv. (A-Bw: 165, AAvdm^v:
74,129, lqZv: 57 Aq: 55 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 67 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
31.
Ah (A-m-lp) BZ-an\v Fm hkvXp--fp-sSbpw t]cp-I- ]Tn-n-p,

]ns Ah ae-p-IfpsS apn Ah-X-cn-npsImv Ah ]dp:
\n kXy-hm-m-cm-sW-n Cu hkvXp--fpsS t]cp-I-sfmw F\nv
]d-pX-cn-I.
32. Ah(ae-p-I) ]dp: \o am{X-amWv k--\mb, kq-\mb

]cn-ip-! \o R-sf ]Tn-n--X-m Hc-dnhpw R-fpsS ]-en-,
\nbw \o am{X-amWv k-m-\nbpw X{\mb bpn-m-\nbpw.
33.
Amlp ]dp: Hm BZw! Ah-bpsS t]cp-I Ahv ]d-p-sImSppI. BZw B t]-cp-I-sfmw Ahsc DWn-b-tm Amlp tNmZnp:
\nbw Rm BIm-i-fnsebpw `qan-bn-sebpw ad Imcy- Adnbp--h-\pw, \n shfn-hm-p-Xpw aqSn-h-bvp-Xpw Adn-bp--h-\p-amsWv \n-tfmSv ]d-n-n-tbm?.
a\p-jys\ Ghpw \ Ie--dn AYhm cq-]-n (A-m-lp-hns Omb-bn-emWv) BWv krjvSn-X

- v. ]ns Ahs\ A[-ac
- n A[-a\
- mn, hniz-kn-p-Ibpw kI A\p-jvSn-p-Ibpw sNbvX-h-scm-gn-sI (A-o: 46) \nbw BZwkm-\-sf
\mw _lp-am-\n-n-p-v. \mw Ahsc Ic-bnepw IS-enepw k-cn-np, Ahv ]cn-ip-amb `-W-hn-`-h- \IpI-bpw, \mw krn A[nI krn-I-tf-mfpw t{ijvTX
Ahv \Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp Fv C-kvdm-Av: 70 ]d-n-p-v. A--Km-_p: 23
Amlp ]d-bpp: Ah-\mWv \nsf krn--Xv, Fm \n-fn \ntj-[nbpv;
114
JpB\ns Bmhv
\n-fn hnizm-knbpap-v. Amlp \n-fpsS {]h-\--sfmw kZm ho-n-psIm-n-cnp--h Xs-bm-Ip-p. BImi-`q-an-Isf Ah ey-tm-Sp-IqSn krnp-I-bpw, \n-sf Ah cq]-s-Sp-p-Ibpw, \n-fpsS cq]w Ghpw `wKn-bp--Xm-nop-Ibpw sNbvXp. \n Ah-\n-tev Xs-bmWv aS--s-Sp--Xpw. (apAvan\q:
14 Iqn-hm-bn-pI). a\pjy\v Adnhv (-Jp-B\ns Bibw) ]Tn-n-p-I-hgn ae-p-Itfm ]Zhn \Inbnp-v. ad Imcy--f-dn-bp--h {XnIm-e-m-\n-bmb Amlp
am{X-am-Wv. AXmWv Ahs J_o, aplov Fo kzn^-pI (-KpW-hn-ti-jW
- )
]Tn-n-p--Xv.
_Jd: 116-, \ntj-[n-I ]d-bpp: Amlp Hcp km-\s kzoI-cn-n-cn-pp
Fv. Fm Ah AXo-h -]-cn-ip--\-s{X. A; BIm-i-`q-an-I-fn-ep--sXmw Ah\p-Xpw, Ah\v IogvhW-p--Xpam-Wv. Ben-Cw-dm: 191-, _pn-amam-cmb BfpI Fm-bvtmgpw Am-lp-hns\ kvacn-p--h-cpw, ""BIm-i-`q-an-I shdpsX krn-X-, \o ]cn-ip--\m-Wv, Atm \o Rsf \c-I in-bn\nv Impkq-n-tWta'' Fv {]mn-p--hcp-am-sWv ]d-n-p-v. Am-lp-hns\ ImW-W-sav
aqkm Bh-iy-stm Amlp ]-X-n D]-hn--\m-hpI-bpw, ]Xw s]mn-n-fcp-I-bpw, aqkm t_m[w sIphogp-Ibpw sNbvXp. t_m[w sXfn--tm aqk ]dp:
\o ]cn-ip-, Rm \nn-tev tJZn-p-a-S-p-p, Rm hnizm-kn-I-fn Hm-a-\pamWv Fv AAvdm^v: 143- ]d-n-p-v. am apivcnpI bmsXmcp AdnhpwIqSmsX
Am-lp-hn\v ]p{Xam-scbpw ]p{Xn-I-sfbpw P]n-pp. Atm Ah Ah P]np ]m-fn--n\nsmw AXoh ]cn-ip--\msWv A-Bw: 100- ]d-n-pv. kzK-hm-kn-I-fpsS Ftm-gpap {]m-\, Am-lpth \o ]cn-ip--\mWv Fmbn-cn-psav bq\pkv: 10-epw, Xu_: 31-, Ah\-msX Hcp Cem-lp-an-, Ah P]np ]m-fn--n \nsmw Ah AXo-h ]cnip--\m-Wv Fp-w ]-d-n-p-v.
bq\p-kv: 18, \lv: 1, Adqw: 40, kpa: 67 kq-sfmw Ah-km-\n-p--Xv, Ah
P]n-p ]m-fn--n\nsmw Amlp AXyp--X-\pw, AXoh ]cn-ip--\pas{X
F Bi-b
- n-em-W.v bqkp-^:v 108-, Amlp apl-Zv \_n-tbmSv ]d-bm I]npp:
CXmWv Fs amKw, Rm \nsf hnfn-p-Xv Am-lp-hn-te-m-Wv. Rm\pw Fs
]n]-p--hcpw Hcp ImgvN-m-Sn-em-Wp-Xv (A-Yhm _kzm-C-dmb Jp-B-\ns Bibw
]n]-p--h-cm-Wv) Amlp Ghpw ]cn-ip--\-s{X, Rm Ahs A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i-fn ]p-tNp--h-\-.
CSn\mZw Am-lp-hns\ kvXpXn-p-sImv hmgvpXp-t]mse AXns ]nn
{]hn-p ae-p-I-fpw Ahs\ `b-s-p-sImv kvXpXn-v hmgvpp Fv dAvZv:
13-epw, Xs ASn-asb Hcpcm{Xn akvPn-Zp ld-an\nv ss_p- apJ--kn-tev
bm{X-bm-n-b-h AXoh ]cn-ip--\mIpp Fv Ckvdm-Av: 1epw ]d-n-pv. CkvdmAv: 44 , Ggv BIm-i-fpw `qanbpw Ahbv-n-S-bn-ep--Xp-samw Am-lp-hns\ ]cnip--s-Sp-p-Ibpw sNpp Fp-]-d-n-p-v. apl-Zv \_n-bpsS {]hm-N-I-Xz-n\v
sXfn-hmbnsmv Znhym-p-X- sImp-h-cm am apivcnpI Bh-iy-s--tm
adp-]-Sn-bmbn Amlp \_n-tbmSv ]d-bm I]npp: Fs \mY CXn-s\mw Ignhp ]cn-ip--\m-Wv, Rms\mcp a\p-jy\mb ZqX-\-msX asmscn-epamtWm (CkvdmAv: 90-93 t\mp-I). Atm B[n]-Xy-n-\p-S-a-bmb Amlp Ah P]n-p
A_-Jd (2)
115
]m-fn-fn\n-smw AXoh ]cn-ip--\-s{X F Bi-b-n-em-Wv An-bm-Av:

22 Ah-km-\n-p--Xv. ayns hbdn\p-n, Ccp-n AI-s bq\pkv \_n
Am-lp-hns\ hnfnv, \ob-sX asmcp Cem-lp-an-, \o ]cn-ip-, \nbw Rm
A{I-an-I-fn s]p-t]m-bn-cn-p-p Fv {]mn--Xmbn An-bm-Av: 87- ]d-n-pv. hnizm-kn-Isf D]-tZ-in-p-sImv Amlp ]d-bpp: hnizm-kn--Isfpdnv A]hmZw tIp-tm \apv Ccw kwkm-cw A\p-tbm-Py-a-msbpw, Am-lp-th,
\o F{X ]cn-ip--, CXv hn A]-cm[w Xs-bmWv Fpw FpsImv \n
]d-n-? (Aq: 16-). Fm-h-scbpw Hcp-an-p-Iq-p \mfnAm-lphns\-q-SmsX
hnfnv {]mnsSp alm-m-tfmSv:\n-fmtWm Fs Cu ASn-a-Isf hgn-]n-gn-Xv, AtXm Ah kzbw kamK-n\nv ]ng--Xm-tWm-sbv Amlp tNmZnp-tm Ah adp-]Sn ]d-bp--Xm-Wv: \o ]cn-ip-, Rv \nsqSmsX thsd
kwc--I-sc-tbm, an{X-sftbm sXsc-s-Sp- tbmPn--X-Xs. Fm Ah
Jp-B-\ns Bibw ad-p--Xp-h-sc.Ahpw Ah-cpsS ]nXm-pw \o PohnXhn`h- \In, Ah HcpsI P\X Xs-bp-am-bn-cpp Fv ^pJm: 1718 ap-dnbnv \Inbnp-v.
Fm-h-scbpw Hcp-an-p-Iq-p \mfn ae-p-ItfmSv Amlp: \n-sf-bmtWm Ch
C_m-Zv sNbvXn-cp-s
- Xv tNmZn-p-tm Ah ]dbpw: \o F{X ]cn-ip-, \obmWv
R-fpsS kwc-I
-
- F-msX Ah-c
- tm; A, Ah- Pnp-Is
- f tkhn-n-cp-hcpw,
Ahcn A[nI-t]cpw Ah-cn hniz-kn-ph-cp-am-bn-cpp Fv k_-Av: 4041 ]dnp-v. k-tem-I--fp-sSbpw DS-a-bmb Amlp ]cn-ip--\m-Ipp F Bi-b-n-em
Wv \wev: 8 Ah-km-\n-p--Xv. `qan-bn\nv apf-p-s]m-p Fm-nepw, Ah-cn
Xsbpw, Ahv Adn-bm--Xnepw CW-Isf krn-- Hcph (A-m-lp) AXoh ]cnip--\-s{X Fv bmko: 36-epw, Atm BcpsS lkvX-n-emtWm FmhkvXp-fp-sSbpw B[n-]-Xy-ap--Xv, Bcn-te-mtWm \n Xncn--b--s-Sp-Ibpw sNp--Xv,
Ah AXoh ]cn-ip--\-s{X Fv 83-epw ]d-n-p-v. hml-\-n Ib-dp-tmgp
{]m\- kpKvdp-^v: 13-14 Amlp ]Tnn-pp:""Rv Cu hml-\s hnt[-bamn-h ]cn-ip--\-s{X. Ah RnXv hnt[-b-amn Xn-p-m-bn-cp-ns-n R-Xns\ D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-m km[n-p-am-bn-cp-n-, \nbw R
R-fpsS \mY-\n-tev Xncn-p-t]m-Ip--h Xs-bm-Ip-p''. 82-, BIm-i--fp-sSbpw
`qan-bp-sSbpw DS-aB-[n-]-Xy-ns DSaAh P]n-pXn\nsmw AXo-h- ]-cnip--\-s{X. Jew: 29-, hnfhv \inn-s B P\X Ah-km\w {]mnp: RfpsS \mY AXoh ]cn-ip- Xs-bm-Ip-p, \nbw R A{I-an-I-fn s]pt]m-bn-cn-p-p Fv. BImi--fnepw `qanbn-ep-ap Fm Hpw Am-lp-hns\ ]cnip--s-Spn F Bi-b-n-em-Wv lZo-Zv, Az-^v, liv Fo kqdpI Bcw-`np-Xv. BIm-i-`qan-I-fn-ep- Fm Hpw Amlp-hns\ ]cn-ips-Sp-pp F
Bi-bn-em-Wv PpapA, XKm-_p Fo kqd-p-I Bcw-`n-p--Xv. kqd: AAvem:
AXyp--X-\mb \ns dns \maw ]cn-ip--s-Sp-pI F I]-\-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bmWv
Bcw-`n-p--Xv. Akzvdn Amlphns klm-b-hpw, al-mb hnP-bhpw hp-Inp-I-bpw, P\- Iqw-Iq--ambn Am-lp-hns Zo\n {]th-in-p-Xv ImWp-Ibpw
sNbvXm Xm-fpsS dns\ kvXpXn-p-sImv hmgv-W-sapw (]-cn-ip--s-Sp--Wsa-pw), Ah-t\mSp s]mdp--ens\ tXS-W-sa-pw, \nbw Ah Gsd ]m-Xm]w
116
JpB\ns Bmhv
kzoI-cn-p--h Xs-bm-sWpw ]d-bp-p. Atm aw ^Xvlv (am hnP-bw)

am{X--a-, GXp hnPbw e`n-mepw {]hm-N-I\pw hnizm-kn-Ifpw Am-lp-hn-s\-bmWv kvXpXnt--Xpw, ]pI-gvt-Xpw Io\w sNt--Xp-sa-mw.
\a-kvIm-c-n\v tijw kp_vlm\m Fv 33 {]mhiyw Am-lp-hns\ ]cn-ip-s-Sp-p-tm Cu kq--fp-sS-sbmw Bibw a\-n htc--Xm-Wv. \a-kvIm-cn CAvnZm-en {]mn-m \_n (k) ]Tn-n-p,
h-\-n\pw ]pI-gv-en\pw Al-\m-bn-p--h-t\, ASna ]d--XmWp kXyw,
R-sfmw \n\p ASn-a-s-ncn-p-p. Amlpth \o \In-bXp XS-bp--h-cn-,
\o XS-Xp \Ip--h-cn-, Hcp {]am-Wn-bp-sSbpw {]am-Wn-w (A-l-m-cw) \ns-bSp- hne-tm-hp-I-bp-an- (An-km-Av: 172173 Iqn-hmbnp-I). ^mnl: 4 t\mpI.
34.
\mw ae-p-I-tfmSv (a-e-p-I-f-S-p kZnt\m-Sv) ]d k`hpw kvacWo-bamWv. \n-sfmw BZ-an\v kpPqZv sNp-I (km-mwKw {]W-anv
_lp-am-\n-p-I). Atm Ah-sc-m-hcpw kpPqZv sNbvXp-C_veokv HgnsI.
Ah hnk--Xnp tIaw ImWn-v Al-mcw {]I-Sn-n-p. Ah Im^ndp-I-fn s]-h-\m-bn-cp-p.
C_veokv Im^n-dp-I-fns]--h-\m-bn-cp-p-shv kzmZv: 74--epw, Ah Pnns-h-\m-bn-cp-p-shv AIlv^v: 50-epw ]d-n-p-v.

35.
\mw ]d-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp: Hm BZw, \obpw \ns CWbpw Cu kzKn

Xma-kn-p-Ibpw AXnse hn`-h- \n cp-t]cpw Dt-in-pw-hn[w
btYw Xnp-Ibpw sNp-I. Cu hr-tmSv \n cp-t]cpw kao]n-p-t]m-I-cp-Xv. (kao-]n-m) \n cp-t]cpw A{I-an-I-fns-p-t]mIpw.
36. B I]-\-sb-smv ssizm Ahsc cp-t]-scbpw sXn-p, Ah

cpt]cpw Bkz-Zn-n-cp sFiz-cym-h--bn\nv Ahsc cp-t]-scbpw
]pd-s-Sp-hn-n-p-Ibpw sNbvXp, \mw In-p-Ibpw sNbvXp, \n-sfmw
Chn-sS-\nv Cd-n-tm-hp-I, \nfn Nne Nnev i{Xp--fm-Wv.
\nv `qan-bn Xmh-fhpw \nn-X-k-abw hsc Pohn-X-hn-`-h--fp-apv.
AAvdm^v: 19-20,24 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. a\p-jycpw ssiXzm\pw ]c-kv]cw i{Xp--fmsWv am{X-a-, a\p-jycnse apAv-an-\p-Iv a\p-jy-cnse Im^n-dp-I-fpw, Pnp-I-fnse
apAva
- n-\p-Iv PnpI-fnse Im^n-dp-Ifpw i{Xp-f
- m-W.v a\p-jy-cnepw Pnp-If
- nepw ssiXzmm-cp-v (ABw: 112, Amkv: 6) Fm Hmtcm ]pcp-j-\nepw Hmtcm Pnp-Iq-p-Im-c-\pw,
kv{Xobn Hmtcm Pnp-Iq-p-Imcnbpap-v. B Pnp-Iq-p-Imsc Jp-B-\ns Bi-bwsImv apAv-an\mt _m[yX a\p-jycptSXmWv. Cs-n Ah cp-t]cpw (a-\pjy\pw Pnp-Iq-p-Im-c-\pw) \c-I-n-em-sWv liv: 1617 kq--fn ]d-bp-p-v.
Jp-B\ns Bi-b-s-sXmv aSpv (A-I) ImWn-m Ah-s\-sbmcp Pnp-
A_-Jd (2)
117
Iq-p-Im-c\p Gn-p-sIm-Sp-p-sav kpKvdp-^v: 36 ]d-bp-p. 37, B Pnp-Iq-p-Imc Ahsc Jp-B\ns Bi-b-s-sXmv XS-bpIXs sNpw, Fm Ah
kamKn-em-sWv IW-p-Iq-p-Ibpw sNp-p. 38, As\ Ah \psS ASpp-h-m a\p-jy ]d-bpw: Hm Fsbpw \nsbpan-S-bn cv DZ-b-m-\-fpsS
hgn-Zq-c-ap-m-bn-cp-s-n F{X \m-bn-cp-t-s\, \o F{X tami-s Iqp-Im-c Fpw,
39, \n (Pn-p-Iq-p-Imcpw a\p-jy-cpw) Jp-B Inn-bnv ]c-kv]cw Jp-B-\ns
Bi-b-n\nv XS--Xn-\m Ct-Zn\w \nv Hcp D]-Im-chpw sNm Ign-bn, \nbw in-bn \n ]p-tN-tc-Xp-am-Ipp Fpw ]dnp-v. ]c-temIphcm t]mIp cwKw Jm^v: 27-29 Amlp ]d-bpp: hn[n-Zn-hkw Pnp-Iq-pIm-c- ]d-bp--XmWv: \mYm, Rm\hs\ \n_-nv hgn-]n-g-nn-n-, Fm Ah
kXy-n\nv (Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n\n-v) hfsc hnZqcw hgn-]n-gv t]mbn-cn-pp. Amlp ]d-bpp: Fs ASp- \n Xn-p-I-bpw, hmZnp-Ibpw th,
\nsf Cu hmKvZ-w t\cs Adn-bn-n-cp--Xm-Wv, Fs ASp- hmv amn-a-dnp-Ib
- n-, Rm Fs ASn-aI
- t- fmSv A]wt]mepw A\oXn ImWn-p-h
- \
- p-a
- . (^pzne-v: 2526 Iqn-hmbnp-I) BcmtWm kzKw ]Wn-X-Xv, Ahv kzKhpw, Am-hsmw \c-Ihpw e`n-p-XmWv. Pnp-Iq-p-Im-cs\ hnizm-kn-bm-msX Hcmpw
kzK-n t]mIm km[n-p-I-bn-. lrZ-b-n Iqp-Iq-Sp Pnp-Iq-p-Im-cs\ hnizmkn-bm-m-\p GI-amKw lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn-ep Jp-B-\ns Bibw (A-n-Iv)
am{X-am-Ip-p. AAvdm^v: 27-, BZw km-\-sf hnfnv Amlp ]d-bpp: Hm BZw
km-\--tf, ]nimNv \n-fpsS amXm-]n-Xm-sf kzK-n\nv ]pd-m-n-bXv
t]mse \nsf \mi-n AI-s-Sp-m-Xn-cn--s. Ah Ah-cpsS Kply-m-\ shfn-s-Spp--Xn\pthn Ah-cpsS XJvhbm-Ip hkv{Xw Ducn--f-p.
\nbw Ah\pw, Ahs tKm{X-mcpw, \n Ahsc ImWm--hn[w \nsf ImWpp-v. \nbw ]nim-Np-sf \mw hnizm-kn-I-fm-hv Iqp-Im-cm-n-bn-cn-p-p.
A^m: 24-, Amlp hnizm-kn-Isf hnfnv ]d-bpp: \n Adn-n-cn-p-I,
\nbw Amlp \n-fp-sSbpw \n-fpsS lrZ-b-n-sbpw CS-bn-em-Wp-f-f-Xv. AYhm
JpB-\ns Bi-bw sImv "Amlv' Fp kvac-W-tbmsS \ne-sImptm-sgmw
Pnq-I-q-Im-c\pw hnizm-kn-bm-bn-cn-pw.
37.
Atm BZan\v Xs dn\nv Nne hN-\- Cp-sIm-Sp--sp.

As\ BZ-an-sta Ah (A-m-lp) aS-n. \nbw Ah Gsd
]m-m]w kzoI-cn-p--h\pw Icp-Wm-I-Sepw Xs-bm-Ipp.
38.
\mw ]dp: \n-sf-m-hcpw Chn-sS-\nv (kzK-n\n-v)]pd-p-t]mhpI. C\n \nv Fn\np lpZm (amK-Zi-\w) hp-In-pIbpw,
As\ BcmtWm Fs lpZmsb (kmKs) ]n]-pIbpw sNbvXXv, Atm AhcpsSta `b-s-Sp-hmt\m Ahv ZpxJn-mt\m CS-h-cnIbn.
Xs sXv Xncn--dn BZ-an\v \mhp-sImv ZpxJw {]I-Sn-n-m Ign-bmsX

at\mth-Z\ A\p-`-h-s--tm lrZ-b--fpsS Ah Adn-bp dv: ""R-fpsS \mYm,
R R-tfmSpXs A{Iaw ImWn-n-cn-p-p, \o Rv s]mdp-pXn-n-
118
JpB\ns Bmhv
sn, R-fp-sS-ta \ns ImcpWyw hjn-n-n-s-n \nbw R- \sh-cn s]p-t]m-IpXmWv'' F AAv-dm^v: 23mw kqw Cp-sIm-Sp-p. BZw Z-XnIv Ah-cpsS Ip- s]mdp-p-sIm-Sp \mY Ay-\mhsc-bp BZw kXnIsf ]co-n-p--Xn-\p-thn `qan-bn-tev \ntbm-Kn--b-ncnp-I-bm-Wv. Ah-cn sXv
sNm-\-h-k-c-ap-m-bnv Am-lp-hns\ kmy-s-Sp-n-smv sXpsNm-sX Ahs
{]Xn-\n-[n-bmbn Pohnphv kzK-n-te-p-Xs Xncn-p-t]m-Imw. sXpsNmsX
Pohn--W-sa-n amXm-]n-Xm- 15 hb-n\papv Jp-B-\ns samw Bibw asf
]Tn-n-W-sav \_n(-k) ]Tn-n-Xv A\z-am-p-Ibpw Ah-cXv ]n]n Pohn-pIbpw thWw. Fm Jp-B\ns Bibw Cm-Xp ImcWw sXp-Ip-- Xncn-dn-bmsX IpIrXy-fntesSp-Ibpw, Jp-B-\ns Bibw hpInn AXv Xncn-dntijw lrZ-b--fpsS Ahbdn-bp DS-a-tbmSv Fmw cl-ky-ambn lrZ-bwsImv Gp]d-bp-Ibpw, _mnPohnXw Jp-B-\ns hn[n-hn-e-p-I Ghpw \\nebn ]n]-n Pohnp-Ibpw sNp--hpw hnNm-c-W-p-tijw kzK-n-tev Xncnp-t]m-Imw. Jp-B Inn-bnv AXv D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-m-hcp-sSsbmw aSw \c-In-te-pamWv.
Cu kq-n ]d lpZm _Jd: 2 ]d lpZm Xs-bm-Wv. Jp-B
samw a\p-jyv lpZ-bm-sW-nepw hnizm-knI am{Xta AXv lpZ-bmbn kzoI-cn-pI-bpq Fv ^p-zn-ev: 44, Ckvdm-Av: 82 kq--fn ]d-n-p-v. "lpZm hp
InpI' F D]m[n hn-cn-p--Xn-\m Jp-B Inn-bnv D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-m-hcmWv
\-s--h-cm-hp-I. BmtWm kznZvJv (Jp-B) hpInn-b-Xv, AXns\ kXy-s-Spp-Ibpw sNbvX-Xv; Aq- am{XamWv ap-Jo- Fv kpa: 33 ]d-n-pv.
AAvdm^v: 35 Amlp ]d-bpp: "Hm BZw k-Xn-Itf, Fs kq- hgn-p-hgn-bmbn hni-Zo-I-cnv Xcp- \n-fn \np ZqXam \nv hs-n-bm
BcmtWm B kq-sf ]n]-p-I-bpw, I- \mpIbpw sNbvXXv, Atm
AhcpsS-ta `b-s-Sm\pw Ah-v Zp:Jnm\pw CS-h-cn. Atm Fn \np
lpZm \nv hp-In-pI-bpw, B lpZmsb ]n]-p-Ibpw sNp--h hgn-]n-g-p-Itbm, Zu`mKyhm\mhp-Itbm C Fv Xzmlm: 123epw -]-d-n-p-v.
_Jd: 62,112,274,277, amCZ: 69, A-Bw: 48, bq\p-kv: 62-, kpa: 61, ^pkzn-e-v: 30,32,
kpKvdp-^v: 67,68 XpS-nb kq--sfmw Ah-km-\n-p--Xv, Atm AhcpsS-ta
`b-s-Sp-hmt\m Ahv Zp:Jnmt\m CS-h-cn-I-bn- F Bi-b-n-em-Wv.
39.
BcmtWm \psS kq- aqSn-sh-p-Ibpw AXns\ Xn--d-bp-Ibpw

sNbvX-Xv, Aq--cmWv \c-I-hm-kn-I, Ah-c-Xn \nXy-\n-hm-kn-I-fp-am-Wv.
Am-lp-hn-s\-smpw Ah-s ZqXam-sc-sm-pw hnizkn--h Xs-bmWv

X-fpsS \mYs ASp- Jp-Bs\ kXy-s-Sp-p--h-cpw, Jp-B-\ns PohnXw
kmy-s-Sp-p-h-cpw. Ahv Ah-cpsS {]Xn-^-ehpw {]Im-i-hp-ap-v. BcmtWm
\psS kq- aqSn-sh-pIbpw AXns\ Xn--d-bp-Ibpw sNbvX-Xv, Aq- XsbmWv \c-I-ns kl-hm-kn-I Fv lZoZv: 19- ]d-n-p-v. ChnsS ]d
Im^n "kq-fpsS Bibw Adn-nv aqSn-sh-p-' I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fpw, kqsf Xn--d-bp--h Bibw ]Tn-m {ian-msX Jp-B-\ns icocw Xnp
A_-Jd (2)
119
^mPndp-I-fp-am-Wv. Jp-B hmbn-p aqv Iq-cn hnizm-kn-Iv am{X-amWv KpWw

Inp-I, av cv Iqpw (I-]S- h
- n-izm-kn-Ipw ^mPn-dp-Ipw) Jp-BsImv KpWw
Inp-I-bn Fpw \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. AI-_qv: 68--epw, kpa: 32epw Amlp
tNmZn-pp: BcmWv Am-lp-hn-s-ta Iw-sI-n--a--h-t\-m As-n Ah\v
kXyw hp-In-n-b-tm AXns\ Xn--d-h-t\-m Ghpw henb A{Ian? Ccw
Im^n-dp-Iv \c-I-n ]mn-S-an-stm?. BcmtWm Am-lp-hns Bb-p-I
aqSnsh--Xv, AhX-s-bm-Wv Fmw \-s--h (kpa: 63). amCZ: 10,86 kq-fn
BcmtWm \psS Bb-pIsf Xn--d-bp-I-bpw, aqSn-sh-p-Ibpw sNp--Xv, Aq Xs-bmWv \c-I-ns kl-hm-kn-I-sfv ]d-n-p-v. AAv-dm^v: 36, \psS
kq- Xn--d-bp-I-bpw, AXnt\mSv Al-mcw \Sn-p-Ibpw sNp-h-cp--tm,
Aq- \c-I-n-s kl-hm-kn-I-fpw, Ah-c-Xn \nXy-hm-kn-I-fp-am-sWv ]d-n-pv. Cu kq-n ]d Xn--d--h ^mPn-dp-I-fpw, AXnt\mSv Al-mcw \Snp--h I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fp-am-Wv. 40, \nbw \psS kq-sf Xn--d-bp-Ibpw, AXnt\mSv Al-mcw \Sn-p-Ibpw sNp--h-v BIm-i-ns hmXn-ep-I
XpdpsImSp-p-I-bn, Xpm-cs kqNn-bpsS Zzmc-n-eqsS HIw {]thinpXphsc Ah kzK-n {]th-in-p-I-bp-an-, A{]-Im-c-amWv \mw {`mamv
{]Xn-êw sImSp-p-I Fp-]-d-n-p-v. ^pzne-v: 2628se Im^n ap\m-^n-Jpw,
29se Im^n ^mPn-dp-am Wv. (A-Bw: 49, lv: 51, Adqw: 16, epJvam: 32, apl--Zv:
34, A-Km-_p: 10 Iqn-hm-bn-pI). ^mnl: 7, _Jd: 67,24 kq--fpsS hni-ZoI-cWw t\mp-I.
40.
Hm Ckv d m- C u k- X nItf! Fs A\p- { K- l - \n- f psSta

sNmcnXv \n kvacn-p-ho! Rm\p-ambn sNbvX DS-Sn \n
]qn-bm-pI; \n-fp-ambn sNbvX DS-Sn Rm\pw ]qn-bmmw,
\n Fs am{XamWv Dn-s-bp-n `b-s-Sp-sX-n.
C{_mlnw \_n-bpsS aI\mb CkvlmJv \_n-bpsS aI bAv-Jq_v \_n-bpsS

asmcp t]cmWv Ckvdm-Cu. bAv-Jq_v \_nbpsS ]p{X bqkp^v \_n kzk-tlm-Zc-m-cm InW-n-se-dn-bs
- SpI-bpw, hgn-bm-{X-m-cmb I-hS- k
- w-L
- m-cm Is-Spsv CuPn-]vXn hn-sSpIbpw sNbvXp. Atlw Ime-{I-taW CuPn-]vXnse `c-Wm[n-Im-cn-bmbn amdn. XpSv bAv-Jzq_v \_nsbbpw IpSpw-_mw-K--sf-bp-samw CuPn]vXn sImp-t]mbn Xma-kn-n-p. As\bmWv _\o -C-kvdm-Cu-ep-Im CuPn-]vXnse-n-b-Xv. Ime-{I-taW bqkp^v \_n-bpsS A[ym-]-\- Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-IfS-ap B P\X hnkva-cn-p-Ibpw ]ip Bcm-[-\bnepw av A[mnI {]h-\-fnepw apgp-IpIbpw sNbvXp. Jzn_vXn hwi-n\nv ^tdmham `c-Wm-[n-Im-cnIfmbnhcn-Ibpw _\o Ckvdm-Cu-ep-Imsc ASn--ap-Ibpw ASn-a-I-fmn hbvp-Ibpw
sNbvXp. Atm Ahsc tamNn-n-p--Xn\pthn aqkm- \_nsb Amlp \ntbmKnp.
apl-Zv \_n-bpsS Ime-p Pq-Xam-cpsS GI-tZiw 1500 hjw apvaqkm
\_n-bpsS ImevPohn-n-cp Ah-cpsS ]nXm-amscpdn-mWv ChnsS ]cm-ainp--Xv. Ahv Amlp \Inb A\p-{K-l- XpSp Bb-p-I-fn hni-Zo-
120
JpB\ns Bmhv
I-cn-p-p-v. aZo-\-bn-ep PqXam Ah-cpsS ]nXm-am-cpsS Pohn-X-Ncy ]qambn ]n]-p--h-cm-sW-pw, Ah-cpsS lrZbw thZ-{K--m Xpfp-p-I-bm-sW-pw
Atm C\n-sbmcp thZ-{K--ns Bh-iy-an-spam-bn-cpp Ah-cpsS \ne]mSv.
CXns\bmWv Amlp Cu kq-n-eqsS hnainp-Xv. Cv Cu kqw, apl-Zv
\_n-bp-sS-bpw A\p-bm-bn-I-fp-sSbpw Pohn-X-amWv R ]n]-p--sXp Zpc-`n-am-\np, Jp-B\ns Bibw ]Tn-msX Jp-B aqSn-shp Pohn-p, PqX-ss{I-k-Xh-cpsS PohnXw NmWn\v NmWmbpw, apg-n\v apg-ambpw ]n]-p apkvenw-I-fpsS Ah-bmWv {]Xn-^-en-np--Xv.
\lv: 91 Amlp ]d-bpp: \n Icm-dp-Ifpw {]Xn--Ifpw sNbvXXn\ptijw AXv apdn-p-I-f-b-cp-Xv, \n Am-lp-hns\ AXn\v kmn-bm-n-bn-cn-pph-tm. \nbw \n {]hn-p--sXpw Amlp Adn-bp-ph-tm. C-kvdmAv: 34, \n A\m-Y-I-fpsS knt\mSv Ahv {]mb-]qn-bm-Ip-Xphsc
Ghpw \ cq]-n-e-msX ASp-p-t]m-I-cp-Xv, \n DS--Sn-I ]qn-bm-p-Ibpw
sNp-I, \nbw DS--Sn-Isfpdnv tNmZyw sNs-Sp-Xv Xs-bm-Ip-p Fp-]-dn-p-v. apAvan\q: 6epw, aB-cn-Pv: 32-epw hnPbw hcn-p hnizm-kn-I Ah-cpsS
Aam-\-p-I-fpw (hn-iz-knv G]n--Xv, D-c-hm-Znw), DS--Sn-Ifpw apdpsInSn-p-h-cmWv Fp-]-d-n-p-v. _Jd: 27 hni-Zo-I-cWw ImWp-I.
41.
\n-tfm-sSm--ap thZs kXy-s-Sp-n-smv Rm\-h-X-cn-n thZn \n hniz-kn-pI-bpw AXns\ \ntj-[n-p--h-cn Hm-a-mcm-Im-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-I. \n Fs kq- Ipdhnebvv
hnm-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-I. \n Fs am{Xw kqn-ph-cmsW-n.
app Fm thZ-s
- fbpw kXy-s-Sp-n-sm-m-Wv Jp-B hXv, Jp-B\pw
apl-Zv \_nbpw hcpImcyw app-h Fm thZ--fnepw ]cm-ain-n-p-v. (ABw:
20) Atm Jp-B-\n hniz-kn-pI Fp]d-m, Jp-B\ns Bibw a\-nemn hn[n-hn-e-p-I ]n]-t--hn[w ]n]-p-I Fm-Wv. Amlp {K-n Cdn-bXv aqSn-sh-p Bfp-Ifpw AXns\ Ipd hnev hnp--hcpw (acn--hv
Jp-B HmXn-tn-p-I, Cam-a-n\v ifw hmn-p-I XpS-n-bh) X-fpsS
hb-dp-I-fn XobmsX asmpw \nd-p-n Fv _-Jd: 174 ]d-n-p-v. Cp
Jp-B\ns\ \ntj-[n-p--h-cn ap]-n-bn-ep-Xv apkven- XsbmWv. ABw: 10, Ah BZy-ta hniz-kn-m-Xpt]mseXs GXp ZrjvSm (A-S-bmfw) hpInn-bmepw Cu Jp-B-\n hnizknm-Xn-cn----hw Ah-cpsS lrZ-b-sfbpw ZrjvSnI-sfbpw Amlp Cfn adn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-I-bm-sW-pw, Ahsc AhcpsS [nm-c-n ey-t_m-[-an-msX hnl-cn-m hnn-cn--bm-sWpw ]d-n-pv. Ben-Cw-dm: 199- Amlp ]d-bpp: \nbw thZ-m-cn Nne C-s\-bp-apv, Am-lp-hn-s\-smv hniz-kn-p-hcpw, \n-fn-tev Cd--s--Xn-epw, Ah-cntev Cd--s--Xnepw hniz-kn-p--h-cpw, Am-lp-hns\ Dn-s-bp-n `b-s-Sph-cp-am-bn-p--h. Ah Am-lp-hns kq- Ipd--hn-ev hnp-I-bn,
Ahv X-fpsS \mYs ] Ah-cpsS {]Xn-^-e-ap-v. \nbw Amlp hfsc
A_-Jd (2)
121
thK-n IW-p-t\m-p--h-\-tm (B-en-Cw-dm: 187 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 23 hniZo-I-cWw t\mpI.

42.
kXys anYy-sImv \n aqSmXn-cn-p-I-bpw, AdnpsImv \n

kXys Hfn-npsh-mXn-cn-p-Ibpw sNpI.
kXyw (lJv) Fp]d-m Jp-B-\m-sWv _-Jd: 119,147, Ben-Cw-dm: 60,

AAv-dm^v: 8, bq\pkv: 108, kpa: 33, Aqd: 17 XpS-nb kq--fnsemw ]d-n-pv.
Atm Jp-B Bb-p-I aqSn-sh-p-Itbm Bibw sXmbn hni-Zo-I-cn-p-Itbm
Bi-b-n\v hncp--ambn PohnXw \bn-p-Itbm sNp--hs-Xn-cmbn Jp-B
kmywhln-p-Ibpw hmZn-p-Ibpw sNpw. Ccw ap\m-^n-Jp-Isfbpw \_n (k)bpsS Imep aZo-\-bnse PqX-mscbpw Htc-K-W-n-emWv Fn-bnp--Xv. amCZ:
41-42, Ah Ifhv sIn--a-p--Xn\pthn Jp-B tIp--h-cpw, asmcp P\Xpthn tIm hcp--h-cp-am-Wv Fp-]-d-n-p-v. Ah Am-lp-hns hN-\ icnpw a\-n-em-b-Xn\ptijw amn-a-dn-p--h-cp-am-Wv, Ah-cpsS t\Xm- Ahtcm-Sv ]d-bpw: \psS Bi-b-n\v hncp--am-bmWv ]d-bp--sX-n kqn--Ww.
Amlp Bsc \mi-n-em-m-\p-t-in-p-p-thm, Ahsc AXn\nv c-s-Sp-p-h Bcp-anXs. Aq--cpsS lrZ-b- ipo-I-cn-m Amlp Dt-innn.
Aq-v Cl-n \ny-X-bpw, ]c-n AXn-I-Tn-\-amb in-bp-ap-v. (Ben-Cwdm: 71, CkvdmAv: 81, Ilv^v: 29, kp-a: 69,75, \Pvav: 28, Ahm-JznA: 95, lZo-Zv: 16,
AlmJ: 51, AAkv: 3 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I)
43.
\n \a-kvImcw \ne-\n-dp-p-Ibpw kwkvI-cW {]h\w \S-n-emp-Ibpw Ip\n-bp--h-tcm-sSmw Ip\n-bp-Ibpw sNp-hn!
Chn-Ss Ip\n-bpI (dpIq-Av sNpI) Fp]d-m, Am-lp-hns hn[n-hn-ep-I ]n]n Pohn-p Am-lp-hns kwL-n tNcpI Fm-Wv. l-v: 77
hnizm-kn-Isf hnfnv Amlp ]d-bpp: Hm hnizm-kn-Itf, \n Ip\n-bp-I-bpw,
kmjvSmwKw {]W-an-p-I-bpw, \n-fpsS \mY\pthn Pohn-p-Ibpw, \ {]hn-pIbpw sNpI\n- hnPbw hcn-p--Xn\pthn. Ben-Cw-dm: 43, Amlp adnb-ans\ hnfnv ]d-bpp: Hm adn-bta, \o \ns \mY\v IogvhW-p-h
- f
- m-hpI, kmjvSmwKw
{]W-an-p--h-fp-am-hp-I, Ip\n-bp--h-tcm-sSmw Ip\n-bp--h-fp-am-hp-I. Chn-sSbpw \akvIm-c-n Ip\n-bp--h-tcm-sSmw Ip\n-bpI F Bi-bw. Fm Cm-es
Nne I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I Amlp sImpI-f GXv I]SamcpsSbpw ]nmse XpSv
\a-kvI-cn-m-sa--Xn\v sXfn-hmbn Cu kqw sXmbn D-cn-m-dp-v.
44. \n P\--tfmSv ]pWywsImv In-p-Ibpw kzw Imcy-n

\nfXv ad-p-Ibpw sNp-pthm? \n-fm-h-s {Kw Xnem-hv sNp-h-cp-am-W-tm, Atm \n _pnbp]-tbm-Knv Nnn-p-nt?
aZo-\bn-ep PqX-m-cpsS Cu kz`mhw Cv I]ShnizmknIm-Wv D-Xv.
Jndm-Av (hm-b-\):- Jndm-Av Xs Jp-B-\ns Bibw Dm-Ip-tm
122
JpB\ns Bmhv
am{Xta \S-m-hq. \n Jndm-Av \S-pI, \nfpsS lrZbw AXp-ambn (Jp-B\ns Bi-b-hp-ambn) CW-p-tm. Ahcpw `nn-m (lr-Z-bhpw Jp-B-\ns
Bi-bhpw Xn) \n AXn-s\-smv Fgp-tv t]mhp-I. Am--]w HmXnb
Jp-B Ahs-Xn-cmbn kmywhln-p-Ibpw hmZn-p-Ibpw sNpw Fv \_n(k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v:
Xnemhv: Bi-b-apsmv kmh-Imiw \nn-\nn, {]Xn-I-cn-p-sImv
]mcm-bWw sNemWv Xnem-h-v. AYhm in-sb-p-dnpw \c-I-s-p-dnpw ]cmain-p-tm Am-lp-hn ic-Ww tXSn-smpw A\p-{K-l-, HuZm-cy-, kzKw
Fn-h-sb-p-dnv ]cm-ain-p-tm AXn\v AnpsImpw Amlp-hns\p-dnv
]cm-ain-p-tm Ahs k-bpw {]uVn-bpw {]`m-hhpw a\-n-ep-WpsImpw
Ahs\ ]pI-gvp-Ibpw ]cn-ip--s-Sp-p-Ibpw sNbvXp-sImpw; sNIp-m-s\-p-dnv
]d-bp-tm Ahs\ i]n-psImpw, Ahs Xn-bn\nv Am-lp-hn A`bw tXSnsm-pap Jp-B ]mcm-b-W-amWXv. hnizm-kn-I-, kzK-n-tept]mIp k\- ]pWymm- XpS-n-b-h-sc-p-dnv ]d-bp-tm Ah-cn tNm-\pw, I]-Shn-izm-kn-I
- \ntj-[n-I A{I-an-I {`mam- ey-t_m[w \-s-h
- {]bh
\ncm-i-s--h kwi-bm-ep- \mi-Im-cn-I h-Iam ]cn-[n-ew-Ln--h Xp-S-n-bh-sc-p-dnv ]cmain-p-tm Ah-cn tNmXn-cn-m\pw An-p-sIm-p JpB ]mcm-b-W-amWv Xnem-h-v. Jp-B hmb\ ]Tn Hcm ]noSv Xnem-hv
am{X-ta- sNmhq. AXm-bXv Xnemhv Fm Jp-B hmbn-pIbpw AXv P\v
FnpsImSp-p-Ibpw sNp-I F-XmWv. Xnem-h-p Jp-B-\n-\mWv \a-kvIm-cs-m apK-W\ sImSp-t--sXv AAv-dm^v: 170, AI-_qv: 45, ^mXzn: 29
Fo kq--fn\nv a\-n-em-mw.
Jp-B-\ns Bibw Adn-bp I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS Jp-B Xnem-h-mWv Cu
kq-n ]cm-ain-p--Xv. AY-hm, Xnem-h-psImpw ap\m-^n-Jp-Iv bmsXmcp
{]tbm-P-\-hp-an-. Imc-Ww, Ah Am-lp-hn-\m h[n--s--hcpw hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv JpB-\n aqv e--fn h[n-m In--s-- Ip^v^m-dp-Ifp-am-Wv. Ah ]d-bpXv {]hn-m--h-cpw, \pW-]-d-bp--h-cp-am-Wv. Ckvemapw Jp-B-\p-samw \-XpX-s-bm-Wv, Rsf Iv \n Ckvemans\ hne-bn-cp--cp-Xv. AYhm Idn \-XpX-s-bm-Wv, ]t Rv th, \nsfm-gn-maXn F an-emWv Ckvemant\mSpw Jp-B-\n-t\m-Sp-ap Ah-cpsS kao-]\w. kz^v^v: 23 Amlp tNmZnpp:
hnizm-kn-Itf, FmWv \n {]hn-m-Xv ]d-bp-Xv?, Am-lp-hns ASp henb Ip-amWv {]h-nm-Xv ]d-bpIsb-Xv. Cu kq-ns Xnem-hv
Xmsg ]dbpw hn[-am-Imhp-XmWv.
Am-lpth! Ah-cpsS Iq-n Rsf tN-cp-tX, Jp-B ]n]t--hn[w ]n]-p--h-cpsS Iq-n Rsf tNt-W-ta, Jp-B Rv A\p-Iqe-ambn kmn]d-bp-Xpw FXn-cmbn kmn ]d-bm-Xn-cn-p--Xp-am-t-W-ta, Rpthn hmZn-p-Xpw FXn-cmbn hmZn-m-Xn-cn-p--Xp-am-t-W-ta, Am-lpth ]pWymm--tfm-sSm-hpw hnP-bn-I-tfm-sSm-hpw ap-Jzo--tfm-sSm-hpw Rsf kzK-n
{]th-in-n-p-Ibpw sNt-W-ta.
A_-Jd (2)
123
Nnm-in \In-bnv AXp-]-tbm-K-s-Sp-n-bn-n-s-n Ahscpdnv Amlp

]c-tem-I-p-shv tNmZn-p- cwKw bmko: 62 ap-dn-bnv \Ipp: \n A[nI-t]-scbpw ssizm ]mn-em--n-bn-cn-p-I-bm-W-tm, Atm \n Nnn-p--hcm-bn-cp-nt?. Jp-B Inn-bn-v AXv D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-m Im^n-dp-I \msf \c-Ins ]mdm-hp-Im-tcmSv: R Jp-B\ns Bibw tIn-cp-sn, As-n Nnnn-cp-s-n, R- \cI-ns Bfp-IfmIp-am-bn-cp-n--tm-sb-v ]d-bp cwKw
apIv: 10 ap-dn-bnv \In-bn-p-v. Ben-Cw-dm: 65, A-Bw: 32, AAvdm^v: 169,
bq\p-kv: 16, lqZv: 51, bqkp-^v: 109, An-bm-Av: 10,67, apAvan\q: 80, Jkz-kv: 60, kzm^mv: 138 XpS-nb kq- Ah-km-\n-p--Xv, Atm \n Nnn-p-ntbm?
Fv tNmZnp-sIm-m-Wv. _Jd: 67,11-14 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
45.
\n a-sImpw \a-kvImcwsImpw klmbw tXSphn! \nbw

AXv (\a-kvImcw) Am-lp-hns\ `bsSp-hsm-gnsI Hcp henb `mcwX-s bmWv.
46. X-fpsS dns\ Ip-ap-p-sapw, \nbw Ahv Ah-\n-te-vXs

aS-n-s-tXps Dd-p--h-cpamWv Ah (Am-lp-hns\ `bs-Sp-h).
`qan-bn-tev \ntbm-Kn--b-Xv ]co--W-n\v hnt[-b-am-m-\mWv F t_m[tm-Sp-IqSn, Fm _pn-ap-p-Ifpw ti-fpw Zpcn-X-fpw tcmKfpw [\-\-fpw
ico-c-\-fpw, kXy-ns amK-n-ep Fm FXnp-I-fpw Amlphns Adnthm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bmsWv a\-n-emn, {km-hn `c-tan-p-sImv kXy-n Ddv
sscy-ambn \ne-sIm-fp-Xn\mWv a, XymKw, kl\w Fsmw ]d-bp--Xv. {]Xnk-n-Lfnepw {]bm-k--fnepw \a-kvImcwhgn {km-hp-ambn IqSn-mgvN \S-p-IbmWv \_n(k) -bpsS Ncy. Bmhv ]s-Sp-msX ico-cw-sIm-p \a-kvImcw
kzoI-cn--s-Sp-I-bn-sp am{X-a, hnn\nv Av sXdn-p-t]m-Ipw-hn[w Acw
\a-kvIm-cw-hgn Ah Zo\n\nv sXdn-p-t]m-Ip-Xpw \c-I-nse "hbv' F sNcphn B]-Xn-p--Xpam-Wv (AamDu: 45). \nbw kzoI-cn--s-Sp \a-kvImcw
\oNhpw \nIr--hp-amb {]h-\--sfsXmv Ahsc XS-bp--Xm-Wv (AI-_qv: 45)
apAvan\q: 12 kq--fn, X-fpsS \akvIm-c--fn `b`n-bp hnizm-kn-I
\nbw hnP-bnncn-pp Fp-]-d-n-pv.
Aq: 41-, Fm Poh-Pm-e-pw AXns \a-kvIm-c-co-Xn-bpw, Am-lp-hns\
hmgvp coXnbpw ]Tn-n-n-p-v.. _pn-in \IsSm Poh-Pm-e--sfmw
Bmhv sImmWv \a-kv-cn-p--Xv. Atm _pn-in \Is a\p-jycmbncn-Ww Ah-sb-m-sfmw \a-kvIm-c-n Am-lp-hns\ kvacn-p--h-cpw, `b-`-nbp--hcpamtI--Xv. Fm \_namcpw Da {]h-\--fn-tev [rXn ImWn-p--hcpw, Bin-p-sIm-pw, `b-s-p-sImpw \tmSv {]mn-p--h-cpw, `b-`n ImWnp-h
- c
- p-am-bn-cpp Fv An-bm-Av: 90- ]-d
n-p-v. Acw hnizm-kn-I Cs\
{]mn-p--h-cp-amWv
Am-lp-th, \o Rsf \ns `b-s-Sp--h-cpw, \ns hW-p--h-cpw, \ns
124
JpB\ns Bmhv
apn Xe-Ip-\n-p-- hn\o-X-cpw, \ns kvacn-p--h-cpw, \n\v \n -{]-I-Sn-n-p-hcpam-t-Wta. (Ben-Cw-dm: 199, apAvan\q: 57-61, bmko: 11, apIv: 12, _n\: 6
Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). ABw: 31 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
47.
Hm Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-Itf! Fs A\p-{K-l- \n-fpsSta hjnXpw \nsf k-tem-I-cn t{ijvT-cm-n-bXpw \n kvacn-phn!
Cu kqw _-Jd: 122 hopw Bhn-p-p-v. Am-lp Ckvdm-Cu kXn-Iv \Inb A\p-{K-l- XpSp kq--fn hnh-cn-p-p-v. CkvdmCu- k-Xn-Iv am{X-a-, BZw k-Xn-IsfXs t{ijvT-cmnsmv Amlp
\Inb A\p-{K-l- _Jd: 33- hni-Zo-Icnn-pv. Jp-B-\n t]scSpp -]d Ccp-]-n-Av -{]hm-N-Im-cn -]Ip-Xn-bn-e-[n-Ihpw, Deq AkvapI-fns aqk,
Cuk XpS-nb cp {]hm-N-I-mcpw Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-Ifn-emWv hn-p-Xv.
temIv Bpw \Im {]`m-hhpw {]uVnbpw cmPm-[n-]-Xyhpw \Is kpsseam \_nbpw ZmhqZv \_n-bpw, ]nXmhpw aI\pw {]hm-N-I-m-cm-bn-p aqp tPmUnIfpw Ah-cn-emWv hn-p-Xv. apl-Zv \_n(-k)sb \ntbm-Kn--s-Sp--Xn-\p- apv
temI-ns Xs t\XrXzw Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-I-fpsS ssII-fn-em-bn-cp-p. CsXmw
Ahv ap--h-sc-m-fp t{ijvT-XIfmWv.
48.
Hcp \mfns\ \n kqn-p-Ibpw sNp-I, Av Hcmmhpw asmcmmhn\v Hcp\nepw D]-Im-c-s-Sp-I-bn-, Hcm-mhn\npw ip]mi kzoIcn--s-Sp-I-bp-an, Hcm-m-hn\npw {]mb-nw (sX-w) kzoI-cn-s-Sp-I-bp-an-, Ah Hcp\nepw klm-bn--s-Sp-Xp-a-.
hn[n-Zn-h-ks hc-p-Im-Wn-p Cu kqw _-Jd: 123 hopw Bhnp-p-v. Av, Fm-hcpw H-sm--mWv Am-lp-hns apn Cl-tem-I-Po-hn-Xs-p-dnv Dcw ]d-tb-n-h-cnI. epJvam: 33 Amlp ]d-bp-p: Hm a\p-jy-tc,
\n \n-fpsS DS-a-bmb \mYs\ `b-s-Sp-I, Hcp \mfns\ kqn-p-Ibpw sNp-I.
Av Hcp ]nXmhpw Xs aI\pw, Hcp aI\pw Xs ]nXm-hn\pw Hcp-hn-[-nepw D]-Imc-s-Sp-I bn-. Xo-bmbpw Am-lp-hns hmKvZm\w kXy-am-Ip-p. ABw: 164,
Ckvdm-Av: 15, kpa: 7, ^mXzn: 18 XpS-nb kq--fn-semw `mcwhln-p Hcmfpw
asm-cm-fpsS `mcw hln--p-I-bn Fp]d-bp-p. ZpJm: 40-42 Amlp ]d-bpp:
\n-b-ambpw Ahscm-h-scbpw Hcp-an-p-Iqn Xocp-am\w I]n-p Hcp-Zn-\-ap-v. Av
Hcmfpw asm-cmv D]-Im-c-s-Sp-I-bn, Ah klm-bn--s-Sp-I-bp-an---A-m-lp-hns
ImcpWyw Inn-b-h-scm-gn-sI. \nbw Ah tNmZyw sN-s-Sm AP-\pw Icp-Wmhm-cn-[nbpw Xs-b-tm. ChnsS ImcpWyw sImp-t-in-p-Xv Jp-B-\ns Bibam-Wv. ^mnl: 3, A-Bw: 94 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
49.
\mw \nsf ^n-Hu {]`r-Xn-I-fn\npw c-s-Sp-n-bXv \n

Hmnp-Ibpw sNpI, Ah \nsf \njvTqc-amb in-I-fm ]oVnn-p-I-bpw, \n-fpsS Bk-m-\-sf Adp-sIme sNp-Ibpw, \nfpsS kv{XoIsf Pohn-m hnSp-Ibpw sNbvXp, AXn \nv, \nfpsS dns ]\n-p hn ]co--W-apmbn-cpp.
A_-Jd (2)
125
Chn-sS-sbmw \_n(-k)-bpsS apn-ep blq-Zn-I-sfbmWv, 1500 sImw apv Ignp-t]mb Ah-cpsS ]nXm--m-scpdnv "Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-Itf' Fv hnfnv A`nkw-t_m-[\ sNp--Xv. aZo-\-bn-ep blq-Zn-I Ah-cpsS ]nXm--msc hgn-sX-msX
]n]p-h-cmsWv Zpc-`n-am-\n-p-Ibpw, apl-Zv \_n sImp-h-Xv Ahv Bhiy-an-s \bw kzoI-cnv Al \Sn-v ]nn-cn-p-t]mhpIbpw sNbvX-XpsImmWXv. Cv apkven apl-Zv \_n(-k)bp-sSbpw A\p-bm-bn-I-fp-sSbpw amK-amWv
]n]-p-sXv Dn Al--cn-p-ps-nepw Ah-cpsS Pohn-X-hp-ambn Cs
apkvenv bmsXmcp _hp-an-m--Xp-t]m-seXs. AAvdm^v: 141, C-_vdm-low: 6
Fnh kam\mibap kq--fm-Wv. (J-kz-kv: 4, apAvan: 37-45, ZpJm: 30 Iqn-hmbn-p-I)
50.
\npthn \mw kap-{Zs ]nfn-bXpw As\ \nsf cs-Sp-n-bXpw \n t\mn-\ns ^n-Hu {]`r-Xn-Isf apn-smXpw Hman-p-I.
\_n-am-cpsS Ncn-{X-n aqkm \_n(-A)-bpsS Ncn-{X-amWv Jp-B-\n IqSp-X

e--fn hnh-cn-n-p--Xv. Rm Xs-bmWv AXyp--X-\mb dv Fv {]Jym-]n
GIm-[n-]-Xnbpw tkzOm-[n-]-Xnbpamb ^n-Hu, Xs {]P-Isf cmbn Xncnv Hcp
hn`m-K-amb Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-Isf ASn--ap-Ibpw, Ah-cpsS kv{XoIsf Pohn-m
hnSpIbpw Bk-m-\-sf sImp-I-f-bp-I-bpw sNbvXp-sImv `qan-bn \miw hnXbvp-I-bm-bn-cp-p. Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-I-fn\np Hcm Ahs A[n-Imcw ssIem-p-sa ]nim-Nns Zpt_m-[\w `b-s-n-mbn-cp-nXv. Fm aqkm P\n DSs\
Ipnv ape-sIm-Spv Hcp s]n-bn-em-n- \Zn-bn-sem-gp--W-sav aqkm-bpsS amXm-hn\v
Amlp t_m[\w\In. \Zn-bn-eqsS Hgp-In-s s]n ^n-Hus sImm-c-n\np--h F-Spv sImm-c-n sImp-t]m-bn- Xp-dpt\mn-b-tm Ipnsb I
^n-Hu-\ns `mcy (B-ky) F\npw Xmpw IIpfnatb-Ip Cu Ipnsb
h[n--cp-sXpw \ap-n-hs\ Hcp Zp-]p-{X-\mbn kzoI-cnm-sapw ]d-p. AX-\pk-cnv Ipnv apesImSp-m Bfp-Isf Wn-p-sImv hnfw-_cw sNp-Ibpw Atm
Ipnsb eyw-shv ]np-Sn-cp ktlm-Zcn AhnsS Fn-t-cp-Ibpw \npw
Ipn-pw KpWwImwnp Hcp IpSpw-_-spdnv hnhcwXcm-sav ]d-bp-Ibpw
sNbvXp, As\ Amlp kzam-Xm-hn-s\-smv Xs aqkmv ape-sIm-Sp-n-p. apeIp-Sn-{]mbw Ign Ipnsb sImm-c-n-ten-p-Ibpw AhnsS Fm-hn[ kuI-cy-tfmSpwIqSn hfp-h-cn-Ibpw sNbvXp.
bphXzw {]m]n-- aqk ]-W-n {]th-in--tm cm-fp I iWvT IqSp-Xv
Ip. AXn Hcm Xs hwi-ns--h\pw a-h i{Xp-hw-i-amb Jzn_vXn-bp-ambncp-p. Xs hwi-ns--hs klm-bm-`y-\-p-cw \Insmv aqk
Jn_vXnsb Hcp sXmgn sImSp-p. Atm Ahs IY- I-gnp. Am-lp-hns \maw
kva-cn-msX (_nkvan sNmm-sX) sXmgn--Xp-sIm-v ssizm-\mWv B {]hrn sNbvXsXv aqkm A\p-kva-cn-p-Ibpw Am-lp-hn-t\mSv s]mdp--ens\tXSp-Ibpw Amlp
AXv s]mdp-psIm-Sp-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. ]ntZnhkw cmhnse kw`-h-K-Xn-I Adn-bp-Xn-\p-thn `b-tmsS Hfnpw ]Xnpw ]-W-n {]th-in aqkm Cse
126
JpB\ns Bmhv
klmbw A`yn AtX hyn asm-cm-fp-ambn iWvT IqSp--Xm-Wv IXv. Ah

aqkm-tbmSv hopw klm-b-an--tm, \nbw \o Hcp hy-amb ZpamKn-bmWv
Fp]d-p-sImv aqk Ahsc cp-t]-scbpw ths-Sp-m sNp. Cse Hcmsf
sIm- X p- t ]mse Cv Fsbpw sImm- \ mtWm aqkm \o Dt- i n- p- Xv Fv
tNmZnpsImv Ah aqkmp t\sc Xncn-p. Atm-tgpw ]-W-ns Atbp-\nv Hcm HmSnhv A[n-Im-cn-I aqkmsb {]Xn-{In-b-p-thn At\z-jn-p-pshnhcw ]d-p. CXv tI aqk `b-tm-Sp-IqSn Hfnpw]Xnpw Am-lp-hnt\mSv
{]mn-psImv aZvb-\n-tev lnPvd t]mbn. aZvb-\n Fn-b aqk X-fpsS BSpIv shw sImSp-p HcpkwL-n-emWv Fn-s--Xv. cv kv{XoI Xnnepw
Xnc-nepw s]SmsX Hgn-p-amdn \np-Xv I aqk Ah-cpsS BSp-Iv shw
IpSn-n-p. kv{XoI honsv ]nXm-hns\ hnh-c-a-dn-bnpI-bpw, Ah-cn-sem-cph,
oWn-X-\mbn Hcp ac-p-h-n Am-lp-hn-t\mSv klm-b-a-`yn-p-sIm-n-cn-p aqkmbpsS ASpphcn-Ibpw, BSp-Iv shw IpSn-n--Xn\v Iqen \Imthn ]nXmhv
Xmsf hnfn-p-p-sv ]d-bp-IbpwsNbvXp. hon-se-nb aqkm-tbmSv ]nXmhv Imcy-sfmw tNmZn--dn-p. AhnsS Ah-cpsS BSp-Isf tav Ah-cpsS tPmen-m-c-\mbn
Npcp-n-bXv Fp-hjw Xmakn-W-sa hyh--bn cp-s]a--fn-sem-cmsf
hnhmlw sNbvXp-sIm-Sp-p.
AhnsS ]phjw Xma-kn aqk IpSpw-_-tm-sSmw CuPn-]vXn-tev aS-p-Ibm-bncpp. Atm Xzq ]-X-\n-c-bn shfnw ImWp-Ibpw shfnw At\z-jn-psN aqkm-tbmSv Amlp kwkm-cn-p-Ibpw ^n-Hu\n-tev {]hm-N-I-\mbn \ntbm-Knp-Ibpw sNbvXp. BSpIv Ce s]mgnvsImSp-m\pw hgn Xn--Sv \S-m\pw
apw aqkm D]-tbm-Kn-n-cp hSn Am-lp-hns I\{]Imcw ]mmbn amdp-I, In- ssI FSp-p-sh-m sh-\n-d-n In-{]-Im-in-p ssI-n Fnh
cv Zrm--ambn \IpI-bpw, IqsS aqkm-bpsS Bh-iy-{]-Imcw ktlm-Z-c lmdq\ns\bpw {]hm-NI
- \
- mbn \ntbm-Kn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Am-lp-hns Zrm-
- fpw sImv
^n-Hu-\ns ASp-p-h aqkmbpw lmdq\pw Ahs\ k-tem-I
- f
- psSbpw DS-ab
- ntev
Wn-p (Jzkkv: 140 t\mp-I) Zrm-- Iv Am-lp-hns\ kzoI-cn-p--Xn\p
]Icw ^n-Hu IqSp-X [nm-cn-bm-bn amdp-I-bm-Wp-m-b-Xv. aqkmbpw lmdq\pw ]Tn
amc-W-m-cm-sWpw IsI-p-Im-cm-sWpw ]d-v \mn-ep- amc-W-msc hnfnv
acw kwL-Sn-n-p. a-c-n aqkm AXn-P-bn--tm amc-W-m H-Sw kpPqZn (kmmwKw) hoWp-sImv R aqkm-bpsSbpw lmdq-\n-sbpw dn hniz-knn-cn-pp Fv {]Jym-]n-p. Atm Ahsc ^n-Hu \njvTq-c-ambn ssIbpw Imepw
CS-hnv tOZnv {Iqinv sImp. \nsbpw \ns Cem-lp-I-sfbpw Hgn-hm-n-smv
`qan-bn \mi-ap-m-m aqkm-sbbpw lmdq-\n-s\bpw hnSp-I-bmtWm Fv Z_m-dnse
-apJy-am ^n-Hu-t\mSv tNmZn-p. adp-]-Sn-bmbn ^n-Hu hopw Ckvdm-Cu k-XnI-fpsS kv{XoIsf Pohn-m hnp-sImv Bk-m-\-sf h[n-m Iev\ ]pd-sSp-hn-p.
^n-Hu-\ns in `b-sv aqkm-bpsS P\-Xbn Hcp]nSn bphm- am{Xta
hniz- k n- n- c p- p- q. X- f psS hoSv tI{- a mn hnizm- k n- I - \a- k v I mcw \ne\nWsav aqkm-tbmSpw lmdq-\n-t\mSpw Amlp In-p. hnhn[ Zrm--
A_-Jd (2)
127
ImWnv {]t_m-[\w sNsnpw ^n-Hu kXy-n-tev Hcn-epw XncnphcmsX

sXm-Sn-bmb I]-S-hn-izm-kn-bmbn amdn-b-tm Amlp aqkm(-A)-tbmSv {]mn-m
Iev]n-p. AX-\p-k-cnv Ahs kpw ku`m-Ky-fpw m\-am-\--fp-samw FSpp-I-f-b-Wsapw, thZ-\m-P-\-I-amb in ImWp-tm-g-msX Ah hniz-kn-m-\nShcm-hn[w Ah-cpsS lrZ-b-sf ITn-\-am--W-sapw aqk(A) {]mn-p. {]m-\p-cw \In-smv _\o Ckvdm-Cu-ep-Im-scbpw Iqn cm{Xn-p-cm{Xn ]pd-s-Sm
aqkmtbmSv Amlp In-p. hnh-c-a-dn ^n-Hu ]m-fs kzcq-]nv Ahsc
]np-Sp. sN-S Xoc-s-nb aqkm-tbmSv hSn-sImv IS-en-e-Sn-m Amlp
In-p. kap{Zw ]nfv shw cv ae-I-sf-tmWw amdn-\n-p (A-p-A-dm-Av: 63)
As\ kap-{Z-nse hc hgnbneqsS (Xzml: 77) _\o Ckvdm-Cu-ep-Im adp-I-c-bnsen. aqkm-tbmSv kap{Zw ]nf-\n-e-bn Xs hnSm In-p (A-p-Jm: 24)
Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-I `b-tm-Sp-IqSn adp-I-c-bn t\mn-\nt ^n-Hu-s\bpw
kwL-sbpw B hgn-bn-tev ASp-n-p-Ibpw, a[y-n-se-nb Ahsc aeIsf-tmWw
amdn-\n-n-cp shs ASp-nv apn-sm-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. dqlv sXm-p-gn-bn-senb ^n-Hu, Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-I GsXmcp Cem-ln-emtWm hniz-kn-Xv Ah\n Rm\nXm hniz-kn-p-p, Ah-\v PohmWw sNbvX hcn s]h-\pam-bncn-pp
Fv {]Jym-]np, Amlp adp-]Sn \In: Ctgm? CXn-\p-apv \o [nm-cn-bmb \miIm-cn-X-s-bm-bn-cp-p. Atm Ct Znhkw \ns ]nn-ep P\v Hcp Zrm-sa-tmWw \ns ico-cs \mw c-s-Spn kqn-p--Xm-Wv (bq-\pkv: 8392).
GI-tZiw 2800 sImmew kap-{Z-n kqn B ico-cw Cv CuPn-]vjy ayqknb-n-emWp--Xv. ^n-Hu-\ns ico-cs-p-dn-p Cu kq-w, _mnbp 6235
kq-fpsS Bibw Fm-sWv At\z-jnv a\-n-em-p -hv am{X-amWv Zrm-ambn amdp--Xv. (AAvdm^v: 103-127, Xzmlm: 3752, ApA-dm-Av: 10-66 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I)
51.
\mw aqkm-v \m]Xv \mfp-I kw`m-j-W-n\v (ap-\m-Pm-n-\p-th-n)

hmKvZw sNbvXXpw Hman-t-XmWv, Fm ]noSv \n At-ln\p tijw ]ip-pnsb (-ssZ-h-am-bn) kzoI-cn-p. As\ \n A{Ian-Ifmbn-o-p.
52.
]ns, AXn-\p-tijw AXpw \mw \nv amm-np, \n \nbp--h- Xs-bm-IWw F-Xn\pth-n.
_Jd: 56,185, Ben-Cw-dm: 123, amCZ: 6,89, A^m: 26, \lv: 16,78, lv: 36,
Jkzkv: 73, Adqw: 46, ^mXzn: 12, Pmknb: 12 Fo kq--fpw Ah-km-\n-p-Xv,
"\n \n-bp--h- Xs-bm-IWw F-Xn\pth-n' F Bi-b-n-em-Wv.
53.
aqkmv \mw {Khpw kXym-k-Xy-hn-th-N-\-am-\-Z-hpw \In-bXpw

Hmant-XmWv\n kmKw {]m]n--h X-s-bm-IWw F
Xn\pthn.
_Jd: 150, Ben-Cw-dm: 103, AAvdm^v: 158, \lv: 15, kpKvdp^v: 10 Fo kqfpw Ah-km-\n-p-Xv, "\n kmKw {]m]n--hX-s-bm-IWw F-Xn\pthn' F Bi-b-n-em-Wv.
128
54.
JpB\ns Bmhv
aqkm Xs P\-X-tbmSv ]d-Xpw HmtXm-Wv. Hm! Fs P\ta!
\nbw \n ]ip-p-nsb (C-em-lm-bn) kzoI-cn-p-I-hgn \n \ntfm-Sp-Xs A{Iaw {]hn-n-cn-p-p. Atm \n \n-fpsS {kmhn-tev tJZnp aS-p-Ibpw \n \n-sf-s h[n-p-Ibpw sNpI. AXmWv \nv \n-fpsS {kmhns-b-Sp- D-a-am-bn-p--Xv.
Atm Ah \n-fpsS ]m-m]w kzoI-cn-tpw. \nbw Ah
Gsd ]m-m]w kzoI-cn-p--h\pw Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[nbpw Xs-bm-Ip-p.
Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-Isf IS ISn c-s-Sp-n-b-Xn-\p-tijw Ahv

amKZi\w \Ip--Xn-\p-thn Amlp aqkm \_nsb apXv Znhkw \n-bnv
hnfn-p. ]noSv ]v Znhkw Iqn-tv AXv \mev]Xv Znh-k-amn (A-Av-dm^v: 142).
ktlm-Z-c lmdq\ns\ Xs P\-X-bn Xs {]Xn-\n-[n-bmbn \n-bn-mbn-cpp aqkm
t]mb-Xv. Fm, Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-I "kman-cn'-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-n Ah-cpsS B`c-W
- s
- fmw Dcp-mthn Hcp Xop-WvT
- n-enp. ]nim-Nns klm-b
- m "kmancn'
Ahv B Xop-WvT-n\nv ap{I-bn-Sp ico-c-tm-Sp-Iq-Snb Hcp ]ip-p-nsb
hms-Sp-v, CXmWv \n-fpsS Cem-lv. aqkm-bpsS Cemlpw CXp-X-s-bm-Wv. AXv
\nsf Adn-bn-m aqkm ad-p-t]mbXm-Wv Fp]d-p. lmdq \_n AhtcmSv
]dp: Hm! Fs P\ta CXpaptJ\ \n ]co-n--sv \mi-n-e-I-s-Sp-I-bm-Wv.
\nbw \n-fpsS dv ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I-\mb \njv]--hm-\m-Wv. AXp-sImv \n
Fs ]n]-p-Ibpw Fs Iev-\-I A\p-k-cn-p-Ibpw sNphn. aqkm R-fntev Xncnphcp--Xp-hsc R CXns\ ]qPn-p-Xv Hcn-epw \np-I-bnsv
]dv Ah lmdq \_nsb h[n-m\pZyan-p-sImv HXp-nfp. Cu hnhcw
Amlp aqkm \_nsb Adn-bn-p. XpSv tIm]m-Ip-e\pw \ncm-i-\pambn Xs P\-Xbn-tev Xncnph aqk, Am-lp-hn\npw Innb ê-I- (10 I-\-I) hens-dn-bp-Ibpw ktlm-Z-c lmdq\ns Xe-ap-Snbpw XmSnbpw ]nSn-p-h-env, Fs A`m-hn Fv {]mXn-\n-[y-amWv \n ssIsm--Xv, \n-fpsS dns Imcy-n
\n [rXn-s-pthm? Fp tNmZnpIbpw sNbvXp. lmdq adp-]Sn ]dp: Fs
amXm-shm ktlm-Zcm, Fs apSnbpw XmSnbpw ]nSn-phen-t, \ns hmn\v Imncn-msX Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-Isf Rm `nn-np Fv \o ]d-bp-sav Rm `b-sp, Ah-scs _e-lo-\-\mn HXpn sImp-sa-m-bn, AXp-sImv Fs i{Xp-v
Nncn-m hI \Ipw-hw \o Ah-cpsS apnshv FtmSp s]cp-am-dt, Fs
Ccw A{I-an-I-fmb P\-X-bpsS Iq-n Ds-Sp-p-Ibpw sNt. Atm aqkm
(A) {]mnp: Fs \mYm F\npw Fs ktlm-Z-c\pw \o s]mdp-p-X-cn-Ibpw
R-sf \o \ns al-mb Imcp-Wy-n {]th-in-n-p-Ibpw sNtWta. \o IcpW
sNp--h-cn Ghpw\mbn IcpWsNp--h-\-tm. (Xzml: 83-94, AAvdm^v: 150
Iqn-hm-bn-p-I) ]ip-hns\ Dm-p-Xn\v t\XrXzw hln ap\m-^n-Jmb "kman-cn'tbmSv ""Fs \-cpXv'' (Fs hnizkn--cp-Xv) Fv Bhnv ]d-p-sImv ewhn-Sm aqkm Ievn-p. ]ip-hns\ Icnv \Zn-bn-sem-gp-p-Ibpw sNbvXp (Xzml: 95-98).
]ip-hns\ Dm-m Iqp-\n Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-I- ]c-kv]cw h[n-Wsa
Am-lp-hns Iev\ aqkm-\-_n Adn-bn--X-\p-k-cnv \nb-{-W-an-msX h[w \S-pIbpw Ans\ 70,000 t] ]c-kv]cw h[n--s-SpIbpw sNbvXp. AXn h[n--s
\njvI-f--cmb Bfp-Iv Am-lp-hns amK-n c-km-nXzw hlnhcpsS
A_-Jd (2)
129
{]Xn-^-e-ap-sv \_n ]Tn-n-n-pv.

]qn-I -i-co-A-n CXp-t]m-ep thsdbpw kw`-h-fpw \S-n-p-v. DZm-lcW-ambn, Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-I hyXn-N-env _Av tZhnsb Bcm-[n-n-cp Imev
Cbmkv \_nsb Ah-cn-tev {]hm-NI
- \
- mbn \ntbm-Kn-p-Ibpw At-l
- ns tat\m-n Ccp-Iq-cpw _enbn-pIbpw, _en kzoI-cn--Xns sXfn-hmbn BIm-i-p\nv Xo hv Icn-p-I-f-bp-Ibpw sNp-I-bp-m-bn. Cu kw`-hs ap\nn-bmWv
BenCwdm: 183- blq-Zn-I apl-Zv \_n-tbmSv ]d-Xv: ""Xo Icnp If-bp _en
sImp-h-cp--Xp-hsc Hcp {]hm-N-I-\nepw hniz-kn--cpsXv R-tfmSv Amlp DSSn sNbvXnpv Fv. BZw km-\-fpsS _en kzoI-cn--Xn\v sXfn-hmbpw CXpt]mse Xo hp Icn kw`-h-ap-m-bn-p-v (am-CZ: 27). \^vkv (B-m-hv) krn--h\v
Fpw icocw krn--h\v Fpw ]d-bp-p. Cu kw`-h--fn\n-smw Adn-nv
Ipw sNp--hv amn-spw Ah-tcm-SmWv Am-lp {]Xn-Imcw sNpIsbpw a\n-emmw. Am-lp-hns {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fm-b-XpsImv hnizm-kn-Iv Adnnv aqSnsh-p I]-Sh
- n-izmknI-tfmSv am{X-amWv {]Xn-Im-ca
- t- \m-`m-ha
- p-m-hp-I. Hcp Ipw Im
ssIsImv XS- b - W w, AXn\v km[y- a - s - n \mhpsImv XS- b Ww, AXn\pw
km[yasn a\-p-sImv shdp-W
- w- Fpw, a\-p-sImv shdp-n-n-s-n ]ns
Ah-\n hnizmk-ns Awiwt]mepw Dm-bn-cn-p-I-bn Fpw \_n (k) ]Tn-nn p-v.
55.
\n ]d-Xpw Hmt-Xm-Wv. Hm! aqkm, Am-lp-hns\ IpsImv

t\cn ImWp-Xphsc R Hcn-epw \nn hniz-kn-p-I-bn.
Atm \n t\mn\nt CSn-\mZw \nsf ]nSn-Iq-Sn.
56.
]ns \nfpsS acWn-\p-tijw \mw \n-sf ]p\-o-hn-n-p. \n

\nbp--h-cm-hp-I-Xs thWsa--Xn-\p-th-n.
Am-lp-hns\ t\cn ImW-W-sav Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-I Bh-iy-s {]Imcw

]{v tKm{X--fn\n-mbn Fgp-]Xv {][m-\n-Isf sXc-s-Spv aqkm Xzq ]X-\n-c-I-fn-tev \S-p. Ahsc Hcp {]I-\m Amlp kvX_v[-cmn hogvn.
Atm aqkm(-A) {]mnp: Fsbpw Ch-scbpw CXn-\p-ap-p-Xs \o Dt-in-pI-bm-sWn \in-n-m-am-bn-cp-p. R-fn\n-p hnUvVn-I {]hn--Xns
ê-ambn \o Rsf \in-n-p-bmtWm? A, CXv \ns ]co-Ww Xs-bm-Wv.
CXp-ap-tJ\ \o Dt-in--hsc hgn-tI-Sn-em-p-Ibpw \o Dt-in--hsc k-amKn-em-pIbpw sNp-p. \o am{X-amWv R-fpsS kwc--I. Atm \o Rv s]mdpp- X mepw, \ns ImcpWyw R- f n hjn- nmepw, \o s]mdp- p- - h - c n
Ghpw\mbn s]mdp-p--h-\-tm (A-Av-dm^v: 155). Atm Amlp Ahsc
]p\ohn-n-p. Xzq ]-Xs Hcp IpS-sb-tmWw Ah-cpsSta hogvp-sa
an Dbn, ""\nv \mw \In-bXv apdpsInSn-pI AXn-epsXmw lrZ-bwsImv Hmn-p-Ibpw sNp-I, \n ap-Jo--fm-hp-I- XsthWw F-Xn-\p-thn'' Fv _Jd: 63, A-Av-dm^v: 171 kq--fn ]d-bp-p-v. Ckm: 3 Amlp
]d-bp-p: \nbw \mw a\p-jyv cm-semcp amKwHp-In \n-bp-sS As-n
130
JpB\ns Bmhv
\n-tI-Sn-s amKw sXsc-s-Sp-m-\p kzmX-{yw sImSp-p. Aw-kv: 710epw

CtX-Imcyw Xs-bmWv ]cm-ain-p--Xv. (XKm_p: 2, _-e-Zv: 10 Iqn-hm-bn-pI).
Hmtcm Bm-hn\pap kzKhpw \c-Ihpw Ah-c-h Xs-bmWpm-p--Xv. \nbpsS amKw ]n]-n-b-hv kzK-n-tepw \n-tI-Sns (Im^n-dns) amKw ]n]n-b-hv \c-I-n-tepw t]mImw. Amlp \njv]--hm-\m Wv, Bscbpw kzK-ntetm \c-I-n-tetm Bp-n-, A-h-c-h-cpsS hgn-tI-Sn\v ]nim-Nn-s\bpw Ipw]dnv Imcyapm-hp-I-bn-sv C_vdm-low: 22- ap-dn-bnv \In-bn-p-v. (^mnl:
2 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI)
Am-lpth Rsf \o \ns kvacn-p--hcpw \n\v \n {]I-Sn-n-p--h-cpam-t-W-ta, Jp-B-\ns Bibw a\-n-emn app-I-gn-p-t]mb sXp-Ip---sfmw
Ab-hn-dn \ntmSv Gp-]-dv P\n--Xp-t]mse \nn-tev Xncn-p-h-cm A\p-{K-lntWta.
57.
\mw \nv taLns XW hncn-Xpw \n-fpsSta ambpw

khmbpw Cd-n-bXpw HmanpI, \mw Cdnb ]cn-ip--amb `-Whn-`h
-
- \n Xnp-I. Ah \tmSv A{Iaw {]hn-n-n-, Fm
Ah Ah-tcmSp- (kz-tmSv) -X-s-bmWv A{Iaw {]hn-n-p--Xv.
Cu kq-ns kam\m-ibw AAvdm^v: 160 kq-`m-K-ambn hn-p-v. CuPn]vXn\nv IS ISn c-s-Sp-nb Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-Isf ko\m acp-`q-an-bn
Xma-kn-nn-cp Imev Ahv t]mj-Imw-i--f-S-nb Iw t]mep abpw,
ImSn hn`m-K-ns] khbpamWv `-W-ambn Cd-n-bn-cp--Xv. \tmSv Ah A{Iaw {]hn-n-n- Fm Ah Ah-tcmSv Xs-bmWv A{Iaw {]hn-Xv
F-Xns hnh-, Amlp \njv]--hm-\m-Wv, kzKhpw \c-Ihpw Hmtcm-cp-cpw
]Wn-tb-XmWv, \ Am-lp-hn \npw, Xn Ah-c-h-cn \np-amWv FmWv (An-km-Av: 78-79 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI). A-lv: 33,118, AI-_q-v: 40, Adqw: 9
XpS-nb kq--sfmw Ah-km-\n-p-Xv, \tmSv Ah A{Iaw {]hn-n-n-,
As-n \mw Ah-tcmSv A{Iaw {]hn-n-n-, Fm Ah kz-tmSv XsbmWv A{Iaw {]hn-p-sImncp-Xv F Bi-b-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. kpKvdp-^v: 76
\mw Ah-tcmSv A{Iaw {]hn-n-n-, Fm- Ah A{Ian-I Xs-bm-bn-cpp
F Bi-b-n-em-Wv. bq\p-kv: 106- Amlp \_n-tbmSv ]d-bpp: \o Am-lp-hns\
IqSmsX \n\v D]- I m- c tam D]- { Z- h tam sNm- - h sb hnfnv {]mn- - c p- X v .
\osbm\pw As\ sNbvXm \o A{I-an-I-fn s]-h Xs-bm-bn-cn-pw. ABw:
52 t\mpI.
58.
\mw ]d k`hpw Hmt-Xm-Wv. Cu \mn {]th-in-p-sIm-pIbpw AXnse `Whn`-h- \n Dt-in-pw-hn[w kp`n--ambn

Bl-cn-p-sIm-pIbpw, AXnse Ihm-S-- kpPqZn-embnsImpw "lnzXp' Fv D-cnpsImpw {]th-in-pIbpw sNphn. \mw \nv
\n-fp-sS Ip--sfmw s]mdp-p-X-cn-Ibpw, Am-lp-hns\ Ip-sImv
Ncn-p--hv (IqSp-X kpIrXw sNm Ah-kcw) hn-np-Ibpw
A_-Jd (2)
131
sNpXp-am-Wv.
AXnse IhmS kpPq-Zn-em-bn-smv {]th-in-pI Fp]d-m apJwIpn
{]th-inp-I, \pgpIb-dpI Fsm-p-a; adnv "Amlv' F kvac-Wt- bmSpw {]m\-tbmSpwIqSn {]th-in-pI Fm-Wv. AYhm AXnse \nhm-kn-I-tfmSv KpW-Imwbph-cm-bn-smpw Am-lp-hns hn[n-hn-e-p-I ({K-w) A\p-k-cnv Pohn-m Ahsc
t_m[n-n-psImpw D]-tZ-in-psImpw {]th-in-pI Fv kmcw. XuloZns hmv
D-cn-p-sIm-pw, s]mdp--en-s\ tXSn-smpw, kam-[m\w Fp-]-d-p-sImpw {]thin-pI FmWv "lnz-Xp Fp-]-dv {]th-in-pI' F-Xns hnh-. (Ankm-Av: 154, A-Avdm^v: 161 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
59.
Atm A{I-an-I-fmb Aq- \mw Ah-tcmSv ]d hmns\ asmmn amn-a-dn-p. Atm \mw B A{I-an-I-fpsStaAh sXm-SnIfpw [nm-cn Ifpw Bbncp--Xn\mBIm-i-n\npw Z\and-n.
Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-Iv Amlp \n-bnnp ê-kvXzo\n {]th-in-phm thn aqkm(-A) Ah-tcmSv ]d-bpIbpw Ah-cn\n-p ]{v {]ap-J-amsc
B{]tZiw \nco-n-mthn ]d--b-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Xncn-p-hv Ah-cn\np cp-t]-scm-gnv _mn-bp--h ]d-Xv: ""\nbw B \mn-epXv a-m-cmb
Hcp P\-X-bm-Wv, Ah-c-hnsSbp Ime-tmfw R-f-hnsS {]th-in-p-I-bn, Ah-c-hnsS-\np t]mhp-I-bm-sW-n R-f-hnsS {]th-in-p-sImmw''FmWv. Atm Ahcn\n-p Am-lp-hns\ `b-s-Sp cp-t] ]dp: ""\n-f AhnsS {]th-inp-sIm-p-I, \n-f-hnsS {]th-in-m \nX-s-bmWv AXn-P-bn-p-I. \n hnizmkn-I-fm-sW-n Am-lp-hnemWv `c-tant-Xv. Atm Ah ]dp: ""Ah
Ahn-sS-bp-- Imetmfw R AhnsS Hcn-epw {]th-in-p-I-bn-, \obpw \ns
dpw t]mbn bpw sNp-I. R ChnsS Ccn-p-I-bm-Wv.'' Atm aqkm (A)
]dp: ""Fs \mYm! F\nv Fsbpw ktlm-Z-c-sbpw Imcy-n am{Xsa kzm[o\-ap-q. Atm Rpw sXm-Sn-I-fmb Cu P\-X-bvp-an-S-bn \o thXn-cn-hpm-nbmepw'' Amlp ]dp: ""B \mSv \mev]Xphjtv Ahv \njn-amWv, Ah `qan-bn Aep Xncnp ]nSn-h-n-bn-msX (B-m-\-an-m-sX) \S-p-Xm-Wv. AXp-sImv sXm-Sn-I-fmb Cu P\-X-bpsSta \o ZpxJn-t-Xn'' Fv
am-CZ: 20-26 ]d-n-p-v. (AAvdm^v: 161162, AI-_q-v: 34 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
Ah-tcmSv ]d hmns\ asm-mn amn-a-dn-p Fp-]-d--Xns hnh-,
Ah B \mn {]th-in--tm, R Am-lp-hns C-Zm-kamcm-sWpw, Cu
\mSv Amlp Rv hmKvZw sNbvXXmsW-pw, AXp-sImv \n ]pd-pt]m-I-W-sapap Alm-c-nsbpw [nm-c-n-sbpw hmpIfpw {]I-S-\-hp-amWv
ImgvN-sh-Xv FmWv. Atm BIm-i-p-\npw Amlp tKv t]mep ]Ihym-[n-I Cdn Ahsc inn-p.
60.
aqkm Xs P\- X bv pthn shw tXSn- b Xpw Hmt- Xm- W v .

Atm \mw Ievnp: \ns hSnsImv B In ASn-p-I, Atm
AXn\nv ]{v Dd-h-I s]mnsbm-gp-In, Fm Hmtcm P\-Xbpw Ah-
132
JpB\ns Bmhv
cpsS sh-sa-Sp-t -ew a\-n-em-n. Am-lp-hns hn`-h-fn\nv \n XnpIbpw IpSn-p-Ibpw sNpI. \n `qan-bn
\mi-Im-cn-I-fmbn hnl-cn-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNpI.
_Jd: 57 apX 60 hsc-bp Cu kq- AAv-dm^v: 160-162epw hnp-v.
61.
\n ]d-Xpw Hmt-Xm-Wv. Hm! aqkm, Htc-Xcw `-Ww-sImv

Hcn-epw Rv an-m Ign-bp-I-bn-. Atm \o \ns dnt\mSv Rp-thn {]mn-p-I. `qan-bn\nv apf-p-h-cp Noc,
I-cn (a), tKmXv, Izmfn-^vfh, ]cn-p-hK (]b-dp-hK),
Dn-hK- XpSn (Fm ]--dn-Ifpw, [m\y-fpw) D]m-Zn-n-p-Xcm ]d-bWw. aqkm ]dp: \n D-a-amb hkvXp- (am,
kh)v ]Icw \nmc-am-bXv tXSp-Ib
- m-tWm?, \n ankvdn-tev tNtdpI, \nbw AhnsS \n tNmZn-p-s
- Xmw \np-v; ]Xn-Xzhpw
ssZ\y-Xbpw AhcpsSta ]Xn-p-Ibpw Am-lp-hn\np tIm]-n\v
Ah Cc-bm-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp. AXn\v ImcWw \nbw Ah Am-lphns kqsf aqSn-sh-n cp--Xp-sImpw \_n-amsc A\ym-b-ambn
h[n-p-sIm-n-cp-X
- n\mep-am-Wv. AsX, Ah [nm-cn-Ifpw ]cn[n ewLn
AXn-{I-aImcnI-fp-am-bXn\mem-WXv.
amCZ: 26{]Imcw, AhtcmSv ê-kvXo-\n tNtdn Xma-kn-m ]d--tm,

AXn\v Xm-dm-Im-XpsImv Ah- `qan-bn Ae-p-Xn-cnp \S-p-sapw, \mev]Xp
hjw ê-kvXo Ahv \njn--am-sWpw Amlp hnfw-_cw sNbvXp. B kabv Ap-A-dm-Av: 59, ZpJm: 28 kq- {]Imcw Ah-cn Hcp hn`mKw CuPn-]vXnte-p-Xs Xncn-p-t]m-bn ^n-Hu\pw {]`r-Xn-Ifpw Bkz-Zn-n-cp tXm-fpw Acp-hnIfpw Irjn-Ifpw av sImm-c--fp-w m\-am-\-fpsamw A\p-`-hn-p-sImv AhnsS
Xma-k-ampIbpw sNbvXp. Fm {ItaW \n-sI--hcpw [nm-cn-I-fp-am-bn-o-Xn\m Ah-cpsS sFIyw XI-cp-I-bpw, ssZ\y-Xbpw On{Z-Xbpw DS-se-Sp-p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
[mcmfw \_n-amsc Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-I A\ym-b-ambn h[n-n-p-v. CkvdmCu cmPm-hns Z_m-dn-ep \-Insb Xr]vXn-s-Sp-m thn blvbm \_nbpsS Xe-sb-Spv Xme-nshv km-\n-p. Nne \_n-amsc Is-dn-pw ap Nnesc
Cu-hm-fp-sImv Cupw, ap Nnesc sNfn-p-n Xmgvn-bpw Ah sImnpv. Cukm-\-_nsb Xsbpw sImp-I-f-pshv Ah tLmjn-n-p-ap-v (A-nkm-Av: 157). \n-b-ambpw Am-lp-hns kq- aqSn-sh-p--hpw A\ym-b-ambn
\_n-amscbpw, P\--fn-\np \oXnbpw \ymbhpw In-p--hscbpw sImp-sImn-cn-p--hpw thZ-\m-P-\-I-amb in-sImv ktm-j-hm Adn-bn-p-I
(BenCwdm: 21). Cv Am-lp-hns Bb-p-I Jp-B kq- am{X-am-Wv.
Cv \_n-amsc sImpI Fm, \_n-am-cpsS t]cp-shv Ah-cpsS Pohn-Xw ]n]msX P\-a[y-n If-hmn Ah-X-cn-nv sImmsX sIm-em-Wv. Cv temI-P-\-Xbn Cu kz`m-h-ap-Xv apkvenw-I-fn am{X-am-Wv. AXpsImpXs temIv FhnsSbpw Ah \nycpw A]-am-\n-Xcpw Am-lp-hn-sbpw P\--fpsSbpw im]-n\pw
A_-Jd (2)
133
tIm]-n\pw Cc-bm-bn-sm-n-cn-p-h-cpam-Wv. Cv temI-P-\-X-bnshv Ghpw

\ny-Xbpw ]Xn-Xzhpw ssZ\y-Xbpw A\p-`-hn-p-Xv I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw {]-b--h-cpamb apkvenw P\-X-bmWv F-sXmcp Zp:JkXy-am-Wv. AXn\v ImcWw samw P\Xv Amlp Xr]vXn-s hn[n-hn-e-p-I-f-S-nb Jp-B-\ns Bibw Ah kzbw
]n]-m-Xn-cnp-X
- psImpw, ap-h
- v \Im-sX aqSn-sh-p-XpsImp-am-Wv. (ABw: 26, Xu_: 6768, \lv: 106-107, Alvkm-_v: 61 Iqn-hmbnp-I). Jp-B-\ns Bib-n-tev Xncn-p-h-v Am-lp-hn\v hgns-Sp--hcpw Am-lp-hn-\p-thn am{Xw Pohnp-h-cp-am-Iem-Wv CXn-\p GI {]Xn-hn-[n. An-km-Av: 42, hn[nZn\w kXy-saq-Sn-sh-p-Ibpw, {]hm-N-Is\ [n-cn-p-Ibpw sNbvX-h, Cu `qan-]n-fv Xsf hngpn-smv \nc-m-sb-n Fv B{K-ln-pt]mIpw. Hcp h-am-\hpw (kw-K-Xn-bpw)
Am-lp-hn\nv ad-p-sh-m A-hv km-[n-p-I-bp-an- Fp-]-d-n-pv. BenCw-dm: 112, amCZ: 78 Fo kq-, AXh [nm-cn-Ifpw ]cn-[n-ew-LnpsImncp--h-cm-bXv sImp-amWv F Bi-b-n-emWv Ah-km-\n-p-Xv. _Jd: 39 hni-ZoI-cWw t\mpI.
62. \n-b-am-bnpw (apkvenfn\n-p) hnizm-kn-I, blq-Z-cm-bn-p--h,
{InkvXym-\n-I-fm-bn-p--h, km_n-Cu- (A-n-bm-cm-[-I) Bcp-am-Is;
Ah Am-lp-hn-s\-smpw Ay-Zn-\-s-smpw hniz-kn-p-Ibpw
k--f\p-jvTn-p-I-bpw sNp--hcmsW-n Ahv X-fpsS
dnsbSp- Ah-cpsS {]Xn-^-e-ap-v. AhcpsS-ta `b-s-Sp-hm\pw
Ahv ZpxJn-m\pw CS-h-cn-I-bpan-.
CtX kqw amCZ: 69-epw hn-p-v. lpP-dmv: 13- a\p-jysc hnfnv Amlp
]d-bpp: Hm a\p-jy-tc, \nbw \mw Hcp BWn\npw s]n\np-amWv \nsf
krn-n-p--Xv, \nsf hnhn[ \mp-Imcpw tKm{X-mcp-am-n-bXv \n ]c-kv]cw
Xncn--dn-bm thnam{Xam-Wv. \nbw \n-fn Ghpw kqvaX ]men-p--hcmWv Am-lp-hns ASp- BZ-c-Wo-b. \nbw Amlp Fm-a-dn-bp--h-\pw,
Fmw hebw sNbvX {XnIm-e-m-\nbpw Xs-b-tm. hnizm-knbmImsX Hcmfpw
kzK-n t]mhp-I-bn-spw (apAvan: 40), AXn\v t]tcm hkv{Xtam amt Bhiy-an-spw Cu kqw ]Tn-n-p-p. AY-hm Ckvem-an aX-am--an; hnizm-k-am--tabp-q. "apkven-fn\n-p hnizm-kn-Isf' am{Xta kqw A`n-kw-t_m-[\w
sNppq F Imcyw {]tXyIw {in- p- I . a\p- j y Fv Fhn- s S- s hv
{]hnptmgpw lrZ-b--fn-te-mWv lrZ-b--fpsS Ah Adn-bp Amlp
t\mp--Xv. lrZ-b--fpsS Ah t\mnbmWv GsXmcp {]h-\-n\pw Amlp
{]Xn-êw \Ip--Xv. A-Pvav: 39 Amlp ]d-bpp: a\p-jy\v Ah Dt-inv
{]hn--X-m-sX-bn. {]hrn-I Dt-iy(-e-yw)-a-\p-k-cn-mWv hne-bn-cp--s-SpI
Fv \_n(-k)bpw ]Tn-n-n-p-v. (Ben-Cw-dm: 195, An-km-Av: 124, \lv: 9697,
Xzmlm: 112 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 21-22, 38 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
63.
\np aosX Xzq ]- X s \mw Dbn- s mv \n- t fmSv

{]Xn hmnb k`hpw Hmt-Xm-Wv. \mw \nv \In-bXns\ (Xu-dmv) apdpsInSn-p-sIm-p-I. AXn-epsXmw lrZ-bw-sImv
134
JpB\ns Bmhv
Hmn-p-Ibpw sNp-I, \n ap-Jo--fm-hp-I-XsthWw F-Xn\p-th-n.
AAvdm^v: 171, Xq ]-Xs AXv Ah-cpsSta hogp-sap tXmn-n-p

hn[w Hcp IpS-sb-tmWw Dbnsmv \mw ]d-p: \nv \mw \In-bXv
apdpsInSn-p-I, AXn-ep-Xv lrZbwsImv HmpIbpw sNp-I, Fm \n
kqva-X-bp ap-Jo- Btb-pw Fp]d-np-v. Xudm-ns\ apdpsI]nSnm\pw, AXns Bibw lrZbwsImv a\-n-emn ]n]-m-\p-amWv Av CkvdmCu k-Xn-I-tfmSv Iev]n--s--sX-n Cv Jp-B-\ns Bibw a\-n-emn
]n]--emWv Ghpw ap-Jo--fm-Im-\p GI-amKw. (_-Jd: 2, 55-56 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mpI).
64.
]ns AXn-\p-ti-jhpw \n ]nn-cn-p,Atm Am-lp-hns

HuZmcyhpw Imcp-Wyhpw \n-fp-sS-ta Cm-bn-cp-p-sh-n \n \s--hcn Ds]Sp-am-bn-cpp.
Cu kq-nepw An-km-Av: 83,113, bq\pkv: 58, Aq: 10,14,20,21 kq--fnepw

]d- Amlp-hns HuZm-cyhpw Imcp-Wyhpw sImp-t-in-p-X
- v, Jp-B\
- ns samw
Bibw Xs-bm-Wv. _Jd: 2 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
65.
\nbw \n-fn\nv i\n-bmgvN \mfn AXn-{Iaw ImWn--h-cpsS A\-c-êw \n-dn-bm-atm, Atm \mw Ah-tcmSv ]d--p: \n
\ny-m-cmb Ipc-mcm-bn-o-cpI.
66.
As\ B kw`-hs \mw Ah-cpsS apnepw ]nn-ep-ap--hv Hcp

KpW-]m-T-hpw ap-Jo-v Hcp auC-fzpamn (k-Zp-]-tZ-i-hpam-n).
\lv: 124 {]Imcw PqXam-cm-bn-o-h Am-lp-hns Zo\n BgvN-bn-ep

s]cp-m-fmbn \n-bn-n-cp shn-bm-gvNsb amn-a-dnv i\n-bm-gvN-bmn BN-cnp
t]mn-cp-p. B PqXam-cns] "sFe' F IS-tem-cv Xma-kn-n-cph ay_-\w \Sn Pohn-p--h-cm-bn-cpp. i\n-bmgvN \mfn ay-_-\-a-Sw Hcp
sXmgnepw sNcpsX Aen-JnX\nbaw Ah BN-cn-p-t]m-p. Fm i\n-bmgvN
Znhkw ap \mfp-Ifnen-mhn[w ay-sf IqwIq-ambn Hcp Nmen-te-v hcpn
Amlp Ahsc ]co-n-p. A-tm Ah B ay-sf Xncn-p-t]m-Im km[n-m-hw XS-bn-SpIbpw, ]ns Znhkw ]nSn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Amlp Dt-iy--fn-temWv; {]h-\--fn-te- t\mp--sXv ]Tnn-Xn\v hncp--ambn [nm-c-]qw
{]hn--tm, Ah-cpsS icocw Ipc--mcptSXmn amn. Cu kw`hw AAvdm^v:
163-166 hni-Zo-I-cn-np-v (An-km-Av: 147-154 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
Amlp lrZ-b--fpsS Ah Adn-bp--h-\mWv Fv adp-sImp Ccw
{]h-\- Bcv {]hn-mepw Ahp in CXp-t]mse ITn-\-am-bn-cnpw
Fp-X
- mWv Cu kqns auC-fzv. "auCfz pen ap-Jo' Fv BenCwdm: 138-epw, Hm a\p-jytc \n-fpsS dns ]\np auC-fzv \nv
A_-Jd (2)
135
hp-I-gn-n-pv Fv bq\pkv: 57-epw ]dXv Jp-B-\n-s\-p-dn-mWv. lqZv: 120-,

\n\v Cu kXyhpw auC-f-pw, hnizm-kn-Iv A\p-kva-c-Whpw hp-Inn Fp-]-dn-Sv lJpw, auCfzpw, ZnIvdmbpw Jp-B Xs-bm-Wv. samw a\p-jyv
Jp-B auC-fz-m-sW-nepw (k-Zp-]-tZ-iw) ap-Jo- am{X-amWv AXns\ auC-fzmbn kzoI-cn-p-I. \lv: 125- lnIvavsImpw auC-fz-p lk-\psImpw
\ns dntev P\-sf hnfn-p-I Fp-]-d-n-p-v. ChnsS lnIvav Jp-B\ns aplva
-
- mb (B-ib
- w kv]-amb) kq-fpw, auC-fz-p lk-\v Fp]dm aplva
- mb kq-f
- psS k
- a
- m-\a
- mb D]a DZm-lc
- W
-
- fpw, kam-\a
- mb Iev]\-Ifpw hntcm-[--fp-am-Wv.
Cv Ccw Imcy-sfmw hni-Zo-I-cn-p Jp-B hln-pXv apkvenwIfmWv. PqXamsc A-hcpsS sXmb {]h-\- ImcWw Ipc-p-I-fmn amn,
Fm AXntesd Am-lp-hns\ hn-p hn[-n-ep {]h-\- \S-p
apkvensf Cl-tem-I
- p-shv Ipc-pIfpw, ]n-If
- pw, ]n-If
- p-sampamm-Xv {]hmNI (k)-bpsS {]m\ sImpw, temIm-h-km\w \n-bn Ah-[n-bn \S--Wsap-Xv sImpw am{X-am-Wv. Ah \c-In ]n-I-fpw, Ipc-p-I-fpw, s]cp-m-gn-Ifpw, ]n-If
- p-sa-m-ambn ]p\Po-hn-n-s
- -Sm Imc-Wa
- m-p {]h-\
- v GXm\pw
DZm-l-c-W-- Xmsg sImSp-p-p. (1) _Jd: 229-230 kq--fpsS I]-\v hncp-ambn Htc Ccn-n aqv XzemJzv sNmp-Ibpw ]noSv B kv{Xosb Xncn-s-Sp-mthn
asm-cm-sf-smv hnhmlw Ign-nv hnhm-ltam-N\w \Sn NSv \npIbpw sNp
k{Zmbw. (2) PpapA: 5s Ah-km-\-`mKamb ""Am-lp-hns kq-sf Xn--dbp A{I-an-I-fpsS D]a F{X \nIr-w, Amlp Ccw A{I-an-Isf kamK-ntev \bn-p-I-bnXs'' F `mKw D-cn-msX, BZy ]IpXn am{Xw HmXnsImv
"Xudmv hln-p PqX-m-sc-bmWv Igp-X-I-tfmSv D]-an-n-p--Xv; AmsX apkvenwIv AXv _m[-I-a' Fp]dbpI. Cv Am-lp-hns kq-- Jp-B am{Xam-Wv. (3) Jp-B kq--fpsS Bi-b-a-dn-nv kzbw ]n]-msX aqSn-sh-p- I]S-hn-izm-kn-bmb ]n-Xs
- \bpw, JpB Innbnv Bibw ]Tn-m {ian-msX AXns
icocwXnp ^mPn-dp-I-fmb P\-X-sbbpw AAv-dm^v: 176- Amlp \mb-tbm-Sp-]-an-Xns\ Ku\n-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw, {]kvXpX kqw D-cnv DWp-tm As\ ]dbm ]mSn Fp-]-dv ]d-bphsc òj-Wn-tbmSpIqSn FXnp-Ibpw sNp-I. (4)
Jp-B-\ns Biba-dnv aqSn-sh-p-I-bpw, AXns\ Ipd hnev hnp-sImv
hbdp\nd-p-Ibpw sNp-hscpdnv _Jd: 174, Ah X-fpsS hb-n XobmsX
\nd-p-n Fp]d-n-p-Xv Ku\n-msX, Cam-av \nv ifw ]n Xnp-I, acn-hv Jp-B HmXn-sm-SppI, Jp-B kq- FgpXn GepI, Ddp-v
Fn-hp-]-tbm-Knv ]Ww ]n-n-p-I, kv{Xo[\w hmpI, kv{Xo[\ns ]v
]n XnpI XpS-nb {]hr-n-I-fn apgp-IpI. (5) \n-sf-m hcpw IqSn Am-lphns ]mis apdp-sI-n-Snv Hm-hp-I, \n `nn--cpXv F BenCwdm: 103s
Iev]\ ]cn-K-Wn-msX hnhn[kwL-S\-I-fmbn ]ncnv, Hmtcmcpcpw X kXyn-emWv Fv DuwsImp-Ibpw, ap--hsc ]ng--h-cm-sWv ap{Z-Ip-p-Ibpw sNpI
(_-Jd: 85,113,176 t\mpI).
67.
aqkm Xs P\-XtbmSv ]d k`hpw HmtW-Xm-Wv. \nbw
136
JpB\ns Bmhv
Amlp \n-tfmSv Hcp ]ip-hns\ Adp-m In-p-p. Ah tNmZnp:
\o Rsf ]cn-l-kn-p-I-bmtWm? aqkm ]dp: Rm Ahn-thIn-Ifns]p-t]m-Ip-Xn\nv Am-lp-hn-s\-smv A`bw tXSp-p.
68.
Ah ]dp: GXmWv B ]ipshv Rv hy-am-n--cm

Rp-thn \o \ns dn-t\mSv Bh-iy-s-Sp-I. aqkm ]dp:
\nbw Ah ]d-bpp: AXv Gsd {]mb-ap-tXm Xosc {]mb-an-m-tXm
Am a[y-h-b-kp- Hcp ]ip-hmIpp. Atm \n Ievn--sSp--sXtm AXv \n {]hn-p-I.
69.
Ah ]dp: AXns \nd-sa-msWv Rv hy-am-n--cp-hm

Rp-thn \o \ns dn-t\mSv Bh-iy-s-Sp-I, aqkm ]dp:
\nbw Ah ]dbpp: AsXmcp ]ip-hm-Wv, AXns \ndw ImgvN-msc In-n-pXpw BIj-Wo-b-amb kz-\nd-ap-XpamWv.
70.
Ah ]dp: Rv Fm ]ip-fpw B ]iphpambn kmZriy-apXm bncnt, GXm-Wv B ]ip Fv Rpthn hy-amn-cqhm \o \ns dn-t\mSv Bh-iy-sSp-I. \nbw Amlp Dt-in-p-Ibm-sW-n R kmKw {]m]n-ph-cm-hpI -Xs sNpw.
71.
aqkm ]dp: \nbw Ah ]d-bpp: `qan DgpXphmt\m Irjn \\bvmt\m D]-tbm-Kn-m-Xpw, bmsXmcp \yq\-X-I-fp-an-mXpw, kpc-nXhpamb (I-n-sh-m tXmm-) ]ip-hmWXv; Ah ]dp: CtmgmWv \o kXywsImp-h--Xv. As\ Ah a\-anm a\-tmsS (\n_n-Xm-h--bn) AXns\ Adp-p.
CuPn-]vXnshv ]ip-hm-cm-[\
- b
- n apgp-In-bn-cp Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-If
- psS lrZb--fn ]ip-hn-t\m-Sp kvt\lw(`-n) ebnptNncpp. AXp-sIm-mWv B`-cW- Dcp-m-\n Ipgn-bn\nv ap{I-bn-Sp Hcp ]ip-p-nsb hms-Sp-m ]nimNv
Ahsc klm-bn-Xv. B ]ip-hn-t\m-Sp `n Ah-cn\nv Fs-t-p-ambn FSpp-I-f-bm-\mWv kz-\n-d-n-ep bmsXmcp \yq\-X-I-fp-an-m Hcp ]ip-hns\ Adpm Ievn-Xv. Cu kw`-h-s tI{o-I-cn-p-sIm-mWv Cu kqd-n\v _Jd (]ip)
F \maw e`nXv.
72.
\n Hcmsf sImXpw Fnv sIme-pw (kwi-bnv) At\ym\yw

Btcm-]n- k`hpw Hmt-Xm-Wv. Am-lp-hm-Is \n aqSn-shXns\ ]pd-p-sIm-p-h-cp--h- Xsbm-Wv.
73.
Atm \mw ]dp: AXns Hcp `mKw-sImv Ahs\ (sIm--s--hs\) \n ASn-p-I. A{]-Imcw Amlp acn--hsc Pohn-n-p-p,
Ahs Zrm-- (Ign-hp-I) \nv ImWnp Xcp-p, \n
Nnn-p--hX-s-bm-bn-cn-Ww F-Xn-\p-thn.
A_-Jd (2)
137
Hcp sIme \S-m Npp-`m-K-p-ap tKm{X--e-h-m Hcp ]ip-hnsta ssIIgpIn Rv sIme-bn bmsXmcp ]p-an-sv ]d-bp k{-Zmbw \ne-hn-ep-m-bncp-p. Ah ]qPnp-sImncp Xc-n-ep Hcp ]ip-hns\ Adp-m Ievn-p-Ibpw,
As\ Ah Adp-p-Ibpw sNbvX Ah-k-c-n AhnsS, LmX-Is\ Xncn--dn-bm
Hcp ]pcpjs PV-hp-ap-m-bn-cpp. Amlp Adps B ]ip-hns Nne `mKsImv B PV-nsta ASnm ]d-p. As\ Amlp acn--bmsf
Pohn-n-pI-bpw, LmX-I\mcm-sWv Ah-s\-smv ]d-bn-npIbpw sNbvXp. P\ aqSn-sh-p--sXpw ]pd-p-sIm-p-h-cm Ign-hp--h-\mWv Amlp Fv sXfnbn-p. ChnsS Adp ]ip-hns icocwsImv ASn-m ]d--Xp-hgn, Bbn-c-n
sXmm-bn-c-n-sm-q-n-HXv Bfp-Ifpw ]ip-X-s-bm-Wv ssZhw (Cem-lv), ]iphns\
Adp-npw AXn\v acn--hs\ Pohn-n-m Igntm FmWv hniz-kn--Xv. Ccw
kw`-h--fn-eqsS hnizm-kn-I-sf-bpw \ntj-[n-Isfbpw Amlp thXn-cn-p-p.
a\p-jy\v _pn-in \In-bXv Fm-Im-cy-fpw AXp-]-tbm-Knp Nnnv
{]hn-m-\mWv. t_m[-tm-sSbp {]h-\-a-msX kzoI-cn--s-Sp-I-bn-. Av
aZo-\-bn-ep PqXamscpdnp \n Nnn-p-hcm-Ip--Xn\pthn Fp]d-Xnse "\n' Cv PqXam-tc-m _m[-I-am-hpXv Jp-B\ns hml-Icmb
apkvenwImWv. _Jd: 232, A-Bw: 151, bqkp-^v: 2, Aq: 61, apAvan: 67, kpKvdp^v: 3, lZo-Zv: 17 XpS-nb kq--sfmw "\n Nnn-p--h-cm-Ip--Xn\pthn'
F Bi-b-n-emWv Ah-km-\n-p--Xv. _Jd: 44 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
74.
]ns, Cu Zrm--samw I-Xn\ptijhpw \n-fpsS lrZbw ITn-\-ambn In-p-t]mbn. AXv In-s\-tmse; A AXn-s\-m ISp-p-t]m-bn.
Ip-I-fn NneXv ]nf-s-Sp-tm AXn\nv \Zn-I Hgp-Im-dp-v.
ap NneXv kzbw -]n-fv shw ]pd-sSpIbpw sNp-p. ap NneXv
Am-lp-hns\ `b-s-p-sImv Xmgvp-t]m-Ip-p. Amlp \n-fpsS
{]h-\--sf-sXmv A{i-\
-- --X-s.
\_n(-k)-bpsS Ime-p blq-Zn-I-fpsS ]q]nXm-fmb Ckvdm-Cu kXnI, aqkm-\-_n aptJ\ Amlp {]I-Sn-n Fm Zrm--pw (Zn-hym-p-Xpw) kmn-Ifmbncpp. Fm ASn-Sn Ah-cXv ad-pw-sImv [nm-c-nepw
Xnbnepw hnl-cn-p. hm-eyhpw Imcp-Wyhpanm ITn\ lrZ-b-mcm-bn-cpp Ah.
aZo-\bn apl-Zv \_n(-k)-bpsS apn-ep-m-bn-cp blq-Zn-Ifpw Ah-cpsS AtX kz`mh-m-cpw, Ahsc NmWn\p NmWmbn ]n]-p-h-cp-ambncp-p.
Cu kq-nepw "\n {]hn-p--Xn-s\-sXmv' F-Xnse "\n' _m[I-am-hpXv Cv apkvenw-Im-Wv. {]tXy-Inv Ah-cnse I]-S-hn-izmkn-Iv. Amlp
h[n--Xpw (ap-\m-^n-Jq: 4), Ahs tIm]hpw im]hpw hjn-Xpw, Ah h[n-m
]d-Xpw I]-S-hn-izmknI-sf-bmWv (\nkm-Av: 91, Xu_: 123, Alvkm_v: 60,61) Amlp
\nfpsS {]h\sfsmv A{i-\
-- -Xs F kq-`mKw _Jd: 85,140,149,
Ben-Cw-dm: 99 Fo 4 kq--fn Bhn-n-p-v. \ns dv \n {]hnp--Xns\mv A{i-\
-- -Xs F Bi-b-n-emWv lqZv: 123, \wev: 93 Fo
kq-- Ah-km-\n-p--Xv.
138
JpB\ns Bmhv
I]-S-hn-izm-knbmb ^n-Hus a\v ITn-\-amb in ImWp-tm-g-msX hnizkn- m CS- h - c mhn[w ITn- \ - a m- tWsbv aqkm \_nsbsmv Amlp
{]mnnXv bq\p-kv: 88 ]d-bp-p. Jp-B\ns Bi-btmSv lrZ-b- ITn-\am-b-hv \c-I-nse "hbv' F sNcp-hm-sWv kpa: 22epw ]d-n-p-v.
lZo-Zv: 16 Amlp tNmZnpp: hnizm-kn-I-tf, Jp-B\ns Bi-bw-sImv
Am-lp-hns kvac-W-bn \nfpsS lrZ-b- `b-sp apgp-Im \nv C\nbpw
ka- b - a m- b n- nt? \n app {Kw \I- s - - h sct]msebmI- c p- X v . lrZbw
ISppt]mb Ah-cn kpZoL-amb Imew Ign-p-t]m-bn, Ah-cn A[n-I-t]cpw
sXm-Sn-I-fmb I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifmbn-cp-p (lv: 52-53 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 26-27
hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
75.
Atm \n B{K-ln-p-p-thm, Ah \n-fn hniz-kn-p-sa-v!,

Xo-bmbpw Ah-cn\nv Hcp hn`mKw Am-lp-hns hN-\- tIpIbpw ]noSv \-hw {Kln tijw Adn-psImv (a-\x-]qw)
AXns\ amn-a-dn-p-Ibpw sNp-p-sh-n-cn-s.
PqXam-cp-sSbpw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fp-sSbpw kz`mhamWv Cu kq--fn-semw ]cmain-sncnp--Xv. Cv apkvenw-I-fnse I]-S-hnizm-kn-I-fpw, kwL-S\m t\Xmamcpw PqXam-cpsS Cu kz`mhw shp-]p-ep--h-cm-Wv. Ah kwL-S\m
Xm]cyw \ne-\nm Jp-B kq- hf-sm-Sn-pp (_Jd: 67, 14, BenCw-dm: 78, Ankm-Av: 46, am-CZ: 13,40-41 t\mp-I). Ccw Bfp-I C\n hnizm-kn-tev (Jp-B ]n]-p--h-cmbn) hcp-sav {]Xo-n-t--Xn- Fv Am-lp,
Ahs kwL-ns] apAv-an-\o-sf (hn-izm-kn-Isf) ]Tn-n-p-Ibm-Wv (bq-\pkv: 33,
apAvan: 6 Iqn-hm-bn-pI). ^mnl: 7 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
76.
hnizm-kn-Isf Ip-ap-n-bm Ah ]dbpw: R hniz-kn-n-cn-pp

Fv. Ah ]c-kv]cw X\n-m-bm Ah tNmZnpw: Amlp \nv
({K-n) shfn-hm-n-bXv \n Ah-tcmSv ]d-pthm? \msf \nfpsS dns ASp- AXpaptJ\ \n-tfmSv Ah Xn-m CS-hc---hn[w. Atm \n Nnn-p-n-t?
77.
\n-bw Amlp Ah cl-ky-am-p-Xpw ]cky-am-p-Xpw Adn-bp-h-\m-sW-v Ah Adn-bp-n-stm?
PqX-m hnizm-kn-If
- p-ambn HptNcp-tm Jp-B kXyamWv, R-fpsS {Kn ]d-n-p--Xns\ kXy-s-Sp-p--XpamWv Fv k-Xn-n-cp-p. Fm Ah
]c-kv]cw X\n-m-hp-tm Hcm asm-cm-tfmSv tNmZn-n-cp-Xv \n-fpsS {K-n
(Xu-dm-n) Jp-B-\n-s\-p-dnpw apl--Zn-s\-p-dnpw ]cm-ain-n-p hnhcw \n
Nn-bn-msX hnizm-kn-I-fpsS {i-bnsem\pw sImp-h-p-thm?, AXp-hgn \msf
\nfpsS dn-s-b-Sp- \n Adn-bn kXy-hpw-sImv hmZn-m Ahv Ahkcw \IpItbm? Fv. _-Jd: 14,15 kq--fn D-cn I]-S-hn-izmkn-I-fpsS kz`mhhpw CXp-X-s-bm-Wv. Xu_: 51, bq\pkv: 62, lv: 70, k_-Av: 3 lZo-Zv: 22 Fo
A_-Jd (2)
139
kq--fnsemw ]dnp, "{XnIm-e-m-\n-bmb Amlp, BIm-i-`q-an-I-fn kw`hn-p--sXmw t\cs tcJ-s-Sp-n-sh-n-p--Xm-sW' hnizm-k-an-mXp-sImmWv Cc-n-ep kz`mh Ah shp]p-ep-Xv. \n Nnn-p-n-tFXns hni-Zo-I-cWw _Jd: 44 t\mp-I.
78.
Ah-cn- thZ-]-cn-m-\-an-m Nne \nc--c-cp-ap-v; \nK-a-\-fmsX

(hym-tam-l
- ) Ah shp-]p-epn, Dul-s-b
- msX Ah ]n]ppan.
Cv {Kw Jp-B am{X-am-bXn-\m Jp-B-\ns Bibw ]Tn-m {ian-m

apkvenfnep km[m-cWmsc-p-dn-mWv Cu kqw ]d-bp--Xv. lpP-dm-v: 12,
hnizmkn-I-tf, \n Dul--fn A[n-Ihpw hn-p-I, \nbw Dul--fn NneXv
Ip-I-c-am-Wv Fp-]-d-n-p-v..
^pkzn-e-v: 21-23, \msf hn[n-Zn-hkw Ah-c-h-cpsS sXmenItfmSv Ah- ]d-bpw:
\n-sf-n-\mWv \aps-Xn-cmbn kmywhlnpXv? sXm-en-I ]d-bpw: Fm hkvXp-sfbpw kwkm-cn-n Amlp Rsf kwkm-cn-n--Xm-Ip-p. BZy-X-hW (sXmenI-fn-m Ah--bn) \nsf krn-Xv Ah-\m-W-tm, Ah-\n-tepXs \nsf
aS-s-Sp-Ibpw sNp-p. \n-fpsS ImtXm, Itm, sXmentbm \ns-Xnsc
kmywhln-p-sav IcpXn sFln-I-tem-Iv \n Ah-bn\npw Hfn-n-cn-mdp-m-bn-cp-n--tm. Fm \nbw Amlp \n {]hn-p--Xn A[nIhpw Adn-bp-n- F-mbncpp \n Dulnncp-Xv. AXs{X \n-fpsS DS-asb
]n \n [cnpsh [mcW (Du-lw). As\ \n \n-fpsS Bbpv Ign-pIq-pI bpw, \-m-cn s]-h-cm-bnocpIbpw sNbvXp. A-Bw: 116, \_n-tbmSpw
hnizm-kn-I-tfmSpw Amlp ]d-bp-p: `qan-bn A[nIt]-scbpw \o A\p-k-cn-p-I-bmsW-n Ah Am-lp-hns amK-n\nv \ns hyXn-N-en-npIf-bpw, Ah-cn
A[n-I-t]cpw Dul-s-b-msX ]n]-p-n-. Ah A[n-I-t]cpw \nK-a-\- hp
]pep--h-cp-am-Ipp.
A-Bw: 148, bYm Adn-hmb JpB\ns Bi-b-an-msX Pohn-p-
Cs apkvensfpdnv Amlp ]d-bp-p: \n Dul-s-b-msX ]n]-pn-, \n \nK-a-\- ]S-p-mn ]n]-p--h Xs-bm-Wv. bq-\p-kv: 36-,
Ah-cn A[n-I-t]cpw Dul-s-b-msX ]n]-p-n-, \nbw Dulw kXy-ns
m\v Hpw ]cym-]vX-am-Ip-I-bn Fp-]-d-n-p-v. 60-, Amlphnsta Iw
sIn-a
- v ]d-bp-h
- hn[n-Zn-hk
- \
- m-fns\pdnv FmWv Icp-Xp-Xv? \nbw Amlp
P\--tfmSv Gsd HuZmcyap--h-\m-Wv, ]t Ah-cn A[n-I-t]cpw \n-{]-I-Sn-n-p-h-c- Fpw, 66-, Adn-n-cn-p-I, \nbw BIm-i-`q-an-I-fn-ep--sXmw Am-lphn-\p--Xm-Wv. Am-lp-hns\qSmsX ]m-fn-Isf hnfnv {]mn-p--h Duls
am{X-amsX ]n]p-n, \nbw Ah Dulnv Iw ]d-bph Xs-bmWv Fpw
]d-n-pv (Ben-Cw-dm: 154, An-km-Av: 157, kzmZv: 27, ^Xvlv: 6,12, \Pvav: 23-,28 Iqnhm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 45 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
79.
Atm, X-fpsS ssIIsImv {Kw Fgp-Xn-bp-m-p-I-bpw, ]ns
140
JpB\ns Bmhv
AXns\ Ipdhnebvv hnmthn, CXv Am-lp-hn\np-Xm-sWv ]d-bp-Ibpw sNphv \miw. Atm, Ah-cpsS ssII
Fgp-Xn-b-Xn\pw Ahv \miw, Ah AXp-ap-tJ\ km-Zn--Xn\pw Ahp \miw.
Cv {Kw Jp-B am{X-am-Wv. Jp-B hf-sm-Sn-pI, amn adnp-I, aqSn-shpI, sXmb Bibw m]n-p-Xn\p-thn D-cn-p-I, Jp-B kq-
Amlp Dt-inhn[-a-msX X-fpsS CwKn-X-\pk-cnv D-cn-p-I, hKo-b-X,
hwio-b-X, kzm-X, tZio-b-X, kwL-S\m ]-]m-Xw XpS-nb ss]im-NnI amK
m]n-p-hm Jp-B hN-\-- Am-\v D-cn-p-I, kq- apgp-h Dcn-msX ]IpXn D-cnv km[m-c-W-msc Bi-b-p-g--n-em-pI, amcWw, a{w,
iIp\w XpS-nb ss]imNnI-hr-n-I m]n-p--Xn-\v sXfn-hmbn kq-
Am\v D-cn-pI, acn--hp-thn Jp-B HmXn-sm-Spv ]Ww hmpXns\ \ymbo-I-cn-pI, Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n\nv P\-sf XS-bp--Xn-\p-thn
Ckvem-anI {K--sf t]cn {K--fn-dn, P\-v Jp-B-\p-am-bp _w
XS-bpI XpS-nb {]hrn-I sNp I]-S-hn-izmknI-sf (apkvenw ]n-Xthj-[mcn-Isf) pdn-mWv Cu kqw ]d-bp--Xv. km[m-cW P\-sf Jp-B-\ns Bi-bn\nv XS-bp-I-hgn Ah-cp-sS-sbmw ]m]-`mcw hln-p-sImv, hnNm-c-W-bn-msX
\c-I-n t]mIp--hcpw AXns ASn--n Fspw hkn-t--h-cp-am-Wv Cq (Ankm-Av: 145). \c-I-nse Ghpw I-tTmcinm-K-amb "hbv' F sNcphm-Wv Ahp-Xv, AXv Ah km-ZnpXv Xs-bm-Wv.
km[m-cW P\-sf Bm-hns `-W-amb Jp-B\ns Bibw ]Tn-nmsX,
ico-cw-sImv (B-mhv ]s-Sp-m-sX) \akvIcnm aXn Fv ]Tn-n-p-sImv
hnn\nv Ap-sX-dn-p-t]mIpw hn[w Zo\n\nv Ahsc sXdn-npIf-bp-Ibpw, Ahsc
\c-I-n-tev ]nSnphenp sImp-t]m-hp-Ibpw sNp-h-cmWv Cu I]-S-hn-izmknI.
Ad_n ]Tn Rv Xs Jp-B\ns samw Bibw Adn-bn-, AXp Fgp-Xnbmepw ]d-mepw XocpI-bp-an F-mWv Ilv^v: 109, epJvam: 27 XpS-nb kq
fnXs Amlp ]d-n-p--Xv. AXp-sImv \n \a-kvI-cn-pIbpw Jp-Bt\m XpIbpw Rsf ]n]-pIbpw sNbvXmaXn FmWh km[m-c-W-msc ]Tnn-p Xv. kqd: Ja-dn 4 e--fn Amlp tNmZn-p-p: \nbw Cu Jp-Bs\
lrZ-bw-sImv (Bibw) a\-n-em-m \mw hfsc Ffp--am-n-bn-cn-p-p, Fm
Bcp--Xn\v Xm-dp--h? Fm-Wv. Jp-B Bi-b-a-dn-bmsX HmXm ]mSn-s-pw,
Jp-B BZym-h-km-\w-hsc ]mcm-bWw sNbvXnv AXn\nv Hpw e`n-m--h\mWv P\--fnshv Ghpw ZpjvS-s\-p- \_n- -h-N\w Ah Ah-K-Wn-pIbpw
sNpp. Npcp--n Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n\nv a\p-jysc XS-bp a\p-jy-]nim-Np--fmWv Cu ap\m-^n-Jp-I. ^mnl: 7, _Jd: 11-12, 41-42, Ben-Cw-dm: 181-182
80.
Ah ]d-bp-Ibpw sNp-p: F-s \mfp-I-f-msX \cIw Hcn-epw

R-sf kv]in-p-I-bn, \_ntb tNmZn-pI: \n Am-lp-hns
]\nv h DS--Snbpw hmn-bn-ptm? A-s\-sb-n, Amlp
A_-Jd (2)
141
Ahs DS-Sn Hcn-epw ewLn-p-I-bn-. AtXm \n Am-lphnsta \n-dn-bm-Xv ]d-bp-I-bmtWm?

blq-Zn-I Am-lp-hns C-Zm-k-mcpw kzK-n-te-p--h-cp-am-sWv A`nam\wsImn-cp-p. AYhm \c-I-n {]th-in-mXs ]ip-hns\ Bcm-[n \mev]Xv
\mfpI-f
- msX \c-I
- n InStn-hc
- n-Ibn-sv Duw sImp-h
- c
- pam-bn-cp-p Ah
(_Jd: 94, 95, PpapA: 67 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I) Cv samw P\-X-bn hnizm-kn-I-f-m
apkven-mWv Cu hmZ-ap--sXv Jp-B-\ns shfn--n a\-n-emmhpXmWv. Cu kq-n "F-s \mfp-I'sImv Dtiyw \mevXv -\m-fp-Ifpw, _Jd:
184- 29-Hm 30-Hm Znh-k-fpw, _Jd: 203- 3 Znh-k-hp-am-Wv. Fm Jp-B-\ns
Bfp-I-sfv kzbw hnti-jn-n-p Hcp hn`mKw I]-S-hn-izmknI "F-s\mfpI' Fm aqv Znh-k-amWv A-am-psXpw, AXpsImv da-fm-\nse {hXw
aqv Znh-kw am{XamsWpw hmZnv kzbw hgn-sX-n-b-hcpw ap--hsc hgn-sX-n-p-h-cp-am-Wv. Jp-B kq- Amlp Dt-in Bi-b-n Dcn-msX, P\-sf
hgn-]n-g-n-p Ccw I]-S-hn-izmknI-tfm-SmWv: \n Jp-B-\ns Bibadn-bmsX
Am-lp-hn-sta Adn-hn-m-Xv ]d-bp-I-bm-tWm Fv Cu kqw tNmZnp-Xv.
\n Am-lp-hns\pdnv Jp-B\ns Bi-b-an-msX kwkm-cn-n-cp--Xp-sImpw, Jp-B kq-sfsXmv Fmw XnI--h-cm-sWv Al--cn-n-cp--Xp-sImpw
\n in Bkz-Zn-p-sIm-p-I Fp]dv ac-W-k-a-b-v, A{I-an-I-fmb ap\m-^nJp-Isfbpw ^mPn-dp-Isfbpw \c-I-n-tev Xn-hn-Sp--Xm-Wv A-Bw: 93 Fp-]dn-p-v (\nkm-Av: 43, AAvdm^v: 28,37, bq\p-kv: 68, ep-Jvam: 67, kz^v^v: 2 Iqn-hmbnpI). _Jd: 27,168-169 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
81.
A; BcmtWm Xn km-Zn-p-Ibpw B Xn-bnXs apgp-Ip-Ibpw

sNbv XXv, Atm AqX-s-bmWv \c-I-ns kl-hm-kn-I,
AhcXn \nXyhm-kn-I-fp-am-Wv.
A-n-km-Av: 123- Amlp ]d-bp-p: \n-fp-sS(ap-kven-fp-sS)tbm thZ-ns

Alvep-Im-cp-sStbm hymtaml-f \S-n-em-hpI, B Hcp Xn {]hnmepw Ah\v AXn-s {]Xn-êw \Ipw. Ah\v Am-lp-hn-s\-q-SmsX Hcp kwc--I-s\tbm
Hcp klm-bn-sbtbm Fn-p-I-bp-an-. GsXmcp {]hrnbpw Jp-B-\ns shfn-n Am-lp-hn\pthn-bp--XmbncnWw, Am--sXmw Xn-bmbnm-Wv tcJs-Sp-pI (_Jd: 39 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). Hmtcm-cp-cpw Cln\nv kmZn-p--Xm-Wv kzKhpw \c-Ihpsav Cu kqhpw ]Tn-n-p-p.
82.
hniz-kn-p-Ibpw k- {]hn-p-Ibpw sNp--hcmtcm

Aq kzK-hm-kn-Ifpw Ah-c-Xn \nXy-hm-kn-I-fp-am-Ip-p.
Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n Am-lp-hn-s\bpw Ah-c-h-scXsbpw Ah-cpsS PohnX-e-ysbpw Xncn--dn--h-cmWv hnizm-kn-I. Jp-Bs hn[n-hn-e-p-I ]n]p-h
- c
- mWv kI- sNp-h
- . `qan-bn Am-lp-hns {]-Xn\n[nI-fmbn Pohn
hnizm-kn-I ac-W-tm-Sp-IqSn kam-[m-\-tK-l-amb Am-lp-hns hon-tev Xncn-p-
142
JpB\ns Bmhv
t]m-Ip-Xpam-Wv. (^mnl: 4, _-Jd: 38,62 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I).

83.
Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-I-tfmSv \mw {]Xn hmnb k`hpw HmtXm Wv: ""\n Am-lp-hn\pthn-b-msX Pohn--cp-Xv, amXm-]n-Xm-tfmSpw _p--tfmSpw AK-Xn-I-tfmSpw A\m-Y-tcmSpw \-bn hnpI, P\-t- fmSv \Xv ]d-bp-I, \a-kvImcw \ne-\np-I, kImv k{Zmbw \S-n-em-p-Ibpw sNpI.'' ]ns \n-fn\n-p Ipd-p-t]-scmgnsI (B Icm-dn\nv) ]nn-cn-p. Ctmgpw \n B Icm-dns\
Ah-K-Wnv ]nn-cnp sImn-cn-p-p-htm.
Hcp hnizmkn Am-lp-hns Xr]vXn-bn-e-msX asm-cm-sfbpw Xr]vXn-s-Sm-hp-X , Am-lp-hns tIm]-n GsXm-cm-tfmSpw tIm]w ]pep-Ibpw thWw. P\-tfmSv "\Xp ]d-bpI' Fm Am-lp-hns hn[n-hn-e
- p-If
- mb Jp-B\ns Bibw
]d-bpI Fm-Wv. aqkm \_n(-A)bpsS Ime-v Pohn Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-I Amlp-hp-am-bp Icm ewLn--Xp-t]m-se, apl--Zv\-_n(-k)-bpsS apn-ep-mbn-cp PqXmcpw Icm ]men-n-cp-n-. Cv Jp-B-\ns hn[n-hn-e-p-I Xosc Ah-K-Wnv
Pohn-p--hcpw Icm ]men-mhcp-amb P\X apkven-fm-sWv ImWmw.- Ccw
kq--sfmw tIn-npw AXns\ Ah-K-Wn aZo-\-bnse PqXam-cpsS AtX kz`mh-amWv Cp `qcn-] apkvenw-Ifpw Jp-B\nt\mSv kzoI-cn-n-p--Xv. kPZ: 22
Amlp tNmZn-p-p: X-fpsS \mYs kq- lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn Hman-nnv ]ns AXns\ Ah-K-Wnv t]mbht\-m Ghpw henb A{Ian Bcm-Wp-Xv?
\n-bw, Ccw {`mam-tcmSv \mw {]Xn-Imcw sNp-IXs sNpw. kpKvdp^v: 67, hn[n-Zn-h-kn JpB-\ns XWenem kmtlm-Zcy _--sfmw ]ckv]cw i{Xp-X-bn-em-bn-cnp-sav ]d-n-p-v. 68-, Cln Jp-B ]n]-p
hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv, Hm Fs ASn-a-I-tf, \nv Ct-Zn\w `b-s-Sm-\n-, \nv
Zp:Jnm-\p-an- Fpw, 69, \psS kq--fn hniz-kn-p--h-cpw, kkzw Amlp-hn\v ka]nv Pohn-p-h
- cpambn-cpp B ap-Jo- Fpw ]d-n-p-v. (CkvdmAv: 67, I-lv^v: 57, Xzmlm: 100,124-127, ^pkzn-e-v: 4,13,51, Aqd: 48 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
_Jd: 21 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
84.
\mw \n-tfmSv {]Xn hmnb k`hpw Hmt-Xm-Wv\n ]ckv]cw cw Nn-cp-sXpw kzh-k-Xn-I-fn\nv ]pd-m--cp-sXpw,
]ns \n B Icm AwKo-I-cnXpw. (Ctmgpw) \nfXn\v kmnI-fp-amWv.
\_n(-k) aZo-\-bn sN-tm _\q \fzo-, _\q Jpssdfz, _\q-ssJ-\p-Jm-Av

Fo PqX-tKm-{X-fpw Hukv JkvdPv Fo Ad_n tKm{X--fp-am-bncp-p Ahn-sS-bpm-bn-cp-Xv. Ch-cp-ambn \_n (k) Hcp Icm-dn-tes-p. PqX-tKm-{X--tfmSv AhcpsS {K-a-\p-k-cnv Pohn-m\pw apkven Jp-B A\p-k-cnv Pohn-m\pw s]mXpi-{Xp-sf Hcp-anv t\cn-Sm\pw AXn hyh sNbvXncpp. Cu Icm-dns\ Dt-inmWv
"\n Ctmgpw AXn\v kmn-IfpamWv'Fp]d--Xv. Ben-Cw-dm: 81-- Amlp
\_n-amtcmSv {]Xn hmn-bXpw Hmt-Xm-Wv. Rm \nv {Khpw XXzm-\hpw \Ip-Ibpw, ]ns \n-tfmSv H-ap-Xns\ kXy-s-SpnsImv Fs
A_-Jd (2)
143
Hcp ZqX hm \n At-lssmv hniz-kn-p-I-bpw, At-ls klm-bnp-IbpwXs thWsav ]dbp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Amlp tNmZnp: \n Icm
sNpIbpw Ftm-Sp B `mcn D-ch
- m-Znw Gs-Sp-p-Ibpw sNbvXp-thm?. Atm
Ahscmhcpw ]d-p: R Icm sNbvXp (k--Xn-p). Amlp ]d-p: Fm
\nfXn\v kmywhln-pI, Rm \n-tfm-sSmw kmn-I-fn s]-h XsbmWv. _Jd: 27 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
85. ]ns \nCq-Xs\n-sf-s sImp-Ibpw \n-fn\np Hcp hn`m-Ks Ah-cpsS hoSp-I-fn\nv ]pd-s-Sp-hn-p-Ibpw IpI-c-ambpw A{I-a-]-c-ambpw Ahs-Xn-cn kJyw tNcp-I-bpw sNp-p.
kz`-h-\--fn\nv Ahsc ]pd-m-p-Xv \nv \njn--am-bn-cns;
Ahsc _n- I - f mbn \n- f p- s S- b - S p- ]nSn- p- s Im- p- h - m
Ahcn\nv tamN-\-{Zhyw hmn \n hn-b-p-Ibpw sNp-p.
Atm \n {K-n \nv NneXv hniz-kn-p-Ibpw NneXv aqSn-shp-Ibpw sNp-pthm? \n-fn\npw As\ {]hn-p--h-cpsS
{]Xn-êw Cl-n \ny-Xb
-
- msX asmp-a
- . Jnbm-ap\mfntem AXnI-Tn-\a
- mb in-bn-tev Xn-hn-Sp-X
- pam-Wv. Amlp \n-fpsS {]h\--sf-sXmv A{i--\--X-s.
aZo-\-bn-ep PqX-m Am-lphpw Ahs {]hm-N-I-\p-ambn sNbvX Icm-dp-Isfmw Ah-K-Wnncp-p. Ah-cn cv hn`m-K-m kJyw tNv aqm-as hn`mKs FXnp-Ibpw, Ahsc Ah-cpsS hoSpIfn\npw \mn\n-p-X-sbpw ]pdm-phm\pw, AXp-hgn Ah-cpsS kzp ssIh-i-s-Sp-m KqV\ow \SpIbpw sNbvXncp-p. As\ Ahsc _n-I-fmn tKm{Xt\Xm--m-cpsS apn
]nSn-vsIm-p-hcnIbpw Ah-cn\nv tamN-\{- Zhyw ssIq-en-bmbn hmn-smv Ahsc
hn-b-p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-p.- C-s\ Ah ]c-kv-]cw Ie-lnv t]mc-Snv sFIy-anmsXbmWv Pohn-n-cp--Xv. Fm Cv temI-s-m-bn-S--fnepw apkven-fmWv
sFIy-an-msX ]c-kv]cw `nnv i{Xp-X-bnepw hntZz-j-n-ep-ambn PohnXw \bn-p-Xv. Cv {Kw Jp-B am{X-am-Wv. B Jp-B-\n\nv NneXv kzoI-cn-p-Ibpw ap
NneXv aqSn-sh-p-Ibpw sNp-Xv ImcWw, Cl-n \ny-X- t]dpIbpw ]nSn-h-n-bnm-sX Fmbn-Spw Ah-K-Wn--s-SpIbpw shdp--s-SpIbpw sNp A[-a-hn`mKambn apkven amdn-bn-cn--bm-Wv. samw a\p-jyp amKZi-I-{K--amb
Jp-B kzbw D]-tbm-Kn-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw aphv \Im-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-Ihgn ap--h-cpsS in-IqSn hlnv \c-I-n t]mtInhcp lX-`m-Ky-cm-W-h.
A-n-km-Av: 151- Ap-X-s-bmWv bYm-n-ep Im^n-dp-I, Ccw Im^ndp-Iv AXn-\n-y-amb in \mw Hcp-n-sh-n-p-v Fp-]-d-n-pv. apkven-fpsS
CS-bn-ep hnhn[ kwL-S-\-Ifns--hcmWv Aq--scv kqw 150- hy-am-nbn-papv. Cl-n Am-lp-hn-s\-qSmsX almmsf hnfnv {]mnphsXn-cn hn[n-Zn\w B alm-m-: Ah JpB-\ns samw Bi-b-n\nv
AIv Pohn-n-cp "Hcp sI P\X' Xs-bm-bn-cp-pshv A\ymbw t_m[n-n-pw
F cwKw ( ^pJm: 17-18) \S-n-em-tI-Xp-ap-tm!! "\n {]hn-p--Xns\-sXmv' F-Xn-ep "\n' Cv Jp-B hmbn-p--h am{X-amWv Fv {]tXyIw
JpB\ns Bmhv
144
{in-p-I.
lv: 8, epJvam: 20 Fo kq--fn, Am-lp-hns Imcy-n Jp-Bs
Bi-ba
- n-msX Xn-p Bfp-I P\-f
- n-ep-sp ]d-bp-p. samw Jp-B\ns
Bi-b-an-msX ]ncSn Hcp `mK-tp tNv (kwLS-\-I-fn tNv) P\-sf XSbphv Cl-tem-I
- n \ny-Xbpw ]c-tem-I
- n ITn-\a
- mb in-bp-apsv lv:
9epw, Cu \cIw \ns ssII \n\-p-thn Hcpn-sh--XmWv AmsX, Amlp
Ahs ASn-a-I-tfmSv A\oXn ImWn-p--h-\- Fv 10epw ]d-bp-p Jp-B-\ns\
Xpw Xp-amn If hn`m-K-fn-tev AbsXpt]mse, \nbw Rm
\nfn-te-p hy-amb ap-dn-bn-p-Im-c XsbmsWv \_n-tbmSv ]d-bm\mWv
lnPv: 89-91 kq--fn ]d-n-p--Xv. Ben-Cw-dm: 103, Am-lp-hns ]miamb Jp-B\ns\ apdpsInSnv; `nn-msX HkwL-am-bn \ne-sIm-m Ievn-s apkven, Cv hnhn[ kwL-S-\-I-fmbn aXw IWs `nn-n-cn-p-p. Fm
kwL-S-\-Ifpw apivcnp-Ifpw ]nim-Nns kwL-ns]Xp-am-Wv (_Jd: 176-177, ABw: 158-159, lqZv: 17, An-bm-Av: 92-93, apAvan\q: 51-53, Adqw: 31-32 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
_Jd: 114, Alv: 27, kpa: 25-26, ^pkzn-e-v: 16 XpSnb kq--fn-semw JpBInn-bnv AXv ]n]-m--hv Cl-n \ny-Xbpw ]c-n AXn-I-Tn-\-amb
in-bp-am-sWv ap-dn-bnp \In-bn-p-v.
86.
Aq-X-s-bmWv ]c-temIw hnv ]Icw Cl-temIw hmn-bh

- . Atm
Ah-sc-smv in eLq-I-cn-p-I-bn-, Ah- Bcmepw klm-bn--s-SpI-bp-an-.
87.
\nbw aqkmv \mw {Kw \In-bn-p-v. At-l-n\ptijw ([mcmfw) {]hm-N-I-msc \mw ]np-S-b-p-Ibpw sNbvXn-p-v. ab-ans
]p{X Cukmv \mw hy-amb sXfn-hp-I (AS-bm-f-) \IpIbpw
]cn-ipm-m-hp-sImv At-ls \mw in-s-Sp-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. \nfpsS Cm-\n--v hncp--am-bn-sm-p (hn[n-hn-e-p-I-fp-am-bn)
GtXXv {]hm-N-I- \n-fn-tev h-tm-gpw \n kzbw Al--cn-pIbpw Ah-cn Nnesc If-hmn Xn--d-bpIbpw sNbvXp, ap Nnesc
\n sImp-sIm-n-cnpIbpw sNp-p.
ChnsS "]cn-ip-m-mhv'sImv Dt-in-p-Xv Pn_vco (A)-B-Wv. FmsX,

Am-lp-hns dqlv A. Am-lp-hns dqlv Xs-bmWv Fm-a\pjy-psa t]mse
Cukm-\-_npap-Xv. Cukm \_n(-A)-bpsS icocw cq]-s-Xv "Dm-hpI' F Amlp-hns hN-\w aptJ\bmWv (An-km-Av: 171). \lv: 102- Amlp \_n-tbmSv ]dbm I]n-pp: \ns \mY-\n\nv ]cn-ip-m-m-hmWv Jp-B-\ns\ ey-tmSp IqSn LwL-ambn Cd-n-bn-p--Xv, AXp-sImv hnizm-kn-Isf nc-s-Sp-p--Xn\v thnbpw, kkzw Am-lp-hn\v kan--hv kamKambpw ip`-hmZm-bI-ambnsm-p-am-W-Xv. Pn_vcoens\, dqlp JpZvkv (]-cn-ip--\mb dqlv) Fv \lv:
102--epw, dqlp Aao (hniz-kvX-\mb dqlv) Fv Ap-A-dm-Av: 193epw, dkqep
A_-Jd (2)
145
Icow (am-\y-\mb ZqX) Fv XIvho: 19-21epw ]d-n-p-v. AJ-Zv: 4, \_-Av: 38

XpS-nb kq--fn-semw ]d dqlv Pn_vco Xs-bm-Wv. \lv: 2, Aqd: 52
kq--fn ]d dqlv sImp-t-in-p-Xv Jp-B-\m-Wv.
Cv {]hmN-I-msc Xn--d-bpI sImp-I-f-bpI Fp]d-m Ah sImph Jp-B-\ns Bibw aqSn-sh-p-Ibpw Ah-K-Wn-p-Ibpw sNbvXv {]hm-N-Im-cpsS
t]cp-shv R Ah-cpsS Pohn-X-co-Xnsb kmy-s-Sp-p-psh Zpc-`n-am-\-n
Pohn--em-Wv. Cv Ccw Po-hnXw \bn-p--h apkvenw P\-X-bmWv FXv hfsc
hy-am-Wv (_Jd: 253, amCZ: 110 Iqn-hm-bn-pI). aZo-\-bn-ep PqXam \_n (k)sb
h[n-m {ian-n-cp--Xmbn am-CZ: 11 ]d-n-p-v. (_Jd: 12, 61 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mpI).
88.
Ah ]d-bp-Ibpw sNpp: R-fpsS lrZbw Xpfp-p-I-bm-Wv. A,

Ah cpsS \ntj[w ImcWw Amlp Ahsc i]n-n-cn--bm-Wv. Atm
Ah- Aw am{Xta hniz-kn-p-p-q.
aZo-\bn-ep PqX-m "{K-ns s]mXn-bSw R-fpsS lrZ-b-n-ep-v,

AXp-sImv C\n ]pXn-b-sXmpw Rp-th' F \bnem-bn-cpp \_ntbmSpw hnizm-kn-I-tfmSpw s]cp-am-dn-bn-cp--Xv. Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n-tev hcWsav
apkventfmSv ]d-bp-tm Ah-cpsS {]Xn-I-c-Whpw AXp-X-s-bmWv. {]tXy-Inv
Ah-cn-ep I]-S-hn-izmkn-IfpsS. "Atm Ah- Aw am{Xsa hniz-kn-p-p-q'
F-Xn\v "Ah-cn\nv Aw-t] am{Xsa hniz-kn-p-I-bp-q' Fpw Bi-b-ap-v.
ASn-S- n- {]XnI ewLnpI, Am-lp-hns kq- aqSn-shpI, A\ymbambn
\_n-amsc h[n-pI, R-fpsS lrZbw Xpfp-p-I-bmWv Fp]-d-bpI, adn-b-ans t]cn
hn A]-hmZw sIn--a-pI, \nbw R- Am-lp-hns {]hm-N-I akolp
Cuk_v\p adnbans\ h[npIfp Fv tLmjn-pI XpS-nb Imc-Wfm
Amlp Ahsc i]n-pI-bpw, Ah-cpsS \ntj[w ImcWw lrZ-b-v ap{Z-sh-pIbpw sNbvXn-cn-p-p Fv An-km-Av: 155-157 ]d-npv.
aZo-\-bn-ep As PqXam-cpsS Cu kz`mhw, JpB ]Tn--h-cmWv;
RXv Xpfp-p-I-bm-Wv F `mh-n A\ym-b-ambn `qan-bn Al--cnp \Sp temIsm-bn-S-p-ap I]-S-hn-izmknImWv Cp-sXv Jp-Bs\
kXym-kXy Dc--mbn D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-n-bm a\-n-emIpw. Amlphns i{Xp-fm-b, Amlp h[n-pI-f Ahsc hnizm-kn-I i{XpfmbnmW-W-sa-pw, Ahsc
kqn--W-sapw ap\m^n-Jq: 4 ]d-n-p-v. AAvdm^v: 40, kpa: 59 kq-fn ]d "JpB kq-tfmSv Al--cn--h' Fp-]-d-XpsImv Dtin-pXv Ccw I]-S-hn-izmkn-I-sfbm-Wv. Jp-B-\n-s Bi-b-an-msX ]WvUn-X-\m-sW
Al-mc-n \S-p--hsc Fs kq-fn\nv Rm ]nn-cn-nphnSpIXs
sNp-sav AAvdm^v: 146 ]d-n-p-v. Jp-B hln-p apkvenw km[m-c-W-mcpsS nXn- b m- s Wn Jp- B kqd- p- I - f psS t]cpItfm, kq- - f psS
Ftamt]mepw Ah-dn-bp-I-bn. Am-lp-hns {K-amb Jp-B-\ Ah-cpsS
Zrn-bn InXm_v; adnv a\p-jy Fgp-Xn-bp-m-n-b I imkv{X {K-fmWv.
AXv ]Tnh-sc-bmWv Ah ]WvUn-X-m-cmbn AwKo-I-cn-p-Xv!. _Jd: 67,14 hni-Zo-
JpB\ns Bmhv
146
I-cWw t\mpI.
89.
Ah-tcm-sSm-a
- pXns\ kXy-s-Sp-n-smv Am-lp-hn\n-p- {Kw
(Jp-B) Ahv h-tm Ah-cXv Xn--fp, AXn\papv Ah
\ntj-[n-I-fpsSta hnPbw tLmjn-phcmbn-cp-p. Atm Ahdn-bp Hv ({K-w) Ahv hp-In-n-b-tm AhcXns\ \ntj-[np
(aqSn-sh-p). Atm Ccw kXy-\n-tj-[n-I-fpsS-ta-emWv Am-lp-hns
im]apXv.
90.
Amlp Ah-X-cn-n--Xns\ \ntj-[n-p-I-hgn Ah kzs \-s-Spn-bXv F{X \nIrw! Xs ASn-a-I-fn\nv Ah Dt-in--hv

Ahs HuZmcyw Cd-n-sb t]mcp\nan--amWv (A-hcXv \ntj-[n--Xv).
As\bh tIm]-n-\p-ta tIm]-n\v Al-cm-bn--., (C--cw) kXy\n-tj-[n-Iv \nyamb in-bp-apv.
aZo\-bn-ep PqX-m \_n(-k) hcp--Xn-\p-apv Ah-cpsS CS-bn-ep Hukv,

JkvdPv tKm{X-m-cmb Ad-_n-I-tfmSv: R-fpsS {K-n Hcp {]hm-N-Is hc-hns\p-dnv ]d-bp-pv, B {]hm-N-I-s\m-np hm R At-l-tm-sSmw tNv
\nsf Pbn--S-pw Fp-]-d-n-cpp. Fm Ah-cpsS ]-ep {Ks kXys-Sp-p Jp-B\pw sImv apl-Zv \_n- (-k) h-tm, Ah Ah-cpsS {Kw
]qgvn-sh-p-Ibpw apl-Zv \_n(-k)sb FXnp--h-cn ap]-n-bnem-hp-Ibpw
sNbvXp. apl-Zv \_n(-k)-sb CkvlmJv ]c--c-bn\nv \ntbm-Kn-p-Xn\p ]Icw
Ckvam-Cu ]c--c-bn\nv \ntbm-Knp F hntZzjw (kzm-X) \nan--amWv
Amlp Cd-nb Jp-B-\n blq-Zn-I hniz-kn-m-Xn-cp-Xv. AXp-hgn Ah-cpsS
Bm-hns\ Ah \-s-Sp-n. Fm Cv Jp-B-\n-s\ aqSn-sh-p-Ibpw apl-Zv
\_n(-k)-sb Xn--d-bpIbpw sNp-X,v Jp-B hm-l-I-scpw apl-Zv \_n(-k)bpsS A\p-bm-bn-I-sfpw Zpc-`n-am-\n-p apkven am{X-amWv. PpapA: 5
IgpXtbmSpw PqX-tcmSpw, AAvd
- m^v: 176- D]-{Z-hn-mepw Cs-nepw amwhcm, \mhpw
\on \S-p \mb-tbmSpw D]-an-n-p--Xv Cu P\-XsbbmWv. Ccw Im^n-dp-I-fp-sSa Am-lp-hnsbpw i]n-p-h
- c
- p-sS-bpsamw im]-ap-sv _-Jd: 159-161, BenCwdm:
8688 kq--fn ]d npv.
Cv {Kw Jp-B am{Xamb-Xn-\m AXns t]cn `nn-p-Xv apkven
am{X-am-Wv. AXn-eqsS "{Kw Inn-bh am{Xta `nn-p-I-bpq' (_-n\: 4) Fp-]d-Xv \S-n-em-hp-I-bm-Wv. Cv apkvenw kwL-S-\-I Jp-B-\ns\ ^pJm(-kXyhpw AkXyhpw thXn-cn-p--Xn-\p Dc--v) Bp--Xn\p ]Icw Ah-c-h-cpsS
kwL- S - \ - I - s f- b mWv ^pJm Bnbn- c np- X v . Jp- B - \ ns BibanmsX
{]m\v Dcw e`n-p-Itbm, \a-kvImcw, t\mv, lv XpS-nb I- kzoIcn-p-I-tbm C-sv, Jp-B kq- D-cnv DWn-bnpw amwhcmsX ImIm-c-W-h-m-cpsS PohnXw \bn-p-Ibpw, hnhn[ kwL-S-\-I-fmbn ]ncnv Ah-c-h-cpsS
kwL-S-\- t\Xm- ]d-bp-Xv am{Xw AwKo-I-cnpIbpw sNbvXpsImv Jp-B-\ns\
aqSn-shp Pohn-p apkvenw-I-fmWv Jp-B Xn--d-bp Im^n-dp-I. Ahcnep
A_-Jd (2)
147
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I- Xs-bmWv tIm]-n-\pta tIm]-n B]-Xn-hcpw, hnNm-c-Wbn-msX \c-I-n- t]mIp--hcpw (A-n-km-Av: 145). ^mnl: 7, _Jd: 4142,213
hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.91.
Amlp Ah-X-cn-n--Xn hniz-kn-pI Fv Ah-tcmSv ]d-b-s-m,

Ah ]d-bpp: R RfpsS-ta C-d-sXn hniz-kn-p-hcmWv, AXns ]nm-se-bp--Xns\ Ah \ntj-[n-p-Ibpw sNp-p.
AXm-Is (Jp-B) Ah-tcm-sSm-a
- pXns\ kXy-s-Sp-p bmYmyhp- a m- W v . \_n- t b tNmZn- pI: \n hnizm- k n- I - f m- b ncps- n,
CXn\papv Fn-\mWv \n Am-lp-hns \_n-amsc sImp-sIm-ncp-Xv?
CtX tNmZyw Cv apkven-tfm-SmWv Amlp tNmZn-p--Xv. Jp-B- hml-Icmb \n bYm-n AXn hniz-kn-p--h-cm-sW-n, D-acpw D-Xcpw
ap--hv t\XrXzw sImSp-p--hcpw Jp-B-\ns PohnXw \bnv apl-Zv \_nbpsS PohnXw kmy-s-Sp-m IS-a-s--h-cpamWtm. Fn-cns \n ]nSn-hn-bn-msX \ny-cpw \oN-cpambn A[:]-Xnv ap--h-cm shdp-sSp--hcpw, \_nam-cpsS t]cpshv Ahsc P\-a-[y-n sImmsX sImp-Ibpw sNp--h-cmbn A[:]-Xn--sX-s\? Fm {]hm-N-Iamcpw hnizm-knI-fm-bn-cp-p. B {]hm-N-Iam-cpsS
PohnXw ChnsS kmy-s-Spn Pohn-p--h am{XamWv hnizm-kn-IfpsS kwL-n
tNcp--Xv.
_Jd: 93,248, 278, Ben-Cw-dm: 139,175, amCZ: 23,57,112, AAvdm^v: 85, A^m: 1,
Xu_: 13, lqZv: 86, Aq: 17, lZo-Zv: 8 XpS-nb kq--sfmw Ah-km-\n-p--Xv,
"\n hnizm-kn-I Xs-bm-sW-n' F Bi-b-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. _Jd: 40-44
92.
Xo-bmbpw aqkm hy-amb Zrm--fpwsImv \n-fn hn-p-mbn-cp-p. AXn\p-tijw \n ]ip-p-nsb (Cem-lmbn) sXc-s-Spp, Atm \n A{I-an-I Xs-bm-bn-cp-p.
aZo\-bnep PqX-msc, X kXy-nepw Im-Im-c-W-h-msc ]np-Sv

Pohn-p--h-cp-am-sW hmZ-n\v adp-]-Sn-bmbn Ah-cpsS ]qn-I \S-nb [nm-c\bw A\p-kva-cn-n-p-I-bmWv ChnsS. Cv apl-Zv \_nbpsS Pohn-X-amWv R
\bn-p--sXv A`n-am-\n-p apkven- CXn\nv KpW-]mTw Dsmv ImIm-c-W-ham-cpsS PohnXw A-ambn A\p-I-cn-msX Amlp Cd-nb Jp-B-\ns
XW-en-ep Hcp PohnXw Nn-s-Spn Cl-]c Pohn-X-hn-Pbw t\tS-Xm-Wv. (_Jd:
170, amCZ: 104, epJvam: 21, kpKvdp-^v: 21-23 Iqn-hm-bn-pI). _Jd: 18 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mpI.
93.
Xzq ]-Xs \n-fpsSta Dbn-smv \n-tfmSv \mw {]Xn

hmnb k`hpw Hmt-Xm-Wv. \mw \nv \In-bXv inbmbn apdpsInSn-p-I, AXv {inp tIpI-Ibpw sNp-I, Ah
148
JpB\ns Bmhv
]dp: R tIp, R [n-cn-p-p. Ah-cpsS \ntj[w ImcWw
]ip-p-nsb Ah-cpsS lrZ-b-n IpSn-bn-cp-s-n-cp-p. \_ntb
]dbpI: \n hnizm-kn-I-fm-bn-cp-s-n \n-fpsS B hnizmkw \ntfmSv In-p-Xv F{X \nIrw!
]ip-`n lrZ-b-n ebn Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-I, AhtcmSv Amlp sNbvX

Icm-dp-I ewLn-p-sImv [nm-c-]q-amb Pohn-X-amWv \bn-n-cp--Xv. \_n(-k)-bpsS
kZ-n hn-cp aZo-\-bn-ep blq-Zn-I ""R tIp, R A\p-k-cnp'' Fv
]d-bp--Xn\p ]Icw ""R tIp, R [n-cn-p-Ibpw sNpp'' FmWv ]dn-cp--Xv (A-n-km-Av: 46). Cs apkven-tfmSv Jp-B\ns Pohn-X-w \bn-W-sav ]dbptm, R Jp-B ]Tn--hcpw AXn hniz-kn-p--h-cp-am-sW
Zpc-`n-am-\-n \ne-sIm-p-IbmWv Ah sNpI. bYm-n PqX-m ]ip-pnsb {]Xn-jvTn--Xp-t]mse X-fpsS lrZ-b--fn kwL-S-\-I-sfbpw Im-Im-c-W-hm-scbpw {]Xn-jvTn-phcmWh. aZo-\-bn-ep PqX-m {Kw Ah-cpsS asf
]Tn-n-n-cp--Xp-t]mses-bmWv Chcpw Bi-b-an-msX Jp-B-\ns icocw asf
]Tn-n-p--Xv. Ch-cnse Nne hn`m-K- {K-s Poh-\mb Aw ]Tn-n-p-ps-nepw Bm-hmb Bi-bw ]Tn-n-m--h-cm-Wv. Ccw Im^n-dp-Isf \msf \cI-n-tev hen-sdnbp-tm, \c-I-ns ]mdmhp-Im-cpsS tNmZy-n\p adp-]-Sn-bmbn
Ah ]dbpIbpw sNpw: ""R Jp-B-\ns Bibw tIn-cp-p-sh-n, Asn _pn D]-tbm-Knv Nnn-n-cp-p-sh n Cu In-bm-fp \c-I-ns kl-hmkn-I-fm-Ip-am-bn-cp-ntm''apIv: 610 t\mpI. (Ben-Cw-dm: 10, kpa: 59,71, bmko:
62 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I) amCZ: 81 Amlp ]d-bpp: Am-lp-hn-epw, {]hm-N-I-\n-epw,
{]hm-N-I\v Cd-s Jp-B-\nepw hniz-kn-p--h-cm-bn-cp-s-n, PqXam hnizmkn-Isf Hgn-hm-n-sImv I]-S-hn-izmkn-Isf Iqp-Im-c-mbn sXsc-sSpp-am-bn-cp-n.
Fm Ah-cn A[n-It- ]cpw [nm-cn-If
- mb I]-Sh
- n-izm-kn-I Xs-bm-Ip-p. Fm
Cv PqXam- c psS Cu kz`mhw {Kns hml- I - s cv A`n- a m- \ n- p-
apkvenmWp-Xv. Ah-cn\nv am{X-ta I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I Dm-hp-I-bp--q.
ImcWw Cv Amlp AwKoI cn {Kw Jp-B am{X-amWv (lq-Zv: 17 t\mp-I).
_Jd: 61,73-76 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
94.
\_ntb ]dbpI: Am-lp-hns ]ep ]c-tem-I`

- h
- \w ap P\-smp-an-msX \nv am{X-apXmsW-n \n ac-Ws sImXn-pI, \n kXyw ]d-bp--h-cm-sW-n.
_Jd: 23,28,31,111, Ben-Cw-dm: 93,168,183, A-Bw: 40-,143, bq\p-kv: 48, lqZv: 13, \wev:
64,71, k_-Av: 29, kPZ: 28, bmko: 48, ZpJm: 36, Pmknb: 25, AlvJm-^v: 4, lpP-dm-v:
17, hmJznA: 87, apIv: 25, PpapA: 6, Jew: 22 XpS-nb kq--sfmw Ah-km-\n-pXv "\n kXyw- ]-dbph-cm-sW-n' F Bi-b-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv.
95.
Ah-cpsS Ic- apIqn Hcp-n-sh-Xv (\-c-IambXv) ImcWw, Ah

Hcn-epw AXns\ (ac-Ws) sImXn-p-I-bn-. Amlp Ccw A{I-anI-sf-p-dnv icnpw Adn-hp--h\m-Ip-p.
A_-Jd (2)
149
aZo-\bn apl-Zv \_n-bpsS apn-ep-m-bn-cp PqX-m-cpsS Cu kz`mhhpw Dnen-cnpw Cv temI-P-\-X-bn apkvenm-Wp--sXv Jp-B Xpem-kmbn D]tbm-Kn-m ImWmw. ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I-\mb Amlp \njv]--hm-\m-Wv. Ah Bscbpw
kzKn- t etm \c- I - n- t etm Bp- n. Ah a\p- j ysc kzK- n
krnpIbpw Hmtcm Bm-hn-\pw AXns ZpamKhpw kamKhpw \In-bn-p-spw, BcmtWm Ah-c-hsc Jp-BsImv ipo-I-cn-Xv Ah hnP-bnpsa-pw,
BcmtWm kamKw D]-tbm-Ks
- -Sp-mXv Ah ]cm-Pn-Xc
- m-Ip-sapw Awkv: 710
]d-n-pv. Ckm: 3 a\p-jy\v \n-{]-I-Sn-n-p--h Asn \n-sI--h
Fo cnsemcp amKw sXsc-s-Sp-m kzmX{yhpw \In Fp-w]-d-n-p-v.
liv: 18 hnizm-kn-Isf hnfnp \mtf-p-thn FmWv Hcp-n-sh-n-p--sXp
Hmtcm Bmhpw t\mn-m-WWsap ]d-n-p-v. PpapA: 7 Av PqXamcpw,
Cv I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw Ah-cpsS ssII Hcp-n-sh-Xp \c-I-am-b-Xn-\m H-cn-epw
acn-m B{K-ln-p-I-bn; Amlp Ccw A{I-an-I-sf-p-dnv icnpw Adn-hp--h\mWv Fp]d-n-p-v. Ilv^v: 57 X-fpsS dns kq- lrZ-b-ns
`mj-bn tIn-nv AXns\ Ah-K-Wn-p-I-bpw, Xs ssII Hcp-n-shnpXv
adp Pohn-p-Ibpw sNbvX-h-t\-m Ghpw henb A{I-an-bm-cm-Wp-s-sXp tNmZnp-p. A^m: 49 I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fpw lrZbfn tcmK-ap--hcpw "hnizm-knIsf Ah-cpsS Zo hn-n-cn-pp' Fv ]d-v ]cn-l-knp-sIm-n-cnp-h-cmIpp
Fp]d-bp-p. 50 Ccw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fmb Im^n-dp-Isf acn-n-p ka-bv
ae-p-I apJpw ]nc-Sn-bn-ep-samw ASn-p-Ibpw, \n Hcp-n-sh Icn-p
in cpNn-p-sIm-p-Im-sbp ]d-bpIbpw sNp cwKw hc-p-Im-Wn-p-p. 51
AXv (\-c-Iw) \n \npthn Hcp-n-sh-n-p--XmWv. FmsX Amlp
Ahs ASn-aItfmSp Awt]mepw A\o-Xn- Im-Wn-p-I-bnmsbp ]d-bp-p. 52
Am-lp-hns kq- aqSn-sh--Xpw If-hm-n-b-Xp-amWv AXn\p ImcWsapw, 53
Amlp Hcp P\-X-bp-sS-ta \Inb A\p-{K-l- Ah kzbw amw hcp-p--Xphsc amn-a-dn-p-I-bn-spw ]d-n-p-v. (AAvdm^v: 37-38, Ad-AvZv: 11 Iqn-hm-bnpI). Jp-B ]Tn-p-Xn\pw ]Tn-n-p--Xn\pw thn ka-bhpw ]W-hpw, asm
A\p-{K-l-fpw sNe-h-gn-p- hnizm-kn-Iv acn-m `b-ap-m-bn-cn-p-I-bn-. Ah
kzKn-te-p Snv (Ckm: 29, AlmJ: 48) FSp--h-cpw Pohn-X-eyw a\n-emn Ncn-p--h-cp-am-bXmWv AXn\pImcWw. Ah Am-lp-hns\sXmpw Ah
AhscsXmpw Xr]vXn-s--h-cp-am-Wv. (amCZ: 119, Xu_: 100, d-AvZv: 28, apPm-Zne: 22,
A^Pv: 23-24, 27-30, _n\: 6 kq- Iqn-hm-bn-pI).
Ben-Cw-dm: 181182, lv: 10, Aqd: 48, liv: 18, \_-Av: 40, ^Pv: 23-24 XpSnb kq--fn XfpsS ssII ChnsS km-Zn-Xv Xs-bmWv ]c-tem-Ip
e`n-p-Is
- bv ImWmw. Jp-B\ns Bi-ba
- n-msX {]hn-s
- Xmw Ah-cpsS apn
shpsImSp-p-Ibpw Imn]d-p [qfnbmn amn--f-bp-Ibpw sNp--Xm-sWv
^pJm: 23 ]d-n-p-v. _Jd: 39 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
96.
\n-bw, P\-f
- nshv Ghpw Pohn-m sImXn-bp-h
- c
- mbn \o Ahsc
ImWp-X
- m-Wv; Am-lp-hns A[n-Im-cm-hI
- m-ifn ]p-tNp-- _lpssZ-hm-cm-[Itcmfpw. Ah-cn Hmtcm-cp-cpw sImXn-p-Xv Bbncw
150
JpB\ns Bmhv
hjw ChnsS Pohn-m km[n-n-cp-s-n Fm-Wv. Fm Ahsc
in-sbsXmv AIphm Ah-cpsS ZoLm-bpv Hpw ]cym-]vXambn-.
Ah-cpsS {]h-\-sfmw Amlp hon-psIm-n-cn-p-p.
Pohn-X-eyw \-s PqX-m Cl-temI Pohn-Xw-sImv Xr]vXn-s--h-cm-bn-cpp. ChnsS Bbncw hjw kzKob PohnXw \bn-m Ah-kcw Inn-bn-cp-p-sh-n
F{X \m-bn-cp-ts\ Fm-bn-cpp Ah-cpsS Dn-en-cn-v. ]t, Ah-cpsS ZoLmbpv, {K-ns shfn--n Ip- Xncn--dn-v ]m-]nv P\n--Xp-t]mse
kzKn-te-p-Xs Xncn-p-t]m-Im Ah D]-Im-c-s-SppIbn-. Cv Jp-B
hln-p apkven-fpsS nXnbpw CXp-X-s-bmWv. Cv temIv Ghpw kpJtem-ep-]cpw [q-mcpw acn-m`b-ap--hcpw apkven-fmWv Fp ImWmw. AhcpsS Ic- Hcp-n-sh-n-p-Xv kzKn\p]Icw \c-I-am-b-Xp-sIm-m-WXvv. Cv
apkven Fm Xn-bnepw ap]-n-bnepw \-bn ]nn-ep-amWv. `qan-bn FhnsS,
B cw Nnn-bmepw \miw hnX-mepw AXns in hln-t-Xv Jp-B hlnp apAv-an-\-m apkvenfmWv. {]tXy-Inv Ah-cnse ap\m-^n-Jp-I-fmb ]n-XmcmWv F hkvXpX Ah Xncn--dn-bp-n-. Iw! \c-I-s-sXmv Fv a-bmWv
Ahp-Xv? (_Jd: 174176).
Cu kq-n ]d inv sNp--h Cv apkvenw km[m-c-W m-cmWv.
Ah-tc-mfpw ZoLm-bp-n\pthn sImXn-p-I Ah-cpsS t\Xm--m-cmb I]-S-hnizmkn-IfmWv. PqX ]S-\m-b-I-\mb ako-lp--m-ens\ kzoI-cn-p--hcpw, klm-bn-p-hcpw Ccw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fmbncn-pw. apkvenw km[m-c-W-m- ako-lp--mens kzKw sXsc-s-Sp-v \-s-Sp-Xpam-bn-cn-pw. Cukm \_n h-tijw
Zm-en-s\-bpw, Fgp-]-Xn-\m-bncw PqX t\Xm--sfbpw h[n-pXpw tijw sslhcpw ss{IkvXh
- c
- p-samw Cukm \_nsb AwKo-Ic
- nv Ckvemw kzoI-cn-p-Xpw Cukm
\_nbpsS t\Xr-Xz-n hnizm-kn-I I]-S-hn-izmknIsf h[nv An-km-Av: 91, Xu_:
123, Alvkm-_v: 61 XpS-nb kq--fpsS Iev]\ \S-n-em-pXpam-Wv. hnizm-kn-ItfmSv ako-lp--m-ens \cIw sXsc-s-Sp-m-\mWv \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p--Xv. JpB-\ns\ AW--p-]-tbm-Knv ISn-p-]n-Snncn--W-sav l-p hnZm-C Xs
\_n (k) ]Tn-n-Xv ]n]-p hnizm-kn-Iv am{Xta AXn\v km[n-p-I-bp-q.
_Jd: 67,90, Xu_: 55 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
97.
\_ntb ]d- b pI: h- h \pw Pn_v c o- e ns i{Xp- h m- s W- n \nbw

Pn_vco AXv (Jp-B) \ns lrZ-b-n-tev Cd-n-bXv Am-lp-hns
B{]Imcw am{X-am-Wv. AXm-Is (Jp-B\mIs) AXns app-Xns\ kXy-s-Sp-p-Xpw hnizm-kn-I-fmb P\-Xbvv kmKhpw (lpZmbpw) ip`-hmm-Zm-b-I-hp-am-Wv.
\lv: 102 Ah-km-\n-p-X

- v, Cu Jp-B kkzw Am-lp-hn\v kanhv
kamKhpw ip`-hm-Zm-bI-hpamWv F Bi-b-n-em-Wv. _Jd: 185 {]Imcw,
samw a\p-jyv lpZ-bm-bn-mWv Jp-B Cd-n-b-sX-n-epw, AXns Bibw a\n-emn ]n]-p hnizm-kn-Iv am{Xta AXv lpZmbpw ip`-hm-bp-am-hp-I-bpq. bqkp^v: 111 Ah-km-\n-p-Xv, Jp-B hnizm-kn-Iv kamKhpw Imcp-
A_-Jd (2)
151
Wyhpw Xs-bmWv F Bi-b-n-em-Wv. \wev: 77, \nbw Jp-B hnizm-knIv kamKhpw Imcp-Wyhpw Xs-bm-sWv ]d-bp-p. A-Bw: 157, AAvdm^v:
203, bq\p-kv: 57, \lv: 64, \wev: 2, epJvam: 3, ^pkzn-e-v: 44 XpS-nb kqI-X--fnsemw Jp-B hnizm-kn-Iv lpZmbpw Imcp-Wyhpw kamKZm-b-Ihpw tcmK-i-a-\hp-am-sWv ]d-n-p-v. Fm Jp-B I]Shnizm-kn-Iv amen-\y-am-sWv Xu_:
125epw A{I-an-Iv AXv \jvSa-msX hn-n-p-I-bn-sp Ckvdm-Av: 82-epw, Im^ndp-Iv JpB Zp:Jn\p Imc-W-am-sWv AlmJ: 50epw ]d-n-p-v. _Jd:
2,5,38 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
98. h-h\pw Am-lp-hn-sbpw Ahs ae-p-I-I-fp-sSbpw Ahs ZqX-mcp-sSbpw Pn_vco-en-sbpw aoIm-Cu-en-sbpw i{Xp-hm-sW-n (Ah Adnn-cn--s) \nbw, Amlp (Ccw) \ntj-[n-I-fpsS i{Xp-hm-Wv.
apl-Zv \_nv Jp-B sImp-h-cp-Xv Pn_vco Bb-Xp-Im-cWw PqX-m
Pn_vco-ens\ Ah-cpsS i{Xp-hmbn KWn-p. Am-lp-hn-t\mtSm Ahs GsX-nepw aep-ItfmtSm {]hm-N-I-m-tcmtSm i{XpX ImWn-m Ah Im^n-dpIfpw, Amlp
Acw \ntj-[n-I-fpsS i{Xp-hp-am-Wv.
\_n-bpsS Imev blq-Zn-I-fn\n-p Hcp kwLw \_n-sb -kao]nv \mev
Imcy-sfp-dnv tNmZn-p-Ibpw AXn\v hy-amb adp-]Sn Xcn-I-bm-sW-n R
\ns kXy-s-Sp-p-Ibpw hniz-kn-p-Ibpw sNm-sav ]d-bpIbpw sNbvXp. (1)
Xudmv Cd-p--Xn-\p-apv Ckvdm-Cu(b-Av-Jzq_v) FmWv X\nv \njn--am-nbXv? \_n adp-]Sn \In: bAv-Jzq-_n\v tcmKw h-tm At-l-n\v Ghpw Cs `-W-hn-`-h-amb H-I-ns amwkhpw ]mepw t\-bmbn Hgn-hm-m-sav Amlp-hn-t\mSv ]d--X-\p-k-cnv H-I-ns ]mepw amwkhpw Atlw hn-p. Atm
Ah ]dp: Am-lpth icn-bm-Wv. Atm \_n Ah-cp-sSta Am-lp-hns\
kmy-s-Sp-n. (2) ]pcp-j-sbpw kv{Xobp-sSbpw shw (C-{n-b-a-S-p {Zmh-Iw)
F-s\bp-XmWv?, AXn\nv F-s\-bmWv BIpnbpw s]Ip-nbpw Dm-IpXv? \_n adp-]Sn \In: ""]pcp-js shw In-bp-Xpw sh-\n-d-n-ep--Xp-amWv. kv{Xobp-tSXv t\cn-bXpw a-\n-d-n-ep--Xp-amWv. BcpsS kvJe\-amWv AXn-Pbnp--Xv, Ah-cpsS apJ-m-b-bn-em-bn-cnpw Ipn P\n-p-I. ]pcp-js kvJe-\w \Sp-Xv kv{XobpsS kvJe-\n\v tij-am-sW-n Am-lp-hns thp-I-tbmsS Ipn
BWpw, kv{XobpsS kvJe-\w \S-p-Xv ]pcp-js kvJe-\n\v tij-am-sW-n
Am-lp-hns thp-I-tbm-Sp-IqSn Ipn- s]-p-am-bn-cn-pw. Atm Ah ]dp: Am-lpth icn-bm-Wv. Atm \_n AhcpsSta Am-lp-hn-s\ kmn-bm-n. B\n-b-{Ww ]men-m km[n-p hnizm-kn-bmb ]pcp-j\v Ahs Ipnsb BtWm
s]tm Bbn sXc--Sp-m km[n-p-sav CXn\nv a\-n-em-m-hp--Xm-Wv.
(3) Xudm-n ]cm-ain Dnv (\n-c-c) Bb {]hm-N-Is\p-dnpw ae-pIfn\nv At-l-ns henv (k-lm-bn) BcmWv Fpw Rv hnhcpXcnI?
\_n adp-]Sn \In: At-l-ns Ip-I Dd-ptm lrZbw Dd-p-n. At-lns henv Pn_vco-epam-Wv. Hcp {]hm-N-I-s\bpw Pn_vco-ens\ klm-bn-bm-n-sm-msX Amlp \ntbm-Kn-n-n-. Atm Ah ]dp: Chn-sS-bmWv \mw hntbm-
152
JpB\ns Bmhv
Pn-p--Xv. ae-p-I-fn\nv av Bcm-sW-nepw R \ns ]n]-p-Ibpw kXy-sSp-p-Ibpw sNp-am-bn-cp-p. Pn_vco R-fpsS i{Xp-hm-Wv. CXh ]d--tm-gmWv
Amlp 98-mw kqw Ah-X-cn-n-Xv. (4) CSn-an-ens\p-dnv Rv ]d-p-XcnI? \_n adp-]Sn \In: ""taLsf-smv `c-tan--s "aom-Cu' F
aev Ahsb ]nfptm B Lj-W-n\np Df-hm-Ip Xo an]n-Wcpw
Atm-gp-m-Ip iw CSn-bp-am-Wv.''
A-Bw: 33 Amlp ]d-bp-p: \nbw Ah \ns-b Xn--d-bp-Xv (If-hm-p--Xv) Fm Cu A{I-an-I Am-lp-hns kq--tfm-SmWv hntcm[wshp
]pep--Xv. Jp-B\ns Bibw tIp--Xn\npw km[m-cW P\-sf XSbp I]-S-hn-izmknI Am-lp-hns i{Xp--fm-sW-pw, Ahv imizX `h-\-ambn
\c-I-ap-spw AXh Am-lp-hns kq--tfmSv hntcm[wshp]pen-bXv
sImm-sWpw ^pkzn-e-v: 26-28 ]d-n-cn-p-p. bYm-n Cs
apkven-sf-tmses, aZo-\bn-ep PqX-mv ae-p-I-tfmtSm {]hm-N-I-t\m-tSm
hnizm-kn-I-tfmtSm B-bn-cp-n i{XpX; adnv Jp-B-t\m-Sm-bn-cp-p. (AAvdm^v: 49-51,
^p-kzn-e v: 40-44 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 24,34 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
99.
\nbw \n\v \mw hy-amb kq- Cd-n--gn-p. B kqsf sXm-Sn-I-fmb I]-S-hn-izmknI-f-msX aqqSn-sh-p-Ibn.
Jp-B Xf-fn--d-bp-Ibpw aqSn-sh-p-Ibpw sNp--h sXm-Sn-I-fmb I]-S-hnizmknI-fpw, kzsbpw Am-lp-hn-s\bpw ad--h-cpam-Wv (Xu_: 67-68, liv: 19
Iqn-hm-bn-pI) ABw 49 Jp-B kq-sf Xn--d-bp-Ibpw If-hm-p-Ibpw
sNbvX [nm-cn-I-fmb sXm-Sn-Isf in _m[n-pIXs sNp-sap ]d-n-p-v.
AI-_q-v: 47- Im^n-dp-I-f-msX \psS kq--tfmSv hntcm[wshv Xn-p-Ibn Fp-]-d-n-p-v. 48-, Ah anYy-mhm-Zn-I-fm-sWpw, 49-, Adnhv \Inb
Bfp-I-fpsS s\p-I-fn Cu Jp-B hyamb sXfn-hp-I Xs-bm-Wv. A{I-an-If-msX \psS kq-tfmSv hntcm[wshv Xn-p-I-bn- Fpw ]d-n-pv
(lZoZv: 6 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Amlp Cdn-bXpsIm-v (Jp-B) hynPohn-X-nepw
IpSpw- _ - P ohnX- nepw kaqlPohn- X - nepw hn[n- I ev ] n- m- - h Xs- b mWv
sXmSnI Fv amCZ: 47- ]d-n-p-v
sXm-SnI-fmb P\-Xb
-
- msX \in-n-s
- -Sptam? FtNmZy-tm-sS-bmWv AlvJm^v: 35 Ah-km-\n-p--Xv. A_k: 17 Jp-B kq- aqSn-sh--h h[n--sn-cn-p-p F-pw, ap\m-^n-Jq: 4 I]-S-hn-izmkn-I h[n--s-n-cn-p-p Fpw,
Am-cn-bmv: 10-11, Jp-B Innbtijw A{i--bn ap-]n-Snv t_m[-an-msX
Pohn-ph h[n-s-n-cn-pp Fpw]d-n-p-v. "Amlp Ahsc h[n-n-pp'
Fp-]-d--Xns hnh-, Jp-B-\ns Bibw aqSn-sh--Xp-Im-cWw Ah-cpsS Bmhns\ Amlp FSp-p--I-f-n-cn-p-p Fpw, Ah Bm-hn-msX Poh am{Xap Ah--bnDdph-bnPohn-phcmWv Fm-Wv. Pohn-X-eyw \s-v, t_m[-an-mh--bn- Ign-bp--hcm-b-Xp-sImv Ah-cpsS Hcp Ihpw kzoIcn--sSp-Ibpan-. acWtm-Sp-IqSn Ah \-cI-n {]th-in-n--s-Sp--Ibpw sNpw
(BenCwdm: 10 t\mp-I).
A_-Jd (2)
153
Cv Jp-B aqSn-sh-p Ccw I]-S-hn-izm-knI-fmWv temIs Fm ]nIfn-sebpw Cam-ap-am. Atm hnizm-kn-Iv Ahsc ]np-Sv \a-kvI-cn-m ]pI-bn-. ^mn-l-: 7, tIm]w hjn--s-h-cpsS Iq-n tN-cp-tX-sbp ]dbp-tm Ccw ap\m-^n-Jp-I-fn s]Sp--cp-tXsb-mWv a\-n Icp-tX--Xv. hnizmkn-I-fpsS GI kwLhpw, Camapanm Hch- hm R Fp-sN--W-sa
lpssZ-^-Xp bam\nbpsS tNmZy-n\v adp-]Snbmbn \_n (k): "Fm hn`m-K--sfbpw
shSn-bphm\pw, Imnt]mbn GsX-nepw ac-ns aqSv ISn-p-]n-Snp acWwhsc \nesIm-m\pamWv'ApXs ]Tn-nnp--Xv. Fm Fgppw hmb-\bpw Adn-bp-h-tcmSv Jp-B-\ns Bibw ISn-p-]n-Snp \ne-sIm-m-\p-amWv l-p hnZmCXs \_n ]Tn-n-n-p--Xv. ^mnl: 7, _Jd: 67,26 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
100. Fm Hmtcm {]mh-iyhpw DS-Sn sNbvX-tm-sgms Ah-cn\n-p
Hcphn`mKw B DS--Snsb hen-sdn-n-p-v, A; Ah-cn A[n-I-t]cpw
hnizm-kn-I-fm-hp-I-bn-.
kzK-nshv Am-lp-hp-ambn sNbvX DSSn ]men-msX Am-lphns\ adp-sImv Pohn-p--h Xs-bm-Wv ^mkn-Jo-. Fm Hmtcm-{]m-h-iyhpw Fp-]d-Xns hnh-, Cu DS--Snsb DWp GXv kq- Hman-n-mepw AhcXv
]men-p-I-bn-s-pw, Am-lp-hns\ kmy-s-Spnsmv krn-I-fp-ambn sNbvX
GXp Icmdpw Ah ewLn-p-sapamIpp. Ah-cn A[n-I-t]cpw hnizm-kn-I-fm-hp-Ibn- F-Xns hnh-, kzK-n-te-p hn`m-K-amb, Bbn-c-n Hm-t-Wta
Fh {]mn-p-I-bn FXmWv (A-n-km-Av: 118 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
101. Ah-tcm-sSm-a
- p-X
- ns\ kXy-s-Sp-n-smv Am-lp-hn\n-p ZqX
Ah-cn-tev h-tm, {Kw \I-s--hcn\n-smcp hn`mKw Ahv
bmsXmpw Adn-bm--Xp-t]mse Am-lp-hns {Kw Ah-cpsS ]ndIntev hen-sdnp.
102. (Fntm), kpsse-ams cmPm-[n-]-Xy-ns\Xn-cn ]nim-Np- ]d-p]-c-n-b-Xns\ Ah ]n]-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. kpsse-am \ntj-[n-bm-bn-n, Fm \nbw ]nim-Np--fmWv \ntj-[n-I-fm-b-Xv. Ah P\-sf
knlvdv (am-c-Ww) ]Tn-n-p. _m_n-tem-Wn-bm-bn "lmdqv amdqv' Fo
cv ae-p-Iv Cd-s-Xn-s\bpw (Ah ]n]-n). B ae-p-I
cp-t]cpw Ah-cn\nv Hcm-sfbpw "\nbw R Hcp ]co--W-amW,v
AXn\m \n \ntj-[n-I-fmI-cpXv' Fv ]d-n--msX Hpw ]Tn-nn-n-. Fm Ah cp-t]-cn\npw B P\w, `m-hns Iognep `mcysb th]n-cn-sSpp Hcp hnZy ]Tn-p. Fm Am-lphns kXw IqSmsX B hnZy-sImv Ah Hcm-sfbpw D]-{Z-hn-n-n-.
Fm Ahv D]-{Z-h-I-c-ambXpw D]-Im-c-{]-Za-mXpamb B hnZy
Ah ]Tn-p sImncnpp. AXp-ambn _-s-Sp--hv ]c-tem-In Hcp hnln-X-hp-an-sv Ahv icn-padn-bmw. Ah F{X tamiamb hne-bvm-Wv Ah-sc-s hnp-I-f-sXv Ah Adnncp-
JpB\ns Bmhv
154
sn!
amcWw, IsIv XpS-nb p{ZhnZy-I-fmemWv kpsse-am \_n-bpsS cmPm-[n]Xyw \ne-\np--sXv ]nim-Np- ]dp]c-n-bn-cp-p. Fm kpsse-am
\_n-bpsS Ign-hp-Ifmh-s Amlp \In-bXpw, amcWw ]Tn-n-n-cp-Xv ]nim-Np--fpam-Wv. _m_n-tem-Wn-b-bnse P\X Ah-cpsS CwKn-X- km[n-np Inp--Xn-\p-thn
]nimNv ]Tn-n Ccw amc-W-hn-Zy-bn-tev Nm-tm B P\-Xsmcp ]co--Wambn Amlp AhnsS lmdq-v, amdqv Fo ae-p-Isf a\p-jy-cq-]-n amcWw
]Tn-n-p--Xn\mbn \ntbm-Kn-p. Ah cp-t]cpw, amcWw ]Tn-p-hm hcp--h-tcmSv:
""\nbw R ]co--W-am-Wv. \n CXp-hgn \ntj-[n-I-fm-I-cp-Xv'' Fv ]d-nmsX P\-sf Hpw ]Tn-n-n-cp-n-. Fm Zp\n-bm-hns ]n-I-fmbn A[:]Xn
B P\X, `m-hns Iogn- Pohn-p kv{XoIsf ASnsbSpv Ah-cp-ambn
Ahn-ln-X-_w ]pep--Xn-\p-thn Cu hnZy (am-c-Ww) D]-tbmKnp. bYmn Am-lp-hns thpIIqSmsX amc-W-sa-; asm-p-sImpw Bpw Hcmsfbpw D]-{Z-hn-m km[y-a-. \bpw Xnbpw Am-lp-hn\n-p--Xm-sW
hnizmkIm-cy-fns]-XmWv C-Xv. Fmepw B P\X, D]-Im-c-{]-Z-a-m D]-{Z-h-I-camb B hnZy ]Tnv Zp\nbmhv Bkz-Znv ]c-temIw \-s-Spn. amc-W-hp-ambn _s-Sp--hv kzKns hmk-\-t]mepw e`n-p-I-bn-sv \_n(-k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v.
amc-W-ap-spw, AXv ]Tn-n-p-Xpw AXp-ambn _-s-Sp-Xpw ]nim-Np--fmsWpw Cu kqw ]Tn-n-pp. a\p-jy-cnepw Pnp-I-fnepw ]nim-Np--fp-sv
ABw: 112-epw, Amkv: 6epw ]d-n-p-v. X-fpsS \mY-\n `c-tan hnizmkn-I-fpsSta B ]nim-Nn\v bmsXmcp kzm[o-\hpw A[n-Imc-hp-an (Alv: 99).
Atm "Am-lv' F kvac-W-tbm-Sp-IqSn Ncn-p, Ah-\n `c-tan hnizm-knIv amcWw F, Hcp D]-{Z-hhpw Bcn\npw Gp-I-bn-. Fm {]hm-NI-mv amc-W-taptam F tNmZy-n\v Gpw FmWv adp-]-Sn. aqkm \_n-bpambn a-cnp Xn\v ^n-Hu hnfn-p-h-cp-nb amc-W-m-, AhcpsS Ib-dp-Ifpw
hSn-Ifpw \ne-t-n--tm amcWwhgn Ah Nen-p--Xmbn aqkmp tXmn, aqkm
Dn-s-bp-n `b-s-p (Xzml: 66,67). kzmZv: 41 Aq_v \_n {]mn-Xmbn
Amlp ]d-bpp: \nbw Fs ]nimNns _m[-bpw, inbpw _m[n-n-cn-p-p.
hj-ptijw Aq_v \_n Xs \mYs\ hnfnp {]mnp: \nbw Fs
ZpcnXw _m[n-n-cn-p-p, \o IcpW sNp--h-cn Ghpw \mbn IcpW sNp--h\tm (An-bmAv: 83-). Atm kzmZv: 42-44 hsc-bp kq--fn-eqsS Amlp
Dcw \In (An-bm-Av: 84 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
Pnv ssizmm a\p-jy-ssizm-m-cmb ap\m-^n-Jp-I aptJ\ apl-Zv \_nv
amcWw sNp-Ibpw AtXp-Ibpw sNbvXn-p-v. hnizm-kn-Iv amcWw Gm-Xncn-p--Xn-\p-thnbp acp-v aplZv \_n-bn-eqsS Cd-p--Xn\pthnbmWv CXv
kw`-hnn--Xv. apA-n-Z-ssX-\n-bmb kqd-p-mkpw kqd-p êJpw Cdn-b-Xv amcW-n\nv c-s-Sm-\p acp-m-bn-m-Wv. Jp-B ]qn-bmb tij-ap- aplZv \_n (-k)bpsSPohnXw ]n]p-- hnizm-kn-Iv Hcn-epw amcWw ên-p-Ibn.
A_-Jd (2)
155
\_n (k) kp_vlv, aKvcn_v \a-kvIm-c-ptijhpw, Dd-m InS-p-tm

hncn-nshpw aqp {]mh-iyw hoX-hpw, asm \a-kvIm-c-ptijw Hmtcm {]mhiyw hoXhpw Znh-k-n Npcp-n-bXv ]{v {]mhiyw CJvemkpw apA-n-Z-ss\nbpw HmXm-dp-m-bn-cp-p. ]pdsa kp_vln, aKvcn_v \a-kvImcptijw
Am-lp-hns ]q-amb Ien-ampsImv (Jp-B\ns samw BibwsImv)
Ah krjvSn-n-p Fm Xnsbsmpw Rm Ah-\n A`bw tXSpp Fpw
{]mn-n-cp-p. ]d-mepw FgpXnbmepw Xocm Jp-B\ns dq-lm-Wv (Jp-B\ns A-hpw, Bmhpw tN hymJym-\w) ChnsS Ien-amv (I-lv^v: 109, epJvam:
27).
Am-lp-hns kvac-W-tbm-Sp-IqSn BIm-i--fntem `qan-bntem Fhn-sS-shpw Hcm]pw kw`-hn-p-I-bn-, AmlphmIs Fmw tIp--h\pw Adnbph-\p-a-tm.
hnizm-kn-I \S---fnepw Ccp---fnepw InS-p-I-fnepw Fm-bvtmgpw Am-lp-hns\
kvacn-p--hcpw, (B-en-Cw-dm: 190-191, An-km-Av: 103) Am-lp-hn-\p-thn am{Xw
Pohn-p Ahs {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fp-am-Wv.
ap\m-^n-Jp-Isf Amlp sImp-I-f--Xn-\m Ahv amc-W-tam ]co--Wtam
Gp-I-bn-. adnbw: 83 Im^n-dp-Iv Ah-cpsS Imcy- icn-s-Sp-n-sIm-Spm ssizms\ \ntbm-Kn-n-p-sp ]d-n-cn-p-p. apPm-Zne: 10, \n-b-ambpw
KqVm-tem-N\ ]nim-Nn \np--Xm-Wvhnizm-kn-Isf AXpap-tJ\ Zp:Jnn-p--Xn\v
thn. Fm Am-lp-hns thp-I-bn-msX Ahsc HcpXc-nepw _pn-ap-nm Ahv Ign-bp-I-bn-. Atm hnizm-kn-I ]nim-Nn-sbpw DS-a-bmb Fmw
AS-n-`-cnp Am-lp-hn-emWv `c-ta]n-t--Xv (AAvdm^v: 201-202 Iqn-hm-bn-pI). \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-pv: ad--Im-cy- Adn-bWsav IcpXn ]ptcm-ln-Xamsc-tbm, ]nim-Nns GPpam-cmb a\p-jy-]n-im-Np--sftbm (Ckvans ]Wn-m,
Xm, tPymym, lkvX-tc-J-m, `mhn {]h-N-\m XpS-n-b-h) kao-]n-pI-bpw, Ah ]d-bp-Xv k{iw tIp-I-bpw, Ah ]d-bp--X-\p-k-cnv {]hnp-Ibpw sNp--h apl--Zn\v Xs \mY-\n\nv Cd--s--Xn hniz-kn-n-n-.
Npcp--n Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n\nv AI-p-t]mb Hcp P\-X-bmWv amc-Ww,
a{w XpS-nb ss]im-Nn-I-amb hnizm-k--fn AI-s-Sp-I-bpw, a\p-jy-]n-im-Np--fmb
ap\m-^n-Jp-I-fpsS Nqj-W-n\v hnt[-b-am-hp-Ibpw sNp-I. Cl-]c PohnXw \-s-Sp-h-cpw Ah Xs-bm-Wv. ^mnl: 4,7 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
103. \nbw Ah hniz-kn-p-Ibpw kqvaX ]men-p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-psh-n Am-lp-hn-\nv Ahv e`n-p {]Xn-êw Xsbm-bncpp
Ghpw D-awAh Adnhp-h-cm-bncp-s-n.
104. tl hnizm-kn-Itf! \n "dmC\m' Fp-]db-cpXv, \n "Dfzp\m'
Fp]dbpIbpw {in-p-tIp-Ibpw sNpI. Im^n-dp-Iv thZ-\mP-\-I-amb inbmWpXv.
dmC\ F ]Z-n\v Rsf t\mp-I, Rsf ]cn-K-Wn-pI Fsms
156
JpB\ns Bmhv
Bi-b-ap-s-nepw ]cp-j-kz-`m-h-m-c, tO, hnUvVn Fsms Zzbm--fp-apv. \_n (-k)-bpsS kZ-n Jp-B A[ym-]-\- tImthn hn-cp
blq-Zn-Ifpw ap\m-^n-Jp-Ifpw Zzbm Bi-b-n Cu ]Zw [mcm-f-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-ncp-p. "dmCu\m' Fp \on--d-m "R-fpsS Bn-Sbm' Fpw Aapv. AXpsImv Amlp hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv Dfzp\ F Zzbm-an-m ]Zw D]-tbm-Kn-W-sapw {in-p- tI-W-sapw In-p-p. Cu Iev\ hXn\ptijw hopw
AXv D]-tbm-Kn-p--h Im^n-dp-Ifpw thZ-\m-P-\-I-amb inbvv Al-cp-am-Wv. Cv
ap\m-^n-Jp-IfmWv Ccw {]tbm-K--fneqsS Am-lp-hns tIm]-n\pw im]-n\pw
Cc-bm-bn-p--h. An-km-Av: 46epw Cmcyw ]d-bp-p-v.
A-Km-_p: 16, A-mlp ]d-bp-p: Atm \n Am-lp-hns\ Ign-bp{X kqn-p-I, Jp-B {inp tIp-Ibpw Ahs\ A\p-kcnp-Ibpw \nfpsS
Kp-W-n\p-thn sNe-h-gn-p-Ibpw sNp-I. BcmtWm \^vkns IpSpn\nv Hgnhm-b-Xv, Ah am{X-am-Ip-p hnP-bw hcn-ph. 17, \n-fn Bscnepw Amlp-hn\v \\nev ISw sImSp-p-I-bm-sW-n AXh\v Cc-n-bmbn hn-n-p-sIm-Spp-Ib
- pw, Ah-cpsS ]m]- s]mdp-p-sIm-Sp-p-Ibpw sNp-sapw ]d-np-v. apIv:
10, Jp-B Inn-bnv aqSn-sh Im^n-dp-Isf \c-I-n-tev hen-s-dn-b-s-Sp-tm
R Jp-B\ns Bibw tIn-cp-s-n, As-n _pn-bp-]-tbm-Knp Nnn-ncp-s-n Cu In-bm-fp \c-I-ns kl-hm-kn-I-fm-Ip-am-bn-cp-n--tm Fp-]-dbp cwKw ap-dn-bnv \In-bn-pv. _Jd: 286, {]hm-N-I\pw hnizm-kn-Ifpw R
tIp, A\p-k-cnp Fp-]-d-bp--h-cm-sWpw ]d-n-p-v. _Jd: 67,18 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mpI.
105. \n-fpsS DS-a-bmb \mY-\n\nv \nsmcp \ (Jp-B) CdpXv thZ-ns Alvep-Im-cn\n-p \ntj-[n-Ifpw Am-lp-hn
]p-tNp-h
- cpw (_lp-ssZ-hm-cm-[I
- c
- pw) CsSp-n-. Am-lp-hm-Is
Ah Dt-in-p--hsc Ahs Imcp-Wy-n-\p-thn sXc-s-Sp-p-p.
Amlp al-mb HuZm-cy-ap-S-b-h-\pa-tm.
Av aZo-\bn PqX-ss{I-kvX-hcpw _lp-ssZ-hm-cm-[-IcpamWv Jp-B-\n-t\mSv
hntcm[w shp-]p-en-bn-cp--sX-n, Cv apkven-fn-se--s, Jp-B bYm
Bi-b-n-e-msX ]Tn-p-Ibpw ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNp I]-S-hn-izmknIfpw, Bibw
Xosc ]Tn--m ^mPn-dp-I-fp-amWv Jp-B-\n-t\mSpw hnizm-kn-I-tfmSpw hntcm[w ]pep-Xv. kq-n ]d Daw Impw A\p-{Klw sImpw, (HuZm-cyw) sImpw
Dt-in-p-Xv Jp-B Xs-bmWv. \_n (k) ]Tn-n-p: \n-fn Ghpw D-a
Jp-B ]Tn-p-Ibpw ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNp-h
- \
- m-Wv. \a-kvIm-c
e
- p \npw aSptm- CSXpImshv Cd-Wsapw, Am-lp-hns HuZmcyw tNmZn--W-sapw
\_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. Ben-Cw-dm: 74,174, A^m: 29, lZo-Zv: 21,29, ZpJm: 5,7,
PpapA: 4 XpS-nb kq--sfmw Ah-km-\n-p--Xv "Amlp al-mb HuZm-cy-apS-b-h-\tm' F Bi-b-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. _Jd: 64- hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
106. \mw Hcp kqs ambvpIf-bp-Itbm ad-npIf-bp-Itbm sNp-n-,
A_-Jd (2)
157
AXn-t\-m anI-tXm Xp-ey-am-btXmBb Hv ]Icw \In-bn-

- msX.
\nbw Amlp Fm Imcy-n\pw Ign-hp k-i
- \
- m-sWv \n\dn-bnt?
107. \nbw BIm-i-`q-an-I-fpsS B[n-]Xyw Am-lp-hn\v am{X-am-sWpw
\nv Ahs\qSmsX Hcp kwc--It\m klm-bntbm Cspw
\n\-dn-bnt?
BZyw apX Ah-km\whsc H {Kw am{Xta hn-p-p-shpw, AXv Jp-B\ns Bm-hmb AnIv Xs-bm-sWpw Jp-B-\n ]d-n-p-v. A-s\-bmsW n, Xudmpw CPoepw \ne-\nn-bm t]mtc, ]pXn-sbmcp {Kw (JpB) Bh-iy-aptm? Fv ]q-th-Z-m \_n(-k)-tbmSv tNmZn-n-cpp. BIm-i-`q-anI-fpsS cl-ky-ad
- n-bp Amlphn\mWv AXmXv Ime-L-
- n-te-p P\-p-th
\nba\nt-i- Adn-bpI. AXmXv Ime-L---fn h {K--sfmw AXmXv
Ime-L---fn-tev am{X-ap-XmWv. Fm Jp-B apv h Fm thZ-{K---fpsSbpw Bi-b-apsm-p-Xpw Ah-km-\-\mhscbp samw krnIpth
\nb-a-\nt-i- Dsm-p--Xp-am-Wv. Jp-B ]q{K--sf-sbmw kXy-sSp-p-Xpw Ahsb Imp-kq-n-p--Xp-am-Wv (am-CZ: 48). ABw: 156,157 Iqnhmbnp-I.
Jp-B-\n Xsbpw BZyw h Nne kq--fnse \nt-i- ]noSv h
kq-fneqsS t`Z-KXn hcp-p-Itbm ]cn-an-X-s-Sp-p-Itbm sNbvXn-p-v. DZm-l-cW-ambn ""\n-fn\n-p Hcmv acWw Bk--am-bm Ah kv hnt-pt]m-Ip-p-s-n, amXm-]n-Xm-pw IpSpw-_-n\nv ASp--hpw \ymb-amb
coXn-bn hkzn-v sN \nv \n_--amWv'' F _-Jd: 180-se Iev\,
kqd: An-km-C A\--cm-h-Im-i-\n-baw Ah-X-cn--tXmsS, A\--cm-h-Im-in-Iv
hkzn-v sNm ]mSn-s-pw, hkzn-v samw k-ns aqn-semt BImhq
Fpw ]cn-an-X-s-Sp-n. _-Jd: 219, An-km-Av: 43, amCZ: 90- Fo kq--fn-eqsS
Lw L-ambp- Iv \nm\hpw CXn-s\m-cp-Zm-l-c-W-am-Wv.
{XnIm-e
m-\n-bmb Am-lp-hn\nv k-tem-I
- pw ap-dn-bn-m-bn-smv
Ah-X-cn-n-n-p AXp-ey-amb Jp-B-\n, AXv t{ImUo-I-cn-p--Xn\p aptm t{ImUoI-cn--Xn\p-ti-jtam Bh-iy-an-m--sXmpw IS-p-Iq-Sp-I-bn-m-sbv ^pzn-ev: 41,
42- Amlp ]d-n-p-v. \nbw Amlp BIm-i-`q-an-I-fn-ep--sXmw Adn-bp-pshpw, AsXmw Hcp {K-n tcJ-s-Sp-n-bn-p--Xm-sWpw, AXv Am-lphn\v hfsc Ffp--ap-- Imcyam-sWpw \n\--dn-bnt {]hm-NIm Fv lv: 70
Amlp tNmZn-p-p.
lv: 52-, \mw \n\papv Hcp {]hm-N-I-s\tbm \_n-sbtbm Ab-n-n-,
Atlw Fs-nepw ]d-bm-\p-t-in-ptm ]nimNv AXn CS-s]-n--m-sX. Atm
ssiz Cp-sIm-Sp-Xv ambvpIf-bp-I-bpw, Amlp Xs hN-\-sf Fm ssIIS-e
- p-If
- n\npw Hgn-hmn XXz-\n`-ca
- m-p-Ibpw sNp-p. Amlp Fmdn-bph\pw
bpn--\p-atm Fp-]-d-n-p-v. lqZv: 6, Xu_: 51, bq\pkv: 61, ^mXzn: 11, lZo-
158
JpB\ns Bmhv
Zv: 22, XKm-_p: 11, k_-Av: 3 XpS-nb kq--fn-semw BIm-i-`q-an-I-fntem a\p-jycn Xstbm Amlp t\cs tcJ-s-Sp-m bmsXmpw kw`-hn-p-n-sv
]d-bp-p. {]hm-N-I\pw hnizm-kn-Ipw Amlp am{X-amWv kwc--I\pw klm-bnbpw. I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ipw ^mPn-dp-Ipw ]nim-NmWv kwc--I\pw klm-bn-bpw.
]nim-N-S--ap k-N-cm-N-c--fp-sSbpw DS-a-bmb Amlp t]msctbm Ahs ASnav kwc--I\pw klm-bn-bp-ambnsmv? Fv kpa: 36 tNmZn-p-p. Atm
hnizm-kn-I Am-lp-hns\ am{Xw B{i-bnp Pohn-p--h-cm-Wv. BZw \_n-bpsS aI\m-bn-mWv `qan-bn sImp-h--sX-n F-s\-bmtWm Pohn-p-I (H-cm-sfbpw B{ibn-m-\n-msX hnim-e-amb `qan-bn X\n-v F-s\-bmtWm Pohn--Xv) AXpt]mse
Fm-epw Am-lp-hns\ am{Xw B{i-bnp Pohn-p--h am{Xta hnizm-kn-I-fm-hp-Ibp-q. Atm am{X-amWv Am-lp-hns\ ]cm-{ib cln-X\mb ]cn-]q Bbn
AwKoI-cn-p-Xv. (kqd: CJvemkzv Bibw t\mp-I). ^mnl: 4, _Jd: 98,102 hniZo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
108. AX-, apv aqkmtbmSv tNmZn--s--Xp-t]mse \n-fpsS {]hm-N-I-t\mSv
\nfpw tNmZn-m Dt-in-p-I-bmtWm? Atm hnizm-k-n-\p-]-Icw
\ntj-[s kzoIcnp-h t\amK-n\nv hyXn-N-en--hcmbn
gnp.
aqkm-tbmSv A\p-bm-bn-I Rv Am-lp-hns\ t\cn ImWn-p-X-c-W-sav
Bh-iy-s--Xv, ]ip-hns\ Adp-m In k`-n B ]ip-hns \ndw, {]mbw
XpSn ]e tNmZy-fpw tNmZn-Xv, abpw khmbpw `-W-ambn \In-b-tm
AXn kwXr-]vX-cm-hmsX Dn, I-cn-, ]--dn-I Fo `-W-hn-`-h- thWsa-m-h-iy-s-Xv XpSnbhsbmw CXn-\p-Zm-l-c-W--fm-Wv. CXp-t]mse Ah-cpsS
]nKm-an-I-fmb \_n(-k)-bpsS Imes aZo-\bn-ep PqX-mcpw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw
]e tNmZy-fpw tNmZn-n-cp-p. aqkmv \In-b-Xp-t]mse Hcp {K-am-bnv Jp-B
\Ip-I, BIm-i-p-\nv Xo Cd-n-hv Icn-p-I-f-bp _en-Iw \S-pI XpSnb Bh-iy--fpap--bn-n-cp-p. AXp-sIm-v amCZ: 101- hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv Amlp
In-p-p. \nv shfn-hm-n-bm \nsf ZpxJn-n-p-Xpw \n-ln-m
{]bm-k-I-c-hp-amb Imcy- Jp-B Cd-n-sm-n-cn-p-tm tNmZn--cp-Xv. ]e
Imcy-fpw Amlp \nv shfn-hm-msX hnSpXn sNbvXn-cn--bm-Wv. DZm-l-c-Wambn ln-s\-p-dn-p kqw Cd-n-b-tm Fm hjhpw lv \n_--amtWm
Fv A\p-bm-bn-I-fn Nne tNmZnp. Atm-gmWv {]kvXpX kqw Cd-n-b-Xv (amCZ: 60,61 Iqn-hm-bn-pI).
Cv Cu kz`mhw {]I-Sn-n-p-Xv apkvenfnse hnizmknI-f-m--h-cm-Wv. BZw
apX Ay-\mhsc-bp H kwLw am{Xta kzKn-te-p-q Fpw CX-c-kwL-S-\-I-sfmw apivcn-p-Ifpw ]nim-Nns kwL-hp-am-Wv Fpw hnizm-kn-I Jp-B
kq- D-cnv ]d-bp-tm AXv kzoI-cn-m apkven-fm-Wv Cu kz`m-h-m.
Ah Cuam-\n\p ]Icw \ntj[w kzoI-cn--hcpw bYm hgn-bn\nv ]ng-p-t]m-bh-cp-am-Wv. amCZ: 12,60,77, Jkz-kv: 22, apwX-ln\: 1 XpS-nb kq--sfmw kzKnte-p GI-h-gnsb ]cm-ainp-sIm-mWv Ah-km-\n-p--Xv. kzKn-te-p
A_-Jd (2)
159
Cu GIhgn-bmWv BZw apX Ay-\mhsc-bp a\p-jy-cn Am-lp-hns kwLamb (ap-Pm-Zn-e: 22) hnizm-kn-I-fpsS amKw. samw Jp-B\ns Bi-b-amb Cu hgnb-m Fm-h-gn-Ifpw (1000 999 hgn-I-fpw) \c-I-n-te-p--Xm-Wv. Ah-sc-m-hcpw
apPm-Zne: 19 ]d ]nim-Nns kwL-hp-amWvv. ^mnl: 5-7, _Jd: 41-44 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mpI.
109. \n hnizm-kn-I-fm-b-Xn-\p-tijw \nsf \ntj-[-n-\p-ta \ntj-[n-tev Xncn-p-sIm-p-t]m-Im km[n-n-cp-s-n F-mWv thZmcn
A[n-Ihpw B{K-ln-p--Xv, kXyw Ahv sXfnpIgn-npw AhcpsS kzw a\-nse Akqb \nan--amWXv. Amlp Ahs Xocpam\w sImp-hcp- Xp-hsc \n hnp-hogvN sNp-Ibpw Imn-cn-pIbpw sNp-I. \nbw Amlp FmImcy-n\pw Ign-hp k-i-\-tm.
Av thZ-mcmb PqX-ss{I-kvX-h hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv ImWn-n-cp Cu kz`mhw,
Cv hnizm-kn-If-m apkvenmWp-Xv. Jp-B-\ns BibanmsX hnizmkn-bm-hp-I-bn-, kzK-n t]mhp-I-bpan, Jp-B apdpsInSnv Fm apkvenw kwLS-\-Ifpw sFIy-s-SWw, `nn--cpXv (BenCwdm: 103) Fv Ah-tcmSv ]d-bp-tm
AXv kzoI-cn-msX Ah-cpsS hnizm-k-n-tepw a\p-jy-\nn-X-amb ^nJzvlv {K-fn-tepw, aZvl-_p-I-fn-tepw kwL-S-\-I-fn-te-p-amWv Ah hnizm-kn-Isf Xncn-psImp t]mIm {ian-p-Xv. Cukm-\_n hv Jp-B-\ns hn[n-hn-e-p-I \S-nem-p-Xphsc, apkvenw `qcn-]ns Hgp-ns]-SmsX Jp-B AW--p-]tbmKnv ISn-p-]n-Snv Imn-cn-m-\mWv hnizm-kn-Isf apl-Zv \_n(k) ]Tnnn-p--Xv.
(B-en-Cw-dm: 69,100, Xu_: 113,- Aqd: 14-15, _-n\: 4 Iqn-hm-bn-pI). _Jd: 75,105
110. \n \a-kvImcw \ne-\np-Ibpw kImv sImSpp-Ibpw sNpI.
\n kz-n\v Fv \ apIqn Hcp-n-sh-n-p-s-nepw Am-lphn-s-b-Sp AXv \n Isp-Xm-Wv. \nbw \n {]hnp-sXmw Amlp honp-p-v.
kImv sImSp-pI Fp-]dm, Fm-hn[ kwkvI-cW {]h-\-fpw
\S-n-em-pI Fm-Wv. Bm-hn-sbpw ico-c-n-sbpw [\-n-sbpw ipo-I-c-W{]-h-\- \S-pI-bmWv AXp-sIm-p-t-in-p--Xv (AAvem: 14 t\mpI).
Amlp-hns\ Xncn--dn-v, kzs Xncn--dn-v, Pohn-X-eyw a\-n-em-emWv
Bm-hns kImv. Btcm-Kyw bph-Xzw, tIhn, ImgvN, _pn-in XpSn Fm
A\p-{K-l-fpw Am-lp-hns amK-n hn\n-tbm-Kn--emWv ico-c-ns kIm-v.
Amlp \n-bn hnlnXw \In [\s ipo-I-cn--emWv [\-ns kIm-v.
Jp-B-\ns BibwsImv am{Xta Cu aqp-\n-e-p kwkvI-cW {]h-\-fpw
km[n-p-Ib
- p-q. AYhm Amlphns {]Xn-\n-[n-If
- mbn Pohn-p hnizm-kn-If
- n\nv
am{Xta
GXv {]hr-n-Ifpw kzoI-cn-p-I-bp-q. I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fn\nv \a-kvImctam, \n_--Zm-\-tam, sFn-I-Zm-\tam Hpw-Xs kzoI-cn-p-I-bn-sv Xu_: 53-54
kq--fn ]d-n-p-v. Amlp hon-p-n F \bn Am-lphns\ ad-
160
JpB\ns Bmhv
p-sImv Pohn-p I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fn\nv Hcp Ihpw kzoI-cn-p-I-bn-, Ah

ac-W-tm-Sp-IqSn \c-I-n A`bw Is-p--Xp-am-sWv Xu_: 55- ]d-n-pv. _Jd: 9495,99 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
111. blq-Zntbm {InkvXym-\ntbm BImsX Hcn-epw kzK-n {]th-in-pI-bn F-h ]d-bp-Ibpw sNp-p. AXv Ah-cpsS hymtaml am{Xam-Wv. ]dbpI: \n kXyw ]d-bp--h-cm-sW-n \n-fpsS sXfnhv
sImp-hcnI
kqd: Aw-ev: 64 Ah-km-\n-p--Xpw, Am-lp-hn-t\m-sSmw thsd Cem-lp-I-fpsv \n ]dbp-Xv kXy-am-sW-n, \n \n-fpsS sXfnhv sImp-h-cn-Imsb Bi-b-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. blq-Zn-bmImsX kzKn {]th-in-p-I-bn-sv
blq-Zn-Ifpw, {InkvXym-\n-IfmhmsX kzK-n {]th-in-p-I-bn-sv {InkvXym-\n-Ifpw
Av ]d-n-cp-p. Cu kq-ns "auC-fz-p lk-\v' A\pk-cnv Cv
apkven-fnse Hmtcm kwL-S-\-Ifpw Cu hnizmkw shp-]p-ep--h-cm-Wv. A-nkm-Av: 174 ]d _plm\pw (sX-fn-hv) \qdpw ({]Im-iw) Jp-B-\m-Wv. GsXm-cp-Imcy- n\pw {]am- W - a mbn Jp- B kqw thW- s av Cu kqw ]Tn- n- p- p.
apAvan\q: 117, BcmtWm Am-lp-hn-t\m-sSmw asmcp Cem-lns\ hnfnv {]mnp--Xv, AXn-\v Ah-s-b-Sp- bmsXmcp sXfn-hp-an-, \nbw Ah\v Ahs \mYs
ASp- AXn-s\pdnp hnNmcWbp-v. \nbw Ccw Im^n-dp-I hnPbwhcnp-I-bnXs. Jkz-kv: 75, Fm kap-Zm-b-n-\npw \mw Hmtcm kmn-Isf
sImp-h-cnIbpw, Ah-tcmSv \n-fpsS sXfn-hp-I \nc-p-I-sbv ]d-bp-Ibpw sNpw.
Atm Ah Adn-bpw, \nbw bmYmyw Am-lp-hn\p am{X-am-Ip-p. Jp-B\ns ASn-m-\-n-e-m--sXmw Ahscsmv hgn-am-dn-tmbn-cn-p-p.
An-bm-Av: 24-, \n Am-lp-hns\qSmsX thsd Cem-lp-Isf sXsc-sSp-n-cn-p-Ib
- m-tWm, Fn \n-fX
- n\v sXfnhv sImp-hc
- q. CXmWv F\npw F\np
apphpw Inn-bn-p A\p-kva-c-Ww. Fm Ah-cn A[n-I-t]cpw kXyw
Adn-bm--h-cpw, B kXys Ah-K-Wn-p--h-cp-am-Wv Fp-]-d-n-p-v. (bqkp-^v:
24, Jkz-kv: 32 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I)
112. A; B Xs apJs Am-lp-hn\v kan-p-Ibpw Am-lp-hns\
Ip-sImv Ncn-p-Ibpw sNp-pthm Ah\v Ahs {]Xn-êw Xs
dns ]-ep-v. AhcpsSta `b-s-Smt\m Ahv ZpxJn-mt\m CSh-cn-I-bn-.
Cu kq-n kzs Am-lp-hn\v kanpI FXn\p-]-Icw apJs
Am-lp-hn\v kanpI Fp-]-d--Xns hnh-, apJ-wsImmWv Fm-h-scbpw
Xncn--dn-bp-Xv F-Xn\mem-Wv. GXv aXhn`m-K-ns-h-\m-bmepw Am-lp-hn
PohmWw sNbvXp-sImv \S--fnepw Ccp--fnepw InS--fnepw Ahs\
am{Xw kvacn-p-sImv Pohn-p--hv kzK-n-te-p-Xs Xncn-p-t]m-Imw. {]IrXn
aXamb Ckveman aXw am-an, hnizm-k-amw am{XamWpXv F-Xn\v Cu kqhpw
Hcp sXfn-hm-Wv. _-Jd: 58,195,236, Ben-Cw-dm: 134,148, An-km-Av: 125, amCZ: 13,69,85,93,
A_-Jd (2)
161
A-Bw: 84, AAvdm^v: 56,161, Xu_: 91,120, lqZv: 115, bqkp-^v: 22,36,56,78,98, \lv: 128,
lv: 37,- J-kz-kv: 14, AI-_q-v: 69, epJvam: 3,25, kzm^m-v: 105,110,121,131, kpa: 3458, AlvJm-^v: 12, Am-cn-bm-v: 16, apkz-em-v: 44 Fo kq-fnsemw aplvkn\o-sf (A-m-lp-hns\ Ip-sImv N-cnp--h-sc) ]cmain-p-p-v. _-Jd: 62
hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
113. PqX-m ]d-bpp {InkvXym\nI Hntep-a
- . {InkvXym-\n-I ]d-bpp
PqX-m Hn-t-ep-a-, Ah-cm-Is Htc{Kw hmbn-p--h-cpam-Wv.- th-Z]-cn-m-\-an-m P\fpw A{]-Im-cap hmp-I ]d-n-p-v.
Atm Amlp Ah `nn-n-cp Imcy-n Ay-\m-fn AhnS-bn hn[n-IevnpXm-Wv.
PqXmcpw {InkvXym-\n-Ifpw Xudmpw Co-ep-a-S-nb ss__n- hmbn-p-Ibpw
]Tn-p-Ibpw sNp-p-s-n-cn-s, {InkvXym-\n-I t]mm-sWv PqX-m-cpw, PqXm t]mm-sWv {InkvXym-\n-Ifpw ]c-kv]cw Ip-s-Sp-n-bn-cp-p. A{]-Imcw Fm
Ime-pap thZ-]-cn-m-\-an-m P\-fpw sNbvXn-cp-p. Cv {Kw Jp-B-
am{Xam-Wv. Fm B {Kw AwKo-I-cn-p apkvenn-S-bnse hnhn[ kwL-S-\
I Hmtcm-cp-cpw ]c-kv]cw CXp-t]mse Ip-s-Sp-p--h-cm-Wv Fv ImWmw. Bib-an-msX Jp-B Aw ]Tn-n-p kwL-S-\-IXs ]ckv]cw C{]-Imcw Ips-Sp-p-Ibpw Im^ndm-p-Ibpw sNp-p-v. Jp-B-\ns Awt]mepw ]Tn-nmsX icocw am{Xw ]Tn-npI-bpw, Htc I-imkv{X {K- ]n]-pIbpw sNp
bmXm-nI kwL-S-\-Ifpw C{]-Imcw ]c-kv]cw ]gn-Nm-cppv. {K ns samw
Bi-b-n\nv AIv Pohn-X-eyw \-s--h-cm-b-XmWv CXn\p Imc-Ww.
P\- `nn-n-p hnj-b-n hn[n-Zn-hkw Jp-B A\p-k-cnv Amlp
hn[nIevn-p--Xm-Wv Fv kpa: 69,75 kq--fn ]d-n-p-v (^pJm: 30 t\m
pI). Ah `nn-n-p hnj-b-n hy-amb Xop-Iev]n-p--Xn\pthn-b-msX \mw \n\v Cu {Kw Ah-X-cn-n-n-n-. kXy-hn-izm-kn-I-fmb P\-Xv AXv
kamKhpw ImcpWy-hp-am-Wv Fv \lv: 64- ]-d-n-p-v. AXn-\m kXy-hn-izmkn-I Cl-nshv Xs Jp-B D]-tbm-Knv Ah-cpsS hn[n \n-bn-t-XmWv. Atm- am{XamWv Xpemkmbn Cd-nb (Aqd: 17, lZoZv: 25) JpBs\ D]tbm-K-s-Sp--p-h-cm-hp-I. P\- `nn-n-p hnj-b-n Ahn-S-bn Xocpam\w Iev]np--Xn-\pw, \nbw X Iw ]d-bp-h-cm-bn-cp-p Fv kXy-\n-tj[n-I Adn-bp--Xn\pw thn-bmWv hn[n-Zn-hkw \n-bnnp-sXv \lv: 39- -]d-n-p-v. kPZ: 25, \nbw Ah GtXXp Imcy-n-emtWm `nn-n-pXv B
hnjb-n \ns dv Xs hn[n-Zn-hkw Ahn-S-bn Xocp-am\w Ievn-p--XmWv Fpw, lv: 69-, \n `nn-n-p hnj-b-n hn[n-Zn-hkw Am-lp
\nn-S-bn Xocp-am\w Iev]n-p-sapw ]d-np-v. kpa: 46, Amlp \_ntbmSv {]mn-m ]d-bpp: Am-lp-th, BIm-i-`qan-I-sf hncn-n-p-mn-b-h-t\,
Hfn--Xpw, sXfn-Xpw Adn-bp- GI-t\, \nbw \ns ASn-a-I `nnnp
hnj-bfn \o Xocp-am-\w- Iev]n-p--Xm-Wv. A-m-lp-th, Ah `nn-n-p Imcy-fn \o Rsf Jp-BsImv Ghpw sNmmb amKn-tev hgn-\-S-t-W-
162
JpB\ns Bmhv
ta, \nbw \obmsX amKZi\w \Ip--h-\n- (bq\p-kv: 93, \lv: 124, lv: 17,
kpa: 3, Pmknb: 17 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 39 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
114. Am- l p- h ns `h- \ - fn (]n- I fn) Ahs \ma- kv a cnphs\ XS-bp-h
- s
- \-mfpw B `h-\
- sf \in-n-m-\p-t-in-p-sImv
Cd-n-n-cn--h-t\-mfpw Ghpw henb A{Ian BcmWv?. Aq- AhI-fn `b-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-msX {]th-in-p-I-bn-. Ahv Zp\nbm-hn
\ny-Xbpw ]c-n hnin-bp-am-Wp--Xv.
\nbw ]n-I-sfmw Am-lp-hns hoSp-I-fmWv, Atm Am-lp-hn-t\m-sSmw
am-scbpw \n hnfnp {]mn--cp-Xv (Pnv: 18). Fm Cv apkven-fnse
hnhn[ hn`mKw {]tXyIw {]tXyIw ]n-I-fp-mn bYm Ckvem-an\nv hyXnN-env Hmtcm aXw IWs `nn-n-cn-p-p. `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-fp-tStXm kwL-S-\-I-fptStXm A-m ]qambpw Am-lp-hns `h-\-amb ]n-I Cv temI-s-hnsSbpansv ImWmw. am apivcn-p-I-fpsS IAv_-bn-ep \a-kvIm-c-coXn ssIsImpw
Nqfw-hn-fn-bp-a-msX asm-p-a Fv A^m: 35- ]d-n-p-v. Cv apkvenfpsS ]n-I-fnepw Bpw hnfnbpa-msX ssZh-kva-cWtbm Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-nep \a-kvIm-ctam ap Itfm Hpan. adnv Ckveman\v hncp--amb NS-p-Ifpw
BNm-cm-\p-m-\
- f
- p-amWv \S-p-X
- v. {]-b AhcpsS s]mdp-e
- ns\ tXSt]mepw
ap-hsc tInp-sImv D-`m-jn-Wn-bn-eq-sS-bmn amn-bn-cn-p-p. AYhm
Ah-cpsS ]n-I DX sIn-S--fmbncn-pw, AhnsS lpZmJp-B B-ibwDm-hp-I-bn F \_n-h-N\w ]pen-cn--bm-Wv. Cm-c-W-m Cv hnizmkn-Iv `b-c-ln-X-cmbn ]n-I-fn {]th-in-m km[n-m Ah--bmWp-Xv.
Xu_: 1718 Amlp ]d-bp-p: Am-lp-hns A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i--fn ]ptNp--h, Ah \ntj-[-n-\p kmyw hln-p--h-cm-bn-cn-s, Am-lp-hns
`h-\
- fpsS ssIIm-cy-Im-f
- m-Im ]mSn-. Aq-c
- psS {]h-\
- s
- fmw \njvê-am-bn-cn-p-p, Ah \c-I-n imiz-X-cp-am-Wv. \nbw Am-lp-hns\smpw,
Ay-Zn-\ssmpw hniz-kn-p-Ibpw \a-kvImcw \ne-\np-Ibpw kwkvI-cW
{]h-\- sImphcn-Ibpw, Am-lp-hns\sbmgnsI am-scbpw `b-s-Sm-Xn-cn-pIbpw sNp--h-cmWv Am-lp-hns `h-\--fpsS ssIIm-cy-Im--fm-tI--Xv,
Atm Aq- kamK-n-em-tb-mw. lv: 40, Amlp P\--fn Nnesc
Nnescsmv XS-n-p-m-bn-cp-n-s-n Am-lp-hns \ma- [mcm-f-ambn kvacn-s-Sp k\ymkn aT--fpw, {InkvXob tZhm-e-b--fpw, blqZ tZhm-e-b--fpw, Amlp-hns kvacW \ne-\np apkvenw ]n-Ifpw XI-s-Sp-am-bn-cp-p. Amlp
Ahs\ klm-bn-p--hsc klm-bn-pI Xs sNpw. \nbw, Amlp AXn-i--\pw AP--\p-a-tm Fp-]-d-n-p-v. Fm a\p-jy-cpsS sFIyw CmXmp-Xn\pw, hnizm-kn-In-S-bn `nn-p-m-p--Xn-\pw \ntj[w ]c-p--Xn-\pw KqV-X{- sa\-bp--Xn\pwthn \nn-n-p ]n-I-fn `P-\-an-cn-mt\m \a-kvI-cnm-t\m {]th-in-mt\m ]mSn. AXp s]mfnp If-b-W-sa-mWv Xu_: 107-108
Ievn-n-p--Xv. _Jd: 85- hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I.
A_-Jd (2)
163
115. Ingpw ]Sn-m-dp-samw Am-lp-hn-\p--Xm-Wv. \n Fhn-tSv Xncnmepw AhnsS Am-lp-hns apJ-ap-v (km-ao-]y-ap-v). \nbw Amlp
k-hym-]n-bmb k\mIpp.
_-Jd: 177 Bcw-`n-pXv \n-fpsS apJw Ing-tmtm ]Sn-m-tdmtm Xncn-p-Xn-e ]pWyw Fp ]d-p-sIm-m-Wv. Jzn_ve am-s AwKo-I-cn-m hnk-Xn ap\m-^n-Jp-Ipw thZ-mpap adp-]-Sn-bm-Wn-Xv. Fm ]n-I (Amlp-hns `h-\-) kmKn\nv hyXn-N-en--Xm-sW-n \a-kvI-cn-m AhnsS
t]mIcp-sXpw, kzw -ho-n-shpw `qan-bn as-hn-sS-shpw AXv \n-ln-msapw
Ay-\mh-sc-bp hnizm-kn-Isf ]Tnnp-I-bp-amWv Cu kqw sNp--Xv. ""Fs
D-n\v J_-dn-S-fpw ae-aq{X hnk\w \S-p e--fp-sam-gn-sI `qan apgph\pw ]n-bmWv'' Fv \_n(-k) ]Tn-nnpap-v. \n FhnsS, Ftm, GXh-bn-em-sW-nepw icn, Ah \n-tfm-sSm--ap-v (lZo-Zv: 4, apPm-Zne: 7 ). _Jd: 107
116. Ah ]d-bp-Ibpw sNpp: Amlp km-\s kzoI-cn-n-cn-pp.
(Ah-cpsS Btcm-]-W--fn\n-s-mw) Amlp AXo-X\pw ]cn-ip--\p-as{X. A, BIm-i-fnepw `qan-bnepap -Fmw Ah-\p--XmWv, Fm
Hpw Ah\v Iogvh-W-p--h-bm-Wv.
Dssk Am-lp-hns ]p{X-\m-sWv blq-Zn-I-fpw, akolv (Cuk) Am-lp-hns
]p{X-\m-sWv {InkvXym-\n-Ifpw ]d-bpXmbn Xu_: 30- ]d-n-p-v. aepI
Am-lp-hns s]a-f
- pw (kpKvdp^v: 17-19) Pnp-I Ba-f
- p(ABw: 100-)amsWv
am apivcn-p-I P]nn-cp--Xmbn Jp-B ]d-bp-p. BIm-i-fnepw `qanbnepw
Ah-n-Sbn-epap khkvXp-fpw Am-lp-hn-p-Xpw Ah\v ASna-sSp--hbp-amWv. "akotlm' Amlphns kao-]--cmb ae-p-Itfm Ahs ASn-a-bm-Ip--Xn
Ipd-n ImWp-n- Fv An-km-Av: 172 ]d-n-p-v. (kq-d: CJvemkv Iqn-hm-bn
p-I)
adnbw: 92, Hcp km-\s sXsc-s-Sp-p-I-sb-Xv ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I\v tbmPn-X-s-pw, 93, BIm-i-`q-an-I-fn-ep HpwXs ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-Is ASn-a-bm-bn-msX hcp-n-spw, Adqw: 26, BIm-i-`q-an-I-fn-ep--sXmw Ah-\p--Xm-sWpw,
Fmw Ah\p IogvhW-p--Xm-sWpw ]d-bp-p. (_Jd: 238, BenCw-dm: 17,
Alvkm-_v: 35, Xlvcow: 12 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 3233 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
117. BIm-i--sfbpw `qan-sbbpw (Cm-bva-bn\nv) ]pXp-Xmbn krn--h,
Ah-s\mcp Imcyw Xocp-am-\n-m \nbw, Ah AXn-t\mSv "DmhpI'Fv ]d-b-embn. Atm AXv Dm-bn-gn-p.
A-Bw: 101-mw kqhpw CXp-t]mse "Ckvap AAvfamb' BIm-i-`q-an-Isf
Cm-bva-bn\npw ]pXp-Xmbn krjvSn--h-s\ Bi-b-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bmWv XpS-p--Xv.
(B-en-Cw-dm: 47,59, A-Bw: 73, \lv: 40, adn-bw: 35, An-bm-Av: 30, bmko: 82,
apAvan: 68 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 29- hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I
164
JpB\ns Bmhv
118. hnh-c-an-m--h tNmZn-pp: Fp-sIm-mWv Amlp \tmSv kwkmcnm--Xv, As-n \ap-mbn Hcp Zrmw sImp-h-cm--Xv? A{]Imcw Ch tNmZn-Xpt]mep tNmZy- Chpapp--hcpw tNmZnn
pv. Ah-cpsS lrZ-b- kmZriy-am-bn-cn-p-p. \nbw ZrV-t_m-[yap P\-v kq- \mw hy-am-n-bn-p-v.
BcmWv Am-lp? BcmWv {]hm-N-I? BcmWv a\p-jy? FmWv Bm-hv?
FmWv Ahs ico-cw? Fhn-sS-bmWv Ah krn--s-Xv? Fhn-sS-bmWv BZys
P\-\w? Fhn-sS-bmWv cm-as ac-Ww? FmWv Pohn-X-eyw? FmWv Jp-B?
Fn-\mWv Jp-B? FpsImv Jp-B D]-tbm-Kn-Ww? FmWv kzKw? BcmWv
kzK-n-tev t]mhpI? FmWv \cIw? BcmWv \cI-n-tev t]mhpI? XpSnb
hnh-c- lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn-ep Jp-B-\n-s Bibn\nv (A-n-Iv-bmko: 69) Adn-bm--h-cmWv Ccw tNmZy- tNmZn-p-I. Jp-B-\ns Bibw ]Tnm-\-h-kcw Dm-bnpw ]Tn-m {ian-m--h-cmWv Im^ndpw fzmen-apw. Jp-B-\ns
Bi-b-a-dn-bp hnizm-kn-Iv Cu {Kw Ghpw henb ZrmamWv (AI-_qv:
47-51 t\mp-I) Ankm-Av: 153, Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-I aqkmtbmSv Rv
Am-lphns\ t\cn ImW-W-sav Bh-iysXmbn ]d-bpp. Rsmcp
ZrjvSmw sImp-h-m R-f-Xn hniz-kn-pIXs sNp-sap Ah \_ntbmSv ]d--tm, \nbw ZrjvSm---sfmw Am-lp-hns ]-em-Ip-p. hnizmkn-Itf, B ZrjvSmw hmepw Ah hniz-kn-p-I-bn- Fv F-s\-bmWv Rm
\nsf a\-n-em-n--cn-I (A-Bw: 109). A-Bw: 111, ae-p-Isf \mw Ch-cntev Cd-nbmepw, acn--h Fgp-tphv Ch-tcmSv kwkm-cn-mepw `qtem-I-p
apgp-h hkvXp-fpw Ah-cpsS apn lmP-cm--s-mepw Am-lp Dt-in-msX Ah
hnizm-kn-I-fmIpambn-cpn-. ]t Ah-cn A[n-I-t]cpw Ahn-th-In-I-fm-Ip-p.
^pJm: 21-23 Amlp ]d-bpp: \map-ambn Ip-ap--W-sav {]Xo-n-m--h
]d-bp-p: \p-sS-ta FmWv ae-p-I Cd--s-Sm-Xv? As-n \psS \mYs\
t\cn ImWm--sXv?. Ah kz-tmSv Al-mcw \Sn-p--h-cpw, krn-I-sf
]cn[n ewLn-p-sImv [nm-cn-I-fm-bn-o-h-cp-amIp-p. ae-p-Isf ImWp -Zn\w
Ahv ktm-j-I-c-am-bn-cn-p-I-bn-. A-h ]dbpw: ae-p-Ipw Rp-an-Sbn ImWmsmcp ad-bp-m-bn-cn-s Fv. Ah-cpsS {]h-\- apnshv
sImSp-p-Ibpw AsXmw Imn Nnn-n-X-dn--d-p [qfn-I-fmn amp-Ibpw sNp-Xm-Wv. _Jd: 15,4546,99 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
119. \nbw \ns \mw Ab-n-p-Xv lJv (Jp-B) sImv ktm-jh
- m
Adn-bn-p--h\pw ap-dn-bnp \Ip--h-\p-am-bnmWv. \c-I-hm-kn-I-sfp-dnv \o tNmZn-s-Sp-I-bn.
\_n(k)v Hcm-sfbpw kmK-n-em-mt\m ZpamK-n-emmt\m km[y-a-.
am-CZ: 99 Amlp ]d-bp-p: {]hm-N-Is _m[yX kt-i-sa-n-p-sIm-Sp- am{Xam-Wv (amCZ: 67 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Jp-B-\ns PohnXw P\--fn kmy-s-Spn B
PohnXw ]n]-p--hv ip`-hmbpw, AX-m--hv XmoXpw \Ip--h-\m-bnmWv \_nsb \ntbm-Kn-n-p--Xv. \c-I-n Fp-sImv C{X-bm-fp-I {]th-in-n--
A_-Jd (2)
165
sp Fv \_n-tbmSv tNmZn-p-I-bp-an-. kmKw Hmtcm-cp-cpw Am-lp-hn-t\mSv

tNmZnphmp-I-Xs thWw (C-{_mlnw:1). \c-I-ssXmv Ah-c-hXs Ahsc
ImpIbpw thWw. (_Jd: 272, BenCwdm:185, Ckvdm-Av: 13-15, Jkz-kv: 56 Iqn-hm-bn
p-I).
120. PqXtcm ss{IkvX-htcm, \o Ah-cpsS hnizm-khpw PohnX amKhpw ]n]p--Xp-hsc \ns Xr]vXn-s-Sp-I-bn--X-s. \o ]dbpI: \nbw Amlp-hns kmKw (Jp-B), AXv am{XamWv kmKw. \n\v Adnhv
hp-In-n-b-Xn-\p-tijw \o Ah-cpsS Cm-\n-- ]n]-pIbm-sW-n
Am-lp-hn\nv \n\v Hcp c-It\m Hcp klm-bntbm Dm-hp-Ibpan.
Av \_n(-k)-bpsS apn-ep thZ-mcpsS kao-]\w CXm-bn-cp-sn Cv
Jp-B-\ns\ apdpsInSnv Pohn--Wsap ]d-bpIbpw Bbn-c-n Hv kzKn-tepw 999 \c-I-n-te-p-amWv Fv \_n (-k) ]Tn-nImcyw DWp-Ibpw sNp
hnizm-knItfmSv ap apkven- shp-]p-ep kao-]-\hpw CXp-X-s-bmWv. JpB-\ns Bi-b-n\nv Cu hnhcw hp-In-n-b-Xn-\p-tijw tZtl--sbtbm `qcn-]-ns hgntbm ]n]-n-bm ]c-tem-I
- n Fmw \-s-h
- c
- m-bn-o-cp-sav hnizmkn-Isf Cu kqw XmoXv \Ip-Ibpw sNp-p. (ABw: 116, Ckvdm-Av: 7375 Iqnhm-bn-pI). \o ]dbpI: \nbw Am-lphns kmKw (Jp-B), AXv am{XamWv
kmKw Fv ABw: 71-epw, \nbw kamKw AXv Amlp-hn \np--Xv
am{Xam-Ip-p Fv Ben-Cw-dm: 73-epw ]d-bp-p.
Jn_ve amspdnv ]d--tijw _Jd: 145 Amlp ]d-bp-p: \n\v
Adnhp hp-In-n-b-Xn-\p-tijw \osbm\pw Ah-cpsS Cm-\n-jvS- ]n]-p-I-bmsW-n, \nbw \o A{I-an-I-fn s]-h Xs-bm-bn-cnpw. amCZ: 49, Amlp
Cd-n-bXpsImv Ahn-S-bn hn[n-In-pI, \o Ah-cpsS Cjm-\n-jvS- ]n]-cp-Xv, Amlp Ah-X-cn-n NneXn \ns Ah \mi-n-e-I-s-Sp-pXv kqnp-Ibpw sNp-I. Ah ]nn-cn-bp-I-bm-sW-n \o Adn-n-cn-p-I, Ah-cpsS Ip-IrXy--fpsS êw Ahsc _m[n-n-m Amlp Dt-in-n-cn--bm-Wv. P\--fn A[nI-t]cpw sXm-SnI Xs-bm-Wv Fp-]-d-n-p-v. bq\p-kv: 15-16 Amlp ]dbpp: \psS kphy--amb kq- Ahv Bi-b-tm-Sp-IqSn hnh-cnp-sIm-Spm, \s Ip-ap-p-sap {]Xon-m P\w ]d-bp-p: CX-m thsdmcp JpB sImp-h-cn-I, As-n CXn Nne t`-Z-K-Xn-I hcpp-I. {]hm-NItc AhtcmSp ]d-bp-I: CXv Fn \np--X-m--Xn-\m Fs hI-bmbn AXn Fsnepw am-n-cp--ep-I hcpm F\np km[y-a-. \nbw Rm, F\nv e`np Znhy-t_m-[-\-sfbmsX ]n]-ph-\-. \nbw Rm, Fs \mY-t\mSp
[nmcw ImWn-p-I-bm-sW-n Hcp \mfnse `b--c-amb insb `b-s-Sp-p. {]hmN-Itc ]d-bp-I: Amlp Dt-in-n-cp-s-n Cu Jp-B Rm \nv hniZoIcnp X
- c
- p-am-bn-cp-n-, CXns\ kw_-np \nsf Adn-bn-p-Ib
- p-an-m-bn-cp-p. Atm
CXn\papv Rm Iptd sIm \n-fn Ign-p-Iq-n-bn-p--tm, Atm \n
_pn-bp-]-tbm-Knp Nnn-p-n-tbm? (AB: 150, dAvZv: 37, Ilv^v: 28, kzmZv: 26,
Aqd: 15, Pmknb: 18 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). ^mnl: 5, _Jd: 2,38- hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
166
JpB\ns Bmhv
121. BmtWm \mw {Kw \In-bXv AX-h Xnem-hv sNt--hn[w

Xnem-hv sNp-h-cm-Wv. Aq- AXn hniz-kn-p--h-cp-am-Wv.
BcmtWm AXns\ aqSn-sh--XvAtm Aq- Xs-bmWv Fmw \s--h.
ap\m-^n-Jq: 9 hnizm-kn-Isf hnfnv Amlp ]d-bp-p: Hm hnizm-kn-I-tf,
\nfpsS k-p-Itfm km-\-tfm Jp-B-\ns Bibssmv \nsf XSbm-Xn-cn--s. Bscnepw As\ {]hn-m, Atm Aq Xs-bmWv
Fmw \jvSs- h. Aq-X-s-bmWv Fmw \-s--hsc Bi-b-n Ahkm-\n-p aqmas kqw AAv-dm^v: 178 BWv. {Kw \I-s--h Av PqXss{I-kvX-h-cm Wv. Ah-cpsS {K-n\nv Jp-Bs\pdnv a\-n-em-p-Ibpw JpB ]n]n Pohn-p-Ibpw thWw. Cv {Kw Jp-B am{X-am-Wv. AXv e`n--h
AXv Xnem-hv sNt--hn[w Xnem-hv sNp-Ibpw thWw. Jkzkv: 52-53 kq-fn, CXn-\papv {Kw \I-s--h-cp--tm, Ah B {Kn hniz-kn-p--hcpamWv, AhcpsSbSp- Jp-B Xnem-hv sNbvXm Ah ]dbpw: R- CXn
hniz-kn-n-cn-p-p, \nbw AXv R-fpsS \mY-\n\n-p kXyw Xs-bm-Wv,
R CXn\p-appw kkzw Am-lp-hn\v kan--h-cm-bn-cp-p Fp-]-d-n-p-v
(_-Jd: 44- hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI) Bsc-nepw Jp-B-\ns\ aqSn-sh-m Ah XsbmWv PohnXw \-s--h (kp-a: 63). (Jp-B-\ns hntcm-[- A\p-h-Z-\o-b-ambn
sImp-\-S-p--h Jp-B-sImv hniz-kn-n-n) Fv \_n(-k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v.
lqZv: 17, kwL--fn\nv B Jp-Bs\ aqSn-sh-m-epw, Atm \c-I-amWv
Ah-t\mSp hmKvZw sNbvXn-p--Xv, AXpsImv {]hm-N-I-tc, \o Jp-B\ns Imcyn kwi-bn--cp-Xv. \nbw AXv \ns \mY-\n\np kXyw (lJv) Xsbm-Wv, ]t P\--fn A[n-I-t]cpw hniz-kn-p--h-c- Fp-]-d-bp-p. AAvdm^v:
176, Jp-B kq--sf Xn--d-bp ]WvUn-X-s\bpw P\-Xsbbpw D]-{Z-hn-mepw
Cs-nepw amwhcm \mb-tbmSv D]-an-n-cn-p-p. 177, \psS kq-sf Ifhmn Xn--dbp Ccw P\-XbpsS D]a F{X \nIr-jvSw, Ah Ah-tcmSv XsbmWv A{Iaw {]h--n--sX-pw ]d-bp-p. (Xu_: 23-24, AI-_q-v: 4 Iqn-hm-bnp-I). _Jd: 39,99 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
122. Hm, Ckv d m- C u kXnItf, Fs A\p- { K- l - \n- f psSta
hjnXpw, \nbw \nsf Rm k-tem-I-cn t{ijvT-cm-n-bXpw
\n HmpI.
123. Hcmfpw asm-cmv bmsXmcp D]-Im-chpw sNm-, Bcn\npw {]mbnw kzoI- c n- sSm, B- c p- s Sbpw ip]mi D]- I m- c - s - S m- ,
Bcn\npw Hcp klmbhpw e`n-m Hcp\mfns\ \n kqnpIbpw sNp-hn.
{]hm-N-I-m-cpsS ]nXmhv F-dn-b-s-Sp C_vdmlnw \_n-bpsS cm-as ]p{X\mb Ckvlm-Jns aI bAv-Jq_v \_n-bpsS ]p{X-m-cmWv Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-I.
Ah ]nXm-a-l-m-cpsS amKn kXy-n-em-sWv DuwsImncpp. Atm
A_-Jd (2)
167
Ah-cpsS ]q-]n-Xm--fmb C_vdmlow, Ckvam-Cu, CkvlmJv XpS-n-b-h-cpsS PohnXNcy XpSp-h-cp kq--fn DWp-Ibpw, "Ah Ign-p-t]mb Hcp P\-XbmWv, Ahv Ah km-Zn-Xpw \nv \n km-Zn-XpamWp--Xv. AhcpsS
{]h-\--sf-p-dnv \n tNmZn--s-Sp-I-bn-' Fp-]-d-bp-Ibpw sNp-p (_Jd:
134,141). _Jd: 28,4748 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
124. C_vdm-loans\ At-l-ns \mY Nne hN-\-sImv ]co-n-Xpw
Hmt-Xm-Wv. Atm Atlw AsXmw ]qoI-cn-tm Amlp
]d-p: \nbw Rm \ns P\-v t\Xm-hmbn (amXr-Ibmbn)
\nbn-p-I-bm-Wv. C_vdmlow ]d-p: Fs k-Xn-I-fn\npw (\n-bn--Ww) Amlp ]dp: Fs DS-Sn A{I-an-Iv e`npIbn.
C_vdmlow, kz]n-Xmhv Bk-dn-s\bpw P\--sfbpw _nw_m-cm-[-\- shSnbpXn\pw
Am-lp-hns\ GI Cem-lmbn kzoI-cn-pXn\pwthn hnfn--tm, \wdq-Zns t\XrXz-n-ep `c-W-IqSw At-l-n\v Xop-WvTw Hcp-n. C_vdm-loans\ Npp-I-cn-m
B XoIp-WvU-n-tev Fdn-bm Ahv km[n-msX h-tm sXv D]-tbmKnv Ah At-ls AXn-tev Fdn-p. (Fs Imcyw t\mm Amlp Ghpw
aXn-bm-b-h-\mWv) Fp]d-p-sImv C_vdmlow sh{]mfw ImWn-msX kam-[m-\np. Atm Amlp C_vdm-lo-an\v Xobns\ XWppw kam-[m-\-hp-apXmn amn
(A-n-bm-Av: 6570, AI-_qv: 24 t\m-pI) hmIyw _m[n C_vdm-loan\v \nc-c-amb {]m-\-bpsS ê-ambn Ckvam-Cu-ens\ aI\mbn \In (C-_vdmlow: 39). B
aI-s\bpw `mcy- lmPdsbbpw Btcm-cp-an-m, sh-w-t]m-ep-an-m- IAv-_-n
sImp-t]mbn Xma-knnm Amlp Ievnp. In-ep-m-bn-cp shw Xopt]mbtm AXn\p-thn lmP-d k^-bnepw ah-bnepw ]e {]mhiyw Ib-dn-bn-d-n.
Ah-km\w Ipns Ime-Sn-bn\n-p-Xs "kwkw' F Ddh- s]mnsbm-gpIn. CkvamCu-en\v ]Xn-\mev hb-mbtm Amlp Ahs\ _en-bn-m Ievn-p. AXn\v
Atlw Xm-dm-btm, aIs\ _en-bd
- p-t-Xn-spw ]Icw Hcm-Sns\ \In-smv
Amlp B al-mb _en-Iw ]nm-e-p hnizm-kn-Iv Ncybmbn (kp-
v) Ievnp (kzm-^mv: 100-109, apwX-ln\: 4 t\m-p-I). _Jd: 40 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mpI.
125. B an-cs (I-A-_sb) \mw P\-v Hcp A`-b-m-\hpw, Hcp-an-ptN-cm-\p tI{hpamn-bXpw Hmt-Xm-Wv. C_vd
- mlow \n es
\n \a-kvIm-c--e-ambn kzoI-cnphn. C_vdm-loan-t\mSpw CkvamCu-eot\mSpw \mw Icm sNp-Ibpw sNbvXp. \nbw \n cp-t]cpw
Fs hoSns\ {]Z-nWw sNp--hpw `P-\-an-cn-p--hpw Ip\nbp--hpw kmmwKw {]W-an-p--hpw thn ipo-I-cnp shpI.
aJmap C_vdm-low:`qan-bnse BZys Bcm-[-\m-e-b-amWv abn-ep IAv-_.
AXv A\p-Kr-lo-Xhpw samw temIv kmK-hp-am-Wv. AXn hy-amb Zrmfpw aJmap C_vdm-loapap-v (BenCwdm: 96,97). C_vdmlnw (A) IA_ ]Sp-pbmthn Ib-dn-\n In\mWv aJmap C_vdmlow Fp]d-bp-X
- v. At-l
- ns
]mZ-kv]i-ta B Iv Cv IA-_-bpsS ASpv Hcp Im-Sn--qn kqn-p-sh-n-
168
JpB\ns Bmhv
pv. AXn-\-cnsI \a-kvI-cn--emWv ]pWyw, Fm Xnpw Xncpw ImcWw kuIcy-p-d-hm-sW-n ld-an Fhn-sS-shv \a-kvI-cn-mepw aXn. (lv: 26 Iqn-hm-bn-pI). _Jd: 41-43 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
126. C_vdm-low {]mn k`hpw HmtXmWv. Fs \mYm Cu \mSns\
\o imn-\n`-c-amtWta. Ah-cn\nv Am-lp-hn-s\-smpw Ay\m-fn-s\-smpw hniz-kn-hv (Fm-Xc
- w) ê-hK-f
- n\npw `nnt-Wta. Atm Amlp ]dp: Ahn-izm-kn-pw IpdpImew Rm
hn`-h- \Ipw. ]ns Ahs\ \c-I-in--bn-tev Xn-hn-Sp--Xp-am
WvF{X tami-s aS---ew.
kqw 124- , Fs km- \ - ] - c - - c - I pw t\Xr- m\w \I- W - s av
C_vdmlow Am-lp-hn-t\mSv Bh-iy-s--tm AXn\v adp-]-Sn-bmbn Ah-cn\n-p
A{I-an-Iv AXv _m[-I-asv Amlp ]dp. AX-\p-k-cnv ChnsS Cu kqn Am-lp-hnepw Ay-Zn-\-nepw hnizkn--hv Fm-hn[ ]g-hK-fpw \IW-sav C_vdmlnw {]mn--tm Amlp ]d-p: \ntj-[n-Ipw ss\an-jn-Iamb ùXn-I-Po-hn-X-n Fm hn[ kpJ-ku-I-cy-fpw \Ipw. ac-W-tijw Ahsc
\c-I-n-tev Xn-hn-Spw. k-mKhpw AXn-s t\Xr-Xz-hpw hnizm-kn-Iv am{Xta
\Ip-I-bp-q. Fm `-W-hn-`-h-fpw A[n-Im-c--fp-samw Ahn-izm-kn-Ipw
\Ipw. Am-lp-hn\v kaamscbpmn Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n\nv P\-sf
XS-bp \ntj-[n-I-tfmSv: \n Cu ùXn-I- Po-hnXw Bkz-Zn-p-I, Fm \n-bw,
\n-fpsS aSw \c-I-n-te-mWv Fv C_vdmlow: 30 \_n-tbmSv ]d-bm I]nnp-v. \ns \ntj-[w-sImv \o Ipd-p-Imew kpJn-p-I, \nbw \o \c-I-hm-kn-Ifn s]-h Xs-bmWv Fp]-d-bm kpa: 8epw ]d-n-p-v.
"aS--ew':Fm-hcpw hXv kzK-n\n-m-Wv. lpZbmb, Sn-mb JpB\ns Bibw D]-tbm-KsSpn Hmtcm-cp-pw kzKn-tev Xncn-p-t]m-Imhp-Xm-Wv. kXy-\n-tj-[n-I-fpsS \mSp-I-fn-ep Iqmw \ns hn-m-X-ncns, AXv
Ipd Imes hn`-h-am-Wv, ]ns Ah-cpsS aSw \c-I-ntem-WvF{X-tam-is sXmn-ep-I (Ben-C-wdm: 196-197). C_vdm-low: 35-37 Iqnhm-bn-p-I.
B-enCwdm: 162, A^m: 16, Xu_: 73, lv: 72, \q: 57, lZo-Zv: 15, apPm-Zne: 8,
XKm_p: 10, Xlvcow: 9, apIv: 6 XpS-nb kq-s
- fmw Ah-km-\n-p-X
- v, F{Xtamis aS--ew Fv -]-dpsImm-Wv. _Jd: 28 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
127. C_vdm-loapw Ckvam-Cuepw ]cn-ip an-c-ns (ASn-dbpsS) ta
`nn-I ]Sp-p-bn- {]mnXpw Hmt-XmWv. R-fpsS DS-abmb \mYm R-fn\nv \o kzoI-cn-m-epw. \nbw, \o Fmw tIp-h\pw Adn-bp--h-\pw Xsb-tm.
BZw-\-_n(-A)-bpsS Ime-p-X-s-bp `qan-bnse BZys Bcm-[-\m-e-b-amWv
IA-_. \qlv \_n(-A)-bp-sS- Ime-p sh--sm--n AXns ASn-d Hgnp `nn-I-sfmw \in-pt]mbn. B `nn-I ]Sp-p-bm C_vdmlow
A_-Jd (2)
169
\_ntbmSpw Ckvam-Cu \_n-tbmSpw Amlp Ievn-p-I-bm-Wv. Fn Hcp-h-kvXphn-s\bpw ]p-tNm-Xn-cn-p--Xn\p-thn \mw C_vdm-lo-an\v Hcp hoSv ]Wn-bp-Xn\v m\w \n-bn-p-sIm-SpXv Hmt-Xm-Wv. AXns\ (Fs hoSns\) {]ZnWw sNp--hpw, \np--hpw, Ip\n-bp--hpw thn ipo-I-cn-p-shpIbpw sNpI Fv lv: 26 Amlp ]dbpp. GXv {]hrnbpw Am-lphns \ma-nepw Am-lp-hp-ambn _-s-p-sIm-p-am-bn-cn--Ww sNt-Xv. B
{]hrn kzoI-cn--s-Sm Ah-t\m-Sv {]mn-p-Ibpw thWw. Am--]w kabw
shdp-sX- I-f--Xn\v Am-lp-hn-t\mSv adp-]Sn ]d-tb-n-h-cpw. \^vkv (B-m-hv) ]sSp-msX, ico-cw-sIm-v am{Xap Hcp {]hrnbpw kzoI-cn--s-Sp-I-bn-. ^mnl:
4 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
128. R-fpsS \mYm Rsf \n\v kmWw sNp--h-cmt--W-ta,
RfpsS km\-]-c-cI-fn\nv \n\v kmWw sNp Hcp
kap-Zm-b-sbpw \o Dm-t-W-ta, RfpsS A\p-jvTm-\ -I-
Rv \o ]Tn-np Xtc-W-ta, R-fpsS ]m-m]w \o kzoI-cnpIbpw sNt-W-ta. \nbw, \o Gsd ]m-m]w kzoI-cn-p--h\pw
Icp-Wm-hmcn-[nbpw Xs-b-tm.
129.
R-fpsS \mYm, Ah-cn\nv Xs Ah-cn-tev Hcp {]hm-N-Is\

\ntbm-Kn-t-W-ta. Ah-cn\nv Ahv \ns kq Xnem-hv
sNbvXp-sIm-Sp-p-Ibpw Ahv \ns {Khpw XXz-m-\hpw ]Tn-np-sIm-Sp-p Ibpw Ahsc kwkvI-cn-p-Ibpw sNp (Hcp ZqXs\ \ntbmKnt-Wta). \nbw \o AP--\mb k-{]-Xm-]nbpw X{-\mb
bpn-m-\n-bp-a tm.
Ckvam-Cu \_n-bpsS ]c--c-bn\nv Hcp {]hm-N-Is\ \ntbm-Kn--W-sa-p

AhcpsS Cu {]m\v, GI-tZiw cm-bn-c-n-A-qdv sIm-ptijw aplZv \_nsb \ntbm-Kn-pI hgnbmWv Amlp Dcw \InbXv. "\nbw \o AP\pw bpn-m-\n-bp-amWv' Fv FSp-p--cn--Xns s]mcp, Amlp {XnIm-em-\nbpw, {]]--n \S-p--sXmw t\cs \n-bn--h\pw tNmZyw sN-sSm-h\pw Ftm, FhnsS, Fs\, Fv \S-n-em--W-sav Xocp-am-\n-m- Ignhp GIm-[n-]\pw km-[n-]\pw tkzOm-[n-]-\p-am-Wv Fm-Wv. amCZ: 118, \msf
Jnbm-ap\mfn Fm-h-scbpw hnNm-cW sNp thf-bn Cukm \_nsb {]tXyIw
hnNm-c-W-sN-p-tm Atlw \Ip adp-]Sn Ah-km-\n-n-p-Xv C-s\-bmWv:
""\nbw, \o Ahsc inn-p-I-bm-sW-n, Atm \nbw, Ah \ns ASn-a-Ifm-W-tm. A, \o Ahv s]mdp-p-sIm-Sp-p-I-bm-sW-n Atm \n-bw, \o
AP--\mb k-{]-Xm-]n-bpw X{-\mb bpnm\nbpatm. Cu kq-amWv
apl-Zv \_n Hcp Znh-ks Xl-pZv \a-kvIm-c-n ]qo-I-cn-m Ign-bmsX
Ic-p-sImv Ign-p-Iq-n-b-Xv. (Pp-apA: 23 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
C_vdmlow blq-Zntbm {InkvXym-\ntbm Bbn-cp-n-, t\sc sNms kmWw
sNbvX apkven-am-bn-cp-p. Atlw inv sNp--h-cns--h-\p-am-bn-cp-n-. \n-bam-bnpw P\--fn C_vdm-loan-t\m-Sv Ghpw ASp Bfp-I At-ls ]n]-p
170
JpB\ns Bmhv
Cu \_nbpw (-ap-l--Zv) At-l-tm-sSm--ap hnizm-kn-I-fp-am-Wv. Amlp hnizm-kn-IfpsS kwc--I\pw klm-bn-bp-am-Wv Fv BenCw-dm 6768 ]d-n-p-v. C-s
apkven-fn hnizm-kn-I am{Xta C_vdmlow \_n-bp-sSbpw apl-Zv \_n-bp-sSbpw
amKw ]n]-p--h-cm-bp-q. Am--h-scms PqX-cp-sSbpw ss{IkvX-h-cp-sSbpw
apivcnp-I-fp-sSbpw amKw kzoI-cn--hcm-Wv (_Jd: 151 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Anbm-Av:
92 {]hm-N-Iamscpdnv ]d--tijw Amlp ]d-bpp: \nbw \n-fpsS Cu
kap-Zmbw GI-k-ap-Zm-b-hpw, Rm \n-fpsS DS-a-bp-am-Wv. AXpsImv \n F\n-pthn am{Xw Pohn-p--h-cm-hpI. amCZ: 118, apAvan: 8, apwX-ln\: 5 Fo kq- Ah-km-\n-p--Xv, \nbw \o AP--\mb k-{]-Xm-]n-bpw, X{--\mb bpnm-\nbpw Xs-btm F Bi-b-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv.
130. kzs hnUvVn-bm-n-b-h-\-msX BcmWv C_vdm-lo-ans amKs
shdp-p-Ibpw Hgn-hm-p-Ibpw sNpI. \nbw At-ls \mw Cu
temIv (\-psS kti-sa-np sImSp-p-hm) sXcs--Sp-n-p-v.
\nbw, Atlw ]c-tem-Iv k-\--fns--h Xs-bpam-Ip-p.
\nbw C_v d mlow Hbv v Hcp kap- Z mbw Xs- b mbn- c pp, Ftmgpw
t\scsNms Am-lp-hns\ hW-p--h-\p-am-bn-cp-p. Atlw Hcn-epw inv sNp-h-cns-n-n-. Am-lp-hns A\p-{K-l-v \n {]I-Sn-n-p--h-\p-am-bn-cp-p.
At-ls \mw sXcsSp-p-Ibpw Ghpw sNmmbXntev amK-Zi\w sNpIbpw sNbvXp. At-l-n\v Cu Cl-tem-Iv \mw \ \In. \nbw Atlw ]cn k\--fns--h Xs-bm-Wv (\lv 120-122). PqX-ss{I-kvXhcpw apivcnp-If
- p-samw ap {]hm-NI
-
- msc Xn-d
- b
- p-p-s-nepw Ah-cmcpw C_vdmlow \_nsb
Xn-d
-
n-n-. Fm Cs apkvenw-Is
- f-tm-se-s Ah-cmcpw C_vdmloans
amKw ]n]-n-bn-cppan-. ^mnl: 6 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
131. At-l-ns \mY At-l-tmSv "\o apkven-am-hpI' (kkzw Amlp hn An--h-\m-hp-I) Fp-]-d--tm C_vdmlow ]dp: ktem-I--fp-sSbpw DS-a-bmb Fs \mY\v Rm k-kzhpw kan-p
Iogvsp.
apkven-am-hpI Fm, X\nv Amlp \In-bn-p k-v, hoSv, a, Bbpv
XpS-nb A\p-{K-l-fpw Xs--sbpw DS-a-bmb Am-lp-hn-\p-thn kanpIbpw PohnXw apgp-h Am-lp-hn-\p-thnbmpIbpam-Wv. (BenCw-dm: 19, ABw:
71,161163, \wev: 44, apAvan: 66, kzm^v^mv: 103 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I) ^mnl: 1,4 hni-ZoI-cWw t\mp-I.
132. C_vdmlow Xs asf CXpsImv (CkvemwsImv-) Dun D]-tZ-in-p,
bAvJzq_pw (Xs a-sf Dun D]-tZ-in-p). Hm Fs atf! \nbw,
\nv Amlp Cu Zo sXc-s-Sp-n-cn-p-p, Atm \n
k-kzhpw Am-lp-hn\v An-hcmbnsm-msX acn-p-t]m-I-cpXv.
BZw apX Ay-\mhsc-bp apgph krn-Ipw k{k-mhv Xr]vXn-
A_-Jd (2)
171
s Pohn-Xh
- y-h
b
- mWv Ckvemw. BenCw-dm: 19-, \n-ba
- m-bnpw Am-lp-hnsbSp kzoIm-cy-am-b Zo (Po-hn-Xhyh) Ckvemw am{X-am-sWpw, 85-, Ckvemw
Am asmcp Pohn-X-hy-h Bsc-nepw At\z-jn-m (kzo-I-cn-m) AXv Ah\n\nv kzoI-cn-sSp-I-bn-, Ah ]c-n Fmw \-s--h-\m-bn-cnpsapw
]d-n-p-v. Fm a\p-jycpw P\n-p-Xv {]Ir-Xn-bn (C-kveman) apkven-am-bn-smmWv. Ah-cpsS amXm-]n-Xm--fmWv ]ns Ahsc PqX-tcm, ss{IkvX-h-tcm, aPq-kntbm, _lp-ssZ-hm-cm-[-Itcm (inv sNp--htcm), Bp-Xv Fv \_n(-k) ]Tn-nn-p-v. Atm, ]Xn\v hb-n-\p-apv acn-p GsXm-cmfpw (ssl-hss{IkvXhPqX_p XpSn GXv aX-hn-`m-KmcpsS k-Xn-I-fm-sW-nepw icn) apkven-am-bnmWv acn-p-I, Ah kzKn-te-p-am-Wv. Jp-B-\ns samw Bi-b-amb lpZm (kmKw) hp-Innbnv ]n]-msX, Snv D]-tbm-Kn-msX ]Xn\v hb-n-\p-ti-j-w
Hcmpw kzK-n t]mIm km[ya-. AXp-sIm-mWv ]Xn\v hb-n-\p-apv
av samw Jp-B-\ns Bibw ]Tn-nv sImSp-- amXm-]n-Xm--fpsS _m[yX-bm-sWv \_n(-k) ]Tn-n--Xv. Am--]w ]c-temIv afpw amXm-]n-Xm-fpw
]c-kv]-cw -]-gn-Nm-cp cwKw AAv-dm^v: 38- hmbn-p-I. Ben-Cw-dm: 102-, hnizm-knIsf hnfn-p-sIm-v Amlp ]d-bpp: Hm, hnizm-kn-I-tf, \n Am-lp-hns\ lrZb-n kqn-t--hn[w kqn-p-I. \n apkvenam-bn-smmsX acn-pIbpa-cpXv Fp]-dXns hnh-, Fmhcpw P\n-Xv apkvenam-bn-m-Wv. P\n-p-tm
GXpIme-v, GXp\mn, GXp amXm-]nXm-fn P\n--W-sav Hcmpw Xocp-am-\nm A[n-Im-c-an-. B P\n Ah--bnXs (\njvI-f--cmbn) acn--W-samWv.
Ckvem-anI hyh \mn \ne-hn-en-m Ah-b
- n, bmko-\n ]d hnizmkn-sb-tmse, I-lv^n ]d Kplm-hm-kn-I-sf-tmse, ^n-Hu-\ns kZ-n aqkm
\_ntbmSv a-cn-m htijw hnizm-kn-I-fmbn amdnb amc-W-m-sc-tm-se, Amlp-hn hniz-kn-p-sIm-v, "Amlv' F kvac-W- \ne-\nn GsX-nepw h\-ntem
s]mntem amfntem Pohn-p hnizm-knpw kzK-n t]mIm-hp-Xm-Wvapkvenambn Pohn-m Ah\v Ah-kcw Inn-bn-n-s-nepw icn.
133. AtXm, bAv-Jq-_n\v acWw Bk--amb k`-n \n-f-hnsS kmnI-fmbn lmP-cp-m-bn-cp-pthm? Atlw Xs asf hnfnv tNmZn
k`w. F\nv tijw \n Bp-th-n-bmWv Pohn-p-I?. Ah
adp- ] Sn ]dp: "Xm- f p- s S Cem- l mb, Xm- f psS ]nXm- - m- c mb
C_vdmloansbpw Ckvam-Cuensbpw Ckvlm-Jn-sbpw Cem-lmb, GI
Cem-ln\p-th-n-bmWv R Pohn-p-I. R Ah\v kkzhpw
An-h-cp-am-Wv.'
"Cemlv' hni-Zo-I-c-W-n\v ^mnl: 4 t\mp-I.
134. AsXmw Ign-p-t]mb Hcp kap-Zm-bw. Ahv Ah km-Zn-Xpw
\nv \n km-Zn--Xp-apv. Ah-cpsS {]h-\--sf-p-dnv
\n tNmZn--s-Sp-I-bn-.
Cu kqw _Jd: 141epw Bhn-n-p-v. Hmtcm hynpw Ah-c-h kmZn-
172
JpB\ns Bmhv
Xv am{X-am-Wp-m-hp-I. kzKw Ah-c-hXs ChnsS ]WnXv km-Zn--Ww. amXm-]nXm--sf-p-dnv a- tNmZn-sSp-I-bn-, Fm a-sf-p-dnv amXm-]n-Xm- tNmZn-s-Spw. AXp-sImv av kzK-n-te-p Snmb Jp-B-\ns samw
Bibw ]Tn-n- amXm-]n-Xm--fpsS _m[y-X-bm-Wv. (A-Av-dm^v: 3738- t\m-p-I).
hnizm-kn-Isfbpw hnizm-k-n Ahsc ]n]-p Ah-cpsS k-Xn-I-sfbpw
kzK-n Hcp-anp Iq-s-Sp--Xm-Wv. Ah-cpsS Hcp {]h-\hpw ]mgmbn t]mhp-Ibn-. Fm Hmtcm Bfp-Ifpw Ah km-Zn--Xn\v ]W-b-am-Wv Fv Xq: 21epw, Fm
Hmtcm Bmhpw Ahch km-Zn--Xn\v ]W-b-amWv, heXp]-mscmgn-sI Fv
ap-kn: 38-39epw ]-d-bpp. he-Xp-]--m-cmb kzKhm-kn-Iv Ah-cpsS k\fmb km-\--sfbpw amXm-]n-Xm-sfbpw CW-I-sfbpw kzKn e`n-p-sav
dAvZv: 23, ap-Avan: 8 kq--fn ]d-n-p-v. Atm Jp-B\ns Bibw e`nmsX acn-p-t]mb amXm-]n-Xm--sf kzK-n e`n-p--Xn-\p-thn Fp-sN-m
km[np-sa--tNmZyn-\v, Cv Jp-B e`n-m Bfp-Iv Jp-B\ns ktiw
Fn-psImSp p-Ibpw Ahsc Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-a-\p-k-cn-p PohnXw \bn-m
D]-tZ-in-p-Ibpw sNp-Ibpw AhcpsS kzK{]th-i-\-n-\pthn {]hn-Xn-\p
{]Xn-êw Xs amXm-]n-Xm-v \ItWsbv Bm-ambn {]mn-p-Ibpw
sNp-I. Atm lrZ-b--fpsS Ah--b-dn-bp Amlp hnizm-kn-IfpsS B{Klw
]qo-I-cn-p-sIm-Sp-p-sa-mWv "heXp]-mscmgnsI' Fp-]-d--Xns Bi-bw.
_e-Zv: 19-20 kq-fn, BcmtWm \psS kq- aqSn-sh--Xv, Ah XsbmWv CSXp-]--mscpw, Ah-scbmWv Xobn-env aqSpI Fpw ]d-n-p-v. _Jd:
135. Ah ]-d-bp-Ibpw sNp-p: \n PqX-cm-hpI As-n ss{IkvX-hcmhpI, Fmte \n kmK-n-em-hp-Ib
- p-q. \_ntb ]d-bp-I: A,
C_vdm-loans amK-amWv t\scsNmmb amKw. Atlw Am-lp-hns
A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i--fn ]p-tNp-h-cns--h-\pam-bn-cp-n.
aZo-\-bn-ep blq-Zn-Ifpw ss{IkvX-hcpw {]tXyIw {]tXyIw ]d-n-cpp, AhcpsS PohnXNcy ]n]-n-sb-nte kmK-n-em-hp-I-bp-q Fv. Cv aXw IWs
`nn-n-p apkven-fnse hnhn[ -kw-L-S-\-m-cpsS hmZhpw CXp-X-s-bm-Wv. Cv
Ahscmw hnhn[ kwL-S-\-I-fnsv apivcn-p-I-fmbn amdnbncnp-IbmWv (Adqw:
3132, ap-Avan\q: 5253 t\mp-I.) Ah- C-_vdm-lo-an-tbm apl-Zv \_n(-k)-bp-sStbm
amKa, adnv PqX-cp-sS-bpw- ss{I-kvX-h-cp-sSbpw amKamWv ]n]-p--Xv. Ahkm-\Imev apkvenw- P\X PqX-ss{I-kvX-hsc NmWn\v NmWmbpw apg-n\v apg-am-bpw
]n]-p-sapw, Av Jp-B AW--p-]-tbm-Knv ISn-p-]n-Snv h s]mntem amfntem t]mbn Xma- k n- ns- nepw `qcn- ] - - ns Hgp- ns- S msX hnizmkw
\ne\n-W-sapw hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv \_n(-k) Ievn-n-p-v.
\bX{-{]-Xn\n-[nIsf Xn-sm-p-t]m-hp-I, hne-t]-ipI, h[n-p-I, Fw_-knIfpw X{-{]-[m\tI{-fpw t_mw_p-kvt^m-S\w \Sn \in-n-p-I XpS-nb \miI-c--fmb Xo{h-hmZ {]h-\-fn-eq-sS-bmWv PqX-m Ckvdm-Cu cm{w t\Sn-bXv. 1946 hsc hnhn[ cmPy--fn Nnn-n-Xdn Pohn-n-cp PqX-mv, Ah-cpsS Ccw
A_-Jd (2)
173
{]h-\--fn kln-sI-mWv 1947- Ata-cn-bpw {_n-\pw apssIsbSpv CkvdmCu cm{w Dm-n-sm-Sp-Xv. Cv ê-kvXo cm{-n-\p-thn apkven
kzoIcnp amK-fpw CXp-X-s-bm-Wv. am{X-a-, temI-s-hn-sSbpap apkvenw
Xo{h-hmZ {]m-\-- ]np-S-cp amK-fpw PqX-m-cp-tS-Xv Xs-bmWv Fv ImWmhp-Xm-Wv. Ah P\-sf (Jp-B-\n\n-v) XS-bp-Ibpw Ah kzbw AXn-s\sm-v X-S-bp-Ibpw sNp-p. AXp-hgn Ah Ah-sc--s-b-msX \in-n-p-n-,
]t Ah-cXv Xncn--dn-bp-n Fv ABw: 26 ]d-n-p-v. Cu kqw Ah-Xcn Imev Jp-B {Kcq]-n Dm-bn-cp-n-. AXn-\m {K-cq-]-n
t{ImUo-Ic
- n-v e`n-n-p apkvenmWv CXv _m[-Ia
- m-hp-I. `qanbn cw NnmsX,
imn-bpw kam-[m-\hpw \ne\nm-\p GI D]m-[n-bmWv Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-w.
Cv h[tam (JznXm) bptam C. adnv Jp-B aqSn-sh-p, Xn--d-bp Im^ndp-I-tfmSv Jp-B-\ns Bi-bw-sIm-p PnlmZv am{X-ta-bp-q (^pJm 52). ABw: 158-159 Iqn-hm-bn-pI. Ben-Cw-dm: 67,95, A-Bw: 161, \lv: 123 Fo kq-sfmw Atlw Hcn-epw Am-lp-hns A[n-Im-cmh-Im-i--fn ]p-tNph\pam-bn-cp-n F Bi-b-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bmWv Ah-km-\n-p--Xv. _Jd: 111-113,120
136. \n ]d-bp-I: R Am-lp-hn-s\-smpw R-fn-tev Ah-X-cnn--s-XpsImpw C_vdm-lo-an\pw Ckvam-Cu-en\pw Ckvlm-Jn\pw bAvJq-_n\pw tKm{X-hK-mpw Ah-X-cn-n--s--Xp-sImpw aqkmpw
Cukmpw \I-s--XpsImpw X-fpsS dn-\nv Fm \_nampw \Is-Xnepw hniz-kn-ncn-p-p. Ah-cn Hcm-nS-bnepw
R hyXymkw ImWn-p-I-bn-. R Am-lp-hn\v k-kzw
kanhcpamIpp.
BenCwdm: 84 CtX Bi-b-n-ep kq-am-Wv. ChnsS hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv ]dbm-\mWv Iev]n-p-sX-n, BenCw-dm: 84, \_n-tbmSv {]Jym-]n-m-\mWv ]d-bp-Xv. Fm \_n-amcpw Htc Bibw {]N-cn-n-p--Xn-\p-thn GI-\mb Am-lp-hn\m Ab--s--hcmWv. "AIn-Xm_v' Bb H {Kw am{Xta BZyw apX Ahkm\whsc hnpq. AXns icocw hnhn-[--fm-sW-nepw Bmhv Hp-X-s-bm
Wv. (_-Jd: 2 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). apl-Zv \_n (k)bmWv Ckvemw m]n-sXpw Atlw apkvenwI-fpsS am{Xw \_n-bm-sWpw ]d-bp--h-cpw hniz-kn-p-hcpsamw kXy-\n-tj-[n-I-fmWv. AAvdm^v: 158, k_-Av: 28 kq--fn apl-Zv
\_nsb samw a\p-jyp ZqX-\m-bn--msX Ab-n-n Fpw, An-bm-Av: 107,
apl-Zv \_nsb k-tem-Ipw Imcp-Wy-am-bn--msX Ab-n-n Fpw ]d-npv.
tKm{X-hK-m F-Xp-sIm-p hnh-, AAv-dm^v 160- ]d ]{v
tKm{X--fmbn thXncn, bA-Jq_v \_nbpsS ]p]p{X-mcpsSbpw bqkp^v \_nbpsS cv ]p{X-m-cp-sSbpw km-\-]-c--c-I-fmWv. \_n kp_vln \akvIm-c-n-s
app kpv \a-kvIm-c-nse Hmw dIv-A-n Cu kqhpw, cmw dIv-An BenCwdm 52-mw kqw As-n 64-mw kqamWv HmXn-bn-cp-Xv. ^mnl:
174
JpB\ns Bmhv
137. Atm \n Jp-B-sImv hniz-kn--Xpt]mse Ahcpw hniz-knp-I-bm-sW-n \n-bw, Ah kmK-n-embn, C\n Ah ]nn-cnbp-I-bm-sW-n \nbw Ah `nn-n-em-Wv. Ah-sc-smv \n\v
Amlp aXn. Ah Fmw tIp--h\pw Adn-bp--h-\p-a-tm.
Jp-B-\ns samw Bibw lpZ-bmbn kzoI-cnv AXns\ ]n]-p--h am{XamWv bYm-n-ep hnizm-kn-I. samw Bibw ]cn-K-Wn-msX Jp-B-\n
\nv NneXv FSp-p-I-Ibpw NneXv Hgn-hm-p-I-bpw sNp--h Ckvem-am-Ip samw
hrs kzoI-cn-msX sImpw ]nSnv `nn-p-t]m-b-hcpw \ntj-[n-I-fp-am-Wv (\nkmAv 150151). _-Jd: 176, {K-n `nn--h, \nbw kXy-n\nv hfsc Zqcw
AI-p-t]m-bn Fpw ]d-n-pv. Ah-cpsS Fm D]-{Z-h-fn\npw \ns klmbnm AmlpaXn Fv Cu kq-nepw, Fm P\--fn\n-p-ap D]-{Z-h-ssmv \ns klm-bn-m Amlp aXn Fv amC-Z: 67-epw ]d-n-p-v. lnPv: 9495 kq--fn Amlp ]d-bpp: \ntmSv Iev]n--s--Xp-t]mse Jp-BsImv
aptmv Kan-p-I, Am-lp-hns A[n-Im-cmh-Im-i--fn ]p-tNp--hsc Ah-KWnp-I. ]cn-l-kn-p--hscsmv \ns klm-bn-m \mwXs aXn-bm-b-h-\m-Ipp.
Cv Jp-B apdpsInSnv Pohn-p hnizm-kn-Iv, apkven-fnse ]ng
Bfp-I-fn\n-p D]-{Zhfpw FXnIfpw am{X-a-, GXv a\p-jy-\n\n-p
FXnpIfpw Amlp XS-bpsav kmcw. A{]-Imcw Fm \_n-ampw apPvcnwI-fn
(ap-\m-^n-Jp-Ifpw ^mPn-dp-I-fpw) \np--hsc i{Xp--fm-n-bn-cn-p-p, amKZi-I\pw
klm-bn-bp ambn \n\v \ns \mYXs aXn Fv ^pJm: 31 ]d-n-p-v.
(Ben-Cw-dm: 103, An-bm-Av: 92-93, kzmZv: 12^pkzn-e-v: 52 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd:
2,38,120 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
138. \n Am-lp-hns hw kzoI-cn-p-I. Am-lp-hns hw kzoIcn-p--h-t\-m D-a-\m-bn- B-cp-v? R Ah-\p-thn am{Xw Pohnp--h-cp-am-Ip-p.
Jp-B\
- ns Ah-Xc
- W
- I
- m-ep ss{IkvXh
- c
- psS CS-bn-ep-m-bn-cp amtmZok
k{-Zm-bs A]-e-]n-p-I-bpw, Am-lp-hns hw kzoI-cn-m Iev]n-p-I-bpamWv sNp--Xv. aX-tam, \mtSm, hwitam, Imetam, amXm-]n-Xm--sftbm sXc-s-Spm Hcmpw A[n-Im-ctam Ah-Im-itam Cspw, AsXmw \n-bn-p-Xv Amlp- am{XamWv Fpw R-fn-, R-fp-tS-Xmb Hp-an-. R ASn-a-I-fm-Wv, Fmw
{]]--\m-Y-\mb DSabpsS-Xm-Wv F kXy-apsmv Am-lp-hns {]Xn-\n-[n-bmbn
Pohn--emWv Am-lp-hns hw kzoI-cn-pI F-Xns hnh-. Fm Cu
Bi-b-n\nv t]mb-Xp-Im-cWw Cv temI-nse Fm aX-hn-`m-K-n-S-bnepw
CXn\v (am-tm-Zn-k) kam-\-amb BNm-cm-\p-jvTm-\--fp-v. apkvenn-S-bn- Ccw
aX-n tNcp NSpI hfsc IWn-j-ambn \ne-\np-p-v. BZw apX Ay\mhsc-bp P\--fn HcpkwLw Am-lp-hn-t-XmWv (ap-Pm-Zne: 22), _mn-sbm
kwL-fpw kwL-S-\-Ifpw apivcn-p-Ifpw ]nim-Nn-t-Xp-am-Wv (apPm-Zne: 19) Am-lp-
A_-Jd (2)
175
hns kwL-m Am-lp-hn-\p-thn am{Xw Pohn-p--hcpw Ahs {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fp-am

Wv. AXv Fm Hmtcm 1000 1 am{X-ta-bp-q-shv \_n (k) Ankm-Av: 118-s hniZo-I-c-W-n ]Tn-n-n-p-v. Am--h-scmw ]nim-Nn-s {]Xn-\n-[n-Ifpw ]nim-Nn-\pth n, kz-n\pth-n, XmKq-n-\p-thn Pohn-p--h-cpam-Wv. ^mnl: 4, _Jd:
139. \_ntb tNmZn-p-I: Am-lp-hns Imcy-n-emtWm \n R-tfmSv
hmZn-p-Ibpw Xn-p-I-bpw -sN-p--Xv-?Ah R-fpsS DS-abpw \nfpsS DS-a-bp-am-bn-cn-s. Rv R-fpsS {]hrnI, \nv
\n-fpsS {]hrn-I. R Am-lp-hn\pthn am{Xw Pohn-p
\njv-f-cpam-Ip-p.
Cv Jp-B apdpsInSnv Pohn-p hnizm-kn-I- ]ng-p-t]mbn Fp Btcm]n-p- `qcn-] apkvenp adp-]-Sn-bmWv Cu kqw. Jp-B Bibw hniZo-I-cn-p kZ-ns\ Kuc-h-ambn FSp-mh-scbpw kabw If-bp--Xn\pthn Ifnbnepw Xam-i-I-fnepw Gs--hscbpw shSn-b-W-sapw, Ah-tcm-Sv, Rv RfpsS {]h-\-, \nv \n-fpsS {]h-\-, \nv kemw (\n-v
t]mImw) R Ahn-th-In-I-fpsS amKw At\z-jn-p--h-c Fp]d-bm-\p-amWv
Jzkzkv: 55- hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv Ievn-n-p-Xv. ABw: 71- \_n-tbmSv ]d-bm
I]np-p: Am-lp-hns kamKw AXp am{X-am-Ipp kamKw, R ktem-I--fp-sSbpw DS-a-bmb \mY\p PohmWw sNm Ievn--s-n-cn-p-p. Cu
lpZm Inn-bnpw AXn\nv ]nn-cnp t]mb-h ]nim-Nns _m[-tbp ey-t_m[w \jvS-sp BSn-bp-ep Pohn-p--h-\m-Wv. hnizm-kn-I As\bmIm ]mSnspw ]d-bm Iev]nnp-v.
lnPv: 3940, kzmZv: 8283, Fo kq--fn, Am-lp-hn\pthn am{Xw Pohnp \njv-f--cmb ASn-a-I-f-m--h-sc-sbmw ]nimNv ey-t_m[w \-sSpn
hgn-]n-g-n-v \c-I-n-tev sImp-t]m-Ip-sav Am-lp-hn-t\mSv i]Yw sNbvXXmbn
]dn-p-v. bqkp^v: 24-, \nbw bqkp^v \psS \njv-f--cmb ASn-a-I-fns-h X-s-bm-bn-cpp Fv ]d-bp-p-v. AXn\m {]hm-N-I-m-cpsS PohnXw \bnp
hnizm-kn-IX-s-bmWv \njv-f--cmb ASn-a-I. ^mnl: 4, "R \n\pthn am{Xw Pohn-p-p, AXn\v R \ntmSv am{Xw klmbw tXSpp' Fp]dbp-tm Rsf \o \n\-p-th-n am{Xw Pohn-p \njvIf--cm-t-Wta Fv a\n IcptX-Xm-Wv.
140. AtXm \n ]d- b p- p- t hm: \nbw C_v d m- l oapw Ckv a m- C uepw
CkvlmJpw tKm{X-hK-mcpw, PqX-mtcm As-n {InkvXym-\n-Itfm
Bbn-cp-p-shv? \_ntb tNmZn-pI: \n-fmtWm Ghpw Adn-bp-h AtXm Am-lpthm? Xs-]- Amlp-hn-\n-p Hcp kmyap-v, AXv adp-sh-p--h-t\-m Ghpw henb A{Ian BcmWv? \nfpsS {]h-\--sf-p-dnv Amlp A{i-\
-- pa-X-s.
Cv aX- IWs `nn-p-t]mb apkven-fnse hnhn[ kwL-S-\-m-tcmSv:
176
JpB\ns Bmhv
apl-Zpw C_vdm-loapw Ckvam-Cuepw CkvlmJpw bAv-Jq_pw tKm{X-hK-mcp--samw

\n-fpsS Pohn-X-N-cy-bm-bn-cp-pthm \bnn-cp--Xv, AtXm Bbn-c-n Hns amKamb Jp-B-\ns samw Bibw apdpsInSnpsIm-p Pohn-X-amtWm \bnn-cp-Xv
FmWv tNmZyw.
Am-lp-hn\n-p kmyw: aZo-\bnse PqX-ss{IkvXh-cpsS ]-ep
kmyw-sImv Dt-in-p-Xv, H thZ-{K--ns `mK-amb Xudm-pw CPo-epamWv. Fm Cv kmyw Jp-B- am{Xam-Wv. lqZv: 17 ]d-bp-p: Am-lp-hn\np Hcp kmn At-l-n\v Xnem-hv sNbvXp-sIm-Sp-p-Ibpw sNp-pv. B
kmnpapv aqkm-bpsS Camapw Imcp-Wy-hp-am-b-{K--hp-ap-v. Aq- B Jp-BsImv hniz-knpp, kwL--fn\nv BcmtWm AXv aqSn-sh-p--Xv, Ahv
\c-I-amWv hmKvZw sN-s-n-p--Xv. Jp-B \n\v A\p-Iq-e-ambn kmn-bmWv
A-s-n \n\v FXn-cmbn kmn-bmWv -Fv \_n(k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. Jp-B-\ns
Bibw a\-n-emn ]np-S-cp-Ibpw AXns\ Pohn-n-p-Ibpw sNbvX-hv A\-pIq-eambn Jp-B kmyw hlnpw. Jp-B-\ns\ Ah-K-Wnv AXns hn[n-hn-e-p-Iv
hncp--amb PohnXw \bn-p--hv FXn-cm-bnpw Jp-B kmywhln-pw. Cv
Cu kmys (Jp-B) aqSn-sh-p apkvenw-I Xs-bmWv Ghpw henb A{Ian-Ifpw {`m-mcpw (AAv-dm^v: 40, bq\p-kv: 17, k-PZ: 22). am-CZ: 117, _pdqPv: 9 kq-fn Am-lp- kmnbmWv Fp-]-d-n-p-v. ABw: 19-, Ghpw henb kmyw
GsXmmWv Fv tNmZn-m \_n-tbmSv ]d-bp-p. F\npw \np-an-S-bn
kmn-bmbn Am-lp-hpw Fn-tev Znhy-k-t-i-ambn e`n-p Jp-B-\pwaXn Fv
]d-bm\pw Iev]n-p-p. Alvkm_v: 45-, \_n-tbmSv Am-lp-hnsbpw Jp-B-\nsbpw kmn-bmbn Pohn--W-sapw, _Jd: 143-, hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv \_n-bpsS PohnXw
a\p-jycn kmy-s-Sp--Wsapw Iev]n-n-p-v.
\nbw \ns \mY Fmw ]Xn-bn-cpv hon-ph\m-Wv (^Pv 14), \n
Fhn-sS-bm-sW-nepw Ah \n-tfm-sSm--ap-v (l-ZoZv: 4), Ip-I Ahs\ ImWp-n, Ip-Isf Ah ImWp-Ibpw sNp-p (ABw: 103), Ahs\ Dd-tam ab-tam
]nSn-Iq-Sp-n- (_-Jd: 255), \mw Ah-cpsS Poh-\m-Un-tb-m ASp-m-WpXv (Jm^v:
16), \n \n-fpsS hmp-I cl-ky-am-n-sh-p-I, As-n shfn-hm-pI, GXv
Ah--bnepw Ah s\pI-fpsS Ah Adn-bp--h-\-tm (apIv 12), hnizm-knItf \n Adnn-cn-pI, \nbw, Amlp \ne-sIm-p-Xv hyn-bp-sSbpw Ahs
lrZ-b-n-sbpw CS-bn-em-W (A^m 24). Amlp Adn-bmsX Hcn-epw, Hcmpw,
Hcn-Spw Hcp Nn-t]mepw km[y-a-sv Npcp-w. (lv: 70, ^mXzn: 11, ^pzn-e-v:
53, AlvJm-^v: 12-13 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I)
141. AsXmw Ign-p-t]mb Hcp kap-Zm-bw. Ahv Ah km-Zn-Xpw
\nv \n km-Zn--Xp-apv. Ah-cpsS {]h-\--sf-p-dnv
\n tNmZn--s-Sp-I-bpan.
_Jd: 134- hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww ImWpI. C_vdmloapw Ckvam-Cuepw CkvlmJpw bAvJq_v
k-Xn-I-fp-sams (tKm-{X-hKm-cpw) hnizm-kn-Ifpw Am-lp-hns kwL-n
s]hcpambn-cp-p. Ahv Ah-cpsS {]Xn-êw e`n-p-Ibpw sNpw. Fm \n
A_-Jd (2)
177
(a-Zo-\b
- n-ep PqXamcpw ss{IkvXh
- c
- pw) bYm-n Ah-cpsS amKn-em-sWn,
H kwL-n s]tS--h-cpw Ah-cpsS PohnXw Pohn-t-h-cpw GI-\mb Am-lphn\pthn am{Xw Pohn-p Ahs {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fm-tI--hcp-am-Wv. \n-fpsS kzKw
\n Xs ]Wn-tb--Xm-Wv, Am--hsmw \c-I-am-Wp--Xv.
apl-Zv \_nbpw hnizm-kn-I-fp-samw GI kwL-n s]-h-cpw, Am-lp-hn-\pthn am{Xw Pohn-p--h-cp-am-bn-cp-p. Fm \n hnhn[ kwL-S-\-I-fmbn
Xncnp ]nim-Nns kwL-n s]--h-cm-bn-cn-p-p, \n km-Zn-p-Xv \c-Ihp-am-Wv. apl-Zv \_nbpw A\p-bm-bn-Ifpw Ah kmZn kzK-n-tev t]mIptm \n ]nim-Nn-t\m-sSmw (kw-L-S\m t\Xm--tfm-sSm-w) \n km-Zn
\c-I-n-tev t]mtI-n-h-cp-saXmWv Cu kq-ns auC-fv. ^mnl: 7
hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
142. P\--fn\n-p hnUvVn-I tNmZn-pw: hnizm-kn-Ip-m-bn-cp
Jn_vebn\nv Ahsc amn--f-Xv FmWv? \_ntb \o ]d-bpI:
Ingpw ]Sn-m-dp-samw Am-lp-hn-\p--Xm-Wv, Ah Dt-in-p--hsc
Ah Ghpw sNmmb amK-n-tev amK-Zi\w sNp-p.
143. A{]-Imcw \mw \nsf Hcp a[yakap-Zm-b-am-n-bn-cn-p-p{]hm-N-I
\n-fn kmywhln-pXp-t]mse \n P\--fn- kmywhlnm thn. apv \n\pmbn-cp Jn_ve \mw \n-bn-nn{]hm-NIs\ A\p-k-cn-msX ]pdw-Xn-cn-p-t]m-Iph-cn\nv {]hm-N-I-s\
]n]ph BcmsWv \apv Adn-bm thnbm-sX-. \nbw,
(Jn_ve \n-bn) B kw`hw Amlp amKZi\w \Inb-hsm-gnv Dsm-m Ign-bm Hcp henb kw`-hw Xsbm-Wv; Amlp
\n-fpsS hnizm-ks ]mgm-m-\p-t-in-p-n-. \nbw Amlp P\tfmSv Ghpw hm-ey-ap--h\pw Icp-W-bp--h\pw Xs-bm-Wv.
144. \nbw, \ns apJw BIm- i tv Db- c p- Xv \mw ImWp- p- v .
AXpsImv \o Xr]vXn-s-Sp Jn_ve-bn-tev \mw \ns Xncn-p-IXs sNpw. Atm \ns apJw akvPn-Zpldm-ans `mK-tv Xncnp-I. \n Fhn-sS-bm-bn-cp-m-epw, GX-h--bn-em-bn-cp-mepw \nfpsS apJw AXns `mK-tv Xncn-p-I. \n-b-ambpw {Kw \I-s-hv, \n-bw AXv (Jn-_ve amw) X-fpsS dn-\n-p bmYmyam-sWv Adn-bp-IXs sNpw. AhcpsS {]-h-\--sf-smv Amlp
A{i--\pa--Xs.
`qan-bnse Am-lp-hns BZys `h-\-amb a-bn-ep IAv_ C_vdmlow
\_nbpw aI Ckvam-Cu \_nbpw IqSn-bmWv ]p\\nn--Xv. ê-kvXo-\n Xmakn-n-cp C_vdmlow \_nbpsS aI CkvlmJv, aI bAv-Jq_v, aI bqkp^,v
aqkm, lmdq, ZmhqZv, kpsse-am, k-cnb, blvb, Cuk XpSnb {]hm-N-I-m-cneqsSbmWv Ckvemw {]t_m[\w sNsncp--Xv. Ch-cp-sS-sbmw Jn_ve a-bnep IA_ Xsbmbncp-p. Ch-cpsS ]nKm-an-I-sfv hmZn-n-cp PqX-m Cukm-
178
JpB\ns Bmhv
\-_nsb {Iqin-p-sImp Fv tLmjn-p. bYm-n Amlp At-ls ico-ctm-Sp-IqSn Ah-\n-tev Dbp-I-bm-Wp-m-b-Xv. Cukm \_n-sb Am-lp-hns Imcyn klm-bn Akm-cn-I-fpsS ]nKm-an-I-sfv hmZn-p ss{IkvX-h (\-kzm-dm) {ItaW hgn- s X- p- I bpw Cukm \_nsb ssZh]p{X, ssZhw,
]nXmhpw]p{X\pw]cn-ip-m-mhpw tN aqn-semv Fs-m-ap hnI-e-amb hnizmk- hp-]p-ep--h-cmbnamdn. Cv a-bn Ckvam-Cu \_n-bpsS a Im-e{I-taW hgn-]n-gv GI-\mb Am-lp-hn\v C_m-Z-n\pthn \nn IAv-_-bn
em, D XpSn 360 _nw_- \mn \in-n--s-tS L--nsen. As\
samw temIw Ccp--tmgmWv apgp-tem-Ipw Imcp-Wy-ambn Jp-B\mIp {]ImihpwsImv Amlp apl-Zv \_n (-k)sb \ntbm-Kn-p--Xv. thZ-hm-l-I-tcm-SmWv
apl-Zv \_nv ASp--ap-m-tIXv F-Xp sImpw, _nw_- \mn-bn-cp-n
FXpsIm-p-am-Wv apl-Zv \_n-v BZyL-n ê-kvXo-\n-ep ss_p apJkv Jn_ve-bmbn \nbn-Xv.
{]hm-NI
- X
- z-n\ptijw 13-mw hjw aZo-\b
- n-tev lnPvd t]mb \_n AhnsSshv
]Xn-t\gv amk-mew ss_p apJ-nkntev Xncn-p-X-s-bm-bn-cpp \a-kvI-cnn-cp--Xv. aZo-\-bn-ep PqXss{I-kvX-h apl-Zv \_n(-k)-tbmSpw A\p-bm-bn-I-tfmSpw
\nfpsS Pohn-X-amKw apgp-h R-fn\nv hyXykvX-amb Hcp ]pXnb amK-amWv
Fm ss_p apJ-kns\ Jn_vebmbn Ctmgpw XpS-cp-Xv Fp-sImmsWv
tNmZn-m-dp-m-bn-cp-p. {]hm-N-I-m-cp-sS ]nXmhmb C_vdmlnw \_n-bpsS {]m-\bpsS ê-ambn \ntbm-Kn--s apl-Zv \_n (k) C_vdm-loapw Ckvam-Cuepw ]WnX,
`qan-bnse BZys `h-\w Jn_ve-bmbn amdm AXn-bmbn B{K-ln-p (_-Jd: 129).
Atm Amlp apl-Zv \_n-sb-smv {]mn-n,v \mSp-I-fpsS tI{-amb a-bnep IAv_
- bn--tev Jn_ve amp-Ib
- m-Wp-m-bX
- v. Cu Jn_ve ams PqXcpw ss{IkvXhcpw tNmZywsNbvXp. Atm Ah-tcmSv ]d-bp-I-bm-Wv: Ingpw ]Sn-mdpw Am-lphn\p--XmWv. temIv Fv Xocp-am\w \S-n-em-p-hm\pw Am-lp-hn\v A[n-Im-c-apv. GI-\mb Am-lp-hn hniz-kn-p--hv Cu Jn_ve am-n Zpcq-l-Xv hIbn-. Cu Jn_ve am-n-eqsS Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-I-fn\nv temI-ns t\XrXzw
Ckvam-Cu ]c--c-bns Ad-_n-Im-bn amdn (_-Jd: 115,136 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m
pI).
C_vdm-loans amKw ]n]-p- apl-Zv, C_vdm-loapw Ckvam-Cuepw ]Wn-XhoSv Hgn-hmn ss_p apJ-kv Jn_vebm-bn AwKo-I-cn-Xv am apivcn-p-Iv
kln-m Ign-n-cp-n-. aZo-\-bn-ep apkven-fn X-sbp I]-S-hn-izmkn-Iv
Cu Jn_ve amhpw Dsm-p-hm Ign-n-cp-n-. As\ {]hm-N-I\pw hnizmknIpw apkvenw-I-fn-ep hnizm-kn-I-sfbpw Am--h-scbpw Xncn--dn-bm thnbmWv {XnIm-e-m-\n-bmb Amlp BZyw ss_p apJ-kv Jn_ve-bmbn \n-bn-Xv. Jn_ve amw apl-Zv \_nbpsS Xn--{]-Im-c-am-sWpw tXmp-tm tXmpt-S-tv Xncn-bp-I-bm-sWpw I]-S-hn-izm-knI Btcm-]n-n-cp-p. Cv, Jn_ve amw
apl-Zv \_n {]mn--Xp-sIm-mWv Fv hniz-kn-p--hcpw bYm hnizm-kn-I-f. adnv Jn_ve amw Am-lp-hn\n-p-Xs
- -bp-X
- m-sWpw, apl-Zv \_n-sb-smv
{]mn-nv Am-lp-Xs \S-n-em-n-b-Xm-sWpw hniz-kn-p--hcpw, \a-kvImcw,
A_-Jd (2)
179
t\m-v, s]cp-m, Ad-^, lv XpS-nb Fm Imcy-nepw Jn_vesb AwKo-Icnp-hcpw, PohnXn Fm-bvtmgpw Jn_vesb hebw sNp--h-cpamWv hnizmkn-I. AXn-\p-th-n-bmWv IA-_bn Xzhm^v \n-bn-n-p-X
- v. P\-f
- psS hnizmkw
]mgm-n--f-bm\- Jn_ve amneq-sS Amlp Dt-in-p-Xv. adnv, Ah-cpsS
_pnbp]-tbm-Knv Nnnv Am-lp-hns Ncy a\-n-emn, hnizmkw hnnm-\pw
Am-lp-hn-s\bpw dkq-en-s\bpw thXn-cn--dn-bm-\pam-Wv.
a[y-a-k-ap-Zmbw Fp]d-m, anX-k-ap-Zm-bw, kp-enX kap-Zmbw, \oXn-bnepw
\ymb-nepw \ne-sIm-p kap-Zmbw Fsmam-Wv. dkq-ens PohnXw Jp-B-\mbn-cp-p. AXp-sImv dkq-ens\ kmywhln-pI Fp]d-m, Jp-B-\ns hn[nhn-e-p-I A\p-k-cnv PohnXw Nn-s-Spn {]hm-N-Is PohnXw \bnv, {]hm-N-Is\
temI-n\v samw Imcp-Wy-hm-\mbn, \-h-\mbn ImWn-p-sIm-Sp--em-Wv. Ah am{XamWv dkq-ens\ kXy-s-Sp-p--h. Ah-\mWv, \nsf "kkzw Am-lp-hn\v
kanh(apkv e n)' Fv Cu {K- nepw CXn\p appw \ma- I - c Ww
sNbvXXv{]hm-N-I \nv kmyw-h-ln-m\pw, \n P\-v kmyw-hln-m\pwthn Fv lv: 78- ]d-n-p-v. Alvkm_v: 45- Amlp \_nsb
hnfnp ]d-bpp: \nbw kmn-bm-bpw, ip`-hm-Zm-b-I-\m-bpw, ap-dn-bnv \Ip-h-\mbnpamWv \ns Rm Ab-np-Xv. \nbw \ns, Am-lp Xr]vXn-s-Sp
PohnXw kmy-s-Sp-p kmnbpw, \ns kmy-s-Sp-p--hv ktm-jhm Adn-bn-p--h-\pw, ap--h-v XmoXv \Ip--h-\p-am-bn-mWv Ab-n-p-Xv
Fv ^Xvlv: 8epw ]d-n-p-v. Jkz-kv: 75 Amlp ]d-bpp: Fm kap-Zm-bn\pw Hcp kmnsb \mw sImp-h-cpw, Fnv Ah-tcmSv ]dbpw: \n \n-fpsS
Pohn-X-n\v sXfnhv lmP-cm-p-I. Atm \n-bw, kXyw Am-lp-hntXv am{XamsWv Ahv a\-n-em-hpw, ChnsS kXyhpw sXfn-hp-samw Jp-B\
- m-Wv. ^mnl:
5, _Jd: 111113 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
145. thZw \I-s--hv \o GsXmcp sXfnhv lmP-cm-n-bmepw Ah \ns
Jn_ve ]np-S-cp-I-bn-, \o Ah-cpsS Jn_vebpw ]n]-p--h-\-. Ahcn
Nne Nne-cpsS Jn_vesb ]n]p-h-cp-a-, \n\v Adnhv hpInn-bXn\p tijw \osb-m\pw Ah-cpsS Cm-\n-- ]n]-p-I-bm-sW-n,
\nbw \o A{I-an-I-fn s]-h Xs-bm-bn-cn-pw.
Cv thZw Jp-B am{X-amWv. Jp-B-\ns hml-I Ah-cpsS t\mpw s]cpm-fp-samw a-bn-epXn\v hncp--ambn hyXykvX Zn\--fn sImp-\-S-p-I-hgn
Jn_vesb AwKo-I-cn-p-n-. BenCwdm: 100- hnizm-kn-Isf hnfnv Amlp ]d-bpp: apkven-fn\n-p hnhn[ kwL-S-\-msc \n A\p-k-cn-p-I-bm-sW-n,
\n-fpsS hnizm-k-n\ptijw Ah \nsf Ahn-izm-kn-I-fmn ]nn-cn-npI-Xs
sNpw. Cv hnizm-kn-I- am{X-amWv \_n(-k)sb ]n]-p--Xv. B hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv
]d-bp-Ib
- m-Wv: temIshn-sSbpw Znhkw amdp-n-, Fn-cns hnhcw hp-In-nbtijw
apkvenw `qcn-]--ns CwKn-X--sf-m\pw ]n]-n-bm (Jn_vebp--Xn\nv
hyXykvX-amb Zn\--fn t\mv, s]cp-m, Ad-^-Zn\w XpS-n-bh BN-cn-)
\n A{I-an-I Xs-bm-bn-cn-pw (ABw: 116 Iqn-hm-bn-pI). _Jd: 120 hni-Zo-
180
JpB\ns Bmhv
I-cWw t\mp-I.
146. \mw {Kw \I- s - - h v AXdnbpwA- h - c psS asf Adn- b p- Xpt]mse. \nbw Ah- c n\n- p Hcp hn`mKw Adn- p- s Imv
bYmyw aqSn-shpI -X-s-bm-Wv.
CtX Bi-b-n-ep kqw ABw: 20-epw hn-p-v. B kqw Ah-km-\np-Xv C-s\-bm-Wv. BcmtWm kzs (Ah-c-h-cmXs) \-s-Sp-n-b-Xv,
Ah Hcn-epw hniz-kn-p-Ib
- n-. {Kw \I-s PqX-ss{I-kvXh
- v Cu Jn_veamw
bYm-n Am-lp-hn\n-p-X
- m-sWpw temI-ns tI{-amb a-bn C_vdmloapw Ckvam-Cuepw ]WnX Am-lp-hns `h\amb IA-_bmWv Jn_ve BtIsXpw, bYm-n Ah-cpsS Ipn-Isf Adn-bp--Xn-ep-]cn Adn-bm-am-bn-cpp.
Ah-cn-semcp hn`mKw bYmyw Adn-psImv aqSn-sh-p-I-bm-bn-cp-p.
b-Avcn^q-\-lp F-Xnse "lp' Bdv Bi-b-ap-smppv. (1). {Kw \Is--hv Amlp-hns\ Ah-cpsS asf Adn-bp--Xn-ep-]cn Adn-bpw. (2). {Kw
\Is--hv ]nim-Nns\ Ah-cpsS asf Adn-bp--Xn-ep-]cn Adn-bpw. (3). Kw
\I-s-hv apl-Zv \_nsb Ah-cpsS asf Adn-bp--Xn-ep-]cn Adn-bpw. (4).
{Kw \I-s--hv Jn_ve amw Ah-cpsS asf Adn-bp--Xn-ep-]cn Adn-bpw. (5).
{Kw \I-s--hv B {K-s Ah-cpsS asf Adn-bp--Xn-ep-]cn Adn-bpw.
(6). Ah-chsc- Ah-cpsS asf Adn-bp--Xn-ep-]cn Adn-bpw Cu Bdv Bi-b-fpw
Chn-sS -{]-k--hp-am-Wv. Cv {Kw Jp-B am{X-am-Wv. Atm Jp-B-\ns Bib-n\n-mWv Am-lp-hn-s\-p-dnpw ]nim-Nn-s\-p-dnpw \_n-sb-p-dnpw Jn_ve
am-ns bmYmy-s-p-dnpw {K-s-p-dnpw Ah-c-h-sc-p-dnpw Fmw a\n-emt-Xv. Anbm-Av: 10-, \nbw \nv \n-sf-p-dnv Hman-n-p-smcp
{Kw \mw Cd-n-bn-p-v. Atm \n Nnn-p-nt Fp-]-d-n-p-v. _Jd:
147. kXyw \ns DS-a-bn\n-pXmIppAtm \o Hcn-epw kwi-bmep--fn s]p-t]m-I-cp-Xv.
Ben-Cw-dm: 60- Cu kqw Bhn-p-p-v. bq\pkv 108, \_n-tbmSv
]d-bm Iev]n-pp: Hm a\p-jy-tc, \nv \n-fpsS \mY-\n \np lJv (JpB) hp-I-gn-p. Atm BcmtWm AXp-]-tbm-Knv kamK-n-em-b-Xv, Atm
Ah-\p-thn Xs-bmWv Ah kamK-n-em-b-Xv. BcmtWm AXn\nv hyXnN-en--Xv, Atm AXns\ (B-m-hn-s\) Xs-bmWv Ah hyXn-N-en-n--Xv. Rm
\n-fpsS ssIIm-cy-Im-shm-p-a-. Jp-B Inn-bhv Hcp Imcy-s-p-dnpw
kwi-b-ap-m-hm ]mSn-. AY-hm, Dm-hp-I-bn-. lnPv: 99-, Atm \o Ddv e`np-Xphsc (a-cWwhsc) \ns dn-\p-th-n Pohn-p-I Fp-]-d-n-p-v. Ddv
e`n-m-\p GI-amKw Jp-B am{X-am-Wv. AlmJ: 51, \nbw AXp Dd-p\Ip kXyw Xs-bm-sW-pw, Ahm-JnA: 95, \nbw CXp (Jp-B) am{XamWv Dd-p-\Ip kXy-sapw ]d-bp-p. dAvZv: 28- Amlp ]d-bpp: Adn-n-cnp-I, Jp-B-\ns Bi-bwsImv lrZ-b-v imnbpw kam-[m-\hpw Ddpw e`n-
A_-Jd (2)
181
pXm-Wv. kzmZv: 6768 Amlp \_n-tbmSv ]d-bm I]npp: Jp-B almb hrmw Xs-bm-Wv, Fm \n AXns\smv Ah-K-Wn-p-t]m-Ip-p.
hn[n-Zn-hkw lJn-\mWv Xq-sapw, Ah-c-h-cpsS {]h-\- Xqw e`n-msX
\-s-Xv Jp-B kq--tfmSv AX \Sn-Xv Imc-W-am-sWpw A-Avdm^v: 89
kq--fn ]d-n-p-v. Jp-B kq--tfmSv aSppw AIbpw ImWn--hcpsS
{]h-\--sfmw hyXnNenn-cn-p-p Fpw As\ Ah-cpsS {]h-\-
\njv^-e-am-bn-tm-bn F-pw kqd: apl--Zv: 89epw, Am-lp-hmWv lJpw Xpem-kp-amb
{K-an-d-n-b-sXv Aqd: 17-epw, Jp-B Xpem-km-sWv lZoZv: 25-epw ]d-n-pv. hn[n-Zn-hkw Fm kap-Zm-b-n\npw Hmtcm kmn-Isf \mw ad-\on sImph-cp--Xpw, tijw \mw Ah-tcmSv: \n \n-fpsS sXfnhv sImph-cnI Fv ]d-bpIbpw sNpw. Atm kXyw Am-lp-hn\n-p Jp-B Xs-bm-sWv Ahv
t_m[y-am-hp-Ibpw, Ah sIn--a--sXmw Ah-cn\nv hyXn-N-env t]mIp--Xp-amWv
Fv Jkzkv: 75- ap-dn-bnv \Inbn-p-v. Atm Cl-n JpB-\ns Bibw
Xpem-kmbpw sXfn-hmbpw D]-tbm-Kn-m--hv ]c-n Ah-cpsS I]pkvX-I-n
Xq-ap-m-bn-cn-p-I-bn-. (A-Bw: 114, bq\p-kv: 94, lqZv: 17,- k-PZ: 23, ap-kn: 31 Iqnhm-bn-p-I). k_-Av: 49 \_n-tbmSv ]dbm Amlp I]n-pp: kXyw hp-Ign-p, C\n anYy Bcw-`n-p-Itbm Bhn-p-Itbm C. _Jd: 2,113,119-121, Ankm-Av: 174,175 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
148. Fm Hmtcmcppw Hcp ey-ap-v. B ey-n-tev Ah -Ahs\ Xncn-p-p. AXp-sImv \n \Ifn-tev tNt-dp-I. \n-
Fhn-sS-bm-bn-cp-mepw \nsf Fm-h-scbpw Amlp sImp-h-cpw.
\nbw Amlp Fm Imcy-pw Ign-hp k-i--\-tm.
BcmtWm Jp-B-\m-Ip kamKw D]-tbm-KnXv, Ahv kamKw hnn-p-sIm-Sp-p-I-bpw, Ahv `b-`n \Ip-Ibpw sNp-sav kqd: aplZv: 17- ]dn-p-v. ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I-\mb Amlp \njv]--hm-\m-Wv. Ah Bscbpw kzKntetm \c-I-n-tetm Bp-n-. Fm Hmtcm-cp-pw Hmtcm ey-ap-v. hnizmkn-I-fpsS eyw kzK-n-te-p-Xs Xncn-p-t]m-I-em-Wv. \S---fnepw Ccp--fnepw InS--fnepw Fp-th Fm-bvtmgpw, Fhn-sSbpw Ah B ey-{]m-]vXnp-thn \ne-sIm-pw. Ah-cpsS Nn, kwkm-cw, {]hrn, ss]Xr-I- Fmw
Am-lp-hns krn-Iv KpW-{]-Z-amb cq]-nepw Amlp Xr]vXn-s hn[-nepam-bn-cn-pw. \n-fn (a-\p-jy-cn) Ghpw D-a Jp-B-\ns Bibw ]Tn-pIbpw ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNp--h-\m-Wv Fv \_n(-k) ]Tn-nXv Pohn-X-n ]menp-hv am{Xta Cu kz`mhw e`n-pI-bp-q. a\pjy\v Ah Dt-inv {]hn-X-msX C Fv \Pvav: 39- ]d-n-p-v. GXv {]hrn sNp-tmgpw lrZ-b-nte-mWv Amlp t\mp--Xv, lrZ-b-ns Ah- t\mn-bmWv GXv {]hrnbpw
kzoIm-cy-am-Ip--Xv. CXv XbmWv Bi-b-a-dn-bmsX Jp-B HmX-cpsXv \_n (k)
]Tn-n--Xns s]mcp-fpw. Jp-B-\ns Bi-bw-sImv Amlv F kvac-W-bn-msX
\a-kvI-cn-m AXv ]nim-Nn-\p-- \a-kvIm-c-ambn amdp--Xm-Wv.
"\-bn-tev tNt-dpI' Fv kq-n ]dXnse \-I Jp-B-\ns
182
JpB\ns Bmhv
Bi-bw- X-s-bm-Wv. Cu ey-an-msX Pohn-p--h-scmw Fm Hmtcm 1000-epw 999

\c-I-n-te-mWv Fv \_n (-k) ]Tn-n--h-cns]v \c-I-n t]mIp--h-cm-bn-cnpw.
Xu_: 100- Amlp ]d-bpp: kXy-hn-izm-k-ntep W-n-\p-cw \Ip-Xn BZy-ambn aptmph aplm-Pn-dp-I-fn\npw Akm-dp-I-fn \np-ap-hcpw,
Ahsc Ghpw \- \ n- e v kXy- k - - c mbn ]n]- nb- h - c p- a p- tm, Amlp
AhscsXmpw, Ahs\sXmv Ahcpw Xr]vXnsn-cn-p-p. Amlp Ahp-thn
kzK-q-tm-p-I Hcp-n-sh-n-p-v, AXns Xmgv`m-K--fn-eqsS \Zn-I Hgp-In-sImn-cn-pw, AhcXn Fspw \nXy-hm-kn-I-fpam-bn-cn-pw. AXp Xs-bmWv almb hnP-bw.
hnNm-c-W-bn-msX kzK-n t]mIp--h-cmWv km_n-Jo- (apI-S--h),
Zp\n-bm-hnshpXs Jp-B\ns Bibw D]-tbm-Knp hnNm-cW \S-n-b-h-cpw,
liv: 18s Bibw Dsm-p-sImv \mtf-p-thn kzKw ChnsS ]Wn-X-h-cpw,
Jp-B-\ns Bibw ap--hv ]Tn-n-p-sImv Bfp-Isf kzK-n-tev \bn-m
HmSn-\-S-p--h-cp-am-W-h. Ah BZy-Im-e-mcn\nv Hcp sNdnb hn`m-Khpw, Ahkm\Imemcn \nv hfsc Ipdpt]cpw am{X-am-sWv AhmJnA: 10-14 kq-fnepw, Chp-thn kzK-ns hmXn-ep-I Xpd--sp InS-p-I-bm-sWv kzmZv:
50epw ]d-n-p-v. Ch-cn BcmWv Ah-km\ Ime-L---fn \nphscv \_n
(k) ]Tn-n-Xv _Jd: 3s hni-Zo-I-c-W-n ImWmw. ^mXzn: 32- Amlp ]dbpp: ]ns \psS ASn-a-I-fn\nv \mw sXc-s-Sp--hsc {K-ns A\--cmh-Imiw G]n-p. Atm Ah-cn kz-tmSv A{Iaw {]hn--h-cp-v (CS-Xp]--m) Ah-cn anXXzw ]menv {Ks ]n]-n-b-h-cp-ap-v (h-e-Xp-]--m).
Am-lp-hns thpI-sImv \-bn-tev apI-S--hcpw (km-_n-Jo-) Ah-cn-epv. AXp-X-s-bmWv hn t{ijvT-X. _Jd: 28,106107 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
149. \o Fhn-tSv ]pd-s-mepw \ns apJw akvPn-Zp ldm-ans `mK-tv
Xncn-p-I. \nbw, AXv \ns dn-\n-p bmYmyw Xs-bmWv. \n {]hn-p--Xn-s\-p-dnv Amlp A{i--\--X-s.
150. \o Fhn-tSv ]pd-s-mepw \ns apJw akvPn-Zp ldm-ans `mK-tv
Xncn-p-I. \n Fhn-sS-bm-bn-cp-mepw \n-fpsS apJw AXns `mKtv \n Xncn-p-I. \n-fpsSta P\n\v Hcp \ymbhpw (hm-Zhpw) Cm- X n- c n- m thn. Ah- c n\n- p A{I- a n- I sm- g n- v .
Atm \n Ahsc `b-s-S-cp-Xv, \n Fs `b-s-Sp-I, \nfpsSta Fs A\p-{Klw ]qo-I-cn-p--Xn-\p-th-n-bpw, \n
kmKw {]m]n--h- Xsbmbn-cn-Ww F-Xn-\p-th-n-bpw (A-Xn-\mWv
Jn_ve \n-bn--Xv)
hnizm-kn-I-fpsS PohnXw Ftmgpw Am-lp-hns\ tI{o-I-cnp-sIm-p--Xm-Wv.
AXn\p-thnbmWv Am-lp-hp-am-bp-fpf ap\m-Pm-mb (Iq-Sn-m-gvNb
- m-b) \a-kvIm-c
- n
Am-lp-hns {]Xo-Ia
- mb Jn_vept\sc Xncn-bp-X
- v. \a-kvIm-c
- n am{X-a
- , t\mv,
s]cp-m, lv, Ad-^ XpSnb Fm hnj-b--fnepw, Fm-bvtm-gpw lrZ-bw-sImv
A_-Jd (2)
183
Jn_ve Zin-p-Ibpw ico-cs AXns `mK-tv Xncn-p-Ibpw thWw. Atm

\a-kvIm-c-n "Jn_ve-pt\sc Xncn-bpp' Fv ]d-b-e-, adnv lrZ-bwsImv IAv_sb Zin-pIbm-Wv sNt--Xv. Jp-B-\n-s\bpw IA_-sbbpw t\mn-bn-cn-
]pWy-am-sWv \_n (k) ]Tn-n-ncn-p-p. hnizm-kn-I Hcp icocw IWs Fm
hnj-b-nepw sFIy-s-tS-Xn\pw Ah-cpsS apgp-h {ibpw Fm-bvtmgpw Htc
tI{-n-tepw Htc ey-n-te-p-ambncnWw FXn\p-th-n-bpamWv Jn_ve
\n-bn-np--Xv. A{I-an-I-fmb P\-Xbvv Fv Zrmw sImp-h-mepw Ah
hniz-kn-p-Itbm Jzn_ve-sb AwKo-I-cn-p-Itbm sNp-I-bn-. hnizm-kn-I Ccw
A{I-an-I-fmb \ntj-[n-Isf A\p-k-cn-p-Itbm `b-s-Sp-Itbm sNp-I-bn-. adnv Amlp-hns\ am{Xta A\p-k-cn-p-Ibpw `b-s-Sp-I-bp-ap-q. Hcp {km-hv, Hcp temIw, Hcp
Jn_ve, Hcp {]hm-N-I, Hcp s]cp-m, Hcp Ad-^, Hcp lv, Hcp Pohn-X-amKw
CXmWv Ckvemw. al-mb A\p-{Klamb Cu Ckvemw l-p hnZm-C ]qnbm-n-bn-p-sv am-CZ: 3 ]d-n-p-v.
Ckvemw {ItaW ]ncn-bp-S-p XpS-n. \_n (-k) v app Pmln-en-v hnhn[
cq]-n Fm-bn-S--fnepw Cv {]ISam-Wv. ako-lp--m-ens ]pd-s-StemsS temIw
apgp-h-\mbn Ip^vdv hyh \S-n-em-hp-tm Jp-B kv]in-m-, tIm
Am-lp-hns krn-Iv Ckvem-ans\ ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-p-hm Cukm \_n hcn-I-bpw,
IAv_ tI{o-I-cnv temIw apgp-h `cn-p-Ibpw sNpw. bYm Ckvemw AmWv
temIv samw ]pe-cp-I. Cv Jp-B aqSn-h-v Ckvem-ans\bpw apl-Zv \_nsbbpw If-hmn P\-fpsS apn Ah-X-cn-n-ph Xs-bmWv Im^n-dp-Ifpw \cI-ns hndIpsav \_n (-k) ]Tn-n-Xv BenCwdm 10-mw kq-ns hni-Zo-I-cW-n hmbn-p-I. \_n(-k) aKvcn_v \a-kvIm-c-ti-jhpw kp_vlv \a-kvImctijhpw
aqv {]mhiyw Cs\ {]mn-n-cp-p: Rm Am-lp-hns\ dm-bpw, Ckvem-ans\
Zo\m-bpw, apl--Zns\ \_nbpw dkq-ep-ambpw Xr]vXn-s-n-cn-p-p. _Jd: 53, Ben-Cwdm: 103, AAvdm^v: 158, \lv: 15, kpKvdp-^v: 10 XpS-nb kq--sfmw \n
kamKw {]m]n-pI Xs-th-W-sa Bi-b-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bmWv Ah-km-\n-p-Xv.
151. \n-fn\npw \nv Hcp {]hm-N-Is\ \ntbm-Kn--Xp-t]mse, Atlw
\nv \psS kq- hnh-cnpXcn-Ibpw \nsf kwkvI-cn-pIbpw \nv {Khpw XXz-m-\hpw ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw, \nv Adnbm--sXm-sbpw ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNp-p.
{]hm-N-Is\ \ntbm-Kn--Xp-t]mses-bmWv Jn_ve \n-bn-Xpw FmWv
CXns hnh. {]hm-N-Is PohnXw Pohn-X-n ]In P\-n-S-bn
kmywhlnv, Jn_ve AwKo-I-cnv Fm hnj-b-nepw sFIy-sv \oXnbpw \ymbhpw
]men-p Hcp Daa[ya kap-Zm-b-ambn Pohn-p--Xn-\p-th-n-bmWnXv (_-Jd: 143
Iqn-hmbnpI). Fm Adn-hp-Ifpw Dsm-p Jp-B-\ns Bibw D]-tbm-K-sSpn kzbw kwkvIc
- n-p-Ibpw ap-h
- sc kwkvIc
- n-n-p-Ibpw sNbvXv `qansb AXns
kp-en-Xmhbn \ne-\nm ]cn-{i-an--W-sapw Ievn-p-p. _Jd: 129 hniZo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
184
JpB\ns Bmhv
152. Atm \n Fs Hmnp- I , Fm Rm \n- s fbpw

Hmnpw. F\nv \n \n-{]I-Sn-np-I, FtmSv \n \n-sI-h-cm-Im-Xn-cn pIbpw sNpI.
Am-lp-hns\ HmpI Fp]d-m, Amlp lrZ-bfpsS Ah Adn-bp-h-\mWv F t_m[-n Fm-bvtmgpw \ne-sIm-emWv. Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-bn kqn-pI Fv kmcw. _pnamam- \S---fnepw Ccp---fnepw InS-fn-ep-samw Am-lp-hns\ Hmn-p--hcmWv Fv Ben-Cw-dm: 190-191--epw,
\n \akvImcw ]qn-bm-nbm Am-lp-hns\ \ndp---fn-epw, Ccp---fnepw, ]miz--fnepw kvacn-pI Fv An-km-Av: 103--epw, \n PpapA \a-kvImcw
]qn-bm-bn--gn-m `qan-bn k-cn-p-I-bpw, Am-lp-hns\ [mcm-f-ambn kvacnp-I--\n- hnPbw hcn-p--Xn\v thn Fv PpapA: 10--epw, Am-lp-hns kvacW
AYhm Jp-B-\ns Bibw \ne-\nm-\mbn \a-kvImcw \ne-\npI Fv Xzmlm:
14-epw ]d-n-p-v. \n\v Znhy-k-t-i-ambn \Inb Jp-B Xnem-hv sNp-Ibpw, ]ns \a-kvImcw \ne-\np-Ibpw sNp-I, \nbw \a-kvImcw \oNhpw \nIr-hp-amb {]h-\sfsXmv XS-bpIXs sNpw. Ghpw hepXv Jp-B-\ns
BibwsImv Am-lp-hns kvacW \ne-\n Xs-bm-Wv Fv AI-_q-v:
45- ]d-n-p-v. Ckm: 3, Amlp Fm a\-jypw cnsemcp hgn--H-pIn \n-{]-I-Sn-n-p-Xv, As-n \nsI hgn-sX-sc-s-Sp-m-\p kzmX{yw
\Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp Fp-]-d-n-p-v. \o \ns dns\ \ns \^vkvsImv (lrZb-n) hn\o-X\
- mbpw Dn-s-bp-n `b-s-p-sImpw \mhp-sImv "Amlv' Fp]dbmsXbpw kvacn-Wsav AAvdm^v: 205- \_n-tbmSv Iev]n-n-p-v. Bmhv ]sSp-m (lr-Z-bw-sImv kvacn-m-) ico-cw-sIm-p \a-kvImcw kzoI-cn--s-Sp-Ibn-sp am{X-a-, inn--s-Sp-Ibpw sNp--Xm-Wv. lrZ-bns Ah Adn-bp-h\mWv Amlp Fv Jp-B ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-pp. Cu Am-lp-hns\ ]cn-N-b-anmsX \mhp-sImv ]d-mte Amlp tIp-I-bpq, Adn-bp-I-bpq Fv IcpXp hnth-I-an-m--hcpsS, {]m-iq-\y-cpsS Iq-n \o s]p-t]m-I-cpXv Fpw
Iev]n-n-p-v. Jp-B-\ns Bi-bw-sImv am{X-am-Wv Fm-bvtmgpw "Amlv' F
kvacW \ne-\nn PohnXw apgp-h Am-lp-hn\v thn-bp--Xm-m km[n-p-I.
_Jd: 99-s hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. ]nimNv Amlv F kvac-W-bn\nv XSbmthn Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n \nmWv XS-bp-I-sbv AAvdm^v: 175, amCZ: 9091, ^pJm: 29, kpKvdp-^v: 36, apPm-Zne: 19 Fo kq--fn\nv a\-n-emmw.
apl-Zvv: 7 hnizm-kn-Isf hnfn-p-sImv Amlp ]d-bpp: \n Am-lp-hns\
klm-bn-p-I-bm-sW-n Ah \nsf klm-bn-p-I-bpw, \n-fpsS ]mZ-sf kXyamK-n Dd-n-p-\np-Ibpw sNpw. Am-lp-hns\ klm-bn-p-I-sb-p-]-d-m
Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-s Pohn-n--em-Wv. (bm-ko: 1011 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd:
28,102,114-115 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
Amlpth Rsf \o \ns kvacn-p--hcpw \n {]I-Sn-np-h-cp-am-t-Wta, Rsf \o \ntj-[n-Ifpw \-s--h-cp-am-t. A-m-lp-th, Fs \o \ns
kvacn-p--h\pw \n\v \n {]I-Sn-n-p--h\pw \ns Ghpw \\nev tkhn-p-h-\p-am-t-Wta F \_n(-k) ]Tn-n Cu {]m\ Ftmgpw {]mn-pI
A_-Jd (2)
185
153. Hm hnizm-kn-It- f, a-sImpw \a-kvIm-cw-sImpw \n klmbw tXSphn, \nbw Amlp am-ep--tfm-sSm--a-tm.

\a-kvImcw sImv Dt-in-p-Xv {]m-\-bm-Wv. Bh-iy-ap--sXmw \a-kvImc-n Xs tNmZn--Ww. kpPq-Zn-emWv ASna DS-a-bp-ambn Pohn-X-n Ghpw kmao]y-n \ne-sIm-p-Xv, AXp-sImv \n kpPq-Zn PnlmZv \S-p-I Fv \_n(k) ]Tn-n-n-pv. ChnsS PnlmZv \S-p I Fp]d-m tNmZn-m-\p--sXmw
kpPq-Zn tNmZn--Ww, AYhm kpPq-Zn tNmZn-nv Inm-Xv as-hnsS tNmZn-mepw
Inp-I-bn. Fm Imcy-pw Ckvem-an \a-kvImcap-v. Jp-B-\ns Bibw \ne\nm thn-bmWv \a-kvImcw (Xzml: 14). \oNhpw \ny-hp-amb {]hn-I-sfsmv XS-bm \a-kvImcw kzoI-cn--sSpI-bn-, am{X-a-, B \a-kvImcw aptJ\
Ah inn--s-Sp-Ibpw sNpw (AI-_qv: 45, amDu: 4) \a-kvIm-c-n-em-bmepw
Bi-b-an-msX Jp-B- HmX-cp-sXv \_n(-k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. (Ah Jp-B HmXpw,
Fm AXv sXmv Xmsg Cd-p-I-bn-, AXp-hgn Ah hnn\nv Av sXdnp-t]m-Ip--Xp-t]mse Zo\n\nv sXdn-p-t]m-Ipw) Fpw \_n(-k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v.
AYhm Bi-b-a-dn-bmsX Jp-B HmXn-bm hnn\nv Av sXdn-p-t]m-Ip
thKn Zo\n\nv sXdn-p-t]m-Ip--Xm-Wv. Atm k-{]-[m\w "Amlv' F
kvac-W-X-s-bm-Wv. AXv Jp-B-\ns samw Bi-bw-sImv am{Xta Inp-I-bp-q.
a:Amlp ImWp-pv, Adn-bp-pv, \bpw Xn-bp-amb FmImcy-fpw
Am-lp-hn\n-p--XmWv, tcmKw, B]-v, `bw, \w, kXy-amK-n-ep FXnv
XpS-nb Fm {]Xn-kn L-f
- nepw ]co-W
- L
- -
- f
- nepw Am-lp-hn `c-tanv
Am-lp-X-s-bmWv Fs DSa, Rm C, Am-lp-hmWv Fs `qan-bn-tev sImph-Xv, Ah-\mWv Fs ChnsS \ne-\np--Xv, Rm Ah-\n-te-p-Xs Xncn-pt]m-tI--h-\p-am-Wv F t_m[-n Fmw klnv sh{]m-f-an-msX \ne-sIm-emWv a.
a Cuam-\ns ]Ip-Xn-bm-sWv {]hm-N-I ]Tn-n-n-p-v. epJvam: 17-,
epJvam Xs aIs\ D]tZin-Xmbn ]dbp-p: \o \a-kvImcw \ne-\np-I, JpB\ns Iev]-\-Ismv Ievn-p-I, -Jp-B-\ns hntcm-[-sImv hntcm-[np-I, Atm-gp-m-Ip FXnv kln-p-Ibpw sNp-I. AXp-X-s-bmWv Pohn-X-eyw kmm-XvI-cn-m-\p- sscy-ns amKw. Aq_v, Ckvam-Cu, CZvcokv,
ZpJn^ven Chscpdnv ]cmaintijw An-bm-Av: 85- Amlp ]d-bp-p: Ahscmw am-ep--fn s]-h-cm-bn-cp-p. Alvkm-_v: 35-, am-ep--fmb ]pcpjampw, am-ep--fmb kv{XoIpw Amlp ]m]-tam-N-\-hpw, al-mb {]Xn^-ehpw Hcp-n-sh-n-pv Fp-]-d-n-p-v. AlvJm-^v: 35 Amlp \_n-tbmSv
]d-bpp: "Dep Akvan's] {]hm-N-Iam an--Xp-t]mse \obpw an-p-I, AhcpsS Imcy-n \o [rXn-s-ScpXv. (_Jd: 249, BenCwdm: 146,186,200, A^m: 66,
dAvZv: 24, \lv: 126, Aqd: 43, AAkv: 13 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). \nbw Amlp
am-ep--fpsS IqsS-bm-sW Bi-b-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv A^m: 46 Ah-km-\n-p-
Xv. _Jd 44-46 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
154. Am-lp-hns amK-n h[n--s--hsc acn--h-scv \n ]d-b-cpXv.
186
JpB\ns Bmhv
A, Ah Pohn-n-cn-p--h-cm-Wv. ]t \n AXv Xncn--dn-bp-n.
Amlp _Zv bp-ap-m-n-bXv, kXyw apkvenw-I-fpsS `mK-m-tWm, apivcn-pI-fpsS `mK-mtWm Fv thXncn--dnbnm-\msW-n (A^m: 19,41) DlvZv bpw
apkvenw-I-fn\n-p-X-s-bp I]-S-hn-izmkn-I-sfbpw hnizmkn-I-sfbpw Xncn--dn-bm\mbncpp (BenCwdm: 166-167). bp-n h[n--s--hscpdn-v, Ah Rsf
A\p-k-cnv R-tfm-sSmw bpn\nv amdn\nncp--s-n Cs\ Zmcp-W-ambn
h[n--s-Sp-am-bn-cpn F I]-S-hn-izmkn-I-fpsS P]-\-v adp-]-Sn-bmbnmWv
Cu kqw Ah-X-cn-n-p-Xv. Am-lp-hns amK-n h[n--s--h acn--h-cmsWv \n IWpIqt-. Ah X-fpsS dn-s-b-Sp- Fm-hn[ A\p-{K-lfpw Bkz-Zn-p-sImv kzKo-bP
- o-hn-X
- n Bm-Zn-p-k
- n-p-sIm-n-cn-p-Ib
- pw, Ahtcm-sSmw tNcm Bfp-Iv (bp--n ]s-Sp-p-Ibpw Fm ckmnXzw
hln-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNbvX-h) `b-s-Sm\pw ZpxJn-m\pw CS-h-cn-I-bn-tm F
ktm-j-m ]pfIw sImp--h-cp-am-Wv. (BenCwdm: 168-172 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
Am-lp-hns amK-n h[n--s c-km-nIsf hnfnv {]mnpIbpw,
Ahv t\-h-gn-]m-Sp-I t\cp-Ibpw sNbvXm, Ahcn\nv klmbw e`n-p-sa
hnizmkw aqVhpw \ntj[-hp-am-Wv. Ccw hnizm-km-Nm-c- hp-]p-ep-h-v
adp-]Sn \In-smv ^mXzn: 14- Amlp ]d-bp-p: \n Ahsc hnfn-m
\n-fpsS hnfn Ah tIp-I-bn-, C\n tImXs \nh adp-]Sn \IpI-bn-. Jnbm-ap\mfntem Ah \n-fpsS ]p-tN-ens\ \ntj-[n-p--Xp-am-Wv.
cp-Iq--scbpw Hcp-an-p-Iq-p \mfn Ah Chs-Xn-cmbn hcp ]m-f-m-cm-bn-cnp-sav bmko: 75- ]d-bp-p. AlvJm^v: 56 kq--fn, Am-lp-hns\qSmsX
Bsc hnfnp {]mn-p-pthm Ahv Jnbm-ap\mhsc Dcw \Im km[np-I-bn-spw, Ah Ch-cpsS hnfn-sb-p-dnv Adn-hn-m--h-cm-sWpw, P\-sf
apgp-h Hcp-anp Iqp \mfn Ah Chs-Xnsc hcp i{Xp--fm-sW-pw, ChcpsS hnfnbpw t\-h-gn-]m-Sp-I-fp-w CS-tX-SepI-fp-w ip]mi-msc sh-ep-samw Ah
\ntj-[n-p-sapw ]d-bp-p. ^pJm: 1718 Fm-h-scbpw Hcp-an-p-Iq-p hn[n-Zn-hk-\m-fn alm-m--tfmSv: Fs Cu ASn-a-Isf hgn-]n-g-n-Xv \n-fmtWm AtXm
Ah kzbw hgn-]n-g--XmtWm Fv Amlp tNmZn-p-tm Ah adp-]Sn ]dbpw: \o
]cn-ip-, Rv \ns IqSmsX asm-cm-sfbpw kwc--It\m klm-bntbm Bbn
sXc-s-Sp-m ]mSp-m-bn-cp-n-. Fm Pohn-X-eyw adp Pohn-p--h-cm-bnpw
\o Chpw Ch-cpsS ]nXm-pw Pohn-X-hn-`-h- \In. ]c-tem-Iv hcp
Fm cwK-fpw ]d-p-sIm-Sp-p Jp-B-\ns Bibw ad-p-Ihgn Ch HcpsI
(Zpjn) P\X Xs-bm-bn-cpp. Am-lp-hns\ IqSmsX Bsc hnfnp {]mn-ppthm
A-h Hpw-Xs krn-n-n-sp am{X-a, AhXs krn--s--h-cm-Wv, Ah
acn-h
- c
- m-Wv,- Po-hn-n-cn-p-h
- t]mep-a
- , FmWv ]p\o-hn-n-s
- -SpI Fp-t]mepw
Adn-bm--h-cm-W-h F Bi-b-n-ep A-lv: 20-21- kq-sf Ah-K-Wn-psImv alm-m--sfbpw ipl-Zm--sfbpw hnfnp {]mn-m-sav A\p-bm-bn-I-tfmSv
]d-bp--h, Jnbm-ap\mfn Hgn-p-am-dp cwKw Jkzkv: 6265 hni-Zo-I-cn-npv.
A_-Jd (2)
187
acWw Hcp \-ambn KWn-p-Xv I]-S-hn-izmkn-I-fm-Wv. Ah ac-W-tm-SpIqSn

\c-I-n-tev t]mIp-p. Fm, hnizm-kn-I ac-W-tm-Sp-IqSn kzKn-tev Xncnp-t]m-hp-Ibpw bYm PohnXw Bcw`np-Ibpw sNp-p.
155. \n- b - a m- b pw `bw, hni- v , [\- \ - w, imco- c n- I - \ - w, hnf- \ m- i w
XpSnbhbneqsS \mw \nsf ]co-n-p-IX
- s sNpw. Atm amep-v ktm-j-hm Adn-bn-p-I.
156. Ahv Hcp hn]v _m[n-m Ah ]d-bpw: \nbw R Xs
Am-lp-hn-\pXpw Ah-\n-tev Xncn-p-t]m-tI--h-cp-a-tm.
157. Aq-cpsS-ta X-s-bmWv X-fpsS dn-\n-p A\p-{K-l-fpw
Imcp-Wyhpw hjn-p-Xpw, Aq- am{X-amWv kmKw {]m]n--h-cpw.
AI-_q-v: 23 kq--fn Amlp ]d-bpp: a\p-jy hniz-knp Fp]-dXp-sImv am{Xw Ahsc ]co-n--s-SmsX hnt-p-sav IcpXppthm?, \nbw
Ahv app--hscbpw \mw ]co-n-n-pv. \n-bw, Ah-cn\nv Ifhv ]d-bp-h Bcm-sW-pw, kXy-k-am Bcm-sWpw Am-lp-hn-\-dn-bp-Xn-\pth-n
({XnIme-m-\n-bmb Am-lp-hn\v Adn-bp--Xn\pthn FXns hnh-, Ahs
{]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmb hnizm-kn-Ip-th-n Fm-Wv). \nbw \mw a\p-jys\ (ico-cw)
BWn-sbpw s]n-sbpw an{in-X-amb tcX-kvIW (\pXp^v) n \nmWv krn-np-Xv, \apv Ahs\ ]co-n-p--Xn-\p-thn Fv Ckm: 2 ]d-n-p-v.
kzKn krn--s a\p-jysc `qan-bn-tev Ab-p-Xv {km-hns\ Is-pI, Ah-c-hsc Xncn--dn-bp-I, {kmhv \Inb A\p-{K-l--fp-]-tbm-Kn-p-sImv ChnsS
kzKw ]Wn-bp-I F Pohn-X-eyw kmm-XvI-cn-m-\m-Wv. apI-fn sImSp-- kq-n-eqsS Amlp A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNp-Xv {]hm-N-I-s\bpw IdIf hnizm-knI-sf-bp-am-Wv. Cl-temIw ]co--W-am-sWpw Hmtcmcp-cp-sSbpw hn[n \n-bn-n-pspw, AXv Hmtcm-cp--cp-sSbpw ]nc-Sn-bn _n-n-p-spw Ckvdm-Av: 13- ]dbp-p.
Cu Imcy--sfmw lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn ImWn-p-X-cp Jp-B-\ns Bi-bamWv "_kzm-C' (Dm-gvN-Zm-b-Iw). AXp]-tbm-Knv Fmw DS-a-bmb Am-lp-hnt\mSv ]dv Ah-s\-smv Xs hn[n Xncp-n-n-p-I-bmWv hnizm-kn-I sNp-Xv. \_n (-k) ]Tn-n-p: {]m-\-sIm--m-sX hn[n amsSp-Ibn. C_vdmlnw 1,
"Ah-c-h-cpsS DS-a-bpsS CwKn-X-tm-Sp-IqSn' Fp]d--Xns Xm]cyw Hmtcm-cp-cpw
H-bvsm-bvv Am-lp-hn-t\mSv {]mnv Ah-c-h-cpsS hn[n \n-bn-Ww Fm-Wv
(BenCwdm: 185 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I)
Fm, {]m\ kzoI-cn--s-Sm _Jd: 186- cv D]m-[n-I ]d-n-p-v.
(1) Am-lp-hns hnfnv Dcw \Ip-I, (2) Am-lp-hn hniz-kn-thn[w hnizkn-pI. hniz-kn-pI Fp]d-m, Jp-B kan-p hn[-n Am-lphn hniz-kn-emWv. Am-lp-hn-s hnfnv Dcw \IpI Fp]d-m, _Jd:
38- ]d lpZsb ]n]-n Pohn--em-Wv. Cu Jp-B-\m-Ip lpZm ]n]n Pohn-
188
JpB\ns Bmhv
p--hscbmWv "aplvX-Zo-' Fp]d-bp-Xv. lqZv: 6 Amlp ]d-bpp: `qanbn Pohn-p Hcp Poh-Pm-e-hp-an-A-Xns `Ww Am-lp-hns ]-embnsmm-sX. AXns ]mn-Shpw, Ah-km\w AsXhnsS sN-p-sapw (AXns tKmUu) Ah\dn-bp-p. Fmw hy-am-sbmcp {K-n tcJ-s-Sp-n-bn-p-apv. 7,
\n-fn Ghpw `wKn-bmbn Iw sNp-Xv Bscv ]co-n-p--Xn-\p-th-n BImi--sfbpw `qan-sbbpw Bdp-\m-fp-I-fn krjvSn--h\mWv Am-lp. AXn\papv Ahs
knwlm-k\w (B-[n-]-Xyw) sh-nta-em-bn-cp-p Fpw ]d-n-p-v. (Ilv^v: 7,
apIv: 2 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). \nbw P\- \ns-Xn-cn Hcp-an-p-Iq-Sn-bn-pv,
Atm \n Ahsc `b-s-SpI Fv hnizm-kn-ItfmSv ]
- d
- b
- s
- -m, Ahv hnizmkw
hn-p-I-bpw, R-fpsS Imcy- t\mm Amlp aXn, Ah F{X \ ssIImcy-Imhv Fp-]-d-bp--h-cp-amWv Ahscv Ben-Cw-dm: 173 ]d-n-p-v. (BenCw-dm: 186, amCZ: 94, A-Bw: 165, Xu_: 51, An-bm-Av: 35, lv: 70, ^mXzn: 11, apl-Zv: 31, lZoZv: 22 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 5,28,46 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
158. \n-b-am-bpw k^mbpw ahxbpw Am-lp-hns AS-bm-f--fns--XmIp-p. Atm BcmtWm lv As-n Dwd \n-ln-m Dt-in-v
Amlp-hns `h-\-n-se-n-bXv, Ah cpw Npp--Xn Ahsta
hntcm-[-an-. Bsc-nepw Hcp \ kzta-[bm {]hn-m \n-b-am-bpw
Amlp AXv hne-a-Xn-p--h\pw Adn-bp--h-\p-am-Wv.
CkvamCu \_n-bpsS amXmhv lmPd, Ipnv shw At\z-jnv k^m Ipnt
Ibdn Npp-]mSpw t\mp-Ibpw AhnsS shw ImWm-t- m ahxbn-tev t]mhpIbpw,
ah Ipn-t Ibdn Npp-]mSpw sh-n-\p-thn t\mpIbpw sNbvXp. shw
InmsX h-tm CXv Ggp {]mhiyw Bhn-p. Atm-tgpw Ipn-bpsS Ime-Snbn\n-p-Xs "kwkw' s]mn-sbm-gp-In. lmP-d-bpsS Cu \S-s A\p-kva-cn-psm-mWv k^m ah-xbpsS CS-bn-ep \Sw ln-sbpw Dwd-bp-sSbpw A\pjvTm\ I--fn Ds-Sp-n-bnp--Xv. Cu cv ae-bn-Sp-p-InS-bn-ep Ncn
ev Ah-cpsS \Sw IqSp-X thK-X-bn-em-bn-cp-p. Cv ] Syq_v ssevsImv
AS-bm-f-sSpnb B ev thK-n \S-pXn-ep-]cn HmSp-IXs thWw.
Ime-{I-taW Ckvam-Cu a ]nXm-a-l-m-cpsS amK-n\nv hyXn-N-en-pIbpw _nw_- m]n-p-Ibpw Ahsb Bcm-[n-p-Ibpw sNbvXp XpSn. 360 _nw_ IA-_bnsh Ah "Ckm^v' F _nw_w k^mbnepw, "\mCe' F _nw_w
ah-xbnepw \mnbncp-p. Cu _nw_- "Ak^' F ]pcp-j-tXpw, "\mCe' F
kv{Xobp-sSXpam-Wv. Ah cp-t]cpw IA-_-ns ]hn-{XX IfpIpfnv IA-_bnshv hy`n-N-cn--Xns t]cn, Amlp Ahsc Ip-I-fmn amp-I-bm-Wp-m-b-Xv.
\mw Dt-in-n-cp-s-n aptmtm ]ntmtm Cf-Im ]m--hn[w Ahsc Hcp
m\v Dd-np\npIXs sNp-am-bn-cp-p Fv bmko: 67- ]d-n-p-v.
]qnI kap-Zm-b-n (Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-I-fn) Am-lp-hns\ [n-cnv ao ]nSn-hsc Ipc--mcpw (_-Jd: 66) Cukm \_n-bpsS {]m-\-p--c-ambn BIm-i-p\n-n-d-nb amCZbn\nv (`--W-f-S-nb X-fn-I) `nv AXns\ \ntj-[n
PqX-msc ]n-I-fpamn amp-Ibpw sNbvXn-p-v (am-CZ: 60). ^mXzn: 14- "Ah
A_-Jd (2)
189
tImXs \nv Ah Dcw \IpI-bn'Fp]d--Xn\nv AhnsS \Sp Ne-\- Cu _nw_-sf Hcp ]oU-\-sa-tmWw Amlp tInncpp
Fpw a\-n-em-m-hp-X
- m-Wv. Fm apl-Zv \_n-bpsS {]m\ ImcWw Cs
P\-Xv C-c-n-ep in-I ]c-tem-I-tv amn-sh-n-cn-bm-Wv.
\_n (-k) P\n-p--Xns Xtehjw Ap ap--en-_n\v kz]v\-n ImWn-X-\p-k-cnv av aqSn-tmb kwkw InW hmcn hrn-bm-n. am hnP-bn\ptijw
lpw Dwdbpw \n-lnncp hnizm-kn-I-fn Nne k^m ah-bn-ep \Sn
\ockw {]I-Sn-n-p--h-cm-bn-cp-p. Ah-cpsS Pmln-en--n ap Nne _nw_-sf
Bcm-[n-n-cp Ah Ckm^v, \mCe Fo _nw_--tfm R-fp-sS- _nw_w
XsbmWv \Xv F hmZn k^m ahbntev Xncn-p t\mm--h-cmbn-cpp. Atm Cu kq-n-eqsS k^m ah-n-S-bn-ep \Sw ln-s-bpw Dwd-bpsSbpw `mK-am-sWv hnizm-kn-Isf ]Tn-n-pI-bmWv. _Jd: 52,152 hni-Zo-I-Ww t\mpI.
159. \n-b-am-bnpw \mw Ah-X-cn-n-n-p sXfn-hp-I-sfbpw kmKsbpw
{K-n P\--pthn \mw hy-am-nb tijhpw AXns\ adp-sh-p--h, Aq-sc Amlp i]n-n-cn-p-p, i]n-p--h-scmw
i]n-psIm-ncnp-p.
160. ]m--]npIbpw I- \m-n-op-Ibpw (ad-p-sh-Xv)
hy-am-p-Ibpw sNbvX-h-scm-gnsI,A-tm Aq--cpsSta Rm
aSpw (A-h-cpsS ]m-m]w kzoI-cn-pw). Rm Gsd ]m-m]w
kzoI-cn-p--h\pw Icp-Wmhmcn-[n-bp-a-tm.
161. \nbw aqSn-sh-p-Ibpw \ntj-[-n-\p-ta \ntj-[n-I-fmbn acn-p-Ibpw
sNp--h, Aq--cpsS taemWv Am-lp-hn-sbpw ae-p-I-fp-sSbpw,
samw a\p-jy-cp-sSbpw im]-ap--Xv.
162. AXn Ah imiz-X-cm-Wv. in Ah-sc-smv eLq-I-cn-p-I-bn-,
Ahv kmh-Imiw \I-s-Sp-I-bp-an-.
Cv {Kw Jp-B am{X-am-Wv, Jp-B-\ns Bib-a-dn-nv ]n]-m-Xn-cn-pIbpw, ap P\-v lrZ-b
- ns `mj-bn ]Tn-np sImSp-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw, AlXbn-msX ]n-X-scv Al--cnv Amlp Xr]vXn-s Pohn-X-n\p]Icw ]nimNns PohnXw \bn-pIbpw ap a\p-jysc AXn-tev \bn-pIbpw sNp a\p-jynim-Np--fmb, Pohn-X-eyw \-s I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-sfp-dnmWv ChnsS ]cm-ainp-Xv. AAv-dm^v: 176- D]-{Z-hn-mepw C-s-nepw amwhcm \mb-tbmSpw, PpapA:
5 hln-pXv Fs--dn-bmsX `mcw hln-p Igp-X-tbmSpw PqX-tcmSpw Chsc
D]-an-n-p-v. _Jd: 174 Am-lp-hns kq- aqSn-sh-p Ch, X-fpsS
hb-dp-I-fn Xo AmsX \nd-pn Fpw, Jnbm-av \mfn Amlp Ah-tcmSv
kwkm-cn-p-Itbm kwkvI-cn-p-Itbm sNmsX, hnNm-cWbnmsX ^n-Hu-s\-tmse
\c-I-ns ASn--n-tev hen-s-dn-b-s-Spsapw (A-n-km-Av: 145) ]d-n-p-v.
(BenCwdm: 8691 Iqn-hm-bn-pI)
190
JpB\ns Bmhv
An-km-Av: 140, Jp-B\ns Bibw hf-sm-Snp JpXp_ \n-ln-p

Ccw ap\m-^n-Jp-I-sfbpw AXv A-ambn tIn-cn-p Im^n-dp-I-sfbpw \c-I-n
Hcp-an-p-Iq-p-sav ]d-n-pv (A-Bw: 68, \lv: 104-107 Iqn-hm-bn-pI). Xlvcow: 9,
Xu_: 73 Fo kq--fn, Hm \_n-tb, Ip^v^m-dp-I-tfmSpw I]-S-hn-izmkn-I-tfmSpw
PnlmZv sNp-I, Ah-tcmSv ]cp-j-ambn s]cp-am-dp-I, \nbw Ah-cpsS aSw \c-I-nte-m-Ip-pF{X- tam-i-s aS---ew Fp]d-np-v. Jp-B aqSn-sh Ccw
Im^n-dp-Isf hnizm-kn-I A\p-k-cn--cp-sX-pw, Ah-tcmSv Jp-BsImv A[n-I-cn
PnlmZv sN-W-sapw ^pJm: 52 Iev]nn-p-v (^-Xvlv: 29, Alvkm-_v: 1,48 Iqnhm-bnpI). Am-lp-hns\ ad-pIbpw Jp-B-\ns\ aqSn-sh-p-Ibpw sNbvX-Xp-sImv
Amlp Ahsc sImn-cn-p-p. Fm Poh-Pm-e-pw AXns \a-kvImc coXnbpw, Am-lp-hns\ hmgvp- coXnbpw Am-lp ]Tn-n-n-p-sv Ckvdm-Av: 44, \q:
41 kq--fn ]d-bp-p-v. Cu Poh-Pm-e-sms Am-lp-hns\ hmgvm\pw
]pI-gvm\pw `qan AXns kp-e-\-n \ne-\nt--Xp-v, AXn-\p GI D]-IcWw Jp-B-\m-Wv. Atm AXns\ aqSn-shp `qansb \in-n-m, AXns ]m]`mcw Am-lp-hns apn hln-t-n-h-cn-I Ccw I]-S-hn-izmknIfmWv. Fmhcpw [nm-cn-I-fmb ap\m-^n-Jp-I As-n A{I-an-I BIp-tmg-msX Hcp P\X
\in-n--s-Sp-tam-sbv AlvJm-^v: 35, A-Bw: 47 Fo kq--fn tNmZn-p-p.
^pkzn-ev: 26-28 ]d Im^ndpI Jp-Bs Bibw tI-cp-sXp P\--tfmSv ]dbp I]-S-hn-izm-kn-IfmsW-n, 29se Im^n Ahs hmp-tIp A-ambn
]n]-p ^mPndpIfm-Wv. A-Bw: 26, ap a\p-jy-cpsS ]m]-`mcwIqSn hlnv Ch
\c-I-n t]mtI-n-h-cp-sap ]d-n-p-v. BenCwdm: 91-, \n-b-ambpw \ntj[-n-\p-ta \ntj[w ssIsImv acn-p-t]m-Ip \ntj-[n-Iv, `qan-bn-ep-Xv apgp-h\pw A{X-Xs thsdbpw sXw \Inbmepw in-bn\nv bmsXmcp Cfhpw e`np-I-bn Fpw, Ahv thZ-\m-P-\-I-amb in-bp-apv Fv amCZ: 36epw ]d-np-v. Xu_: 68-, I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fmb ]pcp-jampw kv{XoIpw Amlp
hmKvZw sNbvXn-p--Xv \c-Im-n-bm-sWpw, Ah-c-Xn \nXy-hm-kn-I-fm-sW-pw,
Amlp Ahsc i]n-n-cn-p-s-pw, Ahv mbn-bmb in-bp-spw ]d-np-v. ^mnl: 7, _Jd: 67 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
163. \n-fpsS Cemlv GI-\mb Cem-lm-Ipp. Ah-s\m-gnsI asmcp Cem-lpan-. Ah ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I\pw Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[n-bp-am-Wv.
Cu kqhpw BenCw-dm: 2mw kqhpw "Ckvap AAvfw' AS-nb kq-fm-sWv \_n(-k) ]Tn-n-npv. "Cem-lv' hni-Zo-Ic
- W
-
- n\v ^mnl: 2,4 t\mpI.
164. \nbw BIm-ifp-sSbpw `qan-bp-sSbpw krn-nepw, cmhpw ]Iepw amdn
amdn hcp--Xnepw, P\-v D]-Im-c-{]-Z-amb coXn-bn kap-{Z-n kcn-p Ienepw, BIm-i-p-\nv Amlp shw Cd-p-Ibpw `qansb
acn-Xn\ptijw AXns\ AXp-ap-tJ\ Pohn-n-p--Xnepw, Fm Poh-Pme-s
- fbpw AXn ]c-n-bn-X
- nepw, Imp-IfpsS KXn-hn-KX
- n-If
- nepw, BImi-`q-an-In-S-bn Bm-\p-hn-bmbn kwhn-[m-\n taL--fnepw
Nnn-p P\-v [mcmfw Zrm---fp-v.
A_-Jd (2)
191
BIm-i-`q-an-I-fpsS krn-nepw cm-I-ep-I amdn-h-cp--Xnepw _pn-am-mv

[mcmfw ]mT-ap-v. Ah Ah-bpsS krn-ns ]nn-ep GI-{k-m-hns\ Is-nb-hcpw Ahs krn-n-s\-p-dnv Btem-Nn-p--hcpw CsXmw shdpsX krn--X, ey-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-sWv a\-n-emp-hcpw, Am-lp-hns\ hmgvp-Ibpw Ahs\
]cn-ip--s-Sp-p-Ibpw sNp-hcpamWv. BIm-i-`q-an-I-fpsS kwhn-[m-\-n\nv \cIhpw kzKhp-ap-sv a\-n-emnb-h-cpw \c-I-in-sbsmv Ftmgpw Imh-ens\
tXSp--hcpw, "Amlv' F kvac-W-bn Fm-bvtmgpw \ne-sIm-p--h-cp-amWh
(B-en-Cw-dm: 190, 191)
Ccpv sh-n XmWp-t]m-Ippshnepw Ccp-p-sIm-p I sh-ns
apI-fn-eqsS k-cn-n-m-\p amKhpw Adnhpw Amlp a\p-jysc ]Tn-n-p. bm{Xpw, ay-_--\-n\pw, Ghpw `mcw IqSnb Nc-p-I IS-p--Xn-\pw, bpmhiypw- Cv a\p-jy IepI D]-tbm-Kn-p-p. sh-an-msX hcv hnp-Io-dnb Ah--bn-ep `qan-bn ag hjn-p--tXm-Sp-IqSn AXv hnI-kn-p-Ibpw kv^pSnp-Ibpw XpSn-pIbpw sNp-p. hnp-Ifpw If-Ifpw apf-p-h-cn-Ibpw Ah ]pjv]n-pIbpw hv, tX\o, Ddpv, DdpvXo\n XpSn Fm Poh-Pm-e-fpw AtXm-Sp-IqSn hfcp-Ibpw, Hcp-an-p-Iq-SpIbpw sNpp. acn Bfp-Isf Amlp ]p\o-hn-n-p-Xn\v
Hcp DZm-l-c-W-am-WnXv (^p-zn-ev: 39 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
\psS hoSp-I-fn Hcp apdnbnep Poh-Pm-e--sf-p-dn-p Adn-hp-Xs \apv
]cn-an-X-amWv. Hmtcm {]tZ-ipw Pohn-p--Xn\v A\p-tbm-Py-amb ico-c-L-S-\-tbm-Sp-IqSn-bmWv Amlp Poh-Pm-e-sf krn-n-p--Xv. Chn-Sps Hmpw B{^n--bn-ep
Hmpw ico-c-L-S-\-bn hyXymkw ]pep--Xmbn ImWmw. Cu Poh-Pm-e--fp-sSsbmw krn-n-eqsS {km-hns krn-ssh-`-hs Is-p-Ibpw Ahs\ hmgvpIbpw sNp--h-cmWv Nnn-p _pn-am-m. AAvdm^v: 185- Amlp ]d-bpp:
BImifp-sSbpw `q-an-bpsSbpw B[n-]-Xyspdnv (\n-b-{-Wspdn-v) Cq Hcn-epw Nnn-p-t\m-n-bn-n-t? Amlp krjvSn-n-p Hcp hkvXp-hn-s\bpw
Ch Ip-Xp-dv t\mn-bn-n-t? Ah-cpsS Pohn-Xm-h[n Ah-km-\n-m-dmbn F-h
Hcn-epw Btem-Nn-n-nt? Atm Cu h-am-\-n\ptijw thsd GsXmcp
h-am-\-n-emWv Ah hniz-kn-m t]mIp--Xv. AKminb: 17, Ah HIntev AsX--s\-bmWv krjvSn--s--sXp t\mn-bn-n-stbm Fp tNmZnp--Xn\p adp-]Sn \o ]cn-ip--\mWv \mYm Fm-Wv. AYhm B H-I-ns krjvSn
ssh`-hneqsS AXns {km hns\ Rm lrZbwsImv Ip, Ah D]-a-bn-m, DZm-l-c-W-an-m Fm-n\pw Ign-hp ]cn-ip--\m-Wv, Ahs krn ssh`hw
A]mcw Xs. BIm-i-`q-an-I-fpsS krn-pw, AhI-fn ]c-n-bn-n-cn-p Fm PohPme--fpw Ah\pv F-Xn-\p sXfn-hn-s]--Xm-sWv Aqd: 29- ]d-bpp.
Imv ]e-hn-[-ap-v. ag hjn-n-p--Xn\p aptm-Sn-bmbn ktm-j-hm-b-dn-bnp a-am-cp-X, \miw hnX-bvp sImSpm-v, Npg-en-m-v, aWm-v, hc Xomv, XWp Imv apX-em-bh. Imn-eqsS ]cm-KWw \S-p-p (lnPv: 22) hnZyp-On
Dm-Zn-n-pXn\v D]-tbmKnp-p. Cpw I-tem-Sn-p--Xn\pw, Zni \n-bn-p-Xn\pw Imv D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p. As\ a\p-jyp-Xs Imp-sImv ]e D]-tbm-K--
192
JpB\ns Bmhv
fp-apv. BZw ZXn-Isf ico-c-tm-Sp-IqSn Imns Xmfm--I-X-bnemWv Amlp

kzK-n\nv `qan-bn-tev Cd-n-bXv. Cukm \_nsbbpw CZvcokv \_n-sbbpw
Amlp Npg- e n- mv sImmWv BIm- i - t v Dbn- b - X v . \qdp- s Imw acnnXn\ptijw ]p\o-hn-n "Dsskdn\v', acn--hsc Pohn-n-p-Xv F-s\-sbv
ImWn-p--Xn-\p-thn Fpw app-ambn `qan-bn ebn-p-tN At-lns hml-\-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-n-cp Igp-Xsb Hcp Imns Xmfm--I-X-bn- Amlp Pohn-np
ImWn-p-sIm-Spp. BZv kap-Zm-bs Pemw-i-an-m hybmb Imv aptJ-\-bmWv
\in-n--Xv. B Imv Ah-cpsS ico-cnep Pemwiw apgp-h\pw hen-s-Sp-v Npnb
am-b-n-t]mse hogvn \in-n-p-I-f-p. Ggp cm{Xnbpw Fp-]-Iepw \op-\n
AXyp{K-amb Imn-\m IS-]p-gpInb Cu-\Sn-It]mse Ah hoWp-In-SpXmbn \n\v ImWmw Fv AlmJ: 68 ]d-n-pv (^pzn-ev: 15-16 Iqn-hm-bnp-I) hmbpkmcw \npI-gn-m a\p-jy-cpw Poh-Pm-e--fpsamw sImn--a
ac-m-h-It]mse Ne-\-c-ln-X-cmbnocp--Xm-Wv. lv Imev a-bn\nv ao\mbn-te-p Xpc--n sshZypX XI-cm-dp-aqew hmbp-k-mcw \ne--Xp-sImv Bbnc-n-tesd lmPn-am acn-Xv ASp Ime-p-mb kw`-h-am-Wtm?.
`qan-bn-ep ]-X--sf-tmse taL--fn-epw ]-X--fp-sv Aq: 43-
]d-bp-p. Jp-B kqNn-n-- Cmcyw a\-n-em-m-\m-b-Xv hnam\w Ip-]n-Sn--Xn-\pti j-w am{X-am-Wv. Cu taL- Amlp Ah-\p-t-in-p e--fn-tev Imn\m Nnn-n-X-dn-nv ag-bmbn hjn-n-p-p (Pmknb: 35 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). \wev: 88 Amlp ]d-bp-p: \n\v (`qan-bnep) ]-X- Dd-p-\np--Xmbn ImWmw.
Fm Ah Jnbm-a-p-\m-fn taL-sftmse k-cn-p--Xm-Wv. Fm-h-kvXp-sfbpw Ip-a--Xm-bn-mWv Amlp DXv]m-Zn-n-n-p--Xv. \n-bw Ah \n-fpsS
{]h-\--sfmw hebwsNbvX {XnIm-e-m-\n-btm! Nnn-p P\-Xv [mcmfw
]mT-fp-sp ]d--Xns s]mcp Cu {]]-spdnpw AXnse {]Xn-`m-ksfpdnpw Jp-B\ns BibwsImv ]T\w \S-n-bm AXns {kjvSmhpw
DS-abpw GI-\mb Am-lp-hm-sW-pw, Ahs A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i--fn Ah\v kaamtcm, CS-bm-famtcm ip]mi-mtcm ]p-Imtcm atfm Cspw, Ahs\tmse
Hcmtfm Hcp hkvXpthmbnspw Is-m Ign-bpw. _Jd: 2829,152 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
165. (Cu Zrm---sfmw In-pw) Am-lp-hns\qSmsX Ah\v ka-msc
sXc-sSpp--h a\p-jy-cn-ep-v. Ah Am-lp-hns\ kvt\ln-pXp-t]mse Ahsc kvt\ln-p-p. Fm kXy-hn-izm-kn-I Am-lp-hns\-bmWv Ghpw IqSp-X kvt\ln-p-I. A{I-an-I-fmb Cq- ]c-n
hcp inm-cwKw ImWp-I-bmbncpp-sh-n!, Av \n-b-w k-inbpw Am-lp-hn\v am{X-am-sWpw, \nbw, Amlp ITn-\a
- mbn innp-h\pam-sWpw (A-h apIqn In-cp-s-n!).
k-{k-m-hmb Am-lp-hn\v CSbm-f-m-scbpw ka-m-scbpw ip]mi-m-scbpw
kn-p-Ibpw Ahsc {]oXn-s-Sp-p--Xn-\p-thn t\, hgn-]m-Sv XpS-n-bh \Sp-Ibpw sNp--h-cmWv ChnSps A{I-an-I. kzbw Pohn-n-cn-p--h\pw ap--
A_-Jd (2)
193
hsc Pohn-n-p--h-\p-am-bn-p--h-t\, \ns Imcp-Wyw-sImv Rm klmbw tXSp-p

FmWv \_n(-k) ]Tn-n-Xv. ChnsS Imcp-Wyw-sImv Dt--in-p-Xv Jp-B-\m-Wv.
Jp-B-\nmsX I- kzoI-cn--s-Sp-Itbm {]m-\v Dcw Inp-Itbm sNpI-bn-sp _Jd: 186 ]d-n-p-v. hnizm-kn-Iv Am-lp-hns\ ad Hcp Ah
Dm-hp-I-bn-. Am-lp-hns\ ad-m Ah sXmSn-Ifpw A{I-an-I-fp-am-bn (liv: 19).
Jp-B ap-dn-bnp \Ip, ]c-tem-Iv hcp kw`h- Jp-B-\ns Bi-bn-eqsS a\-n-emn Cl-tem-I-p-sh-p-Xs Ah kzbw Xncp-t--Xm-Wv. Am-h A{I-an-Ifpw kzbw Ipw k-Xnv \c-I-n {]th-in-s-Sp--h-cp-ambncnpw.
Ben-C-dm: 31, \n Am-lp-hns\ kt\-ln-p-p-s-n Fs (ap-l-Zv
\_n-sb) ]n]-p-I- Fp]d-n-p-v. ABw: 21,47,93,135136,144, AAvdm^v: 40-41,
Xu_: 19, bq\p-kv: 17, Ilv^v: 57, ^pJm: 27-30, kPZ: 22, PpapA: 5 Fo kq-fn-semw A{I-an-I-sf-p-dnv ]cmain-n-p-v. _Jd: 146-148 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
166. ]n]--s-- t\Xm-am ]n]n-b A\p-bm-bn-Isf Ism-gn-bptm!
Ah in apn ImWp-Ibpw Ahn-S-bn-ep _-sfmw apdnp-I-f-bp-Ibpw sNpXmWv.
167. ]n]-nb A\p-bm-bn-I ]d-bp-Ibpw sNpw: \nbw Rv Hc-hkcwIqSn e`n-p-Ib
- m-sW-n, Rsf Ah Ism-gn-X
- p-t]mse Ahsc
Rpw Ism-gn-m-am-bn-cp-p. A{]-Imcw Ah-cpsS {]h-\-
Ahv tJZ-I-c-ambn ImWn-p-sIm-Sp-p--Xm-Wv, Ah Hcp-hn-[-nepw
\c-I-n\nv ]pd-p-I-S-p-I-bp-an-.
I]-S-hn-izmknI-fmb t\Xm--fpw, A\p-bm-bn-I-fpw ]c-tem-Iv \c-I-nshv
]c-kv]cw i]n-p-I-bpw, Xn-p-Ibpw, ]gn-Nm-cp-Ibpw sNp cwK- Jp-B-\n
ap-dnbnv \In-bn-p-Xv {in-pI.
(1). C_vdm-low: 21- Amlp ]d-bpp: Ah Fm-hcpw Hcp-\m-fn Am-lphns apn ad-bn-msX shfn-s-Sp--Xm-Wv. Av Cl-tem-Iv Zp_-e-cm-bn-cp-A\p-bm-bn-I tIaam-cmbn Nancp t\Xm--tfmSv ]dbpw: \nbw ùXnI
temIv R \n-sfbmbn-cp-tm ]n]-n-bn-cp--Xv, AXpsImv ChnsS Amlp-hns in-bn\nv hXpw Rfn\nv \on-cm \nv km[nptam?
Ah ]d-bpw, Rsf Amlp kamK-n-em-n-bn-cp-p-sh-n \nbw R
\n-sfbpw kamKnem-p-am-bn-cp-p. Ctm- ChnsS \mw ]c-kv]cw Ie-lnmepw an-mepw Xpey-am-Ip-p, GXp\nepw \s cn-m Bcpan-. Am-lp-hns\bpw ]nim-Nn-s\bpw, hnNm-c-W-sbbpw, \c-I-sbpw kzK-sbpwpdnv DmgvN
\Ip _kzm-C-dmb Jp-Bs Bibw D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-m-h \msf, Ah-cpsS
]nc-Sn-bnsh-n-p I-]p-kvX-I-n (C-kvdm-Av: 13-14) Ah-cpsS Pohn-ns Hmtcm
\nan-j-fpw ad-bn-msX shfn-hmbn ImWpw Fm-Wv "ad-bn-msX shfn-sSpI' Fp]-d-Xns Bibw. Ilv^v: 100-101, Jm^v: 22 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I.
(2). Ap-Ad
- m-Av: 92102, ey-t_m[w \jvSs
- hv \cIw ASpn-p-X
- mWv.
Ah-tcmSv tNmZn--sSpw: Am-lp-hn-s\qSmsX \n C_m-Zv sNbvXn-cp--h
194
JpB\ns Bmhv
(tk-hn-n-cp--h, hnfnv {]mn--n-cp--h) Ctm FhnsS? Ahv \nsf klmbn-m km[n-p-ptm? As-n Ahv Ah-scXs klm-bn-m km[n-pptm? As\ Ah-scbpw Ahsc AXn\v t{]cn-n ey-t_m[w \jvS-s Kzmho-fmb (A-Avdm^v: 175) t\Xm--sf-bpw C_veokns ]m-fs apgp-h\pw B \c-In ASpn shp--Xm-Wv. AhcXn ]c-kv]cw Xn-p-sImv ]dbpw: \nbw
R k-tem-I--fp-sSbpw DS-av ]Icw sh-tm hy-amb hgn-tI-Sn Xsbm-bncpp. Rsf {`mam-c-msX hgn-]n-g-n-n-n-. Atm ChnsS Rv
Hcp ip]mi-m-tcm kXy-k--\mb Hcp B-an-{Xtam C-tm. Rv Hc-h-kcw
IqSn Inn-bn-cp-s-n R hnizm-kn-I-fm-Ip-am-bn-cp--tm. ChnsS A\p-bm-bn-IfmWv t\Xm-amscpdnv {`mam Fp-]-d-bp--Xv.
(3) Jkkv: 62-64, Fm-h-scbpw Hcp-anv Iqp B \mfn Amlp tNmZn-p-Xm-Wv, \n F\nv Dd-npshn-cp Fs ]m-fn-I Ctm FhnsS? Atm
tNmZyw _m[-I-am-b-h ]dbpw: R-fpsS \mYm, Cq--sc-bmWv R hgn-]n-g-n-Xv, R hgn-]n-g-Xv t]mse Ah-scbpw hgn-]n-g-n--Xm-Wv, Ahsc hgn-]n-g-n Dc-hm-Zn--n\nv R apn tXSp-p. Ah Rv C_m-Zv sNp-h-cmbn-cp-n-. Ah-tcmSv ]d-b-sSpw: \n \n-fpsS ]m-fn-Isf hnfn-p-I. Atm
Ah hnfn-pw. Fm Ahv Ah Dcw \Ip-Ib
- n-, in Ah ImWpIXs
sNpw. Ah lpZm (Jp-B\ns Bi-bw) D]-tbm-Kn-p--h-cm-bn-cp-s-n (Cs\
hgn-tI-Sn BIp-am-bn-cp-n-). Cu kq-fn ]m-fn-I Fp-]-d-Xv Am-lphns\ IqSmsX hnfn-v {]mn-p As-n t\-hg
- n-]m-Sp-I \Ip aplvbpo
ssiJv, ap-dw- X- XpS-nb alm-m-fpw, ae-p-I, Pnp-I XpS-n-b-h-cpamWv. tNmZyw _m[-I-am-b-h km[m-cW P\-sf inv]c-amb Ccw A-hn-izmkmNmc- {]hn-p--Xn\v t{]cn-n-p I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fpam-Wv.
(4) k_-Av: 31-33 kq--fn Amlp ]d-bpp: kXy-\n-tj-[n-I ]d-bp-p:
\n Cu Jp-B-\n-sem AXn\v app--Xntem hniz-kn-cp-Xv. Ccw B{I-an-I
\ns \mYs apn \n-s-Sp cwKw \o ImWp-I-bm-sW-n!; Ah Atm-pan-tmpw HmSn\-S-p-I-bpw, ASn--a-s A\p-bm-bn-I tIaam-cmbn \Sn-n-cp
t\Xm--tfmSv ]dbpw: \n Dm-bn-cp-n-s-n R hnizm-kn-I-fm-hpIXs
sNp-am bn-cpp. tIaam-cmb t\Xm- _e-lo-\-cmb A\p-bm-bn-I-tfmSv tNmZnpw:
kamKw (JpB_-Jd: 2,38,185) \nv hp-In-n-b-Xn\ptijw RfmtWm
\nsf AXn\nv XS-Xv? A; \n {`mam Xs-bm-bn-cp-p. Atm
A\p-bm-bn-I t\Xm--tfmSv hopw ]dbpw: A; R-tfmSv Am-lp-hns\ \ntj-[nm-\pw, Ah\v ]I-c-msc Dmm\pw I]n-n-cp--tm, \n cm]I h\
\SpI-bm-bn-cp p. Ah in ImWp-tm Dn-s-bp-n tJZn-p--Xm-Wv.
Ccw Im^n-dp-I-fpsS ]nc-Sn-I-fn \mw Ne _n-p--Xpam-WvAh {]hn-Xn\msX {]Xnêw sImSp-ms\mptam?
Cu kq--fn ]d Im^ndpI-fnepw A{IanI-fnepw t\Xm-fpw A\p-bm-bnIfpw Ds]Sp--Xm-Wv. \n JpB\ns Bibw ]Tn-m {ian-m {`mamcm-bn-cp-p FnhnsS t\Xm- A\p-bm-bn-I-tfm-SmWv ]d-bp-Xv. ^pJm: 2729
A_-Jd (2)
195
kq-fn, Ccw B{I-an-I-fmb BfpI \msf X-fpsS ssII-Snv Hm, Fs

IjvSw!; Rm Cm-en--hs\ B-an-{X-ambn sXsc-s-Sp-m-Xn-cp-n-cp-s-n F{X
\-bn-cp-t-s\, Ah-\m-Wtm Jp-B\ns Bi-b
- n\nv F\nXv hp-In-nbXn\v
tijw Fs XS--Xv, ]nimNv a\p-jy\v alm-h--I-\m-bn-cn-p-phtm! Fv ]dbp cwKw ap-dn-bnv \In-bn-p-v. JpB\ns Bi-bn\nmWv ]nimNv XSbp-I-sbv Cl-tem-Ipshv Jp-B\ns Bibw a\-n-emn ]n]m {ian-m-h \msf k-Xn-p, hne-]np- cwK-am-Wn-Xv.
(5). Alvkm_v: 66-68, \c-I-n Ah-cpsS (\n-tj-[n-IfpsS) apJw adn-n-p-sImn-cn-p-tm Ah ]d-bp--XmWv: Hm, R-fpsS \miw!, R Am-lp-hn-s\bpw
{]hm-N-I-s\bpw A\pk-cn-n-cp-p-sh-n F{X \m-bn-cp-t-s\. Ah ]d-bp-Ibpw
sNpw: R-fpsS \mYm, \nbw R R-fpsS t\Xm--sfbpw tIa-m-scbpamWv
A\p-k-cn--Xv, Atm-f-h bYm amK-n\nv Rsf hgn-]n-g-n-p. R-fpsS
\mYm, Ahv in-bn\nv Cc-n-nv sImSp-p-I-bpw, Ahsc A[n-I-cnv i]npIbpw sNbvXm-epw Fp-]dnp-v.
(6). kzm^m-v: 28-34 kq--f-n Amlp ]d-bpp: \n Rfn he-Xp`m-K-n-eqsS (kamKntev \bn-p-h-cm-sWv A`n-\-bn-p-sImv A[n-Im-c]qw) hn-cp-tm Fv A\p-bm-bn-I tNmZn-ptm, A; \n hnizm-kn-Ifm-bn-cp-n, Rv \n-fp-sS-ta bmsXmcp kzm[o-\hpw A[n-I-mchpw Dmbn-cpn, \n AXn-{I-a-Im-cn-I-fm-bn-cp-p. Atm \p-sS-ta \psS \mYs hN\w
_m[-I-am-bn, \mw Cu in cpNn-pIXs thWw, \nbw R ey-t_m[w
\-shcm-bn-cp-p, AXpt]mse- \n--sfbpw ey-t_m[w \-s--h-cm-n-b-Xm-bncpp Fv I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fmb t\Xm- adp-]Sn ]dbpw. AXpsImv Ct-Zn\w
Ah inbn ]m-fn-I-fm-hp--Xm-Wv. C{]-Im-c-amWv \mw {`mam-tcmSv {]hnp-I. Cu kq-fnsemw ]d {`mam-cn I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifmb t\Xm-fpw
^mPn-dp-I-fmb A\p-bm-bn-Ifpw Ds]-Sp--Xm-Wv. cv Iqcpw in-bn ]p-tN-cp-Xp-am-Wv.
(7). apAvan: 47-50, Ah \c-I-n ]c-kv]cw Xn-p-Xv kvac-Wo-b-am-Wv.
Atm _e-lo-\-cmbn ASn--a-s-n-cp A\p-bm-bn-I t\Xm--fmb I]-S-hn-izmkn-I-tfmSv ]dbpw: \nbw R \nsfbmbn-cp-tm ]n]-n-bn-cp--Xv,- AXpsImv
Cu \c-I- in--bn\nv HcphnlnXw Rsfsmv \nv hln-mt\m XSbmt\m km[n-ptam? Al-m-cn-I-fm-bn-cp t\Xm- adp-]Sn ]dbpw: \nbw \
Fm-hcpw ChnsS Xs-bm-Wv, Amlp Ahs ASn-a-In-S-bn \oXn-]qw hn[n
Ievn-n-cn-p-p. \c-I-n-ep--h \c-I-ns ]mdm-hp-Imsc hnfnv ]d-bp--Xp-amWv:
\n-fpsS dn-t\mSv Rfn\nv Hcp-Zn-h-ks in eLq-I-cn-m Hv ]d-mepw. Atm ]mdm-hp-Imcmb ae-p-I tNmZn-pw, \nv \n-fn \np
ZqXam hy-amb shfn-]mSpw (Jp-B) sImv hn-cp-n-tbm? Ah ]dbpw:
AsX; hn-cp-p. Atm ]mdm-hp-Im ]d-bpw: Fm ]ns \nXs ]dpsIm-p-I. \ntj-[n-I-fpsS {]m\ hgn-tI-Sn-e-msX A. ChnsS \ntj-[n-I t\Xmfpw A\p-bm-bn-Ifpw tN-Xm-Wv. Ad-AvZv: 14 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I.
196
JpB\ns Bmhv
(8). ^pn-ev: 29, Pnp-I-fn\npw a\pjycn\npw Rsf hgn-]n-g-n-

t\Xm-sf Hv ImWn-p-X-m-epw. sFln-I-tem-Iv R ASn--as--h-cmbn
Ign-p-Iq-Sn-b-Xn-\p-]-I-c-ambn Chsc Imen-\-Sn-bn-env Nhnnsa-Xnv tZ-jyw-Xo-s
Fv ]c-tem-I-p-shv Im^n-dp-I ]-d-bp cwKw ap-dn-bnv \In-bn-p-v.
(9). kpKvdp-^v: 74-78, \nbw {`mam \cIin-bn imiz-X-cmbn Ign-bp-Xm-Wv. AhhnsS Hcp hnSp-Xnbpw e`n-p--X-. AhcXn Bi-b C_veokp-Ifmbn Ign-pIqSp--Xp-am-Wv. \mw Ah-tcmSv A{Iaw ImWn-n-n-, ]t Ah AhtcmSv Xs-bm-bn-cpp A{Iaw ImWnncp-Xv (kzKhpw \c-Ihpw Hmtcm-cp-cpw ChnsS
]Wn-tb--Xm-Wv). Ah \c-I-ns ]mdm-hp-Im-c-\mb amen-ns\ hnfnv ]d-bp-XpamWv: Hm amen-tI, \ns dv R-fpsS IY-bv Ign-tm-s. amenIv ]dbpw: \n
imiz-X cmbn Fspw AXn Ignv IqtS--h-cm-Wv. R lJv (Jp-B)
sImv hn-cp-p, ]t \n-fn A[n-I-t]cpw JpBt\mSv hntcm[wshp--h-cmbn-cp-p Fp]-d-n-p-v. (A-Bw: 94, AAvdm^v: 37-39, 49-51, kP-Z: 4, kpa: 4 Iqnhmbnp-I). ^mnl: 3,4,7 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
168. Hm a\p-jy-tc, `qan-bn\n-p A\p-h-Z-\o-bhpw ]cn-ip-hpamb `-Whn-`-h- \n Xnp-I, \n ]nim-Nns ImmSpI ]n]--cp-Xv,
\nbw Ah \n-v hy-amb i{Xp-hm-Wv.
169. \nbw Ah \n-tfmSv Xn-sImpw tO-X-sImpw, Am-lp-hn-s\p-dnv \n-dn-bm-Xv ]d-bp-hm-\pw am{X-amWv Ievn-p-I.
_-Jd: 208- hnizm-kn-Isf, \n Ckvem-an ]q-ambn {]th-in-p-I, ]nimNns Imm-Sp-I ]n]-m-Xn-cn-p-I,- \n-bw Ah \nv hy-amb i{XphmWv Fp-]-dnpv. A-Bw: 142 Ah-km-\n-p-Xpw CtX Bi-b-tm-sS-bm-Wv.
Jp-B 99 e--fn ]nim-Nns\ ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-p-p-v. ]nim-Nns\ ]cn-N-b-sSm]w PohnXw \-s-Sp--Xm-Wv. am-cWw, a{w, iIp-\w, cmin, ssItc-J, ]ncmin, Kufn-cmin, PmXIw t\m, Ih-Sn\nc- XpS-nb A-hn-izm-k
- fpw ]nipv,
[qv, ]en-i, If-hv, ssIq-en, Ipg-Ww,- NqXm-w, Iv, Amlp Am--hv
t\-bmbn \on-sh `-W-km-[-\-, acn--hv Jp-B HmXn-sm-Sp Fo
XnI-fpw, Am-lp-h-m--hsc ]mSn-p-I-gvp ame auenZv, B-ib-an-msX ]d-bp
ss_v, ]mv, Jq-B ]mcm-bWw XpS-n-b-h-sbmw ]nimNns {]hrn-I-fmWv.
IqSmsX sIme, sIm, hy`n-Nm-cw, kzhK kwt`m-Kw, kzbw-t`m-Kw, hoIcWw XpSn-b Zphr-n-I fpw, k\ymkw, hKo-bX, tZio-b-X, hwio-b-X, kzm-X, kzP-\-]-]m-Xw, Xmt]m-cn a, Al-m-cw, [nm-cw, kwL-S\m kp-Nn-XXzw XpS-n-b ZpKpW-fpsamw ]nim-Nns `mK-p-\n-pXm-Wv.
bmko: 59-60 Amlp ]d-bp-p: Ct-Zn-hkw (hnNm-cWm \mfn) apPvcowItf
\n amdn-\npI. BZw k-Xn-Itf, \n ]nim-Nn-\p-thn Pohn--cp-sXv
\n-tfmSp Icm hmn-bn-p-m-bn-cp-n-t?, \nbw Ah \nv hy-amb
i{Xp-hm-Ipp. bqkp-^v: 5, \nbw ssizm a\p-jy\p hy-amb i{Xp-hm-sWpw
Jkzkv: 15, \nbw Ah \n-fpsS hy-amb i{Xphpw hgn-]n-g-n-p--h\pw
A_-Jd (2)
197
Xs-bm-sWpw ]d-n-p-v. ABw: 142, kpKvdp-^v: 62 XpS--nb kq--sfmw,

\nbw ]nimNv \n-fpsS hy-amb i{Xp-hmWv F Bi-b-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bmWv Ahkm-\n-p--Xv. Jp-B\ns Bi-b-a-dn-bmsX Am-lp-hns\pdnp ]d-m AXv
ssizm-\mWp ]d-bn-n-p--Xv. AXp-sIm-mWv \nkm-Av: 43, \n ]d-bp-Xv
Fm-sWv Xncn--dn-bp-Xp-hsc \a-kvImcnt\mSv ASp--cpXv Fv hnizm-kn-I-tfmSp
]d-bp--Xv. kz^v^v: 2, hnizm-kn-Itf, \n {]hn-m-Xv ]d-b-cp-Xv, AXv
Am-lp-hns ASp- ISp A]-cm[-am-sWpw ]d-bp-p. \qlv \_n Xs \mYt\mSv k-S-sSp cwKw \qlv: 21- ]d-n-p-Xv C-s\-bmWv: Fs \mYm, \nbw
Ch Fs [n-cn-n-cn-p-p, [\hpw km-\-hpw \-a-msX hn-n-m Hcphs\bmWv Ch ]n]-pXv. AYhm a\p-jy-n-im-Nmb I]-S-hn-izm-kn-sbbm-Wv ]n]-p-Xv Fw (Xu_: 55 Iqn-hmbnp-I). AAvdm^v: 27-28, \nbw hnizm-kn-I-f-m-hv ]nim-Np-sf Iqp-Im-cm-n-bn-cn-pp. Ah-scmcp No {]hrn sNbvXm,
CXv R-fpsS ]nXm-am-cpsS Ncy-bn R I-Xpw, Amlp Iev]n--Xv
XsbmWv Fp-amWv ]d-bpI. \_ntb ]d-bpI: \nbw Amlp t {]hr-nI
Iev]n-p-Ib
- n, \n Am-lp-hns\pdnv \nv Adn-hn-m-Xv ]d-bp-Ib
- mtWm?
Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-an-m \a-kvImcw \oNhpw \nyhp-amb {]hrn-Ifn\nv XSbm--Xm-b-Xn-\m ]nim-Nn-\p--Xm-Wv (AI-_qv: 45). _Jd: 44,152 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mpI.
170. Amlp Ah-X-cn-n--Xns\ \n ]n]-pI Fv Ah-tcmSv ]d-b-sm Ah ]d-bpw: A, R-fpsS ]nXm--msc GsXm-cp Ncybn-emtWm
R IXv AXmWv R ]n]- p- I . Ah- c psS ]nXm- - m
bmsXmpw Nnn-m Ign-bm--hcpw kmKw {]m]n-m--h-cp-am-bn-cps-n-epw (Ch Ah-sc--s-bmtWm ]n]-pI?)
Fme-p-ap, 1000- 999-s kz`m-h-amWv Cu kq-n hcp ImWn-p-Xv. Amlp Cd-nb Jp-B-\ns Bibw ]n]-Wsap ]d-bp-tm, Rv
R-fpsS Im-Im-c-W-h-m-cpsS hgnaXn F an Ah ]qn-Isc A-ambn
A\p-K-an-p--Xm-Wv. ]nim-Nns t{]c-W-bm-em-WnXv. CtX Bi-b-ap kqamb
epJvam: 21- Ah-km-\n-p-Xv, ssizm Ahsc In-bm-fp \c-I-in--bn-te-mWv
hnfn-psIm-ncnp-sXnepw, Ch Ah-cpsS ]nXm-msc A-ambn A\p-I-cnptam? F Bi-b-n-em-Wv. amCZ: 104, kpKvdp^v: 22,23 XpS-nb kq--fnepw
Cmcyw ]cm-ain n-p-v.
171. (Ccw) \ntj-[n-I-fpsS D]-a, hnfnbpw sXfn-bpamsX bmsXmpw
tIm Imen-I-tfmSv CS-b H-bn-Sp--Xp-t]m-sebm-Ip-p. Ah _[nccpw aqIcpw A-cp-am-Wv. AXn-\m Ah Nnn-p--h-cp-a-.
^pJm: 4344 tZtlsb Cem-lmbn sXc-s-Sp Chcn A[n-I-t]cpw
tIp-Itbm Nnn-p-Itbm Cspw, Ah Ip-Im-en-I-tf-m hgn-]n-g--h-cmWv
Fpw]d-n-p-v. Jp-B Inn-b-Xn-\p-tijw, Bibw ]Tn-m {ian-msX, Amlp
\Inb A\p-{K-l- av ùXn-I-t\--p-thn am{Xw D]-tbm-Kn-p _pn-Po-
198
JpB\ns Bmhv
hn-I-sfv kzbw A`n-am-\n-p-hcpw Cq-nem-Wv. apl-Zv: 12-, JpB Innbnv aqSn-sh-p \ntj-[n-I Cl-n Ip-Im-en-Isftmse XnpIpSnv kpJn-p-hcm-Wv, Ah-cpsS ]c-temI `h\w \c-I-hp-amWv Fp-]-d-n-p-v. \psS kqsf If-hmn Xn--dbp-h A-Im-c-n Ign-pIq-Sp _[n-ccpw Dua-IfpamsWv B-Bw: 39 ]d-bp-p. Ah-cn Nne \ns {inp tIp--h-cp-v,
Fm Nnn-m _[n-camsc \o tIn-p--h-\m-tWm-sbv bq\p-kv: 42
tNmZn-p-p. 43, Ah-cn Nne \ns t\mp--h-cp-v, Atm Dm-gvN
(_kzmC) -bn-m Ccw Aamsc \o kamK-n-em-p-tam-sbpw tNmZnp-p. Adqw: 52, \wev: 80 Fo kq--fn-eqsS Amlp ]d-bp-p: \nbw acn-h-scbpw hnfntImsX ]nn-cnpt]mIp _[n-cam-scbpw \o tIn-p-I-bn-.
Adqw: 53, \wev: 81 Fo kq-fn, \o Hcn-epw Aamsc Ah-cpsS hgn-tISn\nv kamK-n-te-m-p--h-\-, \psS kq--fn hniz-knp k-kzw
Am-lp-hn\p kan-p--h-scbm-sX \o tIn-p-h\ Fpw]d-bp-p. kpKvdp^v: 40, Atm \o _[n-camsc tIn-p--h-\pw, Aamsc hgn-Im-p--h-\p-amtWmAh hy-amb hgn-tI-Sn-em-sW-nepw Fv tNm-Zn-p-p. _pn-bp-]-tbm-Kn-m-hv ]c-tem-Ip ZmcpW cwK apIv: 10, bmko: 62 Fo kq--fn
]d-bp-pv. _Jd: 67,1820 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
172. Hm, hnizm-kn-I-tf, \mw \np \Inb `Whn`-h--fn\nv ]cnipambXv \n `n-p-I, Am-lp-hn\v \n \n {]I-Snn-pIbpw sNpI, \n Ah-\p-thn am{Xw Pohn-p--h-cm-sW-n.
AAv-dm^v: 32-, Cl-n Fm `W hn`-h-fpw hnizm-kn-I- D-]-tbm-Knp--XmWv Am-lp-hn\v Gsd Cw Fpw, ]c-tem-I-v AXv Ahv am{X-ap--XmsWpw ]d-n-p-v. Fm ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-Is\ \ntj-[n-p--hmWv Cu temIv
`W hn`-h- IqSp-X \InbnpXv Fv kpKvdp^v: 3335 kq--fn ImWmhp--Xm-Wv. hnizm-kn-I Cl-n Am-lp-hns {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fm-bn-smv Am-lphn\v thn am{Xw Pohn-p--h-cm-Wv. Ahv kzKw ac-W-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn ]c-tem-I-mWv. \ntj-[n-I ]nim-Nns {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fm-Wv. Ahv Cl-temIw kzKhpw ac-Wtm-Sp-IqSn \c-I-hpam-Wv (C-_vdmlnw: 2122).
apAvan\q: 51, Hm, {]hm-N-Iamtc, \n ]cnip--amb `-W-hn-`-h-
`n-p-Ibpw kI- {]hn-p-Ibpw sNp-I, \nbw Rm \n
{]hn-p-Xv Adn-bp--h- Xs-bmWv Fv ]d-bp-p-v. ]cn-ip-hpw A\p-h-Z\o-b-hp-amb `Ww Ign-p icocwsImv sNbvX C_m-Zp am{Xta kzoI-cn--sSp-I-bp-q. Ahv am{Xta Amlp Dt-in Bi-b-n ]cn-ip hN-\--fmb
JpB a\-n-em-hp-I-bp-ap-q. AXmWv ]cn-ip--m-c-msX AXv kv]in-p-I-bn
Fv AhmJnA: 79 ]d--Xns hnh. samw Jp-B\ns Bi-bw Xpemkmbn D]-tbm-Kn-p-tm am{Xta A\p-h-Z-\obamb `-W-hn-`h- thXn-cnv
ImWm km[np-I-bp-f-fp (_Jd: 188, amCZ: 62-63, B-Bw: 121, Xu_: 34 Iqn-hm-bnp-I). ^mnl: 4, _Jd: 147148 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
A_-Jd (2)
199
173. \nbw \nv \njn--amn-bn-p-Xv ihhpw chpw ]n-amw-khpw,

Am-lp-hn-\p-th-n-b-msX (t\-bmbn) \on-sh-XpamWv. h-h\pw
\n_-n-Xm-h--bn ]cn[n ewLn-m-sXbpw AXn{I-a]c-ambm-sXbpw
AXv D]-tbm-Kn-pI-bm-sW-n Atm Ahsta Ip-an-. \nbw
Amlp Gsd s]mdpp--h\pw Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[n-bp-a-tm.
CtX kqw \lv: 115-epw hn-p-v. ABw: 145-, Am-lp-hn\v thn-bmsX \on-sh-Xv amen-\yhpw Im]-Sy-ap-f-hm-p-Xp-amWv Fp]d-n-p-v. (amCZ: 3
Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Ic, lrZbw Fnhbn cw [mcmfw AS-n-bn-p-snepw
ABw: 145 Hgp--s cw am{Xta \njn--am-hp-I-bpq Fv \nbaw hn-pXn\m AXv A\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-Wv.
\n_-n-Xm-h--bn F-Xp-sIm-p Dtiyw, ap--hcpsS \n_--n\p
hg-n kza-\-tm-sS-b-msX Ign-epw ap `-W-h-kvXp-sfmpw Inm Ah-bn Poh \ne-\nmthn Bh-iy-n\v am{Xw D]-tbm-Kn-ep-am-Wv. Ign-bp{X A\p-h-Z-\obamb `-W-am-sWv Dd-ph-cpt-XmWv. C\nIgn-p `Ww
\njn-am-b-Xm-sWv t_m[ywhm DSs\ \np-Ibpw Am-lp-hn-t\mSv ]m-]n-p-Ibpw thWw. ABw: 121-, Am-lp-hns \maw kvacn--s-Sm-sXmpw
\n Hcn-epw `n--cp-Xv, \nbw AXp Im]-Sy-ap-f-hm-p--Xm-Wv. \nbw
ssizm Ahs an{X-v \n-tfmSv Xn-p-hmthn t_m[\w \Ip-XpamWv. \n Ahsc A\p-k-cn-p-I-bm-sW-n, \nbw \n apivcnp-I-fns]h Xs-bm-bn-cn-psav ]d-np-v. ChnsS Am-lp-hns \maw kvacn-sSmXv \n Xn-cpXv, \nbw AXv ^nkvJm-Wv (Im]-Sy-ap-f-hm-p-Xm-Wv) Fp]d-Xp-sImv Am-lp-hns t]cp--cnv Adp-maXn As-n `-Ww Ign-ptm Am-lp-hns \maw D-cn-maXn Fphcp-n. Am-lp-hn\np-XmWv
CXv (D-cp) Am-lp-hn-tev Xs-bmWv CXv Xncn-p-t]m-Ip-Xpw Fv lrZ-bw-sImv
{]mn-p-sImv Adp-Wsa-m-Wv CXp-sIm-p-t-in-p--Xv. Am-lp-hn\msX
ap--hcpsS t]cn t\-bmbn \on-sh `-W-hn-`-h--sfmw \njn--am-sWv
Jp-B-\n \menS-fn ]d-n-p-v. N ayhpw shp-In-fnbpw \njn-a Fv
\_n (k) Cu Bb-ns hni-Zo-I-c-W-n ]Tn-n-n-p-v (am-CZ : 100 Iqn-hm-bn-pI). ^mnl: 2 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
174. \nbw {K-n\nv Amlp Ah-X-cn-n--Xns\ aqSn-sh-p-Ibpw
AXns\ XpO-hn-ebvv hnp-Ibpw sNp--hcp-tm, Aq- AhcpsS hb-dp-I-fn Xo AmsX \ndp-n-. Ay-\m-fn Amlp AhtcmSv kwkm-cn-p I-bn, Ahsc kwkvI-cn-p-I-bp-an-, Ahv thZ-\mP-\-I-amb in-bp-ap v.
Jp-B-\ns Bibw Adn-nv AXv ]n]-m-sX, ap--hv ]Tn-n-p-sIm-SpmsX aqSn-sh-p-- ap\m-^n-Jp-IfmWv Ch. Ipdhnebvv Am-lp-hns Bbp-I hnpI Fm, bmko: 70-mw- kqw Ah-K-Wn-p-sImv, acn--hv JpB HmXn-tnv Iqen hmn-n-p-I, Jp-B-\ns Bibw ]Tn-p-Itbm P\sf ]Tn-n-p-Itbm sNmsX Cam-ap\nv ifw ]n-n-pI, Jp-B-\ns Bi-
200
JpB\ns Bmhv
b-n\nv XS-bmthn Ckvem-anI {]kn-o-I-c-W--sf t]cn ]pkvXI

{]kn-o-I-cnp Inp ]Ww Xnp-I, Jp-BXsbpw Bi-b-an-msX ln^vfzv, XPvhoZv Fnh ]Tn-nv ifw ]n-n-pI, Jp-B kq- ]nm-W--fnepw XInSp-I-fnepw apw Fgp-Xn-sm-Sp-p-I, \qep-I-fn sIpI-fnv sam-ambpw Nn-d-bmbpw
hnp-I apX-em-bhsbmw CXns]Spw. Npcp--n GsXmcp Dtiyw ap\nnbmtWm Amlp Jp-B Cd-n-bXv AXn\p hncp--ambn, sFln-I-t\--p-thn
Jp-B-\ns\ Zpcp-]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p--sXmw Cu KW-n s]Spw. Jp-B hnv Pohnp Ccw Bfp-I Ah-cpsS hb-n am{X-a-, Ah-cpsS IpSpw-_mw-K--fp-sS hbdp-I-fnepw XobmWv \nd-p--Xv. Amlp Ah-tcmSv kwkm-cn-p-I-bn Fp]d-m,
hnNm-cWbnmsX \c-I-n t]mIp-sa-w. kwkvI-cn-p-I-bn Fp]d-m
Ahv Cu temI-p-\n-p-Xs ]m-m-]-an Fm-Wv.
bq\p-kv: 33, A{]-Imcw Ah C\n hniz-kn-p-I-bn--sb \ns \mYs hN\w
[nm-cn-I-fmb I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS-ta _m[-I-ambngn-p Fpw, apAvan: 6,
\nbw Ah \c-I-ns kl-hm-kn-I-fm-sW \ns \mYs hN\w JpB aqSnshp \ntj-[n-If
- p-sS-ta _m[-Ia
- m-bngnp Fp-w]-d
np-v. bq\p-kv: 9495,
\o Hcn-epw Am-lp-hns kq-sf Xn--d-bp--h-cn s]p-t]m-I-cp-Xv, Fn
\o Fmw \jvSs
- -h
- \
- m-bn-o-cp-sa-pw, 96-97, Bcp-sS-ta-emtWm Am-lp-hns hN\w
_m[-I-am-b-Xv Ah hniz-kn-p-I-bn-s-pw, Fp ZrjvSmw Imepw thZ-\m-P-\-Iamb in ImWp-tm-g-msX Ah hniz-kn-p-I-bn-spw ]d-bp-p. \_-Av: 21-22,
\nbw "XmKq-n'-\-Sn-a-s--hsc \cIpWvTw Imn-cn-p-p-s-pw, Ah-cpsS aSw
\c-I-n-te-m-sWpw ]d-n-p-v. 27-28, \nbw Ah hnNm-cW {]Xo-n-m-h-cpw, Jp-B kq- ASn-Sn Xn--d-bp--h-cpam-bn-cp-spw ]d-bp-p.
BenCw-dm: 187, {Kw \I-s--h-tcmSp Amlp {]Xn hmn-bn-p-v, AXv
\n P\-v shfn-hm-pIXs thWw, AXp aqSn-sh--cpsXv. (A-Bw: 21,
AAvdm^v: 37,40, bq\p-kv: 17, Ilv^v: 57, kPZ: 22, kpa: 32 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). ^mnl:
7, _Jd: 24,39,79,99,159 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
175. Aq--cmWv kmK-n\p]Icw ZpamKhpw ]m]-tam-N-\-n-\p-]-Icw
inbpw hnebvv hmn-b-h, Atm \c-I-s-sXmv Ahv Fv
a-bmWp-Xv!.
kmKw (lpZm) Jp-B-\mWv. bmko 11- Jp-B-\ns Bibw (A-n-Iv)
]n]-p--hscbpw ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-Is\ ImWm-sX-Iv (Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-nIv)
`b-s-Sp--hscbpw am{Xta DW êw sNp-I-bp-q. Atm Ah\v ]m]-tam-N\hpw am\y-amb {]Xn-^-ehpw Dsv ktm-j-hm Adn-bn-pI Fp]d-n-pv. (apIv 12 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). \c-Ihpw kzKhpw Hmtcm-cp-cpw ChnsS\nv Xs
Xocp-am-\n-t--Xm-sWv Cu kqhpw ]Tn-n-p-p. (An-km-Av: 44 Iqn-hm-bn-pI). _Jd: 16,38 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
176. AXv, \nbw Amlp Jp-B-\ns\ bmYmy-tmSpIqSn (eytmSp-IqSn) Ah-X-cn-n--Xp-sIm-mWv. \nbw {K-n `nn--h (kXy-
A_-Jd (2)
201
n\npw _lpZqcw AI-p-t]mbn) AXn-hn-Zq-c-amb `nn-n X-sbmWv.

{Kw Cv Jp-B am{X-am-Wv. kv]vhpw Kuc-h-ap--Xpw hnNm-c-Wm-am-\-Z-am-W-Xv. Xam-i-bmtbm emL-h-tm-Sp-Iq-Sntbm AXns\ FSp-m-h-X-. Hmtcm-cpcpw
AXv Xpem-mbn D]-tbm-K-s-Spn Ah-c-h-cp-sS- `m-K-t[bw Cl-nsh-p-Xs Xocpam-\n-m thn-bmWv AXnd-n-bn-p--Xv. AXns\ sXm-h AXns\ Pohn-n-n-nsn Ahs- X n- c mbn AXv kmywhln- p- I bpw hmZn- p- I bpw sNpw.
AXpsImmWv Jp-B Bibadn-bmsX HmXp-I-hgn hnn\nv Av sXdnp
thK-n Zo\n\nv sXdn-p-t]m-Ip-sav \_n(-k) ]Tn-n--Xv. Jp-B am{X-amWv
Am-lp-hns apn kXw InmsX ip]mi sNp-I. Atm Cu Jp-B-\n
`nn-n-p Bfp-I Am-lp-hn-ep hnizmkw ]q-a-m--hcpw kXy-n\nv
hfscZqsc AIv t]mb-h-cp-am-Wv. Ah Ckvem-am-Ip samw hrs ]nSn-p-Xn\v ]Icw sImv ]nSn--hcpw `nn-p-t]mb apivcn-p-I-fp-am-Wv. Npcp--n k-{][m\w Jp-B-\ns samw Bi-b-n\v sImSp-p-h am{Xta hnP-bn-p-I-bp-q.
Adqw: 31-32 hnizm-kn-Isf hnfnv Amlp ]d-bpp: \n-sfm-cn-epw XfpsS Zo\n `nnv hnhn[ kwL-\-S-I-fmbn ]ncn apivcnpI-fn s]p-t]m-I-cpXv.
FmHmtcm kwLhpw Ah-cpsS ]-ep--Xn \nK-fn-p--knv Duw sImp--h-cmWv. apAv-an-\q: 5254 Amlp ]d-bpp: \nbw \n-fpsS kap-Zmbw GI-k-ap-Zm-bam-Ip-p, Rm \n-fpsS \mY-\pw, Atm \n Fs lrZ-b-n kqn-pho. Fmeh In-I-fmbnncnv Iev]\-I-sfmw apdn-p-I-f-p. Fm- Hmtcm
kwLhpw Ah-cpsS ]-ep--Xn Bm-Zn-p--knv DuwsImp--h-cm-Wv. AXn\m
Hcpkabwhsc Ahsc ap-]n-Sn--h-cmbn hnl-cn-m hnSp-I. An-bm-Av: 92-93
Amlp ]d-bpp: \nbw \n-fpsS Cu kap-Zmbw GI-k-ap-Zm-b-am-Wv, Rm \nfpsS \mY-\pw, Atm \n F\n-p-thn am{Xw Pohn-p--h-cm-hp-I. Fm
Ahn-S-bn-ep Imcy-fpw Iev]-\-Ifpsamw Ah apdn-p-I-fp. Fm-hcpw \ntepXs aS-n-htc-h-cmIpp. ABw: 159 Amlp ]d-bpp: \n-b-ambnpw X-fpsS Zo\n `nn-p-Ibpw In-I-fm-bn-o-cp-Ibpw sNbvX-h-cp--tm, AhcpsS Imcy-n \n\-smcp D-c-hm-Zn--hp-an (A-h-cp-ambn \n\-smcp _-hp-an), \nbw Ah-cpsS Imcy Am-lp-hn-tev aS-p--Xpw, ]ns Ah Fm-WnhnsS {]hn-n-cp--sXv Ah Ahv hnhcw ]d-p-sIm-Sp-p--Xp-am-Wv. (_Jd:
213, Ben-Cw-dm: 103105 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 2,137,140,143,147 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
177. \n-fpsS apJ- Ing-p-`m-K-ttm ]Sn-mdp `mK-ttm XncnpXn-e ]pWyw. Fm, Am-lp-hnepw Ay-\m-fnepw ae-p-Ifnepw thZ{K-nepw \_n-am-cnepw hniz-kn-p-I-bpw, [\tmSv {]nb-ap-tXm-sSmw _p-pw A\m-YIpw AK-Xn-Ipw hgn-bm-{Xmpw Bh-iympw ASn-a-tam-N-\-n\pw sNe-h-gn-pIbpw, \akvImcw \ne-\np-Ibpw kwkvI
- c
- W {]h\w \S-n-em-p-Ibpw, Icm
sNbvXm Ah-cpsS Icm ]men-p-Ibpw, ZpxJ-nepw Zpcn-X-nepw {]Xnk-n-L---fnepw a Ah-ew-_n-pIbpamWv ]pWyw, Aq- am{X-
202
JpB\ns Bmhv
amWv kXy-kam. AqXs-bmWv kqva-X-bp--hcpw.
Am-lp-hns kmao]yw Fm-bn-S--fn-ep-ap-v. Jn_vebn-tev apJw Xncn--e

]pWyw. Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n hnizmkw cq]-s-Sp-p-Ibpw, [\-n\v Ah-c-hv
Bhiyw Dm-bn-cns, Am-lp-hn-t\m-Sp {]oXnv apK-W\ \In, kzw Bhiyt-mfp]cn Am-lp-hns {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmb ap krn-Iv \I-epamWv ]pWyw.
\n Cs-Sp--Xn\nv \n sNe-h-gn-p--Xp-hsc \n-sfm-cn-epw ]pWyw
Fn-p-I-bn Fv Ben-Cw-dm: 92- ]d-n-p-v. \n-bw ]pWym-m-, `W-n\v kzbw Bh-iy-ap-m-bn-cns Am-lp-hn-t\m-Sp kvt\l-m Ah-cXv AKXn-Ipw A\m-Y-Ipw _n-Ipw \Ip-Xpw, R \nsf Xon-bXv Amlp-hns apJw ktm-j-tm-Sp-IqSn ImWp-hm\pw, Ah-\n\n-p-am{Xw {]Xn-êw
hmphm\pamWv. Am-sX, R \n-fn\nv bmsXmcp {]Xn-^-ehpw \n{]-I-S\hpw B{K-ln-p-Itbm {]Xo-n-p-Itbm sNp-n Fv a\-n Icp-Xp--h-cpamWv.
(Ckm 79). kzs ipo-I-cn-p-Ibpw AXyp--X-\mb Xs dns {]oXn
B{Klnp-sImv am-cp-sSbpw {]Xn-êw Imwn-msX Xs [\-n\nv sNe-hgn-p-Ibpw sNp ap-Jo-sf Am-lp- Xr-]vXn-s-Sp-Ibpw Ah-cn-tev kzKw ASpn-p-I-bpw sNpw (Ass: 17-21). apkvenw-I-fn\n-p--hv am{X-a-, Fm a\pjy-cn\n-pap-- A\m-Y-Ipw, AK-Xn-Ipw, _n-Ipw \Im\mWv Jp-B
Iev]n-n-p--Xv. sIme-]m-XIw sNbvXph _n-bmsW-nepw Npacp-Ipn-emIptm Ah\v `Ww \tI-Xv Am-lp-hns {]Xn-\n-[n-IfpsS _m[yXbm-Wv.
a\p-jys\ kzX-{-\m-bn-mWv krn--Xv. \bpw Xnbpw sXc-s-Sp-m-\p
kzmX{yw Ah-\p-v. Cmcyw DWmthn Jp-B-\ns Bibw Ahs\ ]Tnn-pI-bpw As\ Ah-s\- kzbw Xn-cn--dn-bp-I-bpw Pohn-X-eyw Xncn--dn-bpIbpwsNbvXv, {km-hns\ am{Xw B{i-bn-v kzbw ]cym-]-X-\mbn Pohn-m {]m]vX-\m-emWv ASn-a-tam-N\w sImp-t-in-p--Xv. Jp-B-\ns Bibw ]Tn-pI, ]Tn-npI F-Xn-eqsS am{Xta Cmcyw \S-n-em-hp-I-bpq FXn\m Cv Fm Ign-hpIfpw Jp-B-\ns Bibw ]Tn-m\pw ]Tn-n-p-hm\pw D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-pI-bmWv th-Xv. AXp-X-s-bmWv \_n(-k) ]Tn-n--Xns s]mcp. \n-fn D-a Jp-B
]Tn-p-Ibpw ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNp-h
- \
- m-Wv. Am-lp-hp-ambn sNbvX DS-Snbpw, Ahs\
ap\nn Ahs krn-I-fp-ambn sNbvX DS-Snbpw ]men-m-Xn-cn-p-Xv Im]-Sy-amWv. \nbw DS--Sn-Isfpdnv tNmZyw-sN--s-Sp-sav Ckvdm-Av: 34- ]d-n-p-v.
Am-lp-hns amK-n {]th-in-p-tm ]co--W-v hnt[-b-am-hp-I-Xs
sNpw. Jp-B\
- ns Bibw Ftm, FhnsS ]d-mepw FXn-s-Sp-IX
- s sNpw.
Atm-sgmw Amlp hon-p-pv F t_m[-n, Am-lp-h-n\v thnbmWv
Rm ]d-bp-p-Xv, Rm \ne \np-Xv F sscy-n Dd-p-\nv ]nn-cnbmsX a {]I-Sn-n--emWv ]pWyw. Ah Xs-bmWv Jp-B-\ns\ kXy-s-Sp-n-bh-cpw. Ahp-thn Jp-B kmn\np-Ibpw hmZn-p-Ibpw ip]mi sNpIbpw sNp-w. Ah-Xs-bmWv X-fpsS lrZ-bn Am-lp-hns\ kqn apJo-fpw Am-lp-hns {]mXn-\n[yw hln-p--hcpw.
lpP-dm-v: 15, \nbw Am-lp-hnepw Ahs ZqX-\nepw hniz-kn-p-I-bpw,
A_-Jd (2)
203
]ns B hnizm-k-n bmsXmcp kwi-bhpanm-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw, X-fpsS [\wsImpw

icocwsImpw PnlmZv sNp-Ibpw sNp--h am{X-amWv kXys kXysSp-n-bh Fp-]-d-bp-p. Jp-B ]Tn-p-Ibpw ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sN-emWv Ghpw henb
Pnlm-Zv. Jp-BsImv PnlmZv sN-W-sap ^pJm: 52 ]d--n-p-v. (Xu_:
119, A-lvkm-_v: 23, lZo-Zv: 19 -Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 5,24,38,115,156157 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mpI.
178. Hm, -hn-izm-kn-Itf, sImebvv {]Xn-{Inb \S-nem- \n-fp-sS ta
\n_-amnbncnpp. kzX-{\v ]Icw kzX-{-s\bpw ASn-av ]Icw
ASn-a-sbbpw kv{Xov ]Icw kv{Xosb-bpw. C\n h-h\pw Xs ktlm-Zc\v Fsnepw hnphogvN \In-bm, Atm am\y-amb \-]-cn-lmcw
\ \nebvv \In-smv AXv Hp-Xo-tc--XmIp-p. AXv \nfpsS
dns ]\n-p Hcp Cfhpw ImcpWyhp-am-Wv. AXn-\p-ti-jw hh\pw ]cn[nhnm Ah\v thZ-\m-P-\-I-amb in-bp-v.
179. Hm, _pn-bp--htc, {]Xn-{In-b-bn \nv Pohn-X-am-Wp--Xv\n
kqva-X-bp--h-cm-bn-cn-pI-Xs thWw F-Xn\pth-n.
BcmtWm sIme sNbvXXv Ah-sc-s {]Xn-{Inb sNt--Xm-Wv. AXn-\p-]Icw asm-cmsf {]Xn-{Inb sNm-hp--X-. C\n A_--n-emWv sIme sNbvXsXn
h[n--s--hs A\--cm-h-Im-in sIme-bm-fnv {]Xn-{Inb amm-n-sm-Sp-p-I-bm-sWn Adn-b-s-Sp \ymb-amb coXn-bn-ep \-]-cn-lmcw \tI--Xm-Wv. AXv Ah
Ghpw \ \nev A\--cm-h-Im-in-Iv sImSp-p-ho-p-Ibpw sN-Ww. DS-a-bmb
dn\n-p Cu Imcp-Wyhpw eLq-I-cWhpw Ah-K-Wnv {]Xn-{In-bv ]Icw IqSpX Bfp-Isf sImp-Itbm, Zmcp-W-amb coXn-bn {]Xn-{Inb \S-p-Itbm, \-]-cnlmcw \n-bnv AXv sImSp-m-Xn-cn-p-Itbm, \-]-cn-lmcw kzoI-cntijhpw {]Xn{Inb \S-p-Itbm sNbvXm, Ahv thZ-\m-P-\-I-amb in-bp-v. Ckvdm-Av: 32-,
Amlp \njn--am-n-bn-p Hcp\^vkn-s\-bpw- \n- \ymb-am-bn-sm--msX h[n-cpXv Fp]d-Xv {]Xn-{Inb Bbn-sm--msX Fm-Wv. Bsc-nepw A{I-a-]-cambn sIme sNsm Ahs cm-[n-Im-cnv ({]Xn-{Inb \S-n-em-p-hm) \mw
A[n-Imcw \In-bn-p-v. sIm-s--h-s A\--cm-h-Im-in-I-fpsS CwKnXw BcmnmWv {]Xn-{Inb \S-m-p-Itbm \-]-cn-lmcw \In {]Xn-{Inb Hgnhm-pItbm sNt-Xv.
Hcp hnizmkn asmcp hnizm-knsb A_--n-e-msX h[n-p-I-bn-. C\n A_-n h[n-m, hnizmknbmb Hcp ASn-asb tamNn-n-p-Ibpw, h[n--s--hs
IpSpw-_mw-K- hnp-hogvN sNbvXp-sIm-Sp-n-n-s-n \\ne-p \-]-cn-lmcw
\Ip-IbpwthWw Fv An-km-Av: 92- ]d-bp-p. Icp-Xn-qn Hcp hnizm-knsb
Bsc-nepw sImm Ahs {]Xn-êw \c-I-p-WvT-am-Wv. Ah-\-Xn imiz-X-\p-am
Wv. Ah\v Am-lp-hns tIm]hpw im]hpw Dv, Ah\v Kwò-camb in-Ifpw Hcp-nsh-n-p-v Fv 93-epw ]d-n-p-v.
BZw km-\-amb Jm_o, ktlm-Z-c lm_o-ens\ a\--dnp Icp-Xn-qn
204
JpB\ns Bmhv
h[n--Xn-\m temIv \S-p Fm sIme-]m-X-I--fpsSbpw in-bpsS HcphnlnXw

Jm_o-en-\p-sv \_n(-k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. Bsc-nepw Hcm {]Xn-{Inbmbn-sm-msX, As-n `qan-bn \mi-ap-m-n-b-Xn\me-msX Hcp \^vkns\ h[n-p-IbmsW-n Ah samw a\p-jysc h[n--Xp-t]m-se-bm-sWpw, Bsc-nepw Hcp
\^vkns\ Pohnnm samw a\p-jysc Pohn-n--Xp-t]m-se-bm-sWpw amCZ: 32-
]d-n-p-v. Am-lp-hn-s-b-Sp- Hmtcm \^vkpw ]hn-{X-am-Wv. \^vkpw Poh\pw
IqSn-b dqlv Am-lp-hns dqlns `mK-am-b-Xn-\m, dqlns\ ico-c-n\nv thsSp-p- h[w \S-n-em-pXv Am-lp-hn-s\-s h[n-p--Xn\v Xpey-am-Wv. AX\ph-Zn-m, h[-n AXncpIhn-bp-Ibpw `qan-bn cw Nnp-Ibpw `qan-bpsS \min\v Imc-W-am-hp-Ibpw sNpw. Atm `qansb AXns kp-e\mhbn \ne\nm\pw, imnbpw kam-[m-\-hp-ap {]IrXnPohnXw \bn-m\pw h[n\v {]Xn{Inb \S-n-em-p-Xv \n_--am-sWv _pn-am-mv a\-n-em-m Ign-bpw. {kmhns\ Xncn--dn--hcpw a\p-jy Bcm-sWpw `qan-bn Ahp m\-sa-msWpw Pohn-X-e-y-sa-m-sWpw Xncn--dn-h-cmWv Cu _pn-am-m. Cv JpB-\ns Cu hn[n \nt-isfmpw \S-n-em-m-Xv Imc-W-amWv `qan-bn-se-hn-sSbpw
sImebpw sImbpw \nb-{-W-an-msX XpSp-sIm-n-cn-p--Xv. _Jd: 2,4445,112
180. \n-fn Hcp-\v acWw Bk--ambm, Ah [\w hnp-t]m-Ip-psn amXm]n-Xm-pw _p-pw \ymb-amb coXn-bn hkznv sN \n-fpsS ta \n_-am--s-n-cn-p-p. Amlphns\
kqnv Pohn-p-hv CsXmcp _m[y--X-bm-Ipp.
kqd: An-km-C A\--cm-h-Im-i-\n-baw Ah-X-cn-n-p--Xn\papv Ah-X-cn-kq--am-Wn-Xv. [\w hntp acn-p-t]m-Ip--h acn-p--Xn\p app-Xs Ah-cpsS
[\w amXm-]n-Xm-pw apw ap IpSpw-_mw-K-pw \ymb-amb hnlnXn
hkzn-v sN-W-sambn-cpp Iev]-\. Fm An-kmC A\--cm-h-Im-i-\nbaw Ah-X-cn-n--tXm-Sp-IqSn Cu kq-ns Iev]-\-bmb hkzn-v aqn-sem-mbn
Npcp-p-Ibpw, A\--cm-h-Im-in-Iv hkzn-v sNm ]mSn Fv \nb-a-ampIbpw
sNbvXp. "hkzn-v' Hcm- Pohn-n-cn-p-tm Abm \Sp-Xpw, A\--csaSp
Abm-fpsS ac-W-tijw Ah-Im-in-I \S-p--Xp-am-Wv. cpw \S-n-hcp-Xv AbmfpsS ac-W-tijw am{Xam-Wv. Hcp hnizm-kn Ftmgpw acWw apn Ip-sImv \nesIm--W-sav Cu kq-w ]Tn-n-pp. _Jd: 241mw kqw Ah-km-\n-p--Xv,
Am-lp-hns\ kqnp Pohn-p--hv CsXmcp _m[y-X-bm-Wv F Bi-b-tm-SpIq-Sn-bm-Wv. (Ankm-Av: 11-12, amCZ: 105-106 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 106-107,152 hniZoIcWw t\mp-I.
181. Atm BcmtWm AXv (h-kzn-v) tI-Xn-\p-tijw AXns\ amn-a-dnp-Xv, \nbw AXns Ipw AXv amn-a-dn--h-s-ta am{X-am-Wv.
\nbw Amlp Fmw tIp- k-m-\nb-tm.
182. hkzn-v sNbvXh
- \n\nv, Adntm Adn-bm-sXtbm h hnth-N\tam
A_-Jd (2)
205
A[tam Bsc-nepw `b-s-SpIbpw, Atm Ahn-S-bn HpXop- m- p- I bpw sNbv X p- s h- n Ahsta Ip- a n- . \nbw
Amlp Gsd s]mdp-p-- Icp-Wm-hmcn-[nb-tm.
hkzn-v sNbvX B Am-lp-hns hn[n-hn-e-p-Iv hncp--ambn Ip-I-camtbm hnth-N-\-]-c-amtbm hkzn-bv sNbvXn-p-s-n, AXp-tI Bfp-Iv IqSpX
\ymbamb coXn-bnepw Am-lp-hns hn[n-hn-e-p-Iv- A-\p-kr-X-hp-amb \ne-bnepw
AXv amn-a-dn-p--Xn Ip-an-. hkzn-v Jp-B-\ns hn[n-hn-e-p-Iv hncp--amsW-n AXv \S-n-em-m\pw ]mSn-.
183. Hm, hnizm-kn-I-tf, \nv app--hv \n_-am--s--Xp-t]m-se
\npw t\mv \n_-am--s-n-cn-p-p\n kqva-X-bp-h
Xsbm-IWw F-Xn\pth-n.
184. F-s \mfp-I-fm-W-Xv. Fm \n-fn BcmtWm B \mfp-I-fn
tcmKn-bm-bXv As-n bm{X-bn-em-bXv, Atm ap- Znh-k--fn\nv
Fw XnI-bv-Ww. AXn\v Ign-hp--h- (t\ms-Sp-m Ign-hp-m-bnpw
t\mv FSp-m--h) Hcp AK-Xn-p `Ww {]mb-n--ambn \I
Ww. C\n Bsc-nepw kzta-[bm IqSp-X \ sNbvXm AXv Ah\v
\Xp-X-s. \n Adn-hp--h-cm-sW-n t\mv A\p-jvTn-X-sbmWv \nv Ghpw D-aw.
185. dafm amkw, B amk- n- e mWv samw a\p- j yv kmKhpw,
kmKw apgp-h hni-Zo-I-cnv hy-am-n-bnp--Xpw, kXym-k-Xy-hnthN\ am\-Z
h
- p-amb JpB Cd-s
- -np-Xv. Atm \n-fn\nv
B B amk-n\v kmywhln-pthm Ah t\m-\p-jvTn--s. C\n
Bsc-nepw tcmKntbm bm{X-bntem Bbm, Atm ap-Znh-k
- f
- n\nv
Fw XnI-bv-Ww. Amlp \nv Ffp--amWv Dt-in-p--Xv. Ah
\nv {]bmkw Dt-in-p-n-. \n Fw ]qo-I-cn-p-Xn
\pw \nsf Ah kmK-n-em-n-bX
- ns t]cn \n Am-lphns\
al-Xz-s-Sp-p--Xn\pw, \n \n-bp--hXsbmIWw F-Xn\pw
thn-bmWXv.
hnizm-kn-Iv am{Xta \a-kvIm-chpw t\mpsamw \n_--am-n-bn-p-q.
Fm Jp-B samw a\p-jyp--Xm-Wv. Ckvem-an \a-kvIm-c-hpw kImp-w
t\mpsamw Fmepapv. Fm hnhn[ "ico-A-p'I-fn AXns cq]hpw
coXnbpw Fhpw kz`m-h-hp-samw hyXy-kvX-am-bncp-p. t\mpw \a-kvIm-c-hp-samw
\n-bn-Xv a\p-jy B-\n-b-{-W-ap-hcpw, Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-b-n kqnv
Pohn-p--hcpamIm thn-bm-Wv. ChnsS F-s \mfp-I F-Xp-sImv Dtiyw
Ccp-]-sm-tXm aptXm Znh-k--fSnb da-fm amk-am-Wv. tcmKntbm bm{X-mct\m BImsX t\m-\p-jvTn-p-hm {]m]vXn-bp-h
- \
- m-sW-nepw Hcp AK-Xnv `Ww
\In-smv t\mv A\p-jvTn-m-Xn-cn-m-hp--Xm-Wv. X\nv Hcp Znh-k-n\v hcp
`-W-am-Wv AXn\v ]I-c(^nZvb)ambn \tI--Xv. Fm Hcm IqSp-X \IpIbm-
206
JpB\ns Bmhv
sW-n AXv \-Xp-X-s-bm-Wv. Ghpw \Xv t\mv A\p-jvTn- X-s-bm-Wv.

samw a\p-jyv _Jd: 38- ]d lpZ-bmb Jp-B Cd-nbXv da-fm-\n
Bb-Xp-sIm-mWv B amk-n t\mv \n_--am-n-b-Xv.- AXv asmcp amk-nemWv Cd-n-bn-cp--sX-n B amk-n-em-bn-cpp t\mv A\p-jvTn-p-hm Ievn-p
I. A-tm Jp-B ]Tn-epw ]Tn-n-epw Xs-bmWv ]c-a-{]-[m-\w. _Jd: 2,
Jp-B ]n]-p--hX-s-bm-Wv ap-Jo- Fp]d-n-p-v. kmKw Fsm-aptm AsXmw {XnIm-e-m-\n-bmb, Fmw hebw sNbvX Am-lp-hns kwkmc-amb Jp-B-\n-ep-v. AXp-sIm-mWv Bsc-nepw kmKw JpB\n At\z-jnmsX as-hn-sS-sb-nepw At\z-jn-m Ahsc Amlp kmKn\nv ]nncnnpIfbpw Fv \_n(-k) ]Tn-n-n-p--Xv. (ABw: 38, Alv 89: Iqn-hm-bnp-I).
^pJm:kXyhpw Ak-Xyhpw, [hpw A[hpw, {]Im-ihpw A-Im-chpw,
\oXnbpw A\o-Xnbpw, \ymbhpw A\ym-bhpw, kzKn-te-p GI-h-gnbpw \c-I-nte-p hnhn[ hgn-Ifpw, Pohn-X-ns Fm ka-b--fnepw e--fnepw Xncn--dnbm-\p Dc--mWv ^pJm-\mb Jzp-B. Am-lp-hn-s\bpw Ahs kwL-sbpw,
]nim-Nn-s\bpw Ahs kwL--sfbpw Xncn--dn-bp-Xpw Cu ^pJm sImm-bn-cn-Ww. AXp-sImv Jp-B-\ns\ ^pJm-\mbn AwKo-I-cn-m--h apivcn-p-Ifpw ]nimNns kwL-mcpw ]c-tem-Iv Fmw \-s--h-cp-ambncnpw (BenCwdm: 4,
^pJm: 1 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I.) krn-I Fm-bvtmgpw "Amlv' F kvac-W\ne\np-hcpw, GXv Imcyfpw Ah-cpsS DS-a-bmb Am-lp-hn-t\mSv Jp-B-\mIp
shfnap]-tbm-Knv lrZ-bw-sImv tNmZnv kwibw \nhnv Dd-p--h-cmbn \nesImp-hc
- p-amI-Ww. Atm-gmWv Ah \n {]I-Sn-n-phcm-Ip-Xv Am-h\nsI Im^n-dm-bn-cn-pw. Xzmlm: 132- Amlp ]d-bpp: Hm {]hm-NI
- m, \a-kvImcwsImv
\ns IpSpw-_-tmSv Iev]n-p-I-bpw, AXns Imcy-n nc-\n-jvT-tbmsS {im]qw \ne-sIm-p-Ibpw sNp-I. Rm \ntmSv `Ww Bh-iy-s-Sp-n-, \mamWv
\ns `n-n-p--Xv. \-]-cy-h-km\w kqva-X-bp--hm-Wv. ChnsS Amlp
`Ww Bh-iy-s-Sp-n F-Xns Dt-iyw, \o _pn-ap-n {hX-a-\pjvTnv `Ww
hn--W-sa--, adnv B {hXwsImv B-\n-b-{Ww ]men-p kz`mhw Ic-am--W-sa-m-Wv. Am-cn-bm-v: 56-57 Amlp ]d-bpp: Pnp-I-sfbpw a\p-jyscbpw \mw krn-n-n-F\nv C_m-Zv sNm thn-b-m-sX. Rm Ah-cn
\nv `Ww Dt-in-p-n-, Ah Fs `n-n--W-sapw Rm Dt-in-p-n-.
Cu kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-c-W-n \_n (k) ]Tn-np: F{X-sb{X t\mp-Im-cmWv
Ah-cpsS `-Whpw shhpw hnpsImv ]n-Wn-nc-bmhp-Xv, AYhm Jp-B\ns Bi-b-an-m-Xv ImcWw Ah-cpsS {hXw Am-lp-hn-\p-th-n-bm-Ip-n-. ImcWw
Ah Bm-hns\ Xncn--dn-n-n-. _Jd: 38,80,121,152 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I.
Am-lpth, Rsf \o hnizm-kn-Ifpw Ftmgpw \ns kvacn-p--hcpw \n\v
\n {]I-Sn-n-p--hcpw hn\o-Xcpw \ns `b-s-Sp--hcpw Jp-B ]Tn-p--hcpw
]Tn-n-p--hcpw Jp-B ]n]-thn[w ]n]p-hcpw Jp-BsImv hnP-bn-Itfm-sSmw ]pWym-m--tfm-sSmw kzK-n {]th-in-p--h-cp-am-t-Wta. Hm, IcpW
A_-Jd (2)
207
sNp--h-cnshv Ghpw IcpW sNp--h-t\.

186. Fs-p-dnv Fs ASn-a-I \ntmSv tNmZn-m, \nbw Rm AhcpsS kao-]
- p-Xs
- -bp-sv (]-db
- p-I), hnfn-p-h
- s hnfnv Rm\mWv
Dcw \Ip--Xv. Atm Ah Fs hnfnpcw \I-s. Ah
Fn (hn-iz-kn-t hn[w) hniz-kn-p-Ibpw sN-sAh kmKw
{]m]n-p--hcm-Imth-n.
Amlp Fhn-sS-bmWv, \psS ASpmtWm AtXm ZqscbmtWm Fv \_n
(k)-tbmSv A\p-bm-bn-I tNmZn--Xn\v adp-]-Sn-bm-bn-mWv Cu kqw Ah-X-cn--Xv. Jm^v:
16-, \mw a\p-jy\n Ahs Poh-\m-Un-tb-m ASp-mWv nXn- sN-p-Xv Fpw,
lZoZv: 4, \n Fhn-sS-bm-sW-nepw Ah \n-tfm-sSm--apv Fpw, A^Pv:
14-, \nbw \ns dv Fmw ]Xn-bn-cpv hnn-p-sIm-n-cn-p--h-\mWv Fpw
]d-n-p-v. apAv-an: 19- IpIfpsS Ip-t\m--n Bibhpw \n s\p-Ifn Hfn-n-p-sh-Xpw Adn-bp-h
- \
- m-Wh Fp-]d
-
n-pv. Ah izmtkm-Ozm-kfpsSbpw lrZ-b-an-Sn-n-sbpw Bibw Adn-bp--h-\m-Wv (Cin-JmJv: 23). hnizm-kn-Itf,
\n Adn-n-cn-pI, \nbw Ah \n-fpsSbpw \n-fpsS lrZ-b-n-sbpw CSbn-em-Wp--Xv (A^m: 24). hnizm-kn-I Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-b-n kqn-p-hcpw \ntj-[n-I- Am-lp-hns\ hnkva-cn-p-I-hgn ]nimNns\ lrZ-b-n kqnhcp-am-Wv (_Jd: 152).
Am-lp-hns\ am{Xta klm-b-n\v hnfnmhq (apAvan: 60 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I)
Fm hnfnv Dcw e`n-m cv D]m-[n-Ifn Hv: Ah Fs hnfnv Dcw
\Is Fpw, cv: Fn hniz-kn-thn[w hniz-kn-p-Ibpw sN-s Fp-amWv. Atm Am-lphns hnfnv Dcw\IpI FXv lpZm-bmb Jp-Bs\ ]n]-em-Wv. a\p-jysc apgp-h kzKn\nv `qan-bn-tev ]d--b--tm Fn\np lpZm (k-mKw) -hp-Inpw AXv hp-In-n-bm B lpZsb ]n]-p--hv
`b-s-Sm\pw ZpxJn-m\pw CS-h-cnIbn Fv _Jd: 38- -]-d-n-p-v. _-Jd: 2,38,185
Fo kq--fn ]d lpZm Cv Jp-B-\ns Bi-bw am{XamWv. cmas
D]m[n-bmb Fn hniz-kn-t--hn[w hniz-kn-pI Fp]d--Xns hnh, JpB-\nse 6236 kq-fpsS Bibw kan-p Am-lp-hns\ a\-n-emn hniz-kn-em-Wv. Atm Acw hnizm-kn-Iv am{Xta {]m-\-Iv Dcw e`n-p-Ibp-q. Ahcn\nv am{Xta \a-kvIm-cw, t\mv, kImv, lv XpS-nb I-
kzoI-cn-s
- -Sp-Ib
- p-ap-q. lv a\p-jy-tcm-SmWv In-n-p-Xv F-Xp-sIm-v, hnizmkn
BIm-sXbpw lv sNm-hp--Xm-Wv. Fm hnizmkn BIptmtg \n-ln lv
kzoI-cn--s-Sp-I-bp-q. "Im^n-dp-I-fpsS {]m\ hgn-tI-Sn- am{X-amWv' Fv AdAvZv 14epw, apAvan: 50epw ]d-n-p-v.
AAv-dm^v: 8,9 Amlp ]d-bpp: Ct-Zn\w (hn[nZnhkw) lJn-\mWv (JpB-\n-\m-Wv) Xq-w, Atm BcmtWm Xs Xqw hn-n--Xv, Ah am{X-amWv
hnPbwhcn-p-I. BcmtWm Xs Xqw eLq-I-cn-n--Xv, Aq- \psS kq-tfmSv (sF-ln-I-tem-I-v) AX ImWn-p-sIm-n-cp-X
-- n-\m kzs \-s-Spn-b-h-cm-Wv. Jp-B-\ns Bi-bs Cl-n Xpem-kmbn D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-m--
208
JpB\ns Bmhv
hv ]cn Xpem-kn Xqw e`n-p-I-bn-. ]c-tem-Iv {]h-\- Xqp

Xpemkv Jp-B Xs-bm-Wv (A-qd: 17, lZoZv: 25). _Jd: 147 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI,
(ap-Avan\q: 102-103 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Jp-B aqSn-sh-p-Ibpw X-fpsS dns\ Ipapn Dcw ]d-bWw FXv adpIbpw sNbvX-h-cpsS \a-kvIm-cw, lv, t\mv XpSn Ah \-XmWv Fv IcpXn sNp Fm {]h-\-fpw, Jp-B-\ns Bib-n\p hncp--am-b-Xp-sImv ]mgmbntmbn-cn-pp Fpw, Ahv Xpem-n Xqw
Dm-hp-I-bn Fpw AIlv^v: 103,105- ]d-n-p-v.
Ah- c - h {]hn- p GsXmcp Imcy- h pw kzoI- c n- - s - S m sXfn- h mbn
(_plm) Jp-B kqns Hcp `mK-sa-nepw Dm-h \n_--am-Wv (_J-d:
147, An-km-Av: 174 Iqn-hm-bn-pI.) Jp-B-\ns Bibamb ^pJm Inm-Xv
ImcWw sXp-Ip-- sNp-Ibpw Fm ]noSv Jp-B-\ns Bibw a\-n-emn
B sXp-Ip---sfmw Am-lp-hnt\mSv lrZbwsImv Gp]d-bpIbpw sNbvXm, Ah
apgp-h\pw H-b-Snv Htc ka-bv ambvp-I-f-bp-sav kpa: 53- ]d Amlp, 55 AXn\v D]m-[n-bmbn \n-fpsS dn-\nv \nv Cd-n-bn-p Jp-B-\ns
samw Bibw Ghpw \\nebvv ]n]-p-Iin (acWw) \nv hcp-Xn\papv Fpw]d-n-p-v.
\n-b-am-bnpw Jp-B kq aqSn-sh-p-Ibpw A\ym-b-ambn {]hm-N-I-msc
sImm-sIme ({]-hm-N-I-m-cpsS t]cp-shv P\-a-[y-n {]hm-N-I-msc If-hmn AhX-cn-n-p-I) sNphcpw, a\p-jy-cn\nv Jp-B ]Tn-p-Ibpw ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw
sNphsc h[n-p--h-cp-ap-tm, Ahv Ghpw thZ-\m-P-\-I-amb inbpsv
"ktm-j-hm' Adn-bn-p-sIm-p-I. Aq-cpsS {]h-\--fmWv Cl-nepw
]c-nepw \-s--Xv, Ahv klm-bn-I-fmbn BcpwXs Dm-hp-I-bp-an Fv
BenCwdm: 21,22 ]d-n-p-v. hnizmknbmImsX Hcmfpw kzK-n {]th-in-pI-bn- Fv An-km-Av: 124, \lv: 97, Xzmlm: 112, An-bm-Av: 94, apAvan: 40 kq-fn ]d-n-p-v. Fm \_n-amcpw apAvan\m-sW-pw, hnizm-knIfpw \_n-amcpw
IqSn-b-XmWv Am-lp-hns kwLsapw ^mnl: 6 hni-Zo-I-cWn ImWpI.
Jp-B-\ns samw Bibw ]n]-msX Hcmfpw hnizm-kn-bm-hp-I-bn-. JpB kq- aqSn-sh-p- I]-S-hn-izmknIfpw Jp-B kq- hp-In-n-bnv
D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-m ^mPn-dp-Ifpw \c-I-ns kl-hm-kn-Ifpw AXn imiz-X-cp-amWv.
(_Jd: 39 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI). BcmtWm Jp-B kq- aqSn-sh-p-Xv
Ahv ITn-\-amb in-bp-spw Amlp Ah-tcmSv {]Xn-Imcw sNp-sapw
BenCwdm: 4epw ]dnp-v. Jp-B kq- hp-In-n-bnv Ahsb Xn--dbp-Ibpw Fmw ]Tn--h-cm-sWv Al--cn-p-Ibpw sNp--h acn-p ka-bv
X Im^n-dm-bn-cpp Fv kzbw kmyw hln-p--XmWv (AAv-dm^v: 37, kpa:
59). \nbw Jp-B kq- X-n--d-bp (^mPn-) hpw Jp-B Adn-bp-h-cm-sWv Al--cn-phpw (ap\m-^n-Jp-I) kzKns hmXn-ep-I Xpd-psImSp-p-Itbm Xpm-cs kqNn-bpsS Zzmc-n-eqsS HIw {]th-in-p--Xp-hsc
Ah kzKn {]th-in-p-I-tbm C Fv AAv-dm^v: 40- ]d-bp-pv. BcmtWm
Jp-B kq- aqSn-sh-Xv Ah Fmw \-s--h Xs-bm-Wv. (_-Jd: 121hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI). Jp-B kq--fpsS ]n_-e-an-m {]h-\-
A_-Jd (2)
209
Am-lp-hn-tev Dbp-Ib
- n- Fpw, \ hmp-I {]hrn-sImv km[q-Ic
- n-msX
Am-lp-hn-tev Dbp-I-bn- Fpw ^mXzn: 10- ]d-bp-p.
Ad-AvZv: 18 ]d-bp-p: X-fpsS \mY\v Ghpw \-\n-ep Dcw \Ip-h hnP-bn-IfmIpp, Dcw \Im--h Ahv `qan-bn-ep k-kzhpw A{X-thsdbpw AXnt\m-sSmw e`n-nv Jnbm-a-p\mfnse insbsmv ]Icw \Im-sap
hnNm-cn-m Ah-cn\nv kzoI-cn-sSp-I-bn-, Aq-v Ghpw Zpjn hnNm-c-Wbp-v, Ah-cpsS ktXw \c-I-am-Ip-p, F{X tamis sXmn-ep-I (_Jd: 159161hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). kpa: 18 ]d-bp-p: Jp-B hN-\- {inp tIpIbpw ]noSv AXns\ (samw Jp-B-s\) Ghpw \-\n-ev ]n]-p-Ibpw sNp-h am{X-am-Ip-p Amlp kamKn-emn-b-h-cpw _pn-amam-cpw. Ass: 57
]d-bp-p: Atm BcmtWm Am-lp-hns Xr]vXn-bn \Ip-I-bpw, A\p-k-c-W-tSn\nv ]nn-cn-bp-I-bpw, Ghpw \-Xns\ (Jp-B\n-s\) kXy-s-Sp-p-Ibpw sNbvXXv, Atm Ahs Imcy-sf \mw Ffp--amnsmSp-pw. C_vdm-low: 22, JpB\ns Bi-b-an-msX ChnsS Pohn-p--h-scmw ]nim-Nns hnfn-mWp adp-]Sn
\Ip--sX-p \msf hnNm-cW Ign--Xn-\p-tijw ]nimNpXs Ah-tcmSp ]d-bp-
cwKap-v. ]ng-p -t]m-b-Xn\v ]nim-Nns\ Ip-sSpnbnv Imcy-an, Ahchsc Xs
Ip-s-Sp-tnhcpsa ap-dn-bnpw \Ip-p-v. apIv: 2, ac-Whpw P\-\hpw
krjvSn--Xv, \n-fn BcmWv Ghpw `wKn-bmbn Am-lp-hns\ Ip-sImv {]hnp-s
- Xp ]co-n-d
- n-bm-\m-sWp ]d-n-p-v. Am-lp-hns\ Ip-sIm-p {]hnm Jp-B\ns Bibw \n_--am-Wv. ^pkzn-e-v: 33, Am-lp-hn-tev Wnp-Ibpw, kI- sNp-I-bpw, Rm Am-lp-hn\v k-kzhpw kan--h-cn
s]-h-\m-sWv {]Jym-]n-p-Ibpw sNp--h-t\-m Ghpw \-hmv ]d-bp--h-\mcpv? Fv tNmZn-p-p. {]kvXpX kq-n Jp-B-\ns Bibw kan-p
Am-lp-hn-tev, Am-lp-hns hmmb Jp-BsImv hnfn-m-\mWv Bh-iy-s-Sp-Xv. lv: 24- Amlp ]d-bpp: \n ]cn-ip--amb hmn-tev (Jp-B-\n-te
v) apt-dp-I, \n kzbw kvXpXyl-\m-b-hs amK-n-tev apt-dp-I. ^pkznev: 34, \bpw Xnbpw ka-am-hp-I-bn-, \o Ghpw \-Xp-sImv Xnsb XS-bpI Fp]d-n-p-v. Ghpw \Xv Jp-B\ns Bi-b-am-Wv. \lv: 125-, AhtcmSv Ghpw \-Xp-sImv kwhmZw \S-p-I-sbv ]d-Xv Jp-B-\ns Bibw
sImv FmWv (_-Jd: 66,176 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I).
Am-lp-th, Rv hnizm-k-tmSpw `b-`-n-tbmSpw A\p-cm-K-hpw, \ntj-[tmSpw Im]-Sy-tmSpw [nm-c-tmSpw shdp-p-ap-m-t-Wta, Am-lp-th, Rsf
\o kamKntev \bn-p--hcpw, Rsf \o lpZm ]n]-t--hn[w ]n]-p-h-cpw, Rsf kpIrXw In-p--h-cpw, Rsf \o \ns Ip-sImv Ncn-p-h-cpw, Rsf a\-m--hm-Nm--IW \n\v Iog-S-n-b-h-cpw, Am-lp-th, Rsf
\ns lrZbwsImv kvacn-p--h-cpw, \n\v \n {]I-Sn-n-p--h-cpw, Rsf \o
am-ep-fpw sscy-ap--hcpw Bt-W-ta, Ap-l-th, R-fpsS lrZ-b-sf JpBsImv {]tim`n-n-p-I-bpw, R-fpsS kz`m-h- Jp-BsImv Ae--cn-pIbpw, Jp-BsImv \c-I-s-smv Rsf \o AI-p-Ibpw sNt-W-ta, Rsf
\o Jp-B ]n]-t--hn[w ]n]-p--cp-am-t-W-ta, Jp-B\ns\ Rv A\p-
210
JpB\ns Bmhv
Iq-e-ambn kmywhln-p hn[-n Bt-W-taRv FXncmbn-, JpB

Rv A\p-Iq-e-ambn hmZn-phn[-n Bt-W-taRv FXn-cm-bn-.
Am-lp-th, \ns al-mb ImcpWywsImv Rsf \o kzK-n hnNm-c-W-bnmsX apI-S--h-tcm-sSm-w, ]pWym-m--tfm-sSm-w, hnP-bn-I-tfm-sSm--w, Pohn-X-eyw
kmm-XvI-cn--h-tcm-sSm--w kzK-n {]th-in-n-pIbpw sNt-W-ta, Hm IcpW
sNph-cn Ghpw\mbn IcpW sN--h-t\ (Alvkm-_v: 35 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
187. t\mp-Ime cm{Xn-I-fn \nv \n-fpsS kv{XoI-fp-ambn kwkKntes-Sp-Xv A\p-hZ- n-s
- -n-cn-p-p. Ah \n-fpsS hkv{X-hpw \n
Ah-cpsS hkv{X-hp-am-Ip-p. \nbw \n kzs hn-n-cp-Xv
Amlp Adn-n-p-v. Ah \n-fpsS ]m-m]w kzoI-cn-p-Ibpw
\nsfsmv hnSpXn sNp-Ibpw sNbvXn-p-v. AXp-sImv Ctm
apX \n Ah-cp-ambn kwkK-n-tesSp-I. Amlp AXp-hgn
\nv tcJ-s-Sp-nbXv \n At\z-jn-p-Ibpw sNp-I. {]`m-Xn Idp \qen\nv shfp \q \nv hy-am-hp---Xp-h-sc
\n Xnp-Ibpw IpSn-p-I-bpw- sN-pI. ]noSv \n cm-{Xn-bm-Ip-Xp-hsc t\mv -]qn-bm-p-Ibpw sNp-I. ]n-Ifn \n `P-\-an-cnp-tm \n Ah-cp-ambn kwkK-n-tes-Sc
- p-Xv. CsXmw Amlp
\n-bn AXn-cp-I-fm-Ipp (]cn[n-I-fm-Ip-p). Atm AXp-sIms
\n ASpp-I-t]mepw sN-cp-Xv. A{]-Imcw Amlp Ahs kqsf a\p-jyv hni-Zo-I-cnv hy-am-n-sm-Sp-p-pAh kqvaX-bp--h-cm-Ip--Xn-\p-th-n.
Pmln-en--n kv{XoIfpw ]pcp-j-mcpw \-cm-bnmWv IAv_ Xzhm^v sNbvXncp-Xv, Fm Ah cm{Xn-bn Ccp-mb InS--d-bn Hmtcm-cp-cpw ]q-ambn adn-mWv InS-n-cp--Xv. BWn\v s]-nt\mSv Fs-nepw ]d-bm-\p-s-n Ah-cpsS
]pXv Aw \on Amlp ImWpw F `b-n Hfn-m-bn-cpp Ah kwkm-cnn-cp--Xv. lqZv: 5 Ah-cpsS Cu kz`m-hs Jn-p-sImv Amlp ]d-bp-p:
Adn-n-cn-pI, \nbw Ah Am-lp-hns\ `b-s-psImv amdn-S shfn-hmm
aSn-v hkv{Xw-sImv aqSp-tm-gp-w, F Ah cl-ky-am-p-Xpw ]c-ky-am-p-Xpw
Fmw Amlp Adn-bpp. \nbw Ah s\p-I-fpsS Ah Adn-bp--h X-sb-tm (bq\p-kv: 61 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). InS--d-bn BWpw s]pw Htchkv{X-n-\pn InS-p-Xv Amlp A\p-h-Zn-n-p--Xm-sWpw Hud-mb aqv ka-b--fn
hkv{Xw Agnpsh Ahv A\ph-Z-\o-b-am-sWpw A-q: 58- Amlp hnizmkn-I-sf ]Tn-n-n-p-v. AAvdm^v: 26, JpB\ns Bi-bamIp, XJvhbm-Ip
hkv{X-amWv Ghpw D-a-sapw ]d-n-p-v.
da-fm-\ns cmhp-I-fn kv{Xo kwkKw \njn--am-sWv kzbw Icp-Xp-Ibpw,
Fm Ccp-n Amlp ImWp-n F hnI-e-amb [mcWhp]pen, B-\nb-{Ww ssIhnv ssewKn-I-_ntes-ncp--Xn-s\-pdnmWv "\n \nsf
kzbw hn-Xv Amlp Adn-n-pv' Fp ]d--Xv. da-fms cmhp-I-fn Xobpw
IpSnbpw ssewKn-I-_-hpsamw ap- k-a-b--sf-tmse A\p-h-Zn-n-p-spw, da-fm-
A_-Jd (2)
211
\ns ]I-en {]`mXw apX {]tZmjwhsc am{Xta CsXmw \njn--am-n-bn-pq

FpamWv kq-neqsS ]Tn-n-pXv.
ka-b-a-dn-bp---Xn-v hmv, tmv XpSnb D]-I-c-W-- ]nm-ev Dmhpsa-dn-bmhp {XnIm-e-m-\n-bmb Am-lp-Xs, Idp \qen\nv shfp \q
\nv hy-am-hp---Xp-h-sc \n Xnp-Ibpw IpSn-p-Ibpw sNpI Fp-]-dXpsImv, _mv hnfnbp-Ss\ `-W ]m\o-b- \nn {hX-n {]th-int--Xn- Fpw, adnv {]`mXw hnS-cp--Xp-hsc Bh-iy-n-\p-th `W ]m\o-b D]-tbm-Kn-m-sapam-Wv a\-n-em-t-Xv. cm-as _mv (CJm-av) sImSpp--Xp-hsc `W ]m\o-b- D]-tbm-Kn-m-sav \_n (k)bpw ]Tn-n-n-p-v.
Fm Cv ap taJ-e-I-fn-semw hyXn-N-en--Xp-t]mseXs _mv hnfn--bp-Ss\
`W ]m\o-b- Ah-km-\n-nv {hX-n {]th-in-p--hcmWv `qcn-] apkvenwIfpw. lv: 11- "P\--fn-epv, Am-lp-hn\v Hcp hc-bn\nv C_m-Zv sNp--h'
Fv Amlp hnain-p-]-d Iq-n-emWv Ah Ds-n-p--Xv.
]n-I-fn `P-\-an-cn-p ka-b--fn kv{Xok-m-]tam ssewKn-I-_-tam Hpw
A\p-h-Z-\o-b-a-. \nv Amlp Ah-cn tcJ-s-Sp-n-bXv At\z-jn-pI Fp]d-Xns Xm-cyw, hnImcw Amlp a\p-jy\v \In-b-Xm-sWpw AXv iann
m\p amKhpw Ah-Xs-bmWv \In-b-sX-pw, AXv ian-n-p-Xv Ahs
Xr]vXn-bn-epw Ah ImWp-p-s t_m[-n-epam-bn-cn--Ww FpamWv. Bmhpw
Bmhpw Hm-bn-t-cp (CWtNcp) {]hrn-bmWv Ckvem-an Ghpw henb
C_m-Z-v (A-Avdm^v: 189). ssewKn-I-_w km-t\m]m-Z-\-n\v thn-bp--XpIqSn-bmb-Xp-sImv B Dtiyhpw CXns hnh--bn hcp-p-v. _Jd: 223, \n
"\np-thn apIqn Hcp-n-sh-p-I'Fp-]-d-Xpw km-t\m]m-Z\w \S-pI
F Dt-iy-n-em-Wv. An-km-Av: 119-, Rm AhcpsS krn-ns\ amn-a-dnpsav
]nimNv ]d- - X ns hnh, km- t \m]m- Z \s XS- b p- s amWv . GsXmcp
{]hrnbpw Am-lp-hns \ma-n-emWv Bcw-`n-t-Xv F-Xn-\m CW-tN-cp-tm
Am-lp-hns \ma-n, Am-lp-th, R-sfsmpw Rv Cu {]hrn-bneqsS \Ip--Xn-s\-sm-pw ]nim-Nns\ (CS-s]-Sm\-\p-h-Zn-msX) AI-t-W-ta Fv
BWpw s]pw {]tXyIw lrZ-bw sImv {]mn-W-sav \_n(-k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v.
Am-lp-hns kq- hni-Zo-I-cn-p-Xv a\p-jy kqva-X-bp B-\n-b{Ww ]men-ph-cmIm thn-bmWv Fp ]d-XpsImv, Jp-B-\ns Bibw
]Tnv ap--hv Ah-cpsS lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn ]Tn-n-p-sIm-Sp- apkvenfpsS
Hgn-p-Iq-Sm ]m _m[y-X-bmWv. (A-Bw: 21,47, AAv-dm^v: 40,41, bq\p-kv: 17 Iqn-hmbn-p-I). A-Bw: 59-,61, AAvdm^v: 164, Xzmlm: 113, kpa: 28 XpS--nb kq--sfmw
Ah kqva-X-bp--h-cm-Ip--Xn\pthn F Bib-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bmWv Ah-km-\np--Xv.
188. \n ]c-kv]cw \n-fpsS [\w Ahn-ln-X-ambn Xn-cp-Xv. Ip-I-c-ambn
P\--fp-sS -[-\-n\nv Hcp `mKw Xnp--Xn-\p-thn \n Adn-hp-h-cm-bn-cns Acw hmZhpwsImv hn[n-Im-sf kao-]n-pIbpa-cp-Xv.
212
JpB\ns Bmhv
An-km-Av: 29 hnizm-kn-Isf hnfnv Amlp ]d-bpp: ]c-kv]cw a\-p-sImv

Xr]vXn-s I-h-S-n-eq-sS-b-msX \n \n-fpsS [\w ]c-kv]cw Ahn-ln-X-ambn
Xn-cp-Xv, \n \n-sf-s sImp-I-bp-a-cp-Xv. a\p-jyn-S-bn A\ym-b-ambn
[\w Xnp kml-N-cy-ap-m-bm hntcm-[hpw hntZz-jhpw hf-cp-Ibpw sImebpw cw
Nnepw \mihpw hn-p-Ibpw sNpw. I-t-kp-I-fp-ambn tImS-Xnsb kao-]n--cp
Xv, tImS-Xn-bn Ah-c-hv \ymbw e`n-p--Xn-\p-thn ssIqen sImSp--cp-Xv,
ssIqen hm-cp-Xv, Ifhv ]d-b-cp-Xv, I-kmyw hln--cpXv Fpw ]eni, NqXm-w,
Iv XpS-nb ss]im-NnI hrn-I-fn-eqsS ]Ww km-Znp Xn-cp-sXpw Cu kqw
]Tn-n-p-p. I--S-v, ]qgvn-sh-v, Icn--, ambw tN, Ipg-Ww, BfpI
fpsS Adn-hn-mbva NqjWw sNp-I XpS-nb {]hrn-IfneqsS km-Zn-p-sXmw
Ahnln-Xhpw, AXv X-fpsS Ipn-Isf Xom ]mSn-m--Xm-sWpw Cu kqw ]Tnn-p-p (An-km-Av: 135, lv: 30, ^pJm: 72 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 172 hni-ZoI-cWw t\mp-I.
189.
Nt{mZ-b-spdnv (N{s hr-n--b-s-p-dn-v) Ah \ntmSv

tNmZn-p-p, \_ntb ]d-bp-I: AXv P\-v kabw \n-bn-p-Xn\pw ln-\p-ap--Xm-Ip-p. \n hoSp-I-fn AXns ]nd-In-eq-sS
{]th-in-p-Xn ]pWy-sam-p-an-. Fm Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-b-n
kqn--emWv ]pWyw. \n hoSp-I-fn AXns bYm hmXn-ep-Ifn- e qsSXs {]th- i n- p- s Im- p- I . \n Amlphns\ kqnpI\n hnP-bn-I-fm-hpI-X-s-thWw F--Xn-\p-th-n.
Pmln-en--n hnhn[ A-hn-izm-k--fpsS Iq-n, lv amkw ]nd-m

P\- B amk-n-d-hn ImWm-Xn-cn-m X-fpsS hoSp-I-fn {]th-in-n-cp-Xv ]pd-IneqsS Npa-cp-I Xpctm As-n Infn-hm-Xn-en-eq-sStbm B-bn-cp-p. As\ Ah
sNbvXn-cp-Xv N{s BIrXn Iv lns kabw a\-n-em-nb-tijw ln\v
]s-Sp-m-Xn-cp-m-ep a\x-km-n-pn\nv c-sSm\m-bn-cp-p. Cv apkven
a-bn-ep IAv-_sb Jn_vebmbn AwKo-I-cn-p-h-cm-sWv hmZn-ppsnepw,
AhnSps \mfnse t\mpw s]cp-mfpw AwKo-I-cn-m-Xn-cn-p-Ihgn bYm-n
Ah IAv-_sb Jn_vebmbn AwKo-I-cn-p-n-. am{X-a-, Znh-k-v temI-smcn-Spw aman. aWn-q-dp-I-fpsS amw am{X-tabpq F Xncn--dn-hv t]mepan m
Ch Am-lp-hn-s\bpw dkq-en-s\bpw A\p-k-cn-msX N{s\bmWv A\p-k-cn p-Xv. AXphgn N{\v kpPqZv sNp temI-nse GI-P-\-X-bmbn (apivcn-p-I fmbn)
Ch A[:]Xnn-cn-p-p. ^p-zn-ev: 37 Amlp ]d-bpp: cmhpw ]Iepw, kqcy\pw
N{\pw Am-lp- Dv F-Xn\v sXfn-hm-Ip-p. \n kqcyt\m N{t\m kpPqZv
sN-cp-Xv, \n Ahsb krn Am-lp-hn\v am{Xw kpPqZv sNp-I--\n- Ah-\pthn am{Xw Pohn-p-h-cm-sW-n (A-Bw: 96, bq\p-kv: 5 Iqn-hm-bn-pI).
BIm-i-`q-an-I-fn-epw \n-fnepw kw`-hn-p Imcy--sfmw Amlp t\cs
\n-bn-v- D-d-n-n-p--Xm-sWpw AsXmw Hcp {K-n tcJ-s-Sp-n-bn-p-spw
lv: 70-epw, lZoZv: 22-epw Amlp ]d-bp-p. kqcy\pw N{\pw n]vX-amb IW-pI \n-bn-n-psv Ad-lvam: 5 ]d-n-p-v. cv DZ-b -m\-fp-sSbpw
A_-Jd (2)
213
cv AkvX-a-b -m\--fp-sSbpw DSa Fv Ad-lvam: 17- ]d--Xns hnh-,

kqcy\pw N{-\p-w `qan-bpsS ctKmffnepw DZn-p-I-bpw, AkvX-an-p-Ibpw sNppshmWv. a\pjy-s Pnp-Iq-p-Im-cs\ Jp-B-\ns Bibw ]Tn-n-n-nsn
ac-W-tijw Ah Pnp-Iq-p-Im-c-s\ Nqn: \n\pw F\n-p-an-S-bn cv DZ-b-m-\fpsS hgn-Zq-c-ap-m-bn-cp-s-n F{X \m-bn-cp-t-s\, \osb{X Zpjn Iqp-Im-c
Fp]-d-bp-sav kpKvdp^v: 38- ]d-n-pv. ChnsS cv DZ-b-m-\--fpsS AI
bpm-bn-cp-s-n F{X \m-bn-cp-ts\ Fp-]-d--Xp-sImv, temIshn-sSbpw
Hcp-Zn-hkns hyXym-k-an-, adnv cmhn-ttbm ]I-en-ttbm hyXymkw am{X-ta-bpq
F-XmWv. AXp-sImv `qan-bpsS tI{-hpw Jn_vebpamb a-bn FmtWm N{ndhn AX-\p-k-cnv temIw apgp-h ]n]-p-I-bmWv th-Xv. AXn\v DNn-X-amb coXn-bnemWv {XnIm-e-m-\nbmb Amlp \mSp-I-sfbpw \mSp-I-fpsS tI{-amb a-tbbpw
kwhn-[m-\nnp-Xv. amapivcn-p-I Ah-cpsS Cm-\n--f-\p-k-cnv Zn-h-k-fpw
amk-fpw Fmw amn-ad
- n-n-cpp Fv Xu_: 3536 ]d-bpp. lv AXns bYm
Znh-k--fn-embn-cpn \S-n-cp--Xv. apl-Zv \_n(-k) hXn-\p-tijw "l-phnZm-C's Znh-k-n- lv bYm Znh-knembn hp. hj-p-tijw hopw
AXv hyXn-N-en-p. C\n Jn_ve AwKo-I-cn-p-sImv \mSpIfpsS tI{-amb a-bn-ep
AtX ZnhknXs temIv Fmbn-Spw t\mv, s]cp-m, Ad^, lv
XpSnb Zn\--sfmw bYm-cq-]-n \S-n-emhm Cukm-\-_n htc--Xp-v.
hoSp-I-fpsS bYm hmXn-ep-I-fn-eqsS {]th-in-pI Fp]d-m Fm hnjb--fnepw Xpd kao-]\w ssIsm-pI, hfhpw Hfnhpw Xncnhpw HpanmsX Amlp-hns\ Ip-sImv AYhm Amlp ImWp-pv F t_m[-n \ne-sIm-p-I
FmWv. Ben-Cw-dm: 130,200, amCZ: 35,90,100, AAvdm^v: 69, A^m: 45, lv: 77,
Aq: 31, PpapA: 10 XpS-nb kq--sfmw Ah-km-\n-p--Xpw "\n hnP-bn-Ifm-hpI-X-s -thWw' F-- Bi-b-n-em-Wv. _Jd: 1,5,143-146,177- hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
190. \n-tfmSv bpw sNp-h-tcmSv Am-lp-hns amK-n \nfpw bpw
sNp-hn. \n AXn-{I-an-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-hn, \nbw AXn{I-a-Im-cn-Isf Amlp C-s-Sp-n-.
191. \n Ahsc ]nSn-In-p-t-S-p-shv sImp-I-f-bp-I. \nsf Fhn-sS\n-mtWm Ah ]pd-m-n-bXv Ahn-sS-\nv Ah-scbpw ]pd-m-p-I.
h[-t-m ITn-\-amWv \miw. akvPn-Zpldm-anshv \ntfmSv Ah
bpw sNp--Xp-hsc AhnsSshv \n Ah-tcmSpw bpw sNpItbm(h-[n-p-I-tbm) AcpXv. C\n Ah \n-tfmSv (A-hnsSshv) bpw sNpI-bm-sW-n \n Ah-tcmSpw bpw sNpI. A{]-Im-c-amWv kXy-adnv AXns\ \ntj-[n-p-hp {]Xn-^-ew.
192. C\n Ah hnc-an-pI-bm-sWn Atm \nbw Amlp Gsd s]mdp
p-- Icp-Wm-hm-cn[n-bp-a-tm.
193. \miapm- I m- X n- c n- p- Xp- h - s cbpw Zo Am- l p- h n\v am{X- a mIp
214
JpB\ns Bmhv
Xphscbpw \n AhtcmSv bpw sNp-I. C\n Ah hnc-an-p-I-bmsW-n A{I-an-I-tfm-S-msX i{Xp-Xbn-.
Am-lp-hn hniz-kn--Xns t]cnepw, Ah\n-tev a\p-jysc hnfnp F-Xns

t]cnepw kzw hoSp-I-fn\npw IpSpw-_mw-K--fn\npw \mSp-I-fn\npw ]pd-m-s hnizm-kn-Iv bp-n\v A\p-hmZw sImSp-p-sImv lv: 3940 Amlp
]d-bp-p: a\p-jy-cn Hcp hn`m-Ks asmcp hn`m-K-s-smv {]Xn-tcm-[nn-p-m-bncp-n-s-n Am-lp-hns\ [mcm-f-ambn kvacn-p -a-T-fpw PqX-tZ-hm-eb-fpw- ss{IkvXh NpIfpw apkvenw ]nIfpw XI-s-Sp-am-bn-cp-p. Amlp Ahs\ klmbn-p--hsc klm-bn-p-I-Xs sNpw. _J-d: 216- bpw \nv \n_--amn-bn-cn-pp, AXv \nv C-an-s-n-epw, \nv C--an-m- HcpImcyw \bmtbmw \nv C-ap- Hcp-Imcyw Xnm-bpam-tb-mw, Am-lp Adn-bp-p,
\ntfm Adn-hn-m--h-cm-Ipp Fp]d-n-p-v. Fm bp-n kv{XoI-sftbm
Ipn-I-sftbm hb--m-sctbm h[n-m ]mSn-. arK--sf h[n-mt\m Irjn- \in-nmt\m ]mSn-. Ah-cn\np Jp-B tIm- h-h\pw bp-ap-J-p-shv
\ntmSv A`bw tNmZnm Ahv A`bwsImSp-p-Ibpw Ahsc kpc-n-X-amb etv AI-Sn tkhnv Fn-p-Ibpw thWw Fv Xu_: 6 ]d-n-p-v. Cu
\nb-a--sfmw ewLn--emWv ]cn[newLn- sImp hnh-.
h[-t-m ITn\-amWv \miw (^nXv\) Fp]dm, h[-tm-Sp-IqSn Ahs
IY Ignbpw, ap ]oV-\- A\p-`-hn-tn hcpn-. Fm ^nXv\ am\-knI
]oV-\hpw a-\hpw {]oW-\hpw D]-{Z-hhpw Fmw tN sImmsX sIm-em-Wv.
h[wsImv PohnXw Ah-km-\n-p-sa-n ^nXv\ PohnXw IqSp-X Zpcn-X-]q-am-pI-bmWv sNp-p-Xv. Ckvemw imnbpw kam-[m-\hpw sFIy-hp-amWv Dt-in-p--Xv.
am apivcn-p-IfpsS `mj-bn-emWv Jp-B Cd-n-b-Xv. Fgppw hmb-\bpw Adn-bp-h IqSp-Xepw Ah-cn-em-bn-cpp. apl-Zv \_n (k)bpw A\p-bm-bn-I-fn-e-[n-Ihpw \nc-c-cpam-bn-cp-p. AXp-sIm-mWv Jp-B Adn-nv AXp aqSn-sh Im^n-dp-I JpB-\ns\ FXnp-I-hgn Ahv hnizm-kn-I-fpsS Ic--fm-ep h[-amWv {]Xn-êw
Fp]d--Xv. Jp-B-\n An-km-Av: 91, Xu_: 123, Alvkm_v: 61 Fo aqp
kq-fneqsS h[n-m Bh-iy-s-Xv C-cw -ap-\m-^n-Jp-I-sf-bm-Wv. Cv, ap\m-^nJp-I apkvenw-I-fn\nv am{Xta Dm-hq. ^nXv\ Cm-Xm-hp-Ibpw Zo apgp-h\pw
Am-lp-hn-\m-Ip--Xp-hscbpw bpw sNpI Fp]d--Xns Xmcyw a\p-jyscsbmw Am-lp-hmWv `qan-bn-tev sImp-h-cp-Xv. Ahv Ah Xr]vXn-s]
GI PohnX hyh--bmWv Ckvemw. Hmtcmcp-pw Ah-chcpsS hnizm-khpw ap-hv tZmjw sNm BNm-c-fpw A\p-jvTn-m kzmX{yw e`n-p-- kml-Ncyw
\mn Dm- I pXp- h sc bpw \S- - W - s a- m- W v . AmsX Fm Bfp- I fpw
apkventfm hnizm-kn-Itfm BIpXp-hsc bpw sNpI F-, A-s\-bm-sWn aXn \n_--an (_-Jd: 256), Hcmpw Hcm-sfbpw hnizm-kn-bm-m km[ya (bq-\pkv: 99100) XpS-nb kq-v AXv hncp--am-Ipw.
Npcp--n, hnizm-kn-I Am-lp-hn-\p-thn am{X-amWv bpw sNp-Xv.
A^m: 17 _Zv bpn \ntj-[n-Isf h[n hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv Amlp ]d-
A_-Jd (2)
215
bpp: \n Ahsc sIm-tm \n-f-hsc sImn-n-, Fm Am-lp-hmWv

Ahsc sIm-Xv. kXyw BcpsS `mK-m-sWp Xncn--dn-bm-\p--Xm-bn-cpp _Zv
bpw. _Zv bpw Ignv A^m: 19-mw kqw Ah-X-cn-nv Amlp tNmZnpp: \n ^Xvh tNmZn-s-n \nv ^Xvh Xp-I-gn-p, \n ]nn-cnbp-I-bm-sW-n AXmWv \nv \-Xv. \n {]Xn-Im-c-tm-Sp-IqSn hcn-I-bm-sWn \mapw {]Xn-Imcw sNpw. \n-fpsS kwL-_ew AsX{X hep-Xm-sW-nepw AXv
\nv D]-Im-c-s-Sp-I-bn, \nbw, Amlp hnizm-kn-I-tfm-sSm--am-Wv. Fm
Cu kq-n\v hncp--am-bn-mWv ASp hjw \S DlvZv bp-ns Ana
êw apkvenw-Iv A\p-`h
-- s-Xv. \_n-bpsS lnPvd-p-tijw am apivcn-p-Iv
Jp-B kq- e`n-m-Xn-\m Ahsc inn-p--Xn\v Am-lp-hn\v \ymb-apm-bn-cp-n-. Poh-\p--hsc ap-d-nbnv \Im-\pw, \ntj-[n-I-fp-S-ta \ymbw m]nX-am-Im-\p-amWv Cu Jp-B Ah-X-cn-n-n-p-Xv Fv bmko: 70- ]d-n-p-v.
Jp-B kq- XpSpw e`n-n-cp aZo-\bnse apkvenw-I-fpsS Iq-nep I]S-hn-izmkn-I "Kz\o-av' apXen-t\mSpw ùXnI Pohn-X-tmSpw Bn-bp--hcpw, Amlp-hn-s\bpw ]c-tem-I-sbpw ad--hcpambXv ImcWamWv DlvZv bp-ns An-aêw apkvenw-Iv H-t\m--n ]cm-P-b-am-bXv. DlvZv bpw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fn\nv
hnizm-kn-Isf thXn-cn-m-\mWv kw`-hn-n--sXv Ben-Cw-dm: 166167 kq-fn
ImWmw.
Am-lp-hnsbpw dkq-en-sbpw hnizm-kn-I-fp-sSbpw i{Xp-, Jp-B kq-tfmSv hntcm[wshp-sIm-n-cn-p-- A{I-an-Ifpw ap\m-^n-Jp-I-fp-amsWv ^pkzn-ev:
28, AAv-dm^v 51 kq--fn\nv a\-n-em-mw (amCZ: 44,45,47, A^m: 39-40,
AI-_qv: 47-49 kq-- Iqn-hm-bn-p-I) Cv bptam h[tam C, adnv Jp
B aqSn-sh-p I]-S-hn-izm-kn-ItfmSv, Jp-BsImv A[n-I-cn PnlmZv am{X--am-WpsXv ^pJm: 52 ]d-n-p-v.
194. bpw \njn--amb amk-n\p]Icw bpw \njn--am--s amkw Xsbm-Wv. \njn--p]Icw \njn--X-s-bm-Wv. Atm \n-tfmSv
AXn-{Iaw ImWn--h-tcmSv Xp-ey-ambn \nfpw AXn-{Iaw ImWn-p-I.
\n Am-lp-hns\ kqn-p-Ibpw sNp-I. \nbw Amlp Ahs\
lrZ-b
- n kqn-p-h
- t- cm-sSm-a
- m-sWv \n Adn-bp-Ibpw sNpI.
lnPvd hjnse ZpJ-AZv, Zpl-v, apldw Fo aqp amk- ln-\pth-nbpw, dP_v amkw Dwdv thnbpw bpw \njn--amb amk--fmbn C_vdmlow
\_n(-A)-bpsS Imew apX BN-cn-p-h-n-cps-nepw, Ime-{I-taW C_vdmlowCkvamCu \_n-am-cpsS hgn-]n-g km-\--fmb amapivcn-p-I Ah-cpsS CwKn-X--f-\pk-cnv amk-fpw Znh-k--fp-samw amnadnv bpw \njn--amb amk--fn hnizm-knI-tfmSv bpw sNp-Ibpw, sIm, Ih XpS-nb A{I-a
-- Agn-p-hn-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXncp-p. AXns\Xn-cn hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv {]Xn-I-cn-m-\m-h-iy-s-p-sIm-mWv Cu kqw
Ah-X-cn--Xv. \nbw "\koAv' (bpw \njn--amb amk-sf amn-a-dn-) \ntj-[n-semcp h-\hv am{X-am-Wv. Amlp \njnam-n-b-Xns\ A\p-h-Z-\o-bam-p-Ibpw,
Amlp A\p-h-Zn--Xns\ \njn--am-p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-p. Acw Zpjn {]h-
216
JpB\ns Bmhv
\- Ahp Ae-m-ca
- m-s
- -n-cn-p-p. Acw Ip^v^m-dp-Isf Amlp kamKn-tev \bn-p-I-bn-msbv Xu_: 37 ]d-np-v.
lv (A-d^mZn\w) shn-bmgvN Znh-k--fn hcp-tm XncpIpd-p--Xn\pw
kuI-cy-n\pwthn Znhkw amn \n-bn-p--Xpw, t\mpw s]cp-m-fp-samw Jn_ve
bn-ep Znh-k-fnemsX hnhn[\mfpIfn A\p-jv-Tn-p-Xpw B[p-\nI Imev
\S-p "\koC' s]Xm-Wv. apldw ]v Ign-bp-Xn-\p-apv {][m\ {]h-\-fn\nv Hgnp\np-I, sNmmtZmjw t\mpI, cmin shp-I, hnhmlw \n-bnp--Xn\v \lvkv (A-ip-`-Zn-\w) t\mp-I, hoSv {]th-i-\-n\v kabw t\mp-I, lJoJv Adp-ptm Dcp-hns Igp-n In-sh-p AtXkabwXs Ipn-bpsS
apSn If-bpXn-\p-thn In-sh-pI XpS-n A\nkvemanIamb Fm BNm-cm-\pjvTm-\
- fpw amaq-ep-Ifpw CXns kam-\a
- mb D]DZm-lc
- W
-
-
- (auC-f
- v)BWv. "\njn-p]Icw \njn--Xs' F-Xp-sImv Dt-in-p--Xv, bpw \njn--amb
amk--fn Ah bp-n\v hm X-k-a-b-p-Xs Xncn--Sn-W-samWv. \njn-amb e-p-sh-mWv h[-sa-n AhnsS shp-Xs {]Xn-Ic
- n-m-hp-X
- m-Wv. amCZ:
45- {]Xn-{Inb hnh-cn-p-Xv, \^vkn\p]Icw \^vkv, In\p]Icw Iv, aqn\p]Icw
aqv, sNhnp]Icw sNhn, ]n\p ]Icw ]v, apdn-hp-Iv ]Icw Xp-ey-amb apdn-hpI Fn--s\-bmWv. "Amlp Ahs\ lrZ-b-n kqn-p--h-tcm-sSm--am-sWv
\n Adn-bp-Ibpw sNpI' Fv kq-n ]d-Xns hnh-, Am-lp-hns\
ad-p-sImv IqSp-X AXn-{Iaw ImWn--cpXv Fm-Wv (\lv: 127 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I)
Xu_: 36,123 kq--fpw, "\nbw Am-lp Ahs\ lrZ-b-n kqn-p--h-tcmsSm--amWv' F Bi-b-tmSpIqSn-bmWv Ah-km-\n-p--Xv. \lv: 128, \nbw
Amlp Ahs\ lrZ-b-n kqn-p--h-tcm-sSm--hpw, Ahs\ Ip-sImv Ncnp--h-tcm-sSm--hp-am-Wv Fp]-d-npv (_-Jd: 217, amCZ: 2,97 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
195. \n Am-lp-hns amK-n sN-e-h-gn-pI. \nfpsS ssIIfm
\nsf \mi-n-te-v hen-s-dn-bmXn-cn-p-Ibpw sNpI. \n Amlp-hns\ IpsImv Ncn-p--h-cpam-Ip-hn. \nbw Amlp Ahs\
Ip-sImv Ncn-p--hsc C-s-Sp-phtm.
Am-lp-hns amKn bpw -sN-p--Xn-\v bp-km-a-{Kn-Ifpw hml-\-fpw
apw hmp--Xn\pthn ]Ww sNe-h-gn--W-sapw As\ ]Ww sNe-h-gn-msX
]nipv ImWn-m bp-n -i{Xp- \nsf AXn-P-bn-p-sapw, As\ \n
\n-fpsS Ic--fmXs \in-m-\nShcp-sapw Amlp hnizm-kn-Isf DWp-Ibm-Wv. kzbw ]nipv ImWn-p-Ibpw ap a\p-jy-tcmSv ]nipv ImWn-m Iev]n-pIbpw, Amlp \Inb A\p-{K-l- aqSn-sh-p-Ibpw sNp--h Im^n-dp-I-fpw, ]nimNns Iqp-Im-cp-am-sWpw Ccw \ntj-[n-Iv AXn-\n-y-amb in Hcp-n-sh-n-pspw An-km-Av: 37-38 ]d-n-p-v (Xu_: 67 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Ckvdm-Av: 29-
\n \n-fpsS ssII ]nc-Sn-bn _n-p-Itbm AXp apgp-h\pw \on-bn-Sp-Itbm
sN-cpX,v AXphgn \n A[n-t]ml-cpw kzbw ZpxJn-X-cp-ambn Ccp-p-t]m-Ipw
Fp]d-n-pv. A-m-lp-hns amK-n sNe-h-gn-mthn \n hnfn--sSp-tm, \n-fn ]nipv ImWn-p--h-cp-v, BcmtWm ]nipv ImWn-pXv,
A_-Jd (2)
217
Atm Ah-t\m-Sv -X-s-bmWh ]n-ipv ImWnp-Xv. Amlp sFiz-cy-hm\pw

\n Zcn-{Z-c-cp-am-Ip-p. C\n \n Am-lp-hns amK-n sNehgn-m Xmd-s-n Atm-f-h \n-fpsS m\v asmcp P\-Xsb ]Icw sImph-cpw; ]nsb-h \n-sf-tmse Bbn-cn-p-I-bpan- Fv kqd: apl-Zv: 38 ]d-npv.
cw NnmsX, \miw hnX-bvmsX, hmbphpw shhpw AXns kp-en-Xm-h- b n \ne- \ nn- s mv , Hmtcm- c p- pw Ah- c psS hnizm- k - shp- ] pensmp imn kq--amb kzKo-b-Po-hnXw ChnsS ]Wn-b-emWv hnizmkn-I-fpsS Pohn-X-eyw. Jp-B\ns Bibw a\p-jy-cn-tev lrZ-b--fpsS `mj-bn
Fn-pI am{X-amWv AXn-\p GI-h-gn. \nbw Amlp Ahs\ Ip-sImv Ncnp--hsc CjvS-s-Sp-p-htm F Bi-b-n-em-Wv amCZ: 13-Dw Ah-km-\n-p--Xv.
_Jd: 112- hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
196. Am-lp-hn-\p-thn \n lpw Dwdbpw ]qn-bm-p-I. C\n \n
XS-b-s-m, km[y-amb _en \n-ln-p-I. _en-arKw AXns m\s-p--Xp-hsc \n Xe ap\w sN-cp-Xv. C\n \nfn\nv
h-h\pw tcmKn-bm-hp-Itbm, Xe-bn h D]-{Z-hapm-bn (Xe ap\w
sNtn hcnItbm) sNbv X m t\mp- s Imtm Zm- \ - w sImtm
_ensImtm AXn\p {]mb-nw \I-Ww. \n XS-bs
- -Sm \n`b-cmb Ah--bn, \n-fn-sem-cm Dwd-bn\nv hnc-anv lphsc
kpJ-sa-Sp-p ]w _en-bn\nv km[y-am-bXv \I-Ww. C\n \nfn _enbn-m km[n-m-h
- aqp Znhkw lns \mfp-If
- nepw,
Ggp Znhkw hon Xncn-s-nbtijhpw {hX-a-\p-jvTnv ]v Znhkw
]qn-bm--Ww. AXv akvPnZp ldm-ans ]cn-kchm-kn-I-fn s]Sm-hm-Wv. \n Am-lp-hns\ kqn-p-I, \n Adn-bp-Ibpw sNp
I\nbw Amlp ITn-\-ambn inn-p---h- Xs-bm-Wv.
Dwd:\n-bn--s ep (aoJm-v) shv Ipfnp hrn-bmbn Clvdm-an
{]th-in-tijw abn-se-n lP-dp AkvhZv apX lP-dp AkvhZv hsc IA_sb
CSXp hi-mn Ggp {]mhiyw Npp--Xns\ "Xz-hm-^v' Fp]d-bp-p. tijw aJmap
C_vdm-ln-anshv Hmw dIv-A-n kqd: Im^n-dq\pw cmw dIv-A-n CJvemkpw
HmXn-smv cv dIv-Av \a-kvI-cn-p-p. ]noSv k^mbn\nv XpSn ahxbn
Ah-km-\n-phn[w Ggp {]mhiyw Atm-p-an-tm-p-ambn \Spp. CXn\v "kAvbv'
Fp]dbp-p. CXn\ptijw Xe ap\w sNbvtXm apSn shntbm Clvdm-an\nv
hnc-an-p-p, CXmWv Dwd.
lv:ln\v aqv cq]-ap-v. (1) "Xa-p-Av':- lns amk--fn Dwd \nlntijw -C-lvdm-an\nv hnc-an-p-I-bpw, -Zplv Fn\v ln\pthn Ipfnp
hrn-bmbn Clvdm-an {]th-inv ao\m-bn-tev t]mhp-Ibpw, AhnsS Ap t\cs
\a-kvImcw AXmXv ka-b--fn (PwAv IqSmsX) fplvdpw Akdpw CimDw Cucv dIvA-mbn Npcp-n \a-kvI-cn-p-p. Ahn-sS-\nv Zplv HXn\v Ad-^bn-tev
]pd-s-Spp. fplvdpw Akdpw Cucv dIv-A-p-I-fmbn fplvdns ka-bv Hcp-anv \akvI-cntijw aKvcn_v hsc Ad-^-bn {]m\m \n`-c-cmbn \np-p. AkvX-a-
218
JpB\ns Bmhv
b-n\ptijw apkvZ-en-^bn Xncnphv AhnsSshv aKvcn_v aqpw, CimAv cv

dIv-A-p-ambn Hcp-anv \a-kvI-cn-p-p.- cm{Xn apkvZ-en-^bn Ign-p-Iqn ]ntZnhkw
{]`m-X-n aiv-A-dpl-dm-anshv ZoL-amb {]mnpIbpw, tijw kqcy DZnp--tXmsS Ip-I-fp-ambn ao\m-bn t]mbn a-tbm-S-Sp-p Pwd-pIp_vdbn
Ggp {]mhiyw Fdn-bp-Ibpw sNp-p. _en-bn-p-Ibpw, Xe ap\w sNp-Ibpw,
Ipfnv hrn-bmhpIbpw sNbvXtijw abn IA-_b
- n t]mbn lns "Xzhm^pw
kAvbpw' \n-ln-v Clvdm-an\nv hncanp-p. CXn\v Hmw (hn-c-an-) Fp]dbp-p. CtXm-Sp-IqSn kv{Xokw-kKsamgnsI, Clvdm-an hntcm-[n--sXmw A\p-h-Z-\obam-Ip--Xm-Wv. Dwdptijw Clvdm-an\nv hnc-anv Clvdm-an hntcm-[n A\p-hZ-\o-b-amb Imcy- Bkz-Zn--Xn\v ]Icambn-mWv _en \I-m Iev]n-np--Xv.
(2). Jzndm:ln\pw Dwdpwthn Hcp-anv Clvdmw sNp-Ibpw Dwd Ign--Xn\p
tijw Clvdm-an\nv hnc-an-msX, lv Ign-bp--Xp-hsc Clvdm-anXs \ne-sImp-I. (3). C^vdmZv:- Dwd IqSmsX ln\pthn am{Xw Clvdmw sNbvXv ao\m-bn-tev
t\cnv hcpp. _en-ar-Ksbpw IqsSsImp-h-cph-cmWv Cu cq]w -kzo-I-cn-t--Xv.
"_en-arKw AXns m\v Fp--Xp-hsc' F-Xp-sImv Dt-iyw, D]-tcm[n--s Ah--bn _en An-p--Xp-hsctbm As-n _en \S-p ao\mbn Fp--Xp-hsctbm FmWv. Hcm tcmKtam Xe-bn IoS-i-eytam atm DXp-Im-cWw _en-bn-p--Xn\p apv Xe-ap--\w- sN-p-I-bm-sW-n AXn\p {]mbn--ambn "^nZvb' \I-Ww. _en-bntijw apSn-sb-Sp-m ]m tcmKtam,
ap\w sN-m ]m Ah-tbm Xe-bn-ep-s-n Ahpw ^nZvb \In Xeap-\w sNm-Xn-cn-m-hp--XmWv Fpw Bi-b-am-hmw. Xe ap\w sNbvX-hv
aqp {]mhiyw {]mn--Xn\ptij-amWv \_n (-k) XeapSn shp-hpthn
{]mn--Xv. Cy-bn\nv ln\v t]mIp--hv "Xa-p-Av' Bb cq]-amWv kzoIcn-m-hp--Xv. Fm _en \Ip--Xn\nv Hmgn-hmIp--Xn-\p-thn Nne Bfp-I
Dwd \n-lntijw Xl-p-embn aZo-\bn t]mhp-Ibpw Ahn-sS-\nv ln-t\m-SSp Zn\--fn ln\pw Dwdpw Hcp-anv Clvdmw sNp Jzndm cq]w kzoI-cn-pIbpw sNp-p-v. Amlp lrZ-b--fpsS Ah Adn-bp--h-\mWv F t_m[-anmsX Am-lp-hns\ ad-p-sh-p-sIm-p Ccw {]h-\ sNp--hv AXnI-Tn-\-amb in-bpv Fv Cu kqw ap-dn-bnp \Ip-p (lv: 29 Iqn-hm-bn-p
I). _Jd: 211, A^m: 13,25, liv: 4,7 XpS-nb kq--fpw, \nbw Amlp
AXn-I-Tn-\-ambn inn-p--h-\m-sW Bi-b-n-emWv Ah-km-\n-p--Xv. _Jd: 66
hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
197. lv, Adn-b-s Nne amk-fnem-Ip-p (i-m, ZpJA-Zv, Zplv)
Atm Bsc-nepw B amk-f
- n ln\pthn Xocp-am\n-m, lv
thfbn kv { Xokw- k Ktam A[tam (I]Shnizmk\b- t am)
XtImem-letfm \S-m ]mSn. \bn\nv \n Fsmv
{]hnmepw AXv Amlp Adn-bp-p. \n kuI-cy-fpw ]mtY-bfpw hn-n-p-I, Ghpw D-a-amb ]mtYbw Am-lphns\ lrZ-bn kqn--em-Wv. Hm, _pn-am-m-tc \n Fs kqn-p--h-cmhpI.
A_-Jd (2)
219
kv{Xokw-kKw Fp]d-m kwtbmKw am{X-a-, Npw_-\w, hnImcw Dt-Pnn-p hn[-n-ep t\mw, kv]i-\w, kwkm-cw, s]cp-am-- Fmw Ds-Sp-Xm-Wv. I]-S-hn-izm-k-\bw Fp]d-m Am-lp-hns\ ad Ah--bn \ne-sImp-I, hnizm-knv tbmPn-m hn[-n Am-lp-hns\ ad-p-sh-p-sIm-p
kwkmcfpw {]h-\
- fpw \S-p-I Fs-m-am-Wv. X-tIm-em-le
-
- Fp]dm tZio-b-X, `mj, \ndw Fnh-bp-sS ASnm-\-n-ep kp-Nn-X-Xz- shp
]pepIbpw kzm Xm]-cy-v apK-W\ sImSpv, Xnpw Xncpw Dmn
Am-lp-hns ap-- krn-Iv D]-{Z-h-ap-m-p hmp-Ifpw {]hrn-Ifpw hnpIbpw th-W-sa-mWv Xm]-cyw. lP-dp AkvhZv (IrjvWine) Npw_n-p--Xn\p-thn ap--hsc D]-{Z-hn- AXn-s\mcp DZm-l-c-W-am-Wv. kuI-cy-fpw ]mtY-bfpw Fp-]-d-m, Ah-c-hv lp-Im-ev D]-tbm-Kn-p-hm th `-Ww,
hkv{Xw, kuI-cy- Fmw Hcp--W-sapw bmN-\, ]nSn-p-]-dn, If-hv, XpS-nbh
hn--W-sa-pamWv. Bfp-I-fn\nv \-s-v In-p- km[-\- kzbw ssI]msX A[n-Im-cn-Isf Gn-pIXs thWw. Ghpw\ ]mtYbw Am-lp-hns\
lrZ-b-n kqn--emWv Fp]d-m Am-lp-hns AXn-Yn-Ifpw {]Xn-\n-[n-Ifp-amb hnizm-kn-I Fm Imcy-nepw kzt-m ap-h
- v apK-W\ \Ip
kz`m-h-m-cm-bn-cn-Wsam-Wv. "\n Fs kqn-pI, Hm, _pn-amamtc' F
Bi-b-n Ah-km-\n-p GI kqamWn-Xv.
198. \n-fpsS dn-\n-p A\p-{Klw tXS \n-v hntcm-[a
- n-. Ad^bn\nv hnc-an-m aiv-A-dp ldm-ans ASpv \n Am-lp-hns\
kvacnpI. \nh amKw ImWn-p-X
- X
- n\v \nfhs\ kvacnpI.
AXn-\p-apv \n hgn-tI-SnX-s-bm-bn-cp-phtm.
\n-fpsS dns A\p-{K-l- tXSpI F-Xp-sImv Dt-iyw, lv thfbn P\-v- D-]-Im-c{]-Z-amb coXn-bn-ep `W km[-\-fpsSbpw apw I-hSw
\Sn em`w kzoI-cn-m-hp--XmWv FmWv. Jpssd-in-I IA-_-bpsS ]cn]m-e-Icpw
Ahn-Ss ]cn-k-c-hm-kn-I-fp-amWv F-Xns t]cn Ad-^bn-tev t]mbn-cp-n-.
Ad^bmWv lv Fv \_n(-k) ]Tn-n-p. \msf ]c-tem-Iv hnNm-c-Wv \np
cwKw A\p-kva-cn-n-p hn[-n-em-bn-cn-Ww Ad-^bnse \nw. Ahn-sS-\nv
AkvX-a-b-n-\p-tijw Bfp-I-sfmw hnc-an-p-tm am{Xta GsXm-cmfpw Ahn-sS-\nv
aS-mhq. apkvZ-en-^bn-ep aiv-A-dp ldm-anshv Am-lp-hns\ [mcm-f-ambn kvacn-W-sapw CXn\papv hgn-tI-Sn-em-bn-cp \nsf Ahs dkq-ens\ Abv kmKam-Ip Jp-B--sImv amKZi-\-n-emnb Am-lp-hns\ [mcm-f-ambn kvacnp
Ibpw Ah\v \n {]I-Sn-n-p-Ibpw sNpI FmWv Iev]n-p-Xv (A-Av-dm^v: 43
Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
\n-b-pw X-fpsS hnizm-k-n\ptijw \ntj-[n-I-fm-hp-Ibpw ]ns \ntj[w
hn-p-Ibpw sNbvX-h-cpsS ]m-m]w Amlp kzoI-cn-p-I-bn-, Aq- XsbmWv hgn-]n-g--h- Fv BenCw-dm: 90 ]d-np-v. ^mnl: 7 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mpI.
220
JpB\ns Bmhv
199. ]ns P\ (Xom-S-I) hnc-anp-n-S-p-\nv \nfpw hnc-an-pIbpw Am-lp-hn-t\mSv s]mdp--ens\ tXSp-Ibpw sNp-I. \nbw,
Amlp Gsd s]mdp-p-- Icp-Wm-hmcn-[nb-tm.
200. lv A\p-jvTm-\- \n-ln-p-I-gn-m, \n- \n-fpsS ]nXmalmsc kvacn-ncp--Xp-t]m-se Asn AXn-ep]-cn-bmbn \n Amlp-hns\ kvacn-p-I. P\--fn\nv, R-fpsS \mYm Rv Zp\nbmhv \tI-W-ta Fv {]mn-p-- Nnecpv. Atm Ah\v ]c-temIv bmsXmcp hnln-X-hp-an-.
201. R-fpsS \mYm, Rv Cl-n \o \ \Inbmepw, ]c-nepw
\ \Inbmepw Rsf \c-I-in--bn\nv Imp-c-n-mepw Fv
{]mn-p--hcpw Ah-cn Dv.
202. Aq-v Ah km-Zn hnln-X-ap-v. AmlphmIs AXn-thKw IWp-t\m-p--h XsbmIpp.
Pmln-enmImev lv ka-b--fn- ]q]nXm--m-cpsS alna FSp-p--cnp-Ibpw Ahsc ]mSnpI-gvp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-p. C\n apX AXv ]mSn-spw
Am-lp-hn-s\-bmWv Hmt-s
- Xpw hmgvt-s
- Xpw, Ah-ch
- c
- psS ]Xn-\v hbn
\ptij-ap Pohn-X-cw-K--sfmw Ab-hn-d-nsmv Am-lp-hnt\mSv Gp]dv
AsXmw s]mdppXcphm At]-n--W-sapw Ievn-p-p. Cv Am-lp-hns\
kvacn-p-Ibpw hmgvpIbpw sNpI Fp]d-m Jp-B-\ns Bibw ]Tn-pIbpw ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sN-em-Wv. Pohn-X-eyw \-s I]Shnizm-kn-I-fm-Wv Cltem-I-n-\p-thn am{Xw {]mn-pI. Pohn-X-eyw a\-n-em-nb hnizm-kn-Ifmhs,
]c-temI PohnXhnPbw eywshp-sImv Cl-temIPohnXw Jp-B-\ns XW-en
Nn-s-Sp-p-h-cpw, Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n \cIwIv ChnsS shp-Xs AXns\
XS-bp--h-cp-amWh. kzKhpw \c-I-hp-samw Hmtcm-cp-cpw Chn-sS-\nv km-ZntXm-sWv Cu kqhpw ]Tn-n-p-p. Aqd: 20, BcmtWm ]c-tem-I-nse
hnfhv Dt-inpsImv {]hn--Xv, Ah\p Ahs hnfhv \mw hn-np sImSp-p-XmWv. BcmtWm Zp\n-bm-hnse hnfhv Dt-inpsImv {]hn-Xv Ah\v \mw
AXn\npw sImSp-p--Xm-Wv. Ah\v ]c-tem-In bmsXmcp hnln-Xhpw Dm-hpI-bn- Fp-]-d-bp-pv. Ckvdm-Av: 18, BcmtWm [rXn-bn sFlnI t\w eyw
shp {]hn-p--Xv, Ahcn Amlp Dt-in--hv Ah Dt-in-phn[-n
B t\w Hcpn sImSp-p-I-bpw, ac-W-tm-Sp-IqSn ImcpWyw hne--s--h\pw \ny-\pambnsmv \c-I-nsedn-bsSp--Xp-am-Wv Fpw, 19, BcmtWm hnizm-kn-bm-bnsmv ]c-tem-Is Dt-inp {]hn-p--Xv, Aq--cpsS {]h-\- hne-aXn-pIXs sNpsapw ]dnp-v. lqZv: 15, BcmtWm ùXn-I-Po-hn-Xhpw
AXnse Ae-m-chpw Dt-in--Xv, Ahv AXn-\p-th-n-bp {]h-\- \S-m
\mw A\p-aXn sImSp-pw, Ah-Xn Rm bmsXmcp Ipdhpw hcp-p-I-bn-s--pw,
16, Aq-v ]c-tem-I-n \c-I-a-msXbns-pw, ChnsS Ah DXv]m-Zn-n-sXmw anYy-bm-bn-o-cp-Ibpw, Ah {]hn-n-cp--sXmw \njv^-e-ambn t]mhp-Ibpw
A_-Jd (2)
221
sNbvXn-cn-p-p Fpw]d-bp-pv. Cu kq--fp-sS-sbmw hni-Zo-I-c-W-ambn \_n

(k) ]Tn-n-p: Zp\n-bmhv ]c-tem-I-t-p Irjn-bn-S-am-Wv. Atm hnizm-kn-I
GsXmcp Imcyhpw ]c-temIt\w eyw shp-sIm-m-bn-cn-Ww {]hn-t--Xv.
A-Bw: 39mw kqhpw Ah-km-\n-p--Xv, Amlp hfsc thKw IWpt\mp-h-\tm F Bi-b-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-W.v
203. \n F-s \mfp-I-fn Am-lp-hns\ kvacn-p-Ibpw sNp-I.
Bscnepw [rXnsv cp\mfpIfnembn Npcp- n- b m Atm
Ahsta Ip- s am- p- a n. h- h \pw ]nn- m Atm Ahs
taenepw Ip-an-Am-lp-hns\ kqn-p-sIm-m-bn-cn--W-sav am{Xw.
\n Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-b-n kqn-p-Ibpw, \nbw \n
Ah\n-te-mWv ]p\o-hn-nv Hcp-anpIq-s-SpI Fv Adn-bp-Ibpw
sNpI.
F-s \mfp-I sImv Dt-in-p-Xv ao\m-bn cm]mp aqp Znh-k-fm-Wv. h-h\pw Hgn-p-Iq-Sm-\m-hm Bh-iy--fp-s-n cp Znhkw cmmpIbpw
Bh-iy--fn-s-n aqp Znh-kw-Xs cmmp-I-bpamWv th-sXpw ]Tn-n-pp.
hn[nZnhkw Am- l p- h ns apn ]Xn- \ v hb- n\ptij- a p Hmtcm \nanjspdnpw Dcw ]d-bWsa t_m[apm-bn-cn-Ww AXmWv XJvh. _Jd:
80,152 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
204. sFln-I-Po-hn-X-n X-fpsS h-am\w \ns Ap-X-s-Sp-p
Nnecpw a\p-jy-cn-ep-v. Ahs lrZ-b-n-ep--Xns\pdnv Ah Amlp- h ns\ kmy- s - S p- p- I bpw sNp- p. Ah- \ mWv Ghpwhenb
IpXn-bmb i{Xp.
]d- b p- Xv {]hn- mhcpw (kz- ^ v ^ v : 2), lrZ- b - n Jp- B - \ n- t \mSv
hntcm[wshp-I-hgn Am-lp-hn-sbpw dkq-en-sbpw hnizm-kn-I-fp-sSbpw i{Xp--fmb
I]-S-hn-izmkn-I-fpam-W-h (ap-\m-^n-Jq: 4). _Jd: 67 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
205. Ah\v A[n-Imcw Inn-bm `qan-bn \mi-ap-m-p--Xn-\p-th-nbpw
AXnse hnfhpIsfbpw a\p- j y- h w- i - s bpw \in- n- m Dtiyw
shpsImpw Ah HmSn \S-pXmWv. \io-I-cWamIs Amlp Cs-Sp-n-.
206. Am-lp-hns\ kqn-pI Fv Ah-t\mSv ]d-b-s-m Ahs Al
aptJ\ IqSp-X in-tbmsS Ah sXp-I-fn apgp-Ip-I-bm-bn. Atm
Ah\v \cIw aXn-bm-b-Xm-WvF{X tami-s sXmn-ep-I.
`qan-bn c-sm-cn-n Cm-Xm-pI, s]mXp-ap-X-ep-Ifpw Irjn-bn-S-fpw \in-np-Xv Cm-Xm-pI, hmbphpw,- shhpsamw aen-\-s-SmsX a\p-jyv D]-tbm-K-{]Z-amb coXn-bn \ne-\n-p-I, `qanv BWn-sb-tmWw Dd-n Ipp-Ifpw ae-Ifpw
AtX m\-p-Xs \ne-\nn `qan-bpsS kp-enXm-h \ne-\npI, {]IrXnv
222
JpB\ns Bmhv
hncp--amb Fm {]h-\-fpw XSbm\pX-Ip Jp-B-\ns Bibw a\pjycntev

Fnv a\p-jy-cpsS samw sFIyw m]n-p-I XpS-nbhbmWv a\p-jy-cpsS PohnX-e-yw. Jp-B-\ns Bibw Adn-nv AXv ]n]-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw a\p-jyv Fnp-sIm-Sp-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNpI-hgn `qan-bpsS \mi-ns D-c-hm-Znw \oXn-am\mb Am-lp-hns apn ap\m-^n-Jp-IfmWv hln-tnhcn-I. Ccw I]-S-hn-izmknIsf Amlp h[n-n-pv Fv ap\m-^n-Jq: 4epw, Ahv Am-lp-hns\ `b-an
adnv Ah-cpsS kz`mhw hnh-cn-p hnizm-kn-I-sf-bmWv `bw Fv liv: 13-epw ]dn-p-v. _Jd: 67,11-12,99 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
207. Am-lp-hns Xr]vXn At\z-jn-p-sImv kzs Am-lp-hn\v thn
hn-hcpw a\p-jy-cn-ep-v. Am-lp-hm-Is Xs ASn-a-I-tfmSv Ghpw Ir]bp--h\pam-Ip-p.
hnizm-kn-I Jp-B-\ns Bibw ]n]-p--hcpw Am-lp-hn\pthn am{Xw
Pohn-p--hcpw `qan-bnse Ahs {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fp-amWv. Ah-cpsS kz`mhw apl-Zv \_nbpsS (k) kz`m-h-amb Jp-B-\m-bn-cnp--Xp-am-Wv. Ccw ASn-a-I-fpsS {]h\w
hne-a-Xn-p Ir]m-ep-hmWv Am-lp. Xu_: 111 Amlp ]d-bpp: \nbw
Amlp hnizm-kn-I-fn\nv Xsfbpw, X-fpsS [\-sbpw kzK-n\p]I-c-ambn
hne-p-hm-n-bn-cn-p-p. Ah Am-lp-hns amK-n bpw sNp-I-bpw, h[n-pI-bpw, h[n--s-Sp-Ibpw sNp-p. (Ah-tcm-Sp kzK-hm-KvZm\w) Xudm-nepw Coenepw Jp-B-\nepw Amlp Gs-Sp _en-jvT-amsbmcp Icm-dm-Ip-p. Am-lp-hn-s\m Xm\p-am-bn sNbvX DS-Sn ]men-ph\mbn am-cpv? Atm \n Amlp-hp-ambn \S-n--gn Cu I-h-S-n Bm-Zn-p-sIm-phnAXv Xs-bm-Ipp
ktm-]cn almb hnP-bw. (Xu_: 71-72 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Ben-Cw-dm: 30 Ahkm-\n-p--Xpw, Amlp Ahs ASn-a-I-tfmSv Ir]-bp--h-\m-Wv F Bi-b-n-emWv. ^mnl: 4 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
208. Hm, hnizm-kn-It- f, \n Ckvem-an ]cn]q-ambn {]th-in-p-sIm-pI.
ssizms Imm-Sp-I \n ]n]-p-I-bp-a-cp-Xv. \nbw Ah
\n-fpsS hy-amb i{XpXs-bm-Wv.
209. \nv hy-amb sXfn-hp-I hp-In-nbtijhpw \n sXntm-hp-I-bm-sW-n Atm \nfdn-bpI \nbw Amlp AP--\mb
bpn-\-tm.
hKo-b-X, tZio-b-X, hwio-b-X, kzm-X, kwL-S\m]-]m-Xw, kzP-\-]--]mXw XpS-nb ZpKp-W--sfm-p-an-msX kkzw Am-lp-hn\v kanv \S--fnepw Ccp---fnepw InS-p-I-fnepw "Amlv' F kvacW \ne-\nn, Am-lphns {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fm-bn-smv Pohn-p-I-bmWv Ckveman ]cn-]q-ambn {]th-inpI F-Xp-sImv Dt-in-p--Xv. hnizm-kn-I-fmb tijw Jp-B-\ns samw hn[nhn-e-p-I ]n]-ptm am{Xta ]cn-]q-ambn Ckvem-an {]th-in-p-I-bp-q.
BenCw-dm: 102-, hnizm-kn-Itf \n apkvenw-I-fm-bn-sm--msX acn--cpsXv
]d-Xpw CtX Bi-b-am-Wv. Jp-B-\ns Bi-bw \nv hpIn-n-bn-cns ]nim-
A_-Jd (2)
223
Nns Imm-Sp-I \n ]n]--cp-Xv. Amlp Xr]vXn-s GI amK-amb

Ckvemans amK-n\nv hyXn-N-env ]nim-Nns amKamb 1000- 999-s amKntev t]mbm AhsIqsS \c-I-n kl-h-kn-tnhcpw. _Jd: 112,132,136,
168169hniZo-I-cWw t\mpI.
210. taL-pSbpw NqSn ae-p-I-fpsS AI--Sn-tbmsS Amlp Ah-cn-tev
hv Imcy \S-m-pI-b-msX C\n FmWv Ah Imncnp-Xv?
Am-lp-hn-te-p-X-s-bmWv Fm Imcy-fpw aS--s-Sp--Xv.
ABw: 158-mw kqhpw kam\ Bibnep-XmWv. Jp-B kan-p
hnizmkw kzoI-cn-phm\pw AXns hn[n-hn-e-p-I-f-\p-k-cnv PohnXw Nn-s-Spn
Pohn-p-hm\pw Xm-dm-hmsX hnhn[ hnizm-k-fnepw kwL-S-\-Ifnepw tNv apivcnpI-fmbn ey-t_m[w \-sv Pohn-p--h-tcmSv Amlp tNmZn-p-I-bmWv: "C\n acWw
Bk-a
- m-Ip-tm hniz-kn-m-sa-mtWm \n Icp-Xp-X
- v, hniz-kn-m\pw k sNm\pw acWw Bk--am-Im Imn-cn-p-I-bmtWm?. hyn-I-fpsS Jnbm-aamWv acWw. B ka-bv hnizm-kn-IfpsS Bmhv ktm-j-tmSpIqSn Am-lp-hns\bpw, Ahn-izm-kn-I-fpsS Bmhv ZpxJ-tm-Sp-IqSn ]nim-Nn-s\bpw t\mp--Xm-sWv
Jnbma: 2224 kq-fn ]d-n-p-v. Jnbm-ap\mfn taL--tfm-Sp-IqSn BImiw
s]mn-n-f-cpIbpw, ae-p-I IqwIq-ambn Cd-p-Ibpw sNpw. Av cmPm-[n-]Xyw
bYm-n- ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I\v am{X-am-bn-cn-pw. B Zn\w \ntj-[n-Iv hfsc {]bmk-ta-dn-b-Xpam-bn-cn-pw (^pJm: 25,26, A lmJ: 17 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Am-lp-hns
Imcy-n Rm A{i--\m-btm, Rm Jp-B-\ns\ ]cn-l-kn-p--h-\m-bn-cp-phtm Fp]d-bm\pw, Amlp Fs kmKn-em-n-bn-cp-p-sh-n Rm Amlp-hns\ lrZ-b-n kqn-ph\mIpambn-cp-p-h-tm As-n in(ac-Ww)
ImWp-tm F\nv Hc-h-kcwIqSn Inn-bm Rm Am-lp-hns\ Ip-sImv Pohnp--h-\m-Ip-am-bn-cp-p-htm Fsmpw Hcmfpw ]d-bm CS-h-cmXncn-hw,
Jp-B-\ns Bibw Ghpw \\nev \n ]n]-pI (kp-a: 55-58). Ben-Cwdm: 109, A^m: 44, lv: 76, ^mXzn: 4, lZo-Zv: 5 XpS--nb kq--fpw "Fm-Imcy-fpw Am-lp-hn-tev Xs-bmWv aS--s-Sp-I' F Bi-b-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bmWv Ahkm-\n-p--Xv. ^mnl: 1,3 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
211. Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-Iv hy-amb F{X-sb{X Zrm--fmWv \mw
\In-bXv Fv Ah-tcmSv tNmZn-p t\mp-I. Am-lp-hns A\p-{K-l hp-In-n-b-Xn\p tijw AXns\ amn adn-p--h-cp--tm, Atm
\nbw Amlp AXn-I-Tn-\-ambn inn-p--h Xs-bm-Wv.
Ck-vdm-Cumv \Inb Zrm-- a\-n-em-p--Xn\v _Jd: 40- apX 60
hsc-bp kq- t\mp-I. lv: 16- Amlp ]d-bpp: A{]-Imcw \mw
\n\v hy-amb Zrm-- (kq--) Cd-n--gn-p, \nbw Amlp Ah\p-t-in-p--hsc AXp-sImv kamK-n-tev \bn-p-p. Cv Am-lp-hns
Ghpw henb A\p-{Klw Jp-B-\m-Wv. B A\p-{K-l-amb Jp-B-\ns\ kzbw D]-tbmKn-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw ap--hv \Im-Xn-cn-p-Ibpwhgn B A\p-{K-ls aqSn-sh-p-
224
JpB\ns Bmhv
Ibpw, B Jp-B\mWv Cu P\-Xsb Cs\ A[:]-Xn-n-Xv Fv Jp-B Inm

P\X a\-n-em-p- hn[-n, AXns hn[nhn-e-p-IsXn-cmbn PohnXw \bn-p
-h-cm-I-bm ITn-\-amb in-bmWv hnizm-kn-I-f-m apkvenw-Iv e`n-m t]mIp-Xv (A-Bw: 26). _Jd: 85,99,121,159-161,176 t\mpI.
212. \ntj-[n-Iv Cu sFln-I-Po-hnXw AXym-Ij-I-am--s-n-cn-p-p.
Ah hnizm-kn-Isf ]cn-l-kn-p--h-cp-am-Ip-p. Fm Am-lp-hns\
lrZ- b - n kqn- - h Ay- \ m- f n Ahp- a osX Xs- b m- W v .
Amlp Ah Dt-in-p--hv IW-n-msX `-W-hn-`-h- \
Ipp.
Jp-B\ns Bibw ]Tn-m {ianm ^mPn-dp-Ifpw, ]Tn-n-m ap\m-^nJp-Ifpw tN-XmWv Im^n-dp-I. \njv]--hm-\mb Amlp, Ccw Im^n-dp-I
\iz-c-amb Cu Zp\n-bm-hn-se-nepw kzKobPohnXw Bkz-Zn-s F an IqSp-X
kpw km-\-fpw {]-Xm-]-hp-samw ChmWv sImSp-n-p-Xv. Fm kXyn-em-b-Xp-sImv Amlp Xsf A\p-{K-ln--XmWnXv Fv sXmbn a\-n-emnb
Ch, ùXnIPohn-X-nse {]uVnbpw {]Xm-]-hp-sampw Bkz-Zn-msX imizX
PohnXhnPbw eyw-sh-p-sImv anX-Po-hnXw \bn-p hnizm-kn-Isf ]cn-l-kn-pp. Fm ]c-tem-Iv hnizm-kn-I Xs-bm-bn-cnpw tase-sbpw, kzKnep Ah-tcmSv \c-I-hm-kn-I-fmb Cs Im^n-dp-I shhpw `-W-hp-samw
tNmZn-psapw AAv-dm^v: 48-51 apdn-bnv \Inbn-p-v. AapX^v-^n-ô: 2934, \n-b-ambpw {`mam hnizmkn-Isf Cl-n Ifnbm-p--hcpw, AhcnIneqsS Ah IS-p-t]m-Ip-tm Ip-sImv BwKyw -Imn ]cn-l-kn-p--hcpam-bn-cp-p. Ah Ah-cpsS IpSpw-_mw-K--fn-tev Bm-Zn-p--kn-p-sImv ]ncn-pt]m-Ip--h-cp-am-bn-cp-p. hnizmknIsf ImWp-tm Ah ]d-bp-Ibpw sNpw: \nbw
Cq- Xs-bmWv hgn-]n-g--hsc-v. \mw Chsc hnizm-kn-I-fpsSta kqn-p-Im-cs\m-p-am-n-bn-cp-n--tm. AXp-sImv Ct-Zn\w hnizm-kn-I Ccw Ip^v^m-dpIfmb {`mamsc Ifn-bm-p--h-cm-bn-cn-pw Fv ap-dn-bnv \In-bn-p-v.
A-Bw: 10, Xu_: 79, lqZv: 38, An-bm-Av: 41 XpS-nb kq--fn-semw \ntj[n-I hnizm-kn-I-sfbpw {]hm-N-Iam-scbpw ]cn-l-kn-p-sa-pw, B ]cn-lmkw \msf
AhpXs FXn-cmbn `hn-p-sapw ]d-bp-p-v. Ben-Cw-dm: 27, \q: 38 Fo
kq--sfmw "Amlp Ah\ptinp-hsc IW-n-msX Dupp' F Bi-bn-emWv Ah-km-\n-p--Xv.
213. BZy-n a\p-jy-scmw H kap-Zm-b-am-bn-cpp ({I-taW Ah `nnp.)
Atm Amlp ktm-jh
- m Adn-bn-p-h
- c
- mbpw ap-dn-bnv \Ip-h-cmbpw \_n-amsc \ntbmKnp, a\p-jy `nn Imcy-n AhnS-bn hn[n-In-mthn Ah-tcm-sSmw ey-tm-Sp-IqSn {Khpw
Cd-n. Ahn-S-bnse t]mcv \nanw hy-amb sXfn-hp-I hp-InnbXn\p tij-a-msX B{Kn Ah `nnn-n-. Atm hnizmkn-Isf Amlp Ahs A\p-hm-Zw-sImv kXy-n\nv ({K-
- n\nv) GsXm-n-emtWm Ah `nnXv B Imcyn amK-Zi\w sNbvXp.
A_-Jd (2)
225
Amlp Ah Dt-in-p--hsc t\cmb amK-n-tev \bn-p-p.a\p-jy-scmw BZy-n H kap-Zm-ba

- m-Im-Xn-cp-n- Fv bq\qkv: 19-epw Amlp
]d-np-v. eulpalv^q-fn kqn--s H {Kw (Jp-B) am{X-amWv `qanbn-tev hnp--Xv (_Jd: 2 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). AXpXs-bmWv lJv (_Jd:
147 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). Fm dkqepampw Xpem-kmb {Kw \In-bn-pv
Fv l-ZoZv: 25 ]d-n-pv. B {K-a-\p-k-cn-mWv Fm \_n-amcpw hn[n-I-ev]n-np--Xv. Fm \_n-amcpw Htc ZuXyw \n-ln-p--Xn-\p-th-nbpw Ckvem-an-ep-amWv
hn-p--Xv (Alv: 2,36, An-bm-Av: 25). GXp-Im-epw {Kw Inn-b-h am{XamWv `nn-n-p-Xv Fv _n\: 4epw Aqd: 13,14epw ]d-n-pv. Pmknb: 17-
Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-Isfpdnv ]cm-ain--tijw Amlp ]d-bpp: Ahv \psS
Iev]-\-bn\np hy-amb \ntZ-i- \In. Fm Ahv hy-amb
Adnhv hp-In-nb-Xn-\ptijw Ahn-S-bn-ep t]mcv \nan--a-msX Ah `nn-nn-, \nbw \ns \mY AhnS-bn hn[n-Zn-h-k-\m-fn Ah `nn hnj-bn hn[nIev]n-p--XmWv. Cv {Kw Jp-B am{X-am-b-Xp-sImv AXns BfpI-fmb apkven am{X-amWv `nn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-Xv, ap P\XIsfmw Hn-psIm-n-cn-p-IbmWv FXpw Jp-B ]d kXyw ]pe-cp-Ibm-Wv. AXv apkvenw
kwL-S\m t\Xm-n-S-bn-ep, "Rm tase Rm tase' Fp t]mcpw Al-mchpw F\nv t\Xm-hm-IWw {]kn-U-m-hWw F kzm Xm-cyhpw \nan--amWv. samw Jp-B-\m-Ip Am-lp-hns ]miw Fm-hcpw Hcp-anv apdpsInSnv H
kwL-am-Im-\mWv Amlp BenCwdm: 103- Ievnn-p--Xv Fn-cns Cv apkven
Jp-B-\ns Imcy-n- `nnv hnhn[ kwLS-\-I-fmbnncnv ]nim-Nns kwLn AI-sn-cn--bm-Wv. \lv: 64-, Ah GsXmcp hnj-b-n-emtWm `nn-npXv AXv Ahv shfn-hmn sImSp-p--Xn-\-msX \n\v \mw Cu {K-an-dnnbnn-. Cu {Kw hnizm-kn-I-fmb Hcp P\-Xv kamKhpw Imcp-Wyhpw Xs-bmIpp Fp-]-d-n-p-v.
"Ahs A\p-hm-Zw-sImv' F-Xns hnh A-h-c-h-cpsS dns thp-I-tbmSp-IqSn Fm-Wv. C_vdmlow: 1 Amlp ]d-bpp: Cu {Kw \mamWv \n\-n-d-nb-Xv, AXp-sImv \o P\-sf Ah-c-h-cpsS DS-a-bpsS thp-I-tbmSpIqSn A-Im-cfn \nv {]Im-i-n-tevA-P-\pw kzbw kvXpXyl-\p-am-b-hs hgn-bn-te-v-]p-d-s-Sp-hn-p--Xn-\p-th-n (A-q: 46 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). A{]-Imcw \mw \n\v \psS
I-\-bm-ep Hcp dqlns\ (Jp-B-s\) Znhy-k-tiambn \In, CXn\papv \n\v
FmWv {K-sapw FmWv hnizm-k-sapw Adn-bp-am-bn-cp-n-, Fm \mw B
dqlns\ (In-Xm-_n-s\) Hcp {]Im-i-am-n. AXp-sImv \psS ASn-a-I-fn \mw Dt-inp--hsc \mw kamK-n-em-p-p. \nbw \o Ghpw t\cmb amK-n-tep
Xs-bmWv P\-sf amK-Zi\w sNbvXpsIm-n-cnp--Xv (Aqd: 52) BcmtWm
Am-lp-hns\ apdp-sI-nSn-Xv, Atm Ah t\sc-sNm-s-bp amK-n-tev
amKZi\w sN-spIgnp Fv Ben-Cw-dm: 101- ]dn-p-v. Am-lp-hns\
apdp-sI-n-Sn-pI F-Xns hnh-, Ahs hN-\hpw ]mi-hp-amb Jp-Bs\ apdp-sIn-Sn-pI Fm-Wv. (^mnl: 2,6, _Jd: 111 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). Amlp
Ah\ptin-p--hsc kamKn-tev \bn-p-p Fp]d-m, Am-lp-hn-t\mSv
226
JpB\ns Bmhv
tNmZn-p--hv kamKw \Ip-p FmWv. Jkz-kv: 56, \nbw \o CjvS-s-hsc kamKn-tev \bn-p-Ibn-, Fm Amlp Ah-\p-t-in-p--hsc
kamK-n-tev \bn-p-p Fpw, _Jd: 272, Ah-cpsS kamKw \ns ssIn
Xn-n-m-sbpw ]d-n-p-v. ^mnl: 5, _Jd: 176 hniZo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
214. \n- f psS apKm- a n- I v Ign- p- t ]mbnp A\p- ` - h - - s fmpw
\nv hp-Ignn-nmsbn-cns, kzK-n Npfphn-ev {]thin-p-I-f-bm-sav \n IWpIqp-pthm? hn]-p-Ifpw Zpcn-X-fpw
Ahsc ]nSn-Iq-Sn. Ftm-gmWv Am-lp-hns klmbw Fv {]hm-N-I\pw
At-l-tm-sSm--ap hnizm-kn-Ifpw hnfn-p tIgp-thmfw Ah hnd-n-sp: (a-dp-]Sn \In) Adn-bp-I: \nbw Am-lp-hns klmbw
ASppXsbp-v.
BenCwdm: 146- Amlp tNmZn-pp: F{X-sb{X \_n-am-cpw At-l-tmsSmw F{X-sb{X {]uVm-cmb A\p-bm-bn-I-fp-amWv bpw sNbvXnp-Xv, Am-lphns amK-n Ahsc _m[n--Xn Ah a\anSn--h-cm-bn-n-, Ah _e-lo-\X
{]I-Sn-n-n-n-, Ah Ak-Xy-ns apn Xe Ip\n-n-p-an-, Am-lpthm Ccw
am-ioesc C-sSpp-htm. a\p-jysc `qan-bn-tev Ab-Xv ]co--W-n\v hnt[b-am-m-\m-Wv. Jp-B apdpsInSnv Am-lp-hn `c-tanv \nesImp-h
- am{Xta
]co--W-n hnP-bn-p-I-bp-q. apKm-an-Iv kw`-hn-n-p ]co--W--sfmpw
Rv \I-cp-sXp {]mn-m _Jd Ah-km-\-nse cpkq--fn-eqsS
(285-286) AmlpXs ]Tn-n-n-p-v. (Ben-Cw-dm: 142, amCZ: 65-66, ABw: 42-45,
AAvdm^v: 94-96, Xu_: 16 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 155-157 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
215. Ah FmWv sNe-h-gn-t--sXv \ntmSv tNmZn-p-p. \_ntb
]dbpI: \bn\nv \n Fsmv sNe-h-gn-p-pthm AXv amXm]n-Xm-pw ASp-hpw A\m-Y-Ipw AK-Xn-Ipw hgn-bm-{Xm-p-am-Ipp. \n \bn\nv Fv {]hn-mepw \nbw
Amlp AXv GhpwIqSp-X Adn-bp-h-\m-Wv.
ChnsS \-sIm-p-tiyw [\w sNe-h-gn--em-Wv. kImv \nbaw Cd-p-Xn\papv Ah-X-cn- kq-am-Wn-Xv. IpSpw-_-n\nv ASp--h-tcmSv Xs-bmWv BZyamZyw Jp-BsImv ap-dn-bnp\Im\pw Ievn-n-p--Xv (A-p-A-dm-Av: 214). lv:
77, hnizm-kn-I-tf \n Ip\n-bp-I, \n {]W-an-p-I, \n \n-fpsS dn-\pthnam{Xw Pohn-p-I, \n \ am{Xw {]hn-p-I\n hnP-bwhcn-p--Xn\p-thn Fp-]-d-bp-p. Ah-km-\-Im-eL-amb Cv `qansb AXns kp-e\m-h-bn \ne-\nm-\p Jp-B-\ns Bibw ]Tn-m\pw ]Tn-n-m-\p-amWv [\sa; Fm-Xcw Ign-hp-I-fpw D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-t--Xv. AXmWv \n-fn Ghpw
D-a Jp-B ]Tn-p-Ibpw ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNp-h
- c
- m-sWv \_n (k) ]Tn-nXns
s]mcp. Jp-BsImv PnlmZv sNm- ^pJm: 52 Iev]n-n-p--Xns Xm]
cyhpw CXp-X-s-bm-Wv (An-km-Av: 127 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 148 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
A_-Jd (2)
227
216. bpw \nv \n_--am--s-n-cn-p-p. AXv \nv shdp-p-Xm-sW-nepw icn. \n shdp-p-Xv \nv KpWIc-am-tb-mw.
\n C-s-Sp--sXtm AXv \nv Xn-bp-am-tb-mw. Amlp
Adn-bp-p, \ntfm Adn-hn-m--h-cp-amIp-p.
An-km-Av: 75- Amlp tNmZn-pp: ]pcp-j-m-cn\nv _e-lo-\-m-cm-bn-p-hcpw kv{XoIfpw Ipn-Ifpw, "R-fpsS \mYm R-sf \o Cu A{I-an-I-fmb \mp-Imcn\nv ]pd-s-Sp-hn-mepw, Rv \nn\n-p Hcp kwc--I-s\bpw klm-bnsbbpw \ntbm-KnpXm-epw'Fv Am-lp-hn-t\mSv {]mn-p-pv Fn-cn-s
\nv Fp]n Am-lp-hns amK-n bpw sNm-Xn-cn-m?. bpw Amlp-hn\n-p--XmsWpw AXp-hgn Zp\n-bm-hn\v ]Icw ]c-tem-Iw hmp-I-bmWv Fpw
hnizm-kn-Iv Adn-bm-am-bn-cp-p (An-km-Av: 74). 77-, XfpsS ssII NpcppI,
\a-kvImcw \ne-\npI Fp-]-d-b-s-n-cp Hcp-hn-`mKw P\-X-bn-tev \ns {iXn-cn-pthm {]hm-N-Itc? As\ Ah-cn Hcp-hn-`mKw Am-lp-hns\ `b-s-Sp-Xv
t]msetbm As-n AXn-ep]cntbm P\-sf `b-s-Sp-p. Ah tNmZn-p-Ibpw
sNpp: R-fpsS \mYm, FmWv Rv bpw Iev]n-Xv? AX]Imetv
]nn-nncps-n F{X\m-bn-cp-t-t\. Ah-tcmSv ]d-bpI \_ntb: sFln-I-temIs hn`-h- Xp-am-Wv, ]c-tem-I-amWv Am-lp-hns\ `b-s-Sp--hv D-a-am-bnp--Xv. \ntfmSv Xcnpt]mepw A\oXn ImWn--s-Sp-I-bn (A-n-km-Av: 66 Iqnhm-bn-p-I). A^m: 65, \_nsb hnfnp hnizm-kn-I-sf bp-n\v t{]cn-n-m
thn Ievn-n-p-v. apl--Zv: 20, bpw Hmnn-p-sIm-p Hcp kqdv Ah-Xcn--s-m, X-fpsS lrZ-b--fn tcmK-ap--h ac-W-sh-{]mfw]qv Ip-Npgn-sbdn-bp--hsctmse \ns t\mp--XmbnImWmw Fpw]d-n-p-v (_Jd: 246,
Alvkm-_v: 25 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 190-193 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
_Jd: 232, Ben-Cw-dm: 66, Aq: 19 XpS-nb kq--fpw Ah-km-\n-p--Xv,
Amlp Adn-bp-p, \ntfm Adn-hn-m-h
- c
- pam-Ipp F Bi-b
- n-em-Wv. Alv:
73 Ah-km-\n-p--Xv, \nbw Amlp Adn-bp-p, \ntfm Adn-hn-m--h-cm-sW
Bi-b-n-em-Wv. Fm Cv, JnXm(bp-tam h[-tam) C. adn-v, Jp-BsImv
Jp-B aqSn-sh Im^n-dp-I-tfmSv A[n-I-cn PnlmZv am{X-am-Wp--Xv (Xu_: 73).
217. bpw- \n-jn--am-nb amk--fn bpw sNp--Xns\pdnv \ntmSv
Ah tNmZn-p-p. {]hm-N-Itc ]d-bp-I: AXn bpw sNp-Xv henb
IpwXs. Am-lp-hns amK-s-smv XS-bepw AXns\ aqSn-sh-epw
akvPn-Zp ld-ans\smv XS-bepw AXnse \nhm-kn-Isf AhnsS\nv
]pd-s-Sp-hn-epw Am-lp-hn-s-b-Sp- AXn-t\-m henb Ip-am-Wv.
h[sm amc-Ia
- m-Wv \miw hnX-bv. \n-fpsS Zo\n\nv \nsf
]nn-cn-n-p--Xp-h-sc, Ahv km[n-psan Ah \n-tfmSv bpw
sNpXn\nv hnp \np-Ib
- n-. Xs Zo\n\nv \n-fn\nmscnepw ]nn-cn-bp-Ibpw Im^n-dm-bn-smv acn-p-Ibpw sNbvXm Atm
Ah-cpsS {]h-\- Zp\n-bm-hn-epw ]c-tem-I-n-epw \njv^-e-am-bn.
Aq- Xs-bmWv \c-I-hm-kn-I, AhcXn imiz-X-cp-am-bn-cn-pw.
228
JpB\ns Bmhv
Jpssd-in-I-fpsS ]S-\o-- a\-n-em-p--Xn-\p-thn \_n(-k) Fv AwK-f-S-p Hcp kwLs XzmC-^n-sbpw a-bp-sSbpw CS-bn-ep "\Jve' Xmgvh-c-bntev \ntbm-Kn-p. Ah Jpssd-in-If
- n\n-p Hcp I-hS kwLw abn-tev Xncnp
t]mIp-Xv ImWp-Ibpw B kwLw abn-se-n-bm-ep `hn-jyv Hmv Ahsc
A{I-an-p-Ibpw, Ah-cn-sem-cmsf h[n-p-Ibpw _mn-bp--h-sc Ah-cpsS k-tmsSmw aZo-\bntev _nI-fmbn sImp-h-cn-Ibpw sNbvXp. Pam-Zp BJn Ah-km\-n- \S Cu kw`hw bpw \njn--amb dP-_v amk-n-em-sWpw, \njn--amb
amk-n apl-Zpw A\p-bm-bn-Ifpw bpn apgp-In-bn-cn-p-I-bm-sWpw Jpssd-in
I Btcm]n-p. aZo-\bn-ep PqX-mcpw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw CtXp]d-bm XpS-nb-tm Cd-n-b-XmWv Cu kqw. AXn-t\m-S-\p-_-nv bpw \n_--am-n-smp Iev]-\m-kqw Ah-X-cn--p-Ibpw sNbvXp. hnizm-kn-I hnizm-k-n\ptijw
]nn-cn-v I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fmbn ac-W-s-Sp-tm-gmWv -Ahs I- \njv^-e-ambn
\c-I-n B]-Xn-p--sXv Cu kqw ]Tn-n-pp.
amCZ: 54 hnizm-kn-Itf, \nfn BcmtWm Xs Zo\n\nv ]pd-p-t]m-Ip-Xv Ahv ]I-cw, Ah Am-lp-hn-s\-bpw Amlp Ah-scbpw kvt\ln-p-Ibpw,
hnizm-kn-It- fmSv hn\bw ImWn-p-Ib
- pw \ntj-[n-It- fmSv Iiyw ]pep-Ibpw sNp
Hcp P\-Xsb Am-lp sImp-hcp--Xm-Wv. Ah Am-lp-hns amK-n PnlmZv
sNph-cpw, Hcm-t-]-I-sbpw Bt-]s `b-s-Sm--h-cp-am-Wv. AXv Am-lphns A\p-{K-l-amIpp, AXh-\p-t-in-phv \Ip-p. Amlp k-hym-]nbmb k-\-tm!. (amCZ: 5, A-Bw: 88, Xu_: 17,69, lqZv: 16, Alvkm-_v: 18-19,
apl--Zv: 24-25, lpP-dm-v: 2 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _-Jd: 105,109,186 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I
Am-lpth Rsf \ntj-[n-Ifpw \-s-h
- c
- p-am-t- , Jp-B ]n]-thn[w
]n]-p--hcpw kzK-n \ns k-\--fm-b ASn-a-I-tfm-sSmw {]th-in-p-h-cpam-t-W-ta. Hm IcpW sNp--h-cn Ghpw IcpW sNp--ht\.
218. \nbw, hniz-kn-p-Ibpw lnPvd t]mhp-Ibpw Am-lp-hns amK-n
PnlmZv sNp-Ibpw sNp--h X-s-bmWv Am-lp-hns ImcpWyw {]Xon-m-\l-X-bp--h. Am-lp-hm-Is Gsd s]mdp-p-- Icp-Wm-hm-cn[n-b-tm
am hnP-b-n\ptijw lnPvdbnspw Jp-B sImp PnlmZv am{X-sa-bpp-shpw \_n(-k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. A^m: 72-75, Xu_: 16,20, 71-72,88, Alv:
110, AI-_q-v: 6,69, lpP-dm-v: 15,- kz^v^v: 11 XpS-nb kq--fn-semw Pnlm-Zn\p
t{]cn-n-n-p-v. ey-km-m-XvIm-c-n-\p-thn k-I-gn-hp-Ifpw D]-tbm-Kn--emWv
Pnlm-Zv. Cv Ghpw henb PnlmZv Jp-B Bibw ]Tn-p-I-bpw, ]Tn-n-p-I-bpamWv
(^pJm: 52, lv: 78) _Jd: 112 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
219. In-s\-p-dnpw NqXm--s-p-dnpw \ntmS-h tNmZn-p-p. \_ntb
]d-bpI: Ah cnepw henb tZmjap-v, a\p-jyv (Nne) D]-Im-c--fpap-v. Ah cn-epw D]-Im-ct- -m-f[
- nIw tZmj-am-Wp-X
- v. Ah FmWv
sNe-h-gn-t--sXv \ntmSv tNmZn-p-p. \_ntb ]d-bpI: _mn-bp-
A_-Jd (2)
229
-Xv (BWv sNe-h-gn-t--Xv) A{]-Imcw Amlp \nv Ahs

kq- hy-ambn hni-Zo-I-cnpXcp-p\n Atem-Nn-p--h
Xs-bm-bn-cn-Ww F-Xn-\p-th-n.
220. Cl-tem-I-sp-dnpw ]c-tem-I-sp-dnpw (\n Nnn-p--h-cmImth-n). A\m-Y-Isfpdnpw A-h \ntmSv tNmZn-p-p. \_ntb
]d-bpI: Ahv KpW-{]-Z-am-b coXn-bn hn--emWv D-aw. C\n
\n Ah-tcmSv Iqn--e-p-I-bm-sW-n Ah \n-fpsS ktlm-Z-cm Xs-b-tm. Amlp kpIrXw sNp--h-cn\nv \mi-Im-cn-IfmcmsWv Gw Adnbp--h-\mIp-p. Amlp Dt-inncp-psh-n \nsf
sRcppI-Xs sNp-am-bn-cp-p. \n-bw Amlp AP--\mb bpn\tm.
Iv \nm\w sNp--Xns BZy-]-Sn-bmbn Ah-X-cn-n-p kq-am-WnXv.
AXn\ptijw An-km-Av: 43- hnizm-kn-ItfmSv, \n elcn _m[n--h-cmbn, ]dbp-Xv FmsWv Xncndnbp--Xp-h-scbpw \a-kvImctmSSp--cpXv Fv Iev]n-psImv Ins D]-tbmKnp-Xv ]cn-an-X-s-Sp-n. lrZbw ]s-Sp-msXbp \akvImcw KpW-n-tesd tZmj-amWv sNp-I-sbpw, Jp-B Bi-b-a-dn-bmsX \a-kvImc-n-em-sW-nepw HmXm ]mSnspw \_n(-k) Cu kq-ns hni-Zo-I-c-W-ambn
]Tn-n-npv. Ddw AXn-P-bn Ah--bnepw, A[n-I-cn hni-pw oW-hpap
Ah--bnepw, ae-aq{X hnk\w sNm-\p-m-bn-cns AXv sNm-sX-bp Ah-bn-ep-w \a-kvImcw Hgnhm-W-sapw \_n(-k) ]Tn-n-np-v. Ah-km\ambn, \nb-am-bnpw Ipw NqXm-hpw {]Xn-jvT-Ifpw Ap-I-fp-samw ssiXzms {]h-\-fns] amen-\y-am-sWpw, Atm \n AXv hn-pI\n hnPbw hcnp--h- Xs-bm-IWw F-Xn\pthn, \n-b-am-bnpw ssizm IpsImpw
NqXmwsImpw \nn-S-bn i{Xp-Xbpw t]mcpw Dm-p--Xn\pw Jp-B-\ns
Bi-b-n\npw \a-kvIm-c-n "Amlv' Fp kvac-Wbn\npw XS-bm-\mWv
Dt-in-p--Xv, Atm \n hnc-an-p-n-tbm F Bi-b-n-ep amCZ: 90-91
kq--fn-dnsmv Iv \nm\w sNbvXp.
Iv Fp-]-d--Xn Cv D]-tbm-Knep Fm el-cn-h-kvXp-fpw ab-pa-cp-p-Ifpw DsSpp. el-cn-bp-m-p Fm Hmtcm hkvXp-fpw \njn--am-sWv
\_n(-k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. ssakndn (Nq-Xm-n) iop-I-fn, tem-dn XpSn Al-Xbn-msX Npfp-hnepw Ffp--nepw ]Wwt\Sp {]hrn-Isfmw DsSpp.
Cu kq-n F{X-bm-Wv, FmWv sNe-h-gn-t-Xv Fp tNmZn--Xn\v adp-]Sn-bmbn sNehv Ignv _mn-bp--sXmw sNe-h-gn-pI Fp]-d-bm-\mWv \_n-tbmSv
Iev]n-p--Xv. BZy-L--n Bsms sNe-h-gn--W-sav 215-mw kq-n
]d-n-psnepw, Xu_: 60- Ah-X-cn-n-p-sImv kIm-ns Ah-Im-in-I- BcmsWv hy-am-p-I-bp-m-bn. Cl-]c-Po-hn-Xspdnv \n Btem-Nn-p--Xn-\pthn Am-lp-hns kq- hy-ambn hnh-cnpXcpp Fp]d-m, a\pjysc kzK-n krnv `qan-bn-tev \ntbm-Kn-Xv, `qan-bn h-tm sImp-hcmXpw t]mIp-tm sImpt]mIm--Xp-amb Amlp \Inb Fm A\p-{K-l-
230
JpB\ns Bmhv
fpw D]-tbm-Knv kzKw ChnsS ]Wn-bm-\pw, ac-W-tm-Sp-IqSn B ]WnX kzKw

A\--cm-h-Im-i-ambn FSp-m-\p-am-Wv. CXn-\p D]-I-c-W-amWv Ghpw henb A\p-{Kl-amb, Fm hnizm-kn-I am{Xw A\p-{K-l-ambn D]-tbm-KsSpp Jp-B-\ns
Bi-bw.
A\m-Y-Iv Ah-cpsS [\w \Ip-I. \n ]cn-ip--am-b-Xn\v ]Icw tO-ambXv FSp--cpXv, \n-fpsS [\hpw Ah-cpsS [\hpw Iqn--e-cpXv, \nbw AXv
hn A]-cm[w Xs-bmWv F A-n-km-Av: 2mw kqhpw, \n-b-am-bnpw A\mY-I-fpsS [\w Ahn-ln-X-ambn Xnp-h Ah-cpsS hb-dp-I-fn Xo BWv \nd-bvpXv, Ah \c-I-n Icn-s-- Spw F A-n-km-Av: 10-mw kqhpw Cd-n-b-tm
A\m-Y-I-fpsS [\w Adn-bmsX X-fpsS [\-n IqSn--em \c-I-n
t]mtInhcp-atm Fv aZo-\bn-ep hnizm-kn-Iv henb ]cn-{`-aapm-bn. AtmgmWv Cu kqneqsS Ah \n-fpsS ktlm-Z-c- Xs-bmWv; \n-fpsS `W
hn`-h- IqSn--e-cp-I-bm-sW-n Ahv tZmjwhcp- -hn[-nembn-cn--cpXv, A\mY-Iv \n-fp-sS-Xn-s\-m apK-W\ sImSp-Ww, Icp-Xn-qn Ah-cpsS [\w XnpItbm Ahv hnj-a-ap-m-p Hcp {]hrnbpw \n-fn\n-p-m-hpItbm Acp-Xv
Fv Amlp D]-tZiw \In-b-Xv. bYm-n hnizm-kn-I kzw a-tf-m
A\m-Y-Iv Fm hnj-b-nepw {]m[m\yw sImSp-p--Xm-Wv. A\m-Y-Isf _lp-am\n-p--h-cmWv hnizm-kn-I-fpw hnPbw hcn-p--h-cp-sav A ^Pv 17- ]d-n-p
v. _Jd: 177 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
221. Am-lp-hn ]p-tNp (apivcn-p-I-fmb) kv{XoIsf Ah bYm
hnizm-kn-I-fm-Ip--Xp-hsc \n hnhmlw Ign--cp-Xv. apivcnmb
kv { Xotb- m Daw hnizm- k n- b mb ASnakv { XoXsbmWv Ah
\nsf F{X tamln-npp-sh-nepw. Am-lp-hn ]p-tNp (apivcnp-If
- mb) ]pcp-j
- mv Ah bYm hnizm-kn-If
- m-Ip-X
- p-hsc \n
(\n--fpsS kv{XoI-sf) hnhmlw sNbvXp-sIm-Sp-p-I-bp-a-cp-Xv. apivcnp-Ifmb ]pcp-j-t\-m hnizm-kn-bmb ASn-a-XsbmWv D-awAh
\nsf F{X tamln-n-pp-sh-n-epw. Aq- \c-I-n-te-m-Wv hnfnp--Xv. Am-lp-hm-Is Ahs thp-I-tbm-Sp-IqSn kzK-n-tepw
]m]-tam-N\
-
- n-te-p-amWv hnfn-p-X
- v. Ah a\p-jyv Ahs kq hy-ambn hni-Zo-I-cnp sImSp-p-pAh lrZ-bw-sImv kvacnp-I-Xs thWsa-Xn\v.
amCZ: 5, \nv ]cn-ip--amb Fm `W hn`-h-fpw, apv thZw \Is--h-cpsS `-W-hn-`-h-fpw, hnizm-kn-\n-I-fpw ]Xn-{h-X-Ifpamb kv{XoI-sfbpw, thZm-cn\n-p Nmcn-{Xy-h-Xn-I-sfbpw Ahv hnhm-l-aqeyw \In-smv hnhmlw
Ign- A\p-h-Zn-n-cn-p-p\n Pmc-k-m-\-sf sXc-s-Sp-m-Xn-cn-m\pw, hy`nNm-c-n\nv AIp\nm\pw thn Fp-]-d-n-pv. An-km-Av: 25-, ]Xn{h-X-I-fmb Ipeo\ kv{XoIsf hnhmlw Ign-p--Xn\v hnhm-l-aqeyw \Ip--Xn\pw
apw km-nI tijn-bn-s-n \n-fpsS A[o-\-n-ep hnizm-kn-\n-I-fmb
ASnakv{XoIsf hnhmlw Ign-m-hp--XmWv Fpw ]dnp-v. hnizm-kn-I am{Xta
A_-Jd (2)
231
kzKn {]th-in-p-I-bp-q. hnizm-kn-bmb ]pcp-js _m[y-X-bmWv kv{Xosbbpw

IqSpw-_mw-K--sfbpw \c-Issmv Impkqn- (Xlvcow: 6). ]pcpj-m
kv{XoI-fpsS \nb-m-Zm--fmWv (An-km-Av: 34 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I.) thZ-ns AlvepIm-cmb kv{XoIsf Ah thZ-]-cn-m-\-ap--h-cmbXp-sImv hnizm-k-n-tev sImph-cm hfsc Ffp--am-Wv. adnv hnizm-kn-I-fmb kv{XoIsf thZ-mv hnhmlw sNbvXpsIm-Sp--cp-sXv \_n(-k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. hnhmlw Ign-p-Xv `wKn, Xd-hm-Sv, [\w,
Zo Fo \mep Imcy- t\mn-bn-m-Wv. Fm hnizm-kn-Ifmb kv{Xo ]pcp-j-m
Zo\n-\mWv {]mapJyw \tI-Xv AmsX ap aqpImcy- FmWv Ah
\nsf F{X tamln-n-np-p-shnepw Fp]d--Xns s]mcp.
Cv Jp-B-\ns Bibw Adn-bp ]pcp-j-mcpw kv{XoIfpw Xn-emWv hnhmlw
\S-t--Xv. Fn am{Xta k-\--fmb km-\--fp-m-hp-Ibpw kzKn Hcpanp tNcp-I-bp-ap-q. Atm apkvenw-I-fnse hnhn[ kwL-S-\-I-fns] kv{XoIsf
hnhmlw Ign-p--Xn-t\-m Daw Jp-B-\ns Bibw ]Tnv hnizm-kn-\n-bm-Im
Xm-dm-Ip Aapkvenw kv{XoIsf hnhmlw Ign-p--Xm-Wv. h[n-m Iev]n--s
ap\m-^n-Jp-I-fmb ]pcp-j-mv hnizm-kn-\n-I-fmb kv{XoIsf hnhmlw IgnpsImSp-mhp--X. Ahs thp-I-tbm-Sp-IqSn Fp]d--Xns hnh-, kmKw Ah-c-h
Am-lp-hn-t\mSv {]mnp hmWw Fm-Wv. a\p-jy lrZbwsImv kvacn-m
thn-bmWv kq- hy-am-p-Xv Fp]d--Xn\m Jp-B-\ns Bibw
lrZ-bw-sImv a\-n-em-m Ffp--am-sWpw Jp-B-\ns Bibw a\-n-emn
apkven ap--hv lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn ]dp sImSp--W-sapamWv. C_vdmlow: 25, Jkz-kv: 43,46,51, kpa: 27, ZpJm: 58 XpS-nb kq--fpw Ah-km-\n-p--Xv,
Ah lrZ-bwsIv kvacn-pIXs thWsaXn\pthn F Bi-b-tm-Sp-Iq-Snbm-Wv (bq\p-kv: 17, Ilv^v: 52, \q: 3,31-32, kPZ: 22, J-a: 17 Iq-n-hm-bn-p-I). ^mnl:
6, _Jd: 170, 213 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
222. B-h-s-p-dnpw \ntmSv A-h tNmZn-p-p. \_ntb ]d-bpI:
AsXmcp D]-{Z-h-Icamb Aip-m-h-bm-Wv. B-h-n \n
kv{XoIsf hnp-\np-I, Ah ipn-bm-Ip--Xp-hsc \nfhsc kao-]n-cp-Xv. Ah ipn-bp--h-cm-bm Amlp \n-tfmSv Ievn-pw{]-Imcw
\nhsc kao-]n-m-hp--XmWv. \nbw Amlp Gsd ]m--]np--h-scbpw hnipn- t\Sp-h-scbpw C-s-Spp.
Bhw Hcp tO Ah-b
- m-sWpw B Ah-b
- n kv{XoI-fp-ambn kwtbmK-n-tes-Sm ]mSn-spw ]Tn-n-p-p. PqX-m kv{XoI-fn\nv Bh kabv Xosc Hgnp \np--hcpw, ss{IkvX-h Bh ka-bpw ssewKnI_w
]pep--h-cp-am-bn-cp-p. Atm hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv Bhka-bv kwtbm-K-am ap imco-cnI _--sfmw Bhm-sa anX-hy-h kzoI-cn-m {]hm-N-I
(k) ]Tn-n-p. kv{XoI B-h-n\nv ipn-bm-bm Amlp In--Xp-t]mse,
{]IrXntXSphn[w Ah krn Ah-bh
-
-
- sImt CW tNcmhq FmWv ChnsS
]d-bp-X
- v. A-n-km-Av: 119 Am-lp-hns krn-ns\ Rm amnadnpw Fv ]nimNv
]d--Xns s]mcp, {]Ir-Xnv hncp--ambn ssewKn-I-_--fpw apw \S-m
232
JpB\ns Bmhv
Iev]npsa-m-Wv.
(Am-lpth Fs ]m]- s]mdppXcnI, Fs hoSns\ hnim-ea
- m-p-I, Fs
`W hn`-h--fn h-\hv \Ip-Ibpw sNpI) Fv "hpfq-Av's Ah-km\w
CStIm Igp-Ip-tXmSq-IqSn {]mn-m \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-pv.
(A-m-lpth Fs \o Gsd ]m-X-]n-p--h-cnepw Gsd ipn t\Sp--h-cnepw
\ns k-\--fmb ASn-a-I-fnepw Ds-Sp-t-W-ta) Fv hpfq-Av\nv hnc-an-tijw cv ilm-Z-tmSp-IqSn {]mn-m\pw \_n (k) ]Tn-n-np-v.
CW-tNpIgn-m Ipfn-p-I-tbm, As-n Npcp-n-bXv hpfqAv Fnepw
FSp-pItbm sNbvX- ti-jta Ddmhq Fv \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. AXv Dtjhpw IqSp-X {]mhiyw ssewKnI _-n Gs-Sm-\p Xm]-cyhpw hn-npw. P\m-_-p-Im-cn\nv dJo_v, AoZv Fo ae-p-I I--sfmpw tcJs-Sp-p-I-bn-Npcp-n-bXv Ah hpfp-Av FSp-p--Xp-h-sc. hnizm-kn-I Dd-m
InS-p-tm Ipfn-p-I-tbm, Npcp-n-bXv hpfp FSp-p-Itbm sNp-Xv kp-m-Wv.
(Xu_: 108 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
223. \n-fpsS kv{XoI \n-fpsS Irjn-bnSam-Wv, AXn-\m \n Dtinpw-hn[w \n-fpsS Irjn-bn-Ss kao-]n-p-I. \np-thn \n
apIqn Hcp-nsh-p-Ibpw sNp-I. \n Am-lp-hns\ kqn-pIbpw, \nbw \n Ahs\ Ip-ap-p-sav Adn-n-cn-p-Ibpw sN
pI. (\_n-tb) hnizm-kn-Isf ktm-j-hm Adn-bn-p-I.
Hmtcm Ah-b-h-pw Amlp Hmtcm D]-tbmKw \n-bn-n-p-v. ]pcp-j\pw
kv{Xopw hnImcw ian-n-p--Xn\v Amlp Xr]vXn-shn[w ssewKnImh-b-h-
D]-tbm-K-s-SpWsa-mWv Am-lp-hns Iev]-\. Atm kv{XoIsf F-s\bpw
kao-]n-m-hp--Xm-Wv. Fm Amlp \n-bn ssewKnI Ah-b-h--fp-]-tbm-Kn-mbn-cn--W-sa-t-bp-q. \n \np-thn apIqn Hcp-n-sh-pI F-Xns
Dt-iyw, kzmen-lmb km-\-sf Dm-Zn-nv Am-lp-hns {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmb hnizmkn-I-fpsS Fw hn-n--W-sa-mWv. kzmen-lmb km-\- hnizm-kn-I acnp
kzKn t]mbmepw `qan-bn Ah-sc {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-p-XmWv (_Jd: 187-,189 kqfpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I).
Jp-B-\ns samw Bibw ]Xn-\v hb-n\p apv av ]Tn-nv kzKn-te-p Snv sImSp-m-\mWv, Am-lp-hns krn-I-fmb asf Amlp
AhsXs krn-I-fmb amXm-]n-Xm-sf Gn-n-p--Xv. AXv sNm-Xn-cp-m-ep
tZmjw A-Av-dm^v: 38 hnh-cn-p-p. AXm-bXv cp-Iq-cpw (am-Xm-]n-Xm-fpw afpw) \c-I-n Hcp CSp-nbev Hcp-an-q-Iq-Sn-bm ]nKm-an-I (a-) apKman-Isf (am-Xm-]n-Xm--sf) Nqn-m-Wnv ]dbpw: R-fpsS \mYm, Cq--cmWv Rsf
hgn-]n-g-n--Xv, AXp-sImv Ahv \c-I-n\nv Cc-n-in \In-bm-epw. Amlp
]dbpw: Fm-hpw Cc-n-bp-v, ]t \n AX-dn-bp-n-. Zp\n-bmhv ]c-tem-It-p Irjn-bn-S-amWv Fv \_n(-k) ]Tn-n-Xv A\z-am-I-W-sa-n Jp-B-
A_-Jd (2)
233
\ns samw Bi-b-n-\-\p-k-cnv samw PohnXw Nns-Sp-p-I-XsthWw.

Xu_: 105, \n {]hn-p-I, Atm \n-fpsS {]h-\- Amlphpw dkqepw hnizm-kn-Ifpw t\mn-mWpIXs sNpw F-Xns hni-Zo-I-c-Wn \_n (k) ]Tn-n-p: hnizm-kn-I-fpsS tij-m-cpsS {]h-\- J_-dn
hnizm-kn-Ip ImWn-p-sIm-Sp-pw. Atm Jp-Bs\ kXy-s-Sp-n-sIm-p
{]h-\-am-sW-n Ah AXn Bm-Zn-p-I-bpw, Jp-B\v hncp--am-bn-p {]h\am-sW-n, Am-lp-thmSv Ahsc Xncp--W-sap {]mn-p-Ibpw sNpw.
Hcp a\p-jy acn-p-I-gn-m aqp Imcy- am{Xta Ah\v D]-tbm-K-s-SpIbpq.
(1) D]-Im-c-{]-Z-amb Adnhv (2) \ne-\np (CkvemanI kwkvIm-cs \ne-\np)
Zm\-[- (3) Ah\pthn {]mn-p kzmen-lmb km-\-. Xu_: 112,
bq\p-kv: 87, kz^v^v: 13 XpS-nb kq--fpw Ah-km-\n-p-Xv, hnizm-kn-Isf ktmj-hm-bd
- n-bn-pI F Bi-b
- n-em-Wv. Cu kqhpw kzKw Pohn-XI
- m-epXs
Hmtcm-cp-cpw ChnsS ]Wn-b-W-sav ]Tn-n-p-p.
224. \n sNbvX i]Y ({]-Xn-)n\nv Hgn-p-am-dn IqSp-X ]pWyw
sNp--Xnt\m kqva-X-bp amKw kzoI-cn-p--Xnt\m a\p-jyn-Sbn Hcpabpm-p--Xnt\m Amlphns\ \n Hcp XSw (H-gn-hp-Ign-hv) Bcp-Xv. Am-lp-hm-Is Fmw tIp-- k-\mIp-p.
225. Xam-i-bmbn \n-sf-Sp-p i]-Y-ns t]cn Amlp \nsf ]nSnIq- S p- I - b n- . Fm \n- f psS lrZb nco- I - c nv km- Z n- npXns t]cn \nsf Ah ]nSn-Iq-SpI Xs sNpw, Amlp hfsc-b-[nIw s]mdp-p-h\pw kl-\-io-e\p-atm.
Hcp ]pWy-Iw sNm {]Xn sNbvX tijw AXn-t\-m IqSp-X Dahpw, a\p-jyv IqSp-X D]-Im-c-{]-Z-hp-amb asmcpImcyw \n-ln-p--Xn\pthn
t\cs sNbvX {]Xn ewLn-p--Xn\v hntcm-[-an Fpw AXn\v Am-lp-hns\
Hcp XS--amm-hp--X Fp-amWv Cu kqw ]Tn-n-p--Xv. Icp-Xn-q-n-b-msX
Xam-i-bmbn sNp i]-Y-ns t]cn Amlp inn-p-I-bn-spw Fm,
lrZ-b-n Dd-n-p-sImv (\^vkv Adn-p-sImv) km-Zn-p \-I-fp-sSbpw XnIfpsSbpw t]cn am{X-ta hnNm-cW Dm-hp-I-bp-q-shpw ]Tn-n-p-p. AXn\m
lrZbw _-s-Sm Jp-B Hmpw, \a-kvIm-chpw kzoI-cn-p-I-bn Fp am{X-a, inn--s-Sp-Ibpw sNpw. Xam-i-bmbn sNp i]-Y--fpsS t]cn Amlp
]nSn-Iq-Sp-I-bn-spw Fm Icp-Xn-qn sNp i]-Yw ewLnm Amlp ]nSn-IqSp-sapw AXv ambvpIf-bm-\p {]mb-nambn ]v AK-Xn-Iv Ah-c-h-cpsS
IpSpw-_-n\v \Ip tXmXn-ep `Ww sImSp-p-Itbm As-n Ahv
hkv{Xw \Ip-Itbm AXpas-n Hcp ASn-asb tamNn-n-pItbm sN-W-sapw,
CXn-s\mpw Ign-n-s-n aqv Znhkw t\m-\p-jvTn--Wsapw, AXmWv \nfpsS {]Xn ewLn--Xn-\p {]mb-n--sa-pw, \n \n-fpsS i]-Y- \ndth-n kqn-Wsapw am-CZ: 89 ]d-n-p-v. (Alv: 91-92,94, ap\m-^nJq:
12 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
234
JpB\ns Bmhv
226. X-fpsS kv{XoI-fp-ambn ssewKn-I-_--n Gs-Sp-I-bn-sv i]Yw

sNp--]pcp-jmcpsS Imcy-n kv{XoI \mep amkw Imn-cn-Ww.
Atm Ah aS-p-I-bm-sW-n \nbw Amlp Gsd s]mdp-p-Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[n-b-tm.
227. C\n Ah hnhm-l-tamN-\-amWv Xocp-am-\n--sX-n, Atm \nbw,
Amlp Fmw tIp-- k-m-\nbm-Ipp.
Pmln-enm Imev \ne-hn-ep-m-bn-cp hnhm-l-tam-N-\-ns Hcp cq]-am-bn-cpp
"Cuem-Av'. B k{-Zmbw Cm-Xm-n-smv Amlp Ievnp: X-fpsS CW-I-fpambn hnp-\nm-\p Ah-km-\s ]cn[n \mep-amkw am{X-am-Wv. Fm Da (d)
Xs aIfpw \_n(-k)-bpsS ]Xv\n-bp-amb l^vk (d)-tbmSv Hcp kv{Xov Xs CW-bpambn hnp\nm- km[n-p Ah-km-\s ]cn[n F{Xbm-sWv tNmZn--tm-
Bdv amk-amWv Fp]d--Xns ASn-m-\-n Fm tbmm-pw Bdv amkn-\p-n X-fpsS CW-I-fp-ambn _-s-Sp-hm-\p kuIcyw Gs-Sp-n-bn-cpp.
\mep amkw Imn-cp-npw ]pcp-j hcp-n-s-n kv{Xov Ahs\ hnhm-l-_-n\nv ths-Sp-m-hp--Xm-Wv. CXn\v "Jp-Av' Fp]d-bp-p. Cm-ev
hjtfmfw CW-I-fn\nv AIp-I-gn-bp K^v PohnXw Dm-p Xn-Ifpw
A\-fpw Nn-db
-
- . Pmc-k
- m-\
- s]cp-Ip-I, {]hn-p-h
- s
- \bpw {]hn- s - S p- - h - s \bpw sIm- W - s av \_n(- k ) ]Tn- n {]Ir- X nv hncp- - a mb
kzhKkwt`mKw hn-pI XpS-n-b-h-sbmw K^v Pohn-X-ns t\--fn NneXm-Wv. `mcybpsS hnImcw ian-n-pI FXv `m-hns D-c-hm-Zn--am-bn-cns
AXv \nlnmsX `mcysb Ahn-lnX _-n-tev Xn-hn--Xns t]cn `mhv
hy`n-Nm-c-n-tes-SmsXXs \msf ]c-tem-Iv hy`n-Nm-c-pw hln-tnhcp
XmWv.
Jp-B hln-p, \a-kvI-cn-p-Ibpw t\m-\p-jvTn-p-Ibpw lv \n-ln-pIbpw sNp apkvenw P\-X-bpsS CS-bn-emWv Cv Ccw Zphrn-I Ghpw IqSpX \ne-hn-ep--Xv FXv Hcp ZpxJ-k-Xy-am-Wv. {Kw Igp-X-sb-tmse hln-p-
XmWv AXn\p GI Imc-Ww (Pp-apA: 5). Cu P\-X-sb-sbmWv AAv-dm^v: 176
D]-{Z-hn-mepw Cs-nepw amwhcm \mb-tbmSv D]-an--Xv. hn[n Znhkw JpB\pw
sImp-hv \_n(-k) A\ymbw t_m[n-n-p-Xpw Cu P\-X-s-Xn-cm-bn--s-bmWv
(^pJm 30). _Jd: 166-167,170-172 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
228. hnhm-l-tam-N\w sN-s kv{XoI aqv BhImew Xsf kzbw
XS-p-sh-t--Xm-Ipp (Im-n-cn-t--Xm-Ip-p). Ah-cpsS K`-]m{X--fn Amlp krn--Xns\ adpshpI Ahv A\p-h-Z-\o-bhpa-Ah Am-lp-hnepw Ay-\m-fnepw hniz-kn-p--h-cm-sW-n.
Ah-cpsS `m-
- m Xs-bmWv Ahsc aSn FSp-m Ghpw AlX-s--hAm-cy-n Ah \bpw cay-amb sFIy-hp-amWv Dt-inp--sX-n. ]pcp-j-mp--Xp-t]mse Ahpw (B kv{XoIpw)
\ymb-amb Ah-Im-i-fp-v. ]pcp-j-mv Ah-cpsSta Hcp ]Z-hnbp
apv. Am-lp-hm-Is AP--\mb bpn--\m-Ip-p.
A_-Jd (2)
235
hnhm-l-tam-N\w Ckvem-an Ghpw shdp--s A\p-h-Z-\o-b-amb Imcy-am-Wv.

ImcWw AXv Amlp _n-n _-amWv (An-km-Av: 21, Adqw: 21, ^pJm: 54
Iqnhmbn-p-I.) hnhm-l-tam-N\w \S-p-Xn\p apmbn An-km-Av: 34, `mhv
`mcysb D]-tZ-in-p-I, InS--d-bn hn-p-I, ASn-pI Fo hnhn[ L- Ignnpw Ah Xn `nn-n Xsbm-sW-n Ahs `mK-p-\npw Ah-fpsS
`mK-p-\npw Hmtcm hn[n-Im-sfshv ]c-kv]cw Imcy N sNbvXv cayamb Hp-Xop-m--W-sav ]d-n-p-v. Cs\ \mep L- Ign-npw Hcp
\nepw Hsm-cp-anpt]mIm km[n-p-n-s-n-emWv hnhm-l-tam-N\w \n-bn-n-p-Xv. Az-emJzv: 1 Amlp {]hm-N-I-s\bpw hnizm-kn-I-sfbpw hnfnp ]d-bp-p:
Hm {]hm-N-Itc, \n kv{XoIsf hnhm-l-tam-N\w sNp-I-bm-sW-n Ah-cpsS "C'
kabtv hnhm-l-tam-N\w sNp-Ibpw CmImew icnv FnW-m-p-Ibpw
sNp-I. Ah-cpsS hoSp-I-fn\nv \n Ahsc ]pd-m-p-Itbm, Ah kzta-[bm
]pdpt]mIp-Itbm sN-cpXvAh hy-amb Zp-S-n Gs-m-sem-gn-sI. Bh-ap-m-Ip kv{XoIv Cm-Imew aqv ipnImeam-sWpw B-hapmIm
kv{XoIpw Bhw {Ia-an-msXbpm-Ip kv{XoIpw aqp amk-m-e-amsWpw K`n-Wn-Iv {]k-hn-p--Xp-h-sc-bm-sWpw Az-emJzv: 4 ]d-n-pv.
]pcp-j acnpt]mIp kv{XoI-fpsS Cm-Imew \mepamkhpw ]v Znh-k-hp-amWv Fv
_Jd: 234epw ]d-n-p-v. ]pcp-j kv{XobpsS \nb-mZm-hm-b-Xn-\m Xncn-s-Spm IqSp-X _m[yX ]pcpj\mWv (A-n-km-Av: 34 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I.) B-h-Imev hnhm-l-tam-N\w A\p-h-Z-\o-b-a-sv Cu kq--fn\npw a\-n-em-mw.
229. hnhm- l - t am- N \w cv {]mh- i yam- W v . \ymb- a mb coXn- b n ]nSn- p
shpItbm (\n-e-\np-I) AX-s-n \coXn-bn ]ncn--b-p-Itbm
sNt--Xm-Ip-p. \n Ahv \In-b-Xn\nv Hpw Xncnp
hm \nv A\p-h-Z-\o-b-a-Z-Xn-I-fn Ccp-hcpw Am-lp-hns
\nb-a-]cn-[nI ]men-p-Ibn-sv `b-s-m-sem-gnv. Z-Xn-Ifnencp-hcpw
Am-lp-hns \nb-a-]cn-[n-I ewLn-p-sav \n `b-s-m, kv{Xo
Xs `m-hn\v hnhm-l-aqeyw Xncn-p-sIm-Spv hnhmltamN\w t\Sp-
Xv Ah-cpsS cp-t]-cp-sSbpwta Ip-an. CsXmw Am-lp-hns \nb-a]-cn-[n-I-fm-Wv. AXns\ \n hnp-I-S--cp-Xv. Bsc-nepw Am-lp-hns
\nba]cn-[n-I hnp-I-S-m, Atm Aq- Xs-bmWv A{I-an-I.
km[m-c-W-K-Xn-bn hnhm-l-aqeyw \In-b-Xn\nv Hpw Xncn-p-hm-m ]mSn.
Fm kv{XoI-fn Zp-Sp ImWp-Itbm As-n kv{Xo hnhm-l-tam-N\w Bh-iysv asmcp hnhm-l-n\v tImpIqp-I-bmsWv a\-n-em-hp-Itbm sNp Ah-k-cn ]pcp-j\v hnhm-l-aqeyw Xncnv tNmZn-m-hp--Xm-Wv. ]pcp-j kv{XobpsS hnImcw
ian-n-p--Xn\v Ign-hn-m--h-\m-sWXns t]cn kv{Xo asmcp ]pcp-js\ kzoIcnm Dt-inppsh-nepw hnhm-l-aqeyw apgp-h\pw Xncn-p-sIm-Spv Ahv Ah\n\nv hnhm-l_
- w ths]-Spm-hp-X
- mWv, CXn\v "Jp-Av' Fp]d-bp-p. BenCw-dm: 94, amCZ: 45, Xu_: 23 XpS-nb kq--fpw, Atm Aq- Xs-bmWv
A{I-an-I F Bi-b-n-emWv Ah-km-\n-p--Xv. A; Aq- Xs-bmWv A{Ian-I F Bi-b-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bmWv Aq: 50 Ah-km-\n-p--Xv.
236
JpB\ns Bmhv
230. C\n Ah Ahsf (aqmw {]mh-iyhpw) hnhm-l-tam-N\w sNbvXm,

Ahsf asmcp `mhv hnhmlw Ignv hnhm-l-tam-N\w sNbvX-Xn\p
tij-a-msX Ah\v Ahsf A\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-hp-I-bn. C\n Ah\pw Ahsf
ths-Sp-n-bm Ah c-p-t]cpw Am-lp-hns \nb-a-]-cn-[n-I \ne\np-sav Dd-p-s-n Ah ]c-kv]cw hnhm-l-_--n-tev aS Atm Ah cpt]-cpsSbpw-ta hntcm-[-an. CsXmw Amlp-hns \nb-a-]-cn-[n-I-fm-Wv. Adn-hp P\-X-bvp-th-n-bmWv CsXmw
hy-am-p--Xv.
Htc Ccn-n aqv XzemJv sNmp--hsc \_n (-k) i]n-n-p-v. Jp-B-\ns
hn[n-hn-e
- p-If
- \
- p-kc
- n-msX Htc Ccn-n aqv XzemJv sNmpIbpw, AXv aqmbnXs
]cn-K-Wnv asm-cmsf NSv \nn hnhmlw sNnn-p-Ibpw, tijw hnhm-l-tamN\w sNn-nv BZy-`mhpXs hnhmlw sNpIbpw sNp GmSv Ckvem-anI-a-. ]pXnb `mhv hnhmlw sNbvXv, Jp-B ]d hnhm-l-tam-N-\-n-\p
Fm L-fpw Ignv XzemJv sNpI-bm-sW-n am{Xta BZy ]pcp-j\pw kv{Xopw
]pXnb \nmln (hn-hml DS--Sn) Gs-Sm ]mSp-q. Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-ItfmSv
ao ]nSn--cp-sXv ]d-npw Ah ao]nSn-v kzbw Ipc--m-cmbn amdn. AXpt]mse-bmWv Cv apkvenw kap-Zm-bw Ah-cpsS hnhm-l-nepw hnhm-l-tam-N-\-nepw ISnqnb aqp XzemJv HnpsNm, NSp\n XpSnb Zpcm-Nm-c-.
AXp Imc-W-ambn \msf \c-I-n Ahcpw Ipc--mcpw ]n-I-fp-ambnmWv {]thinn-s-Sp-I. CXn-s-sbmw ]m]-`mcw Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-an-msX (lJv CmsX) ]nX-cm-sWv Al--cn-p Jp-B hln-p Igp-X-ImWv (PpapA: 5) e`n-pI
_Jd: 66,159-161,167 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
231. \n kv{XoIsf hnhm-l-tam-N\w sNp-Ibpw As\ Ah Ah-cpsS
Cm-Imew ]qo-I-cn-p-Ibpw sNbvXm, Ahsc \ymb-amb coXn-bn
\ne-\np-Itbm A-s-n \ymb-amb coXn-bn Ahsc ]ncn--b-pItbm sNp-I. \n ]cn[n ewLn--h-cm-bn-smv t{Zmln-p-Xn\pthn \n-f-hsc ]nSnpsh-cp-Xv. As\ h-h\pw {]hnm \nbw, Ah Ah-t\m-Sp-Xs A{Iaw {]hn-p. \n Amlp-hns kq-sf Ah-K-Wnv ]cn-lmkyambn FSp--cp-Xv. \n-fpsS
ta Amlp sNbvX A\p-{K-l-sfbpw \nsf D]-tZ-in-p {Khpw
XXz-m-\hpw \nfpsSta Ah-X-cnn--Xn-s\bpw \n Hmn-phn. \n Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-b-n kqn-p-Ibpw sNp-hn.
\n Adn-bp-Ibpw sNp-I, \nbw Amlp Fm Imcy--fp-a-dn-bp
k-m-\n-bm-Ip-p.
Am-lp-hns\ Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n Iv `b-s-Sp-Ibpw Ncn--I-bpw Fm
\nan-j--fnepw Ahs\ kvacnpIbpw, Jp-B-\n-epsS Ah \Inb hn[n-hn-e-p-I
apgp-Po-hnX taJ-e-I-fnepw a\kmhmNmIWm AwKo-I-cn-pIbpw thWw. Fm
Jp-B-\ns Bibw Adn-bm--Xp-sImv sshhm-lnI Pohn-X-n- am{X-a-, Pohn-Xnse FmtaJ-e-I-fnepw Jp-B-\ns Bfp-I-sfv Zpc-`n-am-\n-p Cu P\X
A_-Jd (2)
237
Zo\n\nv hfscZqsc AI-v Fm Xn-I-fnepw apnepw \-bn ]nn-ep-ambn ]nSnh-n-bn-msX A[x--Xn-n-cn--bm-Wv. kzbw \nyX sXc--Spv ap--h-cm
ImnpXpsSp Ah--bn-em-bn-cn-p-I-bm-Wh.
Azem-Jv: 2, Atm Ah (hn-hml ap-I) Ah-cpsS C-]qn-bm-nbm Ahsc \-co-Xn-bn \n ]nSn-p-sh-p-I-tbm, As-n Adn-b-s \ymbamb coXnbn ths]-Sp-p-Itbm sNp-I. \n-fn\np cv \oXn-amamsc
AXn\p kmywhln-n-p-Ibpw sNp-I. Ah Am-lp-hns\ kmy-s-Sp-n-smv
kmyw \ne-\np-Ibpw sNs. AXmWv Am-lp-hn\v, Ahs\smpw AyZn-\ssmpw hniz-kn- \ntfmSv D]-tZ-in-m-\p--Xv. BcmtWm Am-lp-hns\
lrZ-b
- n kqn-X
- v Ahsmcp t]mwhgn \Ip-X
- m-sWpw ]d-bp-p. A^m:
29 hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv, \n Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-b-n kqn-p--h-cm-hp-I-bm-sWn, \nv kXym-kXyhnth-N\ Dc-v (^pJm) \Ip-XmWv Fp]d-bpp.
XzemJv: 2 ]d t]mwh-gnbpw A^m: 29- ]d ^pJm\pw Jp-B\ns
Bibw Xs-bm-Wv. \n Am-lp-hns kq-sf ]cn-lm-kyambn FSp--cp-Xv,
\nbw Cu Jp-B kv]jvT-amb Kuch-ta-dnb hmp-I Xs-bmWv, CXv Xam-i-b (Azm-cn-Jv: 13-14). kXy-\n-tj-[n-I kXy-n anYy IS-n-Iq-p--Xn\pthn
anYysImv Xn-psImncn-p-p, Ah Fs kq-fpw Xmo-Xp-Ifpw ]cn-lmky-ambn ImWp-Ibpw sNp-p F Bi-b-n-emWv Ilv^v: 56mw kqw Ah-km-\np--Xv. Fs kq--sfbpw Fs ZqXam-scbpw ]cn-lmk]m{X-ambn sXsc-sSp-n-cn-p-Xp ImcWw Ahp (k-Xy-\n-tj-[n-Ip-) {]Xn-êw \cIp
WvTam-sv Ilv^v: 106epw ]d-bp-p. A hmJnA: 81, \n Cu h-am\s (Jp-B\n-s\) emL-ht- m-Sp-IqSn FSp-p-Ib
- mtWm Fv tNmZn-p-p. (epJvam:
6, kpa: 55-59, Pmknb: 35 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 66,85,152,176 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
232. \n kv{XoIsf hnhm-l-tam-N\w sNp-Ibpw Ah Ah-cpsS Ah[n
]qn-bm-p-Ibpw sNbvXm, \ymb-amb coXn-bn asmcp ]pcp-j-\pambn Ah ]c-kv]cw Xr]vXn-sv hnhmlnX-cmIp--Xn\nv \n
Ahsc XS-b-cp-Xv. AXmWv \n-fn\nv Am-lp-hnepw Ay-Zn-\-nepw
hniz-kn-p--h-tcmSv D]-tZ-in-m-\p--Xv. AXp-X-s-bmWv \nv
Ghpw ipn-bp-Xpw kwkvI-c-WapXpw. Amlp Adn-bp-h\pw
\ntfm Adn-hn-m--h-cp-am-Ip-p.
Fmw Adn-bp {XnImem\n-bmb Am-lp-hmWv hnhm-l-_--n-eqsS
Ahs krn-Isf _n-n-p-Xv. Fm a\p-jyscbpw `qan-bn sImp-h-Xv Amlp-hm-sWpw, Ah \n-bn Ah[nhsc Ah ChnsS Xma-kn-p-sapw, AhnhnsS Pohn-X-hn-`-h--fp-spw, AXp-sImv Bcpw Bpw kza Fm-hcpw kzX{-cmWv F t_m[-n \ne-sIm--epamWv ]cn-ip-n-bp-sSbpw kwkvI-c-W-n-sbpw
amKw (A-n-km-Av: 1 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 216,222 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
233. ]nXmhv Xs Ipnv ape-IpSn ]qn-bm-m Dt-in-p-p-sh-n amXm Ah-cpsS Ipn-Iv cphjw apgp-h-\mbpw ape-bq-t--Xm-Wv.
238
JpB\ns Bmhv
\ymb-amb coXn-bn-ep `-Whpw hkv{Xhpw Ahv \I ]nXmhns _m[y-X-bm-Wv. Fm Bcnepw Ah-cpsS Ign-hn Ihn _m[yX-I Npa-m-hp-X-. Hcp amXmhpw Ah-cpsS km-\w ImcWw D]-{Z-hn-s-Sm-hpX, Hcp ]nXmhpw Xs km\w ImcWw D]-{Z-hn-s
- -SmhpX-. ]nXm-hns A`m-h-n AtX _m[y-X-I Abm-fpsS A\--cm-hIm-in-IfpsS-ta Dm-bn-cn-pw. C\n Ah cp-t]cpw IqSn-bm-tem-Nnv
Xr]vXn-sv ape-IpSn \nm Dt-in-p-I-bm-sW-n AXn\v Ah cpt]cpsSbpwta hntcm[-an-. C\n asmcp kv{Xosb-smv \ymb-amb
{]Xn-êw sImSp-p-sImv \n-fpsS Ipn-Iv ape sImSpn-p-hm
Dt-in-p-Ib
- m-sW-n AXn\pw \n-fpsS ta hntcm-[a
- n-. \n Amlp-hns\ lrZ-b
- n kqn-p-Ibpw, \nbw Amlp \n {]hnp-Xv honp-sIm-n-cn-p--h-\m-Ipp Fv \n Adn-bp-Ibpw
sNp-I.
epJvam: 14-, ape-bq cv hj-am-sWpw, AlvJm^v: 15-, K`-Imehpw

ape-bqepw IqSn apXv amk-am-sWpw ]d-n-p-v. Cu kq-n ape-IpSn ]qnbm-m-\p-t-in-p--hv cp hj-am-sWpw ]d-bp-p. Atm Npcp-n-bXv Bdv
amkamWv K`[mcW kabw. Fm km[m-cW KXn-bn Ggv amkw XnIv {]khnp Ipnsb hf-sb-m {]k-h-ambn IW-m-p-Xpw, Ggv amk-am-ImsX {]khn-m Ipn Pohn-n-cn-p-I-bn Fp-amWv imkv{X-\n-K-a-\w. Fm Bdv amk-ambmepw A]q k`-fn Ipn Pohn-ncnp-sapw B Ipnv ]q-ambn cp
hjw ape-bq--W-sapw Cu kq-n\nv a\-n-em-mw. ]v amkw ]qnbmbn
P\n-p Ipnv Ccp-]Xv amkw ape-sIm-Sp-mepwaXn Fp kmcw. hnhm-l-tam-Nn-Xbm-sW-nepw Ipnv ape-sIm-Sp-p Ime-v \ymb-amb coXn-bn-ep `-Whpw
hkv{Xhpw amXm-hn\v \I ]nXm-hns _m[y-X-bm-Wv. ]nXm-hns A`m-h-n IpnbpsS cm-[n-Im-cn-bmb A\--cm-h-Im-in-bpsStaemWv Cu _m[yXhcn-I. Hcmfpw
Ahv hln-m Ign-bm _m[y-X-I hln-tXnspw, Am-lp-hns
krnbmb Hcp Ipntbm Hcp amXmthm Hcp ]nXmthm Hcp cm-[n-Im-cntbm BcpwXs
asm-cm aptJ\ _pn-ap--cpsXpw Bcpw Bpw `mc-am-I-cpXv FpamWv Amlp
Dt-in-p--Xv. a\p-jy-scmw kzX-{-cm-bn-mWv krjvSn-sn-p--sX-pw, kzKhpw
\cIhpw Hmtcm-cp-cpw ]Wn-tb--Xm-sWpw Cu kqhpw ]Tn-n-p-p.
234. `m--m acn-p-t]m-Ip \n-fn\n-p `mcy-am- Xsf \mep
amkhpw ]v Znh-khpw kzbw XSp \ntXm-Ip-p. C\n AhcpsS Cm Ah[n ]qn-bm-bm Ah \ymb-amb coXn-bn kzw Imcyn Xocp-am-\-sa-Spv {]hn-p--Xn \nv (A-\--cm-h-Im-inIv) hntcm-[a
- n-. Amlp \n {]hn-p-s
- Xmw hebw sNbvX
{XnIm-e-m-\n-bm-Ip-p.
\nv hntcm-[-an Fp]d--Xnse "\n' sImv Dt-in-p-Xv acnp
t]mb `m-hns A\--cm-h-Im-in-Isfp-dn-m-Wv. kv{XoI {]mbm-[n-Iy-ap--htcm
Ipn-I-fp--h-tcm BsW-n B Ipn-Isf kwc-nv asmcp hnhmlw Ign-msX
A_-Jd (2)
239
PohnXw XpS-cm\pw AX; kv{Xo {]mbw Ipd--hfmsW-n Ahv C-ap ]pcpj-\p-ambn hnhmlntes-Sm\pw kzmX-{y-ap-vIpn-If
- phfmsWnepw icn. _Jd:
240-, kv{XoIv Hcp sIms PohnXhn`hw hkzn-v sN-W-sav acn-p-t]mIp `m--m-tcmSv Iev]n-p-p. Ah Ah-cpsS kzw Imcy-n Xocp-am-\-saSpv hon\nv ]pdpt]mhp-I-bm-sW-n AXn A\--cm-h-Im-in-Iv Ip-an-
Fpw ]d-bp-p. sNdp--m-cn-I-fmb kv{XoIsf acnp t]mIp `m-hns ktlm-Zc Bsc-nepw hnhmlw sNbvXv Ahv ZmXyPohnXw \Im t{]cnn--W
sav kmcw.
_Jd: 271, Ben-Cw-dm: 180, lZo-Zv: 10, apPm-Zne: 3,11, XKm-_p: 8 XpS--nb kq-sfmw "Amlp \n-fpsS {]h-\- hebw sNbvX {XnIm-e-m\nbmIpp'
F Bi-b-n-em-Wv Ah-km-\n-p-Xv. "\nbw Amlp \n {]hnp-Xv
hebwsNbvX {XnIm-e-m-\n-bm-Ipp' F Bi-b-n-emWv epJvam: 29 Ah-km-\n
p--Xv. AXm-bXv Hmtcm \^vkpw Fhn-sS-bmWp P\n-p-I, GXp amXm-]n-Xm--fn
Ftm GXp \mn, ]pcp-j-\m-bn-m-tWm kv{Xobm-bn-mtWm P\n-p-I, Ah-cpsS Bbpv F{X-bm-Wv, Ah- F{X `-Ww Ignpw, Ftm FhnsSshv acn-pw, Ah-cpsS
ico-c-n\nv `qan-bn F{X ebn-p-tN-cpw, kzK-n-em-bn-cn-p-tam \c-I-n-em-bncn-ptam XpS-nb FmImcy-fpw Amlp t\cs \n-bnv Hcp {K-n tcJs-Spnshn-p-v. "eulp alv^q-fn' kqn--s {K-am-W-Xv. Hmtcm-cp-cpw
FmWp Pohn-X-Im-ep {]hn-pIm-sb I-tcJ Ah-c-h-cpsS ]nc-Sn-bn hlnp-p-sp Ckvdm-Av: 13 ]d-n-p-v. hn[n-Zn-hkw Amlp Ahv AsXmcp
Xpd {]Im-in-p {K-ambn ]pd-s-Spp sImSp--psapw, \ns {Kw \o hmbnp-I, Ct-Zn-hkw \ns hnNm-cW \S-m \o Xs aXn-bm-b-h-\tm Fpw CkvdmAv: 14 ]d-bp-p. 15, BcmtWm kamKn-em-b-Xv AXv Ah-\p-thn Xs-bm
Wv, BcmtWm hgn-]n-g--Xv AXns tZmjhpw Ah\pXs-bm-Wv Fpw, `mcw hlnp Hcmfpw asm-cm-fpsS `mcwhln-p-I-bn- Fpw, Hcp {]hm-N-Is\ \ntbm-Kn-msX
\mw inn-p--h-\mhp-I-bn Fpw]d-bp-p A-Bw: 31,104,164, \lv: 25, ^mXzn:
18, kpa: 7, \Pvav: 38 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _-Jd: 38 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
BIm-i-`q-an-I-fntem \n-fn Xstbm Hcp-Imcyw \S-p-n-, AXp hy-amb
Hcp {K-n tcJ-s-Sp-n-bn--msX Fv lZo-Zv: 22 ]d-n-p-v. Xu_: 51,
lv: 70, \wev: 75, ^mXzn: 11, XKm-_p: 11 XpS-nbh kam\mi-b-ap kq--fmWv. ^mXzn-: 14mw kqw Ah-km-\n-p-Xv, "Fmw hebw sNbvsXmcp {XnIm-em-\n-b-msX CXp-t]m-epsmcp hrmw (Jp-B) \ntmSv ]d-bp-I-bn-'-sb
Bi-b-n-em-Wv. ^pJm: 58 ]d J_o Am-lp-hm-Wv. \n\v B J_odns\pdnv Adn-bn-s-n AKm[ m\n-I-fmb J_oamtcmSv tNmZn-p-t\m-pI
Fv 59 ]d-bp--Xnse J_o Jp-B\ns Bibadn-bp Bfm-Wv. Npcp--n
Amlp Xs-bmWv Jp-B, B Jp-B\ns Bibw Adn-bp-tm am{X-amWv Ahc-hsc Xncn--dn-bp-I F eyw ]q-am-hp-I. Jp-B\ns Bi-b-an-msX {]h\- kzoI-cn--s-Sp-I-bn (_-Jd: 186). Ben-Cw-dm: 153, Xu_: 16, ap\m-^n-Jq: 11,
apPm-Zne: 13 XpS-nb kq- Ah-km-\n-p-Xv, "\n FmWv {]hn-p-Imsbv hebw sNbvX-h-\mWv Amlp' F Bi-b-n-em-Wv. Aq: 53, liv: 18
240
JpB\ns Bmhv
Fo kq- Ah-km-\n-p--Xv, "\n-bw Amlp \n FmWv {]hn-pIm-sbv hebw sNbvX-h-\mWv' F Bi-b-n-em-Wv.

235. (Ccw) hn[-h-I-fmb kv{XoI-tfmSv Ah-cpsS Cm thf-bn \n hnhmlm-`n-emjw kqNn-n-p-Itbm As-n B B{Klw \n-fpsS a\-n
kqn-p-Itbm sNp--Xn \n-v hntcm-[-an-. Amlp Adn-n
pv\nbw \n Ahscpdnv Hmnp-sa-v. Fm \n
hXpw kwkm-cn-p-I-bm-sW-n am\y-ambn \ymb-amb cq]-nemsX
\n cl-ky-ambn Ah-tcmSv hnhm-l-hm-KvZm\w \S-m-Xn-cn-p-I. In-s Imem-h-[n-bmb Cm-Imew Ign-bmsX hnhml DS-Sn \n Hcnepw Xocp-am-\n-m Xp\n-b-cp-Xv. \n Adn-bp-Ibpw sNp-I\nbw
Amlp \n- s fp- d nv icnpadn- b p- p. \n Ahs\p- d nv
Pm{KXbp--h-cm-hpI. \n Adn-bp-Ibpw sNp-I\nbw Amlp hfsc-b-[nIw s]mdp-p-- am-io-e\m-Ip-p.
kq-n ]d "\nv hntcm-[-an' F-Xp-sImv Dt-in-p-Xv acn-pt]mb `m-hns ktlm-Z-c--sf-p-dn-mWv. Ahv Ah-cpsS ktlm-Zc `mcysb
hnhmlw Ign-m B{K-ln-m-hp-Xpw B Imcyw Adn-b-s (am-\y-am-b) \ne-bn
Ahsf Adn-bn-m-hp-Xpw \mepamkhpw ]pZnh-khpw (Cm kabw) Ign-m
Ah-fp-ambn hnhmlcm-dn Gs-Sm-hp--Xp-am-Wv. "\nbw Amlp \nsfpdnv
icnpw Adn-bpp' Fp-]-d-m \nsf Cmbvabn\nv Dmnb Amlp
\n-fpsS {]h-\--sfmw hebw sNbvX-h\m-Wv Fm-Wv. hn[n-Zn-hkw hnNmcWm thf-bn Cukm \_n (A) ]d-bp--Xmbn amCZ: 116 ]d-bp-p: \o Fs
\^vkns Ahbdn-bp--h-\m-Wv, Fm Rm \ns \^vkns Ah Adn-bp-h-\-, \nbw AZr-iy--sfmw Adn-bp GI \o am{X-a-tm. (epJvam: 34 Iqnhm-bn-p-I) _Jd: 28,255 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mpI.
236. kv{XoIsf kv]in-p--Xn\paptm As-n hnhm-l-aqeyw \n-bn-p-Xn\p aptm Ahsc hnhm-l_
- w ths]-Sp-p-X
- n \n-v hntcm[-sam-p-an-. [\nI-\pw- Z-cn-{Z\pw Ah-\-hs Ign-h-\p-k-cnv \ymb-amb
hn`hw \I-Ww. Am-lp-hns\ Ip-sImv Ncn-phv AsXmcp
_m[y-X-bm-Wv.
237. C\n \n Ahsc kv]in-p--Xn\papvhnhm-l-aqeyw \n-bnnpapvhnhm-l-tam-N\w sNp-I-bm-sW-n \n \n-bn hnhm-l-aqey-ns ]IpXn Ahp \I-WwAh hnSp-Xn-sN-bvXm-sem-gnsI. Asn Ah-cpsS cm-[n-Imcn hnSpXn sNbvXm-sem-gn-sI. \n hnp-hogvN
sNX-s-bmWv kqva-X-tbmSv Ghpw ASp--Xv. \nn-S-bnse
t{i-Xsb \n ad--cp-Xv. \nbw Amlp \n {]hn-p-Xns\ honpsIm-n-cn-p--h-\m-Ip-p.
hnhmlaqeyw \n-bnm Ah--bn, ssewKnI _-n GsSp-Xn\papv X-Xmb Imc-W-ap-s-n hnhm-l-tam-N\w \S-p--Xn\v hntcm-[-an-.
A_-Jd (2)
241
Fm Ign-hp--h Ahs Ign-h-\p-k-cnpw Ign-hn-m--h Ahs Ign-h-\p-kcnpw \ymb-amb (Adn-b-s-Sp) coXn-bn-ep ]mcn-tXm-jnIw \I-Ww. _Jd: 241
Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-b-n kqn-p ap-Jo- hnhm-l-tam-Nn-X-Iv Adnb-s \ymb-amb coXn-bn-ep ]mcn-tXm-jnIw \I \n_--am-Wv Fp]d-bp-p.
hnhm-l-aqeyw \n-bn-p-Ibpw Fm ssewKn-I-_--n Gs-Sp--Xn\p apv
hnhm-l-tam-N\w \S-p-I-bp-am-sW-n \n-bn hnhm-l-aq-ey-ns ]IpXn \IWw. Ahtfm As-n Ah-fpsS \nmlv \S-nb cm-[n-Im-cntbm AXv thsv
]d-bpI-bm-sW-n AXv \tI--Xp-an-. ]pcp-j-mv kv{XoI-fpsSta Hcp m\w
(t{i-jvT-X) D-Xn-\mepw hnhm-l-taJ-ebn ]pcp-j\v kv{XobpsSb{Xv amyX kw`hn-m--Xn-\mepw hnhm-l-aqeyw apgp-h\pw hnp-sIm-Spv Ahsf ]ncn--b-p-I-bmWv
Ghpw D-aw. Am-lp-hns A\p-{K-l-v \n {]I-Sn-n-p, Pohn-X-eyw a\n-em-nb k-\--fpsS kz`m-h-amWXv. \n hnizm-kn-\n-Isf hnhmlw Ign-p-Ibpw, ]ns Ahsc kv]in-p--Xn-\p-apv hnhm-l-tam-N\w \S-p-I-bp-am-sW-n
\n Fn--W-m-p "C' BN-cn-t _m[yX Ahn-. Fm \n
Ahv am\y-amb ]mcn-tXm--jnIw \Ip-I-bpw, `wKnbmbn ]ncn--b-p-Ibpw sNp-I
Fv Alvkm_v: 49- hnizm-kn-Isf hnfnv Amlp ]d-np-v.
\nkm-Av: 32, \n-fn Nnev Nne-tc-m t{ijvTX \In-bXv \n
sImXn--cp-sX-pw, ]pcp-j\v Ah km-Zn hnln-X-ap-v, kv{XoIv Ah kmZn hnln-X-hp-ap-v, \n Am-lp-hn-t\mSv Ahs HuZm-cy- tNmZn-p-I, \nbw Amlp Fm-Im-cy-fpw Adn-bp k-m-\n-btm Fpw]d-n-p-v.
Atm kzKhpw \c-I-hp-samw Hmtcm-cp--cmWv ]Wn-bp--Xv, Amlp ap--hv
\Inb A\p-{K-l--fn Akq-b-s-Sm ]mSn-. ]pcp-j-\mbn P\n-ntm kv{Xobmbn
P\n-ntm-sb Bh-em-Xnsbmpw Dm-Im ]mSn-. Fm Jp-B ]Tn-pIbpw ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNp Imcy-n Akq-b-s-Sm-hp--Xpw a-cn-m-hp--Xp-amWv. Atm a-cn-p--h AXn-\p-thn a-cn-s (ap-Xv^v^nô: 26). Ben-Cwdm: 133, lZo-Zv: 21 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I.
238. \n \a-kI
v m-c
- fn kqvaX ]pepI, hnti-jnv a[ya \a-kI
v mcw
(\n-ln-p--Xn) \n Am-lp-hn\v hW-ph-cmbn \np-Ibpw
sNp-I.
239. \n `bns Ah-bn-em-sW-n, \S-p-sImpw hml-\-n-embn-smpw \a-kvI-cn--Ww. C\n \n \n`-b-cm-bm CXn\papv
\nv Adn-hn-m-Xn-cp-Xv Amlp ]Tn-np X-Xp-t]mse \n
Am-lp-hns\ kvacn-p-hn.
Fm-bvtmgpw Am-lp-hns\ Ip-sImv Ncn-phcm-Wv aplvkn-\o-.
Fm PohnX taJ-e-I-fn apgpIptm Dm-Ip ss]im-Nn-I-amb Nn-Ifpw kwkmc-fpw {]h-\-Xsbpw Am-lp-hn-t\mSv Gp]d-bp--Xn-\p-thn Ah-\p
ambp ap\m- P m- mWv (Iq- S n- m- g v N - b m- W v ) \a- k v I mcw. \^v k v ]s- S p- msX,
icocwsImv am{X-ap \a-kvImcw kzoI-cn---Sp-I-bn-sp am{X-a inn--s-Sp-
242
JpB\ns Bmhv
Ibpw sNpw. hnizm-kn-I-fpsSta \-a-kvIm-cw kabw \n-bn--s _m[y-X-bm-Wv

(A-n-km-Av: 103). \a-kvIm-c-ns 14 ^fp-I-fn Hm-Wv. Xpa-Av\o\-tm-Sp-Iq-Snbp \a-kvIm-c-amWv (a[y-a) \a-kvImcw.
Fm, imn\n`-c-amb Dd-mb Ah--bm-Wv. AXm-bXv, lrZbwsImv lrZb-ns Ahbdn-bp DS-a-bmb dn-s apn Fmw Xpdpshp-Ibpw {]m\-Iv Dcw e`npshv Ddphcp-nbtijw ]nhm-p-Ibpw sN-em-Wv. B
Ddp e`n-p-Xphsc ASnsbmXpn Xma-kn--emWv Xzpa-Av-\o-\v. Jp-B-\ns
BibwsImv am{Xta Xzpa-Av-\o-\v e`n-p-I-bp-q. Ad-Av-Zv: 28- Amlp ]dbpp: Adn-n-cn-p-I, Jp-B-\ns BibwsImv lrZ-b-v Xzpa-Av-\o-\v e`np--Xm-Wv. "\^vkv apXzva-C' (Xzpa-Av-\o-\v e`n Bmhv) -am-{Xta kzK-n
{]th-in-p-I-bp-q (A^Pv: 27-30). Cs\ hpkvXzm \a-kvImcw \n-ln-p-hm
]mh--bn \Spw hml-\-n-em-bn-sm-p-samw Am-lp-hns\ lrZbw sImv
kvacn--Ww.
bpka-b-p \a-kvIm-c -coXn An-km-Av: 102- hnh-cn-n-p-v. Fm Cv
t_mw_p-w tXmpsamw Bbp-[--fm-b-Xn-\m An-km-Av: 102- ]d \a-kvImc
coXn {]mtbmKnI-a-. AI-_qv: 45 A\p-k-cnv ]c-a-{]-[m\w Am-lp-hns kvac-Wbm-Wv. Am-lp-hns kvacW \ne-\nm-\mWv \a-kvIm-c-sav Xzml: 14- ]d-np-v. Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-an-msX Am-lp-hns kvacW \ne-\np-hm km[y-a--Xs. Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-an-m--XpsIm-mWv Cv Bfp-Iv \a-kvIm-c-n Amlp-hns kvacW \ne-\nm km[n-m-Xv. Jp-B AW-
- p-]t- bm-Knv ISnp]nSnncn-Ww Fv \_n(-k) "l-phnZm-C' ]Tn-n--Xns s]mcp Jp-B-\ns
Bibhpambn Ftmgpw _-s-SpI Fp-X-s-bm-Wv. AtmgmWv \a-kvIm-c-n-teXn-s\-m Am-lp-hp-ambp _w Dm-hp-I.
Bbncw dIvA
- v \a-kvIc
- n-p-X
- n-s\-m ]pWyw Hcp kqw ]Tn-e
- m-sWpw,
Bibw ]Tn Bfp-Iv \qdv dIv-Av \a-kvI-cn-p--Xn-t\-m Hcp kqw ]Tn-n-emWv D-a-sapw \_n(-k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. Bi-b-an-msX \a-kvIm-c-n-em-sWnepw Jp-B HmX-cp-sXpw HmXn-bm AXp-hgn hnn\npw Av sXdn-p-t]mIp thK-n Zo\n\nv Zqsc sXdn-p-t]m-Ip-sapw \_n(-k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. JpB-\n-se-hn-sS-bpw, BZyw Jp-B Xnem-h-pw ]ns \a-kvIm-c-hp-amWv ]d-n-p-Xv (A-Av-dm^v: 170, AI-_qv 45:, ^mXzn: 29, AAvem: 14,15 kq- t\mp-I)
hnizm-kn-I Fm-bvtmgpw Fhn-sSbpw lrZbwsImv Am-lp-hns\ kvacn-p-sImv
\ne-sIm-p--h-cmWv. Fm \a-kvIm-c-n Ah-cpsS ico-cw-IqSn AXn ]s-Sppp Fp am{Xw. AXn-\mWv hpkvXzm \a-kvImcw As-n Xpa-Av-\o-\-tmSpIq-Snbp \a-kvImcw Fp]d-bp--Xv. (_Jd: 46,152-153,186 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I).
240. \n-fn\nv `mcy-amsc hnv acn-p-t]m-Ip--h X-fpsS ]Xv\n-amsc
AhnsS\nv ]pd-m-msX Ahv Hcp hj-t-p PohnX hn`-h hkzn-v sNt--Xm-Wv. C\nbh \ymb-amb kzw Xocp-am-\n ]pdpt]mhp-I-bm-sW-n (Ah Ah-cpsS Imcy-n btYjvTw
{]hn-p--Xn) \n-fpsS-ta hntcm-[-an-. Amlp AP--\mb
A_-Jd (2)
243
bpn-\-tm.
241. hnhm-l-tam-Nn-X-Iv \ymb-amb PohnX hn`-h- Dv. ap-Jo-fp
sSta AXv _m[y-X-bm-Wv.
242. A{]-Imcw Amlp \nv Ahs kq- hy-ambn hni-Zo-IcnpXcp-p\n _pnbp]-tbm-Knv Nnn-p--hX-s-bm-IWw
FXn\pthn.
hnhm-l-aqeyw \n-bn-m Ah--bn ssewKnI _-n Gs-Sp-Xn\papv hnhm-l-tam-N\w \S-p-I-bm-sW-n Ahv Pohn-X-hn-`hw ]mcn-tXm-jn-Iambn \I- aplvkn-\o--fpsSta _m[y-X-bmWv Fv _Jd: 236- ]dnpv.
Fm ChnsS, Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-b-n kqnv Pohn-p--h-cpsSta hnhm-ltam-Nn-X-Iv PohnXhn`hw ]mcn-tXm-jn-I-ambn \I \n_--amWv Fpw Iev]np-p. \lv: 128, \nbw Amlp Ahs\ lrZ-b-n kqn-p--h-tcm-sSm-
hpw, Ahs\ Ip-sImv Ncn-p--h-tcm-sSm--hp-am-sWv ]d-n-p-v (A-lvkm_v:
49 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 73,180 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Hcp `mcy-bpsS m\v \n asmcp `mcysb sImp-h-cm-\p-t-in-m, BZy`m-cyv hnhm-l-aq-ey-ambn kz-ns Hcp IqmcwXs \In-bn-p-s-nepw icn,
AXn\nv Hpw Xncnphm-cp-sXpw (hmnbm) AXv hn A]-cm[hpw hyamb Ip-hp-am-sWpw An-km-Av: 20- ]d-np-v. Cu kq--sfmw Iqn-hm-bnp-tm kv{XoIsf hnhm-l-Po-hn-X-n IptdImew \nnbtijw Ahsc hnhm-ltam-Nn-X-cm-p-I-bm-sW-n, \Inb hnhm-l-aq-ey-n\p]pdsa \-]-cn-lm-cambn Hcp
]mcn-tXm-jnIw (hnhm-l-tam-N-\-{Zhyw) IqSn Ahv \IWsapw, Ahsc hgn-bm-[mc-am-p hn[n hnhml-tam-N\w \S-m ]mSn-spw, Ahv kwc-Ww
\Im cm-Im--fn-mh--bn asm-cm hnhmlw Ign-p--Xp-hsc Ahsf
kwc-n- `m-hns _m[y-X-bmsWpw a\-n-emmw. Ahv "aXm-Av' (]mcntXm-jnIw) \Ip-Xv Hcp PohnXamKw Is-m D]-I-cn-p--Xn\v IqSn-bm-bn-cn-Ww. (An-km-Av: 128-130 Iqn-hm-bn-pI).
243. Ah At\-Im-bn-c-ap-m-bn-pw ac-W-`-b-m X-fpsS hoSp-I-fn\nv
]pd-s-- Hcp-hn-`m-Kntev \ns {iXncn-n-tbm ({]hm-N-Im).
Atm Amlp Ah-tcmSv ]d-p: "\n acn-pI'. ]noSv Ah
Ahsc Pohn-np. \nbw Amlp a\pjy-cpsSta hf-sc-b-[nIw HuZmcy-ap--h Xs-bm-Wv. Fm a\p-jy-cn A[n-I-t]cpw \n {]I-Sn-nm-h-cm-Ip-p.
Ckvdm-Cu kap-Zm-b-n \S Hcpkw`hw FSp-p--cnv \_n(-k)sbbpw
hnizm-kn-I-sfbpw _Zv bp-n\pw XpSp bp-pw t{]cn-n-p-I-bmWv
ChnsS. Ah Bbn-c-W-n\v Bfp-I-fpm-bn-cpnpw X-fpsS hoSp-I-fn\nv acW-`b
-
- m Cd-n-tm-hp-Ib
- m-Wp-m-bX
- v. Atm Amlp Ah-tcmSv ]dp: "\n
acn-p-I, Fm _mn-bp--hv Pohn-mw'. Am-lp-hns amKn bpw
244
JpB\ns Bmhv
sNm\pw h[n--s-Sp-hm\pw Xm-dm-Im Hcp hn`m-K-n\v Pohn-m Al-X-bnspw, AXp-sImv hnizm-kn-I Fmw Am-lp-hn An-p-sImv Am-lp-hns
amK-n bpw sNm Xm-dm-hWsapw ]Tn-n-p-p. _Jd: 207 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
PohnXeyw \-s \ntj-[n-I-fm-Wv ac-Ws `b-s-Sp-I. hnizm-kn-I acWtmSpIqSn bYm Pohn-X-amb kzK-n {]th-in-p-I-bm-Wv. Am-lp-hns
amK-n h[n-s
- -Sp-h
- c
- m-Is Ahchn-sS- Bkz-Zn-p hn`-h
- fpsS B[nIym
`qan-bn Xncn-p-hv hopw Am-lp-hns amKn h[n--s-Sp-hm sImXn-psav \_n(-k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v (BenCwdm: 145 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). CXns ASn-m-\n- Da, Dkvam, Aen (d) Fn-h-scmw c-km-nXzw hln-m Ftmgpw
{]mn-p-am-bn-cpp. AXn-\m-emWv Ah I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fm h[n--s-Sm-\n-S-bm-bXv. Am-lp-hn\v \n{]I-Sn-n-m a\p-jyscmw \n-sI Im^n-dp-If
- msWv Ckm:
3 ]d-n-p-v. A^m: 24 Amlp ]d-bp-p: Hm hnizm-kn-Itf, \n Amlphpw Ahs {]hm-N-I\pw \nv PohnXw \Imthn hnfn-p-tm \-\ne
v adp-]Sn \Ip-I. \nbw Amlp hnizm-kn-I-fpsSbpw Ahs lrZ-b-n-s-bpw CS-bn-em-Wp--sX-pw, Ah\nte-mWv \n Hcp-an-p-Iq--s-SpIsb-pw \n Adnn-cn-phn. (Xu_: 38-42, 44-45, \q: 62-64 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 152,154 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I.
bqkp-^v: 38, apAvan: 61 Fo kq- Ah-km-\n-p--Xv, "]t P\--fn
A[n-I-t]cpw \n{]I-Sn-n-p--h-c-'F Bi-b-n-em-Wv. bq\p-kv: 61, \wev: 73 Fo
kq- Ah-km-\n-p--Xv, "]t, Ah-cn A[n-I-t]cpw \n-{]-I-Sn-n-p--h-c'
F Bib-n-ep-am-Wv. P\--fn 1000 999 \c-I-n-tepw, Hv kzK-n-te-p
am-sWv Cu kqhpw Hmannp-p.
244. \n Am-lp-hns amK-n bpw sNp-I. \n Adn-bpIbpw
sNp-hn\nbw Amlp Fmw tIp--h\pw Adn-bp--h-\p-am-Wv.
245. Am-lp-hn\v Ghpw \ \ne-bn ISw \Ip--h Bcpv? Atm
Ah\Xv At\Iw Cc-n-Ifmbn hn-n-p-sIm-Sp-p-X
- mWv. AmlphmWv
Npcpp-Ibpw \nhpIbpw sNp--Xv. Ah-\n-te-v XsbmWv \n-sfm-h-cpw Xncn--b-s-Sp--Xpw.
bp-n\v t{]cn-npsImp kqw Ah-X-cn-n--Xn\ptijw, B bp-n\v
Bh-iy-amb Bbp-[-w, hml-\-w, `-W-w apX-emb bp ]mtY-b- Hcp-p--Xn-\pthn kv sNe-h-gn--W-sav Iev]n-p-I-bmWv Cu kq-n. Am-lp-hns
amKn ]Ww sNe-h-gn-p--h-cpsS D]a, _Jd: 261- hni-Zo-I-cn-p-Xv C-s\bm-Wv: Hcp hnv ]mIp--Xp-t]m-se-bmWXv, B hnv Ggp IXn-cp-I-fp-ambn apfphcpp. Hmtcm IXn-cnepw \qdv aWn-I-fp-ap-v. Amlp Ah Dt-in-p--hv Cc-n-np
sImSp-p-p. (amCZ: 12, lZoZv: 18, AKm-_p: 17, ap-n: 20 Iqnhmbn-p-I).
Cu kqw Ah-X-cn--tm, aZo-\bn-ep PqX-mcpw ap\m-^n-Jp-I-fpw, Amlp
A_-Jd (2)
245
a\p-jy-cn\nv ISw tNmZn-p Ah--bn ]m-cm-bn-cn-p-p Fv ]cnl-knXn\v adp-]-Sn-bm-bn-mWv amCZ: 64-mw kqw Ah-X-cn-n-Xv. \nv \In-b-Xn\nv
\n sNe-h-gn-pI Fp]d-m, Im^n-dp-I hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv tNmZnpw: Amlp
`n-n-m Dt-in-m-hsc R `n-n-p-I-tbm?. \nsp ]n, AXv
Am-lp-hn\v FXncv {]hn--et? Fv bmko: 47- ]d-n-p-v. Cv bp-fn-, adnv Jp-B aqSnsh Im^n-dp-I-tfmSv Jp-B-\ns BibwsImv A[n-I-cn
PnlmZv am{XamWpXv. Fm Ign-hp-Ifpw kpw hn\n-tbm-Kn-t-Xv Jp-B ]Tnm\pw ]Tnn-m-\p-am-Wv. _Jd: 195 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
246. aqkmv tij-ap Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-I-fn\n-p {]am-Wn-am-cn-tev
\ns {iXncn-pthm ({]hm-NIm), Am-lp-hns amK-n bpw
sNp--Xn\v Rv Hcp cmPm-hns\ \ntbm-KnpXcnI Fh AhcpsS \_n-tbmSv ]d k`w. {]hm-N-I Ah-tcmSv tNmZn-p: \nv
bpw \n_-am--s-m ]ns \n bpw sNm-Xn-cn-p-tam?
Atm Ah ]d-p: \nbw R R-fpsS hoSp-I-fn\npw
k-Xn-I-fn\npw ]pd-m--s-n-cn-s, Am-lp-hns amK-n
bpw sNm-Xn-cn-m Rv FmWv XS-w. As\ bpw AhcpsSta \n_--am--s--tm Ah-cn\nv Ipdpt]mscm-gnv ap-h-scmw ]nn-cnpIf-p. Amlp Ccw A{I-an-Isfpdnv
icnpw Adn-bp--h-\m-Ip-p.
aqkmbpsS Imep Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-I-fpsS [nm-c-\bw Jp-B\n ]ebn-Spw hni-Zo-I-cn-p-p-v. Ckvdm-Av: 4 Amlp ]d-bpp: Ckvdm-bo k-XnI-fpsSta \mw hn[n-n-p-v, Ah henb HuXyw \Snv Al-m-cn-Ifpw [nm-cn-Ifp-ambn `qan-bn cp{]m-hiyw \miap-m-p-sa-v. Atm Ahs-Xn-sc AXn-I-Tn\-ambn, Ahsc t{Zmln-p Ahs krn-Isf Agn-p-hn-Sp-I-bpw, Ah-cpsS hoSp-I-fn
\npw, IpSp-_mw-K--fn \npsamw ]pd-mn Ahsc On-`n--am-n--f-bp-Ibpw
sNpsav Ckvdm-Av: 5epw ]d-bp-p.
aqkm-\-_nbpsS Ime-tijw Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-I kXy-n\nv hyXn-Nenv IqSp-X [nm-cn-I-fmbnocp-Ibpw ap P\-Xsb A\p-Icn-m XpS-p-Ibpw
sNbvXp. ap P\-Xbvv cmPm--m aptJ-\-bmWv {]uVnbpw {]Xm-]hpw e`n--sXv
{]Xy--n a\-n-em-nb Ah, \_nsb Hgn-hmn t\Xr-m-\tv cmPmhns\
\ntbm-Knp Xc-W-samWv Bh-iy-s-Sp--Xv. hnizm-kn-Iv Ccw kz`mhw DmIm ]mSn Fv ]Tn-n-p-I-bp-am-WnhnsS. _Jd: 95, Xu_: 47, PpapA: 7 XpS-nb
kq--sfmw Ah-km-\n-p--Xv, "Amlp Ccw A{I-an-Isfpdnv icnpw Adnbp--h-\m-Ipp' F Bi-b-n-em-Wv. Cu kq--fpsS Xnem-h-v: Am-lp-th,
Rsf \o Ccw B{I-an-I-fn Ds-Sp--cp-tX, Rsf \o ap-Jo--fnepw hnPbn-I-fnepw DsSp-t-W-ta FmWv.
247. Atm Ah-cpsS {]hm-N-I Ah-tcmSv ]d-p: \nbw Amlp
\nv Xmeq-ns\ cmPm-hmbn \ntbm-Knnpv. Ah tNmZnp: F
246
JpB\ns Bmhv
s\-bmWv Ah\v R-fpsSta cmPm[n]-Xy-apmhp-I? cmPm-[n-]-Xy-n\v
R-fmWv Ah-t\-m Ghpw Alscn-cn-sAh\v IqSp-X [\w
\I-s-n-pan. \_n ]d-p: \nbw Amlp \n-fpsSta Atls sXc-s-Sp-n-cn-p-p. hnim-e-amb Adnhpw Imbn-I-]p-nbpw
Amlp At-l-n\v A[n-I-cn-n-n-p-v. Amlp Ah Dt-in--hv
Ahs B[n- ] Xyw \Ip- p. Amlp k- h ym- ] n- b mb
k\mIpp.
{]Xy--n-ep ico-c-]p-nbpw ùXn-I-hn-Zym-`ym-khpw {]uVnbpw {]Xm-]hpw

k-p-sa-m-amWv, kXy-n\nv hyXn-N-en P\X A\p-{K-l-ambn ]cn-K-Wn-pI.
Fm, Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n-ep hnim-e-amb Adnhpw Bm-hns in-bp-amWv
Am-lp-hn-s-bpw hnizm-kn-I-fp-sS-bpa-Sp- ]cn-K-W-\o-b-amb A\p-{K-lw (ap-\m-^n-Jq:
4 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 207,218- hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I)
248. Ah-cpsS \_n Ah-tcmSp ]d-bpIbpw sNbvXp: \nbw At-l-ns
cmPm-[n-]-Xy-n-\p sXfnhv, ae-p-I hln-p-sIm-n-cn-p-, aqkm
IpSpw-_hpw lmdq IpSpw-_hpw hnt-p-t]mb ss]Xr-I--fpw, \n-fpsS
dn- \n- p imnbpw kam- [ m- \ hpw AS- nbXpamb t]SIw,
\nv Atlw sImp-hcpsa-Xm-Wv. \n hnizm-kn-If
- m-sW-n,
\nbw AXn \nv Zrm--ap-v.
aqkm \_nv Amlp \Inb ]p Iev-\-I- sImn-sh ê-Ihpw, aqkm
\_nbpsS hSnbpw sNcnpw, a, kh Fo `W ]Zm--fpsS kmn-fp-Ifpw
AS-nb t]SIw Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-Is
- f bp-n Iog-Snb Aam-en-p-I sImp
t]m-bn-cp-p. ae-p-I-fmWv AXv hln-p-Xv Fp]d--Xns hnh, B t]SIw
Aam-en-p-Iv Xpd-mt\m, AXneSn-bn-p--sX-m-sWv a\-n-em-p-hmt\m, D]tbm-K-s-Sp-phmt\m km[n-n-cp-n Fm-Wv. Atm bmsXmcp amhpwhcmsX, B
t]SIw XncnpInpI FXv hnizm-kn-Iv Hcp Zrmw Xs-bmWv. _Jd: 91,93
249. ssk\y-sf ko-I-cnv ]pd-sSmdmb-tm Xmeqv ]d-p: \nbw
Amlp Hcp \Zn-bnse shw-sImv \nsf ]co-n-p-X
- m-Wv, Atm
BcXn \nv shw IpSn-pthm Ah Fns--h-\-. BcmtWm
AXn\nv IpSn-m-XncpXv Ah Fns--h\pam-WvXs Hcp
ssIp-n-fn HXp-n-b shwam{Xw IpSn--hscm-gn-v. Fm Ahcn\np Ipdpt]scm-gnv AXn\nv IpSn-p. As\ At-lhpw
At-l-tm-sSm--ap hnizm-kn-Ifpw B \Zn hnp-I-S--tm Ah
]dp: Ct Znhkw Rv Pmeq-n-t\mSpw Ahs ssk\y-tmSpw
Gp-ap-m-\p Ignhpw in-bp-an-. \nbw Am-lp-hns\ Ip-ap-p-sav
Dd-p--h ]d-p: Am-lp-hns A\p-a-Xn-tbm-Sp-IqSn F{X-sb{X sNdnb
kwL--fmWv henb kwL-sf AXn-P-bn-n-p--Xv, Am-lp-hm-Is
am-ep--tfm-sSm--hp-am-Ipp.
A_-Jd (2)
247
ITn-\-amb NqSpw Zmlhpw A\p-`-hn-n-cp Ahv hgn-at[y tPmm \Zn apdnp

-I-St-Xp-m-bn-cp-p. AXnse sh-n\nv IpSn-msX, Zmlhpw oWhpw
klnpsImv B \Zn apdn-p-I-S-p--h bYm hnizm-kn-IfmsWpw, C\n Bscnepw Hcp ssIp-n-fn-e-S-nb shwam{Xw cpNn-p--Xn hntcm-[-an, AXn-tesd
IpSn-p--h Fns--h-c Fpw Xmeqv Ah-tcmSv ]d-n-cp-p. Fm IqSpX-em-fp-Ifpw Cw-t]mse shw IpSn-p. A-s\ shw Aw cpNn-p-Ibpw Xosc
cpNn-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNbvX hnizm-kn-Ifpw, Xmeqpw Aam-env cmPm-hmb Pmeqns\ (tKm-en-bm-v) t\cn-Sm Fn-b-tm Ah-cn\np Dd hnizmknI-f-m-h (b-tYjvTw shw IpSn-h) ]d-p: Cv Rv Pmeq-ns ]m-f-hpambn t\cn-Sm in-bn-.
_Zvdnepw DlvZn-ep-samw CXp-t]m-ep kw`-h
- Ac-t-dn-bn-p-X
- mbn ImWmw.
temIv \S-p Fm kw`-h-fpw Amlp t\cs \n-bn-n-p--Xm-Wv. Amlp-hn-t\mSv {]mnv, Am-lphn `c-tanv \ne-sIm-p--hv am{X-amWv Clnepw ]c-nepw hnPbw e`n-p-I. Ah am{X-amWv Ccw kw`-h--fn\n-smw
]mTw Dsmv Am-lp-hns amK-n ASn-bp-dv \ne-sIm-p-I. Fm Imepw
Ccw ]co--W- Dm-bn-cn-p--Xm-Wv (AI-_qv: 24 t\mp-I). A^m:
66Dw "Amlp am-ep--fpsS IqsS-bmWv' F Bi-b-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bmWv Ah-km-\np--Xv. _Jd: 155-157 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
250. As\ Pmeq-n-t\mSpw Ahs ssk\y-tmSpw Gp-ap-m-\n-d-n-b-tm
Ah {]mn-p: R-fpsS DS-a-bmb \mYm, R-fpsSta \o a
sNmcn-tb-Wt- a. R-fpsS ]mZ- \o Dd-np \np-Ibpw kXyw aqSnshp P\-X-bpsSta Rsf \o klm-bn-p-Ibpw sNt-W-ta.
ChnsS Im^n-dp-I FXv sImp hnh-, "Pmeqpw ]m-fhpw am{X-a-,
shw IpSnv ]nn-cn-p-t]mb Bfp-Ifpw bp-ap-J-p-shv ]nn-cn--hcpw DsSp-p'. DlvZv bp-n X-tav Nnd-I--hsc Biz-kn-n-p-sImv BenCwdm: 146,147 Amlp ]d-bp-p: F{X-sb{X \_n-amcpw a-m-cmb A\p-bm-bn-I-fp-amWv CXn\p
apv bpw sNbvXn-p-Xv. Ah Am-lp-hns amKn Ahsc _m[n--Xn a\an-Sn--htcm _e-lo-\X {]I-Sn-n-p--htcm Ak-Xy-ns apn Xe Ip\n-p-htcm Bbn-n-. am-ep--fmb Ah-cpsS {]m\, "R-fpsS \mYm RfpsS ]m]fpw R ]cn[n ewLnp sNbvX Imcyfpw Rv s]mdppXcn-Ibpw,
R-fpsS ]mZ- Dd-np\np-Ibpw, kXys aqSn-sh-p P\-X-bvs-Xnsc
Rsf klm-bn-p-Ibpw sNt-Wta' Fpam-bn-cp-p (_Jd: 286, Ben-Cw-dm: 147
Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). ^n-Hu hnfn-p-Iq-nb amc-Wm aqkm \_n-tbmSp a-cnp ]cmP-bs
- -Sp-Ib
- pw, Ah hnizmkw kzoI-cn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ahsc B hnizm-k
- n\nv
hyXn-N-en-n-m-\mbn ^n-Hu Hcp-s-tm Ah {]mn-p: "RfpsS \mYm,
R-fpsS ]mZ- Dd-np\np-I-bpw, Rsf \n\v kkzw kan--h-cpsS
Iq-n Ds-Sp-p-Ibpw sNt-W-ta' (AAvdm^v: 126). Ah Am-lp-hns
amKn Dd-p-\np-I-bpw c-kmnXzw hln-p-I-bp-am-Wp-m-b-Xv.
248
JpB\ns Bmhv
251. Am-lp-hns A\p-a-Xn-tbmSpIqSn As\ Ah Ahsc ]cm-P-b-s-Spn. ZmhqZv Pmeq-ns\ h[n-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. At-l-n\v Amlp
cmPm-[n-]-Xyhpw {]hm-N-I-Xzhpw \IpIbpw, Ah\pt-in--sXmw Atls ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. a\p-jy-cn Nnesc Nne-sc-smv XSn-n-m-bn-cp-p-sh-n `qan \in-p-I-Xs sNp-am-bn-cp-p. Fm,
Amlp temI-cpsSta HuZm-cy-ap--h Xs-bm-Ip-p.
ss__n-fn ]cm-ain "iwho' F \_n-bpsS ImemWv Xmeqv cmPmhns t\Xr-Xz-n hnizm-kn-I "tKmen-bmv' F t]cn-e-dn-b-s-Sp Aam-enIv
cmPm-hmb Pmeq-p-ambn Gp-ap-mt]mb-Xv. ZmhqZv \_n hgn-p-shv hnizm-kn-I-tfmsSmw tNcp-IbmWp-m-b-Xv. BPm-\p-_m-lp-hmb Pmeq-ns\ Zz-bp--n Ipdn-bh\mb ZmhqZv tXmn-p-Ibpw h[n-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. As\ Amlp cmPm-[n-]Xyhpw
{]hm-N-I-Xzhpw \Insmv B P\-Xv \_nbpw cmPm-hp-ambn Zmhq-Zns\ \nb-anv
A\p-{K-ln-p. temIv ampw \Im {]uVnbpw {]Xm-]hpw kpw \In
A\p-{K-ln kpsse-am At-l-ns ]p{X-\mWv. At-lhpw \_nbpw cmPm-hp-am-bncp-p.
P\--fn Hcp hn`m-Ks asmcp hn`m-KssImv XSv `qan-sb AXns
kp-en-Xm-h--bn \ne\np-Xv Am-lp-hns Ncy-bn s]-Xm-Wv (lv: 40
Iqnhmbn-p-I). hnizm-kn-I Jp-B-\ns Bibw apdpsInSnv temIv Fhn-sSbpw,
Bscbpw `b-s-SmsX Am-lp-hns\ am{Xw B{i-bnv \nesImp--h-cpw, Xe Dbnsmv Am-lp-hns `qan-bn Fhn-sSbpw Ncn-p--h-cp-am-Wv (apIv 22). Jp-B
Inn-bnv Xe Dbn-smv \S-msX XeIp\n-psImv ap-hsc `b-spw B{ibnpw \S-p P\X, \msf \c-I-n-tev apJw Ipn hen-n-g--s-Sphcpw, Zp\nbm-hn Ghpw tami-s m\-phcpw hgn]ng--h-cpam-Wv Fv Ckvdm-Av: 97-98
epw, ^pJm: 34epw ]d-n-p-v.. ABw 45, A{I-an-I-fmb, [nm-cn-I-fmb P\X-bpsS ASn-th-c-dpp \in-n k-tem-I--fp-sSbpw DS-a-bmb Am-lp-hn-\mWv
kkvXp-Xnbpw Fp]d-n-p-v. \qlv 2627 kq-n, \qlv \_n {]mn-p:
"Fs \mYm \o `qan-bn Im^n-dp-I-fn \np Hcm-sfbpw _mn-bm-t, \o Ahsc
_mn-bm-n-bm Ah \ns ASn-a-Isf hgn]ng-n-p-w, ^mPn-dp-I-sfbpw, Ip^v^m-dpI-sfbpw (ap-\m-^n-Jp-I-sf-bpw) AmsX Ah {]k-hn-p-I-bp-an-'. 28, F\npw
Fs amXm-]n-Xm-pw, Fs hon-ep hnizm-kn-Ipw, Fm hnizm-kn-I-fmb
]pcp-jampw kv{XoIpw \o s]mdppXcWw, A{I-an-Iv \o \mi-a-msX
hn-n-p-I-bp-a-cp-Xv Fv {]mn-Xmbn ]d-n-p-v. ^mnl: 1 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
252. CsXmw ey-tm-Sp-IqSn \n\v \mw hnh-cnp Xcp Am-lp-hns
kq--fmWv. \nbw \o Ab--s--h-cn ({]hm-N-I-m-cn) s]-h
Xs-bpamWv.
Ign-p-t]mb Imev \S-- kw`-h-sfmw {XnIm-e-m-\n-bmb Amlp \nc-c-\mb apl-Zv \_nv Pn_vco aptJ\ hni-Zo-I-cnp \IpI-bm-Wv. Ben-Cw-dm:
44-, kI-cnm, blvbm, abw, Cuk XpS-n-b-h-cpsS Ncn{Xw Hmn-n-Xn\ptijw
A_-Jd (2)
249
Amlp ]d-bp-p: AsXmw ad hrm---fmWv, \mw \n\v AXv Znhy-k-t-iambn \Ip-I-bm-Wv. Jkzkv: 44-46 Amlp ]d-bpp: aqkm-v \psS Iev]\
hn[ntm \o Xq ]-X-ns ]Sn-mdv `mK-p-m-bn-cp-n-tm, \o AXn\v
kmn-Ifn s]-h-\p-am-bn-cp-n--tm. Fm Cu Jp-B \ns \mY-\n \np
Imcp-Wy-am-Ip-p, \n\v apv Xmo-Xp-Im-cmcpw hcmsmcp P\-Xsb CXp-sImv \o
ap-dn-bnv \Ip--Xn-\p-th-nbpw, Ah lrZ-bw-sImv kvacn-p--Xn\pthnbpw.
^mXzn: 14-mw kqw Ah-km-\n-p-Xv C-s\-bm-Wv, "Fmw hebwsNbvX {XnIme-m-\n-bmb (Hcp J_o-dmb) Hcp-h-\-msX \ntmSv Ccw hrm--w ]d-p-X-cnIbn'. Amlp a\p-jy-cn\npw ae-p-I-fn\npw ZqX-msc sXc--Sppsav
lv: 75- ]d-n-p-v. apl-Zv (k) \_n-am-cnepw dkq-ep-am-cnepw Ay-\msWv
Alvkm_v: 40 ]d-n-p-v. apl--Zv \_nsb k temIpw A\p-{K-l-am-bn-msX \ntbm-Kn-n-n Fv An-bm-Av: 107epw, apl--Zv \_nsb samw a\p-jy-cnte-v {]hm-N-I-\m-bn-msX Ab-n-n Fv k_-Av: 28-epw AAv-dm^v: 158epw ]dn-p-v (lqZv: 17, bmko: 3 Iqn-hm-bn-pI). _Jd: 119,146147 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
253. AsX-m-amWv {]hm-N-I-m. Ah-cn Nnesc Nne-tc-m \mw t{icmn-bn-p-v. Ah-cn Amlp kwkm-cn--h-cp-ap-v. Ah-cn Nne-cpsS ]Zhn-I Dbp-Ibpw sNbvXn-p-v. ab-ans ]p{X Cukmv hyamb Zrm-
- \mw \Ip-Ibpw At-ls \mw ]cn-ip-m-m-hp-sImv
in-s-Sp-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Amlp Dt-in-n-cp-p-sh-n B {]hm-NI-mp tijhpw hy-amb sXfn-hp-I hp-In-n-b-Xn\p tijhpw
Ah ]c-kv]cw s]mcp-Xp-am-bn-cp-n-. Fm Ah `nn-p. Atm
Ah-cn hnizm-kn-hcpv, Ah-cn \ntj[nhcp-ap-v. Fm Amlp
Dt-in-n-cp-p-sh-n Ah ]c-k]
v cw t]mc-Snv h[n-p-am-bn-cp-n-. ]t,
Amlp Ah Dtin-p-Xv {]hn-pIXs sNpw.
a-bnshv CXn\papv Ah-X-cn-n-p kqdpI-fn {]hm-N-I-m-cpsS Ncn{Xw
hnh-cn-n-p-X
- n-\m-emWv ChnsS AsX-m-amIpp {]hm-NI
-
- m Fp-]d
-
Xv. apAvan:
78-, \n\papv, Ncn{Xw hnh-cnpXn-p-Xpw hnh-cnpXcm--Xp-amb {]hm-N-Iamsc \ntbm-Kn-n-p-spw, Hcp {]hm-N-I\pw Am-lp-hns thpIIqSmsX Hcp Zrmhpw sImp-h-cm km[y-a-spw ]d-n-p-v. \nkm-Av: 164, CXn\papv \n\v
Ncn-{X- hni-Zo-I-cnpX {]hm-N-Iam-cp-ap-v, CXn\papp \n\v Ncn-{X- hnhcnpXcm {]hm-N-Iam-cpap-v. aqkm-tbmSv Amlp kwkm-cn-pIXs sNbvXp
Fpw ]d-n-p-v. (A-Avdm^v: 143 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). \_n (k) {]mn-n-cp Cu
{]m\ hnizm-kn-I Znh-k-ns XpS--n {]tXyIw {]mn-tXm-Wv.
(Pn_vco-en-sbpw, aoIm-Cu-en-sbpw, Ckvdm-ô-en-sbpw, AkvdmCuu-en-sbpw
DS-a-bmb \mYm, BIm-i-`q-an-Isf hncn-n-p-m-n-b-h-t\, Zriy-fpw AZr-iy-fpw Adnbp GIt\, R-fp-sS DS-abpw Fm hkvXp--fp-sS DS-abpw AhbpsS B[n-]Xyw
ssIImcyw sNp--h-\p-amb ]cn-ip--\mb \mYm, GsXmw hkvXp--fpsS \nb-{Ww
\ns In- e mtWm Ah- b psS Xnsbsmv \ntmSv R A`bw tXSp- p.
hn[nZnhkw \ns krn-In-S-bn, Ah `nn Imcy-n \o Xocp-am\w In-
250
JpB\ns Bmhv
p--Xm-Wv. P\- `nn hnj-b-n \o \ns thp-I-tbm-Sp-IqSn Rsf

kmKn-tev \bn-t-W-ta, \nbw \obmsX kmK-n-tev \bn-p-h
\n-Xs)
BXy-n-I-ambn a\p-jycn hnizm-kn-I, \ntj-[n-I Fo cv kwL-
am{Xtabp-q. CXn apAvan\mb Am-lp-hns (liv: 23) kwL-n s]Sm
hscmw Im^n-dmb ]nim-Nns (_Jd: 34, kzmZv: 74) kwL-n s]-h-cpam-Wv. kzX{-cmbn krns a\p-jy-cn Am-lp-hn\pthn am{Xw, Ahs {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmbn
Pohn-p--h-cmWv Am-lp-hns kwL-m. Am--h-scmw ]nim-Nn\pthn Pohnp--hcpw, ]nim-Nns kwL-m-cp-am-Wv. Ah-\mWv \n-sf-sb-m-h-scbpw krn--Xv.
Atm \n-fn Im^n-dp--v, \n-fn hnizm-knbpapv, \n {]hn-p--sXmw
Amlp hon-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p Fv XKm-_p: 2 ]-d-n-p-v. dAvZv: 27-,
FmWv Am-lp-hn\nv \_nsmcp Znhym-pXw Cd-m--sX \ntj-[n-I-fpsS
tNmZy-n\v adp-]-Sn-bmbn Amlp ]d-bm Iev]n-pp: Amlp Ah-\p-t-in-phsc
hgn-tI-Sn-em-p-p, Ah-\n-tev Xncnv Ah-t\mSv tNmZn-p--hs\ kamK-n-epam-p-p. "Amlp Ah-\p-t-in-p-Xv {]hn-pp' Fp-]-d-XpsImp
hnh, \njv]
- h
- m\mb Amlp Hcm-sfbpw kzK-n-te-tm \c-I
- n-tetm Bpn-, Fm-Im-cy-fpw hni-Zo-I-cn-np Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n\nv Am-lp-hns\
bpw ]nim-Nn-s\bpw Xncn--dnbpIbpw, Am-lp-hns amKw kzoI-cn-p-Ibpw sNbvXhsc
kzKn-tepw ]nim-Nns amKw kzoI-cn--hsc \c-In-te-p-am-pp F-XmWv.
AmsX Hcp {]tXyI hn`mKs kzK-n-tetm \c-I-n-tetm Bpp F.
Atm hnizmknI Ah-ch
- sc Xncn-d
- n-bp-Ibpw Pohn-Xe
- yw Xncn-d
- n-bpIbpw sNbvXv
ChnsS kzKw]Wn-bp-h-cpw, ]nim-Nns {]h-\--fmb \io-I-cW{]h-\fn\nv hnp-\np--h-cp-am-Wv. Ah acnp-tm Am-lp-hns\ ktm-jtm-Sp-IqSn lrZ-bw-sImv t\mnsImv Ahs hoSmb kam-[m-\-tK-l-n-tev Xncnp-t]m-Ip--Xm-Wv. Am--h ZpxJ-tm-Sp-IqSn ]nim-Nns\ t\mn-smv ]nim-Nns
hoSmb \c-IpWvTntepw Xncnp-t]m-Ip-XmWv. _Jd: 2728,213 kq--fpsS
254. Hm kXy-hn-izm-kn-I-tf, {Ib-hn-{I-b- \S-m-Xpw kmtlm-Z-cy-_- {]tbm-P-\-s-Sm-Xpw, Hcp Xc-n-ep ip]mi-bpw ên-m--Xpamb Hcp Znhkw hs-p--Xn\papv \mw \nv \In-bn-p A\p{K-l-fn\nv \n sNe-h-gn-p-hn. As\ sNm- Im^n-dpI
Xs-bmWv A{I-an-I.
Pohn-X-eyw a\-n-em-n-b- hnizm-kn-I, Ahv {kmhv \Inb A\p-{K-l {km-hns Xr]vXn-bn Ahs krn-IfpsS Pohn-X-`mcw Cd-n-sh-m klmbn-p hn[-n, {Inbm--I-ambn hn\n-tbm-Knv ChnsS kzKw ]Wn-bp--Xm-Wv.
AXmbXv ]narKmZnIp `-W-w Dm-p-Xn-\p-thn Amlp Cd-n-h-cnI-bn- Fv a\-n-emnsImv Ahs {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmb hnizm-kn-I ChnsS ]ghK-fpw Imbv-\nIfpw apapm-Ip hr- \p-]n-Sn-npw Irjn sNbvXpw
Ah-p--XpIqSn DXv]m-Zn-n-p--Xm-Wv.
A_-Jd (2)
251
sImSp-epw hmepw \S-m, kmtlm-Z-cy-_w D]-Im-c-s-Sm, ip]mi

Hpw \S-m Zn\w-sImv Dt-in-p-Xv Hmtcm-cp--cp-sS-bpw ac-W-am-Wv. samw
a\p-jyscpdnv ]d-bp-tm hn[n Znh-k-hp-am-Wv. kq-n a\p-jytc FphnfnmsX hnizm-kn-Itf Fphnfn--Xp-sImv Jp-B Inn-bnv AXns Ccw \nti- ]men-mhcmWv Im^ndpw fzmenapw Fpw, Ah apkvenw-If
- n\nv am{XamWv
Fpw hy-am-Wv. ap\m-^n-Jq: 9 hnizm-kn-I-tf, Jp-B\ns Bi-bssXmv
\n-fpsS ktm km-\-tfm \nsf XS-b-cp-sX-pw, As\ Bsc-nepw
{]hn-m Aq- Xs-bmWv Fmw \jvS-s--h-scpw, 10-, \n-fn Hcmv
acWw Bk--am-Ip--Xn\p apv \mw \nv \In-bn-p--Xn\nv sNe-h-gn-p-I.
As\ {]hnm--h ]d-bpw: Fs \mYm, Fs Hcp\nanjw ]nn-n-p-I,
Rm JpBs\ kXy-s-Sp-p-Ibpw k-\--fn Ds-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp-sIm-mw,
11, Hcm-m-hn\pw AXns \n-bn Ah-[n-sb-n-I-gn-m ]ns Amlp ]nnn-p-I-bn-. AmlphmI-s, \n {]hn-p-sXmwXs t\cs \n-bnv hebw sNbvX-h\mIp-p Fpw ]d-n-pv.
bq\pkv: 85, 86, hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv Cs\ {]mn-p-hm In-n-p-Xv {inp-Ibpw ]n]-p-Ibpw sNp-I. R--fpsS \mYm, A{I-an-I-fmb P\-v Rsf
\o ]co--W-n\v hnt[-b-am--t, \ns al-mb ImcpWywsImv Im^n-dp-I-fmb
P\--fn\nv Rsf \o c-s-Sp-t-W-ta. Ghpw almb ImcpWyw Jp-B\ns Bi-b-am-Wv. apwX-ln\: 5 Cs\ {]mn-m Amlp In-n-p-v,
R-fpsS \mYm, Rsf \o kXy-\n-tj-[n-I-fmb hn`m-K-v ]co--W-n\v hnt[b-am--cp-tX, Rv \o s]mdppXtc-W-ta, R-fpsS \mYm, \nbw \o AP-\mb k-{]-Xm-]n-bpw, bpn--\mb k--\p-a-tm. bq\p-kv: 17- Amlp ]dbpp: Am-lp-hn-s-ta Iw-sI-n-a
- p ]d-bp-h
- t- \-m As-n Ahs kq Xn--d-bp--h-t\-m Ghpwhenb A{Ian Bcm-Wp-Xv? \nbw, Ccw
{`mam hnPbw hcn-p-I-bnXs. ChnsS Jp-B\ns Bibw hf-smSnv kzbw
]n]-m-sX, P\-Xv ]Tn-n-m ap\m-^n-Jp-I-fpw, Ahsc ]n]-p (Jp-B
Bibw ]Tn-m {ian-m-) km[m-c-W-mcp-am-Wv A{I-an-Ifpw {`mam-cpw. ABw: 21 kam\m-i-b-ap kq-am-Wv.
Amlp Cd-nb JpBsImv hyn-Po-hn-X-nepw, IpSpw-_-Po-hn-X-n-epw,
kaq-lP
- o-hn-X
- nepw hn[nIevn-m-h
- Xs-bmWv \ntj[nI-sfpw A{IanI-sfpw
sXmSnI-sfpw bYm-{Iaw amCZ: 44,45,47- ]d-n-p-v. k_-Av: 31, kpa: 32, liv:
16-17 XpS-nb kq--fnsemw Im^ndpw fmenapw Jp-B aqSn-sh-p--h-cpw JpB-\n\nv AI--h-cp-am-sWp ImWmw. Im^n-dp-I Jp-B Inn-bnv AXv aqSn-shp--h Xsbm-sWv a\-n-em-m BenCwdm: 10, An-km-Av: 150,151, A-Avdm^v: 50,51, Ilv^v: 100,101, AI-_qv: 47, kpa: 59, 71, ^pzn-ev: 26-29, apIv: 611
-XpS-nb kq- t\mp-I. Cu kqn-\p-]p-dsa _Jd: 258, Ben-Cw-dm: 86,151,
An-km-Av: 168, amCZ: 72, AAvdm^v: 37, C_vdmlow: 13,34, CkvdmAv: 99, Ilv^v: 29,
kpa: 32, AI-_qv: 68, An-bm-Av: 97, k_-Av: 31, AlvJm^v: 10 XpS-nb 16 kq-fpw Htc kq-nXs Im^n-dn-s\bpw fzmen-an-s\bpw ]cm-ain-n-ph-bm-Wv.
_Jd: 253-254 kq--fn XpS-bmbn Im^n-dn-s\bpw fzmen-an-s\bpw ]cm-ain-n-cn-
252
JpB\ns Bmhv
p-p. CXn-\p-]p-dsa Ben-Cw-dm: 56-57, 116-117, 140141, 149-150, An-km-Av: 167-168,

amCZ: 44-45, 72-73, ABw: 129-130, AAvdm^v: 44-45, A^m: 55-56, bq\pkv: 85-86,
lqZv: 18-19, 67-68, C_vdmlow: 27-28, \lv: 2728, 84-85, Ilv^v: 37-38, An-bm-Av: 2930,
lv: 44-45, 71-72, ^pJm: 26-27, \wev: 43-44, AI-_qv: 46-47, 67-68, Adqw: 89,
^mXzn 36-37, 39-40, liv: 16-17, kz^v^v: 78, \qlv: 27-28 XpS-nb apXv efnepw XpS-bmbn hcp kq--fn Im^n-dn-s\bpw fzmen-an-s\bpw ]cm-ain-npv. ^mnl: 7, _Jd: 39,176 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mpI.
255. Amlp, Ah-\-msX Cemln. Ah Fspw \ne-\np--h\pw
ap--hsb \ne-\np--h-\p-am-Ip-p. ab-tam Dd-tam Ahs\ ]nSnIq-Sp-I-bn-. BIm-i--fnep Fm Hpw `qan-bn-ep Fm Hpw Ah\p--Xm-Wv. Ah-s-b-Sp- Ahs kXw IqSmsX ip]mi sNp-Xn\v (ss[cysSp-h-) Bcp-v? Ah-cpsS apnep Fm Hpw AhcpsS ]nnep Fm Hpw Ah-\-dn-bp-p. Amlp \Inb Adnhn\nv Ah Dt-in--X-msX HpwXs Dsm-m Bpw
km[y-a-. Ahs knwlm-k\w BIm-i--fnepw `qan-bnepw hnim-e-ambn
hym]np InS-p-I-bm-Wv. Ah- cn-sbpw kwc-Ww Ahs\ Hpw
oWn-n-p--X-. Ah AXyp--X\mb alXzap-S-bh Xs-b-tm.
"Bb-p Ipknv' F-dn-b-s-Sp Jp-B-\nse Ghpw al-mb kq-amWnXv. AY-hm, CXns Bibw samw Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-amWv Fv kmcw. Av
t\cs ^fv \a-kvIm-c-n\ptijhpw Dd-m InS-p-tmgpw Cu kqw "hnZv'
Bbn \_n {]mn-n-cp-p. Jp-B-\n\np {]m\m kq-mWv hnZv
Fp]d-bp-Xv. \a-kvIm-c-n\ptijw Bb-p Ipknv HmXp-hm [rXn ImWnp--h acn-t Xmakw kzKn {]th-in-p-sav \_n(-k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v.
Cem-lv : ImWmsXIv Bsc hnfn-m-tam, BtcmSv klmbw tXSm-tam, Bsc
`b-s-Sm-tam, Bcn `c-tan-mtam Ah-\mWv Cem-lv. Ah-s apn- am{X-amWv
Pohn-X-s-p-dnv Dcw ]d-tb-Xpw, Ah Amlp am{X-am-Ip-p. lv : BZyhpw
Ay-hp-an-m kzbw \ne-\np--h Fpw Jqw : ap--hsbsbmw krnv
\ne\np--h Fp-amWv Bi-bw.
Ah\v Dd-tam ab-tam Hcn-epw ]nSn-s]Sp-n-. ap-h Dd-p-tmgpw abptm-gp-samw Dd-msX, ab-msX Fmw ]Xn-bn-cpv kZm honpsIm-ncn-ph-\mWv Ah. BIm-i--fnepw `qan-bnepw Ah-bvn-S-bn-ep-ap Fm Hpw Ah-\pm-n-bXpw Ah kwhn-[m-\n-Xpw Ah \ne-\np-Xpw Ahs DS-am-[n-Im-cnep--Xp-am-Wv.
kpa: 44 ]d-bpI \_n-tb, ip-]mi apgp-h\pw Am-lp-hns ]-em-Wv Fp]dn-p-v. Jp-BsImv kmyw-h-ln-p--h-pw AXns Bibw Adn-bp-hp-a-m-sX, Am-lp-hn-s\-qSmsX Ah hnfnv {]mn-p- Bpw-Xs
bmsXmcp ip]mipw A[n-Im-canXs Fv kpKvdp^v: 86-epw ]d-n-p-v. Ahs-b-Sp- Ahs kXwIqSmsX ip]mi sNm ss[cy-s-Sp--h Bcp-an-.
A_-Jd (2)
253
AXm-bXv krn-Iv Am-lp-hn-s-b-Sp- Ahs kXwIqSmsX kwkm-cn-mt\m

ip]mi sNmt\m A[n-I-c-an, Fm Jp-B Am-lp-hnsXs Iem-am-b-Xn\m AXv Am-lp-hn-t\mSv kXwIqSmsX t\cnpXs ip]mi sNp-Ibpw hmZnp-Ibpw sNpw. AXmWv \_n(-k) ]Tn-n--Xv:
\n- Jp-B hmbn-p-I. \nbw AXv Jnbm-ap\mfn AXns kl-hmkn-Iv ip]mi-I-\mbn hcp--Xm-Wv) Fm Jzndm-Av (hm-b-\) lrZ-bw _s-Sp-tm am{Xsa ]mSpq Fpw \_n(-k) ]Tn-n-n-pv. ImcWw, Jp-B \n\v
A\p-Iq-e-ambn hmZn-p-Ibpw kmyw hln-p-Ibpw sNpw As-n \n\-s-Xn-cmbnpw.
"Ah-cpsS apn-ep Hpw ]nn-ep- Hpw Ah-\-dn-bpp' F kq-`mKw
Chn-sS-q-SmsX lv: 76, An-bm-Av: 28, Xzmlm: 110 Fo kq-f
- n-ep-apv. Rv
XmfpsS \mYs k-X-{]-Im-c-a-msX Cd-n-h-cm km[n-p-I-bn, R-fpsS apnep-Xpw R-fpsS ]nn-ep-Xpw cn-\panS-bn-ep-Xpsamw Ah-pXmWv. XmfpsS \mY-\m-h-s, Hpw-Xs hnkva-cn-p--h-\p-a- Fv Pn_vco \_n (k)-tbmSv ]d-Xmbn adnbw: 64- ]d-n-p-v. Hmtcm krn-bpsSbpw CXp-h-sc-bp Ah-sb-m-sW-pw, Ah FmWv km-Zn--sXpw, `mhn-bn Ah-cpsS Ah--sb-mbncnpsa-pw, Ah FmWv km-Zn-p-I-sbpw Adn-bp {XnIm-e-m-\n-bmb
kqva-m-\n-bmWv Amlp Fm-Wv CXns hnh. Ah-\n\nv Fhn-sSbpw
Hpw adp\np-n- (BenCwdm: 5, C_vdm-low: 38, Jm^v: 4). BImi `qan-Ifn \S-p Fm Imcy-fpw BZyta tcJ-s-S-n-sh-np-sv lv: 70, k_-Av:
3, lZoZv: 22-, A-Km-_p: 11 Fo kq--fnsemw ]d-np-v. AZr-iy--fpsS
Xmtm-ep-I Ahs ]- Xs-bm-Ip-p. Ah-\
- msX Bcpw AX-dn-bp-n-. Ah
Ic-bn-ep-w IS-en-ep-ap Fmw Adn-bp-p. Ah-\-dn-bmsX Hcp Ce sImgn-bp-n-, Ahs
Adn-hn s]SmsX `qan-bpsS Ccp-- aq-Sp-]-S-fn Hcp [m\y-a-Wn-bp-an-, Hcp hyamb {K-n tcJ-s-Sp-msX ]tbm DW-n-b-tXm Bb HpwXsbn Fv
ABw: 59 ]d-n-pv (bq\pkv: 61, lqZv: 57, epJvam: 16 Iqn-hm-bn-pI). Ah
\Inb Ahs Adn-hn\nv Ah Dt-in--X-m Hpw Dsm-m Bpw
Ign-bn. Xzmlm: 110 CtX Bi-b-n-ep kq-am-Wv. AXp-sImv Xzmlm: 114-
Amlp \_n-tbmSpw hnizm-kn-I-tfmSpw Cs\ {]mn-p-hm Iev]n-p-p. Fs
\mYm, F\nv \o Adnhv hn-nv Xtc-W-ta.
(Am-lp-th, \o Rsf ]Tn-n-Xv Rv D]-Im-c-s-Sp-t-W-ta, Rv
D]-Im-c-{]-Z-am-bXv ]Tn-n-t-W-ta, D]-Im-c-s Adnhv Rv hn-np Xtc-W-ta,
\c-I-ns Ah--bn-e-m--tm-sgmw Am-lp-hn\mWv kvXpXn) -Fpw \_n(-k)
{]mn-n-cp-p.
Ahs knwlm-k\w BIm-i`qan-If
- n-semw hnim-ea
- mbn- hym]n-p-In-S
- pp Fp
]d- - X ns hnh- , "BImi `qan- I - f nse- mbnSpw Ahs B[n- ] XyamWv
\ne\npXv' Fm-Wv. BIm-i-`q-an-I-fn-ep Ccn-n-S--sfmw Ah-\p--XmWv Fv
kpa: 63-epw Aqd: 12-epw ]d--Xns hnh-bpw AXp-X-s-bm-Wv. BImi `qan-IfpsS B[n-]Xyw \ne-\np--Xn-\v Ah\v Bcp-sSbpw klmbw Bh-iy-an-. Ah
254
JpB\ns Bmhv
AXns t]cn oWn-X-\m-Ip-p-an-. Amlp D]-atbm DZm-l-cWtam Cm-- AP\pw AXp-ey\pw Fm-h-cmepw B{i-bn-p--h\pw Fm Ah\v Bcp-sSbpw B{ibw
thm--h\pw Fmw ASn `cn-p km-[n-]\pw GIm-[n-]\pw tkzOm-[n-]-\p-am
Wv. Npcp--n, Jp-B Ah-X-cn-n-Xv Am-lp-hns\ ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-p-hm-\m-sWn Cu kqw atXv kq-s-mfpw B ZuXyw \n-ln-p--Xmbn ImWmw.
Fm Bi-b-an-msX Cu kqw ]mcm-bWw sNpIbpw AXns Bi-b-n\v
hncp- - a mbn Fm Xn- b nepw apgpIn Pohn- p- I bpw sNp hnizm- k n- I fm
apkvenv Cu kq-sa--, samw Jp-BXs FXn-cmbn hmZn-p-Ibpw
kmywhln-p-Ibpw sNp--Xm-Wv. ^mnl: 3,4, _Jd: 234 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
256. Zo\n \n_--an-. \nbw kmKw ZpamK-n\nv hy-ambn
thXn-cnp Ign-n-p-v. AXp-sImv h-h\pw XzmKzq-ns\ \ntj[n-p-Ibpw Am-lp-hns\smv hniz-kn-p-IbpamsW-n \nbw
Ah s]mntm-Im _en-jvTa
- mb ]mi-s-bmWv apdpsI ]nSn-n-p-Xv.
Amlp Fmw tIp-- k-m-\n-bpa-tm.
bq\pkv: 99-, \ns dv Dt-in-n-cp-p-sh-n ({]hm-NIm) `qan-bn-ep Fmhcpw hniz-kn-p-am-bn-cp-p. Atm a\p-jy Fm-hcpw hnizm-kn-I-fm-Im \o \n_n-p-I-bm-tWm, AYhm a\p-jy hnizm-kn-I-fm-Im--Xn\v Ahsc shdp-p-I-bmtWm?
Fp tNmZn-p-Ibpw, 100-, Am-lp-hns thpIIqSm-sX Hcp Bmhn\pw hnizmkn-bm-Im km[y-a Fp]d-bpIbpw sN-bvXnp-v. Jp-B Ah-X-cnp ]qn-bmb-tXm-Sp-IqSn kmKhpw ZpamKhpw hy-ambn Ign-n-p-v. kmKhpw ZpamKhpw
Xncn--dn-bm-\p Dc--mWv (^pJm-) Jp-B-\ns Bi-bw. AXp-X-s-bmWv a\pjyv samw Dm-gvN-Zm-b-I-amb _kzm-C-dpw, s]mn-tm-Im Ib-dpw. BenCwdm:
103- \n-sf-m-hcpw Am-lp-hns ]mis apdpsInSn-p HmhpI, \n `nn-cpXv Fp]dnSs ]mihpw Jp-B Xs-bm-Wv. lv: 78-epw BenCwdm:
101-epw Am-lp-hns\ apdpsInSn-pI Fp]d--Xns s]mcp samw Jp-B\ns Bibw apdpsInSn-pI Fm-Wv. lqZv: 118, 119 \ns dns ImcpWyw e`n-h-scm-gnsI `nnv \np-I-bn Fv ]dnSs ImcpWyw Jp-B Xs-bm-Wv
(kPZ: 13 Iqnhmbn-p-I). Atm Jp-B ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-p Am-lp-hnt\mSv,
Ah-c-hsc apgp-h\pw kan-p-sImv Rm ASn-a-bmWv, \o am{X-amWv DSa Fs \o
\-s-Sp--cpXv Fp]d-psImv kmKw Hmtcm-cp-cpw lrZ-bw-sImv tNmZnp
hmWw. AmsX Hcp krnpw asmcp krnsb (AXv kr-n-h-cy-\mb apl-Zv
\_n-bm-sW-nepwicn) hnizm-k-n-tetm kmK-n-tetm sImp-h-cm km[y
a.
epJvam: 22 Amlp ]d-bp-p: BcmtWm kkzw Am-lp-hn\p kan-v,
Ahs\ Ip-sImv Ncn-p--Xv, Atm Ah s]mn-t]m-Im _en-jvT-amb Hcp
Ib-dnta XsbmWv ]nSn-n-cn-p--Xv. Fm-Im-cy-fpw Am-lp-hn-te-mWv aS-s-Sp--Xv. kzK-n\nv `qan-bn-tev \on-bn-n-cn-p s]mn-tm-Im _e-ap
Ib-dmWv Jp-B-, AXp-sImv \n B Jp-B-\ns\ apn \S--Ww. AXv
Dh-en-bpI Am-lp-hn-te-m-Wv. AXns\ ]nn-em--cp-Xv, AXns\ ]nn-em-p--
A_-Jd (2)
255
hsc AXv \c-I-n-tev Xn-hn-Sp--XpamWv Fv \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. _Jd:

257. Amlp hnizm-kn-I-fpsS cm-[n-Im-cn-bmWv, Ah Ahsc A-Im-c-fn\nv {]Im-i-n-tev ]pd-s-Sp-hnnp-p. \ntj-[n-I-fm-hs, AhcpsS cm-[n-Im-cn-I
- XzmKq-p-IfpamWv. Ahsc Ah {]Im-i
- n\nv
A-Im-c--fn-tev ]pd-s-Sp-hn-np-p. Aq- \c-I-hm-kn-Ifpw
AhcXn \nXy-hm-kn-I-fp-am-Ip-p.
C_vdmlnw: 1, \mw \nntev Ah-X-cn-n-n-p Cu {K-wsImv Ah-c-hcpsS \mYs CwKn-X-tm-Sp-IqSn a\p-jysc \o Ccp-pIfn\nv {]Im-i-ntevA-P\pw kzbw kvXpXyl-\p-ambhs hgn-bn-tev-- ]pd-s-Sp-hn-pI Fp]-d-n-p-v.
a\p-jysc samw A-Im-c--fn\nv (]n-im-Nns amK--fn\nv) {]Im-i-ntev (A-m-lp-hn-te-v) \bnm\mWn-Xv. Amlp BIm-i-`q-an-I-fpsS {]Im-i-am-sWv
Aq: 35 ]d-n-pv. Jp-B-\ns amKw H-amK-am-Wv. Jp-B-\m-Wv "\q' ({]Im-iw) Fv An-km-Av: 174175, amCZ: 1516, AAv-dm^v: 157, Aqd: 52, AKm-_p:
8 Fo kq--fn-semw ImWmw. A-Imcw _lp-h-N-\-nepw {]Imiw GI-h-N\-n-ep-amWv ]d-n-p-Xv F-Xn-\m Amlp Xr]vXn-s amKw H amK-amsWpw, ]nim-Nns amKw hnhn-[- amK-f
- m-sWpw a\-n-em-mw. B amKfntev
\bn-p--h-sc-bmWv "XzmKqv' Fp]d-bp--Xv. Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n\nv a\pjysc XSbp Fm t{]c-W-Ifpw in-Ifpw kwL-S-\-Ifpw XzmKzq-n Ds-Sp-Xm-Wv. Rms\ `mhw, tZtl-, kzm-X, kzP\]-]mXw, tZio-b-X, hwio-b-X,
hKo-b-X, kmap-Zm-bn-I-Xzw XpS-nb shp-]p-epI, `qcn-]--ns amKamb ImIm-c-W-h-m-cpsS hgnI ]n]-pI, Am-lp-hns Xr]vXnv hncp--ambn amXm-hn-s\,
]nXm-hn-s\, CW-I-sf, a-sf ap IpSpw-_mw-K-sf, ]WvUn-Xamsc A\p-k-cn-pI
XpS-nbsXmw XzmKq-ns\ A\pkcn-em-Wv. Fm Hmtcm Bbn-c-nepw sXmmbn-cn sXmq-n-sbm]Xv XzmKq-ns amK-amWv ]n]-p-I. Bbnc-n Hmb
hnizm-kn-I Jp-B apdpsInSn-psImv Am-lp-hns {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmbn Am-lphn\p-thn Pohnp-h-cm-Wv. Ah Fm-bvtmgpw "Amlv'F kvacW \ne-\np-h-cp-am-Wv. A^m: 19-, \nbw Amlp hnizm-kn-I-tfm-sSm--am-sWv ]d-np-v. 24- hnizm-kn-Isf hnfnv Amlp ]d-bpp: hnizm-kn-I-tf, \n Adn-ncnp-I, \nbw Amlp \n-fp-sSbpw lrZ-b-n-s-bp-an-S-bn-em-Wp-Xv (ap-Pm-Ze: 22
Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
(A-m-lpth, Rsf \o kzK-n-te-p Bbn-c-n Hns hgn-bn
DsSptW- t a, Rsf \o \c- I - n- t e- p sXmm- b n- c n sXmq- nsbm]Xns hgn-bn Ds-Sp--cp-tX). Ben-Cw-dm: 68, A-Bw: 14, bq\p-kv: 62-63,
Aqd: 9,28, Pmknb: 19 Iqn-hm-bn-pI. (_Jd: 111,152,213 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I).
258. C_vdmloant\mSv Xs dns Imcyn Xn-h-\n-tev \ns {i
Xncn-pthm ({]hm-N-Im)Amlp Ah\v cmPm-[n-Imcw \In F ImcW-m. C_vdmlow ]d k`w Hmt-Xm-Wv, Pohn-n-p-Ibpw
256
JpB\ns Bmhv
acn-n-p-Ibpw sNp--h-\mWv Fs dv. Ah ]d-p: Rm Pohn-np-Ibpw acn-n-p-Ibpw sNp-p-h-tm. C_vdmlow ]d-p: Atm
\nbw Am-lp- kqcys\ Ing-p-\nv sImp-hc
- p-p, Fm \o AXns\
]Sn-m-dp-\nv sImp-h-cn-I. \ntj-[n--h\v Dcw apn. Amlp Ccw
A{I-an-I-fmb Hcp P\-Xsb kmKntev \bnp-I-bn-.
C_vdmlow \_n _nw_m-cm-[-I-cmb Xs ]nXm-hn-s\bpw P\--sfbpw Am-lphn-tev Wnp. Fm Ahcn Bcpw-Xs C_vdm-lo-ans {]t_m-[\w ]n]p-hmt\m Am-lp-hn hniz-kn-p-hmt\m Xm-dm-bn-. P\--sfmw D-h-n\pt]mb
Hch-k-c-n Atlw Ah-cpsS _nw_--sf Hsm-gnsI apgp-h Xp-S-p. Xncn-ph
P\- Ah-cpsS ssZh--fmb _nw_-v h ZpKXn I-tm `c-Wm-[n-Im-cnbmb \wdq-Zns\ hnh-c-a-dn-bn-p. XpSv \wdqZv C_vdmlnw \_nsb hnfnv hnNm-cW
\S-p- cwKamWnXv: A; C_vdmlnw, \ns ]nXm-hn-sbpw R-fp-sSbpw d-msX
\ns Cu dv GXm-Wv? C_vdm-lnw ]d-p: Pohn-n-p-Ibpw acn-n-p-Ibpw sNp-h-\mWv Fs dv. Atm \wdqZv Pbn-en\n-p cmsf sImp-h-cn-Ibpw Hcmsf
h[n-m\pw, a-hs\ hn-b-m\pw hn[n-psImv ]d-p: Rm\pw Pohn-n-p-Ibpw acnn-p-Ibpw sNp-p--tm. C_vdmlow ]d-p: Fs dv kqcys\ Ing-p-\nv DZnn-p-p. Fm \o AXns\ ]Sn-m-dp-\nv DZn-n-p-I. Atm \ntj-[nv Dcw
apn. Fm Ah Hcp Xop-WvTw ]WnXv AXn C_vdm-ln-ans\ Icn-psImm
Xocp-am\n-p (A-I_qv: 24) Xop-WvTw ]Wn-bp--Xp-hsc At-ls Pbn-en
shp-I-bp-am-Wp-m-b-Xv (An-bm-Av: 5270 t\mp-I).
Jnbm-a-p\m-fns {][m-\-s ]v AS-bm-f--fn-sem-mbn, kqcys\ ]Sn-mdp-\nv Amlp DZn-np-sa-v Cu kqw kqN\ \Ip-p. BenCw-dm: 86, Xu_:
19,109, PpapA: 5, kz^v^v: 7 XpS-nb kq--fpw Amlp A{I-an-I-fmb P\-Xsb
kamKn-tep \bn-p-I-bn F Bi-bnemWv Ah-km-\n-p--Xv. Jp-B
Inn-bnv AXns\ D]-tbm-Kn-m--h-cpw, aqSn-sh--h-cp-amWv A{I-an-I-sfv amCZ: 45,
A-Bw: 21, AAvdm^v: 40-41, Ilv^v: 57, kPZ: 22 XpS--nb kq--fnepw ]d-n-p
v. A{I-an-I-fmb P\-X-b-msX \in-n--s-Sp-I-bn-sv A-Bw: 47 ]d-n-p
v. _Jd: 254 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
259. As-n tap-c-I-tfmsS XISn Hcp \mn-eqsS k-cn-m-\n-Sbmb asm-cp-h\
- n-tev (\ns {i Xncn-pthm {]hm-NI
- m), Ah tNmZnp: Cs\ \in-p-I-gn \mSns\ Amlp F-s\-bmWv hopw Pohnn-p-I? Atm \qdp-hj-tv Amlp Ahs\ acn-n-p. ]noSv
Ahs\ ]p\o-hn-n-nv tNmZn-p: \o F{X\m Ign-p-Iq-n, Ah ]dp: Rm Hcp Znh-k-tam, AX-s-n Hcp Znh-k-ns `mKtam am{XamWv Ignp Iqn-b-Xv. Amlp ]d-p: A; \o \qdp hjw Ign-p-Iq-nbn-p-v. Atm \o \ns `-W-n-tepw ]m\o-b-n-tepw t\mpI. AXn\v bmsXmcp amhpw hn-n-. AtXm-sSmw \o \ns Igp-X-bntepw t\mpI. \ns \mw a\p-jyv Hcp Zrm--am-p--Xn\p thnbm-Wn-Xv. Fp-If
- n-tev \o t\mp-IFn-s\-bmWv Ahsb \mw ]p\L-
A_-Jd (2)
257
Sn-n-p--sXv. ]noSv AXns\ \mw amwkw-sImv s]mXn-bp-Xpw Fs\-sbv t\mp-I. As\ At-l-n\v AXv hy-am-b-tm Abm
]d-p: \nbw Amlp Fm Imcy-n\pw Ign-hp k-i--\msWv Rm Adn-bp-p.
ê-kvXo- `mKp XI-Sn Hcp {]tZ-i
- neqsS Xs Igp-X
- p-dv kcn-m-\n-S-bmb Dssk (A) Ccw \in \mSns\ F-s\-bmWv Amlp ]p\Pohnn-pIsbv a\-n kwibw {]I-Sn-n-p-I-bm-Wv. Atm Amlp At-ls
\qdphjw acn-npInS-n, tijw ]p\o-hn-np tNmZnp: \o F{X sImw acnp
InS-p? Atlw ]dp: Hcp Znh-ktam Hcp Znh-k-ns `mKtam am{Xw.- A-tm
Atlw bm{X-bn D]-tbm-Kn-n-cp apn-cn, An-gw XpSnb `-W]m\ob-ntev t\mm ]d-p. AXn\v bmsXmcp amhpw hn-n-. ]ns Atlw k-cnn-cp Igp-X-bn-tev t\mm ]dp, \qdphjw apv \in--Xn-\m AXns FpI-sfms \pcp-n-b-Xm-bnp. Amlp B Fp-Isf ]p\x-kw-L-Sn-nv amwkw
s]mXnv Igp-Xsb ]p\kr-n-p. CXv I-tm Dsskdn\v t_m[yambn\nbw
F{X sImw apv acn--hscbpw Pohn-n-m\pw thK-n tISp-h-cp `W]m\o-b F{X Ime-tpw tISp-h-cmsX kqn-m\pw, am{X-a FmImcy-n\pw Ignhp k-i\pam-Wv Amlp Fv. Cu kw`hw Imc-W-amWv blq-Zn-I Dsskdns\ ssZh-]p-{X-\mbn Nn{Xo-I-cn--Xv (Xu_: 30 t\mpI). Cu kw`-h-n-eqsS Amlp
FmImcy-n\pw Fm hkvXp--fpsStaepw Ign-hp- k-i-\m-sWv {]hm-N-Is\bpw hnizm-kn-Isfbpw ]Tn-n-p-I-bm-Wv.
_Jd: 20,106,109,148, Ben-Cw-dm: 165, \lv: 77, \q: 45, AI-_q-v: 20, ^mXzn:
1 XpS-nb kq--fpw, "\nbw Amlp Fm-Im-cy-n\pw Ign-hp k-i-\tm' F Bi-b-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bmWv Ah-km-\n-p--Xv. _Jd: 255 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
260. C_vdmlow tNmZn k`hpw Hmtm-Wv. Fs \mYm, acn--hsc \o
F-s\-b mWv Pohn-n- p-- s Xv F\n- v ImWnpXcnI? Amlp
tNmZnp: Atbm C_vdmlow \o hniz-kn-n-nt?, C_vdmlow ]dp:
Dv, Fm Fs lrZ-b-n\v DdpInp-Xn-\p-th-n-bmWv. Amlp
]d-p: \o ]n-I-fn\nv \mse-s ]nSn-p-I. Ahsb sImn-\pdpn \nn-tev tNp-I. ]noSv Ahbn \np Hcwiw Fm Hmtcm
ae-bnepw sImp-t]mbnshp-I. tijw \o Ahsb hnfn-p-IAh [rXnbn \ns-b-Sp--tev hcpw. \o Adn-bp-Ibpw sNp-I\nbw Amlp
AP--\mb bpn--\tm.
C_vdmlow \_n Am-lp-hn-t\mSv, acn--hsc Pohn-n-p-Xv F-s\-sbv
ImWnpsImSp-p-hm- Bh-iys-tm tImgn, {]mhv, abn, Im Fo \mev ]nIsf Adpv, sImn-\p-dpn Iqn-p-g-nbtijw A-hbpsS Hmtcm `mKw Ggp ae-I-fnembn sImp-sh-m ]dbpIbmWv. tijw C_vdmlow hnfn--tm Am-lp-hns
Iev]\{]Imcw Ah-sbmw ]gb-n-Xn-bn-ep ]n-I-fmbns C_vdm-lo-an-tev
]dSp-p. "^kn C AsebvI' F-Xn\v, -\n-n-tev CW-pI Fpw `mjm-
258
JpB\ns Bmhv
ap-v. Fm ChnsS CXns Bibw sImn-\p-dp-pI Fv Xs-bm-Wv. ImcWw

acn--hsc ]p\Po-hn-n-p-Xv F-s\-bmWv Fv ImWn-p-sIm-Sp-m\mWv C_vdmlow
\_n Bh-iy-s-Sp-Xv. Jp-B-\n Ccw Zzbm-ap ]Z- thsdbpw D]-tbmKn-n-p--Xmbn ImWmw. hnizm-kn-I-sfbpw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-sfbpw thXncn-m
thnbmWXv. Cukm \_nsb Dbn-b-Xn\v "apXhôJ' Fv B-en-Cw-dm: 55
D]-tbm-Kn-Xv asmcp DZm-l-c-W-am-Wv. Poh-t\msS DbpI F-Xn-\p-]p-dsa acnXn\p-tijw Db-pI Fpw Cu ]Z-n\v Bi-b-ap-v. AJn-bma: 29-, {]I--\-n\p-ta {]I-\w Fp]-d-Xv, ac-W-k-a-bv ico-c-n\nv dqlv thsSp-tm
Ah-cpsS hnizm-k-fpw [mc-W-Ifpw Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n\v hncp--ambncpXn\m
Ah ]Xn-\v hb-n-\p-tijw sNbvXn-p Fm Xn-Ifw Hn-\p-ta Hmbn
Bmhn\v ImWn-p-sIm-Sp-ptm Ah {]I-n-X-cmIp cwKw Nn{Xo-I-cn-p-IbmWv.
Fm ap\m-^n-Jp-I, Cs\ a\-n-em-pXn\p]Icw a\p-jy Fp-]-d-m
ico-c-am-sWv sXn--cn-p-Ibpw (ap-\m-^n-Jq: 4), {]kvXpX kq-n\v ico-c-ns
`mK-amb IW-m-epI ]c-kv]cw Iqn-sI-p-I-sbp-amWv Aw sImSp-n-p--Xv.
_Jd: 79,254 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
261. Am-lp-hns amK-n X-fpsS [\-w sNe-h-gn-p--hs D]-a Hcp
[m\y-aWnbpsS D]a t]mse-bm-Wv. AXv Ggv IXn-cp-Isf apf-np. Fm
Hmtcm IXn-cnepw \qdv [m\y-a-Wn-I-fp-v. Amlp Ah Dt-in--hv
Cc-n-n-v sImSpp-p, Amlp k-hym-]n-bmb k--\-tm.
Hcphnn\nv Fgp-qdv [m\yaWn-I hcp-p. ASp hj-tv Npcp-nbXv
AXn\nv Fgp-]Xv hnp-I-fp-m-Ipw. A-s\ Iptdhjw Ign-bp-tm Hcp {]tZ-ip apgp-h hnf-Ifpw B hnn\n-p--Xm-bn-ocpw. Cs\ hn-np e`n-W-sa ey-tm-Sp-IqSnbmbn-cn-Ww hnizm-kn-I ]Ww sNe-h-gn- F-, XfpsS Fm {]h\fpw \St--Xv. bmko 12- ]d-bp-p: ""\nbw acn--hsc
Rm Pohn-n-pIXs sNpw, Ah-cpsS Pohn-X-Im-ev sNbvX {]h-\-fpw,
Ah-cpsS ss]Xr-I-fpsS t\-tIm--fpsamw Hcp hy-amb ]n-I-bn \mw tcJs-Sp-n-sh-p-p-v.'' Hmtcm-cp-c
- pw Ah-cpsS Pohn-XI
- m-ev sNp \bpw Xnbpw,
Ah-cpsS ]nKm-an-Iv hntpt]mIp ss]Xr-I
- f
- psS \bpw Xnbpw hn[nZnhkw
hne-bn-cp-p--Xm-Wv. Aq: 30-, \nbw Amlp Ah DXv]m-Zn-n-p-Xv hebw
sNbvX-h-\mWv Fpw, AI-_q-v: 45-, \n DXv]m-Zn-n-p-Xv Amlp Adn-bp-h-\mWv Fp-w ]-d-n-p-v. Cu cv kq--fnepw (A-h {]hn-p--Xv),
(\n- {]hn-p--Xv) Fsmpw ]-d-bmsX (Ah DXv]m-Zn-n-p-Xv), (\n
DXv]m-Z-np-Xv) Fp-]-d--Xns hnh-, Ah-cpsS {]hr-n-I am{X-a-, Ah
]nKm-an-Iv hnt-p-t]m-Ip ss]Xr-I
- f
- psS t\-tIm-
- fpwIqSn ]cn-KW
- npsamWv Bibw. An-km-Av: 85, Bsc-nepw Hcp\ ip]mi sNbvXm Ah\v
AXn\nsmcp hnlnXw e`n-p--Xm-Wv. Bsc-nepw Hcp-Xn--bmWv ip]mi sNbvXsX-n- AXns ]m]-`m-c-ns Hcp ]pw Ah\v e`n-p--Xm-Wv, Amlp Fm-Imcy-n\pw tat\m--m-c-\tm! Fp-]-d-bp-p-v. Jp-B-\ns hn[n-hn-e-p-Iv
A\p-k-cn-p {]hrnIsf Dt-Pn-n-p-I-bpw, hncp--amb {]h-\-sf km[np-sa-n ssIsImv XS-bp-Ibpw As-n \mhp-sImv FXnp-I-bpw, AXp-a-s-
A_-Jd (2)
259
n a\-n B {]hrn sN-phs\ shdp-pI-sb-nepw sN-W-sav hnizm-kn-ItfmSv ]d-bp-p. Hcp-Ipw Im AXn-t\mSv shdpv {]I-Sn-n-p--n-sn Ah\n]ns A]w-t]mepw hnizm-k-an-sv \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. Bsc-nepw Hcp\ sImphm Ahv ]n-cn {]Xn-^-e-hpw, Hcp-Xn--bmWv sImp-h--sXn Ahv AXn\v X-Xmb {]Xn-^-ehpw \Ip--Xm-Wv, Ah-tcmSv A]wt]mepw
A\oXn sNp-I-bn- Fv A-Bw: 160 ]d-n-pv. Bsc-nepw Hcp \ -sIm-ph-m Ah\v AXn-tesd D-a-am-b-Xp-v, Bsc-nepw Hcp Xnbpw sImp-hm
Ah {]hn-p-sIm-n-cp Xnv X-Xmb {]Xn-^-e-a-msXbn Fv Jkzkv:
84-epw ]d-n-p-v. Cu kq-fpsS ASn-m-\-n: Hcm Hcp-\ {]hr-n-m\p-t-in-p, Fm AXv {]hr-nm km[n-n-s-nepw Hcp \- Ah\v tcJ-s-Sppsapw, {]hn-m Npcp-n-bXv ]v \ tcJ-s-Spp-sapw \_n (k) ]Tnnp. Fm Hcm Hcp Xn {]hr-n-m-\p-t-in-p, FnXv {]hn-mXn-cpm Xn-bmbn tcJ-s-Sp-p-I-bn-. C\n-bXv {]hn-m X-Xmb Xn-bmtb
tcJ-s-Sp-p-I-bp-q Fpw \_n ]Tn-n-npv. Atm hnizm-kn-I ]nKm-anIv Jp-B-\ns ASn-m-\-n-ep \ kwkvIm-c-amWv hnt-p-t]m-tI--Xv.
(bq\pkv: 26-27, \lv 2425, AI-_qv: 1213, Jnbma: 13, Aqd: 40, C^n-Xm: 5,
apAvan: 40 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 81-,201202 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
262. X-fpsS [\w Am-lp-hns amK-n sNe-h-gn-p-Ibpw ]noSv sN-eh-gn--Xv FSpp]d-bp-Itbm AXnst]cn ap-hn-[-n ie-S-s-Sp-p
Itbm sNm--hv X-fpsS dns ] Ah-cpsS {]Xn-^-e-ap-v.
AhcpsS-ta `b-s-Sm-t\m Ahv ZpxJn-mt\m CS-h-cn-.
Fm A\p-{K-l-fpw Am-lp-hn\n-p--XmsWv a\-n-emn Ah Am-lphns Xr]vXn-bn hn\n-tbm-Knv kzKw ChnsS ]Wn-bemWv a\pjycpsS PohnXeyw.
AXpsImv sNe-h-gn-p-Xv, ap-hsc t_m[n-n-p--Xnt\m ap--h-cpsS kmy]{Xw e`n-p--Xnt\m Bbn-cn--cp-Xv. ]pWym-m--fpsS kz`mhw _Jd: 177 hni-ZoIcnn-pv. kPZ: 19, Atm hniz-kn-p-Ibpw kI- sNp-Ibpw sNp-hv Ah {]hn--Xn\v hncp-mbn kzKq-tm-p-I-fp-sp ]d-bp-p.
AAvdm^v: 40-43, AI-_q-v: 7,58, kpa: 74, ^pn-e-v: 8, apk-em-v: 44 XpS--nb
kq--fn-semw kzKw ChnsS {]hn-v hmt--Xm-sWv ]d-np-v. _Jd:
62,152,207 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
263. \hmv ]d-bepw hnp-hogvN sN-epamWv ieyw ]np-S-cp Zm\-[
tf-m D-a-ambXv. Am-lp-hm-Is ]c-a sF-iz-cy-hm\mb kl-\-io-e\pa-tm.
a\-an-m-a-\-tmsS _pn-apn Zm\-[- sN-W-sav Am-lp-hn\v Hcm-h-iyhp-an. epJvam: 12- Amlp ]d-bpp: Bsc-nepw \n {]I-Sn-n-p-p-s-n
AXv Ah-cpsS \^vkn-\p-th-n--s-bm-Wv. Bsc-nepw \ntj-[n-p-I-bm-sW-n
Atm \nbw Amlp sF-iz-cy-hm\pw kzbw kvXpXyl-\p-am-Wv. [\-n\nv
ASp--hpw AK-Xn-Ipw hgn-bm-{X-mpw Ah-cpsS hnlnXw \I-W-sapw,
260
JpB\ns Bmhv
Fm A-c-mv \Im-\p ]Ww Xmew In-en-s-n, Ah-tcmSv \

hmp-I ]dbpIbpw ]Ww e`n-p-tm \Im {in-W-sapw Ckvdm-Av: 26-28
kq--fn ]d-bp-p. Npcp--n, Am-lp-hmWv Fm A\p-{K-l--fpsSbpw ZmXmshpw, sImSp-p--hs m\-p-\nv hmp--hs m\tpamm Amlp-hn\v km[n-p-sa-p-ap Nn-bn, {]m-\-tbmSpIqSnbpw Amlv F kvac-Wtbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bp-am-bn-cn-Ww hnizmkn s]cp-am-td--Xv. ^mnl: 2, _Jd: 175,185 hni-ZoI-cWw t\mp-I.
264. Hm hnizm-kn-I-tf, Am-lp-hnepw Ay-Zn-\-nepw hniz-kn-msX P\sf ImWn-mthn Xs [\s sNe-h-gn-p--h-s\-tm-se sNeh-gnv, sImSp-Xv FSp-p-]-d-p-sImpw ieywsNbvXpsImpw \nfpsS Zm\-[-sf \n ]mgm--cp-Xv. Atm Ahs D]a, Hcp ]mdpdw t]mse-bm-Wv, AXn-t Aw apv, Hcp I\ ag hjn-p
(asmw Hgp-In-tmbn) ]md-pdw an\p--Xmbnamdn. Ah km-Zn-Xn\nv Hpw A\p-`-hn-m Ahv km[y-am-hp-I-bn-. Ccw \ntj[n-I-fmb Hcp P\-Xsb Amlp kmK-n-em-p-I-bn-.
Amlp ImWp-pv F t_m[-an-msX, P\- ImWp-Xns\ `b-sp
sImp {]hrnI inn s]-Xm-Wv. Jnbm-ap\mfn X-fpsS sXmen-I,
ssIIm-ep-I, tIhn, ImgvN, `qan XpSnbhsbmw Xs-Xnsc kmywhlnpsav ]d-bp ^p-n-ev: 19-24, bmko: 65, Aq: 24, knkm: 4 XpS-nb kq Ah-K-Wnv Pohn-p--h-cm-Wv Ah. Cl-tem-Iv P\--fn\n-p \n-{]-IS\hpw kmy-]-{Xhpw {]Xo-n-p--h-cpam-Wh. Am-lp-hntem Ay-Zn-\-ntem
Ah hniz-kn-n-n-. hnizm-kn-I-fm-ImsX GXv {]h\w sNbvXmepw AXv kzoI-cn-s-Sp-I-bn-. Jp-B-\ns Bibw ]Tn-p--Xn\pw ]Tn-n-p--Xn\pwthn sNe-hgn-p-Xv, FSp-p--cn-p-Xpw AXn DuwsImp-Xpw A\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-sWv am{Xa- ]pWyIw IqSn-bm-Wv. Jp-BsImv Al--cn-p-Ibpw kzbw]cym-]vXX \Snp-Ibpw thW-sav Iev]n-n-pap-v (BenCwdm: 79, apl-Zv: 24 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
\msf Fm A\p-{K-l-sfpdnpw tNmZn-p-tm Jp-B-\p-thn sNe-h-gn--Xn-s\p-dnv tNmZyw sN-s-Sp-I-bn-X-s-. Jp-B-\ns Imcy-n Akq-bbpw Al-mc-hp-samw A\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-Wv. ISp-Ip-a-Wn-q--tmfw In_vdv (A-l-m-cw) lrZ-bn
ep-h kzKn {]th-in-p-I-bn- Fv \_n(-k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. Fm B
In_vdns\ Jp-B-\m-Ip {]ImiwsImv IcnpIfv kzK-n-tev IpXnm
{ian-p-h-cmWv hnizm-kn-I (lv: 24 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v:
(Amlp P\--fn\nv IpSpw-_s kzoI-cn-p-p. tNmZn--sp: BcmWv {]hm-NItc Ah? Jp-B-\ns Bfp-IfmWh, Ah Ahs IpSpw-_mw-K-fpw {]tXy-Im-cp-am-Wv. ap\m-^nJp-I shdp-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-tbm, As-n `n-{]-I-Sn-n-p-sImtm
sNp \a-kvImc-tfm Zm\-[--tfm kzoI-cn-p-I-bn-; Ah Am-lp-hnepw
dkq-enepw hniz-kn-m--XmWv Imc-Ww Fv Xu_: 53-54 ]d-n-cn-p-p. kXya-dnv aqSn-sh-p Hcp P\-Xsb Amlp kamKn-tev \bn-p-I-bn-s Bib-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bmWv Xu_: 37Dw Ah-km-\n-p--Xv. _Jd: 121,186,254 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
A_-Jd (2)
261
265. Am-lp-hns {]oXn B{K-ln-p-sImpw ]q-amb a\x----X-tbmsSbpw Ah-cpsS [\w sNe-h-gn-p--h-cpsS D]a Db {]tZ-i-p
Hcp tXmw t]mse-bm-Wv. AXns\ Hcp I\ ag _m[n-p, Atm AXv
hnf-hp-I cn-cn \In. C\n I\ agbnmsX Nmdag Inn-bmepw
(km[m-cW hnfhv e`n-p--Xn-\v) AXv aXn-bm-Ip--Xm-Wv. Amlp \n
{]hn-pXv honpsIm-n-cn-p--h-\m-Wv.
hnizm-kn-I-fpsS ]Ww sNe-h-gn-p--Xn-\p D]abmWv Cu kq-n ]cmain-p--Xv. \msf bYm Pohn-X-n hnfhv e`n-Wsa \n_- -_p-ntbmsSbpw Am-lp-hns Xr]vXn-bnepamWv Ah ]Ww sNe-h-gn-p-I. AYhm
\mtfpthXv ChnsS shp-Xs km-Zn-Wsa Pohn-X-eyw Adn-bp-hcpw
AX-\p-kc
- nv {]hnp-hc
- pamWv Ah. _Jd: 16-,112,207,261 hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mpI.
266. \n-fn-semcp-h\v Cu--\-I-fmepw apn-cn-h-n-I-fm-ep-ap Hcp tXm-apv. AXns Xmgv`m-K--fn-eqsS \Zn-I Hgp-In-sm-n-cn-p-p-ap-v. B
tXm-n Ah\v Fm-hn[ ê--fp-ap-v. Ahs\bmsW-n hmIyw
_m[nnpapv. Ah-\p--Xv _e-lo-\-m-cmb Ipn-I-fpam-Wv. Atm
B Ah--bn XotbmSp-IqSnb Hcp Npg-enmv B tXms ]nSn-IqSpIbpw AXns\ IcnpIf-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp. A-s\-bp Hcp-h-s\-tmse-bm-Im \n-fn-em-sc-nepw C-sSptam? A{]-Imcw Amlp Ahs
kq- \nv hy-ambn hni-Zo-Ic
- npXcp-p\n Btem-Nnv
{]Xn-ênnp--h Xs-bmIWsa-Xn-\p-th-n.
{]h-\- apgp-h\pw ]mgmbntmbn PohnXw \-s Hcp-hs DZm-l-cWw
FSp-p-c
- nv a\p-jysc Btem-Nn-p-h
- cpw ]mTw ]Tn-p-h
- c
- pam-p-Ib
- mWv Cu kqn-eqsS Amlp sNp--Xv. Hcmv Hcp tXm-apv B tXm--n Ah\pw Ahs
IpSpw-_-n\pw Pohn-m th, [m\y-fpw ]g-hKfpw asm hn`-h--fp-a-S-nb
Irjn-bpap-v. Ah \\-bvm Npp-`m-Kpw ]pg-If-- p-ap-v. hmIyw _m[n Ah,
Xm km-Zn-p-m-nb B tXmw aptJ\ kp`n--ambn Ign-p-Iq-Sp-tm Hcp \mfn
Xomv aptJ\ Ahs tXmw Icn--s-Sp-I-bmWv. Ahs a-fm-Is _e-lo-\mcpw
A[zm-\n-m tijn-bn-m-hcp-amb Ipn-I-fm-Wv. As\bh Cl-tem-I-p-Xs
Fmw \-s--h-\mbn, tJZn-p--h-\mbn amdp-p. ]c-n-em-hs Ah\v HpwXs
Dm-hp-I-bp-an-. C-s\-bm-Wv ]c-tem-Iv e`n--W-sa Dt-iy-an-m-sX Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n\nv hyXn-N-env Pohn-p--h-cpsS PohnXw \-s-Sp-Xv (kpa:
63). Ilv^:v 32-44 kq--fn ]d tXm-m-cs Ah-bpw Jew: 20-31 kq-fn ]d tXm-m-cpsS Ah-bpw hne-bn-cp-p-I. _Jd: 121,186,219-220 hni-ZoI-cWw t\mpI.
267. Hm hnizm-kn-I-tf, \n km-Zn-n-p ]cn-ip--am-b-Xn\npw `qanbn\nv \mw \nv Dm-Zn-np X-Xn\npw \n sNe-h-gnp-hn. tO-am-bXv sNe-h-gn-p-hm \n Dt-in--cpXv, a\-an-m-a-\tm-sS-b-msX \n-fXv kzoI-cnp-Ibn-tm. \n-f-dn-bpI\nbw
262
JpB\ns Bmhv
Amlp kzbw kvXpXy-l\mb ]ca sFiz-cy-hm XsbmWv.
km-Zn-p-Xpw sNe-h-gn-p-Xpw Amlp A\p-h-Zn amK-n-eq-sS-bm-bn-cn-Ww. ]-eni, NqXm-w, I--S-v, Ipg-Ww,ssIq-en, kv{Xo[-\w, Ih, sIm,
]nSn-p-]-dn, ambw tN, ]qgvn-sh-, Af-hnepw Xq-nepw Ir{Xnaw ImWn XpS-nb \njn--amb NqjW amK-n-eqsS km-Zn-Xv sNe-h-gn-nv Imcy-an
FmWv ]cn-ip--amb hgn-bn km-Zn-Xv sNe-h-gn-pI F-Xp-sImv Dt-in-p-Xv. `qan-bn\nv \nv Dm-Zn-npX-Xn\nv sNe-h-gn-pI FXn\npw,
Irjnpw ]g-hKn-\p-samw kImpsv a\-n-em-mw (ABw: 141 Iqn-hm-bnp-I). \njn--amb \ne-bn t\Snb [\tam As-n tami-s km[-\tam ap-hv \Im Dt-in--cpXv. ImcWw AXv \apmWv e`n-p-sX-n \maXv Cs-Sp-Ibn-tm (BenCwdm: 92 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Npcp--n GsX-nepw cq]-n
]Ww km-Znv, AXv sNe-h-gnv ]pWyw t\Sm-sav hnNm-cn-p-Xv hnUvVn--am-Wv.
Ah-c-h {]hn-p--Xpw km-Zn-p-Xp-samw Ah-c-hpthns-bm-Wv.
Am-lp- Bcp-sSbpw Bh-iy-an-m--h\pw kzbw kvXpXyl-\p-am-Wv. Xu_: 34
hnizm-kn-I-tf, \nbw ]WvUnX ]ptcm-ln-Xam-cn A[n-I-t]cpw P\--fpsS [\w
Ahn-ln-X-ambn Xnp-I-bpw, Ah Jp-B\ns amK-n\np P\-sf XS-bp-Ibpw
sNp-sap ]d-n-p-v. amCZ: 62, ]qnI thZ-m-cn ({]-tXy-Inv PqXam-cn)
A[n-It- ]-cpw Ip-Ir-Xy-fpw i{Xp-Xbpw ]c-p-X
- n-\p-thn HmSn \S-p-h
- c
- pw, tX
Xnp--h-cp-ambn \o ImWp--Xm-Wv Fp]d-bp-p. 63, ]WvUnX ]ptcm-ln-Xam
Fp-sImv Ahsc Ip-hm-p-I ]d-bp--Xn\npw tX Xnp--Xn\npw XSn-, F{X-tam-i-s DXv]mZ\-amWv Ah \Sn-sm-n-cn-p-Xv Fpw]d-n-pv. amCZ: 100 Amlp \_n-tbmSv ]d-bm Iev]n-pp: thpw ]cn-ip-hpw kaam-hp-I-bn, t-X-bpsS B[nIyw \ns F{X B-cy-s-Sp-n-bmepw icn. AXpsImv _pn-amamsc \n Am-lp-hns\ kqn-p-I- \
- n- hnPbw hcn-phcmIWsa-Xn-\p-th-n. _Jd: 172,188,261 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
268. ]nimNv \ntfmSv Zmcn{ZyamWv hmKvZm\w sNp-X
- v. \oN-hrn-I-sImv
Ah Iev]n-p-Ibpw sNp-p. Amlp Ah-\n\n-p ]m]-tam-N\hpw
HuZm-cy-hp-amWv (A\p-{KlhpamWv) \n-tfmSv hmKZm\w sNp--Xv. Amlp-hm-Is k-hym-]n-bmb k--\tm.
^pJm: 67-, ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-Is C-Zm-kam-cpsS kz`mhw ]d-n-Sv, Ah
sNe-h-gn-p-tm [q-Sn-p-I-tbm, ]nipv ImWn-p-Itbm sNp-I-bn, AXn\v
cn-\p-an-S-bn-ep Hcp a[ya \ne-]mSmWv kzoI-cn-pI Fp-]-d-n-p-v (Xu_: 77-78
Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). ]nim-Nv, ]c-tem-I-n\pthn sNe-h-gn-p Imcy-n ]nipv
ImWn-n-sn Zmcn{Zyw hcp-sav òj-Wn-s-Sp-p-I-bpw, AtX-k-abw Zp\n-bm-hns
Imcy-n [qn\p-thn t{]cn-n-p-Ibpw sNp-XmWv. If-hv, hy`n-Nm-cw, kzhKkw-t`m-Kw, Iv, {]Xn-jvT, t\, hgn-]m-Sv, temdn XpSn thpw \oN-hp-amb Fm
{]hr-n-Ifpw ]nimNv Iev]n-pw. Fm Amlp Ahs ]m]-tam-N-\hpw Ahv
kzKn kpJ-k-q-amb Pohn-X-hn-`-fp-amWv hmKvZm\w sNp--Xv. Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n\n-mWv ]nimNv a\p-jysc XS-bp-I. AXp-hgn Am-lp-hns
A_-Jd (2)
263
amKn\nv XSv Ahsc Ah-t\m-sSmw \c-I-n-tev hnfn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-Ibm-Wv. \msf ]c-tem-Iv ]nimNv Ism-gn-bp cwKw C_vdmlow: 22- ]d-bp-p-v.
Ankm-Av: 120, Ah-tcmSv Ah hmKvZw sNp-Ibpw hymtam-ln-n-p-Ibpw sNpw.
Fm ]nim-Nns hmKvZm\w h-\-b-msX asm-p-a- Fp]d-bp-p. ]nipv
ImWn-p -h Im^n-dm-sWv Ankm-Av: 37 ]d-n-p-v. _Jd: 166170,195,254
269. Ah Dt-in-p--hv lnIvav \Ip-p. lnIvav e`n--ht\m
\nbw [mcmfw \ \I-spI-gn-p. _pn-am-m-c
- msX lrZ-bw-sImv
kvacn-p-I-bn-.
{]hm- N - I Xzw, ZoL- h o- - W w, XXz- m\w, Jp- B - \ ns Bi- b - a mb
^pJmsImv \bpw Xnbpw thXn-cn--dn-bm-\p Ign-hv, Jp-B kq-
Iqn-tbm-Pn-nv hnj-b- Dd-p-h-cpm-\p Ignhv FsmamWv "lnIva-v' sImv
Dtinp-Xv. A^m: 29 hnizm-kn-Isf hnfnp Amlp ]d-bp-p: \n
Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-b-n kqn-p-I-bm-sW-n, \nv kXyhpw Ak-Xyhpw
thXn-cn--dn-bm-\p Dc-v (^pJm) Ah Dm-n--cn-I-bpw, Ah \n-fpsS
Xn-I ambvpIfbp-I-bpw, \nv s]mdppXcn-Ibpw sNp--Xm-Wv. kpa: 18, BcmtWm Jp-B hN-\- {in-p-tIp-I-bpw, AXv Ghpw \-\n-e-bn
]n]-p-Ibpw sNp--Xv, Ah Xs-bm-Wv _pn-amam Fp-]-d-bp-p (Ben-Cwdm: 7 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). \n-ba
- mbpw \ns DW D]-Im-cs
- -Sp-I, Jp-B Bibw
]n]-pIbpw, ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-Is\ ImWmsXIv (JpB-\ns Bi-b-n Iv) `bs-SpIbpw sNp-hpamWv. Atm Ah\v ]m]-tam-N-\hpw am\y-amb {]Xn-^-ehp-ap-s ktm-j-hm Adn-bn-pI Fv bmko: 11- ]d-n-p-v. _Jd: 231
C_vdmlnw \_n lnIva-n\pthn {]mn-n-cp-p Fv ApA-dm-Av: 83-
]d-n-pv. Am-lp-hn\v \n {]I-Sn-n-p--Xn-\p-th-n epJvam\v lnIvav sImSpn-pv Fv epJvam: 12- ]d-n-p-v. Jp-B-\ns samw Bibw Xs-bmWv
lnIva-v. AXv Inn-bm am{Xta samw PohnXw Am-lp-hn\pthn-bp--Xm-m\pw
\S---fnepw Ccp---fnepw InS---fn-ep-samw Am-lp-hns\ kvacnv Ahs
{]Xn-\n-[n-bmbn \ne-sIm-p-hm\pw km[n-p-I-bp-q. lnIvav e`n--h Xs-bmWv
_pn-am-m (BenCwdm: 190-191 Iqn-hmbn-p-I). lnIvav Inn-b-hv [mcmfw
\ \In--gnp Fv Cu kq-n ]d--Xpw, \n-fn Ghpw D-a JpB\ns Bibw ]Tn-p-Ibpw ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNp--h-cmWv Fv \_n (k) ]Tn-n
Xpw Hp-X-sbmWv. Jp-B-\mWv sFizcyw AXn-\p-tijw Zmcn-{Zy-an-, AXp-Iq-SmsX
sFizcy-hp-an Fv \_n ]Tn-n--Xns s]mcpfpw asm--. Ckvdm-Av: 23-38 hscbp kq--fn Pohn-X-n ]men-t- hn[n-hn-e-p-I hni-Zo-I-cn-Xn\ptijw
Amlp ]d-bpp: AsX-m-amWv \ns \mY-\n\nv \n\v Znhy-k-t i-ambn \Inbn-p XXz-m-\--fn Nne-Xv. _Jd: 66,185,231 hn-i-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
270. \n sNehgnp- X n\nv F- mIs As- n t\cp
264
JpB\ns Bmhv
t\bn\nv FmIs, Atm \nbw Amlp AXdn-bp-p-v.
A{I-an-Iv klm-bn-Ifn\nv Bcpw-Xs Dm-hpIbn-.
{XnIm-e-m-\n-bmb Am-lphns hn[n-hn-e-p-I ]men-msX ap--h-cpsS

{]Xyp-]I
- m-chpw BZ-chpw Xr]vXnbpsamw tamln-p-sImv sNe-hg
- n-m-h
- cpw, Amlp
Am-h
- v t\-hg
- n-]m-Sp-I \Ip-h
- cpw B{I-an-If
- m-sWpw Ahv Hcp klmbn-bpw Dm-hp-I-bn-spamWv kqw ]Tn-n-pXv. Am-lp-hn\v am{Xta t\hgn]m-Sp-Ifn- A\p-h-Zn-n-p-q. AXmIs PmXn--a-X t`-Z-at\y a\p-jy-cn\n-p
Zcn-{Zpw AK-Xn-Ipw A\mY-Ipw hgn-bm-{X-mpw \I-em-Wv. Cv Amlp-hns amK-amb Jp-B-\ns Bibw ]Tnm\pw ]Tn-n-m\pwthn \onsh-emWv Ghpw D-a-am-bn-p--Xv. ImcWw Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-ap-s-n am{Xta sNeh-gn-epw t\ hgn-]m-Sp-Ifpw Amlp Xr]vXnbnepw kzoI-cn-sSp hn[-nep
amm km[n-pI-bp-q. Cv apkven Jp-B\ns Bi-b-an-m-Xv ImcWw
t\ hgn-]m-Sp-I t\cp-Xv acn-p-t]mb alm-m-fpsS t]cn-em-Wv. CXv Ip^vdpw
inp-am-Wv. Am-lp-hns t]cnemsX t\-bmbn \on-sh-Xns\ ABw: 145 ]n-amw-k-ns Iq-neps-Sp-pIbpw, cpw amen-\yhpw Im-]-Syapf-hm-pXp-am-sWpw ]d-n-p-v (A-Bw: 121, 136-140 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Ben-Cw-dm: 192,
amCZ: 72 XpS-nb kq-fpw Ah-km-\n-p--Xv, "A{I-an-Iv klmbn-I Bcpw
Xs-bn- 'F Bi-b-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. Amlp Adn-bpn-, ImWp-n F
t_m[-n \ne-sIm-p--h-cm-Wv Cu kq-nse A{I-an-I. _Jd: 99,173,254 hniZo-I-cWw t\mpI.
271. \n Zm\[- shfn-s-Sp-p-I-bm-sW-n AXv \nv \-XpX-s. Fm AXv \n cl-ky-am-p-Ibpw Zcn-{Zv Fn-p-sIm-Spp-I-bp-am-sW-n AXmWv \nv Ghpw D-aw. \n-fpsS XnIfn\nv ambvpIf-bm- AXv \np-]-I-cn-pw. Am-lp-hm-Is,
\n {]hn-p--sXmw hebwsNbvX {XnIm-e-m-\n-bpam-Ipp.
ap--hsc Zm\-[-v t{]cn-n-p hn[-n ]c-ky-ambn Zm\-[-
sNp-Xn hntcm-[-an. Ah-cpsS lrZ-b--fpsS Ah t\mnbmWv AXv kzoIcn--s-SpXpw {]Xn-êw \Is-Sp-Xpw. Fm lrZ-b--fpsS Ah Adn-bp-h-\mWv Amlp Fv km[q-I-cn-phn[n, BcpwImWmsXbpw Adn-bmsXbpw
hfsc clky-ambn Ghpw Al-X-s Zcn-{Z--cmb a\p-jyv FnpsImSp-p-I-bmsW-n AXmWv Ghpw D-aw. AXv Amlp kzo-I-cn-mXncn-p {]iv\-an-. AXp
aptJ\ Ahs sXp-Ip-- ambvp-I-f-bp--Xpam-Wv. Zm\-[- sNp-tm
Xs apIm-ev Ign-p-t]mb sXp-Ip-
- lrZ-b
- n Hmn-p-Ib
- pw, AXv s]mdpp-X-cpXn\p-th-n-bm-WnXv Fv Icp-Xp-Ibpw sNt-Xm-Wv. Atm Ah-c-h
Xs-bmWv Ah-c-h-cpsS sXp-Ip-- ambvp-I-f-bp-Xv Fv kmcw. \_n(k) s]cpm JpXp_p tijw kv{XoIfpsS `mKv t]mhp-Ibpw, "Hm kv{Xokaqlta, \nsf-bmWv Rm \c-I-n IqSp-X I-Xv, AXp-sImv \n Zm\-[- hnn-pI' Fp]d-bp-I-bp-m-bn. Xu_: 60- kIm-n\v Al-cmb Fv hn`m-K--fn
apK-W\ \In-bn-cn-p-Xv ^pJ-dm- (a\p-jy-cn\np Z-cn-{Z)mWv. XpSp-
A_-Jd (2)
265
h-cp 273-mw kq-nepw Zcn-{Zv apK-W\ \IWsamWv ]d-n-pXv

(A^m: 29, kpa: 35, ^Xvlv: 5, AKm-_p: 9, Xzem-Jv: 5, Xlvcow: 8 Iqn-hm-bnpI). _Jd: 234 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
272. Ah-cpsS kmKw \ns ]-e-. Fm Amlp Ah Dt-in--hsc
kmK-n-em-p-p. \-bn\nv \n Fsmv sNe-hg
- n-mepw AXv
\np-thn-s-bm-Wv. \n Am-lp-hns {]oXn B{K-ln-psIm--msX AXv sNe-h-gn-p-n-tm. \-bn\nv \n Fsmv
sNe-h-gn-mepw \nv ]cn-]q-ambn ({]Xn-êw) Xncnp \I-s-Sp-Xm-Ip-p. \ntfm A\oXn ImWn--s-Sp-h-cmhpI-bn-.
kImpw kzZ-Jbpw (Zm-\-[-) apkven-msX \Im]mSptm
Fp hnizm-kn-Ip-m-bn-cp kwibw Cu kq-n-eqsS Zqco-I-cn-p-I-bmWv.
Hcm-fpsS kmKw \_n-bpsS F-, BcpsS ]-ep-an-spw AXv Hmtcm-cp-cpw
Am-lp-hn-t\mSv kzbw tNmZnp hmt--Xm-sWpw, AXp-sImv Am-lp-hns {]oXn
Dt-in-psImv Al-cmb Ahs krn-Iv (A-h GXv PmXn aX-\
- m-bmepwicn)
kImpw kzZ-Jbpw ap klm-b-fpw \I-W-sav hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv {]tXyIw Iev]np-I-bm-Wv. Bv \IpI-bm-sWnepw AXv Am-lp-hns krnI-mWv \IpsXv a\-n- Icp-Xn-bpw Am-lp-hn\np {]Xn-êw tamln-p-sIm-pamsWn
AhXv ]q-ambn XncnpsImSp-p-Ibpw Dtiy-a-\p-k-cnv Cc-n-npsImSp-p-Ibpw
sNp-sav _Jd: 261- ]dn-p-v.
Jkz-kv: 56 Amlp ]d-bp-p: \nbw \o CjvS-s-Sp--hsc kamKn-tem-p-n-, Fm Amlp Ah-\p-t-in-p--hsc kamKn-te-m-p-p.
kamKn-em-cm-sWv Ghpw Adn-bp--h AmlpXsbmWv. \_n- Xs
hfp]nXmhv A_q-Xm-en-_ns ac-W-k-a-bv AhnsS lmP-cmhpI-bpw, aqp {]mhiyw ilm-Zv sNmm Bh-iy-s-SpIbpw sNbvX-tm aqm-as {]mhiyw A_q
Xm-en_v tNmZn-p: ]nXm-a-l A_-vZp ap-en-_ns aX-n hniz-kn-p-ptm?
{]hm-N-I Dcw ]d-p: C. Atm-gmWv Pn_vco Cu kqw HmXn-sm-Sp-p-
Xv. Am-lp-hns A[n-Im-c-mh-Im-i--fn ]p-tNp--hvA-h IpSpw-_n\nv F{X ASp--h-cm-sW-nepw (am-Xm-hv, ]nXm-hv Bcm-sW-nepw)icn--A-h
\c-I
- ns kl-hm-kn-If
- m-sWp hy-am-bX
- n-\p-tijw Ahp-thn s]mdp-e
- ns\
tXSm \_ntm hnizm-knItm ]mSn- Fv Xu_: 113 ]d-n-p-v. \_nbpsS
Poh-Xmhkm\ Imev (lnPvd 9mw hjw) \_n-bpsS amXm-hns Imcy-n-emWv Cu
kqw Cd-n-bXv. "aqkho ico-Av' ]n]-mXn\m amXm-hn-\p-thn s]mdp-ens\ tXSm ]mSn Fv kmcw (Ben-Cw-dm: 128-129, Xu_: 23-24, apPm-Zne: 22, ap\m^n-Jq: 6 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 6 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
]qnI kap-Zm-b-n thiymhrn sNbvXn-cp Hcp kv{Xo, Zmlnv hniv
ap-I-p \mbsb Inv AXns Imcy-n AenhptXmn Xs hkv{Xw Iodn
Xs jq D]-tbm-K-s-Spn InW-n\nv shw tImcn-sm-Spv AXns\ IpSn-n-Xn-\m kzKn {]th-in-n--s-p Fpw `-n \Sn-v, \a-kvI-cnv t\m-\pjvTnv
Pohnncp asmcp kv{Xo Xs A[o-\-X-bn-ep ]qv `Ww \ImsXbpw, Am-
266
JpB\ns Bmhv
lp hns `qan-bn `WwtXSm AXns\ A\p-h-Zn-msXbpw sIn-bnv sIm-Xns

t]cn Ah \c-I-n {]th-in-n--s-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp Fpw \_n(-k) ]Tn-n-npv.
Cv apkven-fn `qcn-]-hpw temI-s-hn-sSbpw, ]qsb sIn-bnv sIm
kv{Xosb-tmse {Iqc-a-\-n-Xn-mcpw ]nim-Nns kwL-m-cp-am-sWv Jp-B _kzmC-dmbn D]-tbm-Kn-m a\-n-em-mw. temIv samw A\p-{K-l-ambn Abs
apl--Zv \-_n-bpsS t]cp-shv (A-n-bm-Av: 107) apl-Zv \_nsb P\-a-[y-n {Iqc\pw
sIm-cp-Xm--h\pw cw Nnp--h-\p-ambn Ah-X-cn-n-pIhgn Ah ]nim-Nns\
Pohn-n-p--hcpw, Am-lp-hns\bpw {]hm-N-I-s\bpw Jp-B-\n- aqSn-sh--h-cp-am-bn-cnp-I-bm-Wv. kzKhpw \c-Ihpw Hmtcm Bm-hp-w km-Zn-t--Xm-sWv Cu kqhpw
]Tn-n-p-p. ^mnl: 6, _Jd: 2,38,146,213,245,285 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
A-m-lpth, C-c-mcmb apkvenw P\-X-bn R-sf \o Ds-Sp--t,
Rsf \o Jp-B-\ns samw Bi-b-n a\-km--hm-Nm--IWm \n\v Iogvsv
\ns Ip-sImv Pohn-p apJo--fn Ds-Sp-t-W-ta.
273. X-fpsS kzw Pohn-Xm-h-iy-pthn `qan-bn A[zm-\n-m Ahkcw Inm-hw Am-lp-hns amKn _n-X-cm-b Zcn-{Z-v. Adn
hn-m Bfp-I Ah-cpsS am\yXbpw Bm-`n-am-\hpw Iv Ah kcm-sWv IWpIqp-p. AhcpsS eWwsImv \o Ahsc Xncn-
dnbpw. Ah P\--fpsS ]nmset]mbn Bhnv bmNn-p--h-c-.
\-bn\nv \nsfsmv sNe-h-gn-mepw, Atm \nbw Amlp
AXv Gw Adn-bp--h XsbmIpp.
Am-lp-hns amK-n _n-Xcm-hpI Fp ]d--Xns hnh-, Cv JpB-\ns Bibw ]Tn-p-Ibpw ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNm kabw hn\n-tbm-Kn--emWv.
A-c-m-cn\n-p Zcn-{ZmWv kImpw kZ-Jbpw \Ip--Xn\v apK-W\
\tI- - X v . Ah Am- l p- h n\v thnbp {]h\fn- t es- XpsImv
Xv PohnXkuI-cy- Hcp-p--Xn-\p-thn I-h-S-ntem Irjn-bntem atm
Gs-Sp-hm km[nm--h-cm-Wv. Fm Ah P\--tfmSv bmNn-msXbpw hkv{Xnepw s]cp-am--nepw Cmbva {]I-Sn-n-m-sXbpw am\yamb PohnXw \bn-ph-cpam-Wv. Cm-c-W-m Adn-hn-m P\ Ah {]am-Wn-am-cm-Wv, Ahv kImn\pw kZ-Jpw Al-X-bn Fp IcpXpw. Fm Am-lp-hp-ambn _-sv
Pohn-p hnizm-kn-I Ahsc Xncn--dn-bpw. kZ-Jbpw kImpw kzoI-cn-m
\_npw IpSpw- _ - n\pw A\p- h mZ- a n- . Fm K\o- a v apX- e ns Ansemn\npw Pohn-Xmh-iy- \nd-th-p--Xn-\p-thn Ahv kzoI-cn-m-hp-XmWv. K\o-av apXen\nv \nv Fv e`nmepw AXns An-semcp`mKw
Am-lp-hn-\pw {]hm-N-I-\pap-XmWv{]hm-N-Is ASp IpSpw_n\pw, A\m-YIpw AK-Xn-Ipw, hgn-bm-{X-mpw. Am-lp-hnepw, cp kwL- Gp-apnb kXym-kXyhnth-N\\mfn (_Zv Zn\-n) \mw \psS ASn-a-bpsSta Cd-sXnepw \n hniz-kn-p--h-cm-sW-n Fv A^m: 41 -]-d-n-pv.
(liv: 79 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 215 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
A_-Jd (2)
267
274. X-fpsS [\w cm-I t`Z-at\y cl-ky-ambpw ]c-ky-ambpw sNe-h-gn-p-hv Ah-cpsS \mY\n\nv X-Xmb {]Xn-^-e-ap-v. AhcpsSta
`b-s-Smt\m Ahv ZpxJn-mt\m CS-h-cn-I-bn-.
d-AvZv: 22-, X-fpsS lrZ-bw-sImv Hman-p-- _pnamam-, X-fpsS \mYs
apJw ktm-j-tm-Sp-IqSn Ip-ap--W-sav B{K-ln-p-sImv a Ah-ew-_n-p--hcpw, \a-kvImcw apd-{]-Imcw \ne-\np--hcpw, Ahv \In-b-Xn\nv cl-kyambpw ]c-ky-ambpw sNe-h-gn-p--h-cpw, Ghpw \-Xp-sImv (Jp-BsIm-v) Xnsb
XS-bp--h-cp-amWv, Aq-mWv \ ]cyh-km-\-amb kzK-ap-Xv Fp-]-d-n-p-v.
hnizm-kn-I-fmb Fs ASn-a-I-tfmSv ]d-bpI: \a-kvImcw \ne-\nm\pw, {Ib-hn{I-b \S-m, kplrZv _-- D]-tbm-K-s-Sm Hcp-\m Ahv hcp-Xn\papmbn \mw \In-b-Xn\nv cl-ky-ambpw ]c-ky-ambpw sNe-h-gn-pI Fv
C_vdm-low: 31 Amlp Iev]n-p-p. ^mXzn: 29-, \n-b-ambpw Am-lp-hns
{Kw Xnem-hv sNp-I-bpw, ]ns \a-kvImcw \ne-\np-I-bpw, Ahv \mw \InbXv cl-ky-ambpw ]c-ky-ambpw sNe-h-gn-p-Ibpw sNp--h-cp--tm, Ah \-sSm Hcp I-h-S-amWv B{K-ln-p-Xv Fp-]-d-n-p-v (\lv: 75 Iqn-hm-bnpI).
_Jd: 38,175,262 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
275. Fm ]eni Xnp--h, ]nim-Nns _m[-tbv {`mv ]nSn-pIn-S-p-
h Fgp-tp-Xp-t]m-se-b
- msX Fgp-tp-Ib
- n-. AXv, Xobm
bpw I-hSw ]en-i-sb-tmseXsbm-Ip-p Fh ]d--Xp-sIm-mWv.
Fm Amlp I-hSw A\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-p-Ibpw ]eni \njn--am-pIbpw sNbvXn-cn-p-p. Atm Xs dns kZp-]-tZiw hsp-Ibpw
B ]en-i-bn-S-]m-Sp-I-fn\nv hnc-an-p-Ibpw sNbvX-h\v apv A\p-`hn-Xp-v. Ahs Imcyw Am-lp-hnem-Ip-p. (Xm-oXv e`n-X
- n\p tijhpw)
Bsc-nepw ]cn[n ewLn-m, Aq- Xs-bmWv \c-I-hm-kn-I. Ahc-Xn \nXy-hm-kn-I-fp-am-Ip-p.
]eni CS-]m-Sp-I ]nim-Nn \n-p-XmIp-p. ]eni IW-p-Iqn cm{Xn Iptd
Ignv Dd-p Ah, Ddw t]mb-Xp-sImv -cm-hnse Fgp-tv PohnX hyh-lm-c
-fn {]th-in-m hfsc {]bm-ks
- -Spw. {ItaW Ddw Xosc \-s-Sp-Ibpw Nnbpw
kqva-XbpanmsX {`m-m-cpsS Pohn-X-co-Xn-bn-tev B]-Xn-p--Xp-am-Wv. \-n
]psImmsX em`wam{Xw kzoI-cn-p-sImv I-h-S-n ]ptNcepw ]eni hmp-Xp-t]m-se-s \njn--am-Wv. Fm I-hSw Amlp A\p-h-Zn-n-cn-pp. Ih-S-n \w hcm-Xn-cn-m-\p {]m-\bpw hnp-ho-gvNbpw Dmbncn-pw, a\p-jyv
Bh-iy-ap DXv]- Fn-p-sIm-Sp-p-I F tkh-\-n\p {]Xn-^-e-amWv
I-hSn\n-p em`w. Fm ]Wn\v, em`\- ]cn-K-Wn-m-sX- \nnX
tXmXn \n-_ambn CuSm-p--XmWv ]en-i. AXn {]m-\tbm P\-p
tkh-\ {]h-\
- tem \w-h
- mep hnp-ho-gvNtbm Dmhp-Ibn. ]eni hmepw
sImSp-epw kmn\np--Xp-samw Amlp \njn--am-n-bn-cn-p-p.
bq\pkv: 57-, a\p-jy-tc, \nv \n-fpsS dn-\n-p auC-fzv hpInn Fp]d--Xn\nv Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-amWv auC-fzv Fp a\-n-em-mw.
268
JpB\ns Bmhv
ChnsS ]en-i-sb-p-dn-p hn[nI AS-nb kq--fmWv auC-fzv. B hn[n-I

hcp--Xn\papv, ]en-i-bn\nv A\p-`-hn-Xns t]cn Am-lp-hn-t\mSv tJZnp aSp-Ibpw, C\n ap--h ]eni CS-]m-Sp-I-fn apgp-Im-Xn-cn-mthn Ahv JpB kq- ]d-p-sIm-Spv Ahsc AXn\nv ]nn-cn-nm {ianpIbpamsW-n apv A\p-`-hn-Xv Ah\v ambvpsImSp-p--Xm-Wv. Jp-B-\n-eqsS Am-lphns hn[n-hn-e-p-I Inn-b-Xn\ptijw Bsc-nepw ]eni CS-]m-Sn Gsm
Ah \c-I-n \nXy-hm-kn-I-fm-bn-cn-pw. An-km-Av: 29 hnizm-kn-Itf, \n
\n-fpsS [\w ]c-kv]cw Xr]vXn-s I-h-S-n-eq-sS-b-msX Xn-cp-Xv Fp-]-d-np-v. (au-C-f-ns hni-Zo-I-cWn\v _Jd: 66 t\mp-I). _Jd: 39,257 hni-Zo-IcWw
t\mp-I.
276. Amlp ]en-isb \in-n-p-Ibpw Zm\-[-sf hfp-Ibpw sNpp. Ip-hm-fn-I-fmb \nsI Hcm-sfbpw Amlp C-s-Sp-pan-.
Adqw: 39-, P\--fpsS [\w hn-n-p-Xn\pthn \n ]en-ibn\nv
\Ip HpwXs Am-lp-hns ] hn-p-n- (sIm-Sp-p-h\pw hmp-h\pw hn-p-n-s-w) Fm \n Am-lp-hns Xr]vXn Dt-in-psImv
kImn\nv \Ip GsXmpw Ahv [mcmfw aS-p-I-fmbn hn-npsImSpp-Xm-Wv. sFnI Zm\w am{Xta Cc-n-nv e`np-I-bp-q F-Xn-\m Cu kqn ]d kImpsIm-p-t-in-p-Xv sFnI Zm\-am-Wv. \n_--Zm\w Zcn-{ZcpsS Ah-Im-i-amWv. AXv \IpIhgn in-bn\nv c-s-SpI am{X-ta-bpq.
ùXnI Zrn-bn, ]eni hmp-I-hgn [\w IqSp-X e`n-pIbpw, kImv
\Iptm Ipd-bp-IbpamWv sNp--Xv. kImv Amlp C-s--Xm-b-Xp-sImv
imnbpw kam-[m-\hpw k-n h-\hpw Ah {]Zm\w sNpw. Fm ]eni
]nim-Nn\n-p--Xpw Amlp \njn--am-n-bXpamb-Xn-\m imnbpw kam-[m-\-hpan-mXmp-I-bpw, kzmXbpw Zp\n-bm-hn-t\m-Sp Xzcbpw hn-np-Ibpw sNpw.
Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-ssmv Inta Hcp aqSn-bp-- Bbn-c-n sXmm-bncn
sXmq-n-sbm-Xn\pw CXv a\-n-em-hp-I-bn-. Ccw Im^n-dp-ImWv hn[n-Zn-h-kn \cIw ASp-n-pI Fv Ilv^v: 101-epw, CtZn\w \ns DmgvN-bn-t-epm-bn-cp aqSn Zqco-I-cn-n-cn-pp, Atm \n\v Fmw XojvW-ambns ImWmhp--Xm-Wv Fv Jm^v: 22-epw ]d-n-p-v. Dm-gvN-Zm-b-I-amb "_kzm-C' D]-tbmK-s-Sp-p-- hnizm-kn-Iv am{Xta Cu hkvXpX a\-n-em-hp-I-bp-q (A-Bw: 104
Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
277. \nbw hniz-kn-p-Ibpw k- {]hn-p-Ibpw \a-kvImcw
\ne-\np-Ibpw kwkvIc
- W {]h\w sImp-hcnIbpw sNp-hv
X-fpsS dn- Ahp {]Xn-^-e-ap-v. AhcpsS-ta `b-s-Smt\m
Ahv ZpxJn-mt\m CS-h-cnI-bn-.
Jp-B-\ns hn[n-hn-e-p-I \S-n-em-emWv k-smpt-in-p-Xv. Jp-B-\n\n-p Hcp]Zw \ymbo-I-cn-p {]hrn-I am{Xta kzoI-cn--sSp k- - f m- h pI- b pq. hnizm- k n- I - f n\nv am{Xta \a- k v I m- c hpw
A_-Jd (2)
269
kImpsamw kzoI-cn--s-SpI-bp-q. sXm-Sn-I-fmb I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifn\nv Hpw

kzoI-cn-sSpI-bn-, ImcWw Ah Am-lp-hns\bpw dkq-ens\bpw Jp-B-\n aqSns-hXp-sImpw, \akvIm-cntev a\-anma\-tmsS aSn-b-m-cm-bn hcp--Xp-sImpw,
shdp-tm-Sp-IqSn am{Xw [\w sNe-h-gn-p--Xp-sIm-p-amWv Fv Xu_: 5354 ]d-np-v. Cu kq-n\npw \a-kvIm-chpw kImpw ]pWy-I-a-, adnv Ah
\n_ I-fm-sWv a\-n-em-mw (Ankm-Av: 142-143, Aam-Du: 4 Iqn-hmbn-p-I) _Jd: 38,186 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I.
278. Hm hnizm-kn-Itf, \n Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-b-n kqn-p-hn, ]eni-bn-\-n _mn-bp-Xv \n Hgn-hmp-I\n hnizm-kn-IXs-bm-sW-n.
hnizm-knItf Fp hnfn-p-sImv XpS-p-I-bpw, \n hnizm-knI-fm-sW-n
Fp-]d
-
p-sImv Ah-km-\n-p-Ibpw sNp cp kq-f
- nsemv Cu kqhpw
asmv amCZ: 57 amWv. Cu cv kq--fpw Iqn-hm-bn-p-tm ]eni CS-]m-Sp-I
\S-p--h hnizm-kn-I-f-s-pw, A-c-m-cp-ambn hnizm-kn-Iv bmsXmcp _hpw
]mSn-spw a\-n-em-m-hp--Xm-Wv. _Jd: 260267 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
279. Atm \n As\ sNp-n-s-n, Am-lp-hn\npw Ahs
ZqX-\n\npap bp-{]-Jym-]\w tIp-sIm-p-hn. C\n \n tJZnp
aS-p-I-bm-sW-n \n A{Iaw {]hn-m-sXbpw A{I-an--s-SmsXbpw \nv \n-fpsS aqe-[-\-ap-v.
Cu Bbv Cdn ]eni ]qambn \ntcm-[n-Xv "l-p hnZm-C' BWv.
\_n(-k) Xs Ffm-bmb Am-kv(d)\v Inm-\p ]en-i-bmWv BZyw \ntcm-[npsImv hnfw-_cw sNbvX-Xv. ]en-i-bn Gs-Sp apkvensf Ckvem-anI `c-Wm[n-Im-cn-I h[n--W-sa \nb-ahpw \S-nhcpn. AXmWv Am-lp-hn\npw
Ahs dkq-en\n-p-apbpw- FXpsImpt-in-p--Xv.Ben-Cw-dm: 130 Hm
hnizm-kn-Itf, \n ]eni Ccn-n-np Cc-n-np Xn cpXv, \n Am-lp-hns\
kqn-p-I--\n- hnPbw hcn-p--h-cm-IWw F-Xn-\p-thn Fp]d-bp-p. PqXm Ah-tcmSv hntcm-[n--sncp ]eni hmpIbpw P\--fpsS [\w Ahn-ln-X-ambn Xnp-Ibpw Am-lp-hns amKn\nv P\-sf [mcm-f-ambn XS-bpIbpw sNbvXv
A{I-an-Ifm-bXpsImv Ahv A\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-bn-cp ]cn-ip--amb ]e `-W-fpw
Ah-cpsS Ic--fmXs Amlp \njn--am-p-I-bp-m-bn Fpw, Ccw \ntj-[nIv thZ-\m-P-\-I-amb in-bmWv Hcp-n-sh-n-p--sXpw An-km-Av: 160161
]d-bp-p.
Cv Fm Xn-I-fnepw PqX-msc ]nn-em-n-smv apt-dn-sm-n-cn-p
apkvenX-s-bmWv ]en-i-bnepw ap]-n-bnsev ImWmw. ap--h anX-amb
_mv ]eni hmp--h-cm-sW-n apkven tUv ]eni hmp--h-cpw sImSp-p-h-cp-ambn A[x]-Xn-n-cn-p-p. Cv P\-sf sImpXnp ab-p-a-cpv I-h-Sw,
I--Sv, ]qgvn-sh-v, IpgWw XpSn Fm {]h-\-fnepw, P\--fpsS
[\w Ahn-ln-X-ambn Xnp- A-hn-izm-k-fnepw Ghpw IqSp-X apgp-In-bncn-p-
270
JpB\ns Bmhv
Xv apkvenfm-Wv. Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-am-Ip {]Imiw D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-msX Ccpn Ign-bp-h-cm-I-bm kn-m-cp-sSbpw ]ptcm-ln-X-m-cp-sSbpw Nqj-W-n\p Ghpw
IqSp-X hnt[-b-am-IpXpw Cu P\X Xs-bmWv Fp ImWmw. "\n A{I-anmsXbpw A{I-an--s-Sm-sXbpw' Fp]d--Xns hnh-, \n-fpsS aqe-[\w
\nv \-s-Smhn[w Xcm-\p--hs\ _pn-ap-n-msX \ \nev {ItaW Ah\n\nv hmm-hp--XmWv Fpw, apIm-e--fn ]eni hmn-b-Xn\v Am-lp-hnt\mSv s]mdp--ens\ tXS-Ww Fp-am-Wv. _Jd: 188,261 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
280. ]en-iv ]Ww hmn-b-h (aqe-[\w Xncnp\Im) {]bm-k-ap--h-\msW-n, Ah\v Ffp--am-Ip--Xp-hsc kmh-Imiw \tI--Xm-Wv. \n
AXv Zm\- a mbn \Ip- I - b m- s W- n AXmWv \nv Ghpw
Daw\n Adn-hp--h-cm-sW-n.
kv Amlp \Ip--Xm-Wv F t_m[-n ]eniv ]Ww hmn-bhs m\v Rm\pw BIm-a-tm, F\npw B Ah hcm-atm Fp IcpXn
Ah\v kmh--Imiw \In Xs k-tlm-Z-cs `mcw eLq-Icnp-I-bpamWv hnizmknI
sNtXv. C\n Ah\v Xncn-p-X-cm _pn-ap-m-sWv ImWp-I-bm-sW-n Fmw
Am-lp-hn-s-XmWv Fv a\-n-em-n-smv AXv (aqe-[\wXs) Ah\v Zm\ambn
hnp-sIm-Sp-p-I-bmWv Ghpw D-aw. Atm am{X-amWv A-h Jp-B\ns Bibw
Adn-bp--hcpw AXns\ kXy-s-Sp-p-hcp-am-IpXv (A-ss: 15 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
Xs ktlm-Z-cs Hcp `mcw Cd-n-sh-m Jnbm-ap\mfn Amlp Ahs `mchpw
Cd-n-sh-p-sapw, \n `qan-bn-ep--h-tcmSv IcpW ImWn-p-I-bm-sW-n BIm-ip--h \n-tfmSpw IcpW ImWn-p-sapw \_n(-k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. _Jd: 271-273
281. \n Am-lp-hn--tev aS-s
- -Sp HcpZn\s kqn-p-Ibpw sNpI.
]ns Fm Hmtcm \^vkn\pw AXv km-Zn--Xn-\v ]cn-]qambn {]Xnêw \I-s-Sp-X
- m-Ip-p. Ah- A\oXn ImWn-s
- -Sp-hcm-hp-Ibpan.
\_n (-k) acn-p--Xns HXpZnhkw apmWv Cu kqw Cd-n-b-Xv. CXmWv
Ah-km\and-nb ]q-amb kqw. Pohn-X-eyw a\-n-emn ChnsS kzKw
]WnXv B ]WnX kzK-n-tev Xncn-p-t]m-I-emWv ac-Ww. bYm PohnXw AhnsS
kzKn imiz-X-ambncnp-sapw, Xncnpt]mIp B Zn\s Ftmgpw HmWsapw Amlp a\p-jy-sc DWp-I-bm-Wv. R Am-lp-hn\nv h-hcpw Ah\n-tepXs Xncnpt]mtI--hc-- p-am-sWv a\-km--hm-Nm--IWm {]Jym-]n-p
hnizm-kn-I am{X-ta Cu kXyw Hmn-p-Ibpw ]men-p-I-bpapq. kzKhpw \cIhpw Ah-c-h X-s-bmWv kmZnp--sXv Cu kqhpw ]Tn-n-p-p. Ben-Cw
dm: 25,161, A-Bw: 160, bq\p-kv: 47,54, \lv: 111, apAvan\q: 62, kpa: 69, Pmknb: 22,
AlvJm-^v: 19 XpS-nb kq--fpw Ah-km-\n-p--Xv, "Ah A\oXn ImWns-Sph-cmhpI-bn-' F Bi-b-n-em-Wv. _Jd: 28,177,254,261,274 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Amlp-th, Rv kXyw kXy-ambn ImWnpXcn-Ibpw, AXv ]n]-m
Rsf A\p-{K-ln-p-Ibpw sNt-Wt- a. anYy anYy-bmbn ImWnpXcn-Ibpw, AXv hn-
A_-Jd (2)
271
m Rsf A\p-{K-ln-p-Ibpw sNt-W-ta. Rsf \o JpB ]n]-thn[w

]n]-p ap-Jo-fm-t-W-ta. Am-lp-th, R hnkva-cnnp Imcy--sfmw
XXz-k-q-amb Jp-B-\ns BibwsImv Rsf Hmn-n-t-W-ta. Am-lpth,
\o Rsf k-\
- f
- n tNp-Ibpw, acn-p ka-bv, k-kzhpw \n\v Anv
P\n-X
- p-t]mse \njvf
-
- c
- mbn acn-n-pIbpw \ns al-mb ImcpWywsImv ]pWymm--tfm-sSmw kzK-n {]th-in-n-p-Ibpw sNt--W-ta. Hm IcpW sNp--hcn Ghpw IcpW sNp--h-t\.
282. Hm hnizm-kn-I-tf, \n \nn-X-amb Ah[nshv IS-an-S-]mSv \S-p-Ibm-sW-n \n AXv Fgp-Xn-sh-pI. \oXn-]qw Hcp Fgp-p-Im-c
\nn-S-bn AXv Fgp-X-s. Hcp Fgp-p-Im-c\pw Amlp Ahs\
]Tn-n--Xp-t]mse Fgp-Xm hnk--Xn--cp-Xv. Atm Ah Fgp-X-s.
BcpsStaenemtWm _m[yX (ISw hmp--h) Ah ]d-p-sIm-Spp-Ibpw sN-s. Ah Xs DS-abmb Am-lp-hns\ kqn-p-Ibpw,
AXn\nv Hpw Ipdhphcp-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sN-s. C\n ISw hmp-h Ahn-th-Intbm Zp-et\m, As-n ]d-p-sIm-Sp-m Ign-hnm--ht\m BsW-n Atm Ahs cm-[n-Imcn \oXn-]qw ]dp-sIm-Sp-s
- . \n-fn\np cv ]pcp-j
- msc \n kmnIfmbn
\n-p-Ibpw sNp-I. Atm C\n kmn-I-fmbn cv ]pcp-j-m-cn-sn Hcp ]pcp-j\pw kmn-I-fmbn \n C-s-Sp cp kv{XoIfpw
kmywhln--sAh- cnsemcph sXnnsSpI-bm-sW-n a
h-fm Hmn-n--s-Sp--Xn-\p-th-n-bm-Wn-Xv. kmn-Ifmbn hnfn--s
m hnk-Xw {]I-Sn-n--cp-Xv. sNdn-b-Xm-sW-n-epw hen-b-Xm-sW-nepw
AXns Ah[nhsc AXv tcJ-s-Sp-m \n aSn--cp-Xv. AXmWv
Am-lp-hnsbSp- Ghpw \oXn-]q-IambXpw, kmyw\ne-\np- X n\pw \n kwi- b n- m- X n- c n- m- \ pw \nv Ghpw\- X pw.
\nn-S-bn sdm-ambn km[m-cW \S-p I-h-S-sam-gnv, Atm
AXv FgpXn shm-Xn-cn-p--Xn \n-fpsSta hntcm[-an-. Fm
\n I-hSanS-]m-Sp-I \S-p-tm kmnIsf \nWw. Hcp
kmntbm Hcp Fgp-p-Im-ct\m D]-{Z-hn--s-Sm-hp--Xpa-. \n
As\ sNpI-bm-sW-n Atm \nbw \n-fn Im]-Sy-apv.
\n lrZ-b-n Am-lp-hns\ kqn-p-hn. Amlp \nv
]Tn-npXcn-I-bmIpp. Am-lp- FmImcy--fp-a-dn-bp k-
\patm.
Cu Bb-mWv "Bb-p-ss'(IS-an-S-]m-Sn-s\-p-dnv {]Xn]mZn-p kqw)
F t]cn-e-dn-b-s-Sp Jp-B-\nse Ghpwhenb kqw. Amlp ]Tn-n-Xpt]mse
\oXn-]qw Fgp-XWw Fp ]d--Xns hnh-, Fm Adn-hp-Ifpw Am-lp-hn\np--Xm-Wv Fpw Amlp Fmw hon-p-pv Fpw, HcpZnhkw A-hs apn
Dcw ]d-tb-n-hcpsapap t_m[-n Ah ]Tn-n B Adnhv ap krnIv KpW-{]-Z-amb coXn-bn \oXn-]qw D]-tbm-K-s-SpWsamWv. ]Ww kzoIcn-p B, \Ip Bv AXn bmsXmcp \hpw a\-{]-bm-khpw hcmhw
272
JpB\ns Bmhv
]Ww Xncn-p-In-m-\p Fm hyh--Ifpw Fgp-n Fgp-Xm ]d-p-sIm-Sp--W-samWv "Ah Xs DS-abmb Am-lp-hns\ kqn-p-Ibpw, AXn\nv Hpw
Ipdhphcp-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sN-s' Fp]d--Xns hnh-.
hnizm-kn-I-fmb cv ]pcp-j-msc kmn-I-fmbn \nm Inn-bn-s-n Hcp
]pcpjs\bpw \n Xr]vXn-s-Sp cv kv{XoI-sfbpw kmn-I-fm-pI Fp ]d-Xp-sImv kv{XoI hnizm-kn-\n-I-fm-I-W-sa- D]m[nbnsphcp-p. Hcp ]pcpjs m\v cv kv{XoIsf kmn-bmbn \nm ]d-XpsImv Hcp-h
sXn-s
- -Sp-Ib
- m-sW-n a-hf
- m HmsSp-m thn-bmWv. s]mXpsh kv{XoI
òj-WnIpw {]tem-`-\-pw ap- t{]c-WIpw hnt[-b-ambn hio-I-cn--sv
kmyw]d-bm-Xn-cn-mt\m As-n kmyw amn--d-bmt\m CS-h-cm-Xn-cn-m- thnWnXv. hnizm-kn-\n-I-fmb kv{XoI Hcn-epw sXn--s-Sp-I-bn-Xs. Alv: 97
Amlp ]d-bpp: \n-fn BWm-bn-cn-s s]m-bn-cn-s Bscm-cp-h hnizmkn-bm-bn-smv Jp-B-\ns hn[n-hn-e-p-I \S-n-em-p-pthm, Ahsc \mw Cu
temI-p-Xs ]cn-ip--amb Hcp PohnXw \bn-n-p-Ibpw ]c-n Ah-cpsS Ghpw
\ {]h-\w t\mn {]Xn-êw \Ip-Ibpw sNpw (BenCwdm: 195, An-km-Av:
124, apAvan: 40 Iqnhm-bn-p-I). Cu kq--fn\nv hnizm-kn-\n-I-fmb kv{XoIfpw
]pcp-j-mcpw Xpey-cm-sWpw hnizm-kn-\n-I-fmb kv{XoI hyXn-N-en--s-Sp-I-bn-spw
a\-n-em-mw. Fm, An-km-Av: 34, Aq: 31, Alvkm_v: 59 Fo kq--fp-sS
Iev-\-I am\nv hnizm-kn-\n-Ifmb kv{XoIsf kmn\np--Xn\pw apw s]mXpcwKv sImp-h-cm hnizm-kn-Iv ]mSn-. AXp-sIm-mWv \n Xr]vXn-s-Sp
cv kv{XoIsf kmn\ndp-pI Fp]d--Xv.
sNdptXm heptXm Bb Imcy--sfmw FgpXn sh-emWv ]noSv `mhn-bn
kwi-b--fp-m-Im-Xn-cn-m\pw kmyw \ne\nm\pw Ghpw \ymbhpw \oXn-]qI-hp-amb amKw. km[m-cW sdm-ambn \S-p CS-]m-Sp-I-fn Fgp-Xn-sh--W-sa-n.
Fm kmywhlnn--W-sav ]d-Xv, hnbm Am-lp-hns\ `b-s-SmsX hnXv
\ntj-[n-m-Xn-cn-m\pw, hmn-b Bv AXn \w kw`hnmXn-cn-m-\p-amWv Fv
a\-n-em-m-hp--Xm-Wv. am{X-a, hmnb B ]noSv km[\w tami-am-bn-cpp Fv
]d-bm-Xn-cn-m-\pw, ap IS-I-fn\nv hmnb tami-s km[-\- hmm ISbn sImp-t]mbn Xncn-t]nv ]Ww hmpIh-gn ]Ww sImSp-p I-h-S-m-c
I_-fn-n--s-Sm-Xn-cn-m-\p-sa-mw thnbm-W-Xv. kmnIsfbpw Fgp-p-Im-scbpw
_pn-ap-n-p hn[-n, CS-]m-Sp-I-fn hyh--I ]men-m--h I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw PohnXw \-s--hcpambno-cpsav kqw ap-dn-bnv \Ip-p.
Cm-ev km[-\--fpsS hniZhnh-c--f-S-p _n, dko]vv, sNv XpS-nbh Cu kmn-I-fpsS m\v ]cn-K-Wn-m-hp--Xm-Wv. aqp t]cpsS {]m\v
Dcw Inp-I-bn-sv \_n (-k) ]Tn-n-p. (1) Zpkz-`m-hn-bmb `mcysb hnhm-l-tam-N\w
sNmsX \ne-\n-dp-ph. (2) Cu kqs Ah-K-Wn-psImv ISanS-]m-Sp-I-
FgpXnshm--h. (3) {]mb-]qn-bmbn ]IzX {]m]n-p-Xn\papv A\m-Y-Iv
Ah-cpsS kzv Xncnp\In D-c-hm-Zn--n\nv Hgn-hm-Ip--h. Atm Cu
kqw ]cn-K-Wnv ISwhmepw sImSp-epw Ckvem-an C_m-Z-m-Wv. ISw hop--
A_-Jd (2)
273
Xn-\p-thn Ftmgpw {]mn-m \_n(-k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. A-m-lp-th, R-fpsS

DS-a-bmb \mYm, R-fp-sS _pn-ap-pIsf Ffp--am-n--tc-W-ta, R-fpsS Imcy {]bm-k-c-lnX-am-n--tc-W-ta, R-fpsS {]Xnk-n-Isf \o AI-t-W-ta, RfpsS IS- hom A\p-{K-ln-t-W-ta, R-fpsS tcmK- kpJ-s-Sp-t-W-ta,
R-fpsS Fm kZp-t-iy-fpw ]qn-bm-n--tc-W-ta, Hm Bh-iy-m-cp-sS Bh-iy \nd-th-n-sm-Sp-p--h-t\.
Imcy-amb IS--sfm-p-an-m \_n (-k) ]e-tmgpw Cs\ {]mn--Xmbn
ImWmw. Fm hkvXp--fp-sSbpw B[n-]Xyw BcpsS lkvX-n-emtWm Ah AXoh
]cn-ip--\-s{X. Ah Fm-hpw A`bw \Ip-p. Aht\m Bcpw A`bw \Ipp-an, Ah Fm-h-scbpw Xoo-tm-pp Ahs\ Bcpw Dup-p-an-, Fm hkvXp-fp-sSbpw ISn-m Ahs In-em-Wv. Ah Fspw kzbw Pohn-n-cn-p-h\pw acn-m--h-\p-am-Wv. Hm Amlv \o AmsX thsd Cemlv C-X-s. \ns
IqSmsX thsd DS-a-bp-an-, \obmWv BZy \n\v apv Hp-an-, \obmWv Ay
\n\ptijw Hp-an-, \obmWv {]Xy- \n\v apI-fn Hp-an-, \obmWv Dn-sbp-n \n\pn Hp-an-. Fs ISw hopIbpw Zmcn-{Zy-n\nv F\nv tamN\w
\In Fs sFiz-cy-hm-\mpIbpw sNt-W-ta.
IS-m-c\mb Ah--bn acn-pI-bm-sW-n, AhcpsS A\--cm-h-Imiw
`mKnp-Xn\papv Ahs IShpw hkzn-pw ho-W-sav AnkmAv: 12- hnhcnnp-v.
283. \n bm{X-bn-em-bn-cn-p-Ibpw IS-{X-sa-gp-Xm Fgp-pIm-cs\ InmXn-cn-p-I-bp-am-sW-n Atm ]Wbw kzoI-cnv CS-]mSp\S-p-I.
\n ]c-kv]cw hniz-knv Fs-nepw Aam-\v Gn-m B Aam\v Gs-Sp--h AXv Gn--hv Xncnp \tI--Xm-Ip-p. Ah
Xs DS-a-bmb Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-b-n kqn-p-Ibpw sN-s.
kmys \n adpsh-cp-Xv. \n-fn-em-sc-nepw B kmys
ad-p-sh-p-I-bm-sW-n \nbw Ahs lrZbn ]m]amWp-Xv.
Amlp \nfpsS {]h\sfpdnv Gw Adn-bp--h- Xsbpam
Ipp.
apAv-an-\q: 8, aB-cnPv: 32 kq--fn, hnPbw hcn-p hnizm-kn-I-fpsS kz`mhw,
Ah Ah-cpsS Aam-\-p-Ifpw Ah-cpsS Icm-dp-Ifpw DS--Sn-I-fp-samw apdpsInSn-p-hcpw ]men-p--h-cp-am-sWv ]d-n-p-v. An-km-Av: 58- hnizm-kn-Isf hnfn-v,
\nbw Amlp \n-tfmSv Aam-\v AXns Ah-Im-in-Iv Xncnp\I-W-sapw,
P\-n-S-bn hn[n Iev]n-p-I-bm-sW-n \oXn-]qw hn[n-W-sapw Iev]n-np-v. A-p-Jm: 18, ^n-Hu-\n-tev \ntbm-Kns aqkm \_n AhnsSsv ]dp:
Am-lphns ASn-a-Isf F\nv hnp-X-cn-I, \nbw Rm \n-fn-tev Ab-s
hniz-kvX-\mb ZqX Xs-bmIpp Fv. A^m: 27-, hnizm-kn-Isf hnfnv
Amlp ]d-bpp: hnizm-kn-I-tf, \n Adn-hp--h-cm-bn-cn-s, Am-lp-hn-s\bpw
Ahs ZqX-s\-bpw, \n-fpsS Aam-\-p-Isfbpw hn--cpXv. Alvkm_v: 72-,
\nbw Aam-\v Amlp BImi`qan-I-fpsSbpw ]-X--fpsSbpwt\sc \on-sbpw,
274
JpB\ns Bmhv
Ah AXv kzoI-cn-m hnk--XnpIbpw AXns Imcy-n InSnew sImp-Ibpw

sNbvXp, Fm A{I-anbpw hnUvVn-bp-amb a\p-jy-\Xv kzoI-cnp Fpw ]d-bp-p.
hnizm-kw, D-c-hm-Zn--t_m-[w, \n`-bXzw Fs-m-am-Wv Aam-\psImv Dtinp--Xv. Alvkm_v: 72- ]d Aam-\v Jp-B BWv. AXv BIm-i-`q-an-Ifpw
]-X--fp-samw AXns kp-en-X-Xz-n \ne-\nm thn-bp--Xpw samw
a\p-jyp Am-lp-hn\n-p kmK-hpam-Wv. PmXn--a-X--enwK t`Z-sas\y a\pjy-cn-tev AXns Bibw Fnp sImSpv `qan-bn ]c-kv]cw cw NnmsX,
t]mc-Sn-msX, sFIy-s-Sm\pw Ahp \n-bn-n-p Pohn-Xm-h[n ]qn-bm-m\pw
thn a\pjysc DW hnizm-kn-I-fpsS _m[y-X-bm-Wv. Fm Cu Aam-\mb
Jp-B-\ns\ aqSn-sh I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifmb ]pcp-j-mcpw kv{XoIfpw, hnhn[ kwL-S-\I-fmbn ]ncnv apivcn-p-I-fm-bn-o ]pcp-j-mcpw kv{XoIfpw, a\p-jy-cn shv
hniz-kn-m sImmhcpw, Aam-\-p-I Gn-m amhcp-msX Xncnp
XcmhcpamWv. Ch Xs-bmWv Poh-Pm-e--fnshv Ghpw \oN-scv ImWm-hp-Xm-Wv. Ahsc inn-m thn-bpw, hnizm-kn-I-fmb ]pcp-j-mcpw kv{XoIfpw JpB-\ns PohnX \nt-i- a\-n-emn Ign-p-t]mb Ime-fn h sXp-I
Gp-]-dv Am-lp-hn-tev aS-m\pw thn-bmWv Amlp Aam-\-mb Jp-B
Cd-n-b-Xv Fv Alvkm_v: 73- ]d-bp-p (liv: 21 Iq-n-hm-bn-p-I). Ben-Cw-dm:
75, thZ-hn-izm-kn-I-fmb PqXam-cpsS kz`mhw hnh-cn-p-p: Ahsc hniz-knp kns Hcp Iqmcw Gn-m \n\v AXv Xncn-p-X-cp--h-cp-v, Fm hnizknp Hcp Zo\m Gn-m AXp XpS-bmbn tNmZn-n--msX Xncn-p-X-cm--h-cp-apv. B kz`mhw Ah-cn-ep-m-Im ImcWw, \nc--c-cpsS (thZw Adn-bm--h-cp-sS)
Imcy-n X tNmZyw sN-s-Sp-I-bn- F Ah-cpsS P]\wsImpw, Amlp-hns\pdnv a\-qw Ifhv ]d--Xp-sIm-p-amWXv. Cv AapkventfmSv km[mcW apkven-fpsS \ne-]m-Spw, Jp-B ]n]-phtcmSv I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS \ne]mSpw XssYh (Xu_: 67-68, 71-72 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 99,140- hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mpI.
284. BIm-i-fn-ep FmHpw `q-an-bnep FmHpw Am-lp-hn-\p-XmIpp. \n \n- f psS kzw Imcy- n (lr- Z - b - n- e p- - X v )
Fsmv shfn-s-Sp-n-bmepw As-n adpshmepw AXv Amlp
hnNm-c-Wv sImp-h-cn-I-Xs sNpw. Atm Ah Dt-in--hv
Ah s]mdp-p-sIm-Sp-p-I-bpw Ah Dt-in--hsc Ah inn-pIbpw sNp-p. Amlp Fm Imcy-n\pw Ign-hp k-i--\-tm.
amCZ: 120, BIm-i--fp-sSbpw `qan-bp-sSbpw Ah-n-S-bn-ep k-h-kvXp--fpsSbpw B[n-]Xyw Am-lp-hn-\m-Ip-p, Ah Fm-Im-cy-n\pw Ign-hp--h-\p-am-Wv
Fp]d-n-p-v. epJvam: 16-, XXz-m-\n-bmb epJvam Xs aIs\ D]-tZ-in-psImv ]d-bp-I-bm-Wv: Fs aIt\, \nbw \obp-ambn _-s Hcp Imcyw, AXv ISpIp-a-Wn-tbmfw sNdp-Xm-sW-nepw AXv ]md-s-p-IfpsS ASppIn-S-bn-em-sW-nepw
As-n BIm-i--fntem `qan-bntem Fhn-sS-bm-sW-nepwicn Amlp AXv hnNm-cWv sImp-hcpw. \nbw Amlp AXnkqva-m-\nbpw Fmw hebwsNbvX
{XnIme m\n-bp-a-tm. C_vdmlnw: 38-, C_vdmlow \_n (-A) {]mn-p-Xv
A_-Jd (2)
275
C-s\-bmWv: R-fpsS \mYm, \nbw \o R cl-ky-am-p-Xpw ]c-ky-am-pXpw Adn-bp--h Xs-bm-Wv. Am-lp-hn\nv `qan-bntem BIm-i--fntem Hpw
Xs adp \np-n. BenCwdm: 5, \nbw Amlp, Ah-\n\nv `qanbntem BIm-i--fntem D Hpw adncnpn Fp-]-d-n-p-v. ABw: 103, Am-lp-hns\ ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-p-Xv C-s\-bmWv: Zrn-I Ahs\ ImWp-I-bn-,
Fm Zrn-Isf Ah Ip-sIm-n-cn-pp, Ah AXnkqvam\nbpw Fmw
hebwsNbvX {XnIm-e-m-\n-bp-a-tm. Npcp--n Amlp ImWp-n- F t_m[n Jp-B-\ns Hcp]Zw \ymbo-I-cn-m GXp {]hrn, Fhn-sS-shv, Ftm
sNbvXmepw AXv hnNm-c-Wv sImp-h-cp--Xm-Wv. Ckvdm-Av: 1314 kq--f-\p-kcnv Ah-c-h-cpsS I-tcJ ]nc-Sn-bn _n-n-pv Fp]d-bp-p. Hmtcm-cp--cpsSbpw hn[n \n-bnpIgn-n-pv. Jp-B-\ns samw Bi-b-n Am-lp-hns\
Iv Ah-c-hsc Xncn--dnv, kzKhpw \c-Ihpw sXc-s-Sp-p-Xv Ah-c-h XsbmsWv a\-n-emn sXp-Ip-- lrZ-bw-sImv Am-lp-hn-t\mSv Gp]dv inap PohnXw Jp-Bs\ apdpsInSn-v, acn-p-tm Jp-B-\n-eqsS I Am-lp-hns\ ktm-j-tm-Sp-IqSn lrZ-bw-sImv t\mn, kzbw ]WnX kzK-n-tev
Xncnpt]mIp--h-cmWv "\^vkv apXzva-C' (im-nt\Snb Ddp e`n Bm-hv). _Jd:
106-107,255 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
285. {]hm-N-I Xs dn-\npw At-l-n\v Ah-Xcn-s--Xn hnizknnpvhnizm-kn-Ifpw. Fmw Hmtcm-cp-cpw Am-lp-hn-s\-smpw
Ahs ae-p-I-sf-smpw, Ahs {K--sf-smpw, Ahs {]hmN-I-m-sc-smpw, hniz-kn-n-p-v. Ahs {]hm-N-I-m-cn\nv Hcm-fpsSbpanS-bn R hyXymkw Iev]n-p-I-bn. Ah ]d-bp-Ibpw
sNpp: R tIp, R A\p-k-cn-p. R-fpsS \mYm, \o
Rv s]mdppXm-epw, \nn-te-v XsbmWv R-fpsS aSw.
Am-lp-hn-s\-smpw {]hm-NI
-
- m-sc-smpw ae-p-Is
- f-smpw hniz-kn-pI
Fp ]d-m, Jp-B kq- kan-phn[w lrZ-bw-sImv Iv {]hm-NI-m-cpsS Pohn-X-coXn a\-m--hm-Nm--IW A\p-I-cn-em-Wv.
An-km-Av: 136- Amlp hnizm-kn-Isf hnfnv ]d-bpp: hnizm-kn-I-tf, \n
Am-lp-hn-s\-sm-pw, Ahs ZqX-s\-smpw, ZqX\v Ah-X-cn-n {K-nepw,
ZqX\papv Ah-X-cn-n {K-nepw hniz-kn-p-hn. BcmtWm Am-lp-hn-s\bpw,
Ahs ae-p-Is
- fbpw, Ahs thZ-s
- fbpw, Ahs ZqXam-sc-bpw, AyZn-\s
- bpw
Jp-B-\n aqSn-shv \ntj-[n-Xv, Atm Ah Xobmbpw _lp-Zqcw ]ng-p-t]mbn-cn-p-p. "InXm_v'F-Xns _lp-h-N-\-amb "IpXp_v' F ]ZamWv ChnsS D]tbm-Kn-n-p--Xv. {K--sf-smv hniz-kn-pI Fp]d-m, \mep {K-fpw
]e GSp-Ifpw hn-pv Fv hniz-kn--e-, adnv H {K-amb Jp-B am{Xta
hn-pq, AXns icocw hnhn[ `mj-I-fnemsWn Bmhv (An-Iv) HpXsbmWv. _Jd: 2,213 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
Fm Cv, Amlp h[n-, aqp kq--fn-eqsS hnizm-kn-I-fpsS kwLtmSv h[n-m Iev]n--s a\p-jy-n-im-Np--fmb ap\m-^n-Jp-I AP--hpw, AXp-
276
JpB\ns Bmhv
eyhpw, Ghpw henb apAv-Pn-k-pamb Cu Jp-B-\ns Bibw aqSn-sh-p-Ibpw,

X-fpsS CwKn-X-n-\-\p-k-cnv hfsmSnp-Ibpw, Amlp Dt-in eywsXnv
D-cn-p-Ibpw sNbvXv, A-hn-izm-k-fpw A\m-Nm-c-fpw Cu kap-Zm-b-nsta
shp-sIn `qansb \in-n-p-sIm-n-cn-p-I-bm-Wv. An-km-Av: 145-, ac-W-tmSpIqSn
Cq- hnNm-cWbnmsX \c-I-ns ASn--n-tev t]mIp-sav ]d-n-p-v. {]hmN-I-mn-S-bn R-sfmcp hyXym-khpw Iev]n-p-n Fp]d--Xv, _-Jd: 253, \mw {]hm-N-I-m-cn Nnev ap-Nn-e-tc-m t{ijvTX \In-bn-pv Fp]d-Xn\p hncp--a-. t{ijvTX \Ip-Xv Am-lp-hm-Wv. ChnsS ]d-Xv hnizm-knI {]hm-N-I-mn-S-bn Hcp hyXym-khpw Iev]n-p-I-bn Fm-Wv. AY-hm, Fm
{]hm-N-I-mcpw GI-\mb Am-lp-hn-\m Ahs\ ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-p--Xn\pthn \ntbmKn-s
- -h
- c
- m-sW-pw, Ah-scmw hnizm-kn-If
- m-sWpw, Am-lp-hns kwL-amb (Amlp, {]hm-N-I-m, hnizmknI) GI kwL-nse AwK-fm-sWpw hniz-kn-emWv (am-CZ: 55,56, kzm^mv: 111,122,132, apPmZne: 22, ap\m-^n-Jq: 8 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
"\n-n-te-mWv R-fpsS aSw' Fp]d-bp-tm Am-lpth RfpsS aSw
\o kzK-n-te-m-t-W-ta, \c-I-n-te-m--cp-tX Fv {]mn-tXmWv. Fm
a\p-jycpw hXv kzKn\nmWv (_-Jd: 38). C\n kzK-n-tev Xncn-p-t]m-Im\p-t-in-p--h Jp-B-\ns samw Bi-b-amb SnsSp--Ww (Ckm: 29, apkn: 19). _Jd: 35,126,136139 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
286. Hcp Bm-hn-s\bpw AXn\v hln-m Ign-bm-Xv Amlp GnpIbn-, Ahv Ah km-Zn \-I-fp-v. Ahv Ah kmZn Xn-I-fp-ap-v. R-fpsS \mYm, R ad-p-sImtm As-n
A_--ntem sNbvX sXp-I-fpsS t]cn Rsf \o ]nSn-Iq-S-cptX.
R-fpsS \mYm, R-fpsS apKm-an-I-fpsSta \o hln-n--Xp-t]m-ep
`mc- RfpsSta \o hln-n-t, R-fpsS \mYm, Rv
Xmm Ign-bmsXmpw Rsf \o hln-n--t, R-sfsXmv \o
hnSpXn sNbvXm-epw, Rv \o s]mdp-p-X-m-epw, R-tfmSv IcpW
ImWn-mepw, \obmWv RfpsS bP-am-\-, Atm kXyw aqSn-sh-p
P\-X-bpsS ta Rsf \o klm-bn-t-W-ta.
"Ahv Ah km-Zn' Fp]d--Xnse "Ah'\^vkm-Wv. Bmhv
BWn\pw s]n\pw Hp-X-s-bm-Wv. Jp-B \^vkns\ kv{Xoenw-K-n-emWv D]tbm-Kn-np-Xv (-ABw: 104,164, ^Pv: 27-30, Awkv: 710). kzKhpw \c-Ihpw
BWmbmepw s]mbmepw Hmtcm-cp-cpw km-Zn-t--Xm-sWv Cu kqhpw ]Tnn-p-p. (AAvdm^v: 35-42, A^m: 50-51, bq\pkv: 108, Ckvdm-Av: 13-15, lv: 10,
^mXzn: 18, kpa: 7 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
Jp-B\
- ns Bibw lrZbwsImv a\-n-em-m-\mWv hfsc Ffp-a
- m-n-bn-pXv
Fv kqd: Jadn \mep-{]m-hiyw Bhnp ]d-n-cn-p-p. ChnsS Hcp Bmhn\pw AXn\v hln-m Ign-bm-Xv G]n-n-n Fpw]dncnp-p. kzKn krn a\p-jyv Amlp Jp-B\
- ns Bibw ]Tn-nnpv Fv Adlvam:
14 kq--fn ]d-n-p-v (_Jd: 28 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). Jnbma: 1415 kq-
A_-Jd (2)
277
a-\p-k-cnv, a\pjy\v Ah-s\-p-dnv icnpw ImgvN-m-Spspw (Ah Im-^n-dmtWm

apAvan\mtWm Fv) Ah Fv HgnI-gnhv ]d-npw Imcy-an- Fpw ]d-n-p-v.
Jp-B Inn-bnv D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-mh acn-p ka-bv "\nbw R Im^ndm-bn-cpp' Fv kzbw kmy-s-Sp-p-sav AAvdm^v: 37epw, hn[n-Zn-hkw C{]Imcw kmy-s-Sp-p-sav ABw: 130epw ]d-n-p-v. \njv]-\
-- mb ]c-a-Im-cpWn-I, Im^n-dm-sWv kzbw kmyw-h-lnm Hcm-sfbpw \-c-I-n-te-n-Sp-I-bn-.
Ah Im^n-dm-sWv kzbw kmyw-h-ln-m thn-bmWv Jp-B Cd-n-b-sXv
bmko: 70-epw, I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I \c-I-ns ASn--n t]mIp--h-cm-sWv Ankm-Av: 145-epw ]d-n-p-v. Jp-B Inn-bnv D]-tbm-Ks
- -Sp-m Hcmpw Amlphn-s {]Xn-\n-[n-bmbn Pohn-mt\m kzK-n-tev Xncn-p-t]m-Imt\m km[n-p-I-bn-.
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw Ahsc Cl-n ]n]-n-bn-cp A\p-bm-bn-Ifpw \c-I-nshv
]c-kv]cw ]gn-Nm-cp-, i]n-p cwKw _Jd: 166-167 hni-Zo-I-c-W-n ]d-n-pv.
Fgppw hmb-\bpw ]Tn-h
- Ah-cpsS Adnhv Jp-B\
- ns Bibw a\-n-emm
D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p-Ibpw ]Tn-m--hv Jp-B-\ns Bibw lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn
]Tn-npsImSp-p-Ibpw thWw. lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn X-fpsS dns kq-
]d-p-sIm-Sp-nv ]ns AXns\ Ah-K-Wnv ]gb PohnXw Xs \bn-p--h-cmWv
Ghpw henb A{I-an-I-sfpw, C-cw {`m-m-tcmSv Amlp {]Xn-Imcw sNp-sapw
kPZ: 22- ]-d-n-p-v. \_n (-k)-bpsS Ime-p-t]mepw Fm-hcpw bp-n\p
t]mImsX, Hcp hn`mKw Jp-B-\ns Bibw ]Tnv Ah-chcpsS P\-X-bn-tev sNv
Zo ]Tn-np sImSp--W-sa-mWv Xu_: 122- Amlp Iev]n-p-Xv. Xu_: 6
Jp-B-\ns Bibw tIm Hcp _lp-ssZh hnizmkn bp-ap-J-p-shv A`bw
tNmZn-m Ah\v A`bw sImSp-p-I-bpw Ah\v Jp-B-\ns Bibw tIn-p-Ibpw
Ahs\ kpc-n-X-amb m\-tv FnpsImSp-p-Ibpw thW-sav ]d-n-p-v.
Fm Cv bp-an-, adnv Jp-B Inn-bnv aqSn-sh-p ap\m-^n-Jp-Ifpw ^mPn-dpIfpa-S-nb -{`m--m-cm-b Im^n-dp-ItfmSv, Jp-B-\ns Bi-bw-sIm-p PnlmZv am{Xsa-bp-q (^pJm: 52). Npcp--n a\p-jy\v kzs Xncn--dn-bm-\pw Pohn-Xeyw a\-n-emn kmm-cn-m-\p-samw klmbnbmbn-sm-mWv lrZ-b-ns
`mj-bn-ep Jp-B-\ns Bibw (A-n-Iv) Amlp Cd-n-bn-p--Xv.
auem-\m F ]Zw Jp-B-\n ChnsSqSmsX Xu_: 51-epw hn-p-v. Jp-B\n Amlphn\v am{X-amWv "auem\m' Fp D]-tbm-Kn-n-p--Xv. Fn-cn-t, aue-hn,
auem-, auem-b Fp ]Z-ns _lp-h-N-\-amWv auem\ Fp]d-psImv
]n-X-m-scbpw apl--Zp-\-_nsbXsbpw auem\m Fphnfn-m, B hnfn-p-h Im^ndpw hnfn-n-p--h a\p-jyn-im-Nmb ap\m-^n-Jp-am-Wv. A-Av-dm^v: 180-
A-c-msc shSn-b-W-samWv Amlp Iev]nnpXv. Jp-B-\n krn-Isf
auem, ahmenb Fsmw hnfn-Xpt]mse dv Fpw hnfn-np-v. bqkp^v \_n
(A)Xsbpw CuPn-]vXnse cmPm-hn-s\-p-dnv "\ns dv' Fv Pbn tamNn-X-\mb
bphm-hn-t\mSv ]dn-p-v (bq-kp^v: 42). Fm "dp\m' Ftm "auem\m' Ftm
Am-lp-hn-s\-p-dn--msX asm-cm-sfpdnpw Hcp {]hm-N-It\m Hcp hnizm-kntm
hnfnm km[y-a--X-s. ^mnl: 7, _Jd: 39,99,121,254,281 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
JpB\ns Bmhv
278
hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv Ftmgpw {]mn-phmthn Am-lp-Xs ]Tn-nhbmWv

Cu kq, apl-Zv \_nv kzK-nshv \Inb, ampw \Im cv
{]Im-i--fn-sem-mWv Cu cv kq-. \_n (-k) aKvcn_v \a-kvIm-c-ti-jhpw
kp_vlv \a-kvIm-c-ti-jhpw Dd-m InS-p ka-bpw Cu kq {]mn-ncp-p.
Am-lp-th, Rsf \o kXyw aqSn-sh-phcnepw, kXys If-hm-phcnepw,
A{I-an-I-fnepw, I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fnepw, Fmw \-s--h-cnepw DsSp-cptX, Rsf
hnizm-kn-Ifnepw k-\-fnepw, \ns Ip-sImv Ncn-p--h-cnepw, \n\v a\-m-hm-Nm--IWm Iogvs--h-cnepw, Jp-B-\ns\ kXy-s-Sp-p--h-cnepw Jp-B A\pIq-e-ambn kmn]d-bp-Ibpw hmZn-p-Ibpw sNphcnepw Ds-Sp-p-Ibpw sNtWta. Rsf \o ap-Jo-t- fm-sSmwkm_n-Jo-t- fm-sSmwhnP-bn-It- fm-sSm-w]pWymm--tfm-sSmw kzKn {]th-in-p--h-cm-t-Wta.-
Ben-Cw-dm (3)
279
]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I\pw Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[n-bp-amb Am-lp-hns \maw-sImv
3. BenCwdm
Cwdms IpSpw_w FmWv Ben-Cw-dm F-Xns Aw. 33-mw kq-n
Cwdm IpSpw-_spdnv ]cm-ain-p--Xn-\memWv CXn\v BenCwdm Fv \maI-cWw sNbvXn-p--Xv. lnPvd 2mw hjw hnizm-kn-Ifpw Ahn-izm-kn-Ifpw Xn
\S _Zv bpsp-dn-pw, 3mw hjw \S DlvZv bpsp-dnpw hni-Zo-I-cnp kq- Cu kqdn AS-n-bn-pv. lnPvd 9mw hj-n \_n (k)bpsS
ASpv \Pvdm-\n\n-p Hcp ss{IkvX-h-kwLw hv kwkm-cn-tXmS\p-_-nv
Cd-nb Nne kq-fpw CXn-ep-v. adn-bw, adn-b-ans ]p{X Cukm, kI-cn-,
blvb XpS-n-b-hcpsS Pohn-X-N-cn{Xw hni-Zo-I-cn-tijw, thZ-m-cmb Ckvdm-Cu
k-Xn-I-sfbpw ss{IkvX-h-scbpw bYm hnizm-k-n-te-pw, Ah-cpsS ]q-]n-Xm-fpsS Pohn-XNcy-bn-tepw Wn-p-I-bm-Wv. thZ-hn-izm-kn-Isfpdnv ]cm-ainp kq--sfmw Cv Jp-B-\ns hml-I-cpw, Fm AXv aqSn-sh-p--hcpamb
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ipw, Ahsc ]n]-p Jp-B-\ns Bibw ]Tn-m {ian-m
apkvenw km[m-c-W-m-pamWv _m[-I-am-Ip--Xv. ImcWw Cv thZw Jp-B am{Xam-Wv. hnizm-kn-I-fpsS kz`mh hni-Zo-I-cn-p [mcmfw kq- Cu kqdn AS-n-bn-p-v. DlvZv bp-ap-m-n-bXv apkvenfnse hnizm-kn-Isfbpw I]-Shn-izm-kn-Is
- fbpw thXncn-m-\m-sWv Cu kqdv ]Tn-n-pp. k-{k-mhv Ahs
krn-Iv Xr]vXns Pohn-X-hy-h--bm-Wv Ckvemw. AXn-tev Hcmsf tNmt\m tNm-Xn-cn-mt\m apl-Zv \_ntm krn-I-fns] amsn-eptam km[ya-sv Cu kqdv ]Tn-n-p-p. Jp-B kq- Xnem-hv sNbvXp-sIm-Spm,
CXn\papv thZw \I-s--h-cn Nne AXp-tIv Iohmp-I-bpw, Am-lp-hns\
`b-s-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp-sImv hnizmkw {]Jym]npXm-Wv. hnizm-kn-I Jp-B\ns\
apdp-sI-n-Sn-p-sImv H-kw-La
- mbn \ne-sIm-W
- s
- av Cu kqdv Iev]n-p-p. "klvdm
h\n'(cv ]qhm-Sn-I) Hmb Cu kqdpw _J-ds
- b-tm-se-s "Aen^vemwaow'
F kqw-sImv Bcw-`n-pp. CXn 200 kq--fmWp--Xv. 18,26,27 kq
\_n(-k) aKvcn_v \a-kvIm-c-ti-jhpw kp_vlv \a-kvIm-c-ti-jhpw "hnZm'bn {]mnn-cpp. Cu kqd-nse 190 apX 200 hsc-bp kq- \_n (-k) Dd-n\npw
Fgp-tbpSs\ Xnem-hv sNbvXncp-p.
1.
Aen^vemwaow
Am-lp-hn\nv Pn_vco aptJ\ apl-Zv \_nv hn-p-- {Kw. _Jd: 1
hniZo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
2.
Amlp, Ah-\-msX Cemlv C. Ah Fspw \ne-\np--h\pw

ap--hsb \ne-\np--h-\p-am-Ip-p.
280
JpB\ns Bmhv
Am-lp-hns "Ckvap AAvfzw' AS-nb Cu kqw _Jd: 255 kq`mKambn hn-p-v. _Jd: 255 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
3.
AXns apn-ep--Xns\ kXy-s-Sp-n-smv eytmSpIqSn \mamWv

Cu {Kw \nsta Lw L-ambn Ah-Xcnnn-p--Xv. Xudmpw
CPoepw Ah-X-cn-n-p-Ibpapmbn.
4.
CXn\papv samw a\p-jyv kmK-ambnsmv (Xu-dmpw CPoepw Cd-n) kXym-kXy hnth-N\ am\-Z-W-vUhpw Ah Ah-X-cn-n-p.
\nbw Am-lp-hns kq-sf aqSnsh-p--hcmtcm Ahv ITn-\amb inbpv. Am-lp-hm-Is, {]Xn-ImcwsNp-- AP--\mb k{]-Xm]n Xs-b-tm.
H{Kw am{Xta hnhn[ Ime-L-

- f
- n `qan-bntev Ah-Xc
- n-n-n-p-q. Xudmv,
CPo, k_q Fo t]cp-Ifnsemw Adn-bsncp Ah-bpsS Bmhv Hp-Xs-bm-bn-cp-p. Ah-sbmwXs AXmXv Ime-p samw a\p-jyv kmK-hpam-bn-cp-p. Fm-epw ^pJm (k-Xym-kXy hnth-N\ am\-ZW
- vUw) Ah-bpsS Bibw
Xs-bm-bn-cp-p. Fm aqe-{K--hpw {K-hp-a-S-nb ]q-amb {KwAIn
Xm_vJp-B am{X-am-Wv. AXv apph Fm {K--sfbpw kXy-s-Sp-p-Xpw
Imp-kq-n-p--Xp-amWv. C\n Ay-\mh-sc-bp Fm- a\p-jypw Bh-iy-amb
kmK--sfsm-aptm AsXmw hni-Zo-I-cn-n-p {K-hp-w ^pJm-\pam-WXv
(_Jd: 185 t\mpI). Ankm-Av: 163, Ckvdm-Av: 55 kq--fn, Zmhq-Zn\v \mw
"k_q' \Ip-I-bp-mbn Fp]-d-n-p-v. Ap-A-dm-Av: 197-, \nbw Cu JpB ]qnI "kp_pdn' (G-Sp-I-fn) Dv Fp-]-d-n-p-v. InXm-_ns _lp-h-N\-am-Wv IpXp_v F-t]mse k_qdns _lp-h-N-\-amWv kp_v (_Jd: 2,121,147,285
hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I).
`qansb AXns kp- e - \ mh- - b n \ne\np- Xn\pthnbpXpw
a\pjyv kzK-n-te-p-Xs Xncnpt]mIm-\p Sn-pam-b Jp-B-\ns Bibw
aqSn-sh-p-Xv Ghpw henb A]-cm-[-am-Wv. Ah-tcmSv Amlp {]Xn-Imcw sNp-IXs sNpw. Ah-cpsS {]h-\--sfmw ]mgm-bn-tmbn Fv kpa: 63-epw, Ah
A{I-anIfpw {`mmcp-am-sWpw AhtcmSv \mw {]Xn-Imcw sNp-sav kPZ: 22-epw
]d-n-p-v. \n-b-ambpw Adn-hn-mbvasImv IpwsNbvX-hv am{Xta ]m-Xm-]apq Fv An-km-Av: 17-epw ABw: 54epw Alv: 119-epw ]d-n-p-v. Bibw
Adn-nv aqSn-sh-p ap\m-^n-Jp-Iv thZ-\m-P-\-I-amb in-bpv F "ktmjhm' Adn-bn-m A-n-km-Av: 137138 ]d-n-p-v. amCZ: 95 Ah-km-\n-p--Xv,
Amlp {]Xn-Imcw sNp--h-\mWv Fv ]-dpsImpw C_vdm-low: 47 Ah-km-\np--Xv, \nbw Amlp {]Xn-Imcw sNp-- AP-\mb k-{]-Xm]n Xs-bmIpp F Bi-b-n-epamWv. _Jd: 101,174176 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
5.
\nbw Amlp, Ah- \ n\nv `qan- b ntem BIm- i - - f ntem D

HpwXs adncnpn.
Ben-Cw-dm (3)
281
C_vdmlnw: 38- Ah-km-\n-p-Xpw CtX Bi-b-n-emWv. apAvan: 16, Amlphn\v Ah- c n\nv HpwXs ad- n- c n- p- I - b n- , Ct- Z n\w (hn- [ n- Z n- h - k w)
BmWv cmPm- [ n- ] - X y- s ap tNmZn- - s - S pw, Atm Fmw AS- n- ` - c n- p-
Amlphn\m-sWv ]d-b-s-Spsapw ^pn-e-v: 40, \n-b-w \psS kqsfsmv hntcm[wshp Xn-p--h \n\nv ad-p\np-smpan-,
Atm \c-I-n hen-s-dn-b-s-Sp--h-\mtWm D-a, AtXm Jnbm-a-p\m-fn
imn-tbmSpw kam-[m-\-tmSpwIqSn hcp--h-\mtWm D-a? \n Dt-in--Xp-t]mse
{]hn-p-I, \nbw Ah \nsf kqvaa
- mbn hon-p-sIm-n-cn-p-Ib
- m-Wv Fpw
]-d-npv. ^mnl: 3, _-Jd: 255,284 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
6.
Ah Dt-in-p--Xp-t]mse K`-]m-{X--fn \nsf cq]-s-Sp-n-bXpw

Ah Xs-bmWv. AP--\mb k-{]-Xm-]nbpw X{--\mb bpnm\nbp-am-b Ah-\-msX thsdmcp Cem-lp-an-Xs.
"JmenJv' F {km-hns KpW-\m-aw Bm-hns\ krn--h Fpw "_mcn-Av'

F KpW-\maw ico-cs krn--h Fpw, "apk-n' F KpW-\m-aw Bm-hpw
ico-chpw tbmPn-n-v cq]-s-Sp-p-h FpamWv hnhn-p--Xv (_-Jd: 54 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I). Fm a\p-jy-scbpw (Bm-hv) BZans\ krn--tmXs kzKn krn-n-p-v. Ckm: 1 Amlp tNmZnpp: a\p-jy\n Ah Hman-nsSm Hcp AImeamb Ime-Lw Ign-p-t]m-bn-ntbm Fv. a\p-jycpsS icocw
K`-]m-{X-n "\pXzv^'bn\nv hnhn[ L XcWwsNbvXv BWpw s]p-ambn
cq]-s-Sp-pXpw Ah-Xsbm-Wv. \memw amk-n ]nXmhns apXp-In kqnn-cp Amlphns dqln\np dqlns\ ae-p-ap-tJ\ AXn Bhm-ln-n-pp. _Jd: 28,129 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
7.
Ah XsbmWv \nsta Cu {Kand-n-bXv. AXn Bibw kv]amb kq--fp-v, Ah-bmWv {K-ns aqe-L-S-Iw (D-p InXm-_v).
ap Nne kq- Be-m-cn-I-hp-am-Wv. Atm X-fpsS lrZ-b-fn
h{I-X-bp--h \miw eywshv Be-m-cn-I-amb kq--fpsS hni-ZoI-cWw tXSnsmv ]nmse \S--p-p. AXns hni-Zo-I-c-W-am-Is,
Am-lphn\msX Adn-bp-I-bn-Adn-hn Ddv e`n--hR AXn
hniz-kn-p-p, Ah-sbmw R-fpsS dns ]\n-p--Xm-Wv
Fp]d-bp-h
- c
- m-Ipp. Fm _pn-am-m-c
- msX lrZ-bw-sImv Hmnp-I-bn-.
Jp-B\
- n cp-Xcw Bb-p-If
- pv. Bibw kv]jvTa
- mb, ^pn-e
- mb (aplva-mb) kq-fmWv {K-ns ASn-m-\amb aqe-LS- I
- w. ap{K-
- f
- n- Ccw
kq--fm-Wp-m-hp-I. Be-m-cn-I-amb, kmZr-iy-amb (apX-im-_n-lmv) kq-fpapv FXv Jp-B-\ns Hcp {]tXy-I-X-bm-Wv. kpa: 23- Amlp ]d-bpp:
Am-lp-hmWv Ghpw\ h-am-\-amb Be-m-cn-Ihpw Bhnmhnv hcp-
Xp-amb kq--f-S-p Cu {Kand-n-b-Xv. AXpaptJ\ X-fpsS dns\ `b-sSp--h-cpsS sXmen-I, tcmam--apsm-p-Ibpw Ah-cpsS sXmen-Ifpw lrZ-b fpw
282
JpB\ns Bmhv
am-h-am-hp-Ibpw Ah "Amlv' F kvac-W-bn AYhm Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n

apgp-Ip--Xp-am-Wv. AXmWv Am-lp-hns kmKw, B Jp-B-\ns BibwsIm-v
Ah Dt-in-p--hsc Ah kmK-n-em-pXm-Wv (lqZv: 1 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I)
X-Avho Fm hrm-w, hni-Zo-I-c-Ww, `mhn-{]-h-N\w Fsmw Bi-b-apv. bq-kp-^v: 6,100,101 kq--fn ]d "XAv-ho' bqkp^v \_n (-A) bpsS kz]v\
hymJym-\spdn-m-Wv. AAv-dm^v:53- ]d- "XAv-ho' Jp-B \Ip `mhn{]-h-N-\--fm-Wv. Cu kq-n ap-im-_n-lmmb (Be-m-cn-Iw) kq--fpsS
Bi-b-amWv "XAv-ho' sImpt-in-p--Xv. apX-im-_n-lmns Bibw tNmZn-ph a\-n h{I-X-bp I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fm-sWpw Cu kqw ap-dn-bnp\Ipp. C-c-m, Jp-B Bi-b-a-dn-bmsX \n Jndm-Av (hm-b-\) \S--cpXv
Fv \_n (-k) ]Tn-n--Xn\v hncp--ambn "Aen^vemwaow' \n D-cn-p-n Ah
Hmtcm-pw ]v \-I-fmbn-msX F \_n-h-N\w am{X-apcnv Aen-^v-emw-ao-an\v
A-an-tm, AXp-sImv Jp-B A-a-dn-bmsX ]mcm-bWw sNbvXmepw ]pWyap-sv hmZnv, P\-sf Jp-B\ns Bi-bw ]Tn-pXn\npw XS-bp-p. JpB Bi-b-an-msX HmXn-bm hnn\nv Av sXdn-p-t]m-Iphn[w Zo\n\nv
Ah sXdn-p-t]m-Ip-sa-pw, HmXnb Jp-B Ah-s\-Xn-cn hmZn-p-sa-p-ap \_nh-N\ D-cnpsImv, Bibw ]Tn-m-\msWfpw (J-a: 17) Fv P\-sf Adnbn-p hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv Ah Xn-p--I-bmWv sNp-Xv. Ccw I]-S-hn-izm-knIv Jp-B-\ns samw Bibw Adn-npw {]tbm-P-\-an-. AhcXv ]n]-pItbm ap--hsc ]Tn-n-p-Itbm sNp-I-bn-. Ch-sc-p-dnv ABw: 26-, Ah
Jp-B-s\-smv ap--h-scbpw Ah-scsbpw XS-bpp. AXp-hgn Ah Ah-sc-sbmsX \in-n-p-n-, Fm AX-h Xncn--dn-bp-n Fp-]-d-n-p-v.
_Jd: 159-161,166-167 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
aqv hn`m-K--fmWv Jp-B ]mcm-bWw sNpI Fv \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v.
(1) ^mPn:-A-h Jp-B Xnpw As-n JpBsImv Xn-pw ("Jp-B
XnpI' FXns hnh, ]pWyw e`n-p--Xn-\p-thn Jp-B-\ns Ad_n icocw
Atam Bi-b-tam-bn-msX BZyw apX Ah-km-\w-hsc Jw (]mcm-bWw sNbvXv)
XopI Fm-Wv. "JpBsImv Xn-pI' F-Xns hnh, Jp-B Ah-X-cn-sXns ey-n\v hncp--ambn, acn--hv HmXn-tnv ]Ww hmn-n-pI, Ipn-Iv Jp-B-\ns icocw ]Tn-ntm Cam-av \ntm ifw hmn-n-p-I,
]nmW-f
- nepw IS-em-kp-If
- nepw XIn-Sp-If
- nepwHd-v, \dp-v, Ge-vJp-B kq Fgp-Xn-sm-Spv ]Ww hmnnpI Fs-m-am-Wv). (2) ap\m-^nJv: Jp-B
Bi-b-a-dnnv AXv aqSn-shph. (3) apAvan: Bibw a\-n-emn AXv ]n]ph. Jp-B HmXp Cu aqv hn`m-K
- n apAva
- n-\n\v am{X-amWv Aen^v emwaow
sImpw AXp-t]m-ep apX-im-_n-l-mb Bb-p-I sImp-ap {]tbm-P\w e`np-I. I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Iv Jp-B-\ns samw Bi-b-a-dn-npw {]tbm-P-\-sampw
e`n-p-I-bn-. ap\m-^n-Jpw, ^mPn-dpw Ah-cpsS hb-dp-I-fn XobmWv \nd-p--sXv
_Jd: 174 ]d-n-p-v. Chv Jp-B HmXp-I-hgn amen-\yhpw AIbpamWv
hn-pI Fv Xu_: 125-epw hnizm-kn-Iv Jp-B Imcp-Wyhpw tcmK-i-a-\-hp-amsWpw, A{I-an-IXv \jvS-a-msX hn-np-I-bn-spw Ckvdm-Av: 82epw ]d-
Ben-Cw-dm (3)
283
n-p-v. lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn Jp-B\ns Bibw hni-Zo-I-cn-p-sIm-Sp-npw

AXns\ Ah-K-Wnp Pohn-p--h-cmWv B{I-an-Ifpw {`mam-cp-sav kPZ: 22 ]dn-p-v. P\-f
- nshv Ghpw henb ZpjvS Jp-B BZyw apX Ah-km\whsc
hmbnnv AXn \nsmpw e`n-m ^mPn-dmWv Fv \_n (-k) ]Tn-n-npv.
Fm Ghpw henb Zp ap\m-^n-Jm-sWv ]d-bp--Xn-\p-]-Icw ^mPndmsWv
]d-Xn\v Imc-Ww, hnNm-c-W-bn-msX \c-I-nt]m-Ip ap\m-^n-Jns\ Amlp
h[n-p-I-f--Xp-sIm-mWv (ap\m-^n-Jq: 4). hnNm-c-W-p-tijw \c-I-n t]mIp
Im^n-dp-I-fmWv ^mPn-dp-I (kp-a: 71). _Jd: 67,254 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Adn-hn AKm-[-m-\-aphsc(dmkn-Jo--)pdnv \nkm-Av: 162epw ]d-np-v. Adn-hn Dd-p, AKm[m\-ap- Bfp-I, Fm-Im-cy--sf-p-dnpw hniZ-am-p- {K-amWv Jp-B Fv Alv: 89, A-Bw: 38 kq-f
- n ]dXns\
Ah-ew-_nv, Be-m-cn-I-amb kq--fpsS Bibw Jp-B-\n\nv Nqgvv At\zjnv Ip]n-Sn-p--h-cm-Wv. ^pJm: 58-se "J_o' {XnIm-e-m-\n-bmb Am-lphm-Wv. B A-m-lp-hn-s\-p-dnv tNmZn-t-Xv {XnIm-e-m-\-amb Jp-B-\ns
Bibadn-bp--h-tcmSmWv (J-_oam-tcmSv) Fv 59epw ]d-npv. ^pJm: 59-
]d J_oam Xs-bmWv Cu kq-n ]-d dmkn-Jo--fpw. \lv: 43,
An-bm-Av: 7 kq--fn, \nv Adn-hn-m-- Im-cy- Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
Adn-bp Bfp-I-tfmSv tNmZn-pI Fp-]-d-n-p-v. CXns ASn-m-\-n \_n
(-k) ]Tn-n-n-cn-pp: Jp-B-\n Ah-Km-l-ap AKm-[-m-\n-I, _lp-am-\ycmb
]pWym-m--fmb ae-p-I-tfm-sSm--am-Wv (A_k: 1116 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd:
2,152,234,269 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
8.
R-fpsS \mYm! \o Rsf kmKn-em-n-b-Xn\ptijw R-fpsS

lrZ-b-sf sXnpIf-b-t. \nn\n-p Imcp-Wyw Rv \o
HuZm-cy-ambn {]Zm\w sNbvXm-epw. \nbw \o AXyp-Zm-c Xsbtm.
AKm-[-m-\n-I-fpsS {]m\ C-s\-bm-bn-cn-p-sav Am-lp-Xs ]Tn-np-I-bmWv. "dlvap'sImv Dtiyw Jp-B-\ns Bibw Xs-bm-Wv. A-m-lpth,
F\nv Adnhv hn-np XtcWta Fv {]mn-psImv Jp-B-\ns Bibw
]TnpI-bpw, ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNp--h-cm-W-h- (Xzmlm: 114 t\mp-I). HuZm-cy-ambn
Fp]d-m Imcy-Im-cW _-an-msX, IW-n-msX Fs-m-amWv hnh-.
kqw 7, I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Isfp-dnv Ah lrZ-b--fn h{I-X-bp--h-cmWv FmWv
]d--sX-n, Cu kqn Adn-hn AKm-[-m-\-ap--h X-fpsS lrZ-b-fn \o h{I-X-bp-m--cp-tX, I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fn Ds-Sp--cptX Fv {]mn-p-h-cm-Wv FmWv ]d-n-cn-p--Xv. kzmZv: 35 kpsse-am \_nbpsS {]m\
Ahkm\np-Xv "\nbw \o AXyp-Zm-c- Xsbtm' F Bi-b-n-em-Wv.
^mnl: 2, _Jd: 105 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
9.
R-fpsS \mYm! \nbw \o kIea\p-jy-scbpw Hcp\mfnB \mfns

Imcy-n kwi-b-ta-bn-kt-fn-n-p--h\m-Ip-p; \nbw Amlp
hmKvZ-- Hcn-epw ewLn-p-I-bn--Xs.
284
JpB\ns Bmhv
XKm-_p: 9 ]d {Ib-hn-{Ibw \S-m Zn\-am-WnXv. "\nbw Amlp

hmKvZ
-
- Hcn-epw ewLn-p-Ib
- nXs'F Bib-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bmWv dAvZv: 31Dw
Ah-km-\n-p--Xv. Ben-Cw-dm: 194 Ah-km-\n-p--Xv, "\nbw \o hmKvZw ewLnp-I-bnXs' F Bi-b-n-emWv. ^mnl: 3, _Jd: 254 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
10.
\nbw kXys aqSn-sh-ph, Ah-cpsS k-p-tfm km-\tfm Am-lp-hn-\nv Hcp \nepw Ahv KpW-{]-Z-am-hp-I-bn-.
Aq-X-s-bmWv \c-I-ns hnd-Ip-Ifpw.
Jp-B\
- ns Bibw Adn-nv aqSn-sh-p ap\m-^n-Jp-If
- mWv ChnsS ]cm-ain
Im^n-dp-I. I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS k-p-Ifnepw km-\-fnepw \o Ap-X-s-tSXn, \nbw Amlp AXpaptJ\ ùXnI Pohn-X-nXs Ahsc inn-pXn
\pw, \ntj-[n-I-fmbnsmpXs Ah Poh shSn-b-W-sa-p-amWv Dt-in-p--sXv
Xu_: 55,85 kq--fn ]d-n-p-v. Ah-sc-p-dnv \_n (-k) abn-em-bn-cp-tmXs {]hNnnpv (Ben-Cw-dm: 116,196197 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). C_v\p Amkns amXm-hn\nv \nth-Z\w sNbvX \_n hN-\-n \nv:
Ah ]dp: R abn-em-bn-cns Hcp cm{Xn \_n(-k) Fgp-tv, Amlpth Rm Fn-n-s-tbm, Fv aqp {]mhiyw hnfnp tNmZnp. Atm Da (d)
Fgp-tv ]dp: AsX Fn-n-pv, ]noSv t\cw]pep. Atm \_n(-k)
]dp: Ckvemw temI-s-m-bn-Spw hym]n-pw. ]ns AXns m\v \ntj[w
Xs hcnIbpwsNpw. IS-en-\--sc-bph (bq-tdm-]y-mcpw Ata-cn--m-cpsamw)
Ckvem-an-s\ ]cn-l-knpXm-Wv. ]ns P\-v Hcp Ime-Lw hcpw. Ah
Jp-B ]Tn-p-Ibpw HmXp-Ibpw sNpw. R HmXp-p--tm, R ]Tn-n-pp--tm, ]ns R-tf-m D-a-m BcmWp-Xv? Fh tNmZn-p-Ibpw ]dbp-Ibpw sNpw. Fnv ]hm-N-I tNmZnp: Aq-cn h \-bp-aptm? klm-_nI tNmZnp: Am-lp-hns ZqX-tc, BcmWv Aq-? \_n(-k) ]dp: Aq-
\nfn\n-p--h-cmWv, Ah Xs-bmWv \c-I-ns hnd-Ip-Ifpw. CXn klm_n-I-tfmSv, \nfmWv B Im^n Fp-]-d-bmsX \n-fn\nmWv Fp-]-d-Xn\npw apkven-fn \nv am{X-amWv Im^n-dp-m-hpI Fv a\-n-em-mw. JpB-\ns Bm-hmb Bibw ]Tn-n-msX Jp-B-\ns Ad_n sSIvmb ico-c-hpw,
Poh-\mb Ahpw am{Xw ]Tn-n-p--h-cm-Wn-h.
Jp-B\ns Bibw Adn-nv aqSn-shp ap\m-^n-Jp-Ifpw Bibw ]Tn-m
{ian-m ^mPn-dp-I-fp-amWv Cu kq-n ]d Im^ndpI. Ah \c-I-ns
hnd-Ip-I-fp-am-Wv (_-Jd: 166-167 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). An-km-Av: 91, Xu_: 123,
Alvkm_v: 61 Fo kq-fn Jp-B\
- ns Bibw aqSn-sh-p I]-Sh
- n-izm-knIsf
h[n-m hnizm-kn-I-fpsS kwL-tmSv Iev]n-np-v. hnizmkn-I-fpsS kwL-apsn
Ahv A[n-Imcw \Ip-sav Aq: 55epw ]d-n-p-v. Fm Cv hnizm-knIfpsS kwL-an-m-Xn-\m CXv \S-n-em-hp-I Cukm \_n h-Xn-\p-ti-jw am{X-amWv.
Ah-km\ Ime-v, Nncn-p-sImpw \ ]m-c-hm-p-I ]d-p-sImpw Hcphn`mKw
Zo\n-s hmm--fmbn cwKphcpw. ]d-bp-Xv {]hn-m-, {]hn-m-Xv
]d-bp Cu Bfp-I hnn\nv Av sXdn-p thKn Zo\n\nv sXdnpt]mIp-
Ben-Cw-dm (3)
285
sapw, Ahsc Ip-ap-p-t-S-p-shv sImWsapw \_n(k) ]Tn-nnp-v.

^mnl: 7, _Jd: 39,254, Ben-Cw-dm: 7 hni-Zo-I-c-Ww- t\m-p-I.
11.
^n-Hu {]`r-Xn-Isftmsebpw Ahv app--hsctmsebpw (\c-Ins hnd-Ip-I-fm-Wv). Ahscmw \psS kq- Xn--dv If
hmn. Atm Ah-cpsS Ip- ImcWw Ahsc ]nSn-Iq-Sn. Amlp
ITn-\-ambn inn-p--h-\tm.
A^m: 52-,54 Fnh CtX Bi-b-n-ep kq-fmWv. ^n-Hu {]`r-XnI (Ip-Spw-_w) F-Xns hnh-, sXm-Sn-bmb ^nHu\ns Ncy BcmtWm ]n]p-Xv Ah-cm-Wv. AXp-t]mse Ben apl-Zv (apl-Zv \_n-bpsS IpSpw_w) FXns hnh, apl-Zv \_n-bpsS Ncy ]n]-pIp-Spw-_-n \np--h-cm-I-s,
Am--h-cm-I-sAy-\mh-sc-bp hnizm-kn-I-fm-Wv. Fmw a\-n-emnbtijw
sXm-Sn-bmb I]-S-hn-izm-knbm-b-tm-gm-Wv (Xu-_: 67 t\mpI) ^n-Hus\ Amlp
inn--Xv. AXp-t]mse apkvenw P\-Xbn H apAv-an-\p-an-msX Fm-hcpw ap\m-^n-JpI-fm-Ip-tm-gmWv temIw Ah-km-\n-p-I (AlvJm^v: 35). \c-I-n\n-p Hcp
IpgnbmWv Ah-cpsS ac-W-ti-j-ap InS--d-bmb _k-Jv. _k-Jn cmhn-sebpw
sshIp-tchpw \cIw AXns ]qcq-]-n Ahv {]Zin-n-p-Xpw Jnbmap\mfn hnNm-cWbnmsX Ahsc \c-I-ntev Xn-hn-Sp--Xp-am-Wv (apAvan:46).
Ahsc hnNm-c-W-bn-msX \c-I-n-s ASn--n-tev Xn-hn-Sp-sav An-km-Av:
145epw ]d-n-pv. _Jd: 99,174176 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
12.
(Ccw) \ntj-[n-I-tfmSv ]d-bpI {]hm-N-I-tc: \n AXn-P-bn--sSpIbpw \c- I p- n ]p\cpo- h n- nv Hcp- a n- p- I q- - s - S p- I bpw

sNpwF{Xtami-s sXmnepI.
_Jd: 206, Ben-Cw-dm: 197, dAvZv: 18, kzmZv: 56 XpS-nb kq- Ah-km-\n
p-X
- v "F{X-tam-is
- sXmn-ep-I'F Bi-bt- m-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. ChnsS \cIspdnv sXmn-ep-I Fp]d-bm ImcWw, Ipn-Iv kpJw sImSp-p- sXmn-ep-It]m-se Ch \c-I-n Npp`mK--fn\npw Xom aqS-s-SpXpsImm-Wv.
AAvdm^v: 40-41, Jp-B kq-sf Xn--d-bp- ^mPn-dp-Ifpw, Fmw ]Tn--hcmsWv Al--cn-p- I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw Ds-Sp {`mamcpw A{I-an-I-fp-am-b-hv
\c-I-n sXmn-ep-I-fp-s-pw, AXn-\pta Xozme-bm-ep ]pX-p-I-fp-spw
]d-n-p-v. _Jd: 175, Atm C-s\-bp \c-Ins-ta Ahv Fv
"a'bm-WpXv! Fv tNmZnpp-v. _Jd: 166-167 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
13.
cv kwL- Gp-ap-n-b-Xn \nbw \nv Zrm--ap-m-bn-cpp.

Hcp hn`mKw Am-lp-hns amK-n bpw sNp-p, at hn`mKamIs,
\ntj-[n-I-fp-amWv. Ah Ahsc H-t\m-n Ah-cpsS Cc-n-bmbn
ImWpp. Amlp Ah Dt-in-p-h
- sc Ahs klmbw-sImv ins-Sp-p-p. \nbw Dm-gvN-bp--hv AXn al-mb KpW-]mT
apv.
286
JpB\ns Bmhv
Ckv e mapw Ip^v d pw Xn lnPv d 2mw hjw da- f m 17\v \S _Zv

bpspdn-mWv ]d-bp--Xv. Hv Am-lp-hns kwLhpw atXv ssizms
kwL-hp-am-bncpp (A^m: 48 t\mpI). hnizm-kn-Iv bYm-n AhcpsS
aqn-c-n-bpmbn-cp \ntj-[n-Isf H-t\m--n cn-c-n-bmbn sNdp-Xmn ImWnpIhgn Ahv ss[cyhpw sscyhpw {]Zm\w sNbvXp. \ntj-[n-I-fpsS ImgvN-bn
hnizm-kn-Isf sNdp-Xmn ImWn-p-Ibpw, As\ Ahsc \njv{]-bmkw ]cm-P-b-sSp-m km[n-pXn-\p-thn Ahv Ae-k-Xbpw aSnbpw \In Amlp BZyta
\n-bn Imcyw \S-n-em-p-I-bm-Wp-m-b-Xv. A^m: 4344 Amlp ]d-bpp:
\ns Dd--n \n\-hsc F-n Ipdv ImWn-pXXv kvac-Wo-b-am-Wv. Ah
\n\hsc F-n IqSp-X-embn ImWn-p-X-n-cpqshn Xo-bmbpw \n-fpsS
at\m-ss[cyw bn-p-I-bpw, \n-fpsS Imcyn \n ]c-kv]cw Xnv `nnp-Ibpw sNp-am-bn-cp-p. Fm Amlp \n-sf- A-Xn\np cn-p. \nbw
Ah s\pI-fpsS (lr-Z-b--fp-sS) Ah--b-dn-bp--h-\-tm. cp-kw-Lhpw ]ckv]cw A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn--tm Amlp \n-fpsS ZrjvSn-bn i{Xp-sf Ipd-p-Im-Wn-Xpw, Ah-cpsS ZrjvSn-bn \nsf Ipd-p-Im-Wn-Xpw Hmt--Xm-Wv. Xocp-am-\n-p-dn kw`-hn-t Imcyw \S-n hcp-phmthns-bm-bn-cpp AXv. kI-eIm-cy-fpw Am-lp-hn-tepXs aS--s-Sp--Xpa-tm. hnizm-kn-I GXh--bnepw
Am-lp-hns\ [mcm-f-ambn kvacn-p--hcpw Ah-\n `c-tan-p--hcpw Aht\mSv
am{Xw klmbw tXSp--h-cp-am-Wv (A^m: 45-47 Iqn-hm-bn-pI). Al--tbm-Sp-IqSnbpw Fmhn[ Bbp-[--tfm-Sp-Iq-Snbpw Vw`v \Sn-p-sImv bp-n\v h, bpw
Pohn-X-ssi-en-bmn amnb Bbn-c-n]cw hcp \ntj[n kwLns\-Xnsc bp
ss\]pWytam th{X Bbp-[-tfm Cm 313 t]c-S-nb Am-lp-hns sNdnb
kwLs _Zvdn Amlp ae-p-Isf Cdn klm-bn-p.
\n Ahsc h[nnn, Fm Am-lp-hmIpp Ahsc h[n-n-p--Xv. \o
Fdn--tm \o Fdn-n-n-, Fm Am-lp-hmWv Fdn--Xv. hnizm-kn-I AXpap-tJ\ al-mb Hcp ]co-Ww Ghpw \-\n-e-bn hnP-I-c-ambn XcWw sNt-Xn-m-bn-cpp AXv. \nbw Amlp k-t{im-Xmhpw k--\p-a-tm, AXv (hnP-bw) \npXv, \nbw Amlp kXy-\n-tj-[n-I-fpsS IpX{- _e-lo-\-amp- - h Xs- b m- I p- p. (\n- t j- [ n- I - t fm- S v ) \n Xocp- a m\w tNmZn- s - n
\nnXm Xocp-am\w hp-I-gn-n-cn-p-p. C\n \n hnc-an-p-I-bm-sW-n
AXmWp \nv Ghpw\-Xv, AX, hopw \n AXn-{I-an-I-fm-hp-I-bm-sWn
\mapw {]Xn-I-cn-p--Xm-Wv. \n-fpsS kwL-_ew, AXp F{X-Xs hn--Xm-bn-cpmepwicn, AXv \nsmcp {]tbm-P-\hpw sNp-I-bn-. \nbw Amlp kXy-hnizm-kn-I-tfm-sSm--am-Ip-p Fv A^m: 17-19 ]d-n-p-v. _kzm-C-dmb Jp-B\ns Bibw D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p _pn-bp hnizm-kn-Iv ^pJm Zn\-n
\S B kw`-h-n Fs-tpw [mcmfw KpW-]m-T--fp-v (A^m: 41 Iqn-hmbn-p-I). "\nbw Dm-gvN-bp--hv AXn al-mb KpW-]mTapv' Fp]-d-Xns hnh-, Am-lp-hn `c-tan, Am-lp-hns {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmbn Pohnp
hnizm-kn-Isf Amlp AZr-iy-amb \ne-bn (Imcy-Im-c-W-n\v AXo-X-ambn) Cpw
Fpw klm-bn-p-IXs -sNpsam-Wv. ^mnl: 4, _Jd: 102,243,251 hni-Zo-IcWw
t\mpI.
Ben-Cw-dm (3)
14.
kv{XoI, Bkm-\-, kz-n-\npw shnbn\n-p-ap

Iqm-c-, tacw IpXn-c-I, Ip-Im-en-I, Irjn-bn-S- XpS-nb-h-tbm-Sp AXn-bmb tamlw a\p-jyv Ae-m-c-am--s-n-cn-p-p,
Fm Ah-sbmw (GXm\pw \mfs) ùXn-I-Po-hnX hn`-h--fm-Ipp. Am-lp-hn-s-b-Sp--etm Ghpw \ A`-b-ktXap-Xv.
15.
\_ntb tNmZn-pI: AXn-t\-m D-a-am-bXv \nv Rm ]dp

Xcstbm. X-fpsS dns\ lrZ-b-n kqnv Pohn-p--hv AhcpsS dns ] Xmgv`m-K--fn-eqsS Acp-hn-I Hgp-In-sm-n-cn-p
]qtm-p-I-fp-v, AhcXn Fspw Pohn-n-cn-p-hcm-Wv. AhXn ]cn-ip--cmb CW-Ifpw Am-lp-hn-\n-p Xr]vXn-bp-ap-v. Amlp-hm-I-s, Ahs ASn-a-Isf kZm honpsImn-cn-p--h-\p-atm.
287
a\p-jycn Fm Hmtcm Bbn-cnepw sXmm-bn-cn sXmq-n-sbm-Xn-\pw

Cu Zp\n-bm-hn-t\m-SmWv BIj-W-ap-m-hp-I. Fm Bbn-cn Hmb hnizm-knIfpsS Pohn-X-e-yw ]c-temI-ambncn-pw. kzK-n krn a\p-jysc `qan-bn-tev
\ntbm-Kn--Xv kzKw ChnsS ]Wn-bm-\mWv. Cu ey-t_m[w \ne\nn Cl-n
Amlp Ahv \Inb Fm A\p-{K-l-fpw Jp-B-\ns shfn--n D]-tbm-Ks-Spn ChnsS kzKw ]Wn-Xv Cl-tem-I-Po-hnXw ]c-tem-I-t-p IrjnbnS-amn
amp--h-cm-W-h (A^m: 28, kpKvdp^v: 32-35 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). A-Km-_p: 15-
Amlp ]d-bpp: \nbw \n-fpsS k-p-fpw km-\-fpw ]co--tWm-]m-[nIfmWv (\mi-am-Wv), Am-lp-hns ]-em-Ipp al-mb {]Xn-^-e-ap--Xv. 16-,
AXp-sImv \nv Ign-bp-{X Am-lp-hns\ kqn-p-I-bpw, {in-p-tIpIbpw, A\p-k-cn-p-I-bpw, \nfpsS KpW-n-\p-thn sNe-h-gn-p-Ibpw sNp-I.
BcmtWm Xs (B-m-hns) IpSp-n\nv tamNn-X\
- m-bX
- v, Aq- am{X-amWv hnPbw
hcn--Xv Fpw ]d-n-p-v. Acw hnizm-kn-I-fmb Am-lp-hns C-Zm-k-m-cpsS
{]h-\-fpw {]m-\-Ifpw kz`m-h--fp-amWv Xmsghcp aqv kq-fn hnhcn-p--Xv. _Jd: 25, Ben-Cw-dm: 10 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
16.
Ah {]mn-p-sIm-n-cn-p--h-cm-Wv. RfpsS DS-a-bmb \mYm!

\nbw R hniz-kn-p Ignp. Atm R-fpsS Ip- \o
Rv s]mdpp XcnIbpw, \c-Ii
- n-bn\nv Rsf Impcnp-Ibpw sNt-W-ta.
17.
Ah am-ep--fmb kl-\-io-ecpw (Jp-Bs\ kXy-s-Sp-p) kXyk-cpw, Fm-bvtmgpw Am-lp-hns\ hWp-hcpw, Amlp \Inb
A\p-{K-l--sfmw (Ahs Xr]vXn tamln-p-sImv) sNe-h-gn-p--hcpw,
cm{Xn-bpsS Ay-bm-a--fn Am-lp-hn-t\mSv ]m]-tam-N\w tXSp--h-cpam-Ip-p.
^pJm: 6364, ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I-s C-Zm-kam, kpPq-Zn-em-bn-smpw

\npsImpamWv Ah-cpsS cm{Xn Ign-p-Iq-pI Fp]d-n-p-v. Am-cn-bmv: 1718,
kzK-n {]th-in-n-s ap-Jo--fpsS kz`mhw hn-n-cn-p-Xv C-s\-bm-
288
JpB\ns Bmhv
Wv: Ah cm{Xn-bn\nv A]w am{X-amsX Dd-n-bn-cp-n-, Ah cm{Xn-bpsS

Ay-bm-a--fn s]mdp--ens\ tXSp--h-cp-am-bn-cp-p. Alvkm-_v: 35, \n-b-ambpw
kkzw Am-lp-hn\v ka]n ]pcp-jamcpw kv{XoI-fpw, Am-lp-hn hniz-kn
]pc-jacpw kv{XoI-fpw, Am-lp-hn\v Fm-bvtmgpw hW-p ]pcp-jamcpw kv{XoIfpw, Jp-Bs\ kXy-s-Sp-p ]pcp-jamcpw kv{XoI-fpw, am-ep-f
- mb ]pcp-jamcpw
kv{XoIfpw, Am-lp-hns\ Dn `b-s-Sp ]pcp-jamcpw kv{XoIfpw, Zm\-[-
\S-p ]pcp-jamcpw kv{XoIfpw, {hX-a-\p-jvTn-p ]pcp-jamcpw kv{XoIfpw, XfpsS Kply-m-\- kqn-p ]pcp-jamcpw kv{XoIfpw, Am-lp-hns\ [mcm-fambn kvacn-p ]pcp-jamcpw kv{XoIfpap-tm, Ahp-thn Amlp ]m]-tamN-\hpw al-mb {]Xn-^-e-hpw Hcpnsh-n-pv Fp-]-d-n-cnp-p. kPZ: 1516,
\n-bw, \psS kq--fn hniz-kn-p hnizm-kn-I, lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn B
kq-sImv DW-s-m, X-fpsS \mYs\ kvXpXn-p-sIm-pw, Ahs\
]cn-ip--s-Sp-n-sImpw kmmwKn hogp--Xm-Wv, Ah Al--cnv ]nn-cn-bp-h-c-. Ah-cpsS InS--d-bn\nv Ah-cpsS ]miz sXn-sXn hv XfpsS \mYs\ `b-tmSpw {]Xym-i-tbmSpwIqSn {]mn-p--h-cpw, Ahv \mw \Inb-Xn\nv sNe-h-gn-p-sIm-n-cn-p--h-cp-am-Wv Fp-]-d-n-p-v. 17-, Ah Cln {]hn-p-sIm-ncp--Xn\v tKm]y-ambn Hcpnshn-p IIp-fna-bpf-hmp {]Xn-êw Hcp \^vkpw Adnbp-n- Fpw, 18-, Atm Ccw hnizm-knbmb Hcm I]-S-hn-izm-kn-bmb Hcmsftm-se-bm-Iptam?C; Ah ka-am-hp-I-bn
Fpw]d-n-p-v. ^mnl: 6, _Jd: 218, Ben-Cw-dm: 7 hniZo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
18.
\nbw, AmlphmsX thsd Cemlv Csv Amlp kzbw kmyw

hlnpI-gn-p. ae-p-Ifpw hnhcw Inn-b (-Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-a-dn-bp)
m\n-Ifpw\oXnpthn \ne-\np-h-cmbnsmvAP--\mb
k{]Xm-]nbpw X{--\mb bpn-m-\n-bp-amb Am-lp-h-msX
thsd Cemln-Xs Fv kmywhln-pp.
ABw: 19-, Ghpwhenb kmyw Bcp-tS-Xm-sWv tNmZnm Iev]ntijw

Am-lphmWv, Ah-\mWv Fsbpw \n-fp-sSbpw CS-bn kmn Fv adp-]Sn ]dbm \_n-tbmSv Iev]npp. F\nv, \n-sfbpw BcntemtWm Jp-B-\ns
ktiw FpXv Ah-scbpw ap-dn-bnp \Im Cu Jp-B Znhy-k-tiambn
e`nnpv. Atm JpB kan-p Am-lp-hn-t\m-sSmw asmcp "Cemlv'
Dsv \nv kmywhln-m km[y-amtWm? ]d-bpI {]hm-N-Itc: F\nv
km[y-a--X-s. hopw {]Jym-]n-pI, \nbw Imcyw, Ah GI Cem-lv am{X-am-Wv.
\nbw Rm \n P]n-p ]m-fn--n \nsmw Hgnhm-bh\pam-Wv. Amlp-hpw ae-p-Ifpw, Jp-B-\ns Bibw ]Tnv]n]p-- hnizm-kn-Ifpw HkwL-am
Wv, a\p-jy-cn\n-v- A-cw hnizm-kn-I am{X-amWv Am-lp-hns\ GI-\mbn AwKoI-cn-p-I. ^mXzn: 28-, \nbw, Am-lp-hns ASn-a-I-fn m\n-I am{X-amWv
Ahs\ `b-s-SpI Fp]d-Xv, Jp-B-\ns Bibw Adn-bp ]n-X-mscpdnm-Wv. Bibw Adn-nv AXv ]n]-mXncn-p-I-bpw, P\-sf ]Tn-n-mXncn-pIbpw sNp ]n-X-cmWv Am-lp-hn-s-b-Sp- Ghpw Xn-tb-dnb Poh-Pm-e-sfv A^m: 22-epw 55-epw ]d-n-p-v (An-km-Av: 145, A-Bw: 26 Iqn-hm-bn-
Ben-Cw-dm (3)
289
p-I). AI-_q-v: 41-, Am-lp-hn-s\-q-Sm-sX-bp--hsc Iqp-Imcpw kwc--I-cpambn sXsc-s-Sp--h Fp-Im-en-sb-tm-se-bm-Wv. AsXmcp hoSp-m-n. \nbw
hoSp-I-fn Ghpw _e-lo-\-am-bXv Fp-Im-en-bpsS hoSm-Wv Fpw 43-, Ccw DZml-c-W- P\-p-thn \mw hnh-cn-p-p, Fm m\n-I-f-msX AXn-s\p-dnv Nnn-p-I-bn- Fpw ]d-n-p-v. Ccw m\n-Iv Xs-bmWv ae-pI AI-Sn tkhn-p-Is
- bp ^pn-e
- v: 30-31 ]d-n-pv (apAvan: 79 Iqnhmbnp-I).
\oXnpthn \ne-sIm-p-I-sbv ]d-m, Am-lp-hns\ kmy-s-Sp-nsmv \oXn-bn \ne-\npIsbpw, AXn-\p-thn In-p-h
- c
- m-hp-I FpamWv
(A-n-km-Av: 135). {kjvSmhns\ GI-\mbpw, `qan Ah-t-Xmbpw, krjvSn-I-fpsSsbmw
DSa Ah am{X-ambpw AwKo-I-cn-p-I. GI {K-amb Jp-B samw a\pjypw
Pnp-Ipw Pp-Pm-e-pw thnbp--Xm-bpw (_-Jd: 213), apl-Zv (k)sb temIsmap {]hm-N-I-\m-bpw (_-Jd: 136), Jn_ve (a-)sb samw temI-n-\v
tI{ambpw (ABw: 92), Ckvemans\ Amlp krjvSn-Iv Xr]vXn-s GIPohn-Xkw-lnXbmbpw (_Jd: 132), BZw apX Ay-\mh-scbp a\p-jy-cn Am-lphns kwL-amb GI-kwLw am{Xta kzK-n-te-p-q-shpw (ap-Pm-Zne: 22) AwKoI-cn-p-I. temI-s-hn-sSbpw Znhkw amdpnsXn-\m t\mv, lv s]cp-m
XpS-nb CkvemanI A\p-jvT-\--sfmw temIv HtcZnh-k-am-bn-cn-psav a\-nemn A\pjvTnpI (_-Jd: 234). Ch am{X-amWv \oXn-p-thn \ne-sIm-p-
XXz-m\w e`n--h. ^mnl: 4, _-Jd: 121, 140144,234,269, Ben-Cw-dm: 7 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I
19.
\nbw Am-lp-hn-s ASp- Zo Ckvemw am{X-am-Ip-p. {Kw \Is--h Ahv hy-amb Adnhv hp-In-n-b-Xn\ptijw, Ahn-S-bnep t]mcv \nan--a-msX `nnnn. BcmtWm Am-lp-hns kq
Inn-bnv aqSn-sh-Xv, Atm \nbw Amlp AXn-thKw hnNmcW sNp--h Xs-bm-Ip-p.
BZw \_n(-A) apX Ay-\mhsc-bp a\p-jyv am{X-a samw Poh-Pme-pw Amlp Xr]vXn-s Pohn-X-hy-h (Zo) {]Ir-Xn-a-X-amb Ckvemw am{Xam-Wv. AXm asmcp hyh BcmtWm At\z-jn-p-Xv AXv Ah-cn\nv kzoIcn-p-Ib
- n- Fpw Ah ]c-tem-I
- n Fmw \-s-h
- c
- m-bn-cn-p-sapw BenCwdm:
85- ]d-n-pv (BenCwdm: 83, C_vdm-low: 44, lv: 18, Aq: 41 Iqn-hm-bnpI). {Kw Inn-b-h am{X-amWv `nn-n-p--sXpw AXv Ahn-S-bn-ep kzm
X, Rm tase F Xzc, t]mcv XpSnbh sImm-sWv Cu kqhpw ]Tn-np-p. Cv samw a\p-jyv {Kw Jp-B am{X-am-Wv. B Jp-B Inn-bnv
hnhn[ kwL-S-\-I-fmbn ]ncnv ]c-kv]cw Gpapp kwL-S-\-I-sfmw apivcn-pIfpw ]nim-Nns kwL-hp-w, Ah-t\m-sSmw \c-I
- n Ign-p-Iq-tS-hc
- p-am-Wv. _Jd:
121,176,213, BenCwdm: 4 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
20.
Atm C\n \ntm-S-h Xn-p-I-bm-sW-n, Rm\pw Fs ]n]-
290
JpB\ns Bmhv
p--hcpw Am-lp-hn\v kkzhpw kan--h-cmsWv \o ]d-bp-I. thZw
\I-s--h-tcmSpw \nc--c-cmbhtcmSpw tNmZn-p-Ibpw sNp-I\nfpw
Ah\v kmWw sNm Xm-dptm? Atm Ah kmWw
sNp-I-bm-sW-n \nbw Ah kmK-n-em-bn. C\n Ah ]nncn-bp-I-bm-sW-n, \nbw Fn-psImSp am{X-amWv \ns _m[yX.
Am-lp-hm-I-s, Ahs ASn-a-Isf kZmhonpsImn-cn-p--h-\patm.
bqkp-^v: 108- \_n-tbmSv ]d-bm Iev]n-pp: CXm-sWs amKw, Rm \nsf

hnfn-p-Xv Am-lp-hn-te-m-Wv. Rm\pw Fs ]n]-p--hcpw Hcp -Im-gvN-m-Sn-emWp--Xv, Amlp Ghpw ]cn-ip--\m-Ip-p, Rm Ah-\n ]p-tNp--h-cn s]h-\ Xs. dAvZv: 14- Amlp ]d-bpp: bYmn hn[n-v Al Amlp
am{X-am-Wv. BcmtWm Ahs\qSmsXbp-hsc hnfn-p--Xv, Ah sh-n-tev
ssI Nqn hmbn {]th-in-p-I-sbv ]d-bp-tm AXv hmbn-tev {]th-in-mXv t]mse-b-msX Dcw \Ip-n-, \ntj-[n-I-fpsS {]m\ hgn-tI-Sn-e-m-sXb-. Jkkv: 87-, Am-lp-hns kq- \n\v Ah-X-cn-n-Xn-\p-tijw AXns\-smv Hpw \ns XS-bmhp-X-, \o \ns DS-a-bn-tev (Jp-BsImv) hnfnp-I, \o Hcn-epw Am-lp-hns A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i--fn ]p-tNp--h-cn s]h-\p-am-I-cpXv Fp-]-d-n-p-v. lqZv: 62- kzmenlv \_n, \nbw Fs \mY kao]-\pw Dcw \Ip--h-\p-am-sWv ]d--tm \ntj-[n-I ]dp: kzmen-tl,
CXn\papv Rv \nn henb {]Xo--bpm-bn-cp-p. Ctm R-fpsS
]nXm-am C_m-Zv sNbvXn-cp--hsb C_m-Zv sN-cp-sX-mtWm \o Rsf
D]-tZ-in-p-Xv? \nbw \o Bcn-te-mtWm hnfn-p--Xv, Ahs Imcy-n R
Xocm kwi-b-n-XsbmIp-p Fp-]-d-bp-pv.
{]]w apgp-h Am-lp-hn-s-Xm-sW-pw, Am-lp-hmWv Ah\v C-s-Sp
Ime-v, tZi-v, amXm-]n-Xm--fn, Ahs krn-Isf sImp-h-cp--sXpw a\-nem-n-sImv Hmtcm-cp-v e`nnp Adnhv, k-v, hoSv, a XpSnb Fm
A\p-{K-l-fpw Ah \In-b-Xm-sWv k-Xn-p-sImv Fm-bvtmgpw "Amlv'
F kvac-W-bn \ne-sIm--emWv Ckvemw. AYhm Am-lp-hn\pthn, Ahs
kz`m-h-apsmp-sImv Ahs {]Xn-\n-[n-bmbn Pohn-p-I. Cv {Kw Jp-B
am{X-am-bXp-sImv "thZw \I-s--h-tcmSpw \nc--c-cmbhtcmSpw tNmZn-p-I' Fp]d-Xp-sIm-p hnh-, Jp-B\ns Bibw a\-n-em-n-bnv ]n]-m--hcpw ap-hsc ]Tn-n-m-h
- c
- p-amb ap\m-^n-Jp-It- fmSv tNmZn-pI Fm-Wv. \nc-c
- Fp]dm Jp-B-\ns Bibw ]Tn-m tIhn, ImgvN, _pn-in XpS-nb Amlp
\Inb A\p-{K-l- D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-msX AXns icocwXnv ]pWyw t\Sm-sav
Icp-Xp ^mPn-dp-I-fmb, km[m--c-W-m-cmb apkvenw P\-X-bpam-Wv (_-Jd: 7879 hni-ZoI-cWw t\mp-I). cp Iqcpw Pohn-X-eyw ad--hcpamWv. AAv-dm^v: 176- cv
Iq-scbpw D]-{Z-hn-mepw Cs-nepw amw hcm \mb-tbmSpw PpapA: 5 PqX-tcmSpw,
hln-p--sX--dn-bmsX `mcw hln-p Igp-X-tbmSpw D]-an-n-cn-p-p. \a-kvIm-c-n
"i]n--s--h-cpsS amK-n-e' Fp{]mnptm a\-n htc-Xv ap\m-^nJp-I-fpsS Iq-n-e-spw, "]ng--h-cpsS amKn-e' Fp{]mnptm Hmn-
Ben-Cw-dm (3)
291
t-Xv ^mPn-dp-I-fpsS Iqn-ep-a Fpam-Wv. ^mnl: 7, _Jd: 120,159-161,166167,174 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.

F-n-p-sIm-Sp-p-I Fp]d-m, Jp-B-\ns Bibamb cnkm-ev (A-mlp-hns ktiw) a\p-jyv Fnp sImSp--em-Wv. amCZ: 67- Amlp ]d-bpp:
""Hm {]hm-N-Itc! \n\v \ns dns ]\nv Cd-nb Hv (Jp-B) Fnp
sImSp-p-I. \o As\ {]hn-n-n-s-n Am-lp-hns ktiw (Iv) Fnp
sImSph\m-hp-I-bn-. P\--fn\nv \ns cn-m Am-lp-Xs aXn. JpB aqSn-sh Hcp P\-Xsb \nbw Amlp kmKn-tev \bn-p-I-bp-an-.
AAvdm^v: 62 \qlv \_n (A) Xs P\-X-tbmSv, Rm Fs dns ktiw (Fgpv) \nv FnpXp, Rm \n-v KpW-Imwn-bp-am-Wv, Rm \n-f-dn-bmXv Am-lp-hn\nv Adnbp--h-\p-am-sWv ]d-n-p--v. AAvdm^v: 68, lqZv
\_n BZv kap-Zm-b-tmSv: Rm Fs dns ktiw \ns-npXp, Rm
\nv hniz-kvX-\mb KpW-Imw-n-bp-am-sWv ]d-n-p-v. kzmenlv \_nsb
YaqZv kap-Zm-bntev \ntbm-Kn-p-I-bpw, Ahv ZrjvSm--ambn HIw \Ip-Ibpw
sNbvXp. B H-Is [nmc-]qw Ah Adp--tm aqp Znh-k-n\ptij-a-h
\in-n--s-p. AAvdm^v: 79, Ah-cpsS Ah-in-jvS--fn\nv ]nn-cnp t]mIptm kzmenlv \_n a\-n ]d-bp-I-bm-Wv: Hm! Fs P\-ta, Rm Fs dns
Iv \nsnp Xp, Rm \n-tfmSv KpW-Imw-bp-h
- \
- p-am-bn-cp-p. Fm
\n KpW-Imw-n--Isf CjvS-s-Sp--h-cm-bn- Fp]d-n-p-v. 93, ipsF_v
\_n \in-n--s aZvb hmkn-I-fn\nv ]nn-cnp t]mIp-tm a\-n ]d-bpI-bm-Wv: Hm! Fs P\ta, Rm \nss dns ktiw FnpXp, Rm
\n-tfmSp KpW-Imw-n-bp-am-bn-cp-p. As-n Rms\-n\p \ntj-[n-I-fmb Hcp P\X-bpsS Imcy-n Zp:Jn-Ww? (Alv: 35, 82, Aq: 54, AI-_qv: 18, bmko:
17 kq- Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
Am-lp-hns\ Is-p-I, Ah-c-hsc Xncn--dn-bpI , kzKw ChnsS ]Wn-bpI
F- Pohn-X-eyw kmm-XvI-cnp--Xn-\p D]-I-c-W-amWv Jp-B\ns Bibw.
\_nbpw hnizm-kn-Ifpw a\p-jy-cn-tev Cu Bi-b-amWv Fn-pI. Fm Imepw
hymPam cwKv hXpt]mse Cs apkven Jp-B-\ns Bi-bn-eqsS
Am-lp-hn-s\bpw {]hm-N-Is\bpw ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-p--Xn\v ]Icw, krn-I- cNn-np I-imkv{X {Kfpw, "alm-\-h-dp-I-fpsS alm-y--fpamWv' Fn-p-sIm-Spp--Xv. apl-Zv \_n-bpsS thj-am-sWv IcpXn thjwsIn \S-p Cc-mcpsS
thjw, apl-Zv \_nsb h[n-m KqVm-tem-N\ \S-p kZ-ntev \PvZn\nv
h C_veokns thj-ambn amdn-bn-cn-p-I-bm-Wv. AXn\v ImcWw bYm m\hpw
Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-hpamb "XJvhbmIphkv{X-'anmXmWv (A-Avdm^v: 26).
21.
\nbw Am-lp-hns kq- aqSn-sh-p-Ibpw \_n-amsc A\ym-bambn h[n-p-Ibpw a\p-jycn\nv \oXn Iev]n-p--hsc h[n-p-Ibpw
sNp--h-cp--tmAtm Ahv thZ-\m-P-\-I-amb inbpsv
"ktm-jhm' Adn-bn-p-I.
22.
Aq--cmWv X-fpsS {]h-\- Cl-nepw ]c-nepw ]mgm-bn-tm-
292
JpB\ns Bmhv
b-h. Ahv klm-bnIfn\nv Bcpw-Xs Dm-hp-Ibpan.
ChnsS Am-lp-hns Bb-p-I sImp hnh Jp-B kq am{Xam-Wv. Jp-B Inn-bnv AXv aqSn-shhsc Amlp h[n-n-p-v (A-_k: 17, ap\m-^nJq: 4). \_n-amsc A\ym-b-ambn h[n-p--h Fp]d-m, Cv \_n-am-cpsS
t]cp-shv P\-a[y-n Ahsc If-hmphn[w PohnXw \bnv sImmsX sImp-h- Fm-Wv. "a\p-jy-cn\nv \oXn Iev]n-p--hsc sImpI' Fp]d-Xn,
Jp-B-\ns Bi-bw ]Tn-p-Ibpw ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNp--hsc _pn-ap-n-epw D]{Zhn-epw Ahv Pohn-X-{]-bmkw krn--epaps-Sp--Xm-Wv. Cu kq-n
]d aqphn`m-Khpw Cv hnizm-kn-I-f-m apkvenw P\-X-bns]-h-cm-sWv
ImWmw. Ah-cpsS Fm {]h-\-fpw \-sv, Cl-nepw ]c-nepw \ny-cmbn
(_-Jd: 85) \c-I-n ]-Xn-p--Xm-sWpw, Ahv bmsXmcp klm-bhpw e`n-p-Ibnspw Cu kqw ap-dn-bnp \Ip-p. _-Jd: 186 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
23.
thZ-n\nv Hcp hnlnXw e`n Iq-cn-tev \ns {iXncn-pthm

({]hm-NIm), Am-lp-hns {Kw A\p-k-cnv Ahn-S-bn hn[nIev]np--Xn\pthn Ahsc hnfn-m, Ah-cn\nv Hcp hn`mKw AXns\
Ah-K-Wn-p--h-cm-bn-smv ]nn-cnpt]mIp-XmWv.
24.
F--s \mfp-I-fn-e-msX Rsf \cIw kv]in-p-I-bn Fh ]d-XmWv AXn\v Imc-Ww. Zo\n Ah kzbw sIn--a hymtam-l-
Ahsc hn-n-cn-p-p.
Cv {Kw Jp-B am{X-am-Wv. A`n-{]m-b-hy-Xym-k--fn B Jp-B A\p-k

cnv hn[nIev]n-Wsav ]d-psImv apkvenfnse hnhn[ kwL-S\-msc hnfnm An-km-Av: 59-, kPZ: 22, Ilv^v: 57 Fo kqfpsS Bi-bsamw Xn-dpsImv, Ah \nesImp Bi-b-n (Pohn-X-co-Xn-bn) Xs \ne-sImp-Xm-Wv. Cu kz`mhw Imc-W-amWv Am-lp-hns Bb-p-Isf Xn--d-bp P\-XbpsS D]a D]-{Z-hn-mepw Cs-nepw amwhcm \mb-sb-tm-se-bmWv Fv AAvdm^v: 176- ]d-n-p--Xv. Ahv ]c-tem-Iv \c-I-n \mb-bpsS ico-c-am-bncnpw e`np-I. Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-s- Ah-K-Wnv ]nn-cnv Zp\n-bmhv am{Xw
Pohn-X-e-y-ambn sXc-s-Sp-n-p Ccw Bfp-Isf Ah-K-Wn--W-sav \_n(k)-tbmSpw hnizm-kn-I-tfmSpw A-Pvav: 2930 kq-fn-eqsS Amlp Iev]n-n-p-v.
apv thZw \I-s PqX-ss{I-kvX-h-sc-tmses, Cv Jp-B hln-p Cu
P\-X-bpsS Dn-en-cnv, Ah Fp-X-s-bm-bmepw Iptdmew \c-I-n Xma
kntijw \_n-amsc-smpw alm-m-sfsmpw ip]mi sN-sv kzK-n
{]th-in-n--s-Sp-sa-m-Wv. C-c-m, Jp-B-\ns Bibw hp-In-n-b-Xn-\p-tijw
Cu I]-Samcmb t\Xm- Rsf AXn\nv XS-tm, ssizm a\p-jy\v
almh-I-\m-bn-cn-p-p-h-tm Fv X-fpsS ssI ISn-p-sImv \msf ]c-temIpshv hne-]n-p cwKw ^pJm: 2729 ap-dn-bnv \In-bn-p-v. apl-Zv
\_n(k) Jp-B\pw sImp-h-v, Fs Cu P\X Jp-B-\n\nv lnPvd t]mbXmWv
Ah-cpsS Cu ZpKXnv ImcWw Fv A\ymbw ]d-bp cwKw 30-epw XmoXv \Inbn-
Ben-Cw-dm (3)
293
p-v. C-sXmw Ah-K-Wn-p-sImv \a-kvI-cnpw t\ms-Sppw ^pJm: 65 {]Imcw

]ngbmbnv \c-I-p-WvTw hmp--h-cmbn A[x-]-Xn-n-cn--bm-Wv Cu P\X. _Jd:
67,80,94-95 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
25. \mw Ahscsbmw Hcp-an-p-Iq-p \mfnB \mfns Imcy-n kwib-ta-bn- Ah-cpsS Ah Fm-bn-cnpw? Av Fm Hmtcm \^vkn\pw
Ah km-Zn-Xv ]q-ambn \I-s-Sp--Xm-Wv, Ah- A\oXn ImWn-s-Sp-hcm-hp-Ibpan.
kzKhpw \c-Ihpw Ah-c-h Xs-bmWv km-Zn-p--sXv Cu kqhpw
]Tnnpp. krn-In-S-bn Jp-B A\p-k-cnv hn[nIev]n-p HcpZn\w
Amlp \n-bn-n-pv. B hn[nZnh-k-ns DS-a- cmPm[ncmP-\mb Amlp
am{X-am-sWv Fm-hcpw AwKo-I-cn-p-p. Ah-\m-Is \njv]--\mb, Ahs krnI-tfmSv Aw-t]mepw A\oXn ImWn-m, \oXn-am-\mb GIm-[n-]\pw, km-[n]\pw, tkzOm-[n-]-\p-amb ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I-\mWv (Ilv^v: 49, kpa: 69, Pmknb: 2829,
\_-Av: 27,29 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 286, Ben-Cw-dm: 9 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
26.
\_ntb {]mn-p-I: cmPm-[n-cm-P\

- mb Am-lpth! \o Dt-in-p-h
- v
\o cmPm-[n-]Xyw \Ip-p. \o Dt-in-p--h-cn\nv cmPm-[n-]Xyw Cdn-sh-p-p. \o Dt-in-p--hsc \o {]Xm]hm\mp-p. \o Dt-in-p-hsc \o XcwXmgvp-p. Fm \bpw \ns ]-em-Wv. \nbw \o
Fm Imcy-n-\pw Ign-hp k-i--\-tm.
27.
cm{Xnsb ]I-en \o ebnn-p-p, ]I-ens\ cm{Xn-bnepw \o ebn-n-pp.

Poh-\n-m--h-bn\nv Poh-\p--hsb \o ]pd-s-Sp-hn-n-pp. Poh-\p-h-bn\nv Poh-\n-m--hsbbpw \o ]pd-s-Sp-hn-n-p-p. \o Dt-inp--hv IW-n-msX hn`-h- \IpIbpw sNp-p.
"Ckvap AAvfw' AS-nb Cu cv kq-fpw \_n (k) kp_vlv, aKvcn_v

\a-kvIm-c-p-tijw "hnZv' Bbn {]mn-n-cp-p. {]hm-N-I-t\mSpw hnizm-kn-ItfmSpw Cs\ {]mnm\mWv Amlp Iev]np-Xv: Amlp-th, cmPm-[n-cm-Pm,
Fm-nsbpw \nb-{Ww In-ep-ht\, kmKns DS-b-ht\, \o Dt-in-phv `cWm[n-Im-cw \Ip-I-bpw \o Dt-in-p--h-cn\nv AXnd-nshp-Ibpw
sNpht\, cmhns\ ]I-enepw ]I-ens\ cmhnepw ebn-n-p--ht\, Poh-\p--hbn\nv Po-h-\n-m--h-sb-bpw, Poh-\n-m--h-bn\nv Poh-\p--h-sbbpw ]pds-Sphn-np--ht\, \o Dt-in-p--hv {]Xm]w \Ip-Ibpw \o Dt-in-p--hsc XwXmgvp-Ibpw sNp--h-t\, \o Dt-in-p--hsc Imcy-ImcW_-n-\-Xo-X-ambn Dupht\, \ns ]-emWv Fm \-IfpapXv, \nbw \o Fm-Im-cy-n\pw Ign-hp
k-i- Xs-btm, AXp-sImv `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Isf \o amKZi\w sNbvXv
\ns {K-tmSpw Zo\n-t\mSpw Iqdp--hcm-t-Wta. samw a\p-jysc lrZ-b-ns
`mj-bn-ep Jp-B-\ns Bibw ]Tn-npIhgn, Pohn-X-e-y-s-p-dnv t_m[-ap-h-cmn \oXnbpw \ymbhpw \S-n-em-p- `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Isf sXsc-s-Sp-m,
294
JpB\ns Bmhv
P\-sf ]mI-s-Sp-em-Wv Amlp Xr]vXn-s CkvemanI hyh-nXn \S-nhcpp--Xn\p hnizm-kn-I-fpsS {]h-\-coXn. AmsX A[n-Imcw ]nSn-s-Sp-p-Xn\pw B\p-Iqey- t\Sp-X
- n-\p-wthn `qcn-]
- s {]oWn-npItbm, PqX-cmjv{Sw
Dm-n-b-Xp-t]mse Xo{h-hm-Z -{]-h-\-hgn A[n-Imcw t\Sm {ian-p-Itbm,
kmap-Zm-bnI kwL-S-\-I-fp-m-n AXp-shv hne-t]-ip-I-tbm, ap Ipdp-p-hgnI
At\zjnp-Itbm Hpw sNm hnizm-kn-Iv ]mSn. Jp-B\ns hn[n-hn-e-pI \S-nhcpm Ah-c-hXs A[n-Im-c-n hc-W-sa B{Klw hnizm-knIv Hcn--epw Dm-hp-I-bn-.
atX-XchmZnI Hcp-an-m-Xncp-m ^mkn-p-I A[n-Im-c-n hcpsav ]dbp--h Cu kqs Ah-K-Wn--p--h-cmWv. samw a\p-jysc ]cn-K-Wn-msX
kap-Zm-b-sf Hcp-an-p-Iqn A[n-Im-c-n-\p-thn hmZn-pIbpw ]cn-{i-an-p-Ibpw sNp-h, Ccw Jp-B kq-sf If-hm-p I]-S-hn-izmkn-I-fm-Wv. AhXsbmWv ako-lp-
- m-ens\ B\-bn-p-h
- c
- pw, ùXn-I- tem-Is kzKambn- ]cn-KW
- nph-cpw. ap\m-^n-Jq: 4 ]cm-ain-, Am-lp-hn-sbpw hnizm-kn-I-fp-sSbpw i{Xp-fmb I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I A[n-Im-c-n hcp-Xv hnizm-kn-I Hcn-epw B{K-ln-p-Ibn-sv am{X-a-, Ahs-Xn-cmbn {]mnp-I-bpw, {]hn-p-Ibpw sNp-XmWv
(Xu_: 73- t\mp-I). I]S-hn-izm-knIsf h[npIf-b-W-sa, hnizm-kn-I-fpsS kwLtmSp Jp-B-\ns Iev]\ (A-n-km-Av: 91, Xu_: 123, Alvkm_v: 61) \S-n-empI Cukm \_n h-Xn-\ptijw am{X-am-Wv.
"cm{Xnsb ]I-en \o ebnn-p-p, ]I-ens\ cm{Xn-bnepw \o ebn-n-pp'
F-Xns hnh-, cm{Xnsb ]Ientaepw, ]I-ens\ cm{Xnbntaepw Npnp-h
Fv kpa: 5 ]d-Xv Xs-bmWv.- "Npnp-h' F ]dXn `qanbpsS
tKmfm-Ir-Xn-p sXfn-hv e`n-pp-v. AhX-s-bmWv cmhn-s\bpw ]I-en-s\bpw
Hn-\p-]p-dsI asmmbn sImp-hc
- p-h
- Fv ^pJm: 61-epw ]d-n-p-v. "Poh\nm--h-bn\nv Poh-\p--hbpw, Poh-\p--h-bn\nv Poh-\n-m--hbpw ]pd-s-Sphnnpp' Fp]d--Xns hnh-, An-bn\nv amhpw amhn\nv Anbpw,
apbn\nv tImgnbpw tImgn-bn\nv apbpw, C{n-b-p-n-bn\nv hnI-kn-n-sSp ico-c-n \memw amk-n Bhm-ln-n dqlv ths-Spn acn-n-p--Xpw,
Im^n-dn\nv hnizm-kn-sbbpw hnizm-kn-bn\nv Im^n-dn-s\bpw sImp-h-cp-Xpw
Amlp Xs-bmWv FmWv (_Jd: 258 t\mpI).
Ah Dt-in-p--h v IW-n-msX hn`-h- \Ipp F-Xns hnh,
ùXnI PohnX hn`-h- \Ip--Xv Imcy-Im-cW _-fpsS ASn-m-\-n- am{X
a Fm-Wv. \njv]-\
-- mb ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I-\mb (dlvam) Amlp ùXnI hn`-h
\In-bn-p--Xv IqSpXepw \ntj-[n-ImWv. AXphgn Ahsc Clnse-nepw
kzKob PohnXw Bkz-Zn-npI-bm-Wv sNp--Xv. ImcWw Ah- ac-W-tm-Sp-IqSn
\c-I-n {]thin--s-Sp--h-cm-Wv. Fm ]c-tem-Iv hnizmkn-Iv am-{X-am-bn
hn`-h- \Ip Icp-Wm-hmcn[n-bmb (d-loamb) Amlp, Cl-tem-Iv Imcy-Im-cW-_--n-\-Xo-Xambn hnizm-kn-Iv am{Xw `-W-hn-`-h-fpw klm-b-fpw \Ipp. An-kmAv: 139 Amlp ]d-bpp: hnizm-kn-Isf Hgn-hm-n-sImv kXy-\n-tj[n-Isf X-fpsS an{X--fmbn kzoIcn-h-cm-W-h (ap-\m-^n-Jp-I), Im^n-dp-I-fpsS ASp-
Ben-Cw-dm (3)
295
mtWm Apw {]Xm-]hpw At\z-jn-p--Xv?, Fm \nbw Apw {]Xm-]hp-samw Am-lp-hn\p-Xm-Ip-p. ap\m-^n-Jq: 8, Am-lp-hn\pw Ahs ZqX\pw
hnizm-kn-Ip-amWv {]Xm-]-sa-pw, Fm I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I B hnhcw Adn-bpn
Fpw ]d-n-p-v. bq\p-kv: 65, Ah-cpsS hmp-I \ns Zp:Jnnt-, \nbw
inbpw {]Xm-]hpw apgp-h\pw Am-lp-hns ]-em-sWv ]d-n-p-v. (kzm^v^mv:
180 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). ^mnl: 2, Ben-Cw-dm: 14-15 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
28.
hnizm-kn-I hnizm-kn-IsfqSmsX \ntj-[n-Isf B-an-{X-f

- mbn kzoIcn-p-Ib
- n-. Bsc-nepw As\ sNp-p-sh-n Ahv Am-lp-hpambn
Hcp _-hp-an-. kqva-X- ]men-psImv AhtcmSv kl-I-cn-p--sXm
gn-sI. Amlp Ahs\-p-dnpXs \nsf PmK-cq-I-cmp-p. \n-fpsS-sbmw aS-hpw Am-lphntev Xs-bmWv.
Xu_: 23- Amlp hnizm-kn-Isf hnfnv ]d-bpp: Hm hnizm-kn-Itf, \n-fpsS

]nXm-amcpw ktlm-Z-cfpw hnizm-k-t-m IqSp-X \ntj-[-n\p {]m[m\yw
\Ip-p-sh-n Ahsc \n B-an-{X-ambn sXsc-s-Sp--cp-Xv\n-fn Bscnepw As\ Ahsc sXsc-s-Sp-m, Atm Aq-- Xs-bmWv A{I-an-I.
hnizm-kn-I hnizm-kn-bmb Am-lp-hns kwLns]-hcmWv. Ah-\mWv AhcpsS
kwc--I\pw Iqp-Im-c\pw (_Jd: 257). Fm Jp-B Inn-bnv aqSn-sh-p \ntj[-nIfpw A{I-an-Ifpw sXm-SnI-fpamb I]-S-hn-izmknIfpsS (am-CZ: 44, 45,47 t\mpI)
kwc--I-mcpw tXmg-mcpw hnhn-[--fmb XmKzq-pI-fm-Wv. Ah Im^n-dmb ]nimNns kwL-mcpw, ]nim-Nn-t\m-sSmw \c-I-n kl-h-kn-t--h-cp-am-Wv. Atm
Acw Im^n-dp-ItfmSv (Ah amXm-]n-Xm-, -C-W-Xp-W-I, ktlm-Z-c-k-tlm-Z-cnI
-Ahv kwc-Ww sImSp--h, t\Xm- A\p-bm-bn-I XpSn Bcp-X-s-bmsW-nepw) Cu temI-p-shv a\--dnv kl-I-cn-m ]mSn-. Fm, \n_-nXm-h--bn Alv: 106107 kqfpsS Bi-b-apsm-p-sImv kl-I-cn-msa--msX, a\m Ah-cp-ambn Cl-n kl-I-cn--cp-Xv Fv kmcw. Am-]w
]c-n tJZn-t-n-h-cp cwKw ^pJm: 29, kpKvdp^v: 67 kq--fn ap-dn-bnv
\In-bn-p-v. (An-km-Av: 135, Xu_: 24, apPm-Zne: 22 Iqnhmbn-p-I). Npcp--n
Jp-B-\ns XW-en-ep _w am{Xta ]c-tem-Iv {]tbm-P-\-s-Sp-I-bp-q. Am
_-s
- fmw ]c-kv]cw ]gn-Nm-cp-Xpw i{Xp-Xb
- n-ep-am-bn-cn-pw. AXp-Xs
- -bmWv \_n(k) ]Tn-n-X
- v: \n-f
- n-sem-cmfpw hnizm-kn-If
- m-hp-Ib
- n-Xs C Rm sImp-hXns\
(Jp-B-\n-s\) ]n]-p--Xp-hsc. _Jd: 2,121,135,254 t\mpI.
29.
\_ntb ]d-bp-I: \n-fpsS lrZ-b--fn-ep--Xns\ \n ad-p-sh-mepw

As-n AXv \n shfn-s-Sp-n-bmepw Amlp AXdn-bp-p-v.
BIm-i--fn-ep- FmHpw `qan-bn-ep-- FmHpw Ah Adn-bp-ph-tm. Amlp Fm Imcy-n\pw Ign-hp k-i-- Xs-bm-Ipp.
Amlp lrZ-b--fpsS Ah Adn-bp--h-\m-sWpw Ah-\n\nv Bpw

Fhn-sSbpw Ftmgpw Hpw Hfn-n-p-sh-m km[y-a-spap t_m[-n kZm
\ne-sIm-p-Ibpw, ]nim-Nn-s\bpw Ahs kwL-m-scbpw a\-km--hm-Nm--IaWm
296
JpB\ns Bmhv
shdpp Ibpw Ah-tcmSv hntcm[wshp-Ibpw thWsapw Iev]n-p-p. (_-Jd: 255,284,

Ben-Cw-dm: 5 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I)
30.
Fm Hmtcm Bmhpw AXv {]hn \bpw AXv {]hn Xnbpw

lmP-cm--s-Sp Hcp Znhkw Isp-Xm-Wv. Av Ah-sbpw AXnsbpw CS-bn AXn-hn-Zq-c-amb AI Dm-bn-cp-s-n F{X \mbn-cp-tt\ Fh B{K-ln-pw. Amlp Ahs\-p-dnpXs \nsf
PmK-cq-I-cmp-p. Am-lp-hm-Is Xs ASn-a-I-tfmSv Ghpw Ir]-bp-h\pamIp-p.
Fm Hmtcm BmhpwBWmbn-cn--s, s]mbncn--sAh km-Zn-p-Xv

\-bm-sW-n AXpw, Xn-bm-sW-n AXpw HcpZnhkw (hn-[n-Zn-h-kw) ImWp--Xm
Wv. kzKhpw \c-Ihpw Ah-c-hXs km-Zn-t-XmsW-v Cu kqhpw ]Tn
npp. "AXn-sbpw Ah-sbpw CS-bn' Fp]d--Xns hnh-, Ip-hm-fn-bmb
Bm-hn-sbpw kzoI-cn--s-Sm {]hr-n-I-fpsSbpw CS-bn Fpw, As-n
Ahsbpw B Znh-k-n-sbpw CS-bn Fp-am-Wv. \-_Av: 40-, Cmcyw Amlp
ap-dn-bnp \Ip-Xv ImWp-I: Hmtcm hyn-bpw Ah apIqn Hcp-nsh--Xv
ImWpZn\w \ntj[n ]dpt]mIpw: Hm, Fs \miw! Iw! Rm ambno
sn F{X \m-bn-cp-t-t\ Fv (A-n-km-Av: 42 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
"Amlp Ahs\pdnv \nsf PmK-cq-Ic
- m-p-Ib
- mWv' Fp]d-X
- ns hnh,
Amlp ]c-tem-Iv hcmt]mIp FmImcy-fpw Jp-B-\n \nsf DWnbn-p-Xn-\m kzKhpw \c-I-hp-samw Hmtcm-c-p-cpw km-Znt-Xm-Ipp FmWv.
A-msX \n \cIw km-Zn--Xn\v Amlphns\tbm ]nim-Nn-s\tbm IpsSpnbnv {]tbm-P-\-ap-mhp-I-bn. "Am-lp-hm-Is Xs ASn-a-I-tfmSv Ghpw Ir]-bp-h-\pam-Ipp'FXns hnh-, ]c-tem-I-p-sh-v Bpw Hpw Xncp-m km[ya-sv a\-n-emnsmv, ClnshpXs Hmtcm-cp-cpw km-Zn-pXv
\cIamtWm kzK-amtWm Fv Xqn-t\mn a\-n-em-m ]p-- Xpem-kmb JpB-\ns Bibw \Inbh Fm-Wv. (BenCwdm: 185 Iqnhmbn-p-I). _Jd:
213,207,272,286, Ben-Cw-dm: 25 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
31.
\_ntb ]d-bp-I: \n Am-lp-hns\ C-s-Sp-p-sh-n Atm

\n Fs ]n]-p-I, Amlp \nsf C-s-Sp-Ibpw \n-fpsS ]m]
\n--h s]mdppXcn-Ibpw sNpw. Amlp Gsds]mdp-pIcp-Wm-hm-cn-[n-btm.
32.
]d-bp-I: \n Am-lp-hn-s\bpw {]hm-NIs\bpw A-\p-k-cn-p-I. C\n

Ah ]nn-cn-bp-I-bm-sW-n, Atm \nbw Amlp Im^n-dp-Isf
C-sSpI-bn--X-s.
Amlphns ASp-tv Fn-s-Sm B{K-ln-p--h Ahs ZqXs\ ASnapX apSnhsc ]n]--Ww. liv: 7 Amlp ]d-bpp: \nv {]hm-N-I
FmtWm \In-b-Xv, AXv \n kzoI-cn-p-I, {]hm-NI FtmtWm \ntcm-[n-
Ben-Cw-dm (3)
297
Xv, AXv \n hn-pIbpw sNp-I. \n Am-lp-hn-s\ kqnp-I, \nbw

Ah ITn-\-ambn inn-p--h Xs-bm-Wv. lpP-dm-v: 14- Amlp ]d-bpp:
\n Am-lp-hn-s\bpw Ahs ZqX-s\bpw A\p-k-cn-p-I-bm-sW-n \n-fpsS
{]h-\-sfmpw ]mgm-bn-tm-hp-I-bn-. \nbw Ah Gsd s]mdp-p--h-\pw,
Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[n-bp-a-tm. An-km-Av: 80-, BcmtWm {]hm-NIs\ A\p-k-cn--Xv,
Atm Ah Am-lp-hns\ A\p-k-cn-p, BcmtWm {]hm-N-I-\n\nv ]nn-cn-Xv,
Atm \ns \mw Ah-cpsS kqn-p-Im-c-s\mpamn-bn-n- (An-km-Av: 59,65
Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). BCim (d)-tbmSv {]hmN-Is kz`m-h-s-p-dnv tNmZn--tm Ah
adp-]Sn ]d-Xv A-t-l-ns kz`mhw JpB\m-bn-cp-p FmWv. Ckm: 29-epw
ap-n: 19-epw Amlq ]d-bpp: \nbw CXv (Jp-B-\ns samw Bi-bw)
X-fpsS dn--tev Fn-s-Sm-\p-t-in-p--hv Hcp Sn-m-Wv. Ckm: 30-,
\n Dt-in-nv Imcy-an- Amlp Dt-in-msX F-Xns hnh, Am-lp-hnt\mSv Hmtcm-cp-cpw lrZ-bwsImv tNmZnv hm-WsamWv (AIvho: 27-29 Iqnhm-bn-p-I). icnbpw sXpw DWp Jp-B-\ns Bi-bw hmbn-pIbpw, JpB DWp sXp-I lrZ-bw-sImv lrZ-b-ns Ah--I-f-dn-bp Am-lphn-t\mSv Gp]d-bp-Ibpw in-ap Pohn-X-n samw Jp-B kan-p PohnXw
]n]-p-Ibpw thW-sav kpa: 53-55 ]Tn-n-n-p-v. lZo-Zv: 19-, Am-lphns\smpw Ahs ZqXam-sc-smpw hniz-kn--h Xs-bmWv kno-Jo-fpw,
ipl-Zm--fp-sa-pw, Ahv X-fpsS \mYs ASp- {]Xn-^-e-hpw, Ah-cpsS {]Imi-hp-apspw -]-d-n-p-v. _Jd: 3839,143147,166-167,186 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
33.
\nbw Amlp BZ-an-s\bpw \qln-s\bpw C_vdmlow IpSpw-_-sbpw

Cwdm IpSpw-_-sbpw ktemI-cnshv Xs ZuXy-n\pthn
sXcsSpncnpp.-
34.
Ah Htchwi- ns km\]c- cI- Xsbmbn- c p- p.

AmlphmIs Fmw tIp-- k-m-\n-b-tm.
kqd: adn-ban kI-cn-, blvbm, Cukm, C_vdm-low, Ckvlm-Jv, bAvJq_v, aqkm,

lmdq, Ckvam-Cu, CZvcokv Fo {]hm-N-I-mscpdnv A\p-kva-cn--Xn-\p-tijw
58, Aq--sc-m-amWv BZ-ansbpw \qlnt\msSmw hlnn-hcpsSbpw C_vdm-loansbpw Ckvdm-Cuensbpw k-Xn-I-fns] Amlphns A\p{Klw e`n \_n
am Fp-]d
-
np-v. Aqd: 13 Amlp ]d-bpp: \ntm-Spw (apl-Zv \_ntbmSpw)
\qlnt\mSpw C_vdm-lnw, aqkm, Cukm XqS-n-b-h-tcmSpw Dun D]-tZ-in B ZoXs
\nv amKambn (Po-hn-Xk
- c
- W
- n-bm-bn) \n-bn-n-cn-p-p. lpP-dmv: 13 Amlp
]dbpp: Hm! a\pjytc, \nbw- \nsf \mw Hcp BWn\npw s]n\np-amWv
krjvSn-np--Xv. \nsf hnhn[ tZi-mcpw tKm{X-mcpambn Xn-cn-n-p--Xv \n
]c-kv]cw Xncn--dn-bmthn am{X-am-Wv. \nbw, \n-fn Amlphns ASp-
BZ-c-Wob Ahs\ lrZ-b-n kqn-p ap-Jo--fm-Wv. \nbw Amlp
Fmw hebw sNbvX {XnImem\n-b-tm.
Cukm \_n (-A)bpsS amXmhmb adnb-ans ]nXm-hns IpSpw-_s
- -bmWv Cwdm
IpSpw_w F-Xp-sImv ChnsS Dt-in-p-Xv. aqkm \_n-bpsSbpw lmdq \_n-bp
298
JpB\ns Bmhv
sSbpw ]nXm-hns t]cpw "Cwdm' Fm-bn-cp-p (An-km-Av: 163 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).

_Jd: 132133,136,213, Ben-Cw-dm: 19 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
35.
Cwdms kv{Xo {]mn k`w HmtXm-Wv. Fs \mYm, \nbw

Rm Fs hb-n-ep-X
- ns\ \n\v tkh\w sNp-X
- n\pthn {]tXyIw
Dgnpshm t\-bm-n-bn-cn-p-p. Atm \o Fn\nv kzoIcn-m-epw, \nbw \o am{XamWv Fmw tIp k-t{im-Xmhpw Fmadn-bp km\n-bpw.
36.
As\ Ah {]k-hn--tm Ah ]dp: Fs \mYm \nbw

Rm {]k-hn-np-Xv Hcp s]Ip-n-sb-bm-WvAh {]k-hn--sX-msWv Ghpw Adn-bp--h Amlp Xs-bm-Wv. Fm ]pcpj
kv{Xosbtmse-b--tm. Rm Ahv adnbw Fv t]cn-n-cn-p-p.
\nssmv Ah-sfbpw Ah-fpsS km-\-sbpwsXmv Rm i]n-
s ]nim-Nn\nv A`bwtXSp-Ibpw sNp-p.
\_n (k) ]Tn-np: Fm BZw k-Xn-I-sfbpw ]nimNv kv]in-m-Xn-cn-p-I-bn

, Fm Cu {]m\ ImcWw adn-b-ans ]p{X Cukm(A)ans\bpw amXm-hns\bpw
]nimNv kao-]n-p-I-bn-. CW tNcp-tm i]n--s ]nim-Nn\nv Am-lp-hn
icWw tXSm \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. ]pcpj kv{Xosb-tm-se-btm Fp]d-Xns hnh, ]pcp-j\v GI-\mbn GXpcm{Xn-bnepw Fhn-tSbpw Ncn-m-sanepw
kv{Xov Hcp kwc--Is Bh-iy-apv F-Xm-Wv.
37.
Atm Ah-fn\nv Ah-fpsS DS-ab

- mb \mY \\nev Ahsf kzoIcn-p-Ibpw \\nev Xs Ahsf hfp-Ibpw Ah-fpsS cm[nImcw
kI-cn-msb Gn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. FmHmtcm {]mh-iyhpw kIcn
Ah-fpsS ASpv anlvdm-_n {]th-in--tm Ah-fpsS ASpv `-W]m-\o-b
- Ip, Atlw tNmZnp: Hm adnbw Fhn-sS- \n-mWv \n\nsXmw? Ah ]d-p: CXv Am-lp-hn\nm-Wv. \nbw Amlp Ah\ptinp--hsc IW-n-msX Dup-p-htm.
ChnsS ]cm-ain "anlvdm_v' ]n-bn Camav \np e-a-, adnv ]nbn\nv IpdIse GIm-ambn `P-\-an-cn-p--Xn\pthn IqSp-X Db Xdbn
{]tXyIw \nn-n-p apdnbmWv. kI-cnm \_npw {]tXyIw anlvdm_v Dm-bncpXmbn adnbw: 11- ]d-n-p-v.
BZyambn-mWv Hcp kv{Xosb ]n-bpsS tkh-\-n\pthn \n-tbm-Kn-sSpXv.
Atm Ah-cpsS cm-[n-Imcw Bcv Gs-Sp--sW-sav X-ap-m-hp-Ibpw, Ah
ApsImv \dp-s-SppIbpw, hmIyw{]m]n, Ipn-I-fn-m kI-cnm \_nv
kwc--Wm-[n-Imcw e`n-p-Ibpw sNbvXp (B-en-Cw-dm: 44 t\mp-I). amCZ: 114-mw
kq-{]Imcw Cukm \_nbpsS {]m-\v Dcw\Insmv `WfnI Cdp--Xn\papmbn At-l-ns amXm-hmb adn-b-an\v Amlp AZr-iy-amb \ne-bn
`W ]m\o-b- \In-bn-pmbncpp Fv Cu kqw ]Tn-n-p-p. am{X-a,
Ben-Cw-dm (3)
299
Amlp Ah\pt-in-p-h
- v Imcy-Im-cW
- _
- n\Xo-Xa
- mbn IW-n-msX `Ww
\Im Ign-hp--h Xs-bmsWv hnizm-kn-Isf ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNp-p. CXv
I-tm-gmWv X\n-smcp km-\s \Im\pw Am-lp-hn\v Ignbpsa {]Xo
kI-cnm \_nv Dm-bXpw XpSv Atlw AXn-\mbn {]mn-p-Xpw. _Jd:
260, Ben-Cw-dm: 26-27 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
38.
Atm AhnsS kI-cn Xs DS-a-bmb \mYs\ hnfnp {]mn-p:

Fs \mYm, \nn\np ]cn-ip--\mb Hcp k-Xnsb F\nv HuZm
cyambn {]Zm\w sNbvXm-epw, \nbw \o {]m-\-I tIp--h
Xs-btm.
Ipn-I-fp-m-hp-I-bn F ZpxJ-n-eI-s-n-cp kI-cn-, Imcy-Im-c-W-_--n\-Xo-X-ambn adn-b-an\v `Ww e`npXv I-tm DSs\Xs Xs anlvdm_n
t]mbn {]mnp Fm-Wv "Atm AhnsS' F-Xn\npw a\-n-em-t--Xv.
"Imcy-Im-c-W-_an-msX \IpI' FmWv HuZm-cy-ambn {]Zm\w sNpI Fp]d-Xns hnh. hnizmkn-I Ah-cpsS Fv Dt-iy-fpw Ah-cpsS DS-a-bmb \mYt\mSv lrZbwsImv {]mnv \S-n-em-Ww FmWv Ccw kw`-h--fneqsS ]Tnn-p-Xv (adnbw: 26 kq- Iqnhmbn-p-I). C_vdm-low: 39, F\nv Cu hbp-Im-ev Ckvam-Cu-en-s\bpw Ckvlm-Jn-s\bpw HuZm-cy-ambn {]Zm\w sNbvX -Amlphn-\mWv kvXpXn, \n-b-ambpw Fs \mY {]m-\-I tIp--h Xs-bmsWv C_vdmlow ]d-Imcyw A\p-kva-cn-n-p-v. hnizm-kn-Iv am{Xta {]m\-Ipcw Inp-Ib
- p-q, Ah-cpsS {]m-\I
- am{Xta Amlp kzoI-cn-p-Ib
- pq.
^mnl: 1, _-Jd: 98,186 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
39.
kI-cn Xs anlvdm-_n \a-kvIc

- n-p-sImv \nsh, ae-p-I Atls hnfnv ]dp: \nbw, Amlp blvbmsbsmv \ns ktmj-hm Adn-bn-p-p. Atlw Am-lp-hn\np hN-\s kXys-Sp-ph\pw t\Xmhpw B-\n-b-{-W-ap--h\pw, k-\--fns]
\_n-bp-am-bn-cn-pw.
40. (kI-cn \_n) tNmZnp: Fs \mYm F\n-s--s\-bmWv Hcp Ipv

Dm-hpI? \nbw Fs At-b-s hmIyw _m[n-n-cn-pp,
Fs `mcybmIs hy-bp-am-Wv. Amlp ]d-p: A{]-Imcw Amlp
Ah Dt-in-p-Xv {]hn-p-p.
"Am-lp-hn\np hN-\w' Fp]d--Xns hnh, Cukm-bpsS ico-c-amWv.
Ankm-Av: 171-, \nbw adn-b-ans ]p{X Cukm akolv Am-lp-hns ZqX-\pw,
adn-b-an-tev Cp-sIm-Sp Ahs hN-\hpw Ah-\n\n-p Hcp dqlp-am-Ip-p Fp]-d-npv. Cukm \_nv F; Fm- krjvSn-Ipw dqlv Am-lp-hn-t-Xv
Xs-bm-Wv (_Jd: 28 hni-Zo-I cWw t\mp-I). "kXy-s-Sp-pXv' F-Xns hnh,
-Imcy-Im-c-W_-n\v AXo-X-am-bp blvbm \_n-bpsS P\\w Cukm \_n-bpsS
]nXm-hn-m P\-\s kXy-s-Sp-p--Xv FmWv. kv{Xo kwkK-an-m-, `b-`
, hnip-, hnhmlw Ign-m--h Fs-m-am-Wv "FXns Bibw (adnbw:
JpB\ns Bmhv
300
79, 13 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). ^mnl: 6 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.

41. Atlw tNmZn-p: Fs \mYm, F\nsmcp ZrjvSmw (sX-fn-hv) Xmepw,
Amlp ]d-p: \n\-p ZrjvSmw XpS-bmb aqv \mfp-Ifn
BwKywsIm-msX P\--tfmSv kwk-mcn-m Ign-bm-Xn-cn--emWv. \o
\ns dns\ [mcm-f-ambn lrZ-bw-sImv kvacn-p-Ibpw {]tZmjfnepw
{]`m-X--fnepw Ahs\ hmgvnsmn-cnpIbpw sNpI.
{]tZmjfnepw {]`m-X--fnepw Fp]d-Xv, Fm-bvtmgpw; aKvcn_v apX
CimAvhscbpw, ^Pv apX kqtcym-Z-bw-h-sc-bp ka-bv {]tXy-Inpw F-m-Wv.
Cu A`n-kw-t_m-[\
-
- f
- n {]tXy-Inv {in-m-\p-Xv, kI-cnm \_n Am-lp-\nt\mSv
t\cn-mWv tNmZn-p--Xv. Fm adp-]Sn \Ip-Xv ae-p-I aptJ-\-bm-Wv (adnbw:
10-11 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Amlp Hcp a\p-jyt\mSpw Znhy-t_m-[-\-n-eq-sStbm, adv
]nnembn-smtm A-msX kwkm-cn-pIbn Fv Aqd: 51- ]d-n-p-v.
CXv ]Tn-n-p-Xv hnizm-kn-I X-fpsS DS-a-bmb \mY-t\mSv t\cn-mWv tNmZn-pI
Fpw \ntj-[n-I, Fm-Im-cyfnepw Am-lp-hnsbpw Ah-cp-sSbpanS-bn CSbmfamscbpw ip]mi-mscbpw shp-hcm-Wv FmWv. Acw {`mam-cmb
\ntj-[nI \msf \c-I
- nshv \c-I
- ns ]mdm-hp-Im-c\mb "amenn's\ hnfnp]dbp--XmWv: Hm! amen-tI, \ns dv R-fpsS IY-b-v Ign-tm-s (kp-Kvdp^v: 74-78).
apAvan: 49-50, \c-I-n-ep BfpI AXns ]mdm-hp-ImtcmSv ]d-bp--XmWv: inbn\np Hcp-\m Rsfsmv eLq-I-cn-m \n-sfmv {]mn-m-epw. aep- I tNmZnpw: \nv hy- a mb shfn- ] mSpw(kq- - )sImv \nfn\np ZqXam hn-cp-n-tbm? Ah adp-]Sn ]dbpw: AsX; hn-cp-p. aep-I ]dbpw: Fm \nXs {]mnpsImpI, \ntj-[n-I-fpsS {]m\
hgn-tI-Sn-e-m-sX-b-. Chn-sS-shv Am-lp-hn-t\mSv t\cnv {]mn-m km[n-m
\ntj-[n-Iv \msf \c-I-nshpw Am-lp-hnt\mSv t\cnv ]dbm km[n-p-I-bnsv Cu kqsfmw ap-dn-bnv \Ip-p. (kpa: 3, kPZ: 4 Iqn-hm-bn-pI).
42.
ae-p-I hnfnp]d-Xpw Hmt-Xm-Wv. Hm! adnbw, \nbw,

Amlp \ns sXc-s-Sp-p-Ibpw \ns ipo-Ic
- n-p-Ibpw, ktemI
kv{XoI-fnshv \ns sXcsSp--Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-p-p.
43.
Hm adnbw, \ns \mY-t\mSv hW--ap--hfpw Ah\v kmmwKw {]W-anp--hfpw Ip\n-bp--h-tcm-sSmw Ip\n-bp--hfpamhp-I.
ktemI kv{XoI-fnshv Ghpw t{ijvTXbp-h \mev kv{XoI-fm-sWv

\_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. (1). Cwdms ]p{Xn adn-bw. (2). Jpssh-en-Zns ]p{Xn JZoP.
(3). apl--Zns aI ^mn-a. (4). ^n-Hus kv{Xo Bky. Alvcow: 1112, ^nHus kv{Xosbbpw adn-b-an-s\-bp-amWv hnizm-kn-Ifmb ]pcp-jampw kv{XoIpw
amXr-Ibmbn Amlp Nqn-m-Wn-n-p-X
- v. "Ip\n-bp-h
- t- cm-sSmw Ip\n-bpI' Fp]dm, \S---fnepw Ccp---fn-epw, InSpIfnepw Fmbvtmgpw Am-lp-hns\
kvacn-pI Fm-Wv. _Jd: 43,152 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Ben-Cw-dm (3)
44.
301
({]hm-N-Im), C-sXmw \mw \n\v Znhyt_m[-\-ambn \Ip ad

hrm--fmIpp. adn-b-ans kwc-Ww Gs-Sp-t-Xv Bcm-sWv
\n-bn-p--Xn\pthn Ah-cpsS A-p-Isfdn--tm (\dps-Sp-
tm) AhcpsSbSpv \o Dm-bn-cp-n-. Ah Xn-p-sIm-n-cp-tmgpw AhcpsSbSpv \o Dm-bn-cp-n-.
bqkp-^v: 102, CsX-m-amWv AZriy-amb kw`-h Ncn-{X-, \mw \n\Xv Znhyk-t-i-ambn \Ip-I-bm-Wv. Ah Hcp-an-p-IqSn Imcy- \S-nemm KqV-X{w
{]tbm-Kn--tm \o Ahn-sSbp-m-bn-cp-n-tm Fp-]-d-bp-p-v (bqkp-^v: 3,111 Iqnhm-bn-p-I). AAvdm^v: 101, \qlv, lqZv, kzmen-lv, ipsF_v, eqv XpS-nb {]hmN-Iam-cpsS Ncn{Xw hnh-cntijw Amlp ]d-bp-p: CsX-m-amWv B \mSp-I-fpsS
hrm--, Ah \n\v hgnphgn-bmbn hni-Zo-I-cnpXcnI-bmWv. \n-b-ambpw
AhcpsS ZqXam hy-amb ZrjvSm---fp-ambn Ah-cn-tev hn-cp-p, Fm
Ah \ntj-[n-I-fm-bn, A{]-Im-c-amWv \ntj-[n-I-fpsS lrZ-b- \mw AS-p-]q-p--Xv
(AI-_q-v: 48-49, Aqd: 52 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 252 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
45.
ae-p-I Ah-tfmSv ]d k`w Hmt-Xm-Wv. Hm adnbw, \nbw

Amlp \ns Ah-\n\np Hcp hN\wsImv ktm-j-hm-b-dnbn-p-p. Atl-ns t]cv "akolmb', adn-b-ans ]p{X Cukm
FmIp-p. Atlw Cl-nepw ]c-nepw A-p--h\pw Am-lphns kmao-]yw knn--h-cn s]h\p-am-Ipp.
P\--fn\nv AIv GIm--bmbn ad-bnem-bn-cp adn-b-ans\ Pn_vco

a\pjycq]n sNmWv Cu hnhcadn-bn--sXv adnbw: 17- ]d-n-p-v (adnbw:
18-20 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). "Aakolv'Fp]d-m, Npn-d
-
- n k-cn-p-h
- , ambvv
If-bp--h Fsmam-Wv Bi-bw. Cukm \_n, IpjvTtcmKn-I-sf-bpw shmv
tcmKn-I-sfbpw XShn Am-lp-hns thpIsImv kpJ-s-Sp-n-bncp-p. {]t_m[\w
sNbvXv `qan-bn Npn k-cnpsImn-cn-s \ntj-[n-I-fmb i{Xp- At-ls
{Iqin-m Xp\n--tm, Amlp ico-c-tmSpIqSnXs At-ls kzK-ntev Dbp-Ibpw sNbvXp (Ben-Cw-dm: 5255, AnkmAv: 157-159 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
Ah-km-\-Im-ev ln-Pm-kn-sem-gn-sI (abpw aZo-\bpw DsSp {]tZ-iw) `qan-bn
Fm-bn-Spw Npndn Ckvem-ans\ ambvpIf-bp "tamtiZbm-em'-b akolpmens\ h[nv, Ip^vdv ambvpIfv samw temI-v Ckvemw \S-n-em-p--Xn\pthn
Cukm \_nsb Amlp `qan-bn-tepXs hopw 33-mw hb-n sImphcp-XmWv. Cm-c-Wfm-emWv At-l-n\v akolv F \maw h-Xv. temIw apgp-h
Npn-d
- n Ckvem-ans\ ambvpIf-bpXpsIm-v "akolv'F \maw Zmen\pw tbmPnpp. Atm "Aa-kolv' F k-\man akolpZm-epw, akolv Cukmbpw
Ds-Sp--Xm-Wv. BZw k-Xn-Iv hcm-\p Ghpw henb ^nXv\ (\m-iw)bmWv
ako-lp--m-em-sWpw, Ahs Xnasbsmv Av t\cs \a-kvImc--fnepw
A-ln-m-n\ptijw \n {]mn--W-sapw \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-pv.
46.
Atlw sXmn-en Bbn-cn-p-tmgpw {]mb-amb tijhpw a\p-jy-tcmSv
JpB\ns Bmhv
302
kwkm-cn-p-Xpam-Wv, Atlw k-\--fn s]-h-\pamIpp.

adn-bw: 29-33 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I.
47.
(adnbw) tNmZn-p: Fs \mYm, Fs\-bmWv F\nv Hcp-Ip-n-bp-m-hpI

Fs Hcp ]pcp-j\pw kv]in-n-nsn-cns? Amlp ]d-p: A{]Imcw Xs-bmWv kw`-hn-p-I, Amlp Ah Cn-p-Xv krjvSn-pp.
Ah HcpImcyw hn[n-m Atm \nbw AXn-t\m-S-h "Dm-hpI'
Fp]d-b-emWv. Atm AXv Dm-bn--gn-p.
J-a: 50- Amlp ]d-bp-p: \psS Iev]\ \S-n-em-hm Iv Ca-sh-p

kabwt]mepw Bh-iy-an- (bmko: 82, adnbw: 20---- 21 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
48.
At-l-n\v thZhpw XXz-m-\hpw Xudmpw Coepw ]Tn-n-p-Xp-am-Wv.
49.
Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-I-fn-tev Atls ssZh-Zq-X-\mbn \ntbm-Kn-pIbpw sNpw. \nbw, Rm \n-fpsS DS-ab

- mb \mY-\n\nv Hcp ZrjvSmhpw (sX- f n- h v ) sImmWv \n- f n hn- p- - X v , \nbw Rm
\nv Ifn-a
- n\nv ]n-bpsS cq]apm-p-Ib
- pw, Rm\Xn DuXpI-bpw, Atm AXv Am-lp-hns thpIsImv Hcp ]n-bm-bn-ocp-Ibpw sNpw. Am-lp-hns thp-I-bm Rm Aamscbpw
]mWvUv tcmKn-I-sfbpw kpJ-s-SppIbpw, acn--hsc Pohn-n-p-I-bpw,
\n `n-p-sX-m-sWpw, hoSp-I-fn kqnv shn-cn-p--sXm- s Wpw \nv hnhcw ]dpXcn- I bpw sNpw. \nbw
\nXn-semcp Zr-jvSm--ap-v\n hnizm-kn--I-fm-sW-n.
"Am-lp-hns thp-I-tbm-Sp-IqSn'Fp]d-Xv, krn-I Am-lp-hn-t\mSv

{]mn-p-Ibpw, {]m-\v Dcw\In Ahs krjvSn-I-fn-eqsS Amlp AXv
\S-n-em-p-I Fm-Wv. d-AvZv: 38, C{_mlnw: 11, apAvan: 78 Fo aqv kq--fnepw
Am-lp-hns thpI IqSmsX Hcp ZqX\pw Hcp ZrjvSmhpw (Znhym-pXw) sImph-cm km[y-a--Xs Fp]-d-n-p-v. "AIvalv' F]Z-n\v AX Fpw
IpjvTw Fpw Bi-b-ap-v.
acn--hsc Cukm (\-_n) Pohn-n-n-cp-Xv kqd: apv Hmw dIv-A-nepw, kqd:
kPZ cmw dIv-A-nepw ]mcm-b-Ww-sNbvXv kpZoL-ambn cv dI-Av \akvIcnXn\ptijambncpp. Am-lp-hns\ hn-p-Ibpw ]pI-gvp-Ibpw sNbvXXn-\p
tijw Hm BZyanm-h-t\, Hm tKm]y-t\, Hm \nXyt\, Hm CWXpWbnm--h-t\,
Hm GIt\, Hm H-bmt\, Hm ]q-\mb kzm{ibt\ XpS-nb "Akvam-D lpkv\' Ifns] Ggpt]cp-I hnfn-v ans\ Pohn-n-mthn Am-lp-hn-t\mSv {]mnp-p. av Fgp-tm Ah--bn hopw: Hm kzbw Pohn-n-cn-p-ht\,
Hm ap--hsc Pohn-n-p--h-t\, Hm Amlv, Hm ]ca-Im-cp-Wn-It\, Hm tJmPcmPmhmb Xp-cmt\, Hm BIm-i`qanIfp-sSbpw Ah-n-S-bn-ephbp-sSbpw {]Im-i-ta, Hm
Ben-Cw-dm (3)
303
al-mb knwlm-k-\-ns DS-a-bm-bn-p \mYm, XpS-nb Ggv t]cp-I hnfn-v

"Am-lp-hns thpI' sImv Fgp-tpI Fv {]mnmbn-cpp acn--hsc
Pohn-n-n-cp-Xv.
48-mw kq-n Cukm \_nv AIn-Xm_v ]Tn-n-p--Xm-Wv Fp-]-d-Xv
At-l-n\v Jp-B ]Tn-n-n-cpp FmWv (_-Jd: 2 t\mp-I). AXn kqd:
apv BZyhpw kqd: kPZ ]no-Sp-am-bn-cp--Xn-\m-emWv Cukm \_n Hmw dI-An kqd: appw cmw dI-A-n kqd: kPZbpw ]mcm-bWw sNbvXXv. 49-mw
kq-n ]d Zrm--fmWv 48-mw kqn ]d lnIvav sImpt-inp-X
- v. Ckvdm-Cu kXn-Ifn-tev \ntbm-Knp-Xn-\p-th-n-bmWv Cukm \_nsb
Xudmpw Coepw ]Tn-n-Xv Fn AIn-Xm-_mb Jp-B ]Tn-n--Xv, temIv
samw Ckvemw \S-n-em-p--Xn-\p-thnbp cmwhc-hns\ Dt-in-p-sIm-m-Wv.
_Jd: 269, Ben-Cw-dm: 23 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Cu Znhym-p-Xsfmw Cukm \_n-bpsS Ign-hmsWv hnizknphcpw, Amlp-hns apAvPnk-p-I-fn hniz-kn-msX CsXmw hy-amb amc-W-amWv Fp]dbp--hcpw Im^n-dp-I-fm-Wv (amCZ: 110- Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). bYm hnizm-kn-I, hn[n-pXpw \S-n-em-p-Xpsamw Am-lp- XsbmsWv hniz-kn-p-Ibpw, Ah-\n
`ctanv Ahs {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmbn, Ah\pthn am{Xw, Ahs {]hm-N-Iamsc
kXy- s - S pnsmv Pohn- p- - h cpamWv . bq\pkv : 100, Am- l p- h ns
thpIIqSmsX Hcp \^vkn\pw hniz-kn-m km[y-a- Fp]d-n-p-v. AXm-bXv
kamKw Hmtcm-cp-cpw Ah-chcpsS dn-t\mSv tNmZn-p-hm--W-sa-mWv. _-Jd:
91,213,234,255 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
50.
Fs apn- e p Xudm- ns\ kXy- s - S ppXn\pw \nv

\njnam-sncp Nne Imcy- A\p-h-Zn-pXcp--Xn-\pamWv Rm
\ntbm-Kn--s-n-p-Xv. \nfpsS DS-a-bmb \mY-\n\nv \nv
hy-amb Hcp ZrjvSmw Rm sImphcn-Ibpw sNbvXn-p-v. Atm
\n Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-b-n kqn-p-Ibpw, \n Fs A\pk-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-I.
\njn--am-n-bn-p NneXv A\p-h-Zn-p--Xn\pthn-bmWv Fs \ntbm-Kn-n-pXv Fp]d-X

- n\nv Amlp \njn-a
- mn-bXv F-, PqXam Xn-{- ]Imcw
\njn--am-n-b-Xv FmWv (ABw: 146, Alv: 118 Iqn-hm-bn-pI).
51.
\nbw Amlp Fsbpw \n-fp-sSbpw DS-a-bmb \mY-\m-Wv. Atm

\n Ah\pthn am{Xw Pohn-p-I. AXm-Ipp Ghpw sNmmb
amKw.
kpKvdp^v: 64, adnbw: 36 Fo kq--fpw Cu Bi-b-n-epXmWv. Am-lphn\pthn am{Xw Pohn-p-I Fp]d-m, Amlp DS-a-bm-sW-pw ap--h-scmw
ASn-a-I-fm-sWpw kXn-p-sImv, Am-lp-hns Xr]vXn-bn ap--hsc Xr]vXn-sSp-I-bpw, Am-lp-hns tIm]-n ap--h-tcmSp tIm]w]pep-I-bpw, Am-lp-hns
304
JpB\ns Bmhv
Xr]vXn-bn \Ip-I-bpw, Am-lp-hns AXr-]vXn-bn ap--hv \Im-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw

sNbvXpsImv Am-lp-hns {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmbn Ahs kz`mhw shp]pen Pohnp hnizm-kn-I-fm-hp-I F-m-Wv. ABw: 153- Am-lp ]d-bpp: CXmWv t\sc
-sNm-s-bp Fs amKw, Atm \n AXv ]n]-p-I, Cu GI-amK-n\nv
`nn-n-p hnhn[ amK-- \n ]n]-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNphn, AXmWv \ntfmSv D]-tZ-in-phm-\p--Xv--\n- kqva-X-bp--h-cm-Ip--Xn\pthn (An-km-Av:
135, Xu_: 23-24, apPm-Zne: 22, ap\m-^n-Jq: 89 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). ^mn-l: 4,6, _Jd:
52.
Ah-cn \ntj[w Itm Cukm Ah-tcmSv tNmZnp: Am-lp-hn-tev

Fs klm-bn-m Bcp-v? lhm-cnI ]dp: R Amlp-hns
klm-bn-If
- m-Wv, R Am-lp-hn-s\-smv hnizkn-p. \nbw R
Amlp-hn\v kkzw kan-hcmsWv \o kmyw hlnmepw.
CkvdmCu k-Xn-I- hniz-kn-m Iqm-m-Xn-cp--tm lhm-cn-ofmb

]Xnaqv t] am{X-amWv Am-lp-hns amKw P\-v Fn-p-sIm-Sp-m Xmdmb-Xv. Ah-cn Hcm-fmb kmkv (Pq-Zm-kv) Cukm \_n-p-thn {Iqin-s-Sm\pw
Xm-dm-bn. kz^v-^v: 14- lhm-co--sf ]cm-ain-p-Xv sImm-Wv B kqd-n\v lhm-cn-q F t]cpw e`n-Xv.
53.
R-fpsS \mYm, \o Ah-X-cn-n--Xn R hniz-kn-p-Ibpw, R

ZqXs\ ]n]-p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-p-p. Atm kmnItfmsSmw
Rsf \o tcJ-s-Sp-n-bm-epw (Fh {]mn-p).
"ZqXs\ R ]n]-n-bn-cn-pp' Fp]d--Xnse ZqX lhm-cn-o--fpsS

Imcy-n Cukm \_nbm-Wv. Fm \Pvdm-\n\nv aZo-\-bn- apl-Zv \_n-bpsS
ASpph AZn-p_v\p lmXnans t\Xr-Xznep ss{IkvXh kwL-ns {]Jym
]-\w IqSn-bmWv Cu kqw. AhcpsS Imcy-n- "R ZqXs\ ]n]-p--h-cmWv'
Fp-]-d--Xnse ZqX apl-Zv \_nbmWv.
54.
Ah KqV-X{w {]tbm-Kn-p, Am-lphpw KqV-X{w {]tbm-Kn-p. Amlp-hm-Is KqV-X{w {]tbm-Kn-p--h-cn Ghpw anIh-\-tm.
Cukm \_nsb Ipcn-in-tep-Xn-\p-thn PqX-m \S-nb KqV-X-{-s-bmWv

ChnsS ]cm-ainp--Xv. CXp-t]mse apl-Zv \_nsb h[n-m aZo-\-bn-ep
PqXamcpw KqVX{w sa\-n-cp-p. C{_mlow: 46-, Fm {]hm-N-Iampw
hnizm-kn-IpsaXn-cmbn I]Shnizm-kn-I FmImepw KqVX{w {]tbm-Kn-ncpp Fpw, Fm aeXs \om DX-Ip Ah-cpsS KqV-X{wsImv {]hmN-Iam-sctbm, Am-lp-hn `c-tan hnizm-kn-I-sftbm HpwsNm km[npIbnspw ]d-bp-p. Chv app Bfp-Ifpw \nbw X{- sa\-npv. X{- apgp-h\pw Am-lp-hns ]-em-Ip-p. Fm Bmhpw km-Zn-pXv Fsv Ah Adn-bp-p, AXp-sImv BmWv Zpjn `h-\-sav \ntj-[nI Adn-bp-I-Xs sNpw (d-AvZv: 42).
Ben-Cw-dm (3)
305
\wev: 45-49, kmenlv \_n-sb YaqZv P\-X-bn-tev {]hm-N-I-\mbn Ab-n-p-mbn-cp-p. Fm At-ls kzoI-cn-m Ah Xm-dm-bn-. \nsbpw \ns IqsSbp--h-scbpw Zp:Ip-\-am-bn-mWv R ImWp-sXv Ah ]d-p. kmenlv
\_n ]dp: \n-fpsS Zp:Ip\w Am-lp-hns ]em-Wv, A; \n ]co-n-s-Sp Hcp P\X Xs-bm-Ip-p. Ah-cn `qan-bn \miwhnX-p-, kpIrXw sNm- HXv tKm{Xmcp-m-bn-cp-p. Ah kmen-ln-s\bpw At-l-ns IpSpw-_sbpw Hcp cm{Xn-bn h[n-m\pw, ]ns Ahs cm-[n-Im-cn-tbmSv "R \ns
IpSpw-_mw-K-sf sIm-Xn\v kmn-I-f, R kXyw ]d-bp--h Xs-bm-Wv'
Fv Am-lp-hn BW-bn-p-sImv ]d-bm\pw Xocp-am-\n-p. 50-, Ah Ah-cpsS
KqV-X-{- sa\-p, \mw \psS X{hpw sa\-p. Fm- AX-h Xncn--dnbpn Fpw, 51-, KqV-X{w sa\--h-cpsS ]cy-h-km\w Fmbn-cp-sv t\mnIm-Wp-I, \mw Ah-scbpw Ah-cpsS P\-Xsb apgp-h\pw XIv XcnWamn Fpw]-d-bp-p.
\wev: 68-69, Cu Jp-B ]qn-I-cpsS sIp-I-Y-I-fm-sWv ]d-p-sImv \_nsb Xn--d am apivcnp-ItfmSv ]d-bm \_n-tbmSv Iev]n-pp: \n `qanbn k-cn-p-sImv {`mam-cpsS ]cn-WnXn Fm-bn-cpp Fv t\mn-Im-WpI.
70-, \_n-tbmSv ]d-bpp: \o Ah-cpsS Imcy-n Zp:Jn-cp-Xv, Ah sa\-bp KqVX-{--fn \o a\w-ap-p-I-bp-a-cp-Xv. \lv: 127- Amlp \_n-tbmSv ]d-bpp: \o
an-p-I, \ns a Am-lp-hn-\np--X-msX A. \o Ah-cpsS Imcy-n
ZpxJn-cp-Xv, Ah-cpsS KqVX{n \o a\wapp-Ibpw sN-cpXv. ^mXzn: 10-,
BcmtWm Xn-pthn KqV-X{w sa\-bp--Xv, Ahv AXn-I-Tn-\-amb in-bpv, Ah-cpsS KqV-X{wsImv AhXs kzbw \in-p--Xp-am-Wv Fp-]-d-n-pv. (amCZ: 11, A-Bw: 123-124, AAvdm^v: 99,123, A^m: 30, bq\p-kv: 21, bqkp-^v: 102,
k_-Av: 33 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 234-235,257 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
55.
Amlp {]Jym-]n-Xv Hmt-Xm-Wv. Hm Cukm, \nbw Ctm Rm

\ns Xncn-p-hn-fn-p-Ibpw Fn-tev Dbp-I-bp-w, kXy-\n-tj-[n-Ifn\nv \ns ipoI-cn-p-Ibpw, Ay-\mhsc \ns ]n]n-b-hsc
\ntj-[n-I-fpsS tae-bm-p-Ibpw sNpXmWv. ]ns \n-fp-sS-sbmw
aSw Fn-tev Xs-bm-Wv. Atm \n GsXm-n-emtWm `nnpsIm-n-cp--Xv, AXn Rm \nn-S-bn Xocp-am\w Ievn-p-Xp-am-Ip-p.
56.
Atm Im^n-dp-Isf Cl-nepw ]c-nepw AXnITn-\-amb insImv

Rm inn-pIXs sNpw, Ahv klmbnIfn\nv BcpwXs
Dm-hp-Ibpan.
\ntj-[n-I-fmb PqX]ptcm-ln-Xam Cukm \_nsb {Iqinv sImm tdma

N{I-hn-bpsS KhW-cn kzm[o\w sNep-p-Ibpw, Ah-km\w Ah Cukm \_nsb
]nSnv {IqinmXs Xocp-am-\n-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Cu hnhcw Amlp Cukm \_nsb
Adn-bn--X-\p-k-cnv Cukm \_n, BcmWv F\nv ]Icw {Iqin--s-Sm Xm-dp-Xv,
Ahv kzKn FsIqsS kl-h-knmw Fv aqv k`--fn-embn tNmZnp.
306
JpB\ns Bmhv
Atmsgmw lhm-cn-ofns] kmkv (Pq-Zm-kv) Rm Xm-dmsWv adp-]Sn

sImSp-p. tdma ]mfw Cukm \_nsb ]nSn-m h-tm km-kns apJw
Cukm\_n-bpsS apJw t]msebmn Amlp amn-a-dn-p-Ibpw (Ckm 28 t\mpI),
Cukm \_nsb Hcp Npg-en-mv aptJ\ ico-c-tmSpIqSnXs Ah-\n-tev DbpIbpw sNbvXp. Ankm-Av: 157-158 Amlp ]d-bpp: At-ls Ah Ddmbpw
sImn-n-, Fm Amlp At-ls Ah-\n-tev Dbp-I-bm-Wpm-b-Xv.
Amlp AP--\mb X{-m\n Xs-btm. At-ls Dbn FXnse "lp'
]pcp-js\ ico-c-tm-Sq-Iq-Sn-bm-Ip-tm-gmWv {]tbm-Kn-p-I, Bmhv am{X-am-sW-n
"lm' FmWv D]-tbm-Kn-p-I. Cu kq-n \ns Xncn-p-hn-fnpw \ns Dbpw
FXnse "I' ]pcpjs ico-cn\mWv {]tbm-Kn-p-I, Bm-hn-\m-sW-n "In'
FmWv {]tbm-Kn-p-I (B-en-Cw-dm: 43 t\mp-I).
An-km-Av: 159 Amlp ]d-bpp: \nbw thZ-hml-I-cn \np--h Atl-s-smv, At-l-ns ac-W-n-\p-apv hniz-kn-m-Xn-cn-p-I-bnXs. Jnbmap-\m-fn Atlw Ahs-Xnsc kmywhln-p--Xp-am-Wv. "ChnsS AhsXnsc kmyw-h-ln-p-'sav ]d--Xv, BenCwdm: 51- ]Tn-n--Xn\v hncp--ambn
Cukm \_n-sbbpw amXm-hn-s\-bpw Am-lp-hn-s\-q-Sm-sX-bp Cem-lp-I-fmbn sXscs-Spv \ntj-[n-I-fm-bn- Xohs-Xn-sc-bm-Wv. amCZ: 116-117, Cukm \_nsb
hnNm-cW sNp \mfn Atlw ]d-bpw: \osbmtWm FtmSv ]d-bm Iev]nXv AX-m-sX Rm\-h-tcmSv ]d-n-n-. AXm-bXv \n Fsbpw \n-fp-sSbpw
DS-a-bmb Am-lp-hns {]Xn-\n-[n-Ifmbn Pohn-p-I Fv. Rm Ah-cnep Imetmfw AXn\v kmnbp-ambncp-p. XpSv Cukm \_n (A) Am-lp-hn-t\mSv ]d
bpw: Atm Fs \o ]q-ambn FSp--tm (i-co-c-tm-Sp-IqSn Dbn-b-tm)
\o Xs-bm-bn-cp-tm Ah-cpsS tat\m--m-c, \o Fm-Im-cy-n\pw kmn-bp-atm. ChnsS Fs \o acn-n--tm) Fv ]d-bp--Xn-\p-]-Icw Fs \o Xncn-p-hnfn--tm) Fp]d--Xns hnh, Cukm \_nsb ico-c-tmSpIqSn Xs-bmWv
BIm-i-tv DbnbXv FmWv. _Jd: 260 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI
Jnbm-ap\m-fn\papv, ako-lp--m-ens\ h[nv Ckvem-w temIv Fmhpw
]cnNb-s-Sp-p--Xn\pthn, 33-mw hb-n Dbnb Cukm \_nsb AtX hbnXs `qan-bn-tev sImp-hc
- p-XmWv. kpKvdp^v: 61- Amlp ]d-bpp: \nbw
At-ls (Cukm-sb) \mw Ay-aW
- n-q-dns Adn-hmnshn-cn-pp. Av ss{IkvX-hcpw sslhcpw Cukm \_nsb AwKo-I-cn-p-Xm-Wv. \mSp-I-fpsS tI{amb a
Bm-\-amn Cukm\_n `cWw \S-p-Ibpw, temIw samw H Zo, H Jn_ve,
HtcZnhkw s]cp-m, t\mv Fmw \S-n hcp--Xp-am-Wv. Ggv sIms `cWtijw 40-mw hb-n Atlw acn-p-Xpw aZo-\-bn apl-Zv \_n (k) bpsS
ASp-v Hgn-n-n-cn-p J_dn adhv sNpXp-amWv. adnbw: 33, Rm P\n-p
\mfnepw, Rm acn-p \mfnepw, Rm hopw ]p\Po-hn-n--s-Sp \mfnepw
Fsta kam-[m-\-apv Fv sXmn-enshv Cukm \_n kwkm-cn--Xmbn ]-dn
pv. CXn\npw Cukm \_n {Iqin--sv {]bm-k-sv acn-n-n Fpw, kam-[m\-tmSv IqSn-bmWv acn-pI Fpw a\-kn-em-m-hp--Xm-Wv. Ben-Cw-dm: 45 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I.
Ben-Cw-dm (3)
307
"\ns ]n]-n-b-hsc Ay-\m-fp-hsc Im^n-dp-IfpsS tasebmp'sav ]d-Xns hnh, PqX-cpsSta ss{IkvX-hv m\w \Ipw F-, adnv Fm {]hmN-Iam-scbpw Cukm \_n-sbbpw ]n]-p bYm hniz-mkn-Iv \ntj-[n-IfpsSta m\w \Ip-Ibpw, Cl-nepw ]c-nepw Ah am{X-am-bn-cnpw hnP-bnIsfpw {]Jym-]n-p-I-bm-Wv. Fm Cv CsXmw hni-Zo-I-cn-p Jp-B\ns
Bibw aqSn-sh-p apkven-fn\np hnizm-kn-I-f-m--h-cmWv Im^n-dp-I.
AhcmWv Cv temIv Fhn-sSbpw \ny-Xbpw A[x-]-X-\-hpw A\p-`-hn-p--Xv. ]cn AXnITn-\-amb in-bn-tev Ahsc Xn-hn-Sp-Ibpw sNp-sav _Jd: 85-epw
Ben-Cw-dm: 10-epw ]d-n-p-v.
57.
hniz-kn-pIbpw kI- {]hn-p-Ibpw sNp-hv AhcpsS {]Xn-êw ]q-ambn \IsSp--Xm-Wv. Amlp A{I-an-Isf
CjvS-s-Sp-IbnXs.
6236 kq- kan-p Am-lp-hns\ Iv hniz-kn-p-Ibpw, Ah-c-hsc

Xncn--dn-bp-Ibpw, PohnXeyw a\-n-emn ChnsS kzKw ]Wn-bp-Ibpw sNbvX-hv,
Ah ]WnX kzKw Amlp A\--c-h-Im-i-ambn \Ip--Xm-Wv (_Jd: 38,186 hniZo-I-cWw t\mp-I). Cu kq-n ]d A{I-an-I ap kq-n ]d
Im^n-dp-I Xs-bm-Wv. Ben-Cw-dm: 140Dw Amlp A{I-an-Isf CjvS-s-Sp-Ibn
F Bi-b-n-emWv Ah-km-\n-p--Xv. "\nbw Ah A{I-an-Isf CjvS-s-Sp-IbnXs' Fp-]-d-psImmWv Aqd: 40 Ah-km-\n-p--Xv. _Jd: 39,121,254 hniZo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
58. {]hm-N-I-tc, CsXmw \mw \ns tInpsImn-cn-p kq-fpw
XXz-\n`-c-amb lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn-ep-ap A\p-kva-c-W-hp-amIpp.
Jp-B-\ns Bm-hn\v "AnIv' Fp]d-bpp. AXv a\p-jy-cpsS lrZ-bns
`mjbn-ep Jp-B\ns Bibam-Wv. bmko: 69, CsXmcp ZnIvdpw, hy-amb
Jp-B-\p-a-msX asmp-a Fpw kzmZv: 1, ZnIvdmb Jp-B-\p-amWv kXyw Fpw
]-d-n-p-v. Jp-B\ns Bibw a\-n-em-m hfsc Ffp--am-n-bn-p-sv kqd:
Jadn \mev {]mhiyw Bhnv ]d-n-p-v. bmko: 2, lIo-amb (X-Xz-\n`camb) Jp-B FmWv ]d-s-n ChnsS lIo-amb ZnIv FmWv ]d--Xv.
CXp \n\pw \ns P\-X-p-ap Hcp DWem-Wv, AXns\pdnv \n tNmZyw
sN-s-SpIXs sNp-sav kpKvdp-^v: 44 ]d-n-p-v (^pn-e-v: 40-44 Iqn-hmbn-p-I). Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-amb ZnIvdn \nmWv ]nimNv XS-bp-I. hni-Zo-I-cWn\v
apJ-hpcbnse "AnIv' F `mKhpw, ^mn-l-bpsS apJ-hp-cbpw, BenCwdm: 44 hniZo-I-c-Whpw t\mp-I.
59.
\nbw Am-lp-hns ASp- Cukm-bpsS D]a BZ-ans D]a t]msebm-Ip-p. BZ-ans\ Ah an\nv krjvSn-p. ]ns Ah-t\mSv
]dp: Dm-hp-I, Atm Atlw Dm-bn.
]nXmhpw amXmhpanm Am-l-hns krjvSn-bmWv BZw. apsImv icocw
JpB\ns Bmhv
308
krjvSn-v Ahs dqlv AXn Bhm-ln--tm BZw a\p-jy-\m-bn. \nkm-Av: 171-

CukmbpsS icocw "Dm-hpI' F hN-\-hpw dqlv Ah-t-Xm-sWpw ]d-n-p-v.
]nXm-hn-m Am-lp-hns krjvSnv DZm-l-c-W-amWv Cuk, amXm-hn-m Am-lphns krjvSnv DZm-l-c-W-amWv l, ]nXmhpw amXmhpw ]pWpsImp Amlp-hns krjvSn-Iv DZm-l-c-W-amWv ap a\p-jy-sc-mw (An-km-Av: 1, AAvdm^v:
189, kPZ: 7,9, kpa: 6 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). bmko: 82-, \nbw Ahs\mcp Imcyw Dtin-m "Dm-hpI' Fp]d-b-em-Wv. Atm AXv Dm-bn--gnp Fpw, Alv:
40-, \nbw \mw Hcp-Imcyw DmIW-sav B{K-ln-p]w \psS hmv "DmhpI' Fv ]d-b-em-Wv, Atm AXv Dm-bn--gn-p Fpw ]d-bp-p-v. _Jd: 28
60.
kXyw \ns dns ] \np--Xm-Ip-p. Atm \o Hcn-epw

kwi-bm-ep--fn s]pt]mI-cp-Xv.
61.
Atm At-l-ns Imcy-n \n\v Adnhv hpInn-b-Xn\ptijw

Bsc-nepw \ntmSv Xn-p-p-sh-n \o Ah-tcmSv ]d-bpI: \n
hcp-hn, \apv R-fpsS a-sfbpw, \n-fpsS a-sfbpw, R-fpsS
kv{XoI-sfbpw, \n-fpsS kv{XoI-sf-bpw hnfn-pIqpIbpw, R-fpw \nfpw (H-cp-an-p-Iq-Sp-I-bpw), ]ns \pW]d-bp--h-cp-sS-ta Am-lp-hns
im]w `hn-s Fv \apv kzns\Xn-cmbn im] {]m\ \SpIbpw sNmw.
"ap_mle' (im] {]m-\) Fp]d-m, Ah-c-h ]d-bp-Xv sXm-sWn

Ah-c-h-cpsSta Am-lp-hns im]w Dm-Is Fv Am-lp-hns Imcy-n `nnn-emb hn`m-K- Hcp-an-p-IqSn kzbw {]mn-em-Wv. Cu kqw A\p-k-cnv
kXyw a\-n-em-n-b-tijw a\-m-nv hncp--ambn hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv Xn-m hcp-h-tcmSv hmZ{]Xn-hmZw Cspw ]Icw ap_m-le am{X-am-Wp--sXpw a\-n-em-mhp--Xm-Wv. Cv, Cu ap_m-l-ev Wn-p-Xv Jp-B Inn-bnv hnhn[ kwL-S-\I-fmbn Xncnv apivcn-p-I-fmb apkven-sf-bm-Wv. Fm ap P\-X-v kXyw
a\-n-em-n-sIm-Sp-mthn Ghpw \XpsImv (Jp-B\
- ns Bi-bw-sImv) hnizmknIv kwhm-Z-n Gs-Sm-hp--XmWv (AI-_qv: 46 t\mp-I).
Adnhv Fp]d-m Jp-B\ns Bi-b-am-Wv. lv: 8, epJvam: 20 kq-fn, P\--fn bmsXmcp Adnhpw kamKhpw shfnw\Ip {K-hp-an-msX
Am-lp-hnsImcy-n Xn-Ip--h-cpv Fp]-d-n-Sv, Ad-nhv, kamKw,
shfnw \Ip {Kw FnhsImpt-in-p--Xv Jp-B\ns Bi-bw am{Xam-Wv.
Jp-B {XnIm-e-m-\n-bmb Am-lp-hns {XnIm-e-m-\-am-Wv (_Jd: 169 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I).
62.
\nbw CXv bYm kw`h hnh-cWw Xs-bmWv. Amlp HgnsI Hcp

CemlpanXs. \nbw, Amlp am{X-am-Ipp AP--\mb k {]Xm-
Ben-Cw-dm (3)
309
]nbpw X{-\mb bpn-m-\nbpw.

63.
C\n Ah ]nn-cn-bp-p-sh-n, \nbw Amlp \mi-Im-cn-Isfpdnv

icnpw Adn-bp--h Xs-bm-Wv.
"Jkkv' Fp]d-m, hrm-w, Ncn-{Xw, hni-Zo-I-cWw Fsmw Bi-b-apv. Jp-B kq-mWv ChnsS Jkkv Fp]d-bp--Xv. AJkkv F
t]cn Hcp kqdpXs Jp-B-\n Dv. AAvdm^v: 35 Amlp BZw k-XnIsf hnfnv ]d-bpp: \nv \n-fn\np-, Fs kq Jkkv (hn-i-ZoI-cnpXcp-) sNp ZqXam hm, BcmtWm Ah ]n]-p-Ibpw, PohnXw \mn-op-Ibpw sNbvX-Xv, Atm Ah-cp-sSta `b-s-Sm-t\m, Ahv ZpxJn-mt\m
CS-h-cn-I-bn- (_Jd: 38 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). hnNm-cW-\m-fn, Fs kq-
hni-Zo-I-cnpXn-cp \n-fn\np ZqXam \nv hn-cp-nt?Fv
Amlp tNmZn-p cwKw ABw: 130- apdnbnv \In-bn-p-v. AAvdm^v: 176,
Jp-B kq- Xn-d P\-Xsb D]-{Z-hn-mepw Csnepw amw-h-cm
\mb-tbmSv D]-an-p-I-bpw, \o Ncn{Xw Ahv hy-ambn hnh-cn-p-sIm-Sp-p-I--tIh
tIh AXv {]Xn-ênn-p--Xn-\p-thn Fp-]-d-n-p-v. bqkp^v: 3 Amlp
]dbpp: \mw \n\v Cu Jp-B Znhy-k-tiambn \IpIhgn Ghpw \ kw`h
Ncn{Xw hni-Zo-I-cn-p-X-cmw. CXn\p apv \o {]-b--h-cn s]-h Xs-bm-bn-cp-p.
bqkp^v: 111mw kqw XpS-p--Xv, \nbambpw Ah-cpsS kw`-h-N-cn-{X-n _pnam
amv KpW-]m-T-fpv F Bi-b-n-em-Wv. _Jd: 6,11-12 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
64.
\_ntb ]d-bp-I: Hm thZ-ns Bfp-Itf, Rfpw \nfpw Hcpt]mse

AwKo-I-cn-t Hcp hN-\-n-tev \n hcp-hn. \mw Am-lphn\pthn-b-msX Pohn-p-Iq-Sm, Ah-\n Hcp hkvXp-hn-s\bpw \mw ]v
tNp-Ibpw Acp-Xv, \mw Amlp-hn-s\-q-SmsX \n Nne Nnesc
d-pI-fmbn sXsc-s-Sp-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNpI. Atm C\n Ah
]nn-cn-bp-p-sh-n Ah-tcmSv \n Xpdp]dbpI: \nbw R
Am-lp-hn\v kkzw kanhcm-sWv \n kmywhln-p-hn.
Cv thZw Jp-B am{X-am-Wv. klmbw tXSm\pw, `ctan-m\pw, `b-sSm\pw {kjvSm-hmb Amlp HgnsI Hcmfpansv kan-p--Xn\mWv Jp-B-\nse
6236 kq- Ah-X-cn-n-npXv. BZw\_n (A) apX apl-Zv \_n (k) hscbp Hcpen Ccp-]n\m-em-bn-c-n]cw {]hm-N-Iamsc \ntbm-Knnp-Xpw
Cu Am-lp-hns\ ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-m-thn am{Xam-Wv (\lv: 36, A-n-bm-Av: 25).
J_-dnshp BZy-s tNmZyw \ns dv Bcm-sWm-bn-cn-pw (\nkm-Av 1: Xu_:
3134 Iqn-hm-bn-pI). Am-lp-hns\ Isn PohnXeyw kmm-XvI-cn-m-hv Cu tNmZy-n\v adp-]Sn ]d-bm km[n-p-I-bn-. Ben-Cw-dm 103-mw kq-{]Imcw Am-lp-hns ]miamIp samw Jp-B apdpsI]nSnv Hcp kwLambn
sFIys-SW
- s
- a-mWv Cv apkven-tfmSv Amlp Bh-iy-s-Sp-X
- v. Cu Iev]\Iv
apkvenw kwL-S-\-I sNhn sImSp-p-n-s-n Cv hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv R Amlp-hn\v kmWw sNbvXhcmsWv \n kmywhln-pI Fv ]d-bm Iev]n-
310
JpB\ns Bmhv
n-cn-p-p (B-en-Cw-dm: 102 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 132137,176 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.

65.
Hm thZns Bfp-I-tf, C{_m-lo-ans Imcy-n \n Fn\mWv

Xn-p-Xv? Xudmpw Coepw At-l-n\v tijamsX Cd-snn--tmAtm \n Nnn-p-nt?
thZhml-Icmb PqXcpw ss{IkvX-hcpw R C{_m-lo-ans amK-amWv ]n]psXv hmZn-n-cp-p. Fm Xudmpw Coepw At-l-ns Ime-tijw
aqkmpw Cukmpw Ah-X-cn-np--Xm-Wv. Ah B thZ-s ]n]n Pohn-m
Iev]n--s--h-cp-am-Wv. thZ{K-n\nv hyXnN-env PohnXw \bn-pIhgn Ah
C_vdmloansbpw, aqkm-bp-sSbpw, Cukm-bp-sS-bpsams amK-n\nv hyXn-N-env
Ign-spw, B hkvXpX a\-n-em-m-sX-bp Ah-cpsS hmZw s]m-bmsWpamWv
ChnsS ]d-bpXv. \n Nnn-p-nt? F tNmZyw Cv Jp-B hml-I-cmb
apkven-tfmSv am{X-am-Wv. Cv Jp-Bs\ thZ{K-ambn AwKo-I-cn--h apkven
am{X-amWv. Cv apkven-tfmSv: C_vdm-loapw apl--Zp-samw thZ{Kns
amKwt\sc sNmmb Am-lp-hns amKw]n]n Pohn--h-cm-Wv. Fm \n
AXn\nv ]nn-cnv ImImc-W-hamscbpw hnhn[ kwL-S-\-m-cmb ]nim-Nns
kwL-s-bp-amWv ]n]p-sXpw, Atm \n _pnbp]-tbm-Knv Nnn-pnt Fpw Amlp tNmZn-p-I-bm-Wv. _pnbp]-tbm-Knv Nnn-m-- DuaIfpw
_[n-c-amcp-amWv Am-lp-hns ASp- Ghpw Xna-tb-dnb Poh-Pm-e-sfpw,
Ah Xs-bmWv Im^n-dp-Isfpw A^m: 22-,55 kq-fn ]d-npv. _Jd:
67,44,170171, Ben-Cw-dm: 52 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
66.
lm, \n Cq-Xs. \nv hnh-c-ap Imcy-n [mcmfw

XnpIgn-p, C\n- \nv Hpw Adn-hn-m Imcy-nepw \n
X-n-tes-Sp--sX-m-Wv? Amlp Adn-hp-h-\pw \ntfm Adnhn-m--h-cpam-Ip-p.
\n hnh-c-ap Imcy-n [mcmfw XnpIgn-p Fp-]-d--Xv, Av

PqX-s
- s{I-kvXh
- C_vdm-lo-ans\bpw CkvlmJns\bpwIpdnv hmZnncpXv tIp-tIhnb-\p-kc
- nmbn-cpp, AmsX bYm Adn-hmb thZ-ns Bi-ba
- \pk-cn-m-bn-cpn.
AXp-sIm-mWv ap kq-n Xudmpw Coepw At-l-n\v tijamsX Cd-snn--tm Fp]dbp--Xv. AXm-bXv Xudmpw Co-ep-a-\p-k-cn-mWv \n
hmZ-n\v Hcp-s-tS-n-bn-cp-Xv Fm-Wv. Cu kq-ns "auC-fv' (k-am-\-amb
D]-a) C_vdm-low, CkvamCu, apl-Zv Fo \_n-am-sc-p-dnv a\nem-t-Xv JpB-\ns Bi-bn\nv am{X-am-Wv (BenCw-dm: 62 t\m-pI). AmsX krn-I
cNn Ncn{X {K--, Jkz-kp An-bm-Av, aueo-Zv, ame XpS-nbhbn\n-sm
pa Fm-Wv. _Jd: 121,254 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
67.
C_vdmlow PqX-\mbn-cp-n-, {InkvXym-\n-bp-ambncpn-. Fm Atlw

GIm-{K-Nn--\mb kkzw Am-lp-hn\v kanh\mbn-cp-p. Atlw
Hcn-epw Am-lp-hn ]ptNp--h-cn s]-h-\pam-bn-cp-n-.
Ben-Cw-dm (3)
311
l-\o-^ apkvena Fp]d-m, GIm-{K-Nn--\mb EPp-am-\-k-\mb

kmWw sNbvX-h Fm-Wv. AY-hm, PohnXw apgp-h Am-lp-hn\v kan-h Fv Bi-bw. _Jd: 135136 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
68. \nbw P\--fnshv C_vdm-lo-an-t\mSv ASp--hcmbn-cn-m AlX-bp--h At-ls ]n]-phm-Wv. CXv Cu \_nbpw Atl-tm-sSm--ap hnizm-kn-Ifp-amIpp. Am-lp-hm-Is hnizm-knI-fpsS
kwc--I\pw an{Xhpatm.
\_n-bpsS apn-ep-m-bn-cp PqX--ss{I-kvX-h, RfmWv C_vdm-low, CkvlmJv, bAvJq_v Fn-h-cpsS Bfp-I, \n ]pXnb hmZ-hp-ambn h-h-cmWv Fv hmZnn-cp-p. AXn-\p-a-dp-]-Sn-bm-bn-mWv CXv Cu \_nbpw (ap-l-Zv \_n) At-l-tmsSm--ap hnizm-kn-Ifp-amIpp Fv Amlp -]-d-Xv. CmeXv apl-Zv \_nbpsS Bfp-I-fm-sWv hmZn-p-I-bpw, At-l-ns Nc-a-Zn\w sImm-Sp-Ibpw sNp-h-c-, adnv Jp-B-\ns Bibw ]Tn-v, apl-Zv \_nbpsS PohnXw ]n]n, P\-fn apl-Zv \_n-sb kmywh-ln-p hnizm-kn-IfmWv. Ah am{X-amWv C_vdmlo-an-sbpw Ckvlm-Jn-sbpw Ckvam-Cu-en-sbpw apl--Zn-sbpw amKw ]n]-p-pXv.
Am--h Cu {]hmNIamsc P\-a-[y-n If-hmn Ah-X-cn-n-p--hcpw, Ahsc
sImmsX sImp--h-cp-amb Im^n-dp-Ifpw ]nim-Nns kwL-m-cp-am-Wv. Amlp hnizmkn-If
- psS an{Xhpw kwc-I\
- p-am-sWpw, \ntj-[n-If
- psS kwc-I
- amcpw tXmgamcpw
]nim-Nm-sWpw _Jd: 257 ]d-n-p-v. _Jd: 146,284, Ben-Cwdm: 21-22 hni-ZoIcWw t\mpI.
69. thZ-m-cn\np Hcphn`mKw, \nsf (hnizm-kn-Is
- f) GsXnepw hn[n hgn]ng-n-msImm-sav AXn-bmbn B{K-ln-p--h-cm-Wv.
hmkv X - h - n Ah Ah- s c- - s - b - msX hgn]ng- npsImn- c n
pn. Fm AhcXv Xncn--dn-bp-n-.
Cv thZw Jp-B am{X-am-Wv. AXns hml-I-cmb apkven-fnse hnhn[
kwL-S\
-
- m-cmb ]nim-Nns kwLw, Am-lp-hns GI kwL-ns] hnizmknIsf
F-s\-sb-nepw Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n\nv sXnv hgn]ng-n-m- {ian-p--hcmWv, Fm bYm-n Ah kzbw hgn]ng---hcpw AXv Xncn--dn-bm--h-cp-am
Wv (ABw: 26 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Ccw I]-S-hn-izmkn-Isf Amlp h[n-n-cn-p-p
(_-Jd: 99, ap\m-^n-Jq: 4 t\mpI). Ahsc h[n-m hnizm-kn-I-fpsS kwL-tmSv
An-km-Av: 91, Xu_: 123, Alvkm_v: 61 Fo aqv kq--fn-eqsS Amlp Iev]nn-pap-v. Fm AXv \S-n-em-hpI Cukm \_n h-Xn-\p-tijw am{X-am-Wv. _Jd:
6,9,109,141,143 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
70.
Hm thZ-ns Bfp-Itf, \n Fn\mWv Am-lp-hns kq-

aqSn-sh-p--Xv?\n AXn\v kmn-I-fm-bn-cnss.
Jp-B-s\bpw apl-Zv \_n-sbbpw Ipdnv ]qnI {K-n ]cm-ain-n-p

`mKw Ah (Pq-X-ss{IkvX-h) aqSn-sh-p-Ibpw, Hpadn-bm--hn[w \_n-bpsS apn
s]cp-am-dp-Ibpw sNbvXp. am{X-a-, Ah X\n-m-Ip-tm Ah-cpsS {K-n apl-
312
JpB\ns Bmhv
Zv \_n-sb-p-dnv ]cm-ain `mK-, \msf AXpaptJ\ Am-lp-hns ASp

\ns-Xn-cmbn hmZn-m CS-\Ipwhn[w hnizm-kn-I-fp-am-bp kwkm-cn Nnbn-msX \n ]cm-ain-pthm? Fv ]c-kv]cw tNmZn-ncp-p. CXv _Jd: 76-
hcpImWnnp-v. Cv apkven-fn-ep I]-S-hn-izm-kn-ImWv Cu kz`m-h-h-ap-
Xv. _Jd: 7779,101,140,159-161 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
71.
Hm thZ-ns Bfp-I-tf, \n Fn\mWv kXys anYybpambn

Iqnp-gv Bi-b-p-g-apmp--Xv? \n Adn-hp--h-cm-bn-cns
kXys ]qgvnshp-I- Xsbp-am-tWm?.
Cv {Kw Jp-B am{X-am-bn-cn-s, Jp-B kq a\p-jyv shfn-hmm-Xn-cn-p-I-bpw, Jp-B kq-v Amlp Dt-in Bi-b-a-msX Ah-c-hcpsS C-n-\-\p-k-cnv Bibw\In hni-Zo-I-cn-p-I-bpw, Ah-k-c-n\v hncp--ambn
kq- D-cn-p-Ibpw, bYm Bibw ]pdphcm-Xn-cn-mthn kqw apgph D-cn-m-Xn-cnpIbpsamw sNbvXv Jp-B\ns Bibw amnadn-p a\pjy]nimNp--fmb I]-S-hn-izmknIfpsS sNbvXn-IsfbmWv Cu kqw Nqn-m-Wn-p-Xv.
_Jd: 42,66,79,174-176 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I.
72.
thZ-ns Bfp-I-fn Hcphn`mKw ]d-bp-Ibpw sNp-p: hnizm-kn-Iv

Ah-Xc
- n-n-s-XpsImv \n ]I-ens BZy-n hniz-kn-p-Ibpw,
AXns Ay-n AXns\ \ntj-[n-p-Ibpw sNp-I. AXpaptJ\
Ah-cpsS hnizm-k-n\nh aSp-Xn-\p-th-n.
aZo-\-bn \_n (k)bpsS ImepXs PqXam-cn Hcphn`mKw kp_vlv \akvm-c-n ]s-SppsImv hnizm-kn-I-fpsS Iq-n tN-Xmbn \Sn-p-I-bpw,
XpSv sshIp-tcwhsc hnizm-kn-IfpsS IqsS Ncn-p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-p. Fm
sshIp-tcw Ah Ah-cpsS ]gb Xmh-f-n-tepXs Xncnphv Ah-cpsS ]qnIm-Nm-cm\pm-\--Xs ]np-Sp. AXphgn, _pn-amam-cmb Bfp-I hnizmknI-fpsS Zo\ns\ ]Tn--dn-bp-Ibpw, AXn ]pXp-a-bpw kXyhpw Zin-msX ]gb
PohnXhyhXs- sXsc-s-Sp-pIbpw sNbvXncn-pp Fv, km[m-cW P\-sf
sXn--cn-n-em-bn-cpp Ah-cpsS eyw. km[m-c-W-m Ckvem-ans\pdnv NnnpIt]mepw sNm-Xn-cn-p--Xn\v thn-bp X{-am-bn-cpp AXv. Hcp PqXkplrv
Ah-cpsS {Kw F\nv ]TnnpXcp-psv Da (d) \_n (k)sb DWn-btm \_n tIm]n-p-Ibpw, aqkm Cv Pohn-n-cn-p-s-n Fs ]n]-m ISasncn-p-pshv adp-]Sn \IpI-bp-ap-m-bn (lqZv:17 t\mpI).
PqXam-cpsS Ccw kz`m-h-sf t\cn-Sp--Xn\pthnbpw, aZo-\-bn Ah-cpsS
GXp {]hrnpw hncp--amWv Ckvem-anI BNmc-sav ]Tn-n-p-Xn\pthnbpw,
]mZc [cnv ]n-bn {]thin-m Hcphn`mKw hnizm-kn-ItfmSv \_n (k) DWpI-bp-m-bn. Fm \_n (k) ZoLhoWw \S-n-b-Xp-t]mseXs apkven
Cv PqXss{IkvX-hcpsS-sbmw BNm-cm-\p-m-\- NmWn\v NmWm-bpw, apg-n\v
apg-ambpw ]n]-p--h-cm-bn-cn--bm-Wv. am{X-a-, Jp-B-\ns Bibw ]Tn-n-p
kZntev P\- ASpm-Xn-cnm PqX-msc shp IpX-{--fmWv Ah-cpsS
Ben-Cw-dm (3)
313
t\Xm--fmb I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I ]b-n-sm-n-cn-p--Xv. P\-nS-bn Ccw

X{- ên-m ImcWw samw a\p-jyv kamKamb Jp-B-\ns Bibw
]Tn-m-Xpw, ]Tn-n-m--Xp-am-Wv. Cv temIv Fm Xn-bnepw IqSp-X apgp-Inbn-p-Xv apkvenw-I-fmsWv ImWmw. AsX, Ah- A[x-]-Xnv temI-s-hn-sSbpw
H hnizm-knbpw Cm-Xn-cn-p-tm-gmWv temIw Ah-km-\n-p-I. lpssZ-^p bam\n (d)-bn\nv _pJmcn D-cn Hcp \_n hN-\-n, Ahkm\Imev hnizm-knI, AhcpsS Camapw apkvenIfpsS H kwLhpansn h ac-ns thcnepw
ISnp]nSnpsImv acWwhsc \nesIm-W-sav ]Tn-n-n-p-v.
Jp-B hnizm-kn-I-fpsS sFIyw, a\pjy-cpsS sFIyw Fo cv sFIyw am{XamWv ]d-n-p--Xv. Cv hnizm-kn-I-fpsS kwL-tmSv h[n-m Bh-iy-s-Xv I]S-hn-izmkn-Isf am{X-am-Wv (Xu_: 6,123 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Fm Cu Iev]\ \S-nemhpI Cukm \_n- h-Xn-\p-ti-jw am{X-am-Wv. ap\m-^n-Jp-I Am-lp-hn-s i{XpfmsWv ^n-e-v: 28--epw, Ah hnizm-kn-I-fpsS i{Xp--fm-sW-pw, Ahsc kqn-W-sapw ap\m-^n-Jq: 4-epw, Ah Am-lp-hn-sbpw dkq-en-sbpw i{Xp-m-fmsWpw, Ahv Am-lp-hn-s\-b-, hnizm-kn-I-sf-bmWv `b-sav liv: 13-epw ]dn-p-v. Ah Amlpt]mepw A`n-kw-t_m-[\w sNm--hn[w \_ntb \ns
Ah _lp-am-\n-p-sImpw ]pI-gvn-smpw A`n-kw-t_m-[\w sNp-sapw, AXns
t]cn FmWv Amlp Rsf inn-m--sXv kzbw tNmZn-p-sapw apPmZne: 8 ]dnp-v. _Jd: 67,120121,254 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
73.
(Ah ]c- k v ] cw ]d- b p- I bpw sNp- p): \n- f psS Zo ]n]- phscbmsX \n hnizknpIbpacp-Xv. \_ntb ]d-bp-I: \nbw,
Am- l p- h n- \np kamKam- I pp kamKw. \nv
\InbXpt]mse AXv asm-cp-h\v \Iepw, Asn \n-fpsS \mYs
apn \ns-Xn-cmbn hmZn-p-X
- n\pthn ap-h
- \v \ymb-{]-amWw
\Iepw (Am-lp-hns Ncy Xs-bm-Ip-p). \_ntb ]d-bp-I: \nbw,
HuZm-cyw (Jp-B) Am-lp-hns ]emWv, AXv Ah Dt-in-p-hv \Ip--Xp-am-Wv. Am-lp-hm-Is k-hym-]n-bmb k\p
atm.
74. Ah Ahs Imcp-Wy-n\v Ah-\p-t-in-p--hsc sXsc-s-Sp-p-p.

Amlp al-mb HuZmcyap-S-b-h Xs-b-tm.
ChnsS ImcpWyw (d-l-a-v) sImpw HuZmcyw (^-fv) sImpw Dt-in-p-Xv
Jp-B Xs-bm-Wv. \n-fn Ghpw t{ijvT Jp-B ]Tn-p-Ibpw ]Tn-n-pIbpw sNp--h-\mWv Fv \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. samw a\p-jyv kamKambnsmpw, ]qnIthZsf kXy-s-Sp-nsmpw Ah-X-cn-n Jp-B
PqXam kzoI-cn-m-Xn-cn-m ImcWw, apl-Zv \_n (k) hXv CkvlmJv ]c--cbnembn-cp-n FXpsImm-bncp-p. Ckvam-bo ]c--c-bn\nv h apl-Zv
\_nsb Ah kzoI-cn-n-. {]hm-N-I-Xz-am-Is, Bpw sXsc-s-Sp-m Ign-bm-Xpw, Amlp C-aptm Ah-\nnp Ahs ASn-a-I-fn\nv sXsc-s-
314
JpB\ns Bmhv
Sp-p-X
- p-am-Wv. _Jd: 129, Ch-cn\nv {]hm-NI
- s\ \ntbm-Kn-s
- W-sa C_vdmlow
\_n (A)bpsS {]m\ GI-tZiw 2500 sIm-v tij-amWv apl-Zv \_nsb
\ntbm-Kn-pIhgn Amlp \S-n-em-n-b-Xv. C_vdmlnw \_nsbsmv {]mn-nXpw Amlp Xs-bm-Wv. AYhm Amlp Xs-bmWv Fmw Xocp-am-\n-p-Xpw
\S-n-em-p--Xp-w. Ahs krjvSn-Impw AXn A[n-Im-ctam kzm[o\tam
Ah-Im-itambn. Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n\nv Am-lp-hns\ Iv, Ahs kz`mhw
Dsmv Ah\pthn am{Xw Pohn-p--h-cmWv Ahs {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmb bYm
hnizm-kn-I. \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v: Jp-B \n\v A\p-Iq-eamb {]am-W-am-Wv,
As-n FXn {]am-W-am-Wv (A-Bw: 91-92, PpapA: 24 Iqn-hm-bn-pI). ^mnl:
2, _Jd: 105,135 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
75.
thZ-ns Bfp-I-fn, Hcp k-ns IqmcwXs \o Ahs\ hnizkn-tn-m \n\Xv XncnpXcp--h-cp-v. Fm Ah-cnXs
Hcp Zo\mt]mepw \o Ahs\ hniz-kntnm, hnSmsX Ahs
]nmse tNmZnv \S-memsX \n\v XncnpXcm-h
- cpap-v. (AhcpsS
Cu Zpkz-`m-h-n\v ImcWw) \nc--c-cpsS (Dn-o--fpsS) Imcy-n
\tmSv Bcpw tNmZn-p-I-bn Fh- (kzbw sIn-av) ]d--Xn-\m
emWv. Ah AdnpsImv Am-lp-hnsta Iw ]d-bp--h-cpam
Ipp.
Cv {Kw Jp-B am{X-am-Wv. AXns hml-I-cmb apkven-fpsS, {]tXy-Inv

I]-S-hn-izmknI-fpsS kz`mhw CXpXs-bm-Wv. apl-Zv \_n ]Tn-n I]-S-hn-izm-kn-IfpsS kz`m-h--fmb hniz-kn-tn-m XncnpsImSp-mXncn-p-I, hmb Xpd-m
\pW]d-bpI, hmKvZw sNbvXm ewLn-pI, hniz-kn-m hn-pI Fnh AhcpsS Imcy-n ]q-ambpw ]pe-np-sv Jp-Bs\ Xpem-kmbn D]-tbmKnm
a\-n-em-m-hp--Xm-Wv. "\nc--c-cpsS Imcyn R-tfmSv tNmZy-ans'v ]d-Xns hnh-, Ahsc hn-m hn[nZnhkw Amlp tNmZn-p-Ibn Fp am{Xa,
Cl-nXs tImS-Xnsbbpw `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-sfbpw kao-]nv Gn-Xv Xncn-p-hmm Fgppw hmb-\bpw Adn-bm--hv km[n-pI-bn FpIcpXn Av PqXamcpw, Cv I]-S-hn-izmknIfpw P\--fpsS Ah-Imiw \ntj-[n-p--h-cm-Wv Fm-Wv.
Ah AdnpsImv Am-lp-hnsta Iw ]d-bpp Fp]d--Xv, GsXm-cm-fpsSbpw Ah-Imiw Xncn-p-sIm-Sp-msX hn[nZnhkw Hcp ASn aptmpshm Bpw
km[n-p-I-bn F hkvXpX \ntj-[n-pI am{X-a- (B-en-Cw-dm: 30) \oXn-am-\mb
k {kjvSmhns\pdnpw hn[nZnh-kspdn-p-samw hy-ambn ]Tn-n-p JpB-\ns Bibw Adnnv ]n]-p-I-tbm, ap--hv ]Tn-n-p-Itbm sNp-I-bn-
FmWv. Bibw Adn-npw Jp-B Xnem-hpsImv ]pWyw e`n-m- hn`m-KamWv Am-lp-hn-\m h[n--s Ccw I]-S-hn-izmknI. ^mnl: 3, _Jd:
610,44,78-79,174-176 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
76.
AsX, BcmWv Am-lp-hpambn sNbvX DS-Sn ]men-psImpw, Amlp-hns\ lrZ-b-n kqnpsImpw Pohn-Xv, Atm \nbw
Amlp, Ahs\ lrZ-b-n kqn-p ap-Jo-sf CjvS-s-Sp--
Ben-Cw-dm (3)
315
h Xs-bm-Wv.
apgph Pohn-X-nepw samw Jp-B\ns Bibw a\-n-emn lpZ-bmb JpBs\ ]n]pIXs thWw (_Jd: 2). Fgppw hmb-\bpw Adn-bm--hpw JpB\ns Bibw lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn a\-n-em-m hfsc Ffp-amnbncnp-psh-v Ja: 17 ]d-n-p-v. kzK-nshv sNbvX DS-Sn (A-Avdm^v: 172-173
t\mp-I) Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n\nv a\-n-emn Cl-temI Pohn-X-n ]menm-Xn-cp-m Ah-cpsS PohnXw ]nim-Nn-\p C_m-Zmbno-cp-Ihgn Ah apPvcnwIfpw \c-I-n Icn--s-Sp--h-cp-am-bn-cnpw Fv bmko: 59-62 ap-dn-bnv \Ipp-v. Hbvsm-bv
- m-bn-mWv Hmtcm a\p-jycpwBWpw s]pwAm-lp-hns apn
Dcw ]d-tbnhcnI Fv ABw: 94, AIlv^v: 48, adnbw: 95 kq--fn
]dnp-v. _Jd: 26-28,40,185-186,286 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
77.
\nbambpw Am-lphp-ambn sNbvX DS--Snbpw X-fpsS {]Xn-Ifpw

Ipdhnev hnevp-h
- c
- p-tm, Aq-v ]c-tem-I
- nsemcp hnlnX-hpan-. hn[nZnhkw Amlp Ah-tcmSv kwkm-cn-p-Itbm, Ahcntev
t\mp-I-tbm, Ahsc ipo-I-cn-p-Itbm sNp-I-bn-, adnv Ahv
thZ-\m-P-\-I-amb in-bmWp-Xv.
Amlp Ah-tcmSv kwkm-cn-p-Ib

- n-, t\mp-Ib
- n-, ipo-Ic
- n-p-Ib
- n Fsmw
]d--Xns hnh, Ccw ap\m-^n-Jp-I ^n-Hu {]`r-XnIsf t]mse hnNm-c-Wbn-msX \c-I-ns ASn--n-tev hen-s-dn-b-sSpsam-Wv (An-kmAv: 145,
A^m: 50-51, apAvan: 46 Iqn-hm-bn-pI). Jp-B\ns Bi-bwsImv Ah-chcpsS
hnNm-cW ChnsSshvXs \SmsX, AXv ]c-tem-Ipshv Amlp \S-s
F an ]c-temIs Hgn-hmn Cl-temIwsImv Xr]vXn-s--h-cm-bXpsImmWXv. _Jd: 94-95,174-176,201-202,281, Ben-Cw-dm: 1012 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
78.
\nbw Ah-cn \np-smcp hn`mKw, \n-fXv thZ-n s]-Xm-sWv

Icp- X p- - X n\pthn X- f psS {KwsImv Ah- c psS \mhns\
hfpXmWvAXv thZ-n s]-X-. Ah ]d-bp-Ibpw sNp-p:
AXv Amlphn \np-Xm-sW-v. Fm AXv Amlp-hn \np-X-. Ah AdnpsImv Am-lp-hnsta Iw ]d-bp--h-cpam
Ipp.
{KwsImv \mhns\ hf-pI F-Xns hnh-, {K-n s]Sm Imcy

hSn-hn ]dv {K-n-ep-X
- m-sWv P\-sf ({]tXy-Inv km[m-cW-msc) tXmnn-p-I, A-s\ Amlp Cd-nb h{I-X-bn-m AIn-Xm-_ns\ If--s-Sp-p-I,
thZ-{K--nse kq- Xs A\-h-k-c-n D-cn-pI, Bibw sXnv ]d-bpI, kq-`m-K- apgp-h D-cn-msX ]IpXn aqSn-shv ]d-bpI XpS-nb {]h-\sfmamWv. Av aZo-\-bnse PqXam-cp-sSbpw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fp-sSbpw kz`m-h-am-bncpp CXv. Cv thZw Jp-B am{X-am-Wv. PqXam Ah-cpsS {Ks hf-sm-Sn-Xn-t\-m IqSp-X-embn Cs I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fmWv Cu kz`mhw {]I-Sn-n-p-sXv Jp-Bs\ ^pJm-\mbn D]-tbm-KsSp-n-bm a\-n-em-mw. amCZ: 13epw
316
JpB\ns Bmhv
PqXam-cp-sSbpw Cs ap\m-^n-Jp-I-fp-sSbpw Cu kz`mhw Nn{Xo-I-cn-n-p-v. \mhv

sImv hf-sm-Sn-p--Xn\v DZm-l-c-Ww, \-_n-bpsS kZ-nshv "R tIp, A\pk-cnp Fp]d-bp--Xn\v ]Icw Ah ]d-n-cp-Xv R tIp, R [ncnpp Fm-bn-cp-p (\nkm-Av: 46 t\mp-I). \n Bi-b--h-cm-I-cpXv F JpB\ns ]Z- n "XzmAv ' \v ]Icw "XmAv ' D- c nv "
\n hW- - c p- X v )
Fp]dbpXpw, _Jd: 152se Atm Fs \n kvacn-pI F ]Zs,
AAvdm^v: 205se \ns dns\ \^vkpsImv hn\o-X-\mbpw Dnsbpffn `bspsImpw \mhpsImv Amlp Fp]d- b msX kv a cn- p- I F Iev ] \
ewLnpsImv F\nv \n ZnIv sNmpI Fmn amn {]mtbm-KnI Pohn-Xn ZnIv lJ \S-p-Xpw CXn\p DZm-l-c-Wfn s]-Xm-Wv. bYmn \n---fnepw, Ccp---fnepw, InSpI-fnepw Am-lp-hns\ kvacn-m-\mWv
Bh-iy-snpXv (Ben-Cw-dm: 191, An-km-Av: 103, PpapA: 9,10 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
Cv apkvenw kwL-S\m t\Xm--sfmwXs Ah-c-h-cpsS kwL S\m Xm]cyw \ne\nmthn Jp-B kq--fpsS Bibw sXmbn A\-h-k-cnepw A\u-NnXyambpw D-cn-p--h-cm-Wv (_Jd: 39,79,137140,159-161,174-176, Ben Cw-dm: 4,10,74 hniZo-I-cWw t\mpI).
Jp-B\ns Bibw Adn-nv ]n]-m-sX aqSn-sh-p ]WvUn-Xs
- \bpw Bibw
]Tn-m {ian-m P\-X-sbbpw AAvdm^v: 176 D]-{Z-hn-mepw Cs-nepw amw
hcm \mb-tbmSv D]-an-n-cn-p-p. Jp-B-\n AIlv^v: 18epw,22epw, AAvdm^v:
176epw am{X-amWv \mbsbn ]cm-ain-n-p--Xv. kqd: I-lv^n \mepXhW "\mb'
F ]Zw {]tbm-Kntijw AAvdm^v: 176 \mb F ]Zw {]tbm-Kn-msX ]Icw
km[m-cW P\-v a\-n-em-Im `mj-bn "ip\-I' Fw ]d-bpXv JpB-\ns Bibw adpsh-em-Wv. Xzml: 124 hni-Zo-I-cn-p-tm "Jp-B\ns lrZb-ns `mjbnep Bi-bwFXn\p]Icw "Fs DXvt_m-[-\w' Fw ]dbpIhgn hnhn- [ kwLS\- m- c psS {]kno- I - c - W - hmbn- mepw aXnsbv
hcpnXop hn[-n-ep kwkmchpw Fgppw hf-sm-SnemWv. "ZnIvco' FXv
Jp-B\ns Bibw Xs-bmsWv Xzml: 126 \npXs a\-n-em-Ipw. Ilv^v:
101epw, kzmZv: 8epw ]d- "ZnIvco' Jp-B-\ns Bibw am{Xam-Wv. An-bm-Huenbm-v ad Imcy- Adnbpsav kan-p--Xn\pthn Ben-Cw-dm: 49-mw
kqw hni-Zo-I-cn-p-tm Am-lp-hns thpIsImvF ]Zns Aw
]d-bmsX, Cukm \_n Rm kpJ-s-Sp-pw Rm acn-hsc Pohn-npw Ft ]dXv Fp]d-psImv P\-fp-sS Am-lp-hn-ep hnizmkw hnI-e-ampXpw
hf-sm-Sn-bm-Wv. dAvZv: 38, C_vdmlow: 11, apAvan: 78 Fo kq-fn Am-lphns thpI- Iq-SmsX Hcp {]hm-N-I\pw Hcp Znhym-pXw sImp-h-cm km[ya
Fp]d-n-cns, CsXmw aqSn-sh-p-sImv Pmknb: 21-mw kqw hni-Zo-I-cn-ptm kq-ns BZy`mKw hnpsImv Huen-bm--fpsS Pohn-Xhpw ac-Whpw kaam-Wv, Ahv PohnX Ime-st]mse ac-W-ti-jhpw Ahsc hnfnv {]mn-p-hsc klm-bn-m Ignbpsav kan-pXpw hf-sm-Snv DZm-l-c-Ww XsbmWv. bYmn Cu kq-n Amlp tNmZnp--Xv: Xna-bn hnl-cn-p-
h IWpIqp-pthm, Ah-cp-sSbpw ap-Jo--fp-sSbpw (hn-iz-kn-p-Ibpw kI-
Ben-Cw-dm (3)
317
A\p-jvTn-p-Ibpw sNp--h) Pohn-Xhpw ac-W-hp-samw ka-am-bn-cn-p-sav. F{Xtam-i-s Xocp-am-\-amWv Ah ssIsIm-pXv Fm-Wv. _Jd: 66,99,169 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mpI.
79.
A-mlp Hcmv thZhpw XXz-m-\-hpw {]hm-N-I-Xzhpw \Ip-Ibpw

Fnv Abm a\p-jy-tcmSv, \n Am-lp-hns ASn-a-I-fm-Ip--Xn\v
]Icw Fs ASnaIfmbn-cn-p-hn Fp]d-bp-Ibpw sNpI FXv Hcp
a\p-jy\pw tbmPn--X-. adnv \n {K-m ]Tn-n--s-Sp-Xv
t]msebpw, \n ap--hsc ]Tn-n-p-Xpt]msebpw DS-a-bpsS {]uV
cmb{]Xn-\n-[n-Ifm-bn-ocpI Fm-Wv Atlw ]d-bpI.
80. ae-p-Is
- fbpw \_n-am-scbpw dp-If
- mbn kzoI-cn-m At-lw- H-cn-epw
\n-tfmSv Ievnp-I-bn-. \n kkzw Am-lp-hn\v kanhcm
bngn- n- c n- s , \n- t fmSv Atlw ({]- h m- N - I ) kXy\ntj[w
Iev]npItbm.
Am-lp-hns\qSmsX Bsc hnfnv {]mn-mepw Bsc A\p-k-cn-m-epw Bsc
`b-s-m-epw Bcn `c-tan-mepw Ah Im^ndpIfpw, ]nim-Nns\ cm-[n-Im-cnbmbn
sXsc-s-Sp--h-cp-am-Wv (Xu_: 30-31 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Am-lp-hn\v CS-bm-famscbpw
ip]mim-scbpw shp-hcpw am apivcnp-IsftmseXs apivcnp-I-fm-Wv.
Am-lp-hns GI kwLn s]SmsX hnhn[ kwL-S-\-I-fnembn ]nim-Nns kwLn s]-hs
- cmw apivcn-p-Ifpw Im^n-dp-If
- p-am-Wv. Ankm-Av: 172-, Cukm \_nbpw
ae-p-Ifpw Am-lp-hns ASn-a-I-fm-bn-cn-p--Xn Ipd-n IcpXp-n Fp]d-np-v. apl-Zv (k) Am-lp-th, Rm \ns ImcpWyw B{Kln-p-p, Iv Ca-shp kabwt]mepw Fs Imcyw t\mm Fs Gnt \mYm Fv Ftmgpw
{]mnv Am-lp-hns\ am{Xw B{i-bnv Pohn-p--h-\m-bn-cp-p. cm{Xn \nv \akvI-cnXv ImcWw Imenta \ocv h {]hm-N-I-t\mSv A\p-bmbnI "Fm {]hmNItc Xm Cs\ _pn-ap-p-Xv' Fv tNmZn--tm, "Rm Hcp Iqdp ASn-abm-bn-cn-tt'FmWv \_n tZjy-tmsS {]Xn-Icn-Xv. Fs \n Am-lphns ASn-abpw ZqX\pw Fv hnfn-pI FmWv \_n (k) ]Tn-n--Xv (a-dnbw: 93 Iqnhm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 27 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
{Kw ]Tn-nsSp-Xp t]mse "\n dm\n-o-fm-hpI' Fp]d-nXns
hnh-, {Kw apdpsInSnv amscbpw B{i-bnmsX A-mlp-hns\ am{Xw B{ibnv
kzbw ]cym-]v-X-cpw, Xe-bp-bnsmv Bscbpw `b-s-SmsX `qan-bn Fhn-tSbpw
Ncn-p {]uV-cmbnocpI Fm-Wv. apIv: 22- Amlp tNmZn-p-p: Atm
`qan-bn apJwIpn (Fm-h-scbpw `b-s-pw B{i-bnpw ]n-Sn-h-n-bn-msX) \S-ph-cmtWm AtXm Xe-bp-bnsmv (Am-lp-hns\ am{Xw B{i-bnpsImv) \Sp--h-cmtWm kamKnsev. Jp-B Inn-bnv Am-lp-hns\ adpsImv ap-hsc t]Snpw B{i-bnpw Cl-tem-Iv Pohn-p--h apJwIpn \c-I-n-tev
hen-n-g--s-Sp--hcpw, Ghpw hgn]ng amKn-ep-am-sWv ^pJm: 34epw CkvdmAv: 97-epw ]d-n-p-v. Am-lp-hns\ ]c-a-Im-cpWn-I\mbn AwKo-I-cn Ahs
318
JpB\ns Bmhv
CZmkam, "Rsf \o Jp-B ]n]-p ap-Jo-v apn \S-p

CamapI-fm-tWta' Fv {]mn-p--h-cmsWv ^pJm: 74 ]d-n-p-v. JpBsImv \n {]uV-cmbn Al--cn-p-n-t? AtXm, \n-fpsS lrZ-b-
AXpsIms ]qn-n-cn-p-IbmtWm? Fv kqd: apl-Zv: 24 Amlp tNmZn-p-p.
\mamWv A\p-{K-lo-Xa
- mb Cu {Kw \n\-n-d
- n-bn-p-ff
- Xv, AXns kq-f
- n \n
Nnnv {]uV-cm-Ip--Xn-\p-th-n-bpw, _pn-amam lrZ-bw-sImv Hmn-p-Xn-\pth-n-bpw Fv kzmZv: 29- ]-d-n-p-v. An-km-Av: 82, Atm Ah JpBsImv {]uV-cm-Ip-nt, AXv A-mlp-hn \np--Xv Am-bn-cp-p-sh-n
AXn Ah [mcmfw `n-X-I ImWp-am-bn-cp-p Fp-]-d-bp-p-v. CXv Xs-bmWv
\_n (k) ]Tn-n--Xns s]mcp: Jp-B-\mWv sFizcyw ({]am-Wn-w), AXn\v tijw
Zmcn-{Zy-an-, AXv IqSmsX sFizcyhp-an. AYhm Jp-B apdpsInSn-m Am-lphns\ apdpsInSn-p. ]ns B Ib s]mntmhp-I-bn-, Ah Am-lp-hn-tev
Xs, kzK-n-tev Xs Fn-t-cp--Xm-Wv (Ben-Cw-dm: 101103, lv: 78,
Ckm: 29 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
GsXmcp {]hm-N-I\pw GsXmcp hnizm-knbpw Jp-B\ns samw Bibw D]tbm-K-s-Spn, Am-lp-hns\ am{Xw B{i-bnv Pohn-m-\mWv a\p-jy-tcmSv Iev]n-p-I
(kpa: 17-18, 3234, 55-63 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). \n-b-am-bpw Rm Fm Hmtcm kap-Zmbn
tepw, Am-lp-hn-\p-thn am{Xw Pohn--Ww, XmKq-ns\ shSn-bp-Ibpw thWw Fv
]d-n--msX Hcp {]hm-N-I-s\bpw Ab-n-n-. Atm A-h-cn kamKnem-bh-cp-v, Ah-cnXs hgntISp _m[-I-am-b-h-cp-ap-v. \n `qan-bn k-cn-p-Ibpw, kXys Xn--d--h-cpsS ]cy-h-km\w Fs\bmbn-cppshp t\mnImWpIbpw sNp-I- Fv \lv: 36 ]d-n-p-v (\lv: 2, An-bm-Av: 25 Iqn-hm-bnpI).
Ilv^v: 14, Kplm-hm-kn-I-fmb Fgp sNdp--m, R-fpsS DS-a-bmb \mY BIm-i-fp-sSbpw `qan-bp-sSbpw DS-a-bmb \mY-\m-bn-cn-s, R Ah-s\-b-msX Cem-lmbn
hnfn-p-I-bnXs. A-s\-sb-m\pw R ]d-m, R A{I-an-I-fmbn
t]mhp-sav B P\-X-tbmSp {]Jym-]n-p-Ibpw 15, \psS Cu P\X Am-lp-hns\
IqSmsX thsd Cem-lns\ sXsc-s-Sp-n-cn-p-p-htm, FmWv Cu P\X AXn\v
hy-amb sX-fnhv ({]amWw) sImp-h-cmXv. Atm Am-lp-hn-s-ta Iw
sIn--ap ]d-bp--h-t\-m A{I-an- B-cpv? Fpw ]d-n-p-v.
\n hnizm-kn-I-fm-sW-n \n Xs-bmWv D-Xam-scv Ben-Cw-dm:
139-epw, Am-lp-hn\pw Ahs dkq-en\pw hnizm-kn-Ipw Xs-bmWv {]Xm-]-sap
ap\m-^n-Jq: 8epw, \n Am-lp-hns\ klm-bn-p-I-bm-sW-n, \nsf Amlp
klm-bn-p-I-bpw, \n-fpsS ]mZ- Dd-np \np-Ibpw sNp-sav apl--Zv: 7epw,
Am-lp-hns\ klm-bn-p--hsc Ah klm-bn-p-IXs sNpsav lv: 40epw
]d-n-p-v (apl--Zv: 35 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Npcp--n, Jp-B\ns Bibw ]Tn-pIbpw ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNptm Am-lp-hn-s\bpw {]hm-N-I-s\bpw Pohn-n-p-I-bpw,
ssizms\ AI-p-I-bp-amWv sNp--Xv. _Jd: 146 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Amlp P\--fn\nv IpSpw-_s kzoI-cn-p-p. \_n (k)-tbmSv tNmZn-
s-p: Bcm-WXv {]hm-N-Itc? Ah Jp-B\ns Bfp-Ifpw, Ahs {]tXy-I-m-cp-amIp-p (Ben-Cw-dm: 7 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). Jew: 37 Amlp tNmZn-p-p:
Ben-Cw-dm (3)
319
As-n \n-fpsSbSp- \n ]Tn-p (Cu Jp-B IqSmsX) thsd {Kaptm? k_-Av: 44, \mw Ahv CXn\papv, ]Tn-m-\p Hcp {Khpw sImSp-nn-, \ns apv Chsmcp ap-dn-bn-p-Im-c-s\bpw Ab-n-p-an- Fp-]-d-n-p-v.
(A-Bw: 155157 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). ^mnl: 4, _Jd: 1-6,121,136-137,171-172 hni-Zo-I
cWw t\mp-I.
81.
Amlp \_n-am-tcmSv {]Xn hmn-bXpw Hmt--Xm-Wv. \nv

{Khpw XXz-m-\hpw Rm \Ip-Ibpw, ]ns \n-tfmsSm-ap
Xns\ kXy-s-Spnsmv Fs Hcp ZqX hcnIbpw sNbvXm,
\n Atlssmv hniz-kn-p-I-bpw At-ls klm-bn-pIbpwXs thWw. Amlp tNmZn-p: \n Icm sNpIbpw FtmSp B `mcn D-c-hm-Znw Gs-Sp-p-Ibpw sNbvXp-thm? Atm
Ah Fmhcpw ]d-p: R Icm sNbvXp (k--Xn-p). Amlp
]d-p: Atm \nfXn\v kmywhln-pI, Rm\pw \n-tfmsSmw
kmn-Ifn s]-h Xs-bm-Wv.
82.
Atm AXn\ptijw BcmtWm ]nn-cn--Xv, Aq- Xs-bmWv

[nm-cn-I-fmb sXm-Sn-I.
H{K-amb AIn-Xm_v am{X-amWv A-mlp-hn\nv hn-p--Xv. B {Ks

]n]n Pohn--hcpw, AX-\p-k-cnv Pohn--W-sav a\p-jysc D]-tZ-in--h-cp-amWv Fm
\_n-am-cpw. Am-lp-hn-sb-Sp- ê-I-n `{Z-ambn kqn (A_pdqPv: 21-22)
B {Kns Ah-km\ cq]-amb Jp-B\pwsImv apl-Zv \_n (k) hm,
\nsfm-hcpw B {Kn hniz-kn-p-Ibpw At-ls klm-bnp-Ibpw sNW-sav Amlp kzK-nshv Fm \_namtcmSpw Icm sNbvX Imcy-amWv ChnsS
Hman- n- p- - X v . Alv k m- _ v : 7 Amlp ]d- b pp: \mw Fm \_n- a m- c n
\npw\nn \npw, \qln \npw, C_vdm-low, aqkm, adn-b-ans ]p{X CukmXp-S-n-b-h-cn\nsmw{]Xnhmnb k`hpw kvac-Wo-b-am-Wv. \mw Ah-cn
\npw _en-jvTamb Hcp Icm hmpI-Xs sNbvXn-p-v. AAvdm^v: 156, Amlp-hns ImcpWyw Fm-n-s\bpw hebw sNbvXn-cn-p-p, Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-b-n
kqn-p-I-bpw, kImv sImSp-p-I-bpw, \psS kq-sfsmv hniz-kn-p-Ibpw
sNp--hv B Imcp-Wys Rm tcJ-s-Sp-p--Xm-sW-pw, 157, Ah-tcm,
Ah-cpsS ]-ep Xudmnepw Co-enepw tcJ-s-S-nb \nc--c-\mb dkqepw
\_n-bp-amb apl-Zv \_nsb ]n]-p--h-cp-am-Wv. B \_n-bm-hs Ah-tcmSv \
Iev]n-p-Ibpw Xn hntcm-[n-p-I-bpw, Ahv ]cn-ip--am-b-sXmw A\p-h-Z-\obampIbpw t-am-b-sXmw \njn--am-p-Ibpw sNp-p. Ahsc sRcpn-bn-cp `mcw Cdn-sh-p-I-bpw, Ahsc _n-n-cp N-e-I s]mnsdnbpIbpw sNp-p. Atm
BcmtWm At-lssmv hniz-kn-X
- v, At-ls in-s-Sp-n-bX
- v, At-ls
klm-bn--Xv, At-ltmsSmw Cd--s {]Im-is (Jp-B-\ns\) ]n]-p-Ibpw
sNbvXXv, Aq Xs-bmWv hnPbw hcn-p--h. AAvdm^v: 158, \_n-tbmSp
]d-bm Iev]npp: Hm a\p-jytc, \n-b-am-bnpw Rm \ns-m-hpw BImi-`qanI-fpsS DS-a-bn\np {]hm-N-I-\m-Ip-p, Ah-\-msX \nv thsd Cemln-
320
JpB\ns Bmhv
, Ah- \ mWv Pohn- n- p- I - b pw, acn- n- p- I bpw sNp- - X v . Atm Am- l phns\smpw, Am-lp-hnepw Ahs hN-\--fnepw hniz-kn \_nbpw dkq-epambhs\smpw (ap-l--Zn-epw) \n hniz-kn-p-I, \n At-ls ]n]-p
I\n kamK- n- e m- h pIXs thW- s a- - X n- \ p- t h- n Fp- ] - d - n- p- v .
BenCwdm: 187 {]Imcw, {Kw \I-s--h-tcmSv \n AXv P\-v shfn-hmpIXs thWw, \n AXv aqSn-sh--cpXv Fv Icm hmn-b-Xmbn A\p-kva-cn-np-p-v.
dAvZv: 43- Amlp ]d-bpp: \o Am-lp-hn-\m \nbp--\mb {]hm-N-I-s\mp-as
- v \ntj-[n-I ]d-bp-p. Ah-tcmSv ]d-bp-I: F\npw \np-an-Sb
- n kmnbmbn Amlp aXn, BcpsS ]-emtWm thZ-]-cn-m-\-ap-Xv Ah-sbpw kmyw
aXn Fv. AI_q-v: 52- \_n-tbmSv ]d-bm Iev]npp: F\npw \npan-S-bn kmn-bmbn Amlp Ghpw aXn-bm-b-h-\m-Ip-p. Ah BIm-i-`q-an-I-fn-ep-sXmw Adn-bp--h-\pam-Wv. BcmtWm anYy-bn hniz-kn-p-I-bpw, Am-lphns\
Jp-B-\n aqSn-sh-p-Ibpw sNp--h, Aq- Xs-bm-Ipp Fmw \-s-h.
lqZv: 17, Hcp imlnZv \n\v Xnem-hv sNbvXp Xcp-p-v, B imln-Zn\papv aqkmbpsS Camapw Imcp-Wy-hp-amb {K-hp-ap-sv ]d-n-S-v "imlnZv' Jp-B-\m-Wv (A
Bw: 19 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Cu Jp-B\ns\ ^mkn-Jo- ([n-m-cn-I-fpw sXm-Sn-I-fpamb ap\m-^n-Jp-I) AmsX aqSn-sh-p-I-bn Fv _Jd: 99 ]d-n-p-v. amCZ:
47, \q: 4,55, liv: 19 XpS-nb kqfpw Ah-km-\n-p--Xv, Aq- Xs-bmWv
^mkn-Jo-- F Bi-b-n-em-Wv. _Jd: 2,26-27,3839,140-,143, Ben-Cw-dm: 18,5253
Am-lp-th Rsf \o, {Kw aqSnshp-- ap\m^nJp-Ifpw \jvS-s--h-cp-am-t, Rsf \o {Ks ]n]-p ap-Jo-fpw ]pWym-m-t- fm-sSmw kzKn
{]th-in--p hnP-bn-I-fpam-t-W-ta.
83.
Atm Ah tXSp-Xv Am-lp-hns Zo\-m at-sX-n-ep-amtWm?

BIm-i--fnepw `qan-bn-ep-ap Fm Hpw kzw CjvS{]Im-c-tam CjvSan-m-sXtbm Iogvs-Sp-Xv Ah-\p-am-{X-am-sWn-cns, Ah-\n-te-mWv
Ah-scsbmw aSsSp-Xpw.
Ben-Cw-dm: 19 ]d Ckvemw am{X-amWv Amlp Xr]vXn-s PohnX hyh. Cm-bva-bn\nv BImi `qan-Isfbpw Ah-n-S-bn-ep k hkvXp--sfbpw
Bdp-\m-fp-I-fnembn krjvSnp kwhn-[m-\nv, Ah-bpsS \nb-{Ww Gs-Sp Am-lphns\ hW-p--hcpw Iogvs-Sp--h-cp-amWv Fm Ncm-N-c--fpw. Fn-cns Ahs
{]Xn-\n-[n-If
- mbn Pohn-m Iev]ns _pninbp a\p-jy-cmtWm asmcp PohnX
-hyh At\z-jn-pXv? Fm hkvXp-pw Ah-bpsS \a-kvmc coXnbpw Amlp-hns\ ]pI-gvt coXnbpw ]Tn-n-n-p-sv Aq: 41epw, CkvdmAv: 44epw ]dn-p-v. BIm-i--fnepw `qan-bn-ep-ap Fm Poh-Pm-e-fpw ae-p-Ifpw Al--cnmsX Am-lp-hn\v kpPqZv sNppssv \lv: 49epw, BIm-i-`q-an-I-fn-ephbpw
kzbw hg-ntbm Am-sXtbm, Ah-bpsS \ng-ep-Ifpw, {]`m-X--fnepw {]tZm-j--fnepw
Am-lp-hn\v kpPqZv sNp-p-sv dAvZv: 15epw, BIm-i`
- qanIfnep-s
- Xmwkqcy\pw
Ben-Cw-dm (3)
321
N{\pw \-{X--fpw, ]-X--fpw, arK--fpw, A[nI a\p-jycpw, in _m[-I-am-b

[mcmfw t]cpw (C-an-msXbpw)Am-lp-hn\v kpPqZv sNppshv lv: 18epw
]d-bp-p. {]]w \ne\nm-\p Aam\mb Jp-B BImi `qan-Isfbpw ]X-sfbpw Gn-m Xp\n--tm Ah B D-c-hm-Znw Gs-Sp-m hnk-Xn-p-Ibpw AXn IpWvTn-X-s-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Fm a\p-jy AXv Gs-Sp-p.
Ah hnVvVnbpw A{I-an-bp-w Xsbm-bn-cpp Fv Alvkm_v: 72 ]d-bp-p. BImi-`q-anIfnep FmHpw ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I\v ASn-a-s-Sm-Xn-cn-p-n Fv adnbw: 93
]d-bp-p. Ah-km\w BIm-i-`q-an-I-fn-ep--sXmw Amlp Xs A\--cm-h-Imiw
Gs-Sp-p-sapw (ln-Pv: 23, Jk-kv: 58), `qan-bpsS apI-fn-ep--sXmw \onfv
AXns\ am_n hncn-Xpt]mse Xcn-im-p-sapw (Ilv^v: 8) ]d-n-p-v (Xzmlm:
105-107, Amcn-bmv: 55-57 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 29,112, Ben-Cw-dm: 19-20 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I.
84.
]d-bpI {]hm-N-Im, Amlphns\smpw R-fp-sS-ta Cd--sXpsImpw, C_vdm-low, Ckvam-Cu, Ckvlm-Jv, bAvJq_v tKm{X-hKm XpS-n-b-hv Cd--s--Xn-epw, aqkmpw Cukmpw asm
\_nampw Ah-cpsS \mY-\n\nv \I-s--Xnepw R hniz-knp
Ignp. Ahn-S-bn (B \-_n-amnS-bn) Bpw R Hcp
hyXym-khpw Iev]n-p-n-. R Ah\v (A-m-lp-hn-\v) kmWw
sNbvX-hcpamIpp.
85.
Bsc-nepw Ckvemw Am Hcp PohnX hyh (Zo) At\z-jn-p-Ibm-sW-n Ah-cn\nv Hcn-epw AXv kzoI-cn--s-Sp-I-bn-. Ah
]c-n Fmw \jvS-s--h-\p-am-bn-cn-pw.
An-bm-Av: 25 Amlp ]d-bpp: \nbw Rm\-msX thsd Cem-ln-,

Atm \n F\npthn am{Xw Pohn-pI Fv t_m[\w sNbvXn--msX
\n\papv Hcp ZqX-s\bpw Ab-n-n-. \lv: 36- Fm Hmtcm kap-Zm-b-ntepw
Am-lp-hn\pthn am{Xw PohnWw, XmKq-p-Isf shSn-bp-Ibpw thWw Fv ]Tnn-m Hcp dkq-ens\ \ntbm-Kn-n-pv Fp]d-bp-p. kpKvdp^v 45-mw kq-n,
Ckvdm-Av anAvdmPv cm{Xn-bn Fm \_n-ampw Cam-ambn \a-kvI-cntijw ap \_nam-cpsS t\sc Xncn-n-cpv ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-Is\qSmsX Cem-lm-bnv hgnsSp-Xn\pthn thsd Cem-lp-Isf \mw \ntbm-Kn-np-m-bn-cptm? Fv tNmZn-m aplZv \_n-tbmSv Bh-iy-s-np-v (Ckvdm-Av: 1, APvav: 118 Iqn-hm-bn-pI). Npcp-n, BZw \_n apX Ay\mhsc-bp apgp-h krjvSn-Ipw Amlp Xr]vXns PohnXhyh--bmWv Ckvemw. AXntev hnfn-m-\mWv Fm \_n-amcpw hnp--Xv. Ah hnfn-Xv Jp-BsImv Am-lp-hn-te-mWv (bq-kp-^v: 108). Amlp
am{X-amWv Fm-n-sbpw DS-a, B DS-av {]]--n-ep--sXmw Iogvs-n-cn-pp.
Atm Nnm-in \In Ahs {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmbn \n-bn, a\p-jy-cmWv Fm
Poh-Pm-e
-- t- f-mfpw IqSp-X Ah\v Iogvs-tS-X
- pw, Ahs\ Pohn-n-t-X
- pw. AYhm
Jp-B\ns Bi-bs Pohn-n-pIhgn Am-lp-hns\ Pohn-n-p-Ibpw ]nim-Nns\
AI-p-I-bp-amWv sNt-Xv. a\p-jy-cn Jp-B ]n]-p hnizm-kn-I am{Xta Cu
JpB\ns Bmhv
322
m\-n\v Al-cm-hp-I-bpq, Am--h Im^ndmb ]nim-Nns {]Xn\n [nIfpw

CXc Poh-Pm-e--tf-m \oNcpw Xmgv-h-cp-am-Wv (^pnev: 29, Cin-JmJv: 22-25,
Ao: 46 Iqn-hm-bn-pI).
aKvcn_v \a-kvImctijhpw kp_vln \a-kvImctijhpw aqv {]mhiyw \_n (k)
Cs\ {]mn-mdpm-bn-cpp: Rm Am-lphns\ dmbnsmpw, Ckvemans\ Zo\mbnsmpw apl-Zns\ \_nbpw dkq-ep-am-bn-smpw Xr]vXn-s-p. BZw
\_n (A) apX Ay-\mhsc-bphv {kmhv Xr]vXn-s PohnX kwlnX.
l-p hnZm-C ]qn-bmpIbpw Xr]vXn-sSpIbpw sNbvXpshv amCZ: 3
-]-d-n-p-v. Am-lp-hns kwLwBZyw apX Ay-\mhsc-bp GI kwLwB kwLw Xs-bmWv A\p-{K-ln--s kwLw. AXn {]hm-N-I-mcpw hnizm-knI-fp-am-Wp--Xv. Am kwL--sf-semw ]nim-Nns kwL-n s]-h-cpw, Ahs {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmbn Pohn-p--h-cp-am-Wv. Bsc-nepw hnizmks (Jp-B-s\) aqSnsh-m Ah ]c-tem-I-n \jvS-s--h-\m-sWv amCZ: 5 ]d-npv. _Jd:
2,121,213,286, Ben-Cw-dm: 19 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
86.
X-fpsS hnizm-k-n\ptijw \ntj-[n-I-fmbno Hcp P\-Xsb

Amlp Fs\-bmWv kamK-n-tev \bn-p-I? \nbw, {]hm-NI kXy-amsWv Ah kmywhln-pIbpw, AXn\hv hyamb
sXfn-hp-I hpInn-bXpamWv. Ccw A{I-an-I-fmb Hcp P\-Xsb
Amlp kamKn-tev \bn-pIbnXs.
_Jd: 254,258 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
87.
Aq--p {]Xn-êw, \nbw Ah-cp-sS-ta Am-lp-hn-sbpw aep-I-fp-sSbpw apgp-h a\p-jy-cp-sSbpw im]apv FXmWv.
88.
Ah B Ah--bn imiz-X-ambn IgnpIqSpw. Ah-scsmv in

eLq-I-cn-p-I-bn-, Ahv Ah[n (km-h-Im-iw) \IsSp--Xp-a-.
89.
Fm AXn\ptijw ]m--]nv aS-p-Ibpw I \mn

Xop-Ibpw sNbvX-hsmgn-sI, Atm \nbw Amlp Gsd s]mdpp- Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[n Xs-b-tm.
Jp-B\ns Bi-b-samw Adn-nv ]n]-msXbpw ap a\pjyv Fnv

sImSp-m-sXbpw Pohn-p ap\m-^nJpIsfpdn-mWv Cu kq--fn ]cm-ain-p-Xv. ap\m-^n-Jq: 3, Ah-cpsS hnizm-k-n-\p-tijw \ntj-[n-I-fm-bn-o-Xn\m Amlp Ah-cpsS lrZ-b-v ap{Z-shp, Atm Ah Pohn-X-eyw {Klnp-I-bn Fp-]-d-n-p-v (_Jd: 174-175 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I). kPZ: 29, Adnnv \ntj-[n-p Ccw \ntj-[n-Iv, hnizm-kn-Ip hnPbZn-hkw hnizkn-m-saphm AXv D]-Im-c-s-Sp-Itbm, Ahv in-bn kmh-Imiw sImSp-pItbm Cs-v ]d-n-p-v. Ah-cpsSta Am-lp-hn-sbpw ae-p-I-fp-sSbpw Fm
a\p-jy-cp-sSbpw im]w hjn-m ImcWw `qan AXns kp-e-\-n \ne\nm-
Ben-Cw-dm (3)
323
\p D]m-[n-bmb Jp-B\ns Bibw Ah a\p-jyv ]Tn-n-m-X

- m-Wv. (AnkmAv: 88-91, Alvkm_v 60-61 Iqn-hm-bn--I). _Jd: 159-161 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
90. \nbw X-fpsS hnizm-k-n\ptijw \ntj-[n-I-fm-hp-Ibpw, ]ns
\ntj[w hn-p-Ibpw sNbvX-hcmtcm, Ah-cpsS ]m-Xm]w Hcn-epw
kzoI-cn--s-Sp-I-bn-. Aq- Xs-bmWv hgn]ng-- ZpamKn-I-fpw.
Jp-B Inn-bnv kzbw ]n]-m-sX, AXns\ aqSn-shv Jp-B\ns Bi-bn\v hncp--amb asmcp PohnXcoXn ]n]-n \ntj-[-n apt-dnb I]-S-hn-izmknI Xs-bmWv hgn]ng--h. \nbw hniz-kn-p-Ibpw ]ns \ntj-[n-p-Ibpw,
]ns hniz-kn-p-Ibpw, ]ns \ntj[w hn-p-Ibpw sNbvX-h-cp--tm, Ahv
Amlp s]mdppsImSp-p-I-bn-, Ahsc kamKn-tev amK-Zi\w sNp-Ibpan-, adnv Ccw ap\m-^n-Jp-Iv thZ-\m-P-\-I-amb insImv "ktm-j-hm'
Adn-bn-pI FmWv An-km-Av: 137-138 ]d-n-p--Xv. \a-kvIm-c-n ^mn-lbpsS Ah-km-\-n "hgn]ng--h-cpsS amKn-e' Fp]d-bp-tm apkven-fnse
km[m-c-W-m-cmb hgn]n-g--h-sc-bmWv Hmnt--Xv. Am-lp-hns tIm]w hjn-s i]n-s hn`m-K-amWv I]-S-hn-izmknI-fmb AhcpsS ]WvUn-Xam. Ch
cv Iq-cnepw Ds]-Sp--cpXv FmWv hnizm-kn-I ^mnl Ggmw kq-n-eqsS
{]mn-p--Xv. Ao: 78 kq--fn, Zo hp-In-n-b-Xn-\p-tijw \ns Ifhm-p-h
- c
- p-t- m, Atm Amlp hn[nIev]n-p-h
- c
- n Ghpw \mbn hn[nIev]np--h Xs-btbm Fv tNmZn-p-p-v. AYhm Zo hp-In-n-b-Xn-\p-tijw
\ntj-[n-p I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Iv thZ-\m-P-\-I-amb in-bmWp--Xv. ImcWw
Ahs-Xn-cn Jp-B hmZn-p-Xpw, kmn \np--Xp-am-Wv. ^mnl: 2,
91.
\n-ba
- m-bpw \ntj-[n-pI-bpw, \ntj-[
- n\pta \ntj-[nI-fmbnsmv
acWsSp-Ibpw sNbvX-h-cm-tcm, Ac-mcns] Hcm-fn\nv (\-cI
inbn\nv tamNn-n-p--Xn-\v) `qan \ndsb kzw {]mb-n--ambn
\In-bmepw kzoI-cn-p-I-bn-. Aqv thZ-\m-P-\-I-amb in-bmWp-Xv, Ahv klm-bnIfn\nv Hcm-fpapm-hp-I-bpan-.
Hcp kq-a-, cv kq-a-, Fm kq--fp-sSbpw Bi-b-a-dnv AXv aqSn-shp--hscp-dn-mWv Ip^v^m Fp]d-bp--Xv. Ch-sc-p-dn-mWv \_-Av: 28-, Ah
ASn-Sn \psS kq-sf If-hm-n-sm-n-cphcm-bn-cpp Fp-]-d--Xv (_Jd:
67,161,174, Ben-Cw-dm: 77 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). Xu_: 123epw, A^Xvlv: 29epw
]d Ip^v^mdpI I]-S-hn-izmkn-Ifm-Wv. Xu_: 73epw Xlvcow: 9epw "Ip^v^md
h ap\m-^n-Jo\' Fv thXncnv ]d-XpsImv AhnsS Ip^v^m A{I-anIfmWv.
Jp-B-\ns Bibw Adn-nv aqSn-sh-p-Ibpw hf-sm-Sn-p-Ibpw sNp apkvenw
]WvUnXam-cmWv ap\m-^n-Jp-Isfn, Bi-b-a-dn-nv ]n]-msX aqSn-sh-p--hcmWv fmen-ao. Jp-B-\ns Bibw ]Tn-m Xm-dm-Im apkvenw km[m-c-Wm Im^n-dp-I-fnemWv Ds]SpI. "Im^n' Ftm "apPvcnw' Ftm s]mXp-hn ]dbptm apI-fn]-d aqv hn`m-K-fpw Ds-Spw. kPZ: 22 Amlp tNmZn-pp:
BcmWv X-fpsS DS-a-bpsS kq- lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn DWn-bnv ]ns
324
JpB\ns Bmhv
AXns\ Ah-K-Wnv Pohn-p--h-t\-m Ghpw henb A{Ian? \nbw Ccw

{`m(apPvcnw)am-tcmSv \mw {]Xn-Imcw sNp--XmWv (An-km-Av: 140-141, AAvdm^v:
40-41, bq\p-kv: 17, kpa: 59 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). ap\m-^n-Jp-I hnNm-c-W-bn-msX \c-In t]mIp--h-cpw, fmen-ao- hnNm-c-W-p-tijw \c-I-n t]mIp--h-cp-am-sWv
kpa: 71- ]d-bp-p-v (_-Jd: 254 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). Ben-Cw-dm: 91-s
AtX Bi-b-n-ep kqfmWv amCZ: 36, bq\p-kv: 54,dAvZv: 18, kpa: 47. A\kv
C_v\p amenv (d)\nv D-cn-p \_n hN-\-n \_n (k) ]d-p:
hn[nZnhkw \c-I-ns Ah-Im-in-bmb Hcm-tfmSv tNmZn-s-Spw, A, \n\v
`qan-bn-ep FmhkvXp-fpw DS-a--X-bn Innbm AXpImv {]mb-nw
sNbvXpsImv Cv in-bn\nv c-s-Sm-sav B{K-ln-p-nt? Ah ]dbpw:
AsX \mYm, Atm Amlp ]d-bpw: AXn-tesd Ffp--amb HcpImcyw Rm \n\v
]dpXn- c p- p. \ns ]nXmhmb BZ- a ns apXp- I n- e m- b ncp- t m Fn
Hns\bpw ]ptN-cp-sX-v \ntmSv DS-Sn hmn-bn-cpp, Fm \o Fn
]ptNp--h-\mbns PohnXw IgnpIqn. AAvdm^v: 172 ]d Fm Hmtcm
\^vkpw Am-lp-ambn sNbvX DS-SnbmWv ChnsS Dt-in-p--Xv. bmko: 60 ]dbpp: BZw k-Xn-I-tf, ]nim-Nn\pthn Pohn-cpsXv \n-tfmSv DS-Sn hmnbn-p-m-bn-cp-nt? Ah \nv hy-amb i{Xp-hpam-Ip-p. \n F\npthn
am{Xw Pohn-p-h-cm-hpI, CXmWv t\sc-sNmsbp amKw. PohnXw Am-lp-hn-\p
th-n am{Xap--Xm-Ip-tmtg AXv Am-lp-hn\p C_m-Z-m-hp-I-bp-q. Ahs\
hnkva-cn-p-sIm-p PohnXw ]nim-Nn-\p--Xm-bn amdp--Xm-Wv. adnv ]nim-Nn-\mcpw
C_m-Zv sNmdn (Xu_: 84, apl--Zv: 34 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 28,166167,174175,
Ben-Cw-dm: 77 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
92. \nv FmtWm CjvS-ap-Xv, AXv sNe-h-gn-p-Xphsc \n
Hcn-epw ]pWysanp-I-bn. \n Fsmv sNe-h-gn-mepw,
Atm \nbw Amlp AXdn-bp--h-\m-Ipp.
Ah-c-hv CjvS-ap-Xmbn-cn-Ww ap--hv \tI--Xv. AXpw Am-lp
hns Xr]vXn-bn \Ip-Xphsc Hcmfpw hnizm-kn-bm-Ip-n-. hnizm-knImsX
{]m-\v Dcw e`npItbm, Ah-cn\n-msX I- kzoI-cn--s-Sp-Itbm
C- (_Jd: 186,267 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). Ghpw henb Imcp-Wy-amb Jp-B-\m-Wv
hnizm-kn-Iv Ghpw CjvSs-Xv. AX-h ap--hp Fn-p-sIm-Sp-pw. AXp
Xs-bmWv \n-fn Ghpw D-a JpB\ns Bibw ]Tn-p-Ib
- pw ]Tn-n-pIbpw
sNp--h-\mWv Fp-]d-Xns s]mcp. Cv Jp-B ]Tn-p-Ibpw ]Tn-n-pIbpw
sNmsX Hcmfpw hnizm-kn-bm-hp-I-bn-. Amlp \Inb Fm A\p{Kl-fpw sNeh-gnv kzKw t\S-emWv hnizm--knI-fpsS Pohn-Xe
-
- yw. _Jd: 177 hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mpI.
93.
Xudmv Cds-Sp--Xn\papv Ckvdm-Cu (b-AvJq_v) kzw Imcyn \njnam-n-bsXmgnsIbp Fm `W ]Zmfpw CkvdmCu k-Xn-Iv A\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-bn-cp-p. \_ntb ]d-bp-I: \n
kXyhm-Zn-IfmsW-n Xudmv sImphcn-Ibpw AXv hmbnptInp-Ibpw sNp-I.
Ben-Cw-dm (3)
325
H-Ihpw H-I-m-ep-samw R-fpsS icoAn \njn--am-Wv, Fm \n

AsXmw D]-tbm-Kn-p-p-tm Fv PqXam \_n (k)tbmSv hnai\ cq]n
tNmZnncpp. AXn\v adp-]-Sn-bm-bn, Xudm--\p-k-cnv Pohn-m IS-a-s \n,
AXv sImphv Fs hmbn-ptIn-p-I Fp]-d-bm \_n-tbmSv Amlp Bhiy-s-Sp-I-bm-Wv. bAvJq_v \_nv ITn-\-amb tcmKw ]nSn-s--tm Ghpw C-ap
`Ww hnpsImm-sav Am-lp-hn-t\mSv i]Yw sNp-Ibpw As\ At-ln\v Ghpw CjvS-am-bn-cp H-I-amw-khpw H-I-mepw Atlw kzbw hnp-Ibpam-bn-cp-p. AmsX thZ-n H-I-amw-k-hpw, ]mepsampw Amlp \njn--amnbn-n Fv kmcw. _Jd: 173 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I.
94. Atm AXn\ptijw BcmtWm Am-lp-hnsta IwsInap
]d-bp-Xv, Aq- Xs-bm-Ipp A{I-an-I.
{K-n Amlp P\-v shfn-hm-mthn Cd-n-bXv aqSn-sh-p-I-bpw,
{K-n Cm-Xv Am-lp-hnsta sIn-a
- p ]d-bp-Ibpw sNp-h
- c
- mWv Ghpw
henb A{I-an-I. Amlp Cd-nb Jp-BsImv hn[n-I]n-m--hXs-bmWv
A{I-an-I-sfv amCZ: 45 ]d-n-p-v. _Jd: 135,239,254 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
95. \_ntb ]d-bp-I: Amlp Acp-fn-bn-p--XmWv kXyw. Atm \n
EPp-am-\-k-\mb C_vdm-lo-ans Ncy ]n]-p-I. Atlw Hcn--epw Amlp-hn ]ptNp--h-cn s]-h\pam-bn-cp-n-.
Ankm-Av: 122mw kqw Ah-km-\n-p-X
- v, BcmWv Am-lp-hn-t\-m Ghpw
kXyw- ]-d-bp--h-\m-bn-p-Xv F Bi-b-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. kpa: 33, BmtWm
knZvJv (k-Xyw) hp-In-p-In-n-b-Xv, AXns\ kXy-s-Sp-p-Ibpw sNbvX-Xv, Aq-
Xs-bmWv ap-Jo--sfv ]d-n-p-v. Atm Jp-B Am-lp-hns hN-\
Xs-bm-Wv. Jp-B kq- ]mcm-bWw sNbvX-tijw, Rsf \o Jp-Bs\
kXy-sSp-p ap-Jo--fm--Ww, Rsf \o Jp-Bs\ aqSn-sh-p A{I-an-Ifpw
\ntj-[n-I-fp-am--cp-Xv Fv {]mn-p-I-bm-Wv thXv (kp-a: 32). Cs\ {]mnp--Xn\p]Icw Jp-B kq HmXn--gnv alm-\mb Amlp kXyw ]dn-cn-p-p Fp]d-bp coXn- \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-n-. adnv GXpkqw ]mcmbWw sNbvXmepw AXns Bi-b-n-\-\pk-cnp {]mn-m-\mWv \_n ]Tn-n-n-p-Xv. PpapA JpXp-_-I-fn Jp-B kq- HmXn-b-tijw "alm-\mb Am-lp
kXyw ]d-n-cnpp' Fv Am-lp-hn\v kn-^n-v \Ip Ccw ap\m-^n-JpI-sf-bpw, AXp-tI-n-cn-p Im^n-dp-I-sfbpw \c-I-n Hcp-an-p-Iq-p-sav An-km-Av:
140- ]d-n-pv. Ccw ap\m-^n-Jp-Isfpdnv ap\m-^n-Jq: 1 ]d-bpp: ap\m^n-Jp-I \ns- ASp-p-h-m Am-lp-hn BW-bn-p-sImv Ah ]dbpw: \nbw
"Xm' Am-lp-hns {]hm-N-I Xs-bmWv, \nbw \o Am-lp-hns {]hm-N-I
Xs-sbv Am-lp-hn-\d
- n-bmw. \nbw ap\m-^n-Jp-I Ifhv ]d-bp-h
- Xs-bmIpp
Fv Amlp kmyw-h-ln-p-p.
Jp-B-\ns Bi-bn\v hncp--amb PohnXw \bn-p Cs apkven,
R apl-Zv \_n-bpsS amKn-em-sWv hmZn---Xp-t]mse aZo-\-bn-ep PqX-
326
JpB\ns Bmhv
amcpw R C_vdmlo-an-sbpw CkvlmJn-sbpw bAvJq_n-sbpw amK-amWv ]n]p--sXv hmZn-ncp-p. Fm bYmn {]hm-N-ImcpsS Pohn-X-co-Xn-bmb
thZ-ns hgn-bn\nv hyXn-N-en Hcp Pohn-X-am-bn-cpp Ah \bn-n-cp-Xv. _Jd:
2,44,99,121,135-140, Ben-Cw-dm: 6568 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
96.
\nbw a\p-jymbn \nn BZys tKlw a-bn-ep-Xv Xsbm-Ip-p. AXv ktemIpw A\p-{K-lo-Xhpw amKZiItI{-hpamIp-p.
97.
AXn hy-amb sXfn-hp-I-fp-v, C_vdm-loans m\-hp-apv. B

AXn {]th-in-pthm, Ah kpc-n-X-\m-bn. B an-c-n-tev Fnt-cm Ign-hp--hv AhntSv Xom-S\w sN a\p-jyv Amlp-hn-t\m-Sp IS-abmWv. Bsc-nepw Cu hkvXpX \ntj-[n-p-I-bm-sWn Atm \nbw Amlp ktemIscsmpw Bh-iy-an-m
sFiz-cy-hm- Xsbm-Ip-p.
BZw \_n-bpsS ImepXs ]WnX `qan-bnse BZys an-c-amWv a-bnep

IA-_. \qlv \_n-bpsS Ime-p-mb sh-sm--n XI AXns `nnI
]noSv C_vdmlow \_nbpw Ckvam-Cu \_n-bp-amWv ]Sp-p-bn-b-Xv. Cu m\w
IA-_v Dmbncnss-bmWv ss_p apJkntev \_n-tbmSpw A\p-bmbn-I-tfmSpw \a-kvIm-c-n apJwXncn-m Amlp ]d-Xv (_Jd: 143 Iqn-hm-bnpI). a `qan-bpsS tI{-am-Wv, Fm Cukm \_n htijw am{XamWv temIw apgp
h Ckvem-ans\ AwKo-Ic
- n-p-Ib
- pw, a tI{-amn `cWw\S-pIbpw sNpI. "AhnsS
Fn- s - S m km[n- phv ' Fp]d- - X ns hnh, [\wsImpw,
icocwsImpw AhnsS Fn-s-Sm Ignbp-hv Fm-Wv. \a-kvIm-chpw t\mpw
kImp-samw hnizm-kn-I-tfm-Sv am{X-amWv Iev]n-p--sX-n lv sNm Iev]nnp-Xv a\p-jy-tcm-SmWv. AYhm hnizm-kn-bmbn-n-s-nepw km[n-p ka-bv lv
\n-lnm ]noSv Jp-B\ns Bibw ]Tnv Adnhvv Ic--amn bYm hnizmkn-bmbn amdp-tm, \n-ln lv kzoI-cn-s
- -Sp-X
- mn amm-hp-X
- mWv. AmsX
kzKn-te-p Sn-mb (Ckm: 29, apk-n: 19) Jp-B\ns samw Bibw
Dsm-msX hnizmknbmhp-Itbm lv kzoI-cn--s-Sp-Itbm C (C_vdmlow: 22,
d-AvZv: 18 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). "Bsc-nepw \ntj-[n-p-I-bm-sW-n Amlp k
temIscsmpw Bh-iy-an-m sFiz-cy-hm-\mWv' Fp]d--Xns hnh-, Bsc
nepw \n-bpsS amKw kzoI-cn-m AXns KpWw Ahv Xs-bm-Wv, adnv Bscnepw \n-tISv ImWn-p-I-bm-sW-n AXns tZmjhpw Ahv Xs-bm-Wv.
(epJvam: 12 t\mp-I). Npcp--n kzKhpw \c-I-hp-samw Ah-c-hXs kmZn-p--XmWv Fv Cu kqhpw ]Tn-n-p-p.
C_vdm-lo-ans amKw ]n]-p-h
- c
- m-sWv hmZn-n-cp PqXss{IkvX
- h
- lv
\n-ln--ncp-n-. Atm Ign-hp-m-bnpw lv \n-ln-m apkvensfpdnv:
"Ah PqXtcm ss{IkvXh
- tcm Bbn, \ntj-[n-If
- mbn ac-WsSpXn hntcm-[a
- n-'Fv
\_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. AI-_q-v: 6 Ah-km-\n-p-Xpw, \nbw Amlp k-
Ben-Cw-dm (3)
tem-Iscsmpw sFiz-cy-hm Xs-bmWv F Bi-b-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv.
98.
327
_Jd:
\_ntb tNmZn-p-I: Hm thZ-ns Bfp-Itf, \n Fn\mWv Amlp-hns kq- aqSn-sh-p--Xv? Am-lp-hm-Is \n {]hnp--sXmw honpsImn-cn-p kmn-b-tm.
Cv thZw Jp-B am{X-am-Wv. AXn-\m Cu tNmZyw, Am-lp-hns\bpw dkqen-s\bpw Jp-B-\n aqSnshv Amlp ImWpns an Xn-bn hnl-cn-p,
`mcw-h-ln-p Igp-X-sb-tmse Jp-B hln-p apkvenw-I-tfm-Sm-Wv. {]tXy-Inv
Ah-cnse I]-S-hn-izm-kn-ItfmSv. _Jd: 39,99, Ben-Cw-dm: 70 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
99.
\_ntb tNmZn-pI: Hm thZ-mtc, \n Am-lp-hns amKn

Ncn-p hniz-mknIsf-qSn, B amKs hf-sm-Snv Am-lp-hns
amKssmv XS-bp-sXn\v? (AXv am{X-amWv kamK-sa--Xn\v)
\nXs kmn- I - f pamWtm. Amlp \n- f psS {]h- \ sfsmv Hcn-epw A{i-\
-- Xs.
Cv PqXam-cpsS Cu kz`mhw, Jp-B\ns Bi-sb-samw Adn-npw AXn\v

hncp--amb Pohn-X-amKn P\-sf \bn-p, ]WvUn-Xam-scv Zpc-`n-am-\n-p
ap\m-^n-Jp-ImWp-Xv. Am-lp-hns {Kw ]Tn-n-p--Xn\p]Icw Ah
a\pjy\nn-X-amb {K--fmWv ]Tn-n-p--Xv. samw kap-Zm-bs Jp-B-\n
\nv XSv `qansb \in-n-p a\pjynim-Np--fm-W-h. Ahscn \_n (k)
""BIm-i-n\v Xmsg-bp Poh-Pm-e--fnshv Ghpw Xn-tb-dnbhcm-bn-cnpw AhcpsS ]WvUn-Xam'' Fp]d-n-cn-p-p. AAvdm^v: 4445, kzK-hm-kn I \msf
]c-tem-Iv \cIhm-kn-I-tfmSv hnfnp]dbpw: R-fpsS \mY hmKvZw sNbv-XXv
R kXy-am-bn Is-n-bn-cn-pp, \n-tfmSv \n-fpsS \mY hmKvZw sNbvXXv
\n kXy-am-bnp Is-ntbm? Atm Ah adp-]Sn ]d-bpw: R Isn.
Atm AhnS- b n Hcp hnfn- b mf hnfnp ]d- b p- - X m- W v : Am- l p- h ns
amKssmv kzbw XS-bp-Ibpw ap--hsc XS-bp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-, Am-lp-hns
amKs h{Io-I-cnp _pn-ap-p--Xmn ampIbpw ]c-tem-Is \ntj[n-n-cp--h-cpamb Ccw A{I-an-I-fp-sS-ta Am-lp-hns im]-ap-v (A-Bw: 21, AAvdm^v: 50-51,
Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 74, Ben-Cw-dm: 78 hni-Zo-I-c-Ww t\mpI.
Ilv^v: 1 Amlp ]d-bp-p: a\-n-em-m Hpw {]bm-ktam _pn-aptm hfthm
Xncnthm Hp-an-m {Kw Xs ASn-abvv Ah-X-cn-n Am-lp-hn-\mWv kkvXp-Xn-bpw. lv: 78, \nv C_vdm-lo-ans Ncy-bmb Cu Zo\n bmsXmcp
_pnap-p-ap-m-n-bn-n-sv ]d-n-pv. Fm Jp-B\ns hn[n-hn-e-p-Iv
hncp--amb ]pXnb BNmcm\pjvTm-\--sfmw sImp-h-Xv ImcWw Cv apkvenwIfpsS CS-bn-emWv PohnXw Ghpw `mc-ta-dn-bXpw Zp-lhp-sav Jp-B\ns\ Xpemkmbn
D]-tbm-KsSp-p-hv a\-n-em-hpw. {]IrXn aX-amb Ckveman P\-\w, hnhm-lw,
acWw XpSn Fmw hfsc Ffp-hpw \oXn-bp--hp-am-Wv. Fm A\m-Nm-c--fpsS
amdm-p-I PohnX taJ-eIfn-semw Ir{Xn-a-ambn shp-sI-n-b-Xp-Im-cWamWnXv. hbdp-
328
JpB\ns Bmhv
Im-W, {]k-hn IpnvB Ipn-bm-sW-n-epwicn_p B`-cWw sI,

hnhml DSSn FgpXn cPn- sNp-Xn-\p-]-Icw ]ptcm-lnXm sNmn-sm-Sp-,
hnhm-l-aqeyss \njv^-e-am-p hn[-n kv{Xo[-\hpw B`c-Whpw sImSpepw hmepw, km-c-, t\mp-Xp-d, ASp-f ImW, ac-W-s--bmsf J_-dS-p-X
- n\p \nc-h[n sNe-hp-I, ISw-hm-n-bn-snepw aqvFv \mev]XvhmjnI
Zn\-fn kZy\S- XpS-n-bh Nne DZm-l-c-W- am{X-am-Wv. CsXmw hnizmkn-Isf hnfnv: ]WvUn-X]-]p-tcm-ln-X-m-cn A[n-I-t]cpw P\--fpsS [\w A-hn-lnXambn Xnp-I-bpw, Ahsc Jp-B-\ns hgn-bn\nv XS-bp-Ibpw sNp-sav Xu_: 34
Amlp ]d-Xv \S-n-em-hp-I-bm-Wv.
100. Hm hnizm-kn-I-tf, \n thZ-w \I-s--h-cn\nv Hcp hn`m-Ks A\pk-cn-p-I-bm-sW-n, \n- hnizm-kn-I-fm-b-Xn\ptijw Ah \nsf
\ntj[ntev XnhnSp--Xm-Ip-p.
Jp-B\ns amKn\nv XS-bp ap\m-^n-Jp-I-fmb, ]WvUnXamsc A\pk-cn-m Ah \nsf \c-I-n-tevIm-^n-dmb ]nim-Nns hon-tev]nSnv
henpsImpt]mIp-sav Cu kqneqsS ap-dn-bnv \I-p-I-bmWv. An-km-Av:
59, hnizm-kn-Itf, \nfpw \n-fpsS ssIImcy Im-fpw GsX-n-epsamcp hnjb-n `nn-m Amcyw Am-lp-hn-tepw dkq-en-tepw aS--W-sav Iev]n-np-v. kzKn-tev GI-hgn am{XamWp--Xv, Fm \c-I-n-tev Bbn-c-n
sXmm-bncn sXmq-n-sbm-Xv hgnIfm-Wp--Xv (ABw: 153 t\mp-I). _Jd:
109, Ben-Cw-dm: 28,31-32 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
101. \n F-s\-bmWv \ntj-[n-I-fm-hp-I. \n Am-lp-hns kq hmbnv tIn-sSp--hcpw, \n-fn-em-hs Ahs ZqX-\p-ap-v
(Fn-cn-s). BcmtWm Am-lp-hns\ apdpsInSn-Xv Atm \nbw
Ah Ghpw t\cmbamK-n-tev \bn--s--h-\mbncnp-p.
BcmtWm Am-lp-hn hniz-kn-p-Ib
- pw Jp-B\ns\ apdpsInSn-p-Ibpw sNbvXXv, Atm Ahsc Ah-\n\np Imcp-Wy-n {]th-in-n-p-Ibpw Ghpw t\cmb
amK-n-tev amKZi\w sNp-Ibpw sNp--Xm-sWv An-km-Av: 175 ]dnpv (_Jd: 146 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). An-km-Av: 145-, \n-b-w ap\m-^n-Jp-I
\c-I-ns ASn--n-em-sWpw, Ahv \o AhnsS Hcp klm-bnsbbpw ImWp-I-bpan-spw, 146, kXyntev tJZnpaS-p-I-bpw, {]h-\- \m-n-opIbpw Am-lp-hns\ apdpsInSn-p-I-bpw, PohnXw apgp-h Am-lp-hn-\p-thn am{X-amnop-Ibpw sNbvX-h-scm-gn-sI. Atm Aq- hnizm-kn-I-tfm-sSm--am-Wv,
Amlp hnizm-kn-Iv al-mb {]Xn-êw \Ip-IXs sNp-sapw ]d-bp-p.
"Am-lp-hns\ apdpsInSn-pI' FXns hnh-, Am-lp-hns {K-amb samw
Jp-B\ns Bibw apdpsInSn-pI Fm-Wv (Ben-Cw-dm: 103, lv: 78 Iqn-hm-bnp-I). ]nimNv Am-lp-hn\nv a\p-jysc XS-bp-Xv, Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n\nv
XSpsImmWv. Jp-B\ns Bi-b-samgnsI ap{K--sfmw ]Tn-n-p--hcpw
Jp-B\ns Bibw ]Tn-nmsX Aw ]Tn-n-p--h-cpw, Jp-B ]mcm-bWw
Ben-Cw-dm (3)
329
sNbvXmepw ]pWywe`n-p-sav km[m-c-W-msc [cn-n-phcp-amb ap\m^n-Jp-I

a\pjynim-Np--fm-Wv (B-en-Cw-dm: 10 t\mp-I). amCZ: 90-91, AAvdm^v: 175176,
^pJm: 29-30, kpKvdp^v: 36,44, apPm-Zne: 19 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. _Jd: 67,166-167, Ben-Cw
dm: 86-91 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
102. Hm hnizm-kn-Itf, \n Am-lp-hns\ kqn-thn[w kqn-pI.
kkzw Am- l p- h n - A nhcmbnsm- msX \n acnpIbpacp-Xv.
hnizmknbmImsX Hcmfpw kzK-n {]th-in-p-I-bn-. hnizm-kn-Isf hnfnv
Am-lp-hns\ kqn-thn[w kqn-pI Fp]d-Xns hnh, Am-lphns\
lrZ-b-n kqn-v Pohn-p \nv shSn-sh-mt]mepw Gm ]mSn
F-Xm-Wv. AYhm Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-b-n kqnv "Amlv' F kvac-W \S-fnepw Ccp-fn-epw, \ndp--fnepw, InSfnepw Dm-bn-cn-WsamWv.
Am-lp-hns\ Ip-sImv Ncn-p aplvkn-\o- BI-W-apw (Alv: 128)
AmsX Am-lp-hns\ adpI-hgn Ahscs ad sXm-Sn-I (l-iv: 19) BIcp-sX-p-am-Wv. hKo-bX, tZio-bX, hwio-b-X, kzm-X, kwL-S\m ]-]m-Xw, kzP\
]-]m-Xw, a\-ns IpSpv XpS-nb ZpKp-W--sfm-p-an-msX, `b-s-SmsX, sh{]mf-s-SmsX hnbsmgpmsX, Jp-B Bi-b-n\nv I Am-lp-hns\ ktmj-tmSpIqSn lrZbwsImv t\mnsmv (AJn-bma: 22-23) \njvI-f--cmbn
P\nXpt]mse Xncnpt]mIp--h-cmWv apkvenw-I-fmbn acn-p--h. Fm- a\pjycpw
P\n-pXv apkven-am-bn-mWv. ]Xn-\v hb-n\papv acn-p-I-bm-sW-n Ahv
kzKn-tepXs Xncnpt]mImw. Fm ]Xn-\v hb-n\ptijw kzK-ntepXs Xncnpt]mI-W-sa-n samw Jp-B\ns Bi-b-amb Snv FSp-pI
Xs thWw(Ckm: 29). amXm-]n-Xm--fpsS IS-a-bmWv Xsf Gn a-v
Snv \I. Am]w CcpIqcpw \c-I-n CSp-nb ev Hcp-anpIq-Sptmgp cwKw A-Avdm^v: 37-39 ap-dn-bnv \In-bn-p-v. lpP-dmv: 14 ]d,
hnizmkw lrZ- b - n {]th- i n- m _Zp Ad- _ n- I - s f- t mse, Jp- B - \ ns
BibwsImv hnizmkw cq]-s-Sp-m apkvenw \ma-[m-cn--I- \c-I-n-temWv
aSsSpI (B-en-Cw-dm: 90-91 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I).
"Hm hnizm-kn-Itf, \n Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-b-n kqn-p-I'-sbv A`nkwt_m-[\w sNbvXp-sIm-mWv _Jd: 278, amCZ: 35, Alvkm-_v: 70, lZo-Zv: 28, liv: 18
Fo -kq--fpw Bcw-`n-p--Xv. \n-fn Hcm-fp-sS C Rm sImp-hXns\
(Jp-B\ns Bibw) ]n]-p-Xphsc, \n-fn Hcmfpw hnizm-kn-bm-hp-I-bn-sv
\_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. _Jd: 121,152,186,254 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
103. \n Fm-hcpw Hcp-anv Am-lp-hns ]mis apdpsInSn-p-Ibpw
\n `nnmXn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-hn. Am-lp-hns A\p-{K-l-
\n-fpsSta hjnXv kvacn-p-Ibpw sNphn. \n ]c-kv]cw
i{Xp--fm-bncp--tm \n-fpsS lrZ-b-sf ]c-kv]cw CWn, Ahs
A\p-{K-l
- m \nsf ]c-k]
v cw ktlm-Zc
-
- f
- mn amn, Xo IpWvTns
330
JpB\ns Bmhv
sXnem-bncp \nsf Ah AXn\nv c-s-Sp-n. A{]-Imcw
\nv Amlp Ahs kq- hy-ambn hni-ZoI-cnpXcp-p,
\n kamKnembnocpIXs thWw F-Xn\pthn.
Am-lp-hns ]miw Jp-B\ns samw Bi-b-am-Wv. \_n (k) ]Tn-n-p:

Am-lp-hns {K-amb Jp-B kzK-n\nv Ah `qan-bn-tev \on-bn-n-p
s]mn-tm-Im Ib-dm-Ip-p. Jp-B _en-jvTamb Ibdpw t\sc-sNm-mb amK-hp-amsWpw \_n (k) ]Tnn-n-pv (_Jd: 256 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI). Cu JpB\ns\ apdpsInSnv Am-lp-hns HkwL-n Ds]S-W-sa-mWv hnizm-kn-ItfmSv Ievn-p--Xv. _Jd: 176, Am-lp-hns {K-n `nn-np--h Ckvemam-Ip XSn-acw apgph\panmsX sImp]nSnv Zqsc t]mb-hcmWv Fp]d-n-p-v.
Am-lp-hns kwL-a-m kwL--sfmw ]nim-Nns kwL-fm-Wv (apPm-Zne: 19,22
t\mp-I).
Jp-B- Xs-bmWv Ghpw henb A\p-{Klw (_-Jd: 64,105). Fm hnizmkn-I am{Xta AXv A\p-{K-l-ambn ]cn-K-Wn-p-I-bp-q. Jp-BsImv am{Xta
hnizm-kn-IfpsS lrZ-b- CW-m km[n-p-I-bpapq. Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n
\nmWv Fm-h-cp-sSbpw Bmhv Hv Xs-bm-sWpw, Fm a\p-jy-scbpw BZans\
krn--tmXs krn-n-p-spw a\-n-em-Ip--Xv. Fm-h-scbpw `qan-bn-tev
\ntbm-Kn-Xv {km-hns {]Xn-\n-[n-bmbn ChnsS Pohnv kzKw ]Wn-bm-\m-Wv, Fm
Ah-c-hsc Jp-B\ns Bi-bn Xncn--dn-bp-tm am{X-amWv hnizm-kn-IfmIp-Xpw Am-lp-hn-s {]mXn-\n[yw hln-p--Xpw (_-Jd: 27-28 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI).
`qan-bn-ep k-kzhpw sNe-hg
- n-mepw Ah-cpsS lrZ-b
- CWm aplZv \_nv
km[n-p-am-bn-cp-n-, Fm Jp-BsImv AmlphmWv AhcpsS lrZ-b-
]c-kv]cw CWn Hm-n-bXv Fv A^m: 63 ]dn-p-v (_-Jd: 272 hni-ZoI-cWw t\mp-I). hnizm-kn-Ifmb ]pcp-j-amcpw kv{XoIfpw ]c-kv]cw klm-bn-I-fmsWpw Ah \sImv Ievn-p-I-bpw- XnsImv hntcm-[n-p-Ibpw sNp-sapw
Xu_: 71-72 ]d-n-p-v. PpapA Zn\-n, Jp-B\ns Bibw hni-Zo-I-cn-p
JpXp_ tIm hnfn-m Df-c-W-([r-Xn-bnhcn-I)sav PpapA: 9 ]d-n-p-Xv
hnizm-kn-I-fpsS kwL-tmSv am{XamWv. hnizm-kn-I-fpsS kwLw Ds-n Ahv
A[n-Imcw \Ip-sapw, hnizm-kn-I-fpsS kwLapm-m {ian-msX hnhn[ kwLS-\-I-fn kmbqPywsImp--h sXm-Sn-I-fmb ap\m-^n-Jp-I-fm-sWpw Aq: 55-
]d-n-p-v. _Jd: 99 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
"\n \c-I-ns sXn-em-bn-cpp'Fp-]-d--Xns hnh-, \n \in-n-s-tS Hcp L-n Fn-bn-cp ka-b-mWv apl-Zv (k)sb \ntbm-Kn--Xv
Fm-Wv. ac-W-n\pw ]p\ P-n-\p-an-S-bn-ep "_kJv' PohnXn, hnizm-kn
I kzK-n\np Hcp ]qtm-nepw, \ntj-[n-I \c-I-n\np Hcp Ipgnbn-ep-am-bn-cn-p-sav \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. AXp-sImv hnizm-kn-I ac-WtmSpIqSn
kzK-n-tepw \ntj-[n-I \c-I-n-te-pw t]mIp--Xm-Wv (AAvdm^v: 37-38, Xu_:
67-68 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 38-39,121,218 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
104. \-bn-tev hnfn-p-Ibpw \ Ievn-p-Ibpw Xn hntcm-[n-p-Ibpw
Ben-Cw-dm (3)
sNp Hcphn`mKw \n-fn\nv Dm-hpIbpw sN-s.
am{XamWv tamw {]m]n-phcpw.
331
Aq-
"\-bn-tev Wn-pI' Fm Jp-B- kan--p Am-lp-hn-tev JpB\n-s BibwsImv Wn-pI Fm-Wv (^pkzn-ev: 33 t\mp-I). \ Ievn
pI Fm Jp-B\ns Iev-\-I \S-n-em-pI Fpw, Xn hntcm-[n-pI
Fm Jp-B\ns hntcm-[- hntcm[npI Fp-am-Wv. ap-Jo--tfmSv \nfpsS
\mY FmWv Ah-X-cn-n-n-pXv Fv tNmZn-m Ah ]dbpw: Ghpw D-a-ambXv (Jp-B) Fp-]-d-bp--XmWv Fv \lv: 30- ]d-n-p-v. \n-fn Ghpw
D-a Jp-B ]Tn-p-Ibpw ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNp--h-\mWv Fv \_n (k) ]Tn-n-Xns s]mcpfpw asm--. lv: 77-mw kq-n \n \ {]hn-pI,
Fm PohnXeyw kmmI-cnv tamw{]m]nmw Fp]dnpv. amCZ:
2 hnizm-kn-Isf hnfnv, \n ]pWy-nepw XJvhbnepw klI-cn-pI, Ip-fnepw
i{Xp-X bnepw kl-I-cn-m-Xn-cn-pI Fv ]Tn-n-n-p-v. \_n (k) ]Tnnnpv:
\n-fn Hcm Hcp Xn Im AXv ssIsImv XS-bs, AXn\v km[n-pn-s-n \mhpsImv XS-b-s, AXn\pw km[n-pns-n lrZbwsImv Ahs\
shdp--s. AXv Cuam\ns Ghpw _elo\amb cq]-am-Wv. asmcp dntmn lrZbw-sImv shdp-n-n-s-n ]ns Ah\v, Hcp ISpIp-a-Wn-q--ns A{X-t]mepw
hnizm-k-an Fpw ]Tn-n-n-p-v. _Jd: 57,148, BenCw-dm: 81-82 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
105. Xv hy- a mb sXfn- h p- I hpInn- b - X n\ptijw, `nnv
hyXykvXamb kwL-S-\-I Bbnohsctmse \n BIm-Xn-cnp-Ibpw sNphn. Aq-v hn in-bm-Wp--Xv.
\nbw blq-Zn-I Fgp-]-smv hn`m-K-fmbpw, \km-dm- Fgp-]-n-cv
hn`m-K--fmbpw `nn-np-v. Fm Fs Cu kap-Zmbw Fgp-]-n-aqv hn`m-K-ambn
`nn-p-XmWv. Ah-cn Hcp hn`m-Kam--h-scmw \c-I-n-em-bn-cn-pw. Ah
tNmZnp: B hn`mKw BcmWv {]hm-N-I-tc?, \_n adp-]Sn ]dp: Rm\pw Fs klm_nIfpw GsXmcp hgn-bn-emtWm B hgn-bn \ne-sIm-p--h-cm-Wh Fv \_n (k)
]Tn-n-n-p-v. samw Jp-B\ns Bi-bs apdpsInSnv Pohn-p--h-cmWv Amlp-hns kwL-ns] B hn`mKw. Am kwL-S-\-I-fpw, kwL--fp-samw
]nim-Nns kwLfpw \c-I-n-te-p-am-Wv. Jp-B hpInn-bXn\p-tijw `nnh-cmWv \c-I-n-tev t]mhpIsbv {]tXyIw {in-p-I. _Jd: 176,213, Ben-Cwdm:
19-21,101103 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
106. Hcp\mfn Nne apJ- {]k--am-Ip-Xpw apNne apJ- Idpv
Icp-hmfnp--Xp-am-Wv. Atm X-fpsS apJw Idp-ph, Ah-cpsS
hnizm-k-n\ptijw \ntj-[n--h-cm-Wv. \n Jp-B aqSn-sh-psImn-cph-cm-bXpsImv Ctm in cpNn-p-sIm-p-I FhtcmSv ]dbs-Spw.
Jp-B Inn-bnv aqSn-shv XnjvSPohnXw \bn ap\m-^n-Jp-Iv hcm
332
JpB\ns Bmhv
t]mIp Ah--bmWv ChnsS Nn{Xo-I-cn-p--Xv. kpa 5960, Jnbm-ap\mfn

Jp-B aqSn-sh-p-Ibpw If-hm-p-Ibpw sNbvXv, Am-lp-hnsta IwsInav
]d Im^n-dp-I-fpsS apJw Idp--Xmbn \n\v ImWmw. Ccw Al-m-cn-Iv
\c-I-n ]mn-S-an--tbm Fv tNmZn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. BcmtWm ChnsS Ghpw
\-Xns\-Jp-B\ns\ Pohn-n--Xv, Ahv X-Xmb {]Xn^-ehpw h-\-hp-ap-v.
Ah-cpsS apJ- s]mSn-]p-c-fp-Itbm Idp-p-Itbm Ah Zp:JnpItbm, lo\X Ahsc
ap{ZWw sNp-Itbm C, Ah kzK-ns kl-hm-kn-Ifpw AXn \nXy-hm-kn-I-fpam-Ip-p Fv bq\p-kv: 26epw, 27, BcmtWm Jp-B\ns Bi-b-an-msX Xn-I
km-Zn--Xv, Ahv Ah kmZn--Xns {]Xn-^-e-ap-v. lo\X Ahsc ap{ZWw
sNbvXn-cn-p-p. Am-lp-hn\nv Ahsc klm-bn-m Hcp klm bnbpw Dm-hpIbp-an-. Ah-cpsS apJw Iqcn-cp-p cm{Xnsbtmse Idp-n-cp-n-cn pw. Ah \c-Ins kl-hm-kn-I-fpw, AXn \nXy-hm-kn-I-fp-am-bncn-p-sapw ]d-n-p-v. A_k:
40-42, Nne apJ- s]mSn-]p-c-fp-Ibpw, Zp:Jhpw lo\-Xbpw Ahsc _m[n-p-Ibpw
sNpw. Aq- Jp-B\ns\ aqSn-sh \ntj-[n-I-fpw, Jp-B\ns Bibw ]Tn-m
{ian-msX Jp-B\ns icocwXnp ^mPn-dp-I-fp-am-Wv Fp-]-d-n-p-v.
Ilv^v: 29, \ns dn-\np Jp-B-\mWv kXyw, Atm Dt-in-p-
h hniz-kn-p-sIm--s, Dt-in-p--h aqSn-sh-pIbpw sNbvXp-sIms, \n-b-am
bnpw Jp-B aqSn-sh--hv \cIw Hcp-n-sh-n-p-v. AXns Pzme-I Ahsc
hebw sNbvXn-cn-p-p. Ah sh-n-\p-thn tNmZnp-tmsgmw Ahv Fn-t]msebp Npp-]-gp Xnfshw sImSp-p--XpamWv, AXh-cpsS apJ-
Dcp-nI-fbp--Xm-Wv, F{X-tam-i-s ]m\o-b-w, F{X -Zpjn kl-hm-k-w! Fp-]-d-npv (lv: 72, kzm^mv: 62-71, ^Xvlv: 6, apl-Zv: 15 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd:
39,121,254, Ben-Cw-dm: 10 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
107. Fm X-fpsS apJw {]k--ambn shfp-p--hcptm Ah, Amlphns Imcp-Wy-nepw, AXn imiz-Xcpw Xs-bm-bn-cn-pw.
{Kw Innbh-cn\n-p--hcmWv apJw Idp-p--h-cpw, shfp-p--hcpsav Cu
kqw ]Tn-n-p-p. Jp-B\ns\ aqSn-sh--h apJwIdp-p ap\m-^n-Jp-I-fpw, JpB\ns\ ]n]-n-b-h apJw shfp-p hnizm-kn-I-fp-am-Wv (kpa: 17-18,32-33,6061).
kPZ: 18 Amlp tNmZn-p-p: Atm hnizm-kn-bmb Hcm I]-S-hn-izm-knsb
tmse-bm-Ip-tam?, Ah ka-am-hp-Ib
- n- (kPZ: 19-20 Iqn hm-bn-p-I). Cu cv Iqpw
]c-tem-Iv hcmt]mIp nXn lZoZv: 1219 kq-f
- n hni-Zo-Ic
- n-n-p-v. Xlvcow:
8, Ah-cpsS (apJw shfp-p--h-cp-sS) Clnse {]m-\: "RfpsS \mYm,
Rv \o R-fpsS {]Imiw ]qn-bmntc-W-ta, R-fpsS ]m]-
s]mdppXtc-W-ta, \nbw \o Fm-Im-cy-n\pw Ign-hp k-i--\tm'Fmbn-cn-psav ]d-n-pv.
108. AsXmw Am-lp-hns kq--fm-Ip-p, \mw Ah \n\v eytmSpIqSn hmbnptIn-p-I-bm-Ip-p. Amlp temI-tcmSv A\o-XnIm-Wn-m Hpw Dt-inp-n-.
Ben-Cw-dm (3)
333
a\p-jy-cm-cm-sWpw, Ahsc Fhn-sS-bmWv BZyw krjvSn--sXpw, Ahsc Fn\mWv `qan-bn-tev \ntbm-Kn--sXpsamw hni-ZoI-cn-p Jp-B\ns Bibw
(AnIv) {XnIm-e-m-\n-bmb Amlp a\p-jyv \In-bn-pv. AXv hpInn-b
h, R In-, tIn Fp]d-bm CS-h-cm-Xn-cn-m\pw, Inm--hv AXns
Bi-b-n-ep PohnXw FnpsImSp-m\pw _m[y--cm-Wv. As\ kzKhpw
\c-I-hp-samw Jp-B D]-tbm-Knv Hmtcm-cp-cpw ]Wn-tb--Xm-Wv. A-msX Amlp-hn-s\tbm ]nim-Nn-s\stbm Ip-sSp-m ]n Fv Jm^v: 27-29, C_vdmlow: 22 kq--fn ]d-n-p-v. kzKnshv Fm a\p-jy-scbpw Amlp
Jp-B ]Tn-n-n-p--s-pw, AXv D-Wp--XmWv Jp-B\ns Bi-b-amb AnIv
Fpw Adlvam: 14, Jnbma: 14-15 kq--fn\nv a\-n-emmw (_Jd: 38 hniZo-IcWw t\mp-I). Ben-Cw-dm: 182, A^m: 51, lv: 10 kq--fn, \ntj-[nI-tfmSv Ah-cpsS ac-W-k-a-bv ]d-bp--Xm-Wv: Cu \c-Iw \n\-p-thn \ns ssII
km-Zn--XmWv, F-msX Amlp Ahs ASn-a-ItfmSv A]wt]mepw A\oXn
ImWn-p-Ibn- Fp-]-d-n-p-v. k-tem-I-pw Imcp-Wy-am-bn--msX \ns
(ap-l-Zv \_n) \mw Ab-n-n-sv An-bm-Av: 107 ]d-npv. AXn-\m R
Adn-n-, tIn As-n Rsmcp {]hm-N-Is\ \o Ab-n- Fv hnNm-c
Wm-th-f-bn Hgn-I-gnhv ]d-bm Hcmpw km[y-a-. Jp-B Inn-bnv AXv kzbw
]n]-m-Xn-cn-p-I-bpw, ap--hv \Im-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp--h, ap--h-cpsS ]m]`m-c-IqSn hlnv \c-I-n t]mtI-n-h-cp-sav A-Bw: 26 ]d-n-p-v.
`qan \in-p-Xv a\p-jy-cpsS Ic-sImv -X-s-bm-Wv, AmlphmI-s, \njv]-hm\m-Wv (Adqw: 41, ^mXzn: 45 t\mp-I). `qan-bpsS Bbpv \ne-\nmthn
Jp-B\ns Bibw ]Tn-p-Ibpw ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNp--h-cmWv hnizm-kn-I. `qansb
\in-n-p-Xn-\p-thn Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n\npw a\p-jysc XS-bp a\p-jyn-im-Np-fmWv I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I. Fm Poh-Pm-e-pw \^vkpsImp AXns
\a-kvIm-c-co-Xnbpw Io\coXnbpw Amlp ]Tn-n-n-p-sv Ckvdm-Av: 44epw, \q:
41epw Amlp ]d-n-cns, Jp-B\ns Bibw ]Tn-p-Ibpw ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNp
hnizm-kn-Iv Cu Poh-Pm-e--fpsS Io-\-ns Hcp {]Xnêw e`n-p--Xm-Wv.
Fm Jp-B\ns Bibw Inn-bnv AXn\nv P\-sf XS-bp--Xn-\p-thn a\m--hm-Nm--IWm {]hn-p apPvcnwIv, `qansb \in-n-pIhgn AXn-ep
Poh-Pm-e
- Am-lp-hn\v Io\w sNp-Xv XS-X
- n-s- ]m]`mchpwIqSn hlntn-hcpw. ^mnl: 2, _Jd: 119,144-148,261,286, Ben-Cw-dm: 30 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
109. BIm-i
- f
- n-ep FmHpw `qan-bn-ep FmHpw Am-lp-hn-\p-X
- mIpp. kIe Imcy-fpw aSsSp-Xpw Am-lp-hn-tev Xs-bm-Ipp.
BIm-i-`q-an-Isfbpw Ah-n-S-bn-ep khkvXp--sfbpw krjvSnv \ne-\np-h DS-a-bmb AmlphmWv. C\n HcpZnhkw Ah-sc-sbmw Hcp-anpIqn Ah-cp-sSbn-S-bn Xocp-am\w Ievn-p--Xp-am-Wv. Fm kzX{ krjvSn-I-fmb Pnp-Ifpw
a\p-jycpw Ah-cpsS hn[n Jp-B\p]-tbm-Knv ChnsS\nv Xs Xocp-am-\n-t--XmWv.
a\p-jysc kzK-n krjvSnp `qan-bn-tev \ntbm-Kn--b-p-tm- Fs "lpZm'
334
JpB\ns Bmhv
hp-In-pw, AXp ]n]-n-bm \nv Zp:Jnm\pw `b-s-Sm\pw CS-h-cn-I-bn- Fp]-d-n-p-v (_Jd: 38 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). Aqd: 17, lZo-Zv: 25 kq--fn
]d JpB\ns Bi-b-am-Ip Xpemkv D]-tbm-Knv ChnsS Hmtcm-cp-cpw FmIm-cy-fpw Xqn-t\mtXpw, kzK-n-te-p hgnbpw \c-I-n-te-p hgnIfpw
Xncn--dn-bm- Jp-B\ns\ ^pJm-\mbn D]-tbm-K-s-Spt-Xp-am-Wv. JpB\ns
Bi-b-am-Ip _kzm-C D]-tbm-Knv Ahch-cpsS Ccn-nSw ChnsS\nv Xs Xocp-am\n-t--Xpw, Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n Am-lp-hns\ Ip-sImv Fm-bvtmgpw
Fhn-sSbpw "Amlv' F kvac-W-tbm-Sp-IqSn Ncn-p Am-lp-hns {]Xn-\n-[n-Ifmbn
ChnsS Pohn-t--Xpam-Wv. _Jd: 152,210,234 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
110. \n a\p-jypthn ]pd-s-Sp-hn-n-snp Hcp Da kap-Zm-bam-Ip-p. \n \sImv Ievn-p-Ibpw, Xnsbsmv hntcm-[n-pIbpw Am-lp-hns\smv hniz-kn-pIbpw sNp--h-cp-am-Ip-p. thZm hniz-kn-n-cp-p-sh-n AXm-bn-cpp Ahv D-aw, Ah-cn
hnizm-kn-I-fp-v, Fm Ah-cn A[nIt]cpw ^mkn-Jo--fmb I]-Shn-izm-kn-I Xs-bm-Ipp.
a\p-jyv samw kamK-amb (_Jd: 185) Jp-B\ns Bibw Pohn-Xn
]In, a\p-jycn kmywhln-m-\mWv Jp-B-\ns A`n-kwt_m-[-I-cmb hnizmkn-I-tfmSv ]d-bp--Xv. _Jd: 143epw, lv: 78epw {]hm-N-I \npw \n
P\-pw Jp-B\ns PohnXw kmy-s-Sp-Wsapw ]d-np-v. A{]-Imcw
sNbvXn-s-n P\-sf hgn-]n-g-n--Xn-\p ]m]-`m-c-ns Hcp-]v hln-t-n-h-cpsav \lv: 25-26, AI_qv: 12-13 kq-fn ]d-n-p-v. \nbw P\--fn
A[n-I-t]cpw [nm-cn-I-fmb ^mkn-Jo- Xs-bm-sWv amCZ: 49 ]d-n-p-v.
Ah-cn A[n-I-t]cpw ^mkn-Jo--fm-Wv F Bi-b-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bmWv AAvdm^v: 102,
Xu_: 8 Fnhbpw Ah-km-\n-p--Xv. ^mnl: 7, _Jd: 99,166-167,284-285 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I.
111. A]w iey-sSppsa-msX \nsf Ah Hcn-epw D]-{Zhnp-I
bn. \n-fp-ambn Ah bpw sNp-I-bm-sW-n, Ah ]nn-cnv
HmSn--fbpw, ]ns Ah FhnsS\npw klm-bn--s-Sp-I-bp-an-.
PqXam-sc-p-dnpw ap\m-^n-Jp-Isfpdn-p-amWv Cu kq-n ]d-bp-X
- .v Fmw
AS-n-`-cn-p {XnIm-e-m-\n-bmb DS-a-bn `c-ta]n hnizm-kn-IfpsS-ta ]nimNn\v bmsXmcp kzm[o-\-hp-an-sv \lv: 99- ]d-n-p-v. Atm Ccw hnizmkn-Iv, A]-kz]w {]bmkw krn-m-\-msX asmpwsNm a\p-jy-n-im-Np-fmb I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Iv km[n-p-I-bn FmWv Amlp ]Tn-n-p--Xv (_Jd:
102-103 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). I]Shnizmkn-I-v Amlphnt\m `bw hnizmkn-I-sfbmsWv liv: 13 ]d-n-p-v. aZo-\-bn-ep-m-bn-cp ap\m-^n-Jp-I hnizmkn-Is-Xn-cmbn PqXammWv klm-bw hmKvZm\w sNbvXn-cp-sX-pw, Fm
AhcXv \ndthpIbnspw AYhm hnizm-kn-I-fpambn Gp-ap-n-bm, ]pdw-Xn-cnv
HmSn--f-bp-sapw ]ns Ahv Hcp klm-bhpw Fhn-sS-\npw e`n-p-I-bn-spw
liv: 11-12 kq--fnepw ]d-n-p-v (Xu_: 67-68, ^Xvlv: 56 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
Ben-Cw-dm (3)
335
Ben-Cw-dm: 7980 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.

112. FhnsS ImW-s-mepw lo\X (]-Xn-Xzw) Ah-cn ap{ZWw sNsn-cnpw.
Fm Am-lp-hn\ntm a\p-jy-cn\ntm h ]nSn-h
- nbpw Ahv
e`n-p-psh-n AXv asmcp Imcyw. AhcpsSta Am-lp-hn\np
tIm]w ]XnpIgn-p. lo\-Xbpw ssZ\y-Xbpw Ahsc Iog-Sngnp.
AXv \nbw Ah Am-lp-hns kqsf aqSn-sh-ncp--Xp-sImpw
An-bmsf (\_n-amsc) A\ym-b-ambn h[n-p-sIm-n-cp--Xn\mep-am-Wv.
AsX, Ah [nm-cn-Ifpw ]cn[newLn- AXn-{I-aImcnI-fp-am-bXn\m
emWXv.
Xs krn-Ifm-Wtm F Am-lp-hns Imcp-Wy-hpw, a\p-jy-cn s]-h-\mWtm F a\p-jy-cpsS Imcp-WyhpwsImv am{X-am-bn-cpp PqXamv Cu `qan-bn
Pohn-m km[n-Xv. AmsX, Hcp \bpw Ah-cnep-m-bn-cp-n-, adnv Ah Cmbvabpw hm-bv-abpw kzbw sXc-s-Sphcpw, {Iqcamcpw \njvTq-ccpw, Poh-Pm-e-fnshv Ghpw Xn-tb-dn-b-h-cpam-bn-cp-p. Fm Cv I]Shnizm-kn-I-fmWv Cu
kz`m-h-m. apkven-fn hnizm-kn-I Ipdhpw I]S-hn-izm-kn-I IqSp-X-epamb-Xn\m AhmWv temI-s-hn-sS-bpw PqXam-cpsS Cu ZpKXnbpXv. Ah i]n-s--hcpw Fm-h-cmepw Imnv Xp-sSp--h-cpambn A[:]Xnncn-pI-bm-Wv.
JpB\ns Bi-b-n\nv AI-pt]mb-n "Amlv' F kvacW-bnmhcpw
a\p-jy-tcmSpw ap PohPme-t- fmSpw IcpW ImWn-m-h
- c
- pw, PqXam-sc-tmse lrZbw
In--h-cp-ambn amdn-bXn\m-em-WXv. Jp-B\ns Bibw a\p-jy-v ]Tn-npsImSppsImv cw NnmsX kuay-cmbn \ne-sIm-m t{]cn-n-p-Ibpw, a\p-jy-cpsS samw
sFIyw m]n- m - { i- a n- p- I bpw sNp- X n\p]Icw Cu I]- S am, Cv
PqXamcn\nv "kmap-Zm-bnI sFIyw' Gs-Spv apkvenn-S-bn \S-n-em-m
{ianpsImn-cn-p--h-cm-bn A[:]Xn-n-cn-p-I-bm-Wv. Ah samw a\p-jyv
Ckvemans ktiw Fn-m\p Hcp-{]-h-\-nepw Gs-Sp-p-an-. Jp-Bs\
aqSn-sh-pIhgn Am-lp-hn-s\bpw dkq-en-s\bpw sImpIfv akzolpZm-ens\ B\bn-ph-cmbn amdn-bn-cn--bm-Wv. Cukm\_n hm ako-lp--m-ens ]nWn-bm-fpIfpw klm-bn-I-fp-amb Chsc hnizm-kn-I-fpsS kwLw h[n-p--Xpw An-km-Av: 91
Xu_: 123, Alvkm_v: 61 Fo kq-fpsS Iev]\ \S-n-em-p--Xp-am-Wv. Av
Zo Ckvemapw, temI-ns tI{w a-bpambn-cn-pw. _Jd: 61,91,213214, BenCwdm:
21-22 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
113. thZ-ns Alvep-Im-cn Fm-hcpw Hcpt]mse-b-, Am-lp-hns
kq Xnem-hv sNp-h-cmbn \npsImpw (Ahs apn)
kmjvSmwKw {]W-anpsImpw cm{Xn IgnpIqp Hcphn`mKw Ah-cn-epv.
114. Ah Am-lp-hns\smpw Ay-Zn-\ssmpw hniz-kn-p-Ibpw
\sImv Iev]n-p-I-bpw, Xnsbsmv hntcm-[n-p-Ibpw kpIr-X
{]hn-p--Xn\v HmSn\S-p-Ibpw sNp-h-cp-amWv. Aq- k-\-fn s]-h- Xs-bp-am-Ip-p.
336
JpB\ns Bmhv
115. Ah GXv \ {]hn-mepw Atm AXv hne-a-Xn--s-Sm-Xn-cn-p-Ibn-. Ccw kqv-aX]men-p ap-Jo-sf Bcm-sWv Amlp
Ghpw Adn-bp--h-\-tm.
Jp-B\ns Bibw AW-p]-tbm-Knv ISnp]nSnv IgnpIqSm \_n (k)
]Tn-n Ime-L-am-WnXv (Ben-Cw-dm: 199 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Ah-cpsS kz`m-h-amWv
Cu kq-n hnh-cn-n-cn-p-Xv. Atm Aap-kven Jp-B\ns Bibw
hmbnv a\-n-emn hnizmkw cq]-s-Spn, insm-gn-hmn kzw Ip-Spw-_--tfmsSmw {]IrXnPohnXw \bn-mXs Ahv kzK-n t]mIm-hp-X
- m-Wv. AmsX
Ah aXw-amdn t]cpw thjhpw amnhv, Jp-B\ns Bi-b-an-msX \a-kvI-cn-v,
t\mpt\mv, kImp\In, ]ngbm-bnv \c-I-Ip-WvTw kzoI-cn-p-hcn tNtc--Xn
(_Jd: 62 hni-Zo-I-cWw Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). amCZ: 83-85 kq--fn, {]hm-N-I\v Cd-s Jp-B Ahsc tIn-m kXy-n\nv (th-Z-n\n-v) Ah-v Adnbp-Xv ImcWw Ip-\o [mc[mc-bmbn Hgp-Ip-Xv \n\v ImWmw. Ah {]mnp--Xp-am-Wv: "R-fpsS \mYm, R hniz-kn-p, Atm Rsf kmn-I-tfm
sSmw tcJ-s-Sp-tW-ta'. R-fpsS \mY Rsf k-\--fmb Hcp-P-\-X-bn
{]th-in-n--W-sav B{K-ln-p-pshn-cn-s, R Am-lp-hn-s\-smpw, kXyn\nv Rv hp-In--b-Xnepw Fp-sImv hniz-kn-m-Xn-cn-Ww? Atm
Ah-v Xmgv`mK--fn-eqsS \Zn-I Hgp-In-sm-n-cn-p kzK-q-tm-p-I {]Xn-^
e-ambn \In. A{]-Im-c-amWv kpIr-X-hmamv {]Xn-êw \I-pI. Cpw sslh-cnepw ss{IkvX-hcn-ep-amWv Cu kz`mhw A]-sa-nepw \ne-\np--Xv. apkvenw
IfpsS lrZbw In-p-t]m-b-Xp-Im-cWw Jp-B kq- tImepw Ah-cpsS a\-en-bp-n-, shdpv hn-p-I-bmWv sNp-I.
kpa: 17, "XzmKq-n's\ (_Jd: 257 t\mpI) hnv Am-lp-hn-tev aSn-b- Fs ASn-a-Iv ktm-j-hm Adn-bn-pI Fp]d-ti-jw, 18- Ah
Jp-B\ns Bibw {inptIp-hcpw, AXv Ghpw \\nev ]n]-ph-cpam-sWpw, Ah Xs-bm-Wv Am-lp-hns amKn-ep--h-sc-pw, Ah XsbmWv _pnamamscpw ]d-n-p-v. lZoZv: 19 samw Jp-B\ns Bi-bn
Am-lp-hnepw {]hmNIam-cnepw hniz-kn-p--h Xs-bmWv kXy-k-amcpw kXykm-n-I-fpsa-pw, Ahv X-fpsS dns ] Ah-cpsS {]Xn-^-ehpw {]Imihpapspw, Jp-B kq- aqSnshp ap\m-^n-Jp-Ifpw, Xnd-bp ^mPndp-Ifpw \c-I
- ns kl-hm-kn-If
- m-sWpw ]d-n-p-v. Jp-B\
- m-Ip lpZsb ]n]p-h Xs-bmWv ap-Jo-sfv _Jd: 2 ]d-n-pv. Jp-B\ns XW-en-em kmtlm-Z-cy-_---sfmw ]c-kv]cw i{Xp-X-bn-em-bn-cn-p-sav kpKvdp-^v: 67
]d-n-p-v (^pJm: 29, Xu_: 71-72 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Aq: 37, hnizm-kn-I-fmbn-p Bfp-Isf Ah-cpsS I-h-Stam {Ib-hn-{I-btfm Am-lp-hns kvac-W-bpWp Jp-B\ns Bi-b-s-sXmv XS-bp-I-bn, Ah \a-kvImcw \ne-\np-hcpw, kImv \Ip--h-cpw, Ip-Ifpw lrZ-b-fpw Cf-In-a-dn-bp B hn[n-Zn-hks `b-s-Sp--h-cp-am-sWv ]d-n-p-v. ^mnl: 6, _Jd: 148, Ben-Cw-dm: 5253 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Ben-Cw-dm (3)
337
116. \n-b-w Jp-B\ns\ aqSnsh-p \ntj-[n-I, Ah-cpsS k-p-Itfm

km-\--tfm Am-lp-hn\nv Ahv Hcp-hn-[-nepw D]-Im-c-s-Sp-Ibn-. Aq \c-I-ns kl-hm-kn-I-fpw AhcXn \nXy-hm-kn-I-fp-amIp-p.
ChnsS ]d Im^n-dp-I I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fm-Wv. Amlp-hns Ghpw henb
A\p-{K-l-amb Jp-B Inn-bnv apSn-sh--h-cm-b-Xn-\m Am-lp-hns tIm]-n\pw
im]-n\pw Cc-bm-b-h-cm-Wh. Ahsc Amlp sImp-I-f-n-cn-pXn\m AhcpsS ktm km-\--tfm HpwXs ]c-n Ahv D]-Im-c-s-Sp-I-bn-, Ah
ac-W-tm-Sp-IqSn \c-I-n t]mIp--h-cpam-Wv. Pm-knb: 710 kq--fn Amlp
]d-bpp: Ip-hm-fn-I-fmb Ifhv sIn--a-p Fm- H-cp-\pw \miw. Am-lp-hns
kq- Ah\v hni-Zo-I-cn-p-sIm-Sp-m AXv tIm--hn[w Ah AI-p-t]mIp-p. Atm Ah\v thZ-\m-P-\-I-amb in-sImv "ktm-j-hm' Adnbn-p-I.
\psS kq--fn\nv Ah\v Fs-nepw Adn-bp-sa-n Ah\Xns\ ]cn-lm-k
ambn sXsc-s-Sp-p-p, Aq-v \ny-amb in-bmWp-Xv. Ahv ac-W-tijw
\c-I-K-hp-ap-v, Ah km-Zn--Xpw, Am-lp-hns\qSmsX kwc--Iam-scbpw
klm-bn-I-sfbpw sXsc-s-Sp-Xpw Ahv D]-Im-csn-. Ahv thZ-\m-P-\-Iamb in-bm-Wp--Xv. 11- Amlp ]d-bpp: CXmWv kamKw, BcmtWm XfpsS \mYs kq- aqSn-sh--Xv, Ahv thZ-\m-P-\-Ihpw amen-\yhpamb inbm-Wp--Xv. Xu_: 125-, I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Iv Jp-B amen-\y-n-\p-ta amen-\y-amsX hn-n-p-I-bn Fp-]-d-n-p-v. ABw: 145-, Am-lp-hns t]cn-emsX \on-sh `-W-km-[-\-fpw ]n-amw-khpw amen-\yhpw Im]-Sy-ap-f-hm-p-Xp-amWv Fp-]-d-n-p-v. kqd: apl-Zv: 1, Am-lp-hns amK-amb Jp-B\ns
Bibw aqSn-sh-p-Ib
- pw, AXn\nv P\-sf XS-bp-Ibpw sNbvXh
- c
- psS {]h\
hgn-]n-gpt]mbn Fp-]-d-n-p-v (l-iv: 9,18 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). ^mnl: 7, _J-d:
67,99,121,159-161, Ben-Cw-dm: 1015 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
117. ùXnI Pohn-X-n Ah sNe-h-gn-p--Xns D]a AXn-ssi-Xy-ap
Hcp Imp-t]m-se-bm-Wv. X-tfmSpXs A{Iaw {]hn Hcp P\-XbpsS IrjnbnSs AXv _m[n-p-Ibpw, AXns\ \in-n-p-Ibpw
sNbvXp. Amlp Ah-tcmSv A{Iaw {]hn-n-n-, Fm Ah AhtcmSpXs A{Iaw {]hn-p--h-cm-bn-cp-p.
AXn-ssi-Xy-ap Imv Xom-st]mses Irjn-bn-Ss \in-n-p-X
- mWv.
GsXmcp {]hr-nbpw Am-lp-hn-s\ kvacn-p-sImpw, Ah honpp-s t_m[nepwambn-cn-p-tm am{X-amWv AXv kzoI-cn-s-SpI. "Amlv' F kvacWbpmp-X
- n\v Jp-B\ns Bibw AXym-hiy-amWv. Jp-B\ns Bi-ba
- n-s-n GsXmcp
{]hr-nbpw A\p-{K-l-n\p]Icw FXncmb ê-amWv Df-hm-p-I. Ilv^v: 103-104
kq--fn \_n-tbmSv tNmZn-m ]d-bpp: {]hr-n-I apgp-h ]mgm-bn-tm-b-h
Bcm-sWv \mw \nv ]d-p-X-c-stbm? Cl-n AhcpsS {]b-Xv\
bYm hgn-bn\nv ]n-g-pt]mbh-cmWv, Fm Ah DXv]m-Zn-n-p-Xv \-XmsW-v Ah IW-p-Iq-p-Ibpw sNp-p. 105-, Aq--cmWv X-fpsS \mYs kq
338
JpB\ns Bmhv
aqSn-sh--hcpw, XfpsS \mYs\ Ip-ap-n Dcw ]d-b-W-sa hkvXp-X ad-h-cpw. Atm Ah-cpsS {]h-\--sfmw \njv^-e-am-bn, hn[n-Zn-hkw Ahv
Xpem-kn Xqw e`n-p-I-bn- Fp-]-d-n-p-v. B]-p-I-sfmw a\p-jycpsS Ic {]hn--Xns A\--c-^-e--fm-sWv Adqw: 41-- ]d-n-pv (An-kmAv: 7879 t\mp-I). Amlp \Inb A\p{K-l- Am-lp-hns Xr]vXn-bn D]tbm-K-s-Spn sFlnIPohn-Xn kzKw ]Wn-b-em-Wv PohnXeyw. Atm
hnizm-kn-I-fpsS Fm{]h-\--fp-sSbpw eyw, ]c-tem-Iv AXns {]Xn-êw
e`n-Wsam-bn-cn-pw. AYhm \_n (k) ]Tn-n sFlnI PohnXw ]c-temI
tp Irjn-bn-S-am-Wv FXv A\z-am-phcm-W-h. ùXnI PohnXw am{Xw
eyw shv Pohn-p--h \ntj-[n-I-fpw, A{I-an-Ifpw ]c-tem-I-n Hcphnln-X-hp-an
msX \jvS-s--h-cp-am-bn-cn-pw. _Jd: 39,57,186,200-202,264,266 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I.
118. Hm kXy-hn-izm-kn-Itf, \n \n-fn s]-h-scbmsX \n-fpsS tae[n-Im-cn-If
- m-c
- p-Xv. \nsf NqjWw sNm e`n-p Hc-hk
- c
- hpw Ah
]mgm-p--X-. \n \inv ImW-sW-sa-mWv Ah B{K-ln-p--Xv.
Ah-cpsS hmb-I-fneqsS \n-tfm-Sp hntZzjw shfn-s-Sp-n-bn-p-apv.
Ah-cpsS s\n-\p-n- Hfn-npshXv AX-ntesd `b--c-a-s{X. \nbw
\nv \mw kq- hy-amn Xncnp-p\n Nnn-p-hcmsW-n.
Am-lp-hns kwL-amb hnizm-kn-I ]c-kv]cw ktlm-Zc ktlm-Z-cnIfm-Wv.
Ah- Ah-cns]-h
- s
- c-b
- msX, \ntj-[n-Is
- f-tbm A{I-an-It- f-tbm I]-Sh
- n-izm-kn-It- ftbm
Ah-cpsS tae-[n-Im-cn-If
- mbpw ssIIm-cy-Im-f
- mbpw t\Xm-f
- mbpw kzoI-cn-p-Ibn
(Ankm-Av: 59). hnizm-kn-I \inp ImW-W-sa-mWv \ntj-[n-I B{K-ln-pI.
hnizm-kn-I-fpsS `mK-p-\n-p sNdnb Hcp A_wt]mepw DuXn honv \ntj-[nI P\-a-[y-n Ahsc CI-gvp--Xm-Wv. AXpt]mse ]e Xc-n-ep A-hnizm-k-fpw sIn-shv a\p-jyv Pohn-X-`mcw Dmp hn[-n-ep {]h-\-fm-bn-cnpw \ntj-[n-I-fn \np-m-hp-I. ]en-i, ]qgvn-sh-v, I--S-v, Icn--,
IpgWw, kv{Xo[\w XpS-nb Fm Xn-Ifpw \ntj-[n-I t{]mm-ln-n-p--XmWv. Npcp-
- n hnizm-kn-I a\p-jysc Am-lp-hn-tepw kzKn-tepamWv Wnp--sX-n \ntj-[n-I ]nim-Nn-tepw \c-I-n-te-p-amWv Wn-p--Xv. ap\m^n-Jq: 4, I]-S-hnizm-kn-I-fpsS icocw \ns Ap-X-s-Sp-pw, Ah kwkm-cnm \o tIp-\npt]mIpw, Ah Npa-cn Nmcn-sh hnd-Ip-sIm-n-If
- m-Wv, Fm ihpw
Ahs-Xn-cm-sWv Ah [cn-pw, AhcmWv bYm i{Xp-, Amlp Ahsc
sImp-I-f-n-cn-pp Fp-]-d-n-p-v. Cu I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I amen-\y-am-sW-pw,
Ahsc hn--W-sapw Xu_: 95-epw ]d-n-p-v (An-kmAv: 144, amCZ: 41,51
Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 1416,39,109,166-167,257, Ben-Cw-dm: 28 t\mp-I.
119. lm, \n Cq-Xs, Ahsc \n kvt\ln-p-p. Fm Ah
\nsf kvt\ln-p-p-an-, \n FmthZnepw hniz-kn-p-hcpam-Wv. \nsf Ip-ap-p-tm Ah ]dbpw: Rfpw hniz-knncn-pp, Fm \n-fn\nv ]ncnpt]mbmtem, \n-tfm-Sp hntZzj-
Ben-Cw-dm (3)
339
m Ah hnc-ep-I ISn-p-I-bm-bn, Ah-tcmSv ]d-bp-I: \n \n

fpsS tZjy-m \odn acnpsImp-I. \nbw, Amlp s\IfpsS Ah icnpadn-bp--h-\-tm.
XfpsS Iq-n Pohn-p- \ntj-[n-I-fmb I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fpambpw PqXamcp-ambpw CS-]-gIn Pohn-p--Xn hnizm-kn-I shdpv {]I-Sn-n-ncpn-. hnhn[
Ime-L---fnembn H{Kw am{Xta hn-pq Fpw, Ah-sbmw AXmXv Ime-tp a\p-jyp amK-Zi-\-ambncpspw hniz-kn-p--h-cm-Wv hnizm-kn-I.
B {K-ns Ah-km\ cq]-amb Jp-B\pw AXv hni-Zo-I-cn-p {]hm-N-I\pw
samw a\p-jycntev Amlphn\m \ntbm-KnsXm-sWpw (A-Avdm^v: 158,
k_-Av: 28, ^pJm: 1) hniz-kn-p--h-cm-Wv Ah. Fm hnizm-kn-I-fpsS apn
hnizmkw {]I- S n- n- p- h- c pw, H- m- I p- t m hnizm- k n- I - t fm- S p shdpns
B[nIywsImv hnc ISn-phcpamWv I]Shnizm-kn-I. F-s\-sb-nepw hnizmkn-I-fpw {]hm-N-I-\pw \in-pImWWsa HNn am{Xta Ahp-m-bn-cp-pp.
Am-lp-hns i{Xp--fmb Ccw ap\m-^n-Jp-Iv Cpw hnizm-kn-I-tfm-Spw, Jp-Bt\mSpw AS-m hntZz-j-am-Wp--sXv ImWmw. Ccw \ntj-[n-I-fmb B{IanI
Xs-bmWv \msf ]c-tem-I-pshv X-fpsS ssII-Snv: Hm! Iw, Rm dkq-ens
amKw sXsc-s-Sp-n-cp-s-n F{X \m-bn-cp-t-s\, Hm! Iw, Rm Cm-en-hs\ B-an-{X-ambn sXsc-s-Sp-n-p-m-bn-cp-n-s-n F{X \mbncp-t-s\,
Ah-\m-Wtm Jp-B-\ns Bibw F\nv hp-In--b-Xn\ptijw AXn\nv Fs
XSXv, ]nimNv a\p-jy\v alm-h--I Xs-bm-bn-cn-ptm Fv hne-]n-p
cwKw ^pJm: 26-29 ap-dn-bnv \In-bn-p-v (amCZ: 41-42 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd:
24, 14,44,76, Ben-Cw-dm: 111112 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
120. \nsmcp \ ]nSn-s]m \nbw AXv Ahsc Zp:Jnn-p-Ibpw
\nsmcp Xn ]nSn-s-m AhcXn BmZw sImp-Ibpw sNpw.
Fm \n an-p-I-bpw, Am-lp-hns\ kqn-p-I-bp-am-sW-n
Ah-cpsS IpX-{-s
- fmpw \nsf _pn-ap-n-p-X
-
- . \nbw Amlp
Ah {]hn-p--sXmw hebw sNbvXn-cn-p-p.
Amlp Fmw ]Xn-bn-cpv hon-p--h-\msWv A^Pv: 14epw, \bpw
Xnbpw Am-lp-hn\nm-Wv, Fm \ Am-lp-hn\npw, Xn Ah-c-hcn\nmsWv An-km-Av: 78-79epw ]d-n-p-v. Ftmgpw "Amlv' F kva-c
W-tbmSpIqSn \ne-sImp hniz-kn-Iv Xn hcn-I-bn-. AXmWv \n an-pI-bpw, Am-lp-hn-s\ lrZ-b-n kqn-p-I-bp-am-sW-n Bcp-sSbpw D]-{Zhw
\nv GipI-bn Fp]d-Xns Xm]-cyw. lqZv: 56epw, AeJv: 1516epw `qanbn-ep FmPoh-Pm-e--fp-sSbpw ISn m (\n-b-{-Ww) Am-lp-hns ]-emsWpw, Am-lp-hn `c-ta]n hnizm-kn-Isf D]-{Z-h-ta]n-m Hcmpw km[ya-spw ]d-n-p-v. Fm-h-cp-sSbpw Fm{]h-\-fpw t\cs \n-bnv Hcp{K--n tcJ-s-Sp-n-b-h-\mWv {XnIm-e-m-\n-bmb Am-lp. hnizm-kn-I
Ftmgpw Cs\ {]mn-p--h-cm-Wv:
Fm-n-sbpw ISn-m \nb-{np \mYm, Rm \ns \nb-{-Wnep
340
JpB\ns Bmhv
FmhkvXp--fp-sSbpw Xnsbsmv \ntmSv A`bwtXSp-p). aKvcn-_n\ptijhpw

kp_vlnv tijhpw Ggp {]mhiyw Cs\ {]mn-m \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v
F\nv Amlp aXn, Ah-\
- msX thsdmcp Cem-lp-an, Ah-\nemWv Rm `c-tannp--Xv. Ah al-mb knwlm-k-\-ns DS-a-b-tm.
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fp-sS kz`mhw Xu_: 50 Cs\ hnh-cn-n-cn-pp: \n\smcp
\ _m[n-m AX-hsc Zp:Jnn-pw, \n\smcp Xn _m[n-mtem, R RfpsS
Imcyw aptXs t\mn Fp]- d - p- s Imv Ah Bm- Z - ` - c n- X - c mbn ]nncnpt]mIp--XmWv. 51, Ah-tcmSv ]d-bm \_n-tbmSv Iev]n-pp: Rv
Amlp FmtWm tcmJ-s-Spnsh-cn-p--Xv, AX-msX _m[n-p-I-bn-, Ah\mWp RfpsS bP-am-\. Atm hnizm-kn-I Fm-Im-cy-fpw Am-lp-hn-emWv
`c-ta]n-pI.
A-n-km-Av: 72, \n-fn Nne-cp-v, `qan-bn Hn-]n-Snv bp--fn ]s-Sp
msX Hgn-p-am-dp-h. As\ bp-f
- n ]s-Sp hnizm-kn-Ip h Xnbpw
_m[n-m Ah ]d-bpw: Amlp Rsf A\p-{K-ln-Xn\m-emWv R AhtcmsSmw kmn-I-fm-ImXncpXv. 73, hnizm-kn-Iv Am-lp-hn\np h-\bpw e`n-m Ahpw \np-an-S-bn bmsXmcp _-hp-ap-m-bn-cp-n Fhn-[-n Ah ]d-bpw: Hm! Fs IjvSw, Rm Ah-tcm-sSm--am-bn-cp-s-n B almb hnP-bn ]p-sIm-m-am-bn-cp--tm. lv: 11epw ap\m-^n-Jp-I-fpsS Ccw
kz`mh hc-p-Im-Wn-p-p-v. AAvdm^v: 176, AhscbmWv D]-{Z-hn-mepw Csnepw amwhcm \mb-tbmSv D]-an-n-cn-p-Xv. _Jd: 234 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
121. Hm {]hm-N-Itc, \o hnizm-kn-Isf Ah-cpsS bp--m\--fn \ntbm-Knp--Xn\pthn \ns IpSpw-_mwK-fn\nv {]`m-X-nXs Cdn
ncn-Xpw Hmt-Xm-Wv. Amlp FmwtIp k-\-tm.
lnPvd aqmw hjw im-en \S DlvZv bp-spdn-mWv XpSphcp
kq- ]cm-ain-p--Xv. lnPvd cmw hj-n da-fm ]Xn-t\-gn\v _Zvdnshv
\S t]mcm--n \ntj[n {]ap-Jam-cn ]ecpw h[n--s-Sp-Ibpw Fgp-]tXmfw
t]sc _n-I-fmbn ]nSn-pIbpw sNbvX-Xncpp. AXn\p]Icw tNmZn-p-hm lnPvd
3mw hjw A_q-kp^vbms t\Xr-Xzn GI-tZiw apm-bn-ctmfw tbmm-
km-bp[tfmSpwIqSn aZo-\-vt\sc ]pd-s-p. tbmm- bp-apJp\nv ]nncnpt]mIm-Xn-cn-m\pw, Ahsc t{]mm-ln-n-m\pwthn Ah-cpsS kv{XoIsfbpw
IqsSsImp-h-n-pmbn-bn-cp-p. \Kca[y-nshv Ahsc XS-bm-\mWv \_nbpw
{]apJ klm- _ n- I fpw BtemNn- n- c psX- nepw, _Zv bp- n ]s- S p- m
IgnbmXncn-p-I-bpw, c-kmnXzw hln-m sImXn-pIbpw sNbvXn-cp Nne bphm-fpsS Bh-iy-{]-Imcw DlvZv]X `mK-tv \_nbpw Bbn-ctmfwhcp tbmmfpw ]pd-s-SpI-bm-Wp-m-b-Xv.
122. \n-fns] cphn`mKw òcpXzw ImWn-m Hcp--s-tXmp-I,
Amlp AhcpsS klm-bnIfm-bn-cns. Atm hnizm-kn-I Am-lphn-Xs `ctantXmIpp.
Ben-Cw-dm (3)
341
ap\m-^nJv t\Xm-hmb A_p-m-ln_v\p D_-_v\p kpeq-ens t\XrXz-n

apqdpt] hgnpshv ]nn-cnv t]mhpI-bp-m-bn. AXn òXn]q _\qka,
_\qlmcnkv Fo cptKm{X-mcmWv ChnsS cv hn`mKwsImp hnh. BenCwdm: 160, amCZ: 11, Xu_: 51, apPm-Zne: 10, XKm-_p: 13 XpS-nb kq--sfmw Ahkm-\n-p--Xpw "Atm hnizm-kn-I Am-lp-hn `c-ta]n-s' F Bi-b-nem-Wv.
123. \n Xosc Zp_-e-em-bn-cp--tm, _Zvdnshv \nbw Amlp
\nsf klm-bn-n-p-Xm-Wv. AXpsImv \n Am-lp-hns\ kqnp-I. \n \n {]I-Sn-n-p--h Xs-bm-bncnWsa--Xn\pthn.
Bbp-[-tfm bpw sNbvX ]cn-N-btam Hp-an-m Zp_-e-cmb GI-tZiw
apq-n--Xn-aqv Bfp-I-fmWv, _Zvdn bp-\n-]p-Wcpw Bbp[fWn--h-cp-amb
Bbnctmfw hcp amapivcnp-I-sf t\cn--Xv. "\n \n-bp--h-cm-Ip-Xn\pthn' Fp]d--Xns hnh, samw a\pjy Hp-In \n {]I-Sn-np-h, Asn \nsI-h Fo cv hn`m-K-amWv. AXp-sImv \n \n-{]I-Sn-n-p--h-cn Ds-SpI FmWv (Ckm: 3, _eZv: 10 t\mpI). _Jd: 152,156
124. \o hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv ]dpsImn-cp k`w Hmp-I. \n-fpsS
\mY apm-bncw ae-p-Isf Cdn \nsf klm-bn-p-saXvv \nv
t]msc-tbm?
125. AsX, \n a ssIsIm-p-I-bpw Am-lp-hns\ kqnv {]hnp-I-bp-am-sW-n, i{Xp--fpsS B{IaWapm-Ip \nanjwXs
\nfpsS \mY, CXm AS-bm-f-ap Am-bncw ae-p-I-fm \nsf
klm-bn-p--Xm-Wv.
126. AXv \n--smcp ktmjhmbpw, AXpaptJ\ \n-fpsS lrZbw
`b-an-msX imn \n`-c-am-Im\pw thnbmsXb Amlp Adn-bn-Xv.
AP--\mb k{]Xm-]nbpw, bpn-\mb X{-m-\n-bp-amb Amlp-hn\n-msX \nv klm-b-sampanXs.
127. kXy-\n-tj-[n-I-fpsS Nnd-Iv HSnpIf-bp--Xn-t\m, A-n Bi-b--h-cmbn
]nXn- c npt]mIp- hn[w Ahsc HXp- p- - X nt\m thn- b mWv
(Amlp \nv Cu klmbw hmKvZm\w sNp--Xv).
\ntj-[n-I apm-bncaps-n Ahsc t\cn-Sm apm-bn-cw ae-p-Isfbndn
klm-bn-p-sav \_n (k) hnizm-kn-Isf DWn-bn-cp-p. Atm Amlp ]d-bpp: \n an-p-h-cpw, Amlp-hns\ kqn-p--h-cp-am-sW-n AS-bm-f-ap
Am-bncw ae-p-IsfXs Cdn klm-bn-p--XmWv. CXv \nsf kam-[m-\n-nm-\pw, \n-fpsS lrZ-b-n\v Ddpw imnbpw e`n-p--Xn-\p-wthn-b-s{X. Cu
bpw \S-msXXs hnizm-kn-Iv hnP-bw-\Im\pw Ah\v km[n-p-ambn-cp-
342
JpB\ns Bmhv
tm. Cu bpw bYmn apkvenfn\np hnizm-kn-I-sfbpw I]-ShnizmknI- s fbpw Xncn- - d n- b m- \ m- s Wv Ben- C w- d m: 166- 167 kq- - f n ]d- n- pv .
bptijw amapivcnp-I Hpw t\Sm\mhmsX Bi-b--h-cmbn ]nn-cnpt]mIpI-bm-Wpm-bXv.
128. Imcy- Xocp-am-\n-p--Xn \n\v Hcp]p-an. Ah-cpsSta ]m
m]w kzoIcnt-mw, As-n Ahsc inn-tmw. \nbw,
Atmfh A{I-an-I Xs-bm-Wv.
129. BIm- i - fnep FmHpw `qan- b n- e p Fm Hpw Am- l p- h n\pXmIpp, Ah Dt-in-p--hv s]mdppsImSp-p-p, Ah
Dt-in-p--hsc inn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. AmlphmIs Gsd s]mdpp-- Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[n-btm.
bpns Bcw-`-n apkvenv hnPbw e`n-p-Ibpw i{Xp- ]nncnpt]mIp-Ibpw sNbvXp. aeapI-fn \n-bn-n-cp As-bvp-Im bp-ap-X
hmcn-q-p--Xn\pthn Cdnhcn-Ibpw, apkven bp-ap-X hmcn-q-p-Xn {i]-Xn-n-p-Ibpw sNbvX-tm (B-en-Cw-dm: 152 Iqn-hm-bn-pI), i{Xpfn IpXnc
tk\-bpsS t\XrXzw-h-ln-n-cp JmenZp_v\p heoZns IpXnc ssk\yw _mnbp
As-bvp-Imsc AsbvXv hogvp-Ibpw ae-ap-I-fn-eqsS bp-ssa-Xm-\n-bn-tev
Cdnhcn-Ibpw sNbvXp. A_q-kp-^vbms t\Xr-Xz-n-ep ssk\yw adp-`m-K-n-eqsSbpw apkvensf hf-p. \_n (k)v shtp-Ibpw ]v \jvS-s-Sp-Ibpw Xev
apdn-thp-Ibpw sNbvXp. "apl-Zv h[n--sp' (B-en-Cw-dm: 144) F Inwh-Znhsc
{]N-cn-p-I-bpw apkven Nnn-n-Xdn Bscbpw t\mmsX, {]hm-N-I Ahsc hnfnp-Xv {in-msX ]nXncntmSp-Ibpap-mbn (Ben-Cw-dm: 153). B ka-bv
i{Xp-s-Xn-cmbn \_n (k) {]mn-p-t]m-bn: X-fn-tev \ntbm-Kn--s {]hmNIs\ \in-n-m {ian-p Hcp P\X Fs\ kamK-n-emIm-\m-Wv. AtmgmWv Cu kqw Ah-X-cn--Xv. _Jd: 272, Ah-cpsS kamKw \ns ]-en
Fpw Jkzkv: 56, \nbw \o CjvS-sSp--hsc kamK-n-tem-p-n,
Fm Amlp Ah Dt- i n- p- - h sc kamKnte- m- p- p, BcmWv
kamKn-sev Ghpw Adn-bp--h AmlpXs Fpw-]-d-n-cn-p-p..
]d-Xpt]mse Xs, lnPvd Bdmw hjw lpssZ-_nb kn-tbm-S-\p-_-nv
JmenZp_v\p heo-Zns\bpw, lnPvd 8mw hjw A_q-kp^vbm, `mcy lnv, DlvZv bpn \_n (k)bpsS ]nXr-hy lwk (d)hns\ h[n lnns ASnabmb B{^n
\ot{Km hlvin XpS-n-b-h-scbpw apw Amlp Ckvem-an-tev sImp-h-p. Npcp-n, Ckvemw Bcp-sSbpw Ip-I-b, AXv Amlp Ahs samw krjvSn-Iv
Xr]vXn-s PohnXhyh--bm-Wv. AXn-tev Hcmsf sImp-h-cm apl-Zv \_n-tm
(]n-Xr-hy A_q-Xzm-en-_ns\tbm, kzam-Xm-hn-s\-tbm--Xu_: 113), C_vdmlnw \_ntm
(kz-]n-Xm-hn-s\Xu_: 114) \qlv \_ntm (kz-a-I-s\-tbm, `mcy-sb-tbmlq-Zv: 45-46)
eqv \_ntm (kz-`m-cy-sbXlvcow: 10) amptam km[y-a-. adnv kamKw
Hmtcm-cp-cpw DS-a-bmb Am-lp-hn-t\mSv tNmZnv hmt--XmWv (Ben-Cw-dm: 185, C_vdmlnw: 1 t\mp-I) _Jd: 5456,213,284, BenCwdm: 19,85,185 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Ben-Cw-dm (3)
343
130. Hm hnizm-kn-Itf, \n ]eni Cc-n-nv IpanpIqn Xn-mXncn-phn,

\n Am-lp-hns\ kqn-p-Ibpw sNphn\n hnPbwhcn-p-h-cm-hpIXs-thWw F--Xn\pthn.
131. kXy\ntj-[n-Iv Hcp-n-sh-n-p \c-Is \n kqnp-Ibpw
sNp-hn.
132. \n Am-lp-hn-\pw, Ahs ZqX\pw hgn-s-Sp-Ibpw sNp-I\n
A\p-{Kln--s-Sp--h Xsbmbn-cn--W-sa--Xn\pthn.
]nim-Nns h-m-fmb PqXam-cp-sSbpw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fp-sSbpw kz`m-h-am-Wv
]enibnS-]m-Sp-I. hnizm-kn-I ]eni hyh \nam\wsNbvXv kImv hyh
\S-n-em-m {ianp--h-cm-Wv. Amlp \Inb A\p-{K-l- Ahs krjvSn-IfpsS Pohn-X-`mcw Cd-n-shv Ahv kam-[m-\-]q-]amb PohnXw Dm-p-Xn\pthn hn\n-tbm-Kn-p--hcpw ap--hsc AXn-\p-thn t{]cnn-p--h-cpamWv
hnizm-kn-I. A-Km-_p: 15-17 kq- DsmpsImv Am-lp-hn\v
\\nev ISw sImSp-p--h-cm-W-h. Av aZo-\-bn-ep hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv, bpn\pth sNe-hp-I hln-m k--cm-hm\mWv kq-n-eqsS Bh-iy-s-Sp-
Xv. AmsX ]eni hmphcpw, sNe-h-gn-m aSn-bp ep_v[am-cpamb I]-S-hnizmkn-Ifmbn PohnXw \sSpn \c-I-ntev Xncn-pt]m-Ip--h-cm-Im-Xn-cn-p-I
FmWv. Cv bp-an-, adnv Jp-B aqSn-sh-p \ntj-[n-I-tfmSv Jp-B\ns
BibwsImp PnlmZv am{X-am-Wp-Xv (^pJm: 52). Atm Cv Jp-B\ns
Bi-bw- ]-Tnm\pw, ]Tn-n-m\pw kpw asm A\p-{K-l-fpw sNe-h-gn--emWv
kzKw t\Sm-\p amKw. ]eni \nm\w sNm\pw epv Cm-Xm-m-\p-ap
amKhpw AXp-X-sbmWv. Am-lp-hn\pw dkq-en\pw hgn-s-SpI Fp]d-m JpB\ns samw Bibw ]n]n Pohn-pI FpXs-bm-Wv. \_n (k) ]Tn-n-np
v: Bsc-nepw \psS Iev]\bnm GsXmcp {]hrn sNbv-Xmepw AXv X-sSp--Xm-Wv. (_Jd: 275-276, Ben-Cw-dm: 31-32 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I).
BcmtWm ]nipv ImWn-p-I-bpw, P\--tfmSp ]nip-n-\p-thn Iev]n-p-Ibpw,
Amlp Ahv \In-bn-p A\p-{K-l- aqSnsh-p-Ibpw sNpXv, Acw
\ntj-[n-Iv \ny-amb in Hcp-n-sh-n-p-sv A-n-km-Av: 37 ]d-n-p-v.
A-Bw: 155, AAvdm^v: 63,204, Aw-ev: 46, Aq: 56, bmko: 45, lpP-dm-v: 10 XpSnb kq-fpw "\n A\p-{K-ln--s-SpIXsthWw F---Xn\pthn' F
Bi-b-n-emWv Ah-km-\n-p--Xv. _Jd: 5,24,254, Ben-Cw-dm: 3032 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
133. \n-fpsS \mY-\n \np ]m]-tam-N-\-n-tepw BImi`qanItfmfw
({]]--tmfw) hnim-e-amb kzKn-tepw \n IpXnv apt-dpIbpw sNpI. AXv Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-b-n kqnp Pohn-p
ap-Jo-pthn Hcp-n-sh-n-cn-pI-bm-Wv.
kzKhpw \c-I-hp-samw t\cs ko-I-cn-n-p-spw Im^n-dp-Iv \c-Ihpw
344
JpB\ns Bmhv
ap-Jo-v kzKhpw Ah-c-hXs t\Sp--Xm-sWpw \njv]--\mb Amlp

]Tn-n-p-p. A^Pv 2324, Cu temIpshv Jp-B\ns Bibw D]-tbm-K-sSp-nbntm, Rm Fs Bbpv shdpsX If-tm Fv \cIw ASp-n-p
Zn\-n a\p-jy hne]n-p Imcyw ap-dn-bnv \In-bn-p-v. ap-Jo-v hnZqc-a-msX kzKw ASpn-p-sapw ]d-n-p-v (Jm^v: 31-35 t\mp-I). kzKw {]]-tmfw hnim-e-am-sW-n \cIw hfsc CSp-n-b-Xm-Wv. Jm^v 30 Amlp ]dbp-p: At Znhkw \c-I-n-t\mSv \n\v aXn-bmtbm Fv tNmZnptm \cIw
(Dsm-m Ign-bm--hw) "C\n-bp-aptm' Fv tNmZn-p--Xm-Wv. Fm Hmtcm
Bbn-c-nepw sXmm-bn-cn sXmq-n-sbm-Xv a\p-jycpw Ah-cpsS PnpIqp-Imcpw
\c-I-n-te-pw, Hv kzKn-te-p-amsWv Ankm-Av: 118s hni-ZoI-c-W-n
\_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. Pnp-Isfsmpw a\p-jys\smpw apgp-h \cIw
Ipn\nd-p-IXs sNp-sav AAvdm^v: 18, lnPv: 43, lqZv: 119, kPZ: 13, kzmZv: 85
Fo -kq--fnsemw ]d-n-p-v. lZo-Zv: 21, \n \n-fpsS \mY-\n\np
]m]-tam-N-\-n-te-pw, BIm-i-`q-an-I-tfmfw hnim-e-amb kzK-n-tepw apI-S-p-I.
AXv Am-lp-hnepw Ahs {]hm-N-Iam-cnepw hniz-kn--hp-thn Hcp-n-sh-n-cnp-p, AXv Am-lp-hns HuZm-cy-am-Wv, AX-h Dt-in-p--hp \Ipw, Amlp
al-mb HuZm-cy-ap-S-b-h-\-tm Fp-]-d-n-p-v. "Dt-in-phv sImSp-p-sav'
]-d-m, Ah-t\mSv tNmZn-p--hv sImSp-p-sa-m-Wv (_-Jd: 186 t\mp-I). apX^v^n-ô: 2227, \n-b-w ]pWym-m- A\p-{K-l-fn Xs-bm-Wv, Ah kzKn Nmcp-a---fn ]c-kv]cw t\mn-bn-cn-p--h-cm-Wv, A\p-{K-l--fm Ah-cpsS
apJ- {]k--am-Ip-Xv \n\v ImWmw. Ah ap{Z-sh--s ip-amb aZyn\npw tX\n\npw IpSn-n-s-Sp--Xm-Wv, AXns tasmSn IkvXq-cn-bm-bncn-pw, Atm a-cn-p--h a-cn-t--Xv kzK-nse A\p-`q-Xn-Iv -th-nbmWv Fp]d-bp-pv (apl--Zv: 15 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
134. Zpcn-Xmh-Ifnepw cl-ky-ambpw [\w sNeh-gn-p--hcpw, tZjyw kzbw
ISnp]nSn-v -\nb-{np-hcpw, P\--sfsmv hnSpXn sNp--hcpam
Wh. AmlphmIs, Ahs\ Ip-sIm-v Ncn-p Ccw kpIrXhmamsc CjvS-s-Sp-phtm.
135. Ah Hcp \oN-IrXyw sNm CS-h-cnItbm, A-n kz-tmSpXs
A{Iaw {]hn-pItbm sNbvXm DSs\ Am-lp-hns\ lrZbwsImv
kvacn-p-Ibpw Ah-cpsS Ip-v Ah-t\mSv s]mdp--ens\ tXSp-Ibpw
sNpw. AmlphmsX am-cmWv ]m]- s]mdppsImSp-p-h?
Ah AdnpsImv Ah-cpsS sXmb {]hrn-bn Ddp\np-I
bpan-.
Ah-c-hv ]W-n\pw `-W-n\pw Bh-iy-ap--tmXs ap--h-cpsS
Acw Bh-iy-v apK-W\ sImSp-p--h-cm-W-h (Ben-Cw-dm: 92 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I). heXpssI sImSp-p-Xv CSXpssI Adn-bmsX cl-ky-am-bn-, Amlp
ImWp-p-v, Ahs Xr]vXnam{Xw aXn F an sNe-h-gn-p--h-cp-amWh (_Jd:
262264,274 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I) tZjyw ISn--ap--h Fp]d-m, Am-lp-
Ben-Cw-dm (3)
345
hns tIm]-n tIm]n-p--h-cpw, Am-lp-hns Xr]vXn-bn Xr]vXn-s-Sp--h-cp-amWhscpw, Amlp i]n- , tIm]n I]- S - h n- i zm- k n- I tfmSpw, A{I- a n- I - t fmSpw
tIm]w]pep-Ibpw, Adn-hn-m P\--tfmSv hnphogvN sNp--h-cp-am-W-h Fpam-Wv. Xu_: 80s hni-Zo-Ic
- W
-
- n, Hcp ]ma-c\v Fgp-]Xphw s]mdp-p-sIm-Spmepw
Hcp ]WvUn-X\v Hcphwt]mepw Amlp s]mdppsImSp-p-I-bn Fv \_n (k)
]Tnnn-p-v. Am-lp-hns hN-\- tInnm, Ad-nhn-m (apivcnp-I-fn
s]) Hcm bp-apJpshv A`bw tNmZn-m Ah\v A`bw\In Ah-s\ AhcpsS
kpc-nX m\-tv AI-Sn tkhnpsImpt]mI-W-sav Xu_: 6 Iev]n-npv. AAvdm^v: 176, Jp-B\ns Bibw Inn-bnv kzbw ]n]-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw
ap--hv ]Tn-nv sImSp-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp ]WvUn-X-s\bpw, Jp-B\ns
Bibw ]Tn-m {ian-m km[m-cW apkvenw P\-Xsbbpw, D]-{Z-hn-mepansnepw
amwhcm \mb-tbmSv D]-an-p-Ibpw, Cu hrmw icnpw hnh-cnpsImSp-pI
{]hm-N-Itc, Ah Btem-Nnv {]Xn-ênn-p--Xn\pthn Fp]dbpIbpw sNbvXnp-v. hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS kwL-tm-Sv I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Isf h[n-m An-km-Av: 91, Xu_:
123, Alvkm_v: 61 kq--fn Amlp Iev]n-n-p-v. Xu_: 73, Alvcow: 9 Fo
cv kq--fn \_nsb hnfnv: Ip^v^m-dp-I-tfm-Spw, ap\m-^n-Jp-I-tfmSpw A[n-I-cn
PnlmZv sN-W-sapw, Ah-tcmSv I-i-ambn s]cp-am-d-W-sapw, Ah-cpsS aSw \cI-n-te-p-am-Wv Fpw-]-d-n-pv (A^-Xvlv: 29, ^pJm: 52 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
Adn-hn-msX sXv sNp--hpw, sXm-sWv a\-n-em-bm DSs\ ]m-]n-p-hpw am{X-amWv ]m-m-]-ap--sX-pw, A-msX acWw Bk--am-Ip-Xphsc
Xn-I {]hn-p-I-bpw, dqlv sXm-p-gn-bn-se-p-tm "Rm ]m]n-pp'
Fp]dv ]m-]n-p--hpw, Ip^v^m-dmbn (ap-\m-^n-Jmbn) sImv acn-p-hpw Xu_ (]m-m-]w) bnsv An-km-Av: 17-18 ]d-n-p-v (kpa: 55-60
Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
ap-lvkn-\o Fp]d-m Am-lp-hns Xr]vXn-bn kzbw t{]cn-X-\mbn
kpIrXw sNp--Xn\pthn HmSn-\-S-p--h- FmWv. Alv: 90-, \nbw
Amlp \oXn-bpw, Clvkm\pw (a-p--h-cpsS t{]c-W-Iq-SmsX Am-lp-hns am{Xw
Xr]vXn tamlnpsImv kpIrXyfn apgpIp-I) Iev]n-p-p Fp]d-n-p-v. ^pnev: 33-36 kq--fn, Jp-B kan-p Am-lp-hn-tev hnfn-p-Ibpw
kI- A\p-jvTn-p-Ibpw Rm kkzw Am-lp-hn\v kan--h-\mWv
Fp]d-bp-Ibpw sNp--h-t\-m Ghpw \hmv ]d-bph am-cp-v? \bpw
Xnbpw ka-am-hp-I-bn-. \o Ghpw \XpsImv (Jp-BsImv) Xnsb XS-bp-I,
Atm \nsbpw Bcp-sSbpw CS-bn-emtWm i{Xp-X-bp-Xv Ah Ban{X-ambn
hcp-Xm-Wv. Fm Cu kz`mhw am-ep-pw, alm`mKyhmamp-a-msX e`np-I-bn-, ]nimNn\np HcptXm \ns _m[nm Fmw tIp, Adnbp Am-lp-hn Ahs\smv A`bw tXSp-I. AAvdm^v: 199-202, \o hnSp-XnbpsS amKw kzoI-cn-p-I, \sImv Iev]n-p-I, Ahn-th-In-I-sf (Pm-ln-ep-I-sf) AhK-Wn-p-I. ]nim-Nns Hcp tXm (kv]i-\w) \ns _m[n-m Fmw tIp, Adn-bp Am-lp-hn Ahs\smv A`bw tXSp-I. \nbw ap-Jo-
]nim-Nn\np Hcp kv]i\w Ahsc Gm Ah DSs\ lrZbwsImv Hmanp-I-bm-bn. Atm Ah DmgvNbphcmIpXmWv (]n-im-Nn-sbpw Am-lphn-
346
JpB\ns Bmhv
sbpw hgn Xncn-d

- n-bp-h
- c
- m-Ip-XmWv). Fm ]nim-Nns ktlm-Zc
- amtcm, Ahsc
Ah eyt_m[w \jvS-s-Spn ]nSn-hn-SmsX ZpamKneqsS-Xs \bnv \c-In-tev sImpt]mIp--Xpam-Wv (kpKvdp^v: 36-38, Jm^v: 27 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
thrn-I-fmb hy`n-Nm-cw, kzhKkw-t`mKw, Ifhv XpS-nbh Hcphnizm-knbn\nv Dmhp-I-bn-sv \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. inne-I-sv apivcnmbtijw
am{Xta Hcm hIp--fn Gs-Sp-I-bpq. AYhm Amlp ImWppv, Adn-bppv F t_m[-an-msX Amlphns\ ad Ah--bn-emIp-tm-gmWv Ah
apivcnm-bn-o-cp--Xv. Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n\nv Am-lp-hn-ep hnizmkw cq]sSm- XpsImmWnXv . Jp- B \ns Bibw hmbnv , Ip- Xncn- - d nv
lrZbwsImv Am-lp-hn-t\mSv Gp]d-bp-Ibpw, injvSap PohnXw Jp-B\ns hn[n
hne-p-I A\p-k-cnv Nn-s-Sp-p-Ibpw sNbvXm hnNm-c-Wptijw kzKntev t]mIp heXp]-n Ds-Smhp-XmWv. ^mnl: 2, _Jd: 99, Ben-Cwdm: 15-17 t\mp-I.
136. Aq-v {]Xn-^-e-ambn X-fpsS DS-a-bmb \mY-\n\np ]m]-tamN-\hpw, Xmgv`mK--fn-eqsS \Zn-I HgpInsmn-cn-p kzKqtmp-If
- p-ap-v. AhcXn imiz-Xc
- p-am-bn-cn-pw. {]hn-p-h
- v Inp
{]Xn-êw F{Xam{Xw A\p-{KloX-am-bn-cn-p-p!
kzKw Cl-tem-Iv {]hnv hmt--Xm-sWv Cu kqhpw ]Tn-n-pp. AI-_qv: 58, kpa: 74 kq-fpw Ahkm-\n-p--Xv, "Atm {]hn-p-hv e`n-p {]Xn-êw F{X A-\p-{K-l-k-qw' F Bi-b-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bmWv.
kPZ: 1719, Atm hniz-kn-p-I-bpw kI- sNp-Ibpw sNp--hv
A`b-tI-{-ambnsmv kzKq-tm-p-I-fp-v--AXv Ah Cl-tem-Iv {]hn-psIm-n-cp--Xn\v hncp-m-bn-smmWv Fp-]-d-n-p-v. AAvdm^v: 43, kzK-hmkn-I-tfmSv hnfnp ]d-b-s-Sp--Xm-Wv: \n sFln-I-tem-Iv {]hn--Xn\v {]Xn^-e-ambnsmv B kzKw A\-cmh-Im-i-ambn FSp-p-sIm-p-ho Fv. kpKvdp^v:
6871, \psS kq-fn hniz-knpI-bpw, kkzw \apv kanv Pohn-pIbpw
sNbvXn-cp Hm Fs ASn-aItf, Ct-Zn\w \n-fpsS-ta `b-s-Smt\m \nv
ZpxJn-mt\m CS-h-cn-I-bn-. \nfpw \n-fpsS CW-Ifpw B kzK-n {]th-inv
Bm-Zn-p--knpsImp-I. Ahmbn B kzK-n kz-m-ep Xme-fpw
tImIfpw Npn--d-n-sm-n-cn-pw. AXn Hmtcm Bmhpw B{K-ln-p IIpfna-bp Fm kpJ-ku-I-cy-fpw Hcp-n-sh-n-papmbn-cn-pw, \nfXn \nXyhm-kn-I-fp-am-bn-cn-pw. 72-, B kzKw \n Cl-n {]hnp-sIm-n-cp-Xn\v ]I-c-ambn A\--cm-h-Im-i-ambn e`n-p--XmWv Fp]d-n-p-v. AlvJm^v: 1314, \n-b-ambpw R-fpsS DSa Am-lp-hm-sWv {]Jym-]n-p-I-bpw, ]ns B
{]Jym-]-\-n Dd-p-\np-Ibpw sNp--h-cp--tm, Atm Ah-cp-sS-ta `b-sSm-t\m, Ahv ZpxJn-m-t\m CS-h-cn-I-bn-. Aq- kzK-hm-kn-Ifpw AXn \nXyhm-kn-I-fp-am-bn-cn-pwAXv Ah ChnsS {]hn-p-sIm-n-cp--Xn\v {]Xn-^-e-am-bnmWv e`n-pI Fp-]-d-n-p-v. AhmJnA: 12-23 hsc-bp kq-fn kzKn km_n-Jo-p A\p{Kl- F-Sp-p--cn--Xn-\p-tijw 24- AXv Ah
Ben-Cw-dm (3)
347
Cl-tem-Iv {]hnp-sIm-n-cp-X
- n-\p {]Xn-ê
- a
- mWv Fp-]d
-
n-p-v (Ilv^v:
107 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 25,38,218,238 t\mp-I.
137. \nbw \npapv Gsd (Xe-ap-d-IfpsS) NcyI Ignpt]mbn-p
v. Atm \n `qan-bn k-cnv kXys If-hm-nbh-cpsS
]cy-h-km\w (]-cn-Wn-Xn) Fs\bmbn-cp-sv t\mnmWp-I.
\in- n- - s - S m- \ - S p Hcp P\- X - b n- t e- mWv Amlp {KhpwsImv
{]hmNIamsc \ntbm-Kn-p--Xv. {Kspdnv Adn-hp Ah-cnse I]ShnizmknI {]hm-N-Is\ FXnp-p. km[p--fpw Zp_-e-cp-amb P\--fmWv IqSp-Xepw hnizmkn-I-fm-hp-Xv. kaql-nse {]am-Wn-amcpw apJyamcpw adp-tN-cn-bn\nv hnizm-kn-IfpsS kwLs FXnp-IbmWv sNp-I. Ah-km\w {]hm-N-I-s\bpw hnizm-kn-Isfbpw Amlp c-s-Sp-p-Ibpw, \ntj-[n-Isf apgp-h\pw Ah-cpsS {]hn-IfmXs \in-n-pIbpw sNpp. ]ns Amlp c-s-Sp-nb hnizm-kn-IfpsS
]np-d-m Ime-{I-taW hgn-tI-Sn-em-hp-I-bpw, `nn-p-Ibpw {]hm-N-Is\ If-hm-p-Ibpw
sNpL-sap-tm, Amlp ]pXnb {]hm-N-Is\ \ntbm-Kn-p-p. ap {]hmNIs A\p-bm-bn-I-sfv Zpc-`n-am-\n-p \ntj-[n-IfmWv ]pXnb {]hm-N-Is\ FXnp-Xn ap\nc-bn \np-I.
\qlv \_n-bpsS I-en c-s hnizm-kn-I, Ime-{I-taW hgn-]n-gv _nw_mcm-[\ XpS-n- \inns-tS L-nsenb-tmgmWv Amlp C_vdmlow \_nsb
\ntbm-Kn-p-Xv. GI Cem-ln-tev hnfn C_vdmlow \_nsb At-l
- ns ]nXmhpw
P\-Xbpw Xo IpWvTapmn IcnpsImm (An-bm-Av: 67-69 t\m-pI) \n-bn-p
p. AhnsS\nv c-s C_vdmlow \_n aI Ckvam-Cu-en-s\bpw ]Xv\n lmP-dsbbpw Btcm-cp-an-m-, shwt]mep-an-m a-bn sImpt]mbn Xma-knnpp.
GI Cem-ln-\p C_m-Z-n\pthn C_vdmlow \_nbpw aI Ckvam-Cu \_nbpw
tNv ]pXpnWnX IAv-_-bn, Ime-{I-taW hgn]ng CkvamCu k-Xn-I
X-fpsS ]nXm-a-lam-cmb C_vdm-lo-antXpw Ckvam-Cu-en-t-Xp-a-Sw apq-n-b-dp]tXmfw _nw_- \mp-I-bp-m-bn. apl-Zv \_n hv GI-C-em-ln-tev hnfn-tm C_vdm-lo-an-sbpw Ckvam-Cu-en-sbpw amK-n-em-sWv Duw-sIm-n-cp P\X-bmWv At-ls FXn-Xv. CkvlmJv ]c--c-bn bAvJq_v \_n-bpsS ]p{Xamcmb Ckvdm-bo k-Xn-I-fn-emWv k_q-dpw, Xudm-pw, Co-ep-samw hXv, Dep
AkvapI-fmb aqkm, Cukm {]hm-NI
- amcpw Ah-cn-emWv hnp-Xv. Fm PqXam
Cukm \_nsb h[n-m DZy-an-p-Ibpw, ss{Ikv-X-h Cukm \_nsb ssZh-]p-{X\mbn Ah-X-cn-nv hgn]ng-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. ]Xn-aqv sImw a-bn {]t_m-[\w
sNbvX apl-Zv \_nsb Ah-km\w amapivcnp-I h[n-mXs \n-bn--tm
Atlw aZo-\-bn-tev lnPvd t]mbn. Ahn-sS-bp-m-bn-cp thZ-m-cmb PqXcpw
ss{IkvX-h-cp-w Ah-cpsS thZ-n ]cm-ain-n-p \_nsb Adn-p-sImv FXnpIbpw, amapivcnp-Isf bp-n\pthn t{]cn-n-p-IbpamWv sNbvXXv. C\n Hcp
{]hm-N-I hcm-\n Fn-cn-s, Jp-B-\ns Bi-bn\nv AI-ep-I-hgn apIgn Fm P\-X-bnepap-m-bn-cp XnI apkven--fn kt-fn-p--Xpw, -apkvenfpsS A[:]X\w temIm-h-km-\-n-tepw hn[n-Zn-h-k-n-tepw \bn-p--Xpam-Wv.
348
JpB\ns Bmhv
sISmt]mIp Ckvem-ans\ samw temIv sXfn-bnv ImWnp--Xn\pthn

Cukm \_nsb Amlp sImp-h-cp--Xpw, Av ss{IkvX-hcpw sslhcpsamw
bYm Ckvem-ans\ AwKo-Ic
- n-p-X
- p-am-Wv. apkven-fnse I]Shnizm-kn-I Cukm
\_npapv hcp- akzo-lp--m-ens\ \_n-bmbpw dv Xs-bmbpw AwKo-I-cn-v
\jvSsSp-Xp-am-Wv. Cukm \_n htijw hnizm-kn-I-fp-sS- kwLw ap\m-^n-Jp-Isf
h[nv An-km-Av 91, Xu_ 123, Alvkm_v 61 kq-fpsS Iev]\ \S-n-em-p--Xpam-Wv.
]-cy-h-km-\w Fp]d-m, Am-lp-hns hn[nhne-p-Iv hncpw {]hnm-ep A\--c-êw Fm-Wv. Awkv: 15 AXns ]cn-WnXn (kzmenlv \_nsb
If-hmn Amlp ZrjvSm--ambn \Inb H-Is sImpIf--Xns ]cn-Wn-Xn)
Ah `b-s-n Fp]d-bp-p. Ghpw henb ZrjvSm--amb Jp-B\ns\ Cs
apkven kzbw D]-tbm-Kn-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw, AXns\ aqSn-shv ap--hv D]-tbmK-s-Sp-m \Im-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw hgn temIw \in-n--Xn-\p ]m]-`mcw Ah Hmtcmcp-cpw Ah-cpsS Jp-B\n-t\m-Sp FXnn-sbpw AI-bp-sSbpw tXmX-\p-kcnv
hln-tnhcpw (ABw: 26, ^pJm: 30 t\mp-I). k_-Av: 18-20 kq-fpsS
"auC-f-p lk\pw' t\mp-I. \n As-n Ah k-cnpt\mn-bn-nt, kXys Xn-d
-
h
- c
- p-sS, {`mam-cpsS, Ip-hm-fn-If
- p-sS, \mi-Im-cn-If
- p-sS, [nmcn-I-fpsS ]cy-h-km\w F-s\-bm-bn-cp-p Fv t\mn-Im-Wp-Ibpw sNbvXn-nt F
Bi-b-n-ep-hbm-Wv A-Bw: 11, bqkp-^v: 109, \lv: 36, \wev: 69, Adqw: 9, ^mXzn:
44, apAvan: 21,82, apl--Zv: 10 XpS-nb kq--sfmw. _Jd: 24,39,159-161,213,253 hniZo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
138. CXv (Jp-B) samw a\p-jyp {]Jy-m]-\-hpw, ap-Jo-v
kamKhpw k-Zp-]-tZ-ihp (auC-f-p) am-Ip-p.
Aq: 34- Amlp ]d-bpp: \n-bw \nv \mw, \n-fpsS app--h
cpsS D]-a D-Zm-l-c-W-fpw, ap-Jo-v kZp-]-tZ-i-hp-amb \psS hyamb
kq Cd-n--gn-p. _Jd: 185 {]Imcw Jp-B samw a\p-jyp lpZbm-Wv (k-amKam-Wv). Fm AXns\ ]n]-p ap-Jo- (_Jd: 2) am{Xta
AXv lpZm-bmbn (kamK-am-bn) D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p-I-bp-q. auC-fv Fp]d-m,
Bibw kv]amb (aplv-a-mb) JpB kq--fpsS kam-\-amb Iev]-\-I-fpw,
hntcm-[--fp-am-Wv. ^pJm: 33 ]d "lJv' sImp-t-in-p-Xv Alv 125
]d lnIva-msW-n AtX kq-n ]d "Ghpw \ hni-Zo-IcWw'
sImp-t-in-p-Xv \lv: 125- ]d auCf-p lk-\-m-Wv. bq\pkv: 57,
a\pjytc \n-fpsS dn\np auC-fv \nv hv Inngnp Fp]d-nSv auC-fn\v kZp-]-tZ-iw, ap-dn-bnv, XmoXv Fsmw Bibw hcp-p-v.
a\p-jyv samap kZp-]-tZ-i-amWv Jp-Bs\nepw ap-Jo- am{Xta AXv
kZp-]-tZ-i-ambn ]n]-p-I-bp-q. _Jd: 38,66,186 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
GXm\pw kq--fpsS auC-f-p lk-\v Xmsg-sm-Sp-pp:
(1) _Jd: 113-mw kqw BZy-`mKns lnIvav C-s\-bmWv: blq-Zn-I ]d-
Ben-Cw-dm (3)
349
bpp: ""ss{IkvX-h Hp-a'' (A-h-cpsS ] kXy-sam-p-an-) Fm ss{IkvXh ]d-bpp: ""blq-Zn-I Hpa'' (A-h-cpsS ] kXy-sam-p-an-). Ah cp-Iqcpw Htc {K-amWv Xnem-hv sNp--Xv. CXns "auC-f-p l-k-\v' C-s\bmWv: apkvennS-bnse Hmtcm kwL-S\bpw CXc kwL-S-\-I-sf-p-dnv "Ah
t]mmWv' Fp-]-d-bp-p. "Htc {K-amb Jp-B-\mWv Ah Xnem-hv sNpXv'
{K-ns D-S--a-dn-bp Pam-ApImpw apPm-lp-Zp-Ip-amWv CXv IqSp-X
_m[-I-am-hpI. Ben-Cw-dm: 10- \_n (k) ap-dn-bnv \Inb \c-I-ns hnd-IpI-fmb Im^n-dp-Ifpw Ah Xs-bm-Wv. kwL-S-\-I-sfmw apivcnp-I-fm-sWpw AXn
s]p-t]m-I-cp-sXpw Adqw: 31-32-eqsS Amlp hnizm-kn-Isf ]Tn-nnp-v (_Jd:
176, ABw: 159, apAvan\q: 51-53 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
(2) PqX--ss{I-kvX-h Ah-cpsS ]WvUn-X-]p-tcm-ln-X-m-scbpw, adn-b-ans ]p{X
ako-ln-s\bpw Am-lp-hn-s\-q-SmsX dp-I-fmbn sXsc-s-Sp-p, Fm GI Cemlmb Ah-\-msX thsd Cemlv C-X-s. Ah P]n-p ]m-fn--n\nsmw Ah AXo-X\pw ]cn-ip-\
- p-am-Wv. Ah-\p-th-n- am{XamsX Ah- Pohnm
Iev]n--s-n-n- F Xu_: 31s auC-f-p lk-\v C-s\-bmWv: Cv Cu
kq--sfmw hmbn-p- apkven, AhcpsS kwL-S\m t\Xm--sf-bpw, ]WvUnX-]p-tcm-ln-Xam-sc-bp-amWv A-ambn A\p-Ic
- n-p-X
- v. "\nfpw \n-fpsS t\Xmfpw
Xn GsX-nepw hnj-b-n `nn-m Am-lp-hn-tepw dkq-en-tepw (Jp-B\n-tepw, Jp-B-\ns hni-Zo-I-c-W-amb kp-n-te-pw) aS-pI' F An-kmAv:
59-s Iev]\sbmpw Ah sNhn-sm-p-n-. \nbw ]WvUn-X]p-tcm-ln-Xam
A[n-Ihpw P\--fpsS [\w Ahn-ln-X-ambn Xnp-I-Xs sNpw, Ahsc Jp-B-\ns
amK-n\nv XS-bp-Ibpw sNpw Fv Xu_: 34- Amlp hnizm-kn-Isf hnfnv
]d-n-p-v. Fm CXv sNhn-sm-msX, PqX--ss{I-kvX-h-tc-m A-ambn
Cv apkvenw km[m-c-W-m Ah-cpsS aX--cm-{ob t\Xm-sf ]np-S-cp-Xv ImWmw.
_Jd: 166-167 t\mp-I.
(3) \mw Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-Iv tcJ-s-Sp-n-shp, "\nbw Hcp-h Hcp
Bm-hns\ {]Xn-{In-b-bm-bn--msX As-n `qan-bn \mi-ap-m-n-b-Xn-\-msX
h[n-p-I-f-m Ah a\p-jysc samw h[n--Xp-t]m-se-bm-Wv. Hcp-h Hcp Bmhns\ Pohn-n-m a\p-jy-k-ap-Zm-bs samw Pohn-n--Xp-t]m-se-bpam-Wv. \nbw
Ahv hy-amb hgnbpw (sX-fn-hpw) sImv \psS ZqXam hn-p-m-bn-cp-p.
AXn-\p-tijhpw Ah-cn A[n-I-t]cpw `qan-bn \miwhnX-p--h- Xs-bm-Ipp
F am-CZ: 32-s auC-f
- p lk-\v Cs\-bmWv: BZw k-Xn-bmb lm_oens\
h[n- Jm_oen\v `qan-bn \S-p Fm sIme]m-X-I-fp-sSbpw in-bpsS Hcp`mKw
e`n-p-sav \_n (k) ]Tnn-np-v. Fm Cv ap P\-hn-`m-K--tf-m sIme,
sIm, Ih, I--S-v, ]qgvn-sh-v, Afhv Xq--fn Ir{Xnaw ImWn-, abp-a-cpv I-h-Sw, hKo-bX, kmapZm-bn-IX, tZio-b-X, kzmX, kzP-\-]--]mXw
XpSn `qansb \in-n-p-Xpw, P\f- sImp--Xp-amb Fm ss]im-Nn-I- hr-n-Ifnepw temI-s-hn-sSbpw ap]nbn \np-Xv Jp-B IgpX-I-sf-tmse hlnp apkvenfmWv. PqXsc {Kw hln-p Igp-X-I-tfm-SmWv PpapA: 5 Amlp
D]-an--Xv. Cv samw P\-v {Kw Jp-B am{X-am-b-Xp-sImv Ah-cpsS
350
JpB\ns Bmhv
m\v {Kwhln-p apkvenfmWv Cu D]-a-l. Ccw A{I-an-I-fmb

Hcp P\-Xsb Amlp kmK-n-tev \bn-p-I-bn-sv ]d-p-sIm-mWv kqw
Ah-km-\n-p--Xv. AAvdm^v: 176-, Jp-B Xn--d P\-Xsb D]-{Z-hn-mepw
Csnepw amw-h-cm ]n-tbmSmWv Amlp D]-an-ncn-p-Xv. Cu P\-X-p
in amCZ: 33--epw, _Jd: 85-epw hnh-cn-n-p-v. Cu P\-X-s-Xn-cm-bnv Xs-bmWv
apl-Zv \_n (k) \msf Jp-B sImp-hv A\ymbw t_m[n-n-pI (^pJm: 2730 t\mp-I). Jp-B-\ns Bibw Adn-npw AXv ]n]msX aqSn-sh-p ap\m^n-Jp-Ifpw, Bibw ]Tn-m ImgvN, tIhn, _pn-in Fnh D]-tbm-Ks
- -Sp-m,
IpIm-en-I-sf-tmseA-, Ah-sb-m hgn-]n-g Kzm^n-eo-fmb ^mPn-dp-Ifpw Cu
kqns ASn-m-\-n \-s--h Xs-bm-Wv.
(4) Hm hnizm-kn-I-tf, \nbw Iv, NqXm-w, _nw_--fm-Ip {]Xn-jvT-I, Av
sImp \dp-s-Spv apX-em-b-hsbmw ]nim-Nns {]hr-n-I-fns] amen-\y--fmIp-p. Atm \n AsXmw hnp-I, Fm \nv hnPbw hcn-mw
F amCZ: 90-s auC-f-p lk-\v C-s\-bmWv: In-s\-p-dnv ]d-snepw AXn-t\-m amc-I-amb Im-hv, ap e-l-cn-h-kvXp- ({_u jpK, ljojv
apX-e-bm-h) Fn-h-sb-p-dnv Jp-B Hpw-Xs ]d-n-n-. Ch-sbmw AtX
kq-ns auC-f-p lk-\v A\p-k-cnmWv \njn--amIpXv. NqXm--ns
auC-f-n P\-sf NqjWw sNp---]-eni, iop-I-fn, tem-dn, B\-a-bn-sem--Iw,
I--S-v, Ipg-Ww XpSn-b-h-sbmw hcpw. {]Xn-jvT-I-fn _en-bn-pXns
auC-fn, _Zvco aplvbpo ssiJv Hmam-\q ipl-Zm XpS-nbhcpsS t]
en t\ \S-, [m\y- ]b-dp-hK Imbv-\n-I Fnh hgn-]mSmbn
t\-bm XpS-nbh-sbmw Ds]Sp--Xm-Wv. ABw: 145-, Am-lp-hn-\-msX
ap-hv \on-sh t\-h-kvXp-sf ]n-amw-k-ns Iq-n-emWv Ds]-Spn-bn-p-Xv (_-Jd: 173 t\mp-I).
(5) \n-bw \psS kq-sf Xn-d
-
p If-hm-p-Ibpw, AXp-sIms Fmw
]TnpXnI--h-\msWv Al \Sn-p-Ibpw sNp--h-cmtcm, Ahpthn BImifpsS hmXn-ep-I Xpd--s-Sp-I-bn-, Ah kzK-n {]th-in-n--s-Sp-I-bp-anXpm-cs kqNn-bpsS Zzmc-n-eqsS HIw {]th-in-p-Xphsc. A{]-Im-camWv \mw {`mamv {]Xn-êw sImSp-p-I F AAvdm^v: 40-s auC-f-p lk-\v C-s\-bmWv: \nbw \psS kq Xnem-hv sNp-Ibpw, AXns\
kXy-s-Sp-p-Ibpw sNp--h-cp--tm, Ahp-thn BIm-i-ns hm-Xn-epI
Xpd-pshpIbpw, hnNm-c-W-Iq-SmsX Ah kzK-n {]th-in-p-Ibpw sNp--Xm
Wv. A{]-Im-c-amWv \mw Am-lp-hns\ Ip-sImv Ncn-p--hv {]Xn-êw sImSpp-I.
(6) k_-Av hmkn-If
- psSbpw A\p-{K-loX\mSmb ê-kvXo-\n-s-bp-an-Sb
- n cm]I
t`Z-at\y kpc-n-Xa
- mbn bm{X sNm DX-Ip-amdp sNdnb sNdnb \mSp-I Dmnbnpmbncp-p. Fm Ah {]mnp: R-fpsS \mYm, R-fpsS bm{Xv \o
hgn-Zqcw hn-n-t-W-ta. Ah kz-tmSv A{Iaw {]hn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
Atm \mw Ahsc On-`n--amn Ncn-{X-ns `mK-amn amn Fv k_-Av: 18-
Ben-Cw-dm (3)
351
19 ]dnpv. ChnsS bm{Xm-Zqcw hn-ntWtasbv {]mnp Fp-]-d

-Xns hnh, hgn\osf Ah sImbpw Ihbpw Bcw-`npIbpw AXv hym]nv
bm{Xm-amKw kpc-n-X-a-m-Xm-bn-o-cp-Ibpw, cm{Xn-bn k-cn-m ]mXmhp-I-bpw,
AXp-hgn Ah-cpsS bm{Xm ssZLyw hn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp Fm-Wv. CXns auCf-p lk-\v C-s\-bmWv: a\p-jy-cpsS sFIyhpw c-sm-cn-n-ep-an-m-Xmn
`qansb AXns kpenXm-h-bn \ne-\nm-\p GI D]m-[n-bmb Jp-B-,
BibanmsX hln-p apkven AXv kzbw D]-tbm-Kn-m-sX-bpw ap--hv
\Im-sXbpancnpIhgnR-fpsS \mYm, BImiw s]mn-n-f-cp-, kqcy\pw N{\pw
Hcp-an-p-, kap-{Z- In-sb-cn-bp-, `qan AXns dnmUv kan-p Znhkw
Rv thK-n sImp-h-cnIF {]m\-bn-em-Wv.
(7) lJv IqSmsX `qan-bn Al \Snp \S-p hn`m-K-s Fs kq--sfsmv Rm ]nn-cn-n-p-I-f-bpIXs sNpw. Ah GXv Zrmw (kq--)
Imepw AXn hniz-kn-p-I-bn-. ZpamK-w Im AhcXv sXsc-s-Sp-p--Xpam-Wv. Ah-cpsS kz`mhw C-s\-bmbXv, Ah \psS kq-sf If-hm-n-bXpsImpw, AXnt\mSv A{i--ImWn-XpsImpamWv F AAvdm^v: 146-s auC-fp l-k\
- v C-s\-bmWv: {K-s-p-dnv Adn-hnmsX ]WvUn-X\
- m-sWv [cnv,
hmZnv thj-`q-jm-Zn-I AWnv \S-p--hsc Amlp Jp-B-\n\nv ]nn-cnnv If-bp--Xm-Wv. Cv apkvenw kap-Zm-b-nse ]WvUn-Xam-cpsS nXn-bm-Wn-Xv.
Ah bYm {Kamb JpBJp-B-\ns Bm-hmb An-Iv]Tn-n-n-,
Fm krn-I Fgp-Xn-bp-m-nb InXm-_p-I ]Tn-n-p-ap-v. Jp-BsIm-v
{]uV-cm-I-W-sa-pw,Al--cn-Wsapw amscbpw B{i-bn-msX, kzbw ]cym-]-vXcm-bnocW-sapamWv Jp-B\pw \_n (k)bpw ]Tn-n-n-p-Xv (B-en-Cw-dm: 79
t\mp-I). \_n (k) ]Tn-np: Jp-B-\mWv sFiz-cyw, AXn-\p-tijw Zmcn-{Zy-an,
AXn-msX sFiz-cyhpan-. k-{][m\w Jp-B\v sImSpm--hsc kK-n\nv
]nn-cn-npIf-bp-sav _Jd: 185s hni-Zo-I-c-W-n \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-pv.
Jp-Bs\ Cam-ambn \S-p--hsc B Jp-B AXns DS-a-bn-tev\q-dn-te-v--sImp-t]m-Ipw. Jp-B\ns\ ]nn \S-p--hsc AXv \c-I-n-tev]n-im-Nns Xmhfn-tevXn-hnSp-sapw \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-pv. Ch-cpsS {]hr-n-I apgp-h
]mgm-bn-tmbn, Ah ]c-tem-I-n Fmw \-s--h-cmWv FmWv ASp kqw
(A-Avdm^v: 147) {]Jym]np--Xv. Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-an-s-n {]m-\-I kzoIcn-p-I-bn-spw {]hr-n-I apgp-h ]mgm-bn-tm-Ip-sapw _Jd: 39,121, Ben-Cwdm: 21-22, amCZ: 10,86, AAvdm^v: 35-36, Ilv^v: 103-105, ap\m-^n-Jq: 9, lZoZv: 19, XKm_p: 10, kpa: 63, apl-Zv: 89 Fo kq--fn-semw auC-fv \In-bn-p-v.
Npcp--n Fm apla-mb Bb-p-Ipw auC-f-p-v. Amlp-hns
tIm]whjn P\-X-bpsS m\pw, hgn-]n-g P\-X-bpsS m\-pw, inv sNp-h-cpsS m\-p-samw Jp-B Inn-bnv kzbw D]-tbm-Kn-m-, ap--hv D]tbm-Kn-m sImSp-m-ap-Avan\-m---apkven-fm-Wp--Xv (ABw: 26 t\mp-I).
{]m-\-I kzoI-cn--sSm cv \n_--\-I _Jd: 186--epw, Adn-hn-m-bva-sImv
h GXv Ip-fpw Gp-]-dv ]noSv I \mnom aXn-sbv
kpa: 53-55epw ]d-bp-p. (Ben-Cw-dm: 102, \lv: 90, apAvan: 40 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
352
JpB\ns Bmhv
apAvan\p-I-fpsS kwL-ap-s-n A[n-Imcw \Ip-sav Aq: 55- ]d-n-p-v.

apAvan\o-t- fmSv am{X-amWv \a-kvIm-chpw t\mpw kImpw I]nn-pXv. JpB
aqSn-sh-p Im^n-dp-IfpsS {]m\ hgn-tI-Sn-e-m-sX-b (d-AvZv: 14 t\mp-I).
139. \n a\-an-Sn--htcm Zp:Jnp--htcm B-I-cp-Xv. \n hnizm-kn-Ifm-sW-n \nXsbmWv D-X.
140. Ctm \nv X-ta-np-s-n CXn\papv B P\-Xpw CXpt]mep X-ta-n-p-v. P\-n-\n-S-bn \mw amn-a-dnpsImn-cp t\tIm---fpsS Zn\--fs{X AXv, hnizm-kn-I-fm-scv Am-lp-hn\v Xncn--dn
bm\pw, \n-fn\np ckmn-Isf sXscsSp-m\pw thnbmW-Xv. AmlphmI-s, A{I-an-Isf Hcn-epw CjvS-s-Sp-n.
141. hnizm-kn-Isf Id-I-f-v IS-s-Sp-p--Xn\pw, kXy-\n-tj-[n-Isf
sImpIpn- \innp--Xn\pw thn-bmWnXv kw`-hn-n--Xv.
DlvZv bp-n {]Xy--n apkvenv ]cm-P-b-amWv kw`-hn--Xv. DlvZv
bpw apkven--fnXsbp hnizm-kn-I-sfbpw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-sfbpw Xncndnbm
thn-bmWv \S-n-em-n-b-Xv Fv 166-167 kqfn ]d-bp-p. Atm {]hm-N
I\pw kwLhpw kXyn \ne-sImp-hcpw Am-lp-hns Bfp-I-fp-am-sW-n
FpsImv Cs\ ]cm-Pbw kw`-hnp Fp I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS a\-nen-cnn\v
adp-]Sn ]d-bp-I-bmWv Cu kq-n-eq-sS. Ctm \nv apdn-hpw \hpw kw`-hnn-p-s-n CXn\papv _Zvdn i{XpP\-Xpw AXp-t]m-ep apdnhpw \hpw kw`hn-n-p-tm. Atm bp\mfp-I Amlp \n-bn-n-p-Xv a\p-jy-cn BcmWv
kXy-nsepw, BcmWv Ak-Xy-nsepw Xncn--dn-bm\pw, kXy-hn-izm-kn-Iv Amlp-hns\ IpsImpw kzs Ah\v kanpsImpw kamKkmyw (c-km-yw) h-cn-p-X
- n-\pap Ah-kcambn-sm-pIqSnbm-bn-cp-p (B \mfp-I). Amlp-hns amK-nemsX h[n--s--h A{I-an-I-fpw, Ah Amlphns tIm]n\v hnt[-b-am-b-h-cp-am-Ip-p.
Im^ndpIsf sImpIpn \in-n-pXn\v Fp]dXnse Im^n- apkvenwI-fns] I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I Xs-bm-Wv. Xu_: 125-, lrZ-b--fn kwi-b-am-Ip
tcmK-ap Ccw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Iv Jp-B amen-\y-n-\p-ta amen-\yamWv hnn-p-I-sb-pw, Ah Im^n-dm-bn-smv acn-p--XmWv Fpw-]-d-n-p-v. _Zv
bp-n\ptijw Ah-X-cn A^m: 19-mw kq-n Amlp kXy-\n-tj-[n-Ifmb am apivcnp-I-tfmSv tNmZn-pp: \n ^Xvh tNmZn-s-n, \n-fn BcmWv
kXy-nsepw hnPbwhcn-sXpw Ctm \nv a\-n-em-bn. AXpsImv
C\n \n ]nn-cn-bp-psh-n AXmWv \np-aw, AX \n hopw
{]Xn-I-cn-p-I-bm-sW-n \mapw {]Xn-I-cn-pIXs sNpw, \n-fpsS kwL_ew
F{X hepXmsW-nepw \nXv Hcp-Xc
-
- nepw D]-Im-cs
- -Sp-Ib
-- n-. \nbw, Amlp
hnizm-kn-I-fpsSIqsS Xs-bm-Wv. Fm DlvZv bp-n I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I ImcWw
Amlp am apivcnp-Iv {]Xy--n hnPbw sImSp-p-I-bm-Wp-m-b-Xv. _Zv
bpn\ptijw a-bnep-hv Jp-B kq- e`n-n-n-, Fm aZo-\bn-
Ben-Cw-dm (3)
353
ep JpB kq- XpSv e`n, apkven-fns] I]-S-hn-izm-kn-IfmWv

AXv e-`n-npw \ntj[kz`mhw {]I-Sn-n-Xpw Am-lp-hns inv hnt[-b-am-b-Xpw.
CXn \np ]mTw, Jp-B Inn-bnv aqSn-sh-p--h-scbpw, AXns\ Xn-dv
D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-m--h-sc-bp-amWv \oXn-am-\mb Amlp inn-pI Fm-Wv. Ankm-Av: 123, hnizm-kn-I-fp-sStbm thZ-mcp-sStbm hymtam-l--tfm \nK-a-\--tfm A
(\-S-n-em-hp-I), B HcpXn sNbvXmepw X-Xmb {]Xn-êw e`n-pw. Ah Amlp-hns\qSmsX bmsXmcp klm-bn-sbbpw kwc--I-s\bpw IspI-bpan-. Ankm-Av: 124, kI- {]hn-pXv ]pcp-jt\m kv{Xotbm BcmI-s, Ah
hnizm-knbp-am-sWn Ah kzK-n {]th-in-s
- -Spw. Atm Ah-tcmSv bmsXmcp
A\o-Xnbpw ImWn-p-I-bn- Fp-]-d-n-p-v. _J-d: 39,81-82, Ben-Cw-dm: 10,90-92
hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
142. \nfn BcmWv bYm-n Am-lp-hns amKn XymK]cn{iaw
sNpsX-pw, BcmWv Ahs amK-n am-ep--sfpw Amlp
C\nbpw Adnv Ign-n-n Fn-cns, Ffp-n kzK-n {]thinpIfbmsav \n IWpIqp-p-thm?
Cu kqw A`n-kw-t_m-[\w sNp-Xv apkven-sfbm-Wv (_Jd: 214 hni-Zo-IcWw t\m-p-I). I]-S-hn-izm-knI-sf AZr-iy-m-\n-bmb Am-lp-hn\v Xncn--dn-bmXpsIm, adnv Ah-cpsS lrZ-b--fn-ep Im]Syw {]I-S-amm Ah-k-c-apmpIhgn
{]hm-N-I\pw hnizm-kn-Ipw Ahsc Xncn--dn-bm thn-bmWv Cu kw`-h--sfmw
Dm-p-Xv. Am-lp-hns kwL-sbpw ]nim-Nns kwL-sbpw Xncn--dn-v
Am-lp-hns kwL-tm-sSmw Pohnv kzKn-tepXs Xncnp]mI-emWv
PohnXeyw. AXn-\p D]-I-c-W-amWv ^pJm\pw (_-Jd: 185), Sn-pw (Ckm:
29), _kzm-Cdpw (ABw: 104) Bb samw Jp-B-\ns Bi-bw. _Jd: 155157 hni
Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
143. \n-bw, \n acWn\v sImXn-p--h-cm-bn-cp-phtm, AXv ]t
B acWw Ipap-p--Xn\v apm-bn-cp-p. Ctm-gnXm \n-fXns\ IpIgn-p. \n-f-Xns\ t\mn-sIm--n-cnph-cp-am-Wv.
_Zv bp-n ]s-Sp-m Ign-bm apkven-fnse Nne sNdp--mcpw apw
DlvZv bp-n ]s-Sp-m\pw c-km-nw hln-m\pw henb Bth-i-n-em-bncp-p. Fm DlvZv bp-n i{Xp kwL-ns s]s-p B{I-a-W-n Ah
NnnnXdn Xncn-pt\m-msX ]nncn-tm-Sp-I-bm-Wp-m-b-Xv. \nfXns\ t\mnsIm-n-cn-p--h-cp-amWv Fp]d-Xns hnh-, DlvZv bp-n\ptijw XpSpw
apkvenv bp-sf t\cn-tS--Xpv FXnte-p kqN-\-bm-Wv. Cv hnizmkn-Iv Ccw bp--sfmpw t\cn-Sm-\n, Fm Jp-BsImv AXv aqSn-shp \ntj[n-I-tfmSv A[n-I-cn Pnlm-Zv sNp-I-bmWv th-sXv ^pJm: 52
]d-bp-p. Jp-B\ns Bibw Amlp Dt-in--hn-[-n ]d-bp-tm-gmWv \ntj-[n
IXv ZlnmXncn-p-Ibpw, hnizm-kn-Isf FXnpIbpw sNp-I (ABw: 26,33,
AAvdm^v: 3738, kPZ: 22, ^pn-ev: 26-29 Iqn-hm-bnp-I). _Jd: 94-95, 216 hni-ZoI-
JpB\ns Bmhv
354
cWw t\mp-I.
144. apl- Zv HcpZqX- \ - msX am- c p- a - , \nbw At- l - n\papv ]e
{]hmNIamcpw Ignpt]mbn-p-v. Atm Atlw acn--pI-tbm,
As-n h[n--s-Sp-Itbm sNp-I-bm-sW-n \n app-a-Sn ]nncnpt]mhp-I-bmtWm? BcmtWm X-fpsS app-a-Sn ]nn-cnpt]mIp
Xv Atm Ah Am-lp-hn\v Hcp D]-{Z-hhpw sNp-Ibn-. \n-{]-I-Snn-p--hv Amlp {]Xn-êw \IpIXs sNpw.
DlvZv bpw \SpsImn-cns \_n (k)v shtv Xev apdnhv ]pIbpw ]v
\jvS-s-Sp-Ibpw sNbvX k`-n ]nimNv hnfnp ]d-p: apl-Zv h[n--s-p
Fv. i{Xp-]--p "C_v\pJaoA', "Rm apl--Zns\ sImp'shv apivcnIv
t\Xm-sf Adn-bnpIbpw sNbvXp. CXptIv hnizmkw Ipd apkven-sfmw ]Xdp-Ibpw Nnn-n-Xdn ]nn-cn-tm-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. \_n (k) ac-W-s--tm Da
Jm_v (d) Ducn-n-Sn hmfp-ambn apl-Zv acn-p- Fp]d-bp--hsc Rm Cu
hmfn\ncbmpsav ]dv \_n (k)bpsS ac-Ws \ntj-[n--tm, A_q-_-
knoJv (d) Da-dns\ kam-[m-\n-npsImv ]dbp-Ib
- p-m-bn: BcmtWm apl-Z- n\pthn
Pohn-n-cp-X
- v, Atm apl-Zv \nbw ac-Ws
- pIgn-n-cn-p-p, Fm BcmtWm
Am-lp-hn\pthn Pohn-p-Xv Amlp Fspw Pohn-n-cn-p--h\pw ac-W-an-m-h-\p-am-Ip-p. tijw Cu kqamWv HmXn-tn-Xv (amCZ: 75 t\mp-I). Anbm-Av: 34-35 Amlp ]d-bpp: \n\papv Hcp a\p-jy-s\bpw \mw imiz-X-\m-n-bnn-, Atm \o acn-p-I-bm-sW-n Ah-cmtWm imiz-X-cmbn \ne-sIm-p-Xv? Fm
Hmtcm Bmhpw ac-Ww cpNn-pIXs sNpw. \nbw, \mw \nsf XnsImpw,
\sImpw ]co-n-pIXs sNpw. \n-tev Xs-bmWv \n-sfmw Xncn-psIm-p-h-cs-- SpXpw. kpa: 30 Amlp ]d-bpp: \nbw \o acn-pw, Ahcpw
acn-p--h Xs-bm-Wv, ]ns \n \n-fpsS \mYs ASp-shv Xnp-Xp-am-Ip-p. a\p-jy samw \n {]I-Sn-n-p--h, \nsI-h Fo cv hn`mK-am-Wv (Ckm: 3 t\mp-I). Am-lp-hn\pthn Pohn-p--h-cmWv \n{]I-Sn-np--h-, Am-h ]nim-Nns hgn-bn-ephcpw \nsI-h-cpamWv. Ah-sc-sbmw
]mn-em-p-sav ]nimNv kzmZv: 82-83 Am-lp-hn-t\mSv hmKvZw sNbvXn-p-v.
Amlpth, Rsf \o \ns kvacn-p--hcpw \n {]I-Sn-n-p--h-cp-am-t-Wta,
Rsf \o \nsI \ntj-[n-Ifpw PohnXw \jvS-s--h-cp-am--cp-tX. (_Jd: 152,252
145. A-mlp-hns thpIIqSmsX Hcmpw acn-pI km[y-aXs. acWkabam-Is n]vX-ambn tcJ-s-Spn shn-cn-pp. Bsc-nepw Cltem- I - nse {]Xn- ^ ew B{K- l npsImv {]hn- p- p- s h- n
AXn\nv \mw Ah\v \Ip--Xm-Wv. Bsc-nepw ]c-tem-I-nse {]Xnêw B{K-lnpsImv {]hn-p-p-sh-n \mw AXn\npw \Ip-Xm-Wv. \n {]I-Sn-n-p--hv \mw {]Xn-êw \Ip-IXs- sNpw.
An- k m- A v : 78, \n Fhn- s S- b m- s W- nepw `{Z- a mb tIm- s Im- - f -
Ben-Cw-dm (3)
355
pnem-sW-nepw icn, acWw \nsf ]nSn-Iq-Spw. Ahv \ e`n-m CXp

Am-lp-hn \nm-sW-pw, Xn _m[n-m CXv \nn \nmWv ({]-hm-N-I-\n
\nm-Wv) Fpw Ah ]d-bpw. \o ]d-bp-I {]hm-N-Im: Fmw Am-lp-hn \nm-Ip
p, Fp-]n Chv? Ahv Cu h-am\w icnpw {Kln-m Ign-bp-nt?
79, \n\v Fp \ e`n-p-p-s-nepw Atm AXv Am-lp-hn \nm-Wv.
\n\v Fsmcp Xn _m[n-p-ps-nepw AXv \nn\nv Xs-bm-Wv. \ns
Rm samw P\-Xv dkq-em-bn-mWv Ab-n-p--Xv. AXn\v kmn-bmbn Amlp
Xs Ghpw aXnbm-b-h-\-tm Fpw ]d-bp-pv. bq\p-kv: 100, Hcm-mhn\pw
Am-lp-hns thpI IqSmsX hniz-kn-m Ign-bp-I-bn-sp ]d-n-p-v. _pnbp-]-tbm-Knp Nnn-m Bfp-I-fp-sS-ta Cu Jp-B amen-\y-am-nbn-cn-p-p.
BcmtWm Zp\n-bm-hnse t\-amb K\o-av apX-epw, t]cpw {]i-kvXnbpw B{K-ln--Xv,
AXhv \Ipw. BcmtWm ]ctem-Ihpw c-km-n-hpw B{K-ln-Xv AXhpw
\Ipw. Pohn-X-eyw a\-n-em-nb hnizm-kn-IfpsS Cl-temI PohnXw ]c-tem-It-p Irjnbn-S-am-bncn-pw. AXpsImv Ah GsXmcp {]hrnbpw ]c-tem-In {]Xn-êw B{K-lnpsImv Am-lphns \ma-nem-bn-cnpw {]hn-p-I.
Ah Xs-bmWv \n{]I-Sn-n-p Am-lp-hns {]Xn-\n-[n-I. _Jd: 201-202,234,
BenCwdm: 10 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-pI.
146. F{X-sb{X \_n-am-cpw Ah-tcm-sSmw [mcmfw {]apJam-cmb `-P-\-fpamWv bpw sNbvXn-p--Xv. Atm Ah Am-lp-hns amK-n
t\cn-tSnh hn]-p-Ifn a\nSn-hcmbn-n, Ah Zu_eyw
ImWn-n-p-an, Ak-Xy-ns apn XeIp\n-np-an (]nn-cnn-pan).
Am-lphmI-s, -Ccw am-ep-sf C-sSp--phtm.
147. Ah-cpsS {]m-\I
- C-s\-bm-Im-Xn-cp-n-. R-fpsS \mYm, RfpsS
]m]- \o s]mdppXtcW- t a, R- f psS Imcy- n R-
]cn[nIhnv {]hr-n-Xp \o amm-p-I-bpw, R-fpsS ]mZsf Ddnv \np-Ibpw sNt-W-ta. kXy-\n-tj-[n-I-fmb P\-s-Xn-cn
Rsf \o klm-bn-p-Ibpw sNt-W-ta.
148. Atm Amlp Ahv sFlnIamb {]Xn-êhpw AXn-t\-m Da-amb ]mc-{XnI {]Xn-ê
- hpw \In. Am-lp-hns\ IpsImv Ncnp
Ccw kpIr-X-hmamsc Amlp CjvS-s-Sp-p-h-tm.
_Jd: 195,250,286, Ben-Cw-dm: 79 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I.
149. Hm hnizm-kn-Itf, \n Cu kXy-\n-tj-[n-Isf A\p-k-cn-p-I-bm-sWn Ah \nsf ]pd-tImv ]nn-cn-np sImpt]mIp-Xpw, As\
\n Fmw \jvS-s--h-cmbn ]cm-Pn-X-cm-bn-o-cp--Xp-am-Wv.
150. Fm AmlphmIpp \n-fpsS bP-am-\, Ah klm-bn-If
- nshv
JpB\ns Bmhv
356
Ghpw D-a-\p-a-tm.
hnizm-kn-I Am-lp-hns\bpw, Ahs Xr]vXn-bn am{Xw ap--h-scbpw A\pk-cn-pI-bp-q. \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-pv: {kjvSm-hns\ [n-cnpsmv krjvSn-Ifnempw A\p-k-c-W-an- (amCZ: 21, Xu_: 51 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). amCZ: 29mw kqw
Ah-km-\n-p--Xv, Atm \n Fmw \jvS-s--h-cmbn ]cm-Pn-X-cm-bn-o-cp--XmWv F Bi-b-n-em-Wv. _Jd: 67,286, Ben-Cw-dm:10, 122 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
151. Cu kXy-\n-tj-[n-I-fpsS lrZ-b--fn \mw `bw P\nn-p--Xm-Wv.
Amlp bmsXmcp sXfnhpw Cd-n-bn-n-m-Xncns, Am-lp-hns A[nImcmh-Im-i
- f
- n ]ptNXpsImm-WX
- v. Ah-cpsS Ana ktXw
\c-Ia
- m-Ip-p. A{I-an-I
- v Fn-t-cm-\p ]mnSw Fpam{Xw Zp`Kw!
A^m: 12- ]d amapivcnp-I-sfbmWv ChnsS Im^n Fp]d-n-psXnepw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw Chcn Ds-Sp--Xm-Wv. liv: 13 , Am-lp-hnt\-m hnizm-kn-I-sf-bmWv ap\m-^n-Jp-I-v `bapsXpw ]d-n-p-v (liv:
1617 Iqn- h m- b n- pI). bmsXmcp sXfnhpw Cd- n- b n- n- mXncns Am- l p- h n
]ptNpI Fp]d-XpsImv, ]ptNp-X
- n\v Nne sXfn-hp-I ({]amW)
Dv F-, adnv samw Jp-B- kq- Ah-X-cn-n-n-p-Xv AmlphmsX
Hcp Cemlpan Fv ]Tn-n-m-\m-Wv. C_vdm-low: 22-, ]c-temIv hnNmcWptijw F\nv \n-fn bmsXmcp kzm[o-\hpw Dm-bn-cp-n-, Rms\mv hnfn-p-t\mn, Atm \n F\n-p-cw \In, AXp-sImv \n Fs Ip-s-Sp-tXn, \n \nsfs Ip-s-Sp-p-I. \n apv Am-lp-hns A[n-Im-cmh-Im-i--fn ]p-tNXv Rm\nXm \ntj-[n-p-p. \nbw A{I-an-Iv thZ-\mP-\-Ia-- mb in-bm-Wp--Xv Fv ]nimNv ]d-bp cwKw ap-dn-bnv \In-bn-p v
(Alv: 2,36, An-bm-Av: 25 Iqn-hmbnp-I). _Jd: 254,257 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
152. \nbw, Amlp \n-tfmSpsNbvX hmKvZw kXy-s-Sp-pIXs
sNbvXn-p-vBZy-L--n Ahs thp-I-tbmSpIqSn \nfhsc
Acnp sImpsImn-cp--tmgpw, \n _e-lo-\cmbn Nnn-n-X-dp
Ibpw Imcy-n ]c-kv]cw `nn-p-Ibpw \n Gsd B{K-ln-n-cpXns\ (ka-cmnX [\w) Rm \nv ImWnpX-Xn-t\m-S-\p_-nv \n {]hm-N-Is\ [n-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-Xphsc. \n-fn
Nne sFlnIt\w Dt-in-p--hcpw, ap-Nn-e ]c-temIt\w Dt-in-p-h-cp-am-bXv sIms{X AXv. ]ns i{Xp-fn\npw \nfpsS {i
]nn-cn-npIfp. \nsf ]co-n-p--Xn\p thnbmbn-cpp AXv.
\nv AXpw hnSpXnsNbvXv Xn-p-v. Fs-m Amlp kXy-hnizm-kn-IfpsSta henb HuZm-cy-ap-S-b-h-\mIp-p.
DlvZv bp-ns BZy-Ln apkvenm-bn-cpp hnP-bw. i{Xp- ]nncnpt]mb k`-n Ah hntv t]mb bp-ap-X-ep-I (Kz\o-av apX-ep-I)
hmcn-q-p--Xn apkven-fn Hcphn`mKw apgpIn. A_vZpmln_v\p Ppss_ (d)s
t\Xr-Xz-n As-bvv -hn-Z-KvZam-cmb A-tXmfw t]sc ae-ap-I-fn \_n (k)
Ben-Cw-dm (3)
357
\nnbncp-p. Ah-tcmSv R-fpsS Xe-I, ]n-I sImn-smpt]mIp-Xv

\n Imt]mepw B m\-p-\nv Cd-n-h-c-cp-sXpw ]d-n-cp-p. Fm
bp-ap-X-ep-I e`n-n-s-ntem Fv IcpXn sFlnIt\w sImXnv Ah-cn 5 t]scmgnsI _mn apgp-h Bfp-Ifpw bp-ap-X-ep-I hmcn-q-p--Xn\pthn ssaXm\tv
Cdnhp. B k`-n-emWv i{Xp ssk\yw Ah-ti-jn As-bvp-Imsc h[nv
bp-ssa-Xm\w hebw sNbvX-Xv. Atm apkven Nnn-n-Xdn ]nn-cn-tm-SpIbpw, Ahn-S-bn `nX cq-am-hp-Ibpapm-bn. {]hm-N-I h[n--sp F
Inwh-Zn ]c-p. As\ Ah-cpsS in bn-p-Ibpw i{Xp--fpsS apn Ahsc
Amlp NndsImSn--h-cmbn XmgvnsIpIbpw sNbvXp. CsXmw kw`-hn-Xv apkven
-fn-ep I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I Imc-W-am-bn-cp-p. Ben-Cw-dm: 7374 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mpI.
153. \n Bscbpw Xncnpt\mmsX IpXntmSn-sm-n-cp k`w.
Atm {]hm-NI
- ]nn\nv \nsf hnfn-p-p-mbn-cp-p. As\
Amlp \nv \jvS-s--Xnepw, \nsf _m[n--Xnepw Zp:Jnm-Xn-cn
mthn \n-fpsSta hn]-n\pta hn]v \In. Amlp \n
fpsS {]h-\-sfmw hebwsNbvX-h- Xsbtm.
apkven Gsd tamln-n-cp bpapX-ep-If
- pw Bbp-[
- fpw Iqp-Im-scbpw t\Xmhn-s\sbpw Hgn-hmn ]nn-cntmSp-I-bm-bn-cp-p. Atm Amlp Ahv
Zp:Jn\pta Zp:Jw {]Zm\w sNbvXp. krn-I-fpsS \nb-{Ww {km-hns ]-em
Wv Fv AwKo-I-cnmsX Pohn-p I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fmWv Cu kq-ns A`n-kwt_m-[-I. hnizm-kn-I, Fmw \nb{npXv Am-lphmsWt_m[-n Ahs
CwKn-X-a-\p-k-cnv am{Xw Pohn-p--h-cm--Wv. A-c-mv ZpxJtam \tam Dm-bn-cnp-Ib
- n- (_-Jd: 157 hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mp-I). temIv \S-p Fm Imcy-fpwbphpw, hnP-bh
- pw,-]c
- m-Pb
- h
- p-samw Amlp t\cs \n-bnv \S-n-em-p-Ib
- mWv FmWv
Amlp Fmw hebwsNbvX-h-\mWv Fp]d--Xns hnh-. Ben-Cw-dm: 145
hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
154. ]ns Cu hn]n\p (ZpL-Sn\v) tijw imn-ZmbIamb Ddw Ah
\n-fpsSta Cd-n, AXv \n-fn Hcphn`m-Ks aqSn (_m-[n-p). at
hn`m-K-am-Is Ahv AhXs-bm-bn-cpp k{][m\w, Ah Amlp-hns\pdnv bYm-n\v hncp--ambn Ahn-th-InI-fpsS Nn-I,
(aq-V-[m-c-W-I) shp]pep-h-cp-am-bn-cp-p. Ah tNmZn-p--hcp-amIp-p: Imcy-- Xocp-am-\np--Xn Rv h ]p-aptm?
\_ntb ]d-bp-I: \nbw Imcy--sfmw Xocp-am-\n-p-Xpw \S-n-em-pXpw AmlphmIp-p. Ah Ah-cpsS Dn (a-\-n) aqSn-sh-pXv
\ntmSv shfn-hm-p-n-. Ah ]d-bp-Ibpw sNpp: Imcy- Xocpam-\n-p--Xn Rv h ]p-ap-m-bn-cp-s-n, R Cs\
Zmcp-Wamwhn[w h[n--s-Sp-am-bn-cp-n-. \_ntb ]d-bp-I: \n \n
fpsS hoSp-If
- nembn-cp-mepwicn acWw\n-bn h[-e
-
- f
- n-tev \nbn kabv \n ]pd-s-SpIXs sNpw. \nfpsS s\I-
358
JpB\ns Bmhv
pn-ep-Xv Amlp shfn-s-Sp-p--Xn\pw \n-fpsS lrZ-b-fn-ep-Xv IdIfv ISsSpm\pam-Ip-p (Ctm kw`-hn-sXmw).
Amlp s\IfpsS Ah icnpadn-bp--h Xs-b-tm.
DlvZv bpw Ign cm{Xn hnizm-kn-Iv Amlp imn-\n`-c-amb Ddw

{]Zm\w sNp-Ihgn Ah Ahsc _m[n apdn-hp-I-fpsS thZ-\tbm ]cm-P-btam Hpw
Hmm Hc-h--bn-em-bn-cp-p. Fm I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Iv Ddw hcn-Ibpmbn, Ah apkvenw-I-fmb Rv FpsImv apdn-th-p? ]cm-Pbw t\cnp? F
Nn-bnembn-cp--Xn-\m Ah DdwhcmsX thZ-\bpw Zp:Jhpw ]q-cq-]-n A\p`-hnpIbpw sNbvXp. Fm A^m: 11-mw kq{]Imcw _Zv bpns
XteZnhkw cm{Xn-bmWv Cu imn\n`-ca
- mb Ddw hnizm-kn-Isf aqSn-bXv Fv ImWmw.
Am-lp-hn-s\-p-dnv Pmln-enmNn shp]penb Ah \_n (k)bmWv CXns\mw Imc-W-m-cs\v a\-n IcpXn AXp {]I-Sn-n-msX Dn \_n-tbmSv
hntcm[wshp-sIm-n-cp-p. Ah kzbw ]d-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp: Imcy- Xocp-am-\n-p-Xn Rv h A[n-Im-c-hp-ap-m-bn-cp-s-n Cn[w Zmcp-W-ambn h[n-Spam-bn-cpn-. adp-]-Sn-bmbn Amlp ]d-bp-I-bm-Wv: Fm-h-cpsS Imcy-nepw acWns
ka-b-hpw ehp-samw t\cs \n-bn-n-p--XmWv. ka-b-am-bm B e-tv
Hmtcm-cpcpw ]pd-s-SpIXs sNpw (Ankm-Av: 78 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). epJvam:
34mw kqw Ah-km-\n-p--Xv C-s\-bmWv, "\n-fn Hcmpw GXv `qan-bn-emWv
\n acn-pI F-dn-bp-I-bn, \nbw Amlp Fmadn-bp--h-\pw, hebw sNbvXh-\p-atm'. DlvZv bp-n C-s\-sbmw kw`-hn-n-Xv I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS a\nen-cnv shfn-hmpXn\pw, hnizm-kn-I-fpsS lrZ-b--fn-ep kwi-b- Igp-In-fv Ahsc ZrV-t_m-[y-ap-hcmp--Xn\pw thnbmWv. Cu kq-nepw, ^Xvlv:
29epw Ad_n A-c-am-e-bnse Ccp-]-sv A-cfpw hn-p-v. _Jd: 155-157,
Ben-Cw-dm: 118120,145 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.155. \nbw, cv kwL- Gp-ap-n-bZ
- n\w \n-fn\nv ]nn-cnpt]mbh-cp-tm, Ah-cpsS Cu hogvNpImcWw AhcpsSXs Nne kmZy \nanw ]nimNv Ah-sc sXn-p-I-f--Xm-Ip-p. Amlp
Ahscsmpw hnSpXn sNbvXn-cn-p-p. \nbw Amlp hf-sc-b-[nIw
s]mdp-p-- kl-\-io-e-\-tm.
Ben-Cw-dm: 122 ]d, DlvZv bp-n ]s-Sp-msX hg-npshv ap\m^nJv
t\Xmhmb A_v Z p- m- l n_v \ p Dss_- p_v \ p kpeq- e ns t\Xr- X z- n ]nncnpt]mb aptm-tdmfw hcp I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ipw, DlvZv bp-n ]s-Spv
]nn-cntmSnb I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ipw Cu kqw _m[-I-am-Wv.
156. Hm hnizm-kn-Itf, \n kXy-\n-tj-[n-IsftmsebmI-cp-Xv. X-fpsS
ktlm-Z-c-- `qan-bn k-cn-p-I-tbm, bp-n ]m-fn-I-fm-hp-Itbm
aqew (h hn]-p-Ipw hnt[-b-cm-hp-I-bm-sW-n) AhtcmSv kXy-\ntj-[n-I ]d-bp--Xm-Wv: Ah R-fpsSbSp-- Xsbmbn-cp-p-sh
n acn-p-I-tbm h[n--s-Sp-Itbm sNpam-bn-cp-n- Fv. Ah-cpsS
lrZ- b - v Zp:J\n- a n- - a m- p- - X n\pthn- b mWv AXv Amlp
Ben-Cw-dm (3)
359
kw`hnnp-Xv. Amlp Xs-bmWv PohnnpI-bpw acn-n-p-Ibpw

sNp-Xv. Amlp \n {]hn-p-Xv kZm hon-psIm-n-cnp--h XsbmIpp.
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifmb \ntj-[n-I Ah-cpsS _pan{XmZn-I bp-n ]sSpv h[n--s-Sp-I-tbm, As-n `qan-bn k-cn-p-tm A]-I-S-acWw kw`-hnp-Itbm sNbvXm, Ah R-fpsS hmptIv R-fpsS IqsS Ccn-p-I-bm-bn-cps-n As\ kw`-hn-p-am-bn-cp-ntm Fv hne-]n-p--h-cm-Wv. b-Ym-n
ac-W-hpw, P\-\hpw Am-lp-hns CwKn-X-m-emWv \S-p--sXv Ah hniz-kn-pn-. Cp I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fp-sSbpw \ne-]mSv CXpXs-bm-Wv. h A]-I-Shpw
kw`-hn-m Ah AXn\v ImcWw Xnc-p-Ibpw Ans\ sNbvXn-cp-s-n Cs\
kw`-hn-p-am-bn-cp-n-, Rm Atmtg ]d--XmWv, AXv tIm-XpsImmWv
Cs\ A]-ISw hcm ImcWw Fsmw ]d-bp--h-cm-W-h-. Ah, A-Bw: 164,
Ckvdm-Av: 13-15, Aw-kv: 710, kpa: 7, _e-Zv: 10, Ckm: 3, \Pvav: 3839 XpS-nb
kq--fn-sempw hniz-kn-m--h-cpw, {]kvXpX kq- aqSnshp--h-cp-am-Wv.
Ah-cpsS ssII km-Zn-Xv \c-I-am-bXn-\m Ah ac-Ws `b-s-Sp--hcpw, acWw
Hcp \-ambn ]cn-K-Wn-p--h-cp-am-Wv (Xu_: 123-127 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Fm hnizmkn-I sFlnIPohnXw ]c-tem-I-t-p Irjn-bn-Sambn ]cn-KWnp--h-cpw, ac-WtmSpIqSn-bmWv bYmPohnXw XpS-p-Xv F hniz-mknph-cpw, ac-Ws
`b-s-Sm--h-cp-am-bn-cn-pw (A^m: 49, Xu_: 111, ^Xvlv: 12, Az^v: 10-13 Iqn-hmbn-p-I). _Jd: 154, Ben-Cw-dm: 136-,144145 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
157. A-mlp-hns amK-n \n h[n--s-Sp-I-bm-sW-n, As-n
acn-p-IbmsW-n AXphgn Am-lp-hn\nv e`n-p ]m]-tam-N\
- hpw,
ImcpWyhpw Xs-bmWv Ah Hcp-anpIqpXnt\-m (k-m-Zy-tm) Ahv Ghpw D-a-am-b-Xv.
158. \n acn- p- I - t bm, As- n h[n- - s - S p- I - t bm BsW- n
GXp\nepw \n Am-lp-hn-tev Xs-bmWv ]p\Po-hn-nsmcpanpIqsSpI.
Amlp \Inb A\p- { K- l - D]- t bm- K - s - S pn kzKw t\S- e m- W v
PohnXeyw. hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv XfpsS ico-chpw kpw kXy-ns hgn-bn
sNe-hgn-m ]Icw kzKw \Im-sav Amlp Jp-B\
- n-eqsS hmKvZw sNbvXnpv
(Xu_: 111). Atm Am-lp-hns amKn h[n--s-Sp-I-bm-sW-n Ah
t\cnv kzKn {]th-in-p-I-bmWv sNp--Xv. X-fpsS \mn-tev \ntbm-Kn-s {]hm-N-Iamsc Is-dn-bp-Ibpw, D]-{Z-hn-p-Ibpw sNbvX ka-bv, ]-Wn
\nv AIse ae-bn Xma-kn-n-cp "l_o-_p--m-' F hnizmkn HmSn-h-cn-Ibpw
Xs P\-Xsb D]-tZ-in-psImv "Rm \n-fpsS DS-a-bn hniz-kn-n-cn-pp, Rm
]dbpXv \n-sfmv tIp-hn' Fp]d--tm (BP-\X At-ls h[np
If-p), At-lt- mSv kzKn {]th-inpsImpI Fv ]d-bs
- p Fv bmko:
18-27 ImWm-hp--Xm-Wv. _Jd: 105 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
360
JpB\ns Bmhv
159. Atm- {]hm-N-Im, \o Ah-tcmSv hfsc kuay-io-e-\m-bXv Am-lphn

\np ImcpWyw sImm-Ip-p. \o ITn\ lrZ-b-\mb ]cp-j-kz-`m-hm-c-\m-bn-cp-p-sh-n \ns Npp-\npw Ah-scmw ]ncnpt]mhpI
Xs sNp-am-bn-cpp. Atm \o Ahscsmv hnSpXn sNp-I,
Ahpthn s]mdp--ens\ tXSp-Ibpw, Imcy- Ah-cp-ambn IqSnbm-tem-Nnp-Ibpw sNp-I. As\ \o HcpImcy-n ZrV-\n-bsa-Spm Am-lp-hn `c-tan-p-Ibpw sNp-I. \nbw, Amlp Ah\n `c-tan-p--hsc CjvS-s-Sp--h-\-tm.
DlvZv bp-n I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS {]h-\- hnphogvN-tbm-sS-bmWv \_n
(k) t\cn--Xv. bpm-\-cw HpwXs kw`-hn-n-ns an, {]hm-N-I (k) AhtcmSv Am-lp-hns Iev]\{]Imcw hfsc kuay-amb\n-e-bn s]cp-am-dp-I-bp-m-bn.
152,155 Fo kq--fn, AmlpXs Ahv amp\Inb hnhcw ]d-n-pv.
Aqd: 36-40 kq--fn hnPbw hcn-p hnizm-kn-I-fpsS kz`m-h- FSppImWnn-p-v. Alv: 127, Hm {]hm-N-Itc, \ns a Am-lp-hns A\p-{K-l-m
am{X-am-Wv, \ntj-[n-I-fpsSta \o Zp:Jnm-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw, Ah-cpsS KqV-X-{--fn
a\wapm-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw thW-sapw, 128-, \nbw Amlp Ahs\ lrZ-b
- n kqn-h-tcm-sSm-hpw, Ahs\ IpsImv Ncn-p--h-tcm-sSm--hp-am-sWpw ]d-n-p-v.
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-tfmSv FmImepw Cu \b-a Am-lphpw {]hm-N-I\pw FSpn-p--Xv. Xu_: 73, Alvcow: 9 kq--fn, Hm \_ntb, Ip^m-dp-I-tfm-Spw, I]S-hn-izm-kn-I-tfmSpw A[nIcn PnlmZv sNp-I, Ahsc shdp-p-I-bpw, Ah-tcmSv ]cpjambn s]cp-am-dp-Ibpw sNpI F Iev]\ \_n (k) \S-n-em-n-bn-p--Xm-Wv (^Xvlv:
29 Bibw t\mpI). Alvkm_v: 1,48 kq-fn, Hm \_ntb Am-lp-hns\ kqnp-I, kXy-\n-tj-[n-I-fmb Im^n-dp-I-sfbpw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-sfbpw A\p-k-cn-m-Xn-cnp-Ibpw sNpI F Iev]\bpw \_n (k) {]mhnIamn-bn-p-v. An-km-Av:
91, Xu_: 123, Alvkm_v: 61 Fo aqv kq--fn-eqsS Amlp I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Isf
h[n-m hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv (kwL-tmSv ) Iev]n-n-p-v. Ct-hsc \S-n-em-n-bn-nm Cu Iev]\ Cukm \_n htijw am{X-amWv \S-n-em-pI. Am lp-hns
tIm]-n ap--h-tcmSv tIm]w ]pep-Xphsc Hcmfpw hnizm-kn-bm-hp-I-bn Fv
\_n (k) ]Tnn-Xpw, Xu_: 23-24, 71-72, apPm-Zne 22: XpS-nb kq-fpw ]cn-K-WnmsX Cu kqw am{Xw ]cn-K-Wnv tZjyw ]nim-Nn\np--XmWv F Xn {]Ncn-n-p--h-cm-Wv Cs I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I. Ahscp-dnv Xu_: 6768 ]dnpv. aqkm \_n tZjyw]nSnv Xudmv hen-s-dn--Xn\m (AAvdm^v: 150, Xzml: 9097) aqkm \_nsb Xn-]-d-bp--hcpw, Xzml: 94-mw kqw FSp-p--cnv kwL-S\pthn inphsc A\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-sWv kanp-hcpw, lmdq \_n--bmWv
aqkm \_n-tb-m Cu hnj-b-n amXrI Fv {]N-cn-nv Am-lp-hns hgn h{IoI-cn-p-hcpamWh. An-kmAv: 140- Ccw ap\m^n-Jp-I-sf-bpw, kq- hfsm-Sn-v kwkm-cn-p-Xv tIp-sIm-n-cn-p Im^n-dp-I-sfbpw Amlp \c-I-n
Hcp-anpIqp-sa-pw ]d-np-v. Adn-hp P\X AXn\v hncp--ambn {]hn-ptmgmWv Amlp Xosc s]mdpm-Xv (_Jd: 67 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI). AhcpsStaemWv A-mlp-hns tIm]hpw im]hpsapw, Ah-sc-bmWv Amlp h[n-n-p-
Ben-Cw-dm (3)
361
-sXpw _Jd: 151-161,174-176, Ben-Cw-dm: 85-88, ap\m-^n-Jq: 4 kq--fn ]dn-p--Xv Cq- ]cn-K-Wn-p-n-. AXpsImv Ccw ap\m-^n-JpI hnNm-c-Wbn-msX \c-I-ns ASn--n-tev t]mIp-sav An-km-Av: 145 ]d-n-pv.
(A-Bw: 52, bq\p-kv: 15-16, Ckvdm-Av: 73-75, Ilv^v: 28-29 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 99
160. Amlp \nsf klm-bn-p-Ib
- m-sW-n ]ns \nsf AXn-Pb
- n-p
(]-cm-P-b-s-Sp-p-) Hcp in-bp-anXs. Atm Ah \nsf
ssIshSn-bp-p-sh-n ]ns Ahs\qSmsX Bcpv \nsf klmbn- m? Atm kXyhnizm- k n- I Am- l p- h nXs- `cta
npsIm-s.
(A^m: 63-65,74 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Ben-Cw-dm: 122,139140,152 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
161. Hcp {]hm-N-I\pw NXn-pI FXv tbmPn-p-I-bnX-s. Hcp-h NXn
\S-n-bm B N-Xn-bp- ambn Ah Ay-\m-fn lmP-cm-hp-X
- m-Wv. ]ns
Fm Htcm \^vkn\pw (B-m-h-n\pw) Ahch km-ZnXn\p ]q
{]Xn-êw \Ip--Xp-am-Wv. Ah- A\o-Xn ImWn-sSp-hcmhpI
bpan.
ae-p-Isfbndn klm-bn-p-sav Amlp hmKvZw sNbvXn-psv ]dv,
bp-n ]s-Sp-nv Zmcp-Wamwhn[w h[n--s-Xv \_n-bpsS h-\-bm-sWv I]S-hn-izm-kn-I Btcm-]n--Xn-\p adp-]-Sn-bm-WnXv. kzKhpw \c-Ihpw Ah-c-h (Hmtcm
\^vkpw) XsbmWv km-Zn-p-sXv Cu kqhpw ]Tn-n-p-p. Ifhpw h\bpw
\Sp-h Ah-cpsS sXmnkm[-\fpwsImv hn[n-Zn-hkw lmP-cm--s-Sp--XmWv.
Acw \ntj-[n-Iv Ah-cpsS sXmen-Ifpw tIhn-Ifpw ImgvN-bp-samw FXn-cmbn
kmywh-ln-p--Xp-amWvv. ^mnl: 3, _Jd: 281,286, Ben-Cw-dm: 30 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
162. Atm A-mlp-hns Xr]vXn kZm ]n]p Hcp-h Am-lp-hns
tIm]-n Bpt]mb-hs\tmse-bm-Iptam? Ahs ktXw \c-I-amIp-p, F{X tami-s aS---ew!
163. Ah (Cu cv hn`m- K hpw) Amlp- h nsbSp hnhn[ ]ZhnI
fnemIpp. Amlp Ah {]hn-p-Xv kZm honp sIm-n-cnp--h\patm.
Am-lp-hns Xr]vXn kZm ]n]-p--h {]hm-N-I\pw hnizm-kn-I-fp-am-Ip-p.
(kPZ: 17-20 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). tIm]n Bpt]mb-h kXyadnv aqSn-sh-p
^mkn-JpI-fmb I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fm-Wv. \nbw, A-c-m C\n hniz-kn-p-I-bn-sv
bq\pkv: 33epw, Ah h[n--s--hcmsWv ap\m-^n-Jq: 4epw, A_k: 17epw ]dn-p-v (A^m: 4956 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Fm a\p-jycpw kzKn\nmWv `qan-
362
JpB\ns Bmhv
bntev hn-p--Xv. Jp-B\ns Bibw samw ]n]-pIbpw ap a\p-jyv ]TnnpsImSp-p-Ibpw sNbvXhv am{Xta kzKn-tev Xncnpt]mIm km[n-p-Ibp-q, Am-hcpsSsbmw aSw \cInte-m-Wv (AAvdm^v: 24-25,35-36, kpa:
1718,32-33 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Am-lpth, \nbw Rm \ns Xr]vXnbpw kzKhpw
tNmZn-p-Ibpw, \ns tIm]ssmpw, \c-Issmpw \ntmSpXs A`bw
tXSp-Ibpw sNp-p Fv \_n (k) Ftmgpw {]mn-n-cp-p. _Jd: 3839,126,285
hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
164. \nbw, X-fn\nv Xsbp Hcp ZqXs\ Ahv \ntbm-Kn-b
- pI
hgn Amlp hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv henb HuZmcyamWv sNbvXn-p-Xv. Atlw
Ahv Ahs kq- hni-Zo-Ic
- np sImSpp-Ib
- pw, Ahsc kwkvIcn-p-Ibpw Ahv thZhpw XXz-m-\hpw ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNp-p.
AXn\v apm-h-s, Ah hy-amb hgn-tI-Sn Xs-bm-bncpp.
PpapA: 2mw kqw CtX Bi-bnep-XmWv. (bmko: 26 kq- Iqnhm-bn-p-I). Jp-B\ns Bibw ]n]-m GXv P\-Xbpw hy-amb hgn-tI-Sn-emWv. Cv Jp-B\ns Bibw ]n]-m apkvenw P\X Xs-bmWv at-sXmcp P\X-sb-mfpw hgn-tI-Sn-sev ImWm-hp--Xm-Wv. Fm Xn-bnepw apn-epw \-bn
]nn-epw, acn-m Ghpw `b-ap--h-cpw, ZoLm-bp-n\pthn Ghpw sImXn-p-hcpw, sFlnI Pohn-X-n Ghpw IqSpX kpJn-p--h-cpw AhX-s-bmsWpw
ImWm-hp--Xm-Wv. Cu P\-Xsb PpapA: 5, Igp-XtbmSpw PqX-tcmSpw D]-an-p-Ibpw,
Ah Xs-bmWv A{I-an-I-sf-v ]d-bp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-p-p. AAvdm^v: 176, D]{Z-hn-mepw C-nepw amwhcm \mb-tbmSpw Ahsc D]-an-n-cn-p-p. ^pJm:
18, hn[nZnhkw alm--m Chscpdnv HcpsI P\-X-X-s-bm-bn-cpp Fp
]d-bp- cwKhpw, ^pJm: 30, {]hm-N-I (k) Jp-B\pw sImphv, Fs Cu
P\X Jp- B \n- s \ Ah- K - W nv AXn\nv lnPv d t]mb- X mWv Ahph
ZpKXnsbv A\ymbw t_m[n-n-p-- cwKhpw ap-dn-bnv \Inbn-p-v (dAvZv: 11
Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Ch Xs-bmWv Im^n-dpIfpw, fmen-apIfpw, ^mkn-JpIfpw, apPvcnwIfpw,
PohnXw \jvS-s--h-cpsav AAvdm^v: 40-41, Xu_: 19,23-24,80, ^pJm: 31, kPZ: 12,22,
bmko: 59, kpa: 59,71, ^pn-ev: 26,29, ap-\m-^n-Jq: 6, apIv: 6,11 XpS-nb kq-fn-semw ImWmw. _Jd: 96,151,254,269 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
165. \nsmcp hn]v _m[n--tm-tgpw CsX-s\ kw`-hnpshv
\n tNmZn-p-p-htm, Fm (_Zvdn) AXns cn-cn \miw
\n-fpsS Ic--fm Ahv (i-{Xp-]-n\v) kw`-hn-n-p--Xm-Wv.
\_ntb ]d-bpI: Cu \miw \nXs hcpnsh-Xm-Ip-p. \nbw
Amlp Fm Imcy-n\pw Ign-hp k-i--\-tm.
_Zv bp-n i{Xp-]--n-\np Fgp-]Xv t]sc h[n-p-Ibpw Fgp-]Xv
t]sc _n-If
- mbn ]nSn-IqSpI-bp-ap-m-bn. Fm DlvZv bp-n apkven-fn\np
Fgp-]Xv t] h[n--s-Sp-I-bmWp-m-b-Xv. Atm apkvenfm-bm- \jvStam ]cmP-btam Dm-hm ]mSns \nK-a-\-n, I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I Ahp kw`-hn hn]-
Ben-Cw-dm (3)
363
n thh-em-Xn-s-Sp--h-cm-bn-cp-p. Ah-cpsS kz`mhw An-km-Av: 7879 Amlp

]d-bp-p: Ahsmcp \ e`n-m AXv Amlphn \nmWv F-h ]dbpw,
Ahsmcp Xn e`n-mtem AXv Xmfn (\-_n-bn) \nmWv Fm-W-h ]dbpI. \_ntb \o ]d-bpI: Fmw Amlp-hn \nm-Ip-p. Cu P\-X-s-p-]-n?,
Ah Am-lp-hns h-am\w {Kln-p-n--tm. (Hm a\p-jym) \n\-smcp \
e`np-Xv Atm Am-lp-hn \nm-Wv. Fm \n\smcp Xn ]nSn-s]-Sp-psh-n AXv \nn\nv Xs-bm-Wv. AYhm "Amlv' F kvac-W-tbmSpIqSn
\ne-\n-m Hcm-]pw hcn-I-bn-, Am-lp-hns\ ad- Ah--bn ]nimNn\memWv
Xn G-p-Xv. Am-lp-hns\ adm Ah Ah-sc-s ad I]-S-hn-izm-knIfm-bn-op (_Jd: 99 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI). \_n (k)bpsS hmv ewLnv
As-bvp-Im bp-ap-X hmcn-q-m ae-ap-I-fn\nv Cdn h-XmWv DlvZv bpnse ]cm-P-b-n\v Imc-Ww (kqw 152 t\mpI). ^pn-e-v: 50, kXy-\n-tj[n-I-fpsS kz`mhw Cs\ hnh-cn-n-cn-p-p: Ah\v ]nSn-s] Hcp Zpcn-X-n-\p-tijw
\n\np Hcp ImcpWyw Ah\p e`n-m Ah ]d-bpw: CXv Xo-bmbpw F\np--Xm-Wv, B Ay-a-Wn-q kw`-hnp-sap tXmp-n-, kw`-hnms AhnsSbpw F\np \ e`n-p-Xm-Wv. kqd: Ilv^n Xs tXm-fpsS Imcy-n
Iqp-Im-c-t\mSp hmZn, XtmSpXs A{Iaw ImWn \ntj[nbmb Hcph ]d-p:
Fs Cu A\p-{K-l
- s
- fmpw Hcn-epw \in-p-sap Rm Icp-Xp-n-, B AyaWnq \ne-hnhcp-sapw Rm Icp-Xp-n, C\n \mY-\n-tep aS--s-mepw AhnsSbpw F\nv Xs-bm-bn-cnpw \-]-cn-WnXn (Ilv^v: 32-36 t\mpI). _Jd: 152,
166,167. cp kwL Gpap-nb bp-\m-fn \nsf _m[n-Xv Am-lphns
thpI-tbmSpIqSn Xs-bm-Wv. hnizm-kn-Ifmsc-pw, I]-S-hn-izm-knIfmscpw thXn-cn--dn-bm thn-bm-WXv. hcp-hn, Am-lp-hns
amK-n bpw sN-p-hn Asn (kzw ]-W-s) {]Xn-tcm-[npIsbnepw sNp-hn Fv Ah-tcmSv ]d-b-s-tm, B I]-S-hn-izmkn-I ]d-p: bp-ap-m-Ip-sav Adn-n-cp-s-n Xo-bmbpw
R \nsf ]n]pIXs sNp-am-bn-cp-p. Ah B \mfp-I-fn
kXy-hn-izm-k-t-m Ghpw ASp-n-cp-Xv \ntj-[-tm-Sm-bn-cp-p.
Ah-cpsS lrZ-b--fnenm-Xv Ah hmbsImv ]d-bp--hcp-am-Wv.
Amlp Ah aqSnshp-Xv icnpadn-bp-h\m-Ip-p.
apkvenfn\np hnizm-kn-It- fbpw I]-Sh
- n-izm-kn-It- fbpw Xncn-d
- n-bm thnbmWv DlvZv bpw kw`-hn-n--Xv. Hfn-Xpw sXfn-Xpw Adn-bp GI-\mb Amlphn\v Xncn--dn-bm thn-b-, {]hm-N-I\pw hnizm-kn-Ipw Xncn--dn-bm thn-bmWv.
adnv Rm Im^n-dm-bn-cpp Fp]d-bmsX Hcm-sfbpw \oXn-am-\mb ]c-a-Im-cp-WnI
\c-I-n-tenSp-I-bn- (ABw: 130, AAvdm^v: 37, kpa: 59 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Apm-ln_v\p D_ns Iogn- ]nn-cnpt]mb apqdv t]cmWv, bp-sampw D-mhpI-bn, AXp-m-Ip-sav Dd-p-s-n R \nsf A\p-K-an-pIXs sNpsav ]d--Xv. bYm--n Ah hm-bn hXv ]d-bp-I-bm-bn-cp-p. ap\m-^nJq: 1 I]-S-hn-izm-kn-IfpsS kz`m-hspdnv Amlp ]dbpp: ap\m-^n-Jp-I
364
JpB\ns Bmhv
\nsbSptv hm Ah ]dbpw: \n-bw, Xm Am-lp-hns {]hm-N-I

Xs-bmsWv R kmywhln-pp, Am-lp-hn-\-dn-bmw, \nbw \o Am-lphns {]hm-N-I Xs-bm-sW-v. \nbw ap\m-^n-Jp-I Iw ]d-bp--h Xs-bmsWv Amlp kmywhln-pIbpw sNpp. \_nbpw Bbn-c-n-\m-q t]c-Sp A\p-bm-bn-Ifpw lnPvd 6mw hjw Dwd-p-thn t]msb-nepw am apivcnpI
Ahsc XS-p. lpssZ-_nb knsb-p-Sv aZo-\-bn-tev Xncn-p-t]m-p. Atm
Ahn-sS-bp-m-bn-cp I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I ^Xvlv: 11-{]Imcw \_n-tbmSpw A\p-bm-bn-ItfmSpw ]d-bp-I-bmWv: R-fpsS k-psfbpw IpSpw-_mw-K--sfbpw t\mm-\p-Xp-sImmWv \n-tfmsSmw hcm-Xn-cp--Xv. AXp-sImv Rpthn Am-lphn-t\mSv s]mdp--ens\ tXSn-bm-epw. Ah Ah-cpsS lrZ-b--fn-en-m-Xv \mhp-sImv
]d-bp-I-bm-Wv. \_ntb Ah-tcmSv tNmZn-pI: \nv Am-lp- Hcp ZpcnXw Asn Hcp- KpWw sNm Dt-in-m Bcm-Wv Am-lp-hn\nv AXv XS-bm-\p-Xv?
A; Amlp \n-fpsS {]h-\--sfmw hebwsNbvX {XnIm-e-m-\n-bm-Ip-p.
12-, {]hm-N-I\pw hnizm-kn-Ifpw Hcn-epw Ah-cpsS IpSpw-_mw-K--fn-tev Xncn-p-hcn-I-bn-sv Ah Dd-p-hn-iz-kn-pI-bpw, AXv Ah-cpsS lrZ-b-v Ae-m-c-amsSpIbpw sNbvXp. Ah Ghpw Zpjn Nn-bmWv shp-]pen-bXv, Ah Hcp
sI P\X Xs-bm-Ip-p. Cs ap\m-^n-Jp-Ifpw CtX kz`m-h-ap--h-cm-Wv, Ah
GsXmcp Imcyhpw Jp-B\ns BibwsImv Ddphcp-msXbmWv ]d-bp-I. Hcp
hnj-b-nepw kwibw Dm-Im-Xn-cn-m-\mWv (lJp bJo) Dd-mb hrm--amb
Jp-B Ah-X-cn-n-n-p--Xv (lnPv: 99, AlmJ: 51 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 111,157,
168. kzbw Ipn-bn-cn-p-Ibpw, bp-n\pt]mbn h[n--shscp-dnv AhcpsS ktlm-Z-camtcmSv, Ah Rsf A\p-k-cn-n-cp-p-sh-n h[n-s-Sp-am-bn-cp-n--tm Fv ]d-bp--h-cpamW-h. \_ntb ]d-bp-I: \n
]d-bp-Xv kXy-am-sW-n acWw \nv Bk--am-Ip-tm B acWs \n XS-bp-hn.
Am-lp-hns\pdn-p [mcW hnI-e-am-b-Xn-\m Fm-e-p-ap I]-S-hn-izmkn-I acWw Hcp \am-bn-mWv ImWp-I. Ah-c-h-cpsS Ic- {]hn--Xns
A\--c-^-e-ambnmWv A]-ISw kw`-hn-p-Xv (A-n-km-Av: 78-79) F Imcysampw
Ah Hman-p-I-bn-. BIm-i-`q-an-I-fn \S-p Fm kw`-h--fpw Amlp t\cs
\n-bn--Xm-sW-pw, Hcp {K-n tcJ-s-Sp-n-bn-p--Xm-sWpw bq\pkv: 61, lqZv:
6, lv: 70, \wev: 75, ^mXzn: 11, lZo-Zv: 22, XKm-_p: 11 XpS-nb kq--fnsemw
]d-n-p-v. Xu_: 51, Rv Amlp tcJ-s-Sp-n-b-XmsXmpw Hcnepw _m[n-p-I-bn Fp]-d-bm \_n-tbmSpw hnizm-knItfmSpw Iev]n-p-p. Cu
kq--fnse-, Hcp \^vkn\pw Am-lp-hns thpIIqSmsX hniz-kn-m Ignbn- (bq\p-kv: 100), Hcp \^vkn\pw Am-lphns Iev]\IqSmsX acn-m Ign-bn-
(Ben-Cw-dm: 145) Fo kq--fn-epw Cu I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I hniz-kn-p-n-. FmIm-cy-pw \ymb- Is-m {ian-p Ch, Xn-I kw`-hn-p--Xn\v
{]hm-N-I-s\bpw hnizm-kn-I-sf-bp-amWv Ip-sSp-pI. Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n\nv
Am-lp-hns Ncy a\-n-em-m--h-cmWv Ch. `qan-bn cw Nnp--Xn-sbpw
Ben-Cw-dm (3)
365
asm XnI-fp-sSbpw, ]m]-`mcw Ccw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-ImWv e`n-pIsbv {Klnm-h

- c
- p-am-Wh. AAvdm^v: 174, , Adqw: 41, kPZ: 21 kq-f
- psS Bi-bsfmpw
Ah DsmpI-bp-an-. _Jd: 10-12, 94-95,102, Ben-Cw-dm: 154 hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mpI.
169. Am-lp-hns amKn h[n--s--h acn--h-cmsWv \n IcpXcpXv. Fm Ah X-fpsS \mYs ] hn`-h
- Bkz-ZnpsImv
Pohn-n-cn-p--h-cm-Ipp.
170. Amlp Ahp \Inb Ahs HuZm-cy--fn Ah Bm-Zn-p--knp--hcpw, Xv ]nn Cl-tem-Iv Ah-ti-jn--hcpw C\nbpw
X-tfm-sSmw Fn-tn-n-m-h
- c
- p-amb kXy-hn-izm-kn-IfpsSta `bs-Sm-t\m Ahv Zp:Jnmt\m CS-hc
- n-Ib
- n-tm Ftmv ktm-jnph-cp-am-W-h.
hnizm-kn-I kzKn {]th-in--s-m Ahn-Ss A\p-`q-Xn-I BkzZnpsImv IgnpIqSp- - X n kwXr- ] v X - c m- b n- c n- pw. Fm Am- l p- h ns
amKn c-kmyw hlnh Ahv e`n {]Xn-ê A\p-`q-Xn-I-fpsS B[nIyw
\nanw HpIqSn Cl-tem-I-tphcm\pw, hopw c-kmyw hln-m\pw B{Klnp-sav \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. CXns ASn-m-\-n- _Zv, DlvZv, Jv,
X_qv XpS-nb bp--fn-semw ]s-Sp-p-I-bpw, \_n-bpsS tij-ap bp-v
t\XrXzw \Ip-Ibpw sNbvX Jeo-^-am-cmb Da, Dkvam, Aen XpS-n-bhscmwXs
c-km-n-Xz-n-\p-thn {]mn-p--hcmbn-cpp. AXn-\m-emWv Ah c-kmn-Ifmbn sIm-s--Xv. Fm Cv bptam h[tam Cm--Xn-\m Hcp hnizmknv c-km-n-Xz-n-\p-thn {]mn-m ]mSn-. ImcWw Jp-BsImv AXv
aqSn-sh-p--h-tcmSv PnlmZv sNm-\mWv Ah Iev]n--s-n-cn-p--Xv. _Jd: 154,
171. Amlp-hn\np A\p-{K-l-nepw HuZm-cy-nepw Ah BmZw
sImp-p. \nbw, AmlphmIs Ccw hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS {]Xn-êw
]mgm-n--f-bp-h-\pa.
AAvdm^v: 170 ]d-bp-p: BcmtWm {Ks apdpsInSn-p-I-bpw, \a-kvImcw
\ne-\np-Ibpw sNp--Xv, \nbw Ccw kpIr-X-hmam-cpsS {]Xn-êw \mw ]mgmp-I-bnXs. bq\p-kv: 58, \_n-tbmSv ]d-bm Iev]npp: Am-lp-hns
HuZmcywsImpw ImcpWywsImpw Bm-Z-`-cn-X-cm-hp-I, AXmWv \n Hcp-an-p-Iqp--Xn-t\-m-sfmw D-a-am-bn-p--Xv. Cu kq-n ]d Imcp-Wyhpw HuZmcyhpw Jp-B\
- m-Wv. hnizm-kn-Iv am{Xta J
- p-B Imcp-Wyhpw HuZm-cy-hp-am-Ippq.
[nm-cn-Ipw ap\m-^n-Jp-Ipw AXv \-a-msX hn-n-p-I-bn-, AhXv
amen-\y-hp-am-Wv (Xu_: 125, Ckvdm-Av: 82 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 38, Ben-Cw-dm:
74,79hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
172. Xv ]cn-tXn\ptijw A-mlp-hnsbpw {]hm-N-I-sbpw hnfnv
Dcw \In- b - h - c mWv B hnizm- k n- I , Ah- c n Am- l p- h ns\
366
JpB\ns Bmhv
IpsImv Ncn-p kpIr-X-hmampw, Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-b-n
kqn-p àmpw al-mb {]Xn-^-e-ap-v.
173. Ah-tcmSv P\w ]d-p: \nbw \ns-Xn-cn h ssk\yw kwL-Snn-cn-pp, AXn\m \n `b-s-Sp-I. Atm Ah-cpsS hnizmkw
hn-p-IbmWp-m-b-Xv. Ah ]d-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp: Rv Amlp
aXn, Imcy- `ctan-m Ghpw ]n-b-h Ah Xs-bm-Ip-p.
DlvZv bpw Ignv aS-p-tm A_q-kp^vbm hnfnp tNmZnp: \n-fn
apl--Zptm? A_q-_--dp-tm? Da-dptm? \_n (k)bpsS \nt-i-a-\p-k-cnv Bcpw
adp-]Sn \In-bn-. Fm Da-dp-tmsbv aqmw {]mhiyw tNmZn--tm: Dv, Fmh-cp-apv Fv Da adp-]Sn \In. ASp--hjw _Zvdnshv hopw ImWmw
Fp]dpsImv Ah ]nn-cnpt]mbn. Atm \_n (k) Ipd-m-fp-I-tfmSv
Ahsc ]np-S-cm ]d-p. As\ Fgp-]-tXmfw hnizmknI Fv ssa AI-sebp "lwdm- D AkZv ' F ewhsc Ahsc ]np- S p. Cu hnizmkn
kwLspdn-mWv apdnhp]n-b-Xn\ptijhpw Ah A-mlp-hn-sbpw dkq-en-sbpw
hnfn-p-cw \In Fp]d--Xv.
ASp--hjw (lnPvd 4mw hjw) _Zvdntevv ]pd-s-Sm a-bn-ep i{Xpsf
kml-Ncyw A\p-hZn--n. Atm Ah {]Nm-cIamsc aZo-\bnte-bv: abn
A_q-kp^vbm\pw kwLhpw hn ssk\ys tiJ-cn-p-p-v, \n `b-s-SpI
Fp]dpsImv hnizm-kn-Isf _Zvdn-tev ]pd-s-Sp--Xn\nv \ncp-m-l-s-Spmthn {ianp. Fm Cu shp-hnfn t\cn-Sm \_n (k) A\p-bm-bn-Isf
kwL-Sn-nv _Zvdn-tev t]mhp-I-bpap-m-bn. "Rv Amlp aXn R-fpsS
Imcyw t\mm' Fp]dpsImv \_n-bpsSIqsS t]mb-h-scpdn-m-Wv, Ahcn
\np kpIr-X-hmamcpw àm-cp-ambhv al-mb {]Xn-^-e-apv Fp]d-Xv. _Jd: 112,177 hniZo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
174. Atm Ah Am-lp-hn\np A\p-{K-lhpw HuZm-cyhpwsImv
Xncnpt]mp, Ahsc Hcp Xnbpw _m[n-n-, adnv Am-lp-hns
{]oXnsb Ah ]np-Sp. AmlphmIs al-mb HuZm-cy-ap-S-b-h\patm.
_Zvdn Fnb \_n (k)bpw A\p-bm-bn-Ifpw i{Xpssk\ys {]Xo-nv
FpZnhkw AhnsS Xp-Ibpw, I-h-S- \S-p-I-bp-ap-m-bn. B I-h-Sw aptJ\
e`n-n-p em`-s-Ip-dn-mWv Am-lp-hns HuZmcysav Cu kq-n ]d--Xv.
Ahv Hcpssk\y-sbpw t\cn-tS-n-h--Xp-an-. Amlp-hns Cu ]co-Ww
Ah hnP-b-I-c-ambn ]qn-bm-n. AXmWv Am-lp-hns {]oXnsb Ah ]npSp
Fp]d--Xns Xm]-cyw. Rv AmlpaXn `c-ta]n-m-s\-mWv hnizmknI ]d-bp--sXn, \ntj-[n-IfmI-s, Rv R-fpsS ]q-]n-Xm--fpsS Ncya-Xn-sb-mWv ]d-bpI(amCZ: 104 t\mpI). _Jd: 74,170171 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
175. \nbw ]nim-NmWv Ahs Iqp-Imsc `b-s-Sp-p-Xv. Atm \n
Ben-Cw-dm (3)
367
Ahsc `b-s-S-cp-Xv. \n hnizm-kn-I-fm-sW-n Fs `b-s-SpIbpw

sNpI.
`bw ]nimNn\nmWv. Ckvdm-Av: 64-mw kq-a-\p-k-cnv a\p-jysc Ahs
iw sImv `b-s-Sp-m-\pw, Ahs-Xnsc Imem-Sbpw, IpXn-c--Sbpw \bn-m\pw, Ah-cpsS k-nepw km-\--fnepw ]p-tNcm-\p-ap Ignhv Ah\v (]n-im-Nn-\v)
\In-bn-p-v. Cu hnhcw a\p-jysc Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n-eqsS Adn-bn-n-p-ap-v.
]nim-Nns\ Jp-B\n\nv ]cn-N-b-s hnizm-kn-Iv Jp-BsImv ]nim-Nns\
\nb-{n-m km[n-p--Xm-Wv. amapivcnp-Isf Ah `b-s-Sp-nbXn-\m Ah
_Zvdn-tev ]pd-s-n-. hnizm-kn-I Amlp-hns\ am{Xw `b-s-SpIhgn ]nimNns\tbm
Ahs Iqp-Im-sctbm `b-s-Sp-I-bn-. AXp-sIm-mWv liv: 13-, a\p-jy-]n-im-Np-fmb I]-S-hn-izm-knI- Am-lp-hn-s\-b-, hnizm-kn-I-sf-bmWv `b-s-Sp-Xv Fp-]-dn-p--Xv (A-Bw: 112, \lv: 99 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I) liv: 16-, ]nimNv a\p-jy-t\mSv,
\o Amlp-hns\ \ntj-[n-pI Fp]d-bp-Ibpw, As\ Ah \ntj-[npIgn-bptm Rm \nn\np D-c-hm-Znw Hgn-bpp, \nbw Rm k-tem-I-fp-sSbpw DS-a-bmb Am-lp-hns\ `b-s-Sp-p Fp]d-bpIbpw sNp-sav ]d-n-pv.
17-, As\ AhcpsS cp-t]-cp-sSbpw (a\p-jy-sbpw Ahs Pnp-Iq-p-Imcsbpw)
]cn-WnXn \n-bw, Ah cpt]cpw \c-I-n imiz-X-ambn Ign-pIq-S-em-sWpw,
A{I-an-Iv A{]Im-c-amWv {]Xn-êw \IpIsbpw ]d-npv. A^m: 48-49
kq--fnepw CtX BibfmWv kqNn-n-p--Xv. Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n\nv
AI--XmWv PnpIq-p-Im-c ]nSn-ap-dp-m Imc-W-sav kpKvdp^v: 36- ]d-bp-p. \cI-n-em-b-Xn\v ]nim-Nns\ Ipw ]d-npImcy-an-, Ah-c-hscXs Ipw ]d-m
aXn-sbv hnNm-c-W-p-tijw ]nimNvXs ]d-bp-sav C_vdm-low: 22 ap-dn-bnv
\Inbnpv (Jm^v: 27-28 Iqn-hm-bn-pI). CXn\n-smw kzKhpw \c-Ihpw Ahc-h XsbmWv Xocp-am-\n-t--sXv a\nem-mw. Ben-Cw-dm: 139 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
176. {]hm-N-Im, \ntj-[-n HmSn \S-p--h-cpsS {]h-\- \ns
Zp:Jnn-m-Xn-cn--s. \nbw, Ah Amlp-hn\v Hcp t{Zmlhpw sNpn-, Fm Ahv ]c-tem-I-n Hcp hnln-Xhpw Dm-I-cp-sXmWv
Amlp Dtin-pXv. Ahv Kwò-c-amb in-bp-am-Wp--Xv.
177. \nbw hnizm-k
- n\p]Icw \ntj[w hmn-bh
- c
- p-tm, Ah Amlp
hn\v Hcp tZmjhpw sNp-Ibn-. Ahv t\mhp in-bpam-Wp--Xv.
hnizm-k-n\ptijw \ntj-[n-I-fm-b-h I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fm-Wv (ap\m-^n-Jq 3
t\mp-I). Ah \a-kvI-cn-p-I-bpw, t\m-\p-jvTn-p-I-bpw, kImv sImSp-pI-bpsamw sNpsanepw "Amlv' F kvacWbnm--Xn\m Ahcn\nXv kzoI-cn-s-Sp-Ib
- n-. ]c-tem-I
- n Ah ]m-cm-bh
- cpam-bn-cnpw. _Jd: 120-121,174-176,201202,
Ben-Cw-dm: 90-91,111-112 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
178. \mw kmh-Imiw \Ip-Xv Xv KpW-I-c-am-sWv kXy-\n-tj-[n-I
IcptX--Xn-. Ah-cpsS ]m]-`mcw hn-n-mthn am{X-amWv \mw
368
JpB\ns Bmhv
Ahv kmh-Imiw \Ip--Xv. Ahv \ny-amb in-bpamWp-Xv.
]c-aI
- m-cp-Wn-I\
- mb \njv]
- h
- m-\mb Am-lp-hns\ \ntj-[n-- I]-Sh
- n-izm-kn-Iv
Cl-n ZoLm-bppw kpw km-\--fp-samw [mcmfambn \In-bn-p-Xv,
Ah Ah-c-h-cpsS ssIIsImv ]m]- kmZnv \c-I-ns a[y-n-tev
t]mIp-Xn-\p-thnbmWv (A^m: 50-51, lv: 910, apPm-Zne: 16-19 Iqn-hm-bn-pI).
Ah \a-kvIm-c-nepw apw A{i--cm-bXv ImcWw AXn\v ]ng-bmbn Ahv \c-I
amWv e`n-p-I. Ah-cpsS \a-kvIm-chpw t\mp-samw àm-cm-sWv P\-sf t_m[nn-pwhn[w {]I-S-\m--I-hpam-bn-cnpw. AXphgn Ah Zo\n\nv sXdnpt]mhpXpw, \c-I-ns ASn--n-tev ]Xn-p-Xp-amWv (An-km-Av: 142-143, 145, Xu_:
54 Iqn-hm-bn-pI). _Jd: 166-167, Ben-Cw-dm: 1012 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I.
179. ]cn-ip-am-cn\nv tamsc thXncn-p-Xphsc, hnizm-kn-Isf
Ah-cpsS Cs Ah--bn \ne-sIm-m Amlp Atij-w hn-Sp-
X. \nv A-Zr-iyImcy- shfn-sSp-pI FXv Amlp-hns
coXn-b, Fm AXn\pthn Ah Dt-in-p--h-cn\nv Ahs
ZqXam-sc sXsc-s-Sp-p-p. Atm \n Am-lp-hns\smpw
Ahs ZqXamscsmpw hniz-kn-p-hn. \n hniz-kn-p-Ibpw
A-mlp-hns\ lrZ-b
- n kqnp\ne-sIm-p-Ib
- p-am-sW-n \nv
al-mb {]Xn-^-e-ap-v.
\n-fn BcmWv Am-lp-hns\ IpsImv Ghpw `wKn-bmbn {]hn-psXv ]co-n-m-\mWv ac-Whpw P\-\hpw \n-bn-sXv apIv: 2 ]d-npv.
(lqZv: 7, Ilv^v: 7 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). hnizm-kn-I-sfbpw \ntj-[n-I-sfbpw thXncn-s-Spm-\m-Wv temIv \S-p Fm kw`-h-fpw Amlp kw`-hn-n-p--Xv. Jp-B
]qn- b m- b - X n- \ p- t ijw ]cn- i p- - m- s cbpw tam- s cbpw thXn- c ndn- b m- \ p
D]IcW-w AXns samw Bib-amb ^pJm am{X-am-Wv. Atm kzK-n-tep-Xs Xncn-p-t]m-hpI F PohnXeyw t\Sp--Xn-\p-thn Bbpv hn\n-tbmKnp--h-cmWv hnizm-kn-I. ey-t_m[w \jvSsv Cl-temI PohnXwsImv Xr]vXnsSp--h-cmWv \ntj-[n-I. Aqd: 51- Amlp Znhykt-i-n-eq-sS-tbm (h-lvbv),
adp ]nnembnsImtm, As-n Hcp ZqXs\ \n-bnv Ah-\p-t-in-Xv Znhy-kt-i-ambn \InsImtm AmsX Hcp a\p-jy-t\mSpw kwkm-cn-p--X- Fp]dn-p-v. Jp-B kq-f
- psS Bibw kan-p Amlp-hnepw Ahs ZqXamcnepw hniz-kn-m-\mWv hnizm-kn-I Iev]n-snp--Xv. Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-b-n
kqn-pI F-Xns Dtiyw: "Amlv' F kvac-Wbn \S-p-Ibpw CcnpIbpw
InS-p-Ibpw sNpI Fm-Wv.
Jp-B-\ns XW-en-ep _- am{Xta \ne-\nm ]mSp-q. hnizm-knI- t fmSpw hnizm- k - t mSpw i{XpX ]pep amXm- - ] n- X m- - k - t lm- Z - c - - k - t lmZcnamsctmepw tXmgam-cmbn sXsc-s-Sp-m Ah A{I-an-I-fm-bn-o-cp-sav
Xu_: 23 ]d-n-p-v. (BenCw-dm: 191, An-km-Av: 103, Xu_: 24, ^pJm: 29,
kpKvdp-^v: 67, apPm-Zne: 22 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Xu_: 84, ap\m-^n-Jp-I-fp-sS-ta av
\a-kvI-cn--cp-sXv ]d-npv. BcmW-h Fv Xncn--dn-bm-\p D]-I-c-Ww, _kzm-
Ben-Cw-dm (3)
369
C-dmb, ^pJm-\mb samw Jp-B\ns Bi-b-am-Wv. _Jd: 3,285, Ben-Cw-dm: 79

180. Amlp Xv \In-bn-p A\p-{K-l
- f
- n ]nipv ImWn-p-h
B ]nipv Ahv KpW-{]-Z-am-sWv Icp-tX--Xn-, A, AX-hv
tZmj-Icam-Ipp. X ]nipn km-Znpsh-sXm-bpw Ay-\mfn Ahv Igp-nse hf-b-am-bn-o-cpw. BIm-i--fp-sSbpw `qan-bpsSbpw (A-h-n-S-bn-ep--h-bp-sS-bpw) A\--cm-h-Imin Amlp am{X-amIp-p. \n {]hn-p--sXmw hebwsNbvX {XnIm-e-m-\n-bmWv
Am-lp.
`qan-bn P\n--tm IqsS sImphcmXpw acn-ptm IqsS sImpt]mImXp (ABw: 94)amb, {kjvSmhv \Inb Fm A\p-{K-l-fpw Ahs Xr]vXn-bn
ChnsS hn\n-tbm-Knv kzKw t\S-emWv Pohn-X-e-yw. A\p-{K-l--fn Ghpw hepXv
Jp-B\ns Bi-ba
- m-Wv. AXpsImv Fm A\p-{K-l
- fpw A-Im-kp: 8mw kqw
Dsmv Jp-B ]Tnm-\pw, ]Tn-n-m-\p-amWv hnizm-kn-I D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p-I.
kqd: apl--Zv: 38, Am-lp-hns amK-n [\w sNe-h-gn-p--Xn ]nipv ImWnp--h-cp-v, Bsc-nepw ]nipv ImWnp-I-bm-sW-n \n-fpsS m\v asmcp
P\-Xsb sImp-hc
- p-sa-pw, Ah \nsft]msebmhp-Ib
- n-spw ]d-n-p-v. kzbw
]nipv ImWn-p-Ibpw ap--hsc ]nip-n\pthn Iev]n-p-Ibpw, Amlp \Inb
A\p-{K-l- aqSn-sh-p-Ibpw sNp Im^n-dp-Iv AXn\ny-amb in Hcp-nsh-n-p-sv An-km-Av: 37 ]d-bp-p. I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fmb ]pcp-jam-cpw,
kv{XoIfpw Htc hn`m-K-n s]-hcm-Wv, Ah Xn Iev]n-p-hcpw \ hntcm-[np-hcpw, X-fpsS ssII Npcp-p--hcpw Am-lp-hns\ ad--hcpw, Ah Am-lphn- \ m hnkv a - c n- - s h- c p- a m- s Wv Xu_: 67- 68 ]d- b p- p. Am- l p- h ns
amKn\nv P\-sf XS-bp-Ibpw, P\--fpsS [\w Ahn-ln-X-ambn Xnp-Ibpw,
kImv sImSp-msX [\w X-cnpshp-Ibpw sNp--hsc, hn[n- Zn-h-k-n B
[\w \c-I-nn Npp-]-gp-nv Ah-cpsS apJ-fnepw ]miz--fnepw apXp-Ip-I-fnepw
s]mn-n-p--Xm-sW-pw, \n \npthn X-cnp (kz-cq-]n-p) shn-cn-pXv cpNnpsImpI Fv ]d-b-s-Sp--Xm-sWpw Xu_: 34-35 ]d-n-cn-p-p.
Jkz-kv: 58, lZo-Zv: 10 XpS-nb kq--fn, BIm-i-`q-an-I-fpsS A\--c-h-Imiw Amlp-hn-\m-sWv ]d-n-p-v. _Jd: 234,268 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
181. \n-bw, Amlp Zcn-{Z\pw R [\n-I-cp-am-sWv ]d--h-cpsS hmpI Amlp tIpIgn-n-cn-p-p, Ah ]d-bp FmHpw \mw tcJs-Sp-pIXs sNp-p-v. Ah A\ym-b-ambn \_n-amsc h[nXpw
tcJ- b nepv . \mw Ah- t cmSv C\n \n Icn- p \cIin
cpNnpsImpI Fp]d-b-p--Xp-am-Wv.
182. AXv \n-fpsSXs Ic- apIqn H-cp-n-sh--Xm-Ip-p, A-msX
\nbw Amlp Ahs ASn-a-I-tfmSv Aev]wt]mepw A\oXn ImWn-p-h-\Xs.
370
JpB\ns Bmhv
Am-lp-hns amK-n ]Ww sNe-h-gn-pIhgn \\nev Am-lp-hn\v ISw

sImSp-p--h-cm-cpv Fv _Jd: 245epw, A-Km-_p: 17epw, lZo-Zv: 11epw Amlp
tNmZn-p--Xns\ ]cn-l-knp-sImv PqXamcpw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw "Amlp Zcn-{Z\pw, R [\n-I-cp-am-bn-cn-p-p' Fp]dncp-p. amCZ: 64, blq-Zcm-b-h- ]dp: Am-lp-hns ssII _n-s-n-cn-pp F-v. Fm Ah-cpsS ssIIfmWv _nsncn-p--Xv. Am-lp-hns cp-ssI-Ifpw hnim-e-am-Wv, Ah-\p-t-inp{]Imcw Ah sNe-h-gn-pXmWv Fp-]-d-n-p-v. Xu_: 67 ]d I]S-hn-izm-kn-I
- pw PqXam-cpsS CtX kz-`m-ha
- m-sWv ImWmw. ^mXzn: 15-17 Amlp
]d-bp-p: Hm a\p-jy-tc, \n Am-lp-hns Imcy-n Zcn-{Z-cm-Ip-p, Am-lp,
Ah am{X-amWv sFiz-cy-hm-\pw, {]am-Wnbpw kzbw kvXpXyl-\pw. Ah-\p-t-in-pI-bm-sW-n \np]Icw asmcp P\-Xsb sImp-hc
- p-X
- m-Wv, Ah AXn-s\mw
Ign-hp--h Xs-bm-Wv. bmko: 47, \ntj-[n-IfpsS Cu kz`mhw hcpImWn-n-pv. PqXam ]e \_n-am-scbpw h[n-n-p-s-n, I]-S-hn-izmkn-I \_n-am-cpsS
t]cpshv Ahsc P\-a-[y-n If-hmn sImmsXsImpIbmWv sNp-Xv. \_n
(k) sb a\psImv AwKo-I-cn-m--hcpw, \_nsb ]gn-p--hcpw, \_n-bpsS A`mh-n \_n-s-Xn-cmbn KqVm-tem-N\ \S-p--h-cp-am-Wv Ccw ap\m-^n-JpIsfv
ap\m-^n-Jq: 15 kq--fn-epw, apPm-Zne: 810 kq--fnepw ]d-n-p-v. cpIqcpw
i]n-s
- -h
- cpw Am-lp-hns tIm]n\v hnt[-ba
- mbh-cp-am-sWv ]d-n-p-v. hnizmkn-I-tfmSv aqv kq--fn-eqsS h[n-m Iev]n Htc-sbmcp hn`mKhpw Cu I]-S-hnizm-kn-I-fm-Wv. _Jd: 95epw, PpapA: 7epw Ah-cpsS ssII km-Zn-p-sh-Xv \c-Iam-b-Xn-\m Ahv acn-m B{K-lap-m-hn-s-v ]d-n-p-v. Xu_: 82- Ifnbnepw Nncn-bnepw AI-sv ey-t_m[w \-sv Pohn-p I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-tfmSv
Amlp ]d-bpp: \n Ipdv Nncn-p-Ibpw, IqSp-X Ic-bp-Ibpw sNp-I\n-
km-Zn--Xn\v {]Xn-^-e-am-bn-sm-v. 95-, \n-bw, I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I amen-\y-ambXn\m Ah-sc Ah-K-Wn-p-I. Ah- kmZn--Xn-\p {]Xn-êambn \c-I-Ip-WvT-w
Ah-v kt-Xambn e`n-p--Xp-am-Wv. \c-Ihpw kzKhpw Hmtcm-cp-cpw km-Znt--Xm-sWv Cu kqsfmw ]Tn-n-p-p.
A^m: 50- Amlp ]d-bpp: I]-S-hn-izmkn-I-fmb Im^n-dpI acn-p
k`w \o ImWp-I-bm-sW-n! Atm ae-p-I Ah-cpsS apXp-Ip-I-fn-epw, ]ncSn-Ifnepw ASn-p--Xm-Wv. \n- Icn-p in cpNn-p-sIm-p-I Fv Ah-tcmSv ]db-s-Sp-Ibpw sNpw. 51-, AXv \n-fpsSXs Ic- apIqn H-cp-n-sh--Xm-Ipp, A-msX \nbw Amlp Ahs ASn-a-I-tfmSv Aev]wt]mepw A\oXn ImWn-p-h-\Xs Fpw-]-d-n-p-v. lv: 89, Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-an-msX Am-lphn-s\p-dnv hmZn-p Nne a\p-jy-cn-ep-v, Ah P\-sf Am-lp-hns amKn \nv hgn-]n-gnp--Xn-\p-th-n ]ncSn Hcp-`m-K-tv sNcn-p-sImv (-]-w
tNp-sImv) Ncn-p--Xm-Wv. Ah\v Cl-n \ny-X-bm-Wp--Xv. Jnbm-a-p-\mfn \mw Ahs\ Icn-p in- cpNn-n-p--Xp-am-Wv. 10-, AXv \ns ssII
\n\-p-thn Hcp-n-sh--Xm-Wv, \nbw Amlp Ahs ASn-a-I-tfmSv A]w-t]mepw
A\oXn ImWn-p-h-\- Fp-]-d-n-p-v. liv: 18- Amlp hnizm-kn-Isf
hnfnp ]d-bpp: Hm hnizm-kn-I-tf, \n Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-b-n kqn-p-I,
\n \mtf-p-thn FmWv Hcp-n-sh-n-p--sXv Hmtcm \^vkpw t\mn-Im-Wp-
Ben-Cw-dm (3)
371
I-bpw sNpI. \n Am-lp-hns\ kqn-pI, \nbw Amlp \n-fpsS {]h\--sfmw hebwsNbvX {XnIm-e-m\n-bm-Ip-p Fpw, ^pn-e-v: 46-, BcmtWm
kI- sNp--Xv, AXns KpW-hpw, BcmtWm ZpjvI- sNp-Xv
AXns tZmj-hpw Ahv Xs-bm-Wv, \ns \mY Ahs ASn-a-I-tfmSv Hpw
A\oXnImWn-p-h
- \
-
- Fpw ]d-n-p-v. _Jd: 67,91,94-95 hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mpI.
183. \nbw (A-Zr-iy-am-bn) Xo hv Icn-p Hcp _en Ah-X-cn-n-m
Hcp {]mhm-N-I-\nepw hniz-kn-t--Xn-sv Amlp DS-Sn hmn-bn-psv ]d-bp--h-cp--tm, Ah-tcmSv tNmZn-p-I: F\npapv kphy--fmb sXfn-hp-ItfmSpIqSnbpw \n Bh-iy-sXv (Znhym-p-Xw) AhX-cn-npsImpw {]hm-N-Iam \n-fn-tev h-tm, B {]hm-NIamsc \n h[n-p-I-f-Xv FpsImmWv\n kXyk--cm
sW-n.
]qnI kap-Zm-b-fn _en kzoI-cn-Xns e-W-ambn AZr-iy-amb \ne-bn
Xohv Icn-p k{-Zm-b-ap-m-bn-cp-p. BZw km-\--fmb lm_o-epw, Jm_oepw
_en-bn-tm AZr-iy-amb Xo hpIcn-n-m-Wv _en kzoI-cn-Xpw kzoI-cn-mXpw Xncn-dn--Xv (amCZ: 27 t\mp-I). Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-I-fn-tev \ntbm-Kn-s Cbmkv \_n "_Av' tZhnsb ]qPn-n-cp ]qPm-cn-am-tcmSv ]d-p: btlm-hbpsS {]hm-N-I-\mbn Rm am{Xta tijn-n-cn-p-q. _Avens {]hm-N-Iamtcm
\mq-n-b-Xv t]cp-v, Rv cv Imfsb Xcn-I. Hns\ \n Adpv IjvWw
IjvW-ambn apdnv Xobn-SmsX hnd-Intashp-I. at Imfsb Rm\pw Hcpn XobnSmsX hnd-Intashmw. \n \n-fpsS tZhs\ hnfnt]-n-p-hn, Rm
btlm-h-bpsS \manepw hnfn--t]-nmw. Xosm-p-cw \IpXv ssZh-am-bncn--s. As\ cpIqcpw k-Xn-p. Fm Cbmkv \_n _en-bn
ImfsbbmWv AZr-iy-amb Xohv Xn-Xv. Fm "_Av' ]qP-I-bmb Ckvdm-Cu
cmn Cbmkv \_n-bpsS i{Xphmhp-Ibpw, Ah-fpsS Bh-iy-{]-Imcw Ah-fpsS
`mhv Cbm-kns\ h[n-m-\mbn ]pd-s-SpIbpw sNbvXp. XZh-kcw ssZh-Iev]-\bp-m-bn, \o ]pd-sv Ztins acp-`qan hgn- aSntmhp-I (cmPm-am ]pkvXIw:
18,19 Fo A[ym-b- t\mp-I). Cu kw`hs ap\nn-bmWv Amlp B P\XtbmSv (aZo-\-bn-se \_n-bpsS apn-ep PqXam-tcmSv) tNmZn-p--Xv: kXy-ns
i{Xp--tf, \n Fn-\mWv Znhym-p-Xw Bh-iy-s-Sp--Xv? Am-lp-hns thp-ItbmSpIqSn Znhym-pXw {]Xy--s-Sp-nb {]hm-N-Iamsct]mepw \n h[n-m-Xncn-m ka-\v ImWn-n-tm. kphy--amb sXfn-hp-IsImv Dtiyw thZ-hpw,
hyXy--amb Znhym--X-fpamWv. Fm Cs PqXam CsXmpw Bh-iys-Sp-n-. Ah-cpsS Cu kz`m-h--sfmw Cp-Xv apkven-fnse I]-S-hn-izm-knIm-Wv. AXv \_n (k) ]Tn-n--Xp-am-Wv. \n NmWn\v NmWmbn, apg-n\v apgambn Ahsc (PqXss{IkvX-h-sc) ]n]-pIXs sNpw. F{X-tm-f-sa-m,
Ahscmcp DSp-ns amf-n-emWv {]thinp--sX-n AXn {]th-in-m \nfpw
]cn-{ianp--Xm-Wv. Jp-B\ns Bibw apdpsInSnv (AW--p-]-tbm-Knv ISn-p
]n-Snv) Pohn-m-h-scmw hgn-tI-Sn-em-bn-cn-p-sapw \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. _Jd:
61, Ben-Cw-dm: 21-22 t\mpI.
372
JpB\ns Bmhv
184. Atm \nsbh If-hmn Xnd-bp-p-sh-n, \nbw \n\v

apv hyamb sXfn-hp-Ifpw GSp-Ifpw, shfnw\Ip {Khpw
sImphn-p {]hm-N-Iamcpw If-hmn X-ndbs-n-p-v.
^mXzn: 25 CtX Bi-b-n-ep kq-am-Wv. Fm Ime-L---fn-ep-ap \ntj[n-I-fmb P\-X-bpsS kz`m-h-amWv ChnsS Nn{Xo-I-cn-p--Xv. k_q-dns _lp-h-N-\amb
kp_p FmWv ChnsS D]-tbm-Kn--Xv. \nbw Jp-B ]qnI kp_p-dp-I-fn (GSp-I-fn-epw) Dv Fv AqAdmAv: 196 ]d-n-p-v. shfnw \Ip {Kw
FXv Jp-B Xs-bm-Wv. H{Kw (A InXm_v) am{Xta `qan-bn-tev Cd-n-bnp-q. AXns icocw hnhn[ `mjI-fnem-sW-n Bmhv (A-n-IvB-ibw) HpXsbm-Wv. Jp-B {]Im-iam-sWv An-km-Av: 174, amCZ: 15, AAvdm^v: 157, A-Km_p: 8 Alvcow: 8 XpS-nb kq-f
- nsemw ]d-n-p-v. ABw: 33 \nbw
Ah If-hm-p-Xv \ns-b-, adnv Cu A{I-an-I Am-lp-hns kq--tfmSmWv
hntcm[wshv XnpsImn-cn-p--sXv ]d-n-p-v (AAvdm^v: 50-51, AI-_qv: 47-,49, ^pn-ev: 26-28,4043 Iqn-hm-bn-pI). bmko: 10 Ah-cpsS Imcy-n
\o ap-dn-bnv \Ip--Xpw, \Im-Xn-cn-p-Xpw ka-am-Wv, Ah hniz-kn-p-I-bn
Fpw, 11 \nbw \o DWpI Jp-B\ns Bi-bs ]n]-p--h-scbpw ]ca-Im-cp-Wn-Is\ ImWmsXIv (JpB\ns Bi-b-n Iv) `b-s-Sp--h-sc-bp-amWv, Atm Ah\v ktm-j-hm-b-dn-bn-p-I Fp-w ]-d-npv (apIv: 610 Iqnhm-bn-p-I). lv: 8, epJvam: 20 kq--fn Am-lp-hns Imcy-n bmsXmcp
Adn-hpw, kamKhpw, shfnw \Ip {K-hp-an-msX Xn-p--h P\--fn-epspw, Ah ssims Bfp-I-fm-sW-pw, Bsc-nepw ssims\ "hen-mbn'
sXscsSp-m Ah (ssi-m) Ahsc \c-I-n-temWv \bn-p-I-sbpw
]d-bp-pv (l-v: 4, epJvam: 21 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). ChnsS kamKhpw shfnw
\Ip {Khpw m\hpw JpB\ns Bibw Xs-bm-Wv. lZo-Zv: 25 ]d
{Khpw Xpemkpw shfn-hpw Jp-B\ns Bibw Xs-bm-Wv. _Jd: 99,285, BenCw-dm: 60-61 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
185. Fm Hmtcm\^vkpw (B-m-hpw) ac-Ws cpNn-pIXs sNpw. \n
Fm-h-cp-sSbpw I-êw Ay-\m-fn ]cn-]q-ambn \I-s-Sp-Ibpw
sNpw. Atm BcmtWm Ahs\ \c-Issmv XSbp-Ibpw, kzKn {]th-innsSp-Ibpw sNbvXXv, Ah-\s{X bYm hnP-bn. Cu
ùXnI Pohn-Xam-Is h-\m--I-amb Hcp hn`-h-a-msX asm-p-a-.
Fm Hmtcm \^vkpw ac-Ws cpNn-p-sa kq-`mKw Jp-B-\n Cu kqn IqSmsX An-bm-Av: 35epw, AI_qv: 57epw hn-p-v. Jkzkv: 88
Am-lp-hns apJ-a
- m Fm Hmtcm hkvXpfpw \in-p-sav ]d-n-p-v. Atm
Poh-\p-Xpw Poh-\n-m--Xp-amb Fmw \in-p--Xm-Wv. \c-Issmv XS-bpIbpw, kzKn {]th-in-n--s-Sp-Ibpw sNtXvv Ah-c-h Xs-bm-Wv (C_vdmlow:
1 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). hnizm-kn-Iv ]c-tem-I-mWv kzKw, CltemIw Ahv \c-IXp-ey-am-Wv. Fm \ntj-[n-Iv Cl-temIw kzK-hpw, ac-W-tmSpIqSn Ah \cI-n {]th-in-p--Xp-am-Wv. dAvZv: 26, Cu Zp\n-bm-hnse PohnXw ]c-tem-Is
Ben-Cw-dm (3)
373
At]-nv Hcp kZy-b-msX asm-p-a-sv ]d-n-p-v. lZo-Zv: 20 Ah-km-\n-p-

Xv, PohnXw h-\m-m-I-amb Hcp hn`-h-a-msX asm-p-a- F Bi-b-nem-Wv.
Ben-Cw-dm: 196-197, AAvdm^v: 37, ^pn-ev: 26-,28,29, ^mXzn: 5 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
_Jd: 213,254,286 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
186. (Hm hnizm-kn-Itf) \n \n-fpsS [\wsImpw, icocwsImpw ]con-s
- -SpIXs sNpw, CXn\papv thZw \I-s-h
- c
- n\npw _lpssZ-hm-cm-[-I-cn\npw t{Zml-]-c-amb At\Iw h-am-\-- \n
tIp-Ibpw sNpw. Fm \n a ssIsIm-p-Ibpw kqvaX
]men-p-Ibpw sNp-I-bm-sW-n, Atm \nbw AXp Xs-bmWv
Imcy- kmm-XvI-cn-p--Xn-\p sscyn-s amKwCv hnizm-kn-Iv D]-{Z-h-I-c-amb Ipp-hm-p-I Ghpw IqSp-X tItn-h-cnI apkven-fnse I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifn\npw, Am-lp-hns A[n-Im-c-h-Im-i-fn alm-m--sfbpw apw ]ptNp apivcnp-I-fn \np-am-Wv (Ben-Cwdm:
10- hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). Am-lp-hnsbpw {]hm-N-Iam-cpsSbpw i{Xp- XsbmWv hniz-mkn-I-fp-sSbpw i{Xp-. ^pJm: 31, A{]-Imcw Fm \_n-ampw
(ap- \ m- ^ n- J p- I fpw ^mPn- d p- I - f pw IqSnb) apPv c nwIsf i{Xp- - f m- n- b n- p- s pw,
kamKn-tev \bn-p--h\pw klm-bn-bp-ambn \n\v \ns dvXs aXn Fpw
]d-n-p-v (AAvdm^v: 40, bq\p-kv: 17, kPZ: 22, kpa: 59 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _n\:
6, \n-b-w thZ-mcn\n-p I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw (Im-^n-dp-Ifpw) apivcnp-I-fpw
\c-I-n \nXy-hm-kn-I-fm-Wv, Aq- Xs-bmWv Poh-Pm-e--fnshp Ghpw \nIrjvS Fpw-]-d-n-p-v. apAvan\o-v i{Xp--fmn-bn-p--Xv ChscbmWv
(A^m: 22,55 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). An-km-Av: 140, thZ-{Kw hf-sm-Snv kwkmcn-p ap\m-^n-Jp-I-sfbpw, AXp tIn-cn-p Im^n-dp-I-sfbpw \c-I-n Hcp-an-p-Iqp-sav ]d-n-p-v. epJvam: 17, epJvam Xs aIs\ D]-tZ-in-p-p: \o \akvImcw \ne-\np-I, \ Iev]n-p-I-bpw, Xn hntcm-[n-p-Ibpw sNp-I, AXns
t]cn hcp FXnpI an-p-Ibpw sNp-I. AXp Xs-bmWv Imcy- kmmXvI-cn-p--Xn-\p sscyn-s amKw-. Aqd: 43 CtX Bi-b-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bmWv
Ah-km-\n-p--Xv (Alv: 99100,127-128, I-lv^v: 46, A-Km-_p 14-16, AlvJm-^v:
35 Iqn-hm-bn-pI). Fm Xn-Ifn\npw A`bw tXSp--Xn-\p D]-I-c-W-amWv JpB\ns samw Bi-b-amb "Ien-am-v' Fv JpZvkn-mb \_n hN-\-n ]Tn-n-np-v, AXm-bXv Jp-B\ns Ahpw Bi-b-hp-a-S-nb hni-Zo-I-cWwsImv Fm
XnIsfsmpw Rm Amlphn A`bw tXSp-p Fv {]mn-p-I. Fm
apkvenw kwL-S-\-Ifpw apivcnp-Ifpw ]nim-Nns kwL-ns]--hcp-am-Wv. Ah
Am-lp-hns kwL-amb hnizm-kn-I-fpsS i{Xp--fp-am-Wv (^pJm: 29, kpKvdp^v 67
t\mp-I). _Jd: 155-157,177,254 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
187. thZw \I-s--h-tcmSv Amlp hmnb {]Xn-bpw Hmt-Xm-Wv.
\n-fXv a\p-jyv shfn-hm-pIXs thWw. \n Ah aqSn-sh-cp-Xv. Fm AhcXns\ ]pd-tImv hen-s-dn-bp-Ibpw Xp-amb hnev
AXns\ hnp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Atm F{X tami-amb hne-mWv
JpB\ns Bmhv
374
Ahsc Ah hnp-Xv!
Cv thZw Jp-B am{X-am-Wv. a\p-jyv samw lpZ-bmb (_-Jd: 38,185) JpB\ns Bibw P\-v hy-ambn hni-Zo-I-cnpsImSp--W-sa-pw, aqSn-sh--cpsXpw Amlp AXns hml-I-tcmSv ({]tXyInv ]WvUnXam-tcm-Sv) {]Xn hmnbn-p-v. (_Jd: 159-161,174-176, Ben-Cw-dm: 81-91 hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Fm
Ahcnv Jp-B-\ns\ Ah-K-Wn-v AXns Bibw ]Tn-mt\m ]Tn-n-mt\m {ianmsX a\p-jy-cp-m-nb InXm-_p-ImWv {]m[m\yw sImSp-n-p--Xv. AXphgn
BIm-i-n\pXmsg-bp Poh-Pm-e--fnshv Ghpw Xn-tb-dnb Pohn-I-fmbn-cn--pw
Ah-cpsS ]WvUn-Xam Fv \_n (k) ]d hn`mK-am-bn- amdnbncn-bm-Wv Ah.
\n-fn Ghpw D-a Jp-B ]Tn-p-I-bpw, ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNp--h-cmWv F
\_n hN\sampw Ah ]cn-K-Wn-p-n-. Am-lp-hn-s\bpw \_n-sbbpw Jp-B\n aqSn-shv ]nim-Nns\ Pohn-n-p, Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n\nv a\p-jys\ XSbp ey-t_m[w \jvS-s a\pjy]nim-Np--fm-Wh. Jk-kv: 49-50, \_ntbmSv
]d-bphm Iev]n-pp: \n Chcn-t\-m (Xu-dm-v, Jp-B) kamK-nep Am-lp-hn \np-smcp {Kw sImp-h-cn-I, Rm\Xv ]n]-n-sm-mw--\n kXyw ]d-bp--h-cm-sW-n, C\n Ah \n\v adp-]Sn \Ip-n-s-n, Atm
\o Adn-bp-I, \n-bw, Ah X-fpsS Cm-\n-- ]n]-p--h-cm-Wv. Am-lphn\np kamK-anmsX Xs tZtl ]n]-p-h-t\-m hgn-]n-g--h Bcpv?
\nbw Am-lp, Ccw A{I-an-I-fm-sbmcp P\-Xsb kamK-n-tev \bn-p-IbnXs (ABw: 112, AAvdm^v: 175-176, PpapA: 5 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 24,79,85,121
188. Xv \In-b-Xn \nK-fn-p--kn-p--hcpw, {]hn-m--Xns
t]cn kvXpXn--s-S-W-sav tamln-p--hcpamW-h. AX-hv
(KpWIcamsW-v) Icp-tX-Xn. Atmfhv inbn\nv tamN\w
e`n-p-sav \obpw Icp-tX--Xn-, Ahv thZ-\m-P-\-I-amb in-bmWp--Xv.
Jp-B \_n (k)v \Inb Ghpw henb "apAvPnkm'sWv hniz-knp apkven ]t, AsXm-Wv, Fn-\mWv Fsmpw Adn-bmsX Jp-B\ns
hml-I-scv Duw sImp--h-cm-Wv. Jp-B ]mcm-bWw sNm ]Tn-mXs
aXn, A-msX Bibw a\-n-emn PohnXw Nn-s-Sp-Ww Fsmpw Ah-cm-{K-lnp-n-. AXpsImpXs Cv temIpshv Ghpw A[:]Xn hn`m-K-ambn Ah
kzbw XcwXmgvn-cn--bm-Wv. Fm Ah Xs-bmWv Im^n-dpw, fzmen-apw, ^mknJpw, apPvcnapw, \c-I-ns kl-hm-kn-Ifpsav Jp-B kq- D-cnp]d-m
Ah kzoI-cn-p-I-tbm, PohnX ssien Xncp-p-Itbm sNp-I-bn, adnv CX-m
Hcp Jp-B sImphcnI As-n Hp-IqSn kuay-ambn ]d-bpI FmWv Chv
]d-bm-\p--Xv. \_n (k)v amapivcnp-I sImSp adp-]Snbpw CXpXs-bmsWv
bq\pkv: 15-16 kq--fn ImWm-hp--Xm-Wv. Jp-B aqSn-sh-p Im^n-dp-I
in-bn\nv c-s-Sp-sav Icp-tX--Xn- FmWv Cu kq-n ]d--sXn,
kpa: 61 \ns \mYs\ lrZbn kqnp Pohn-n-cp àm, X-fpsS
Ben-Cw-dm (3)
375
Pohn-X-eyw kmm-XvI-cnp hnP-bn--Xn\m Amlp Ahsc \c-I-n\npw c

s-Sp-p--Xm-Wv, Ahv AhnsS bmsXmcp Xntbm Zp:Jtam ]nSn-s]-Sp-I-bn Fp]-d-n-pv. \nbw ap-Jo-v hnP-bapsv \_-Av: 31epw, Jp-B kq-tfmSv hntcm-[w- shp]pep-- \ntj-[n-I-fmb A{I-an-ItfmSv hmKvZw sNbvXn-pXv \cIamWvAsX{X -tam-i-s aS--ew Fv lv: 71-72epw ]d-n-p-v.
_Jd: 44,254, Ben-Cw-dm: 79,159,185 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
189. BIm-i--fp-sSbpw `qan-bp-sSbpw B[n-]Xyw Am-lp-hn-\m-Ip-p. Amlp
FmImcy-n\pw Ign-hp k-i--\p-am-Wv.
apIv: 1, BcpsS ssIIfnemtWm Fm-h-kvXp--fpsSbpw B[n-]-Xy-ap--Xv,
Ah A\p-{K-l-k-q-\mIp-p, Ah Fm-Im-cy-n\pw Ign-hp k-i--\patm! Fp-]-d-n-pv. hn[n-Zn-hkw bYm-n B[n-]Xyw ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I-\mbn-cnpw, B Zn\w \ntj-[n-Iv hfsc _pn-ap-p--Xp-am-bn-cn-p-sav ^pJm: 26
]d-n-p-v. apAvan: 16-, Fm-h-sc-bpw ad-\on Am-lp-hns apn \np
Znhkw, BmWv Ct-Zn\w B[n-]-Xy-sav tNmZn--s-Spsapw, Fmw AS-n-`-cnp GIm-[n-]-\mb Am-lp-hn-\m-sWv ]d-b-s-Sp-sapw ]d-n-p-v. BIm-i-`q-anI-sfbpw Ah-n-S-bn-ep khkvXp--sfbpw Cm-bva-bn\nv krjvSnv Ahsb
\nb-{n-p--h-\mWv Ah. Ah\v BZytam Aytam C. XnjvSw {]hn-p-h-\m-W-h. Ahs\ Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n\nv Isp-I-bmWv Pohn-X-eyw.
Ahs kz`m- h n (Jp- B \ns kz`m- h - n) Ahs {]Xn- \ n- [ n- I - f mbn
Pohnm\mWv a\p-jysc `qan-bn-tev \ntbm-Kn--Xv. hnizm-kn-I-f-m-hscmw ]nimNns {]mXn-\n[yw hlnv \c-I-n-tev Xncnpt]mIp--Xm-Wv. \o F{X {ian-mepw
P\-f
- n A[n-It- ]cpw hniz-kn-p-Ib
- n- Fv bqkp^v: 103epw, P\-fn A[nIt]cpw
Am-lp-hn ]ptNp-sIm--msX hniz-kn-p-I-bn-sv 106epw ]d-n-p-v.
kamKw Hmtcm-cp-cpw Ah--cpsS DS-ab
- mb dnt\mSv tNmZnp hmt-Xm-Wv. {]m\v Dcw e`n-m\pw I kzoI-cn--s-Sm\pw (_Jd: 186) cv D]m-[n-Ifpv.
^mnl: 3, _Jd: 213,255,284 hni-Zo-I-c-Ww t\mpI.
190. \n-b-w BIm-i--fp-sSbpw `qan-bp-sSbpw krjvSn-nepw cmhpw ]Iepw
amdnhcp--Xnepw _pn-amamv [mcmfw ]mT--fp-v.
191. Ah \ndp--fnepw, Ccp---fnepw Ah-cpsS ]miz--fnepw A-mlp
hns\ kvacn-p--h-cpw, BIm-i-`q-an-I-fpsS krjvSn-ns\pdnv Btem-Nnp--h-cp-amWv. (Ah-cpsS Nnmêw C-s\-bm-bn-cn-pw) R-fpsS
DS-a-bmb \mYm, CsXmpw \o anYy-bmbpw hyambpw krjvSn--X-,
\ns hnipn ]mgvth-e-Ismw AXo-X-am-Ip-p. Atm Rsf
\o \c-Iin-sbsmv Impcn-t-W-ta.
BIm-i-`q-an-Isf Hn-n-Sn Ah--bn\nv ths-Spn Cv ImWp hn[n kwhn-[m-\n--h-\mWv BIm-i-`q-an-Iv XpSwIpdn Am-lp. Ah Fm
Poh-Pm-e
- pw Poh \ne-\np-X
- n\v shw A\n-hm-cy-LS- I
- a
- m-pIbpw sNbvXp
(An-bm-Av: 30, Aq: 45, ^pJm: 54 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Xs \mYs\ kvacn-p-
376
JpB\ns Bmhv
Itbm As-n \n {]I-Sn-n-pItbm sNp--hpthn cmhpw ]Iepw amnh-cpp-Xv Ah-\m-Ipp Fv ^pJm: 62 ]d-n-p-v. _pnamam-cmb ]c-a-Im-cpWn-Is CjvSZ- m-kam cm]I t`Z-at\y Fm-bvtmgpw Am-lp-hns\ kvacnpsImv
Ah\pthn Pohn-p Ahs {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fm-bn-cn-pw (An-km-Av: 103, PpapA: 10).
Ah BIm-i-`q-an-I-fp-sSbpw, Ah-cpsSbpw krn-ns\pdnv Btem-Nn-p-h-cpw,
CsXmpw A-an-msX, Ifn-X-am-i-bm-bnv krjvSn--X Fv a\-n-emn (Anbm-Av: 16, ZpJm: 38-39 t\mp-I) CXns ]nn-ep {km-hns\ Is-phcpw,
Is-m--hv \c-IamWp--sXv a\-n-em-n, Ah-cn-tev B hnh-c-sa-n-p
hcpw, B \c-Issmv Rsf ImpcntWtasbv {]mn-p--h-cp-ambncnpw (_-Jd: 2932 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI). Fm Hmtcm Bm-hn\pw AXv kmZn--Xn\v {]Xn-êw sImSp-p--Xn-\p-thn, BIm-i--sfbpw `qan-sbbpw ey-tmSp-Iq-Sn-bmWv krn-n-p--Xv, Ah-tcmSv A]w-t]mepw A\oXn ImWn--s-Sp-I-bn
Fv Pmknb: 22- ]d-n-p-v. \nbw, "Btem-Nn-p P\-Xv AXn [mcmfw
ZrjvSm--fp-v' F Bi-b-n Ah-km-\n-p kq--fmWv dAvZv: 3, kpa: 42,
Adqw: 21, Pmknb: 13 Fn-h. {]kvXpX kq--fpsS Bibw t\mp-I. liv: 21,
AAvdm^v: 176 XpS-nb kq- Ah-km-\n-p-Xv "Ah Btem-Nn-v {]Xn-ênnp-X
- n\pthn' F Bi-bt- mSpIqSn-bm-Wv (kpa: 910 Iqn-hm-bn-pI). _Jd:
Am-lpth Rsf \o, \S--fn-epw, Ccp-fnepw, InS-p-I-fn-epw \ns
kvacn-p-h
- c
- pw, Btem-Nn-p-h
- c
- pw, \n {]I-Sn-n-p-h
- c
- pw, hnP-bn-It- fm-sSmw kzKn {]th-in-p--h-cp-am-t-W-ta, \ns al-mb ImcpWywsImv, Hm IcpW sNp-h-cnshv Ghpw \mbn IcpW sNp--ht\ Fv Cu kqw ]mcm-bWw
sNp-tm {]mn-t--Xm-Wv.
192. R-fp-sS \mYm \nbw, \o Hcmsf \c-I-n {]th-in-n-m Ah
\ny-\m--s-Xv Xs. Acw A{I-an-Iv klm-bn-I-fm-cp-ap-m-bncn-p--X-.
A{I-an-I Bcm-sWv a\-n-em-p--Xn\vamCZ: 45, A-Bw: 21,47,93, AAvdm^v:
40-41, Xu_: 19-23, bq\pkv: 17, 85-86, Ckvdm-Av: 82, Ilv^v: 57, Jkz-kv: 50, kPZ: 22,
kpa: 32, PpapA: 5, Ckm: 31XpS-nb kq- t\mp-I.
Am-lpth, Rsf \c-I-n {]th-in-n--s-Sp A{I-an-I-fnepw \nyamcnepw Ds-Sp--cptX, R-sf \ns al-mb Imcp-Wyw-sImv Jp-B ]n]-t-hn[w ]n]-p ap-Jo--fpw, hnP-bn-I-tfm-sSmw kzK-n {]th-in-p--h-cpam-t-W-ta. Hm IcpW sNphcn Ghpw \mbn IcpW sNp--h-t\. _Jd: 254
193. R-fp-sS \mYm, \nbw kXy-hn-izm-k-n-tev hnfn-p-sIm-n-cn-p
Hcp hnfn-bmf, \n-fpsS DS-a-bmb \mY-\n hniz-kn-n Fv hnfnpsImncnp-Xv R tIp. Atm R At-l-ns
hnfntIv hniz-kn-p-I-gn-p. R-fpsS \mYm, AXn-\m \o R-fpsS
]m]- Rv s]mdppXcn-I-bpw, R-fpsS Xn-I Rfn
Ben-Cw-dm (3)
377
\nv \on-I-f-bp-I-bpw, Rsf \o ]pWym-mtfm-sSmw acn-n-pIbpw sNt-W-ta.

Cu kqn "Hcp hnfn-bm-f' F-Xp-sIm-p-t-in-pXv {]hm-N-I\m-sWv
hfsc hy-am-Wv. CXv ]mcm-bWw sNp-tm Cs\ {]mn-pI:
Am-lpth, Rv \o s]mdppXcn-I-bpw, R-fn \ns ImcpWyw hjnp-Ibpw R-fpsS Xn-I R-fn \nv \onIf-bp-I-bpw, ]pWym-m--fpsS
th]mSv Rv {]Zm\w sNp-Ibpw kzK-n hnP-bn-I-tfm-sSmw Rsf \o
{]th-in-n-p-Ibpw sNt-Wt- a. R Am-lp-hns\smpw, Ay-Zn-\ssmpw
hniz-kn-p, R {]Xy--am-bpw, ]tcm--ambpw Am-lp-hn-tev tJZnp aS-p--hcp-am-Wv Fv \_n (k) {]mn-m ]Tn-n-n-p-v. Ben-Cw-dm: 16,102 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\m-p-I.
194. R-fpsS \mYm \ns ZqXam aptJ\ \o R-tfmSv hmKvZw sNbvXnp--sXm-sbpw Rv \nhnpXtc-W-ta, Ay-\m-fn \o
Rsf A]-am-\-n-e-I-s-Sp--cp-tX, \nbw \o hmKvZ ewLnp--h-\Xs.
kzK-n {]th-in--s ap-Jo- ]d-bp--Xm-Wv: Xs hmKvZw kXyk--ambn R-fn \S-n-em-nb Amlp-hn-\mWv k-kvXp-Xn-bpw Fv kpa:
74 ]d-n-p-v. AAvdm^v: 172-173 {]Imcw "Rm\-tbm \nfpsS \mY? AsX
\mYm, R kmyw-h-ln-pp' F DS-Sn Hmtcm-cp-tcmSpw hmnbnpv.
hn[n-Zn-hkw AXn-s\-p-dnv Hmtcm-cp--tcmSpw tNmZn--s-Sp-I-Xs sNpw F-XmWv
hmKvZ-w. AXn-\m Bpw Bscbpw ]gn-Nmcn Am-lp-hns apn Hgn-p-amdm km[y-a Fw. hnizm-kn-I Znh-k-n cp {]mh-iy-sa-nepw "kn-Zp
CkvXn-Kv^m' {]mnp-I-hgn {]kvXpX DS--Snbpw hmKvZ-hpw Hman-p-Ibpw ]pXpp- I bpw sNp- hcm- W v . Xu_: 68, I]- S - h n- i zm- k n- I - f mb ]pcp- j ampw
kv{XoIpw Ip^v^mdp-Ipw \c-I-o-bmWv Amlp hmKvZw sNbvXn-p--sXpw, 72 hnizm-kn-I-fmb ]pcp-jampw kv{XoIpw Xmgv`m-K--fn-eqsS \Zn-I
Hgp-In-sIm-n-cn-p kzK-q-tm-p-I-fmWv Amlp hmKvZw sNbvXn-p--sXpw
]d-n-p-v. "Fs \o ]p\P--\m-fn \ny-\m--cp-tXk-tm km-\-tfm
D]Imc-s-Sm \mfn' Fv C_vdmlow \_n (A) {]mn-Xv Ap-A-dm-Av: 8788
ImWmw. Hmtcm-cp-cpw H-sm--m-bn-mWv Ah-cpsS ]Xn-\v hb-n\ptij-ap
Pohn-X-nse Fm Hmtcm\nan-jspdnpw {XnIm-e-m-\n-bmb Am-lp-hns
apn Dcw ]d-tb-n-h-cnI, Av Fm cl-ky-fpw shfn-hm-p--Xm-Wv. Jm^v:
27-28, Pnp-Iq-p-Im-c: R-fpsS \mYm, Rm Ahs\ \n_-n-nv AXn-{Iaw
ImWn-n-n-, Ah Xs-bmWv kXy-amK-n\nv hfsc Zqcw hyXn-N-enpt]mbXv
Fp-]-d-bp-tm Amlp ]d-bp-p: \n FsbSpv Xn-t-, Cu hmKvZw
t\c-s- h-n-p--XmWv Fv. Aw-kv: 710 Amlp ]d-bp-p: Fm \^vkn\pw
(B-m-hn\pw) AXns sXm-Sn-hpw XJvhbpw \In-bn-p-v, GXp \^vkmtWm
AXns\ Xncn--dn--Xv, Ah hnP-bn-p, Xncn--dn-bm--h ]cm-P-b-s-p. CXns\-pdnmWv hmKvZw t\cs hn-pv Fp-]-d--Xv. Jm^v: 45 Ah-km-\n-p--Xv,
378
JpB\ns Bmhv
Atm \o Cu Jp-BsImv hmKvZsf `b-s-Sp--hsc DWp-I Fp]dp-sIm-m-Wv. ^pJm: 15-16, ap-Jo--tfmSv hmKvZw sNbvXn-p kzKamtWm D-aw, \ntj-[n-Ip \c-I-amtWm Daw Fv tNmZn-p-p. ap-Jo
v \ aShpw {]Xn-^-e-hp-am-bn-cn-pw, Ah-Xn Dt-in--sX-m-ap-v, Ah-cXn imiz-X-cp-am-bn-cn-pw. \ns \mYsbSp- tNmZyw sN-s-Sm-hp hmKvZ-am-Wn-Xv Fpw ]d-n-cn-p-p. (amCZ: 9, ABw: 28, ^pJm: 27-30, kpa: 47-48,
Azm-cnJv: 9, Aq: 55 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 2728, Ben-Cw-dm: 89 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
195. Ah-cpsS \mY Ahv Dcw \In, \nbw, Rm \n-fn BcpsSbpw]pc-pj-\m-I-s kv{Xobm-I-sHcpIsbpw ]mgmnf-bp-h-\-. \nfn Nne Nne-cn \nm-W-tm, Atm BcmtWm F\np-thn kztZiw shSn-bp-I-bpw, kz`-h-\--fn\nv ]pd-m--s-Sp-Ibpw, Fs amK-n D]{Zhn-s-Sp-Ibpw, F\npthn bpw sNpIbpw h[n--s-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXXv, Ah-cpsS Fm Xn-Ifpw Ahcn\nv
Rm \onIf-bp-Ibpw, Am-lp-hn\np {]Xn-^-e-am-bnv Xmgv`mK-fn-eqsS \Zn-I Hgp-In-sm-n-cn-p kzKq-tm-p-If
- n Ah {]thinn-s
- -Sp-Ibpw sNp-XmWv. Am-lpthm, Ahs ]-etm Ghpw
DIr--amb {]Xn-^-e-ap--Xv.
Cv lnPvd-tbm bptam Hp-an-. Fm Jp-B\ns hn[n-hn-ep-If\p-kcnv Am-lp-hns amK-n Pohn-p-Ibpw, AXv ap--hv ]Tn-npsImSp-pIbpw
sNp-tm D]-{Z-hfp-m-Ipw. {]m-\-Iv Dcw e`n-m\pw I- kzoIcn--s-Sm\pw _Jd: 186, cv D]m-[n-I ]dncn-p-p. (1). Amlp-hns hnfnv
Dcw \IpI. (2). A-mlp-hn hniz-kn-thn[w hniz-kn-p-I. Jp-B\ns
samw Bi-b-n Am-lp-hns\ lr-ZbwsImv ImWp-Ibpw, Jp-B\ns hn[nhnep-I ]n]-p-I-bp-amWv Ah-\n\npw Dcw Inp-hm-\p D]m-[n-I. Cu D]m[nI ]menmsX Am-lp-hn-s hnfnv Dcw \Im-Xncnp-h, C_v-dmlow: 22mw
kq-{]-Imcw "Atm \n F\np-cw \In' Fv ]nimNv \msf ]d-bphn[w
]nim-Nns hnfnv Dcw \Ip-- \ntj-[n-Ifmbn amdp--Xm-Wv. X-fpsS \mYs
hnfnv Dcw \In-b-hv Ghpw DIr-jvS-amb ]Z-hn-bp-spw, BcmtWm Ah\v Dcw \Im-Xv Ahv Ghpw Zpjn hnNm-c-Wbpspw, Av `qan-bn-ep
k-kzhpw A{X-th-sdbpw Ah\v e`nnv AXp-sImv {]mbnw sNbvXm AXv
kzoI-cn-pI-bn-s-pw, Ah-cpsS ktXw \c-I-am-sWpw dAvZv: 18- ]d-n-p-v.
Cv Jp-BsImv A[n-I-cn PnlmZv am{X-am-Wp--Xv (^pJm: 52 t\mp-I).
Jp-B AW--p-]-tbm-Knv ISn-p-]nSnp Pohn-m \_n ]Tn-n Ime-L--amWnXv.
kv{Xobpw ]pcp-j\pw Hbv-sm--bvmWv Ah-c-h-cpsS Pohn-Xspdnv DS-a-bpsS
apn Dcw ]d-tbnhcn-I (An-km-Av: 124, ABw: 94, Alv: 97, Ilv^v: 48,
adnbw: 95, Xzmlm: 112, Alvkm_v: 35, apAvan: 40 Iqn--hm-bn-p-I). c-kmyw
hlnp-h-cpsS IS-samgn-p FmXn-Ifpw Amlp s]mdppsImSp-p--Xm-Wv.
Fm Cv bp-an-m--Xn-\m c-kmywhln-m km[y-a-. Atm Jp-
Ben-Cw-dm (3)
379
B\ns Bibw hmbnv sXp-Ip-- Xncn--dnv Am-lp-hn-t\mSv lrZbwsImv

Gp]d-bp-Ibpw, Xn-I \on-I-f-bp--Xn\pthn Jp-B\ns Bibw ap--h-v
]Tn-nv Ah-cnep Xn-I \on-I-f-bp--Xn\pthn {]hn--ep-amWv, sXp-I
s]mdp-p-In-p--Xn-\p GI-hgn (kpa: 53-55 t\mp-I). _Jd: 112,218 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
196. {]hm-N-Im, kXy-\ntj[nI-fpsS temI-s-p-ap hnf-bmw \ns hnX-\m-m-Xn-cn--s.
197. AXv Wn-I-amb Pohn-X-nse Xp-amb hn`hw am{X-am-Wv. ]noSv
Ah-cpsS-sbmw ktXw \c-I-am-WvF{X-tam-i-s sXmnepI-fm-WXv.
Jp-B Inn-bnv Bibw a\-n-emn ]n]-m-Xn-cn-p-hcpw, ap- a\p-jyv
kzKn-tev Fn-t-cm-\p Sn-mb, kmKamb Jp-B\ns Bibw Fnp-sIm-Sp-m--h-cp-amWv Im^n-dp-I. Ah kzbw Jp-B D]-tbm-Kn-p-nsv am{Xa-, ap a\p-jysc D]-tbm-Kn-m A\p-h-Zn-pp-an-. AXphgn Ah Ah-sc-X-sbmWv \in-n-p--Xv, Fm AX-h Xncn--dn-bp-n- (ABw: 26). C_vdmlow:
30, Am-lp-hn\v kaamsc shp-Ibpw Ahs amK-n\nv P\-sf hgn-]n-gn-p-Ibpw sNbvXhtcmSv ]d-bm Iev]n-pp: \n Ipd-p-Imew kpJnpI, \nbw,
\n-fpsS aSw \c-I-n-te-m-Ip-p. kpa: 8, a\p-jy\v Hcp hn]v ]nSn-s-m
Ah Xs DS-abntev ]q-am-bn-n-cnv Ah-t\mSv {]mn--em-bn, ]ns Ah\v
DS-a-bn \np Hcp A\p-{Klw e`n-m apv {]mnImcywXs ad-p-I-bpw,
Ahs amK-n\nv ap--hsc hgn-]n-g-n-p-Xn\p-thn Am-lp-hn\v kaamsc-bp-mpIbpw sNp-p. A-c-m-tcmSv \o ]d-bpI: \ns \ntj-[hpwsImv
A]Imew \o kpJn-p-I, \nbw \o \c-I-hm-kn-I-fn s]-h Xs-bm-Wv. apX^vô: 7, Ccw sXm-Sn-I-fpsS ItcJ kno-\n Xs-bm-Wv Fpw C^nXzm: 14-, \n-b-ambpw sXm-Sn-I \c-I-nse inm ItTm-c--fn-emWv Fp-w ]d-n-p-v. ^mPn-dns _lp-h-N-\-amWv ^pm Fnepw Cu kq--fn ]d
^pmdn I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw ^mPn-dp-Ifpw Ds-Sp-XmWv. _Jd: 67,39,254, BenCw-dm: 116,185 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
198. Fm X-fpsS DS-a-bmb \mYs\ lrZ-b-n kqnv `b-sv
Pohnph-cmtcm, Ahv Xmgv`m-K--fn-eqsS \Zn-I Hgp-In-sIm-n-cnp kzK-q-tm-p-I-fp-v. Ah-c-Xn \nXy-hm-kn-I-fp-am-bn-cn-pw.
Am-lp-hn-\np hncp-m-WXv. Am-lp-hn-s ]-ep-- Hm-Ipp
]pWym-m-v Ghpw Da-am-bn-p--Xv.
Ilv^v: 102-mw kqw Ah-km-\n-p-Xv, \nbw \mw Ccw Im^n-dp-Iv
\cIIpWvTw hncp-m-bn Hcp-n-sh-n-pv Fp]dpsImm-Wv (Ilv^v: 100-106 Iqnhm-bn-pI). 107, hniz-kn-p-I-bpw, kI- A\p-jvTn-p-Ibpw sNp--hv
^nZukv ]qtm-p-I hncp-m-bn e`n-p-sapw, Ckm: 5, \n-bw ]pWym-m Iqcw tNcp-h-bm-bn-p ]m\-]m-{Xfn\nv IpSn-p-hcmsWpw ]d-npv. apX-^v^nô: 22epw C^n-Xzm: 13-epw, \n-bw ]pWym-m- A\p-{K-l
380
JpB\ns Bmhv
tI-Zm-c-fnemWv Fpw, apX-^v^nô: 18-, ]pWym-m- Cn-o-\nemWv Fpw

]d-n-p-v. ChnsS ]d ]pWym-m-- hnNm-cW IqSmsX kzK-n t]mIp
km_n-Jo--fpw, hnNm-c-W-p-tijw kzK-n t]mIp he-Xp-]--mcpw IqSn-b
XmWv.
Am-lpth Rsf \o \ntj[n-Ifpw, \-s--h-cp-am-t, R-epsS aSw \o
\c-IIpWvT-n-te-m-p-I-bp-a-cp-tX, Rsf \o hnizm-kn-I-fpw, JpB ]n]thn[w ]n]-p ap-Jo--fpw, ]pWym-m--tfm-sSmw kzKn {]th-in-p-h-cp-am-t-W-ta. _Jd: 218, Ben-Cw-dm: 136 t\mp-I.
199. \n-bw thZ-m-cn Cn[w Nne-cp-v. Ah Am-lp-hns\smpw
\nv Cd--s--Xn-epw, Ahv Cd--s--Xnepw hniz-kn-p-p.
Ah Am- l p- h ns\ `b- s - S p- - h cpw, Am- l p- h ns kq-
Ipdhnev hnm--hcpamIp-p. Aq-v X-fpsS dn
sbSp Ah-cpsS {]Xn-^-e-ap-v. \nbw, Amlp hfscthKw
IWpt\mp--h Xs-bm-Ip-p.
CX-n\p-apv {Kw \In-b-h Jp-B-\n hniz-kn-p-sapw, Ah-cpsSta JpB kq-fpsS Bibw hmbnptIn-m Ah ]d-bpw: R CXn hnizknpIgn-p, \nbw CXv R-fpsS DS-a-bn\np kXywXs-bm-Wv, \nbw
R CXn-\pappw Am-lp-hn\v kkzw kan apkven-fm-bn-cp-p. Ah
am-ep-fpw Ghpw\Xv (Jp-B\ns Bi-bw)sImv Xnsb XS-bp-h
- cpw Ahv
\mw \In-b-Xn\nv sNe-h-gn-p--h-cp-am-bXpsImv Aq-v cncn {]Xn-^-eap-v (Jkkv: 5155 t\mp-I). ap thZ-m-cmb PqX-cn\npw ss{IkvX-hcn \npap hnizm-kn-I-fpsS kz`m-h-amWv ChnsS hnhcnXvv. AXn PqX-cn\np--h Ipd
hpw, ss{IkvX-h-cn \nph IqSp-X-ep-am-bn-cp-sv amCZ: 82- \nv a\-n-emmw
(amCZ: 83-85 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Cv thZw Jp-B am{X-amWv. AXns\ aqSn-sh-pIbpw
Ifhmn Xn--d-bp-Ibpw sNp--h Xs-bmWv \c-I-ns Ah-Im-in-I-sfv amCZ:
10,86 ]d-np-v.
"Am-lp-hns\ `b-s-SpI' Fp]d-m, Am-lp-hns\ ImWmsXIv Ah
Ctmp ImWp-pv F t_m[-n Fm-bvtmgpw \ne-sIm-p-Ibpw Ahs
apn ]Xn-\v hb-n\ptij-ap Pohn-X-nse Hmtcm \nan-jspdnpw Dcw
]d-b-sW-sa t_m[-w Pohn-Xn-ep-S-\ofw Dm-bncn-pI FpamWv. X-fpsS \akvIm-c-n Am-lp-hns\ `b-s-Sp hnizm-kn-I \nbw hnPbwhcn-n-cn-pp
Fv apAvan\q: 12 kq--fn-epw, \nbw hniz-kn-p-Ibpw kI- A\pjvTn-p-Ibpw sNp-h
- cmWv Poh-Pm-e
- f
- nshv Ghpw \ krjvSn-Is
- f-pw, Ahv
Xmgv`m-K--fn-eqsS \Zn-I HgpInsImn-cn-p \nXy-amb kzKq-tm-p-I {]Xn^-e-ambn e`n-p-sa-pw, Ah-c-Xn Fspw imiz-X-ambn hkn-p-sa-pw, Amlp
Ah-sc-smpw Ah Ah-s\-smpw Xr]vXn-s-p-shpw AXmWv Xs dns\ `bs-v Pohn--h\v e`n-pI Fv _-n\: 78 kq--fnepw ]d-np-v. ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn
Is\ ImWmsXIv `b-s-Sp-I-bpw, Bhn-m-hnv Ah-t\mSv tJZnpaS-p-Ibpw,
kn-Zp CkvXnKv^m {]m\ apS-msX kqn-p-Ibpw, Am-lp-hn-tepXs
Xncn-p-t]m-IW
- s
- a lrZ-bt- mSpIqSn \ne-sImpIbpw sNp ap-Jo-v Ay-
Ben-Cw-dm (3)
381
\m-fn hfsc hnZqc-a-msX kzKw ASp-n-p-sav Jm^v: 31-33 ]d-n-p-v (bmko:

11, apIv: 12 kq- Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
"Amlp hfsc thKw IWpt\mp--h-\mWv' Fp]d--Xv, Iyqdns
{]h\w a\-n-em-nb Cm-es Bfp-Iv thK-n a\-n-em-tI--Xm-Wv.
CkvdmAv: 13-14 Fma\p-jycpw Ah-cpsS `mKt[bw (ItcJ) Ah-cpsS ]nc-Sn-bn
hln-p-p-s-pw, Ay-\m-fn {]Im-in-p HcpXpd ]pkvX-I-ambn AXv hmbnm e`n-p-sa-pw, Ah-c-h-cpsS hnNm-cW Ahch Xs \S-pXmsWpw ]dbp-p. AYhm Fma\p-jycpw Ah-cpsS tkm^vvshb (I-yq--dns Bmhv) ]nc-Snbn hln-p-p-v. Ben-Cw-dm: 19, amCZ: 4, C_vdm-low: 51, apAvan: 17 Fo kq \nbw, Amlp AXn-thKw IW-p-I t\mp--h-\mWv F Bi-b-nemWv
Ah-km-\n-pXv (Ilv^v: 49, apAvan\q: 62, Pmknb: 28-29, bmko: 12, \_-Av: 29
kq- Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 37,39,4546,79,159-161, Ben-Cw-dm: 5253,187 hni-ZoI-cWw t\mp-I.
200. Hm hnizm-kn-Itf, \n a-tbmsS hn-p-I, asImv Iev]npI.
lrZ-b- ]c-kv]cw _n-X-ambn Hs-mbn \ne-sIm-pI, \n
Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-b-n kqn-p-Ibpw sNp-I, \n hnP-bw-h-cnp--h Xs-bm-bn-cn--W-sa--Xn\pthn.
lv: 77- Amlp hnizm-kn-Isf hnfnv ]d-bpp: \n Ip\n-bp--h-cm-hp-I,
kmmwKw {]Wanp--h-cm-hpI, \nfpsS \mYs {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmbn Pohn-p--h-cmhpI, \n Ghpw \ {]h-\- sNpI\n- hnPbw hcn-p--h Xsbm-bn-cnWsa-Xn\v thn. bqkp-^v: 18-,83 kq--fn bAvJq_v \_n ]d-bpp:
Atm `wKn-bmbn an-pIXs, AmsX ap-\nm-l-sam-p-an--tm. Alv:
4142, anp-Ibpw Fmw X-fpsS \mY-\n `c-ta]n-p-Ibpw A{I-an--s--Xn\p-tijw X-fpsS \mSpw hoSpw shSnv lnPvd t]mhpIbpw sNbvXhv, Cl-n
Xs Amlp \ Hcp-n-sIm-Sp-p--Xm-Wv Fv DWn-bn-cn-p-p, ]c-n-ep
{]Xn-^-e-am-Is, Ghpw hep-Xp-am-sWv ]d-n-p-v. Jm^v: 39- Amlp \_ntbmSv ]d-bpp: Atm \ntj-[n-I ]d-bp--Xn \o an-p-I, \ns \mYs\
{]`mXn\pappw sshIp-tc-n\pappw kvXpXn-p--tXm-sSmw hmgvpIbpw
sNpI. Adqw: 60- Amlp ]d-bpp: Atm \o an-p-I, Am-lp-hns
hmKvZw kXyw Xs-bm-Ip-p, ZrV-t_m-[y-an-m--h \ns Zp_e-\m-mXn-cnpIbpw sN-s. Ckm: 24 ]d-bpp: Atm \o \ns \mYs hn[n-p-thn
a-tbmsS Imn-cn-p-I. Ah-cn\np bmsXmcp Ip-hm-fn-sbbpw \ntj-[n-sbbpw
A\p-k-cn-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNpI Fv. Ime-amWv kXyw, hniz-kn-p-Ibpw kI A\p-jvTn-p-Ibpw kXyw (JpB) sImpw a-sImpw D]-tZ-in-pIbpw
sNp--h-scm-gnsIbp Fm a\p-jycpw \-n-em-Ipp Fv kqd: AAkzdn
]d-np-v. (_eZv: 17-18 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
(dm-_n-Xzq) Fp-]-d--Xns hn-h-, Jp-B-\m-Ip Ib-dp-sImv lrZb
]c-kv]cw _n-v H a\pw ico-c-hp-ambn \ne-sIm-pI Fm-Wv. _Jd: 5,145148,153157,189, Ben-Cw-dm: 103 t\mp-I. Cu kqw ]mcm-bWw sNp-tm Cs\
JpB\ns Bmhv
382
{]mn-t--Xm-Wv:
Am-lpth, Rsf \o hnizm-kn-If
- pw, kI- sNp k\fpw
am-ep--fpw, lrZ-b- _n-X-ambn H-s-mbn \ne\np--hcpw, \ns [mcmf-ambn kvacn-p--hcpw, \n\v \n{]-I-Sn-n-p--hcpamtW-ta. R-fpsS ]mZsf Dd-np\np-Ibpw kXy-\n-tj-[n-I-fmb P\-Xsbsmv Rsf klm-bn-pIbpw sNt-W-ta. Rsf \o Jp-B\ns\ ]n]thn[w ]n]-p--hcpw ap-Jo-tfmSpw hnP-bn-I-tfmSpw IqsS kzK-n {]th-in-p--h-cp-am-t-W-ta. \ns almb Imcp-Wyw-sImv, Hm! IcpW sNp--hcn Ghpw\mbn Icp-W- sNpht\.
Ben-Cw-dm: 190 apX 200 hsc-bp Ahkm-\-`mKw \_n (k) Fm Znh-khpw
Dd-n\nv Fgp-t-bpSs\ BZy-ambn BIm-i-tv t\mn-sImv Xnem-hv
sNbvXn-cp--Xm-Wv. hnizm-kn-Ifpw A{]-Imcw sNt--Xm-Wv.
An-km-Av (4)
383
4. AnkmAv
Cu kqdv, aZo-\-bn lnPvd aqmw hj-mh-km-\w apX Amw hj-ns
BZywhsc-bp Ime-L-
- f
- n hyXykvX k`-f
- n-embn AhX-cn-X
- m-Ip-p Fgp]Xv
apkvenw `Sam h[n--s DlvZv bp-n-\ptijw Ah-X-cn Cu kqd-n AhcpsS A\m-Y-I-fmb Ipn-I-sfbpw, AK-Xn-I-sfbpw kw_-n \nb-a-, A\--c-hmImi\n-b-a- XpS-nb \nb-a Ah-X-cn-p-I-bp-m-bn. bp-th-f-bnse \a-kvImcspdn-p kqw Ah-X-cn-Xv lnPvd 4mw hjn \S "Zmp-cn-JmAv'
bp-kw-`-h-nepw, sh-ns A`m-h-n ap-sImv XShn ipo-I-cn-v (X-bpw)
\akvIcn-m-sav A\p-hmZw e`-n-Xv lnPvd 5mw hjn \S "_\papkvXz-eJv'
bp-Im-e-pam-bn-cp-p.
C_v\p akvD
- uZv (d) ]d-bp-p: An-km-Ce
- p 31,40,46,48,116 Fo Av kq
F\nv hfsc Ffp-hpw, Zp\n-bmhpw AXn-ep-Xpw e`n--Xp-t]m-se-bpam-Wv. hnhm-ltam-N-\-ns hnh-[-L--, hnhmlw \njn--amb kv{XoI-fpsS ]nI, bYm-n
ep kXy-\n-tj-[n-I-fpsS ]nI, A-`n-kw-t_m[\ \nb-a-, ap\m-^n-Jp-I-tfmSp
s]cp-am--Nn--I, thZ-m-cpsS X\n-\n-dw, Jp-B kq-sf Xn--d-m-ep inbpsS Kuc-hw, Hcp hnizm-knsb bp-n A_-n h[n-m-ep {]mb-n
\nb-a- XpS-nb Imcy- {]Xn-]m-Zn-p kq--fpw, kv{XoI-sfbpw IpnIsfbpw
Zp_-e-scbpw kwc-n-p--Xn\pthn hnizmkn-Isf bp-n\v t{]cn-npsImp
kq- , ]nim- N ns\ ]cn- N - b - s - S p- p kq- , Cukm \_nsb ico- c tmSpIqSn Amlp Ah-\n-tev Dbn-b-Xm-sW-pw, cm-aXv `qan-bn hv Atlns bYm-a-c-W-n\papv thZ-m At-l-n hniz-kn-p-sapw ]d-bp
kqw, Jp-B a\p-jyv samw sXfnhpw hy-amb {]Im-i-hp-am-sWv ]d-bp
kqw XpSn hnhn[Imcy- ]Tn-n-p \qn-sb-gp-]-mdv kq- Cu kqdn AS-n-bn-p-v.
1.
Hm a\p-jy-tc, \n \nfpsS DS-a-bmb \mYs\ kqn-p-hn. Ah
\nsf H Bm-hn\nv krjvSn-p-Ibpw AtX Bm-hn\nv Xs
AXns CWsbbpw krjvSnp-I-bpw, Ah cn\np-ambn [mcmfw
]pcp-jam-sc-bpw, kv{XoI-sfbpw temIv ]c-p-Ibpw sNbvX-h-\m-Wv.
GsXm-cp-hs\pdn-mtWm \n tNmZn--s-Sp-I, B Am-lp-hns\
\n kqn-p-I, K`-]m-{X--sfbpw (kqn-p-I). \nbw Amlp
\n-fpsSta kZm \nco-n-p-sIm-n-cn-p--h-\m-Ip-p.
a\p-jy-scmw (\^vkv) krjvSnsXv kzKn-em-Wv. Aw-kv: 1 apX 6 hscbp kq--fn {]Xy--amb Bdv Imcy-sfkq-cy-\m-Wv,- A-Xns NqtS-dnb {]Imi-am-Wv, AXns\ XpSphcp N{\pw AXns tim`-bm {]Im-i-hpam-Wv, ]I-
384
Jp- B - \ ns Bmhv
ens {]Xy--s-S-em-Wv, cm{Xn-bpsS Ccp aqS-em-Wv, taem-mbn kwhn[m\n BImi-am-Wv, H-I-]-n-bpsS ap-bpsS BIr-Xn-bn kwhn-[m-\n `qan-bmWvB-W-bnpsImv
710 kq--fn {kmhv ]d-bp-p: \^vkv AXns\ kp-e-\-s-Spn, Hmtcm
\^vkn\pw AXns sXm-Sn-hpw `b-`-nbpw \In. \^vkns\ Xn-cn--dnv ipoI-cn--h hnPbnp. AXns\ Xncn-dn-bmsX Zpjn-n--h ]cm-P-b-s-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp.
BWn\pw s]n\pw \^vkv HpXs-bm-Wv. AAvdm^v: 189, kpa: 6 Fo kq-fn "Ah-\mWv \nsf H-\-^vkn\nv krn-Xv'Fp-]-d-n-p-v. H\^v
kn\nmWv B \^vkn\pth CWbmb lmsb krjvSn--Xv. amXmhpw ]nXm-hpan-m Am-lp-hns krjvSn-p-Zm-l-c-W-amWv BZsan amXm-hn-m krn-pZm-l-c-W-am-Wv l. ]nXm-hn-m Am-lp-hns krjvSn-p-Zm-l-c-W-amWv Cuk (A),
At-l-ns icocw "Dm-hpI' F hN-\-am-sW-pw, dqlv Fm-h-cp-sSbpw t]mse
Am-lp-hn-tXmsWpw kqw 171 ]d-bp-p-v. ]pcp-j\pw kv{Xobpw ]pWpsIm-p Am-lp-hns krjvSn-n-\p-Zm-l-c-W-amWv ap a\p-jy-sc-mw.
lnPv: 26mw kq-{]-Imcw apn-bm i_vZ-ap-m-p ZpKw han-p Hn-]nSn-p Idp IfnapsImmWv BZ-ans icocw Dm-n-b-Xv (kPZ: 7 Iqn-hm-bnp-I). ]ns Ahs\ cq]-s-Spn {kjvSm-hns dqlv (Po-h+Bm-hv) AXn
CuXn (lnPv: 29, kzmZv: 72 t\mp-I). Ah-fn\nv Ah-fpsS CWsb krjvSnp
Fp]d--Xn \nv \^vkn \nmWv \^vkn-\p-th CW-bp-m-nbsXmWv.
Adqw: 21- Amlp ]d-bpp: Ahs Zrm-
- f
- n s]XmWv Ah \n-fn\nv
\n-fpsS CW-I-sf- D-m-n-b-Xv, \n Ah-fn- ebnp-tNv imn t\Sp--Xn-\pth-n. \nn-S-bn Ah kvt\lhpw Imcp-Wy-hp-apmn. BWn-sbpw s]nsbpw \^vkn-s\bpw kv{Xosbbpw kv{XobpsS ico-c-sbpw kv{Xoenw-K-n-epw,
]pcpjs\bpw ]pcpjs ico-cs
- bpw ]pnw-K
- n-ep-amWv ]cm-ain-p--Is
- bv {]tXyIw
{in-p-I. _-Jd: 286 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I
kPZ: 79 Amlp ]d-bpp: a\p-jys krnv Bcw-`n-Xv Ifn-a-n \nmWv. ]ns Ahs hwi-]-c-c A[-a-amb sh-ns kn \nmn. ]ns
AXns\ cq]-s-Sp-n, Ah-\n Ahs (A-m-lp-hn-s) dqln\nv Bhm-ln-n-pIbpw
sNbvXp. BZy-]n-Xmhpw amXmhpw an \np ans Xs LS-I--fS-nb
`-W]
- Z- m- `n-p, AXn \nv c-ap-m-bn, AXns kn\nv {kmhv
kpc-n-X-amb m\v C{n-bs (\pXzv^) cq]-s-Sp-n. apAvan\q: 12-13 kq-fn Amlp ]d-bpp: \n-bw, a\p-jys\ \mw Ifn-a-ns kn\nmWv krnXv. ]ns \mw kpc-n-X-amb m\v Ahs C-{nbs cq]-s-Sp-n. ]nXmhpw
amXmhpw ]pW-cp-tm (A-Avdm^v: 189) ]nXm-hns kzp_v \npw, amXm-hns
(Xdm-C-_v)\npw sXdn-p-ho-gp (A-zmcnJv: 57) sh-ns Awiw amXm-hns
K`-]m-{X-n (\pXzv^x)bmbn \mev]Xv Znhkw, ]ns (A-e-Jx)bmbn \mev]Xv Znhkw
]ns (apfv-Kx)-bmbn \mev]Xv Znhkw Ign--tijw ]nXm-hns apXp-In-ep \^vkns\
aepaptJ\ amXm-hns K`-]m-{X-n-ep, \mepamkw Ign, hnhn-[L
- -
- XcWw
sNbvX \pXzv^bn Bhm-ln-n-p-p (apAvan\q: 14, lv: 5 t\mpI). Ckm:
2 Amlp ]d-bpp: \nbw \mw a\p-jys\ krn-Xv an{in-X-amb (]p-cp-j-sbpw
kv{Xobp-sS-bpw) \pXzv^bn\nmWv\apv Ahsc ]co-n-p--Xn-\p-th-n. Atm
An-km-Av (4)
385
\mw Ah\v tIhnbpw ImgvNbpw {]Zm\w sNbvXp. (^mXzn: 11, apAvan: 67, Jnbma:
3740 XpS-nb kq- Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). ]nXm-hns \pXzv^bn \nmWv FpIfpw
\mUn-Ifpw cq]-s-Sp--sX-n amXm-hns \pXzv^bn \nmWv chpw amwkhpw
cq]-s-Sp--sXv PqXs tNmZy-n\v adp-]-Snbmbn \_n (k) ]Tn-n-p-I-bp-m-bn.
BZ-an-s\bpw l-sbbpw ico-c-tmSpIqSn (BZw kXnIsf apgp-h\pw BZans apXp-In shpsImv) Imns Xmfm--I-X-bn Amlp kzK-n \nv
`qan-bn-te-n-d-n. Im-ns KXn-hn-KXnIfn Nnn-p P\-Xv ZrjvSm--apv Fv
_Jd: 164, Pmknb: 5 kq--fn ]d ZrjvS---fn CXpw Ds-Sp--Xm-Wv.
]ns BZw asf \qlns Ien c-s ]pcp-jam-cpsS apXp-In-em-n (CkvdmAv: 3, adn-bw: 58, bmko: 41) Ckm: 1 Amlp tNmZn-pp: a\pjy\n Ah
Hman-n--s-Sm AIm-e-amb Hcp Ime-Lw Ign-p-t]m-bn-n-tbm? _Jd: 28,98
Ddw Hcp sNdnb ac-W-am-Wv. Dd--nepw ac-W-nepw Amlp \^vkns\
Xncn-s-Sp-p-p. Dd-n ]nSn-s-Sp \^vkns\ acWw hn[n-m--hv, \nbn--s Ah-[n-hsc Xncn-p-sIm-Sp-p-p (ABw: 60, kp-a: 42 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
Atm Dd-hpw ac-Whpw Xn-ep-- hy-XymkwD-d--n \^vkv am{Xw t]mIp-p,
Poh t]mIp-n Fm ac-W-n \^vkpw Poh\pw t]mIp-p. ico-c-n \nv
dqlv t]mIp--Xns\ acWw Fp]d-bp-p (Ckvdm-Av: 85 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
GsXm-cp-hs\pdn-mtWm \n tNmZn--s-Sp-I, B Am-lp-hns\ \n
kqn-p-I, K`-]m-{X--sfbpw (kqn-p-I) FXn\v GXv Am-lp-hns\ ap\nnbmtWm \n ]c-kv]cw Ah-Imi tNmZn-p--Xv, B Am-lp-hns\ kqnpI Fpw, IpSpw-_-_-w kqn-pI Fpw Bi-b-ap-v. Am-lp-hns\pdnmWv
J_-dnshp BZys tNmZyw. Atm a\p-jys Pohn-X-eyw Jp-B\ns
Bi-b-n-eqsS Am-lp-hns\ Is-emIpp. ssIIm-ep-Ifpw sXmen-I-fpw, K`-]m{X-fpw AXns DS-a-bpsS Iev]-\-{]-Imcw hn[n-Zn-hkw Ahs apn AXns
dnmUv kan-p--Xm-Wv (^pn-ev: 19-24, bmko: 65, Aq: 24, knkm: 4
Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). \nbw "Amlp \n-fpsSta kZm \nco-n-p-sIm-n-cn-p--h\m-Ip-p' Fp-]-d-Xn \npw ap-Jo- Ahs\ ImWp-n-s-nepw, Am-lpCtmp ImWp-p-v F t_m[-n Fmbv-tmgpw \ne-sIm-p-Xm-Wv. Ah-
Am-lp-hns {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fp-am-Wv. Am-lp-hns\ adv Pohn-p--h-scmw Ah-c-hsc
ad sXm-Sn-I-fpw ]nim-Nns {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fp-amWv. _Jd: 99,112,255, Ben-Cw-dm: 5
2.
\n A\m-Y-Iv Ah-cpsS [\w Xncn-p-sIm-SppI. \n ]cn-ip-am-b-Xns\ t-amn-amm-Xn-cn-pI. \n Ah-cpsS apX \n-fpsS

apX-ep-ambn tNv Xnm-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNpI. \nbw AXv hn
A]-cm[w XsbmIp-p.
A\m-Y-I-fpsS apX Ah-cpsS Ipn-m-ev \n ssIImcyw sNp-Ibpw, {]mb]qn-bm-Ip-tm AXv Ahv Xncnp\Ip-I-bpw, AXn\v kmyw hln-npIbpw
386
Jp- B - \ ns Bmhv
sNW-sav 6mw kq-nepw ]d-n-p-v. \njn--amb [\w AYhm ]en-i, NqXmw,

I--S-v, ]qgvn-sh-v, Icn- XpS-nb \njn--amb hgnbneqsS km-Zn [\w
\nfpsS A\p-h-Z-\o-b-amb [\-n Iqn-tv Xnv icocw ldm-am--cp-Xv. A\mY-I-fpsS [\w Xnp-h X-fpsS hb-n XobmWv \nd-p--sXv 10mw kqn ]d-n-p-v. Jp-B aqSn-sh-p--h-cpw, Ipd--hn-ev hnv Xnp--hcpw
X-fpsS hb-dp-I-fn XobmWv \nd-p--sXv _Jd: 174epw ]d-npv. kz^^vv:
23, \n FmWv {]hn-m-Xv ]d-bpXv? hnizm-kn-Itf {]hn-m-Xv
]d-bp-Xv Am-lp-hnbSp- im]w e`n-p hn IpamWv Fp]d-n-p-v.
]d-bp-Xv {]hn-m-Xn-cn-pI FXv I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS kz`m-h-am-Wv. amCZ:
100, Amlp \_n-tbmSp ]d-bm Iev]np-p: ]cn-ip--am-b-Xpw, t-am-bXpw kaam-hp-I-bn-, tam-b-Xns B[nIyw \ns F{X B-cy-sSp-n-bmepw icn. _pnamamtc \n Am-lp-hns\ kqn-p-I, \n hnPbw hcn--W-sa--Xn\pthn.
]cn-ip--ambhN-\ws\ `qan-bn Bn-d-nb thcp-I-tfmSp IqSn-bXpw imJ-I
A-co--n ]c-p-In-S-p--Xpw, (d-ns k-X-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn) Fm-Im-epw
AXns ]g- \Ip--Xp-amb Hcp hS-hr--tm-Sp-]-an-n-cn-p-p (C_vdm-low: 2425). 26 t-amb hN-\wsb `qan-bpsS apI-fn-ep bm-sXmcp nc-X-bp-an-m IfItfmSp]-an-n-cn-p-p. AXp-t]mse ]cn-ip-am Bbn-c-n Ht Dm-hp-I-bpq, _mn sXmm-bn-cn sXmq-n-sbm-Xpw tamcpw \c-I-n-te-p--hcp-ambn-cn-pw. ]cn-ip--amb hN-\-sImv nc-s-Sp-p {]h-\- am{Xta
Am-lp-hn-tev DbsSpIbpq Fv ^mXzn: 10 ]d-n-p v (J-kz-kv: 5153 t\mp-I). ]cn-ip--amb hN\w Jp-B am{X-am-Wv. (_Jd: 168,186,188 hni-Zo-IcWw t\m-p-I).
Cv A\m-Y-Isf hfp--Xn\pthn Jp-B\n-s hn[n-hn-e-p-Iv hncp-ambn A\m-Yi
- m-eI
- \nn-p-Ib
- pw,c Rm\pw A\m-YI
- sf kwc-n-p-h
- \pw kzKnen--s\-bm-sWv Nqp-hn-c-epw, \Sp-hn-cepw ImWnp \_n (k) ]Tn-n--Xn kmbqPyw-sIm-pIbpw sNp A\m-Y-imem `mc-hmlnI Ahn-Sps At-hm-kn-I-fpsS
Imcy-n kqvaX ]pep-n-. \n Ah-cpsS apX \n-fpsS apX-ep-ambn
tNv Xnm-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNpI, AXv hn A]cm[w Xs-bm-Ipp F Iev]\
Ah-K-Wn-p-sImv A\m-Y-I-fpsS t]cn ]ncnhp\Sn Io-j]n hb-dp-I-fn Xo\ndp--h-cmWv Ah-cne[n-I-hpw. A\m-Y-im-e-I-fn Ah {]Ir-Xnv hncp--amb {]h\--fpw, ap -Zp-o-e--fp-amWv hfnsmncn-p--Xv. CXn-s\mw Im-c-Ww ]cn-ip- h-N-\--fmb Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n\nv AIXmWv. _Jd: 220 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
3.
A\m-Y-I-fpsS Imcy-n \oXn-]men-m \nv km[n-p-I-bn-sv

`b-s-Sp-I-bm-sW-n \nv CjvS-ap kv{XoI-fn \nv Cuc-tm,
apq-tm, \mtem t]sc hnhmlw sNbvXpsImp-I. Fm AhnS-bn \oXn]men-m km[n-p-I-bn-sv `b-s-Sp-I-bm-sW-n Hcp
kv{Xosb am{Xw hnhmlw sNp-I. As-n \n-fpsS hewssI A[o\-s-Sp-nb kv{XoIsf `mcy-am-cm-p-I. AXmWv \n AXn-{I-a-n
An-km-Av (4)
387
\nv ap-am-hm Ghpw DNn-X-am-bn-p--Xv.

Pmln-en-m Imev Hmtcmcp-pw ]tm AXn-e[n-Itam `mcy-am-cp-m-bn-cpp.
sshhm-lnI Pohn-X-n kv{XoIv e`n-p A\oXn apnIn-m-bn-cpp
Alv: 58-59 kq--fn ]d--Xp-t]mse s]Ip-n-I P\n-m amXm-]n-Xm Poh-t\msS Ipgn-p-aq-Sn-bn-cp-X
- v. Cu kqw `mcy-am-cpsS Fw \membn Npcpm\pw,
Ah-nS-bn \oXn-bn hn-m km[n-p-n-s-n Hcp kv{Xosb am{Xw hnhmlw
Ign-m\pw Iev]n-p-I-bm-Wv sNp--Xv. A\m-Y-I-fmb s]Ip-n-Isf]n Bcpw tNmZnm-\ntm Fp-I-cp-Xn- AhcpsS [\hpw ku-cyhpw Iv Ahsc hfnbn-cp-h, hnhmlaqeywt]mepw \ImsX hnhmlw sNp-Ibpw AhtcmSv ]e-hn-[-nep
A\oXnI ImWnp-Ibpw sNbvXncp p. A\m-Y-I-fmb s]Ip-n-I-tfmSv \oXn-bn
hnm\mhpn-s-n Ahsc hnhm-lw sN-cpXv Fpw, A\m-Y-Isf F Hcp
Imc-W-h-imepw \men IqSpX kv{XoIsf hnhml_-n \ne-\n-cp-sX-pw
Cu kqw Iev]n-p-p (kqw 127 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
A\m-Y-I GXp kv{XoI-fpsS IqsS-bmtWm B kv{XoIsf hnhmlw sNbvXnsnepw A\m-Y-Isf kwc-n-Wsav Cu kqw ]Tn-n-pp. As\ A\m-Y-I
Ah-cpsS ]nXm--fpsS A`m-h-n amXm--fpsS kwc--W-n- XsbmWv hf-tc
-Xv. A\m-Y-I-sfbpw, AK-Xn-I-fmb Ah-cpsS amXm-sfbpw kwc-ntXv kaqlns _m[y-X-bm-Wv. Fm- CXn\v hn]-co-X-ambn A\m-Y-im-e-I Dm-p-Ibpw,
AhnsS A\m-Y-Isf Ah-cpsS amXm--fn\npIqSn A-In, IqSp-X \mY-\n-m-bva-bntev Xnhn-Sp k{-Zm-b-amWv \S-n-ep--Xv. Fm Xn-Ifpw Zpo-e-fpw A\m-Yim-e-I-fn\nv ]pd-p-h-cp A\m-Y-Ihgn kaq-l-n ]S-psIm-ncnp-p.
bp--n _n-I-fmbn ]nSn--s kv{XoIsf `c-Wm-[n-Imcn (t\-Xm-hv) kwc-W-n\pthn Gn--s--h-cm-Wv "\n-fpsS hewssI A[o-\-s-Sp-nb kv{XoI'
Fp-]-d-bp--Xv. apAvan\q: 56, hnPbwhcn-p hnizm-kn-I-fpsS kz`mhw ]d-Iq--n Ah X-fpsS `mcy-am-cnepw As-n hewssI A[o-\-s-Sp-nb kv{XoIfnepsam-gnsI X-fpsS Kply-m-\
- kqn-p-h
- c
- p-am-Wv. Atm Ah- Hcmt]-n\pw Al-c Fp]-d-n-p-v. \q: 32-33, \n-fnse Ahn-hm-ln-X-I-sfbpw
\nfpsS A[o-\X
- b
- nep k-\
- f
- mb ]pcp-jam-scbpw ASn-ak
- v{Xo-Is
- fbpw \n
hnhmlw sNn-n-p-I. Ah Zcn{Zcm-sW-n, Amlp Ah-s A\p-{Kln\nv
Ahsc k--cm-p--Xm-sWv ]d-n-p-v. hnhm-lw sNp--Xn\v kmn-I-tijn-bn-m--h Amlp-hns HuZm-cy-n\nv Ahs\ sFiz-cy-hm-\m-p-Xphsc
Ah-s kZm-Nmcw Imp-kq-n-p-sIm-p PohnXwsImv Xr]vXn-s-S-s. tamN-\
]{Xw Fgp-Xn-n-m B{K-ln-p ASn-av, AXn h\-bp-ap-s--dn-m
Ahv tamN-\-]{Xw Fgp-Xn-sm-Sp-p-I-bpw, \n-v Amlp \Inb A\p-{K-lfn\nv Ahv \Ip-Ibpw sNp-I. Nmcn-{Xy-h-Xn-I-fmb ASn-a-kv{Xo-Isf sFln-Iem`w tamlnv thiymhr-nv \n_-n-pI-bpa-cp-Xv. \n-fpsS \n_--n\v hnt[bam-bnsm-mWv Ah Acw {]hr-n-I sNp--sX-n Amlp Ahv
s]mdp-p-sIm-Sp-p--Xm-Wv. Amlp Gsd s]mdp-p--h\pw Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[n-bp-amIpp.
Fm Cv bpan Fn-cns he-XpssI A[o-\-am-nb kv{XoI-fp-an-. Cv Jp-
388
Jp- B - \ ns Bmhv
B aqSn-sh--h-tcmSv Jp-BsImp PnlmZv am{X-am-Wp--Xv (^pJm: 52). _Jd:

177,185 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
C_vdm-low: 1 Amlp ]d-bpp: Cu {K-an-d-n-bXv P\-sf A-Im-c-f-n\nv {]Im-i-n-tev Ah-c-h-cpsS \mYs CwKn-X-tm-Sp-IqSn ]pd-s-Sp-hn-p-Xn\pthn-bm-Wv (_Jd: 213 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). Fm Jp-B Ah-X-cn-n
Dt-iy-n\v hncp--ambn AXns Bi-bw ]Tn-m {ian-msX Jp-B-\ns icocw
Xnp--h, "hnn\nv Av sXdn-p thK-n Zo\n\nv sXdn-p-t]m-Ip'-sav
\_n (k) ]Tn-n-Xv apJ-hn-e-s-Sp-pn-. Ah-cpsS {]h-\- Jp-B-\ns
hn[n-hn-e-p-Iv hncp--am-b-Xn-\m, Ah ]mcm-bWw sNbvX Jp-B AhsXnsc hmZn-p-I-bpw, kmn-\np-Ibpw sNp-sav \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. Pmlnen-n-te-pw, \mi-n-te-pw kaq-ls \bn-p Zpcm-Nm-c--fpw, A\m-Nm-c-fpw
amaq-ep-I-fpw \n sImp-\-S--cp-sX-pw, `mcy-amn-S-bn \oXn-]m-en-Wsapw,
kv{XoIsf Poh-t\msS Ipgn-paq-Sp Pmln-enm kwkvIm-cs hfmXncn--WsapamWv a\p-jytcmSv Cu kqw Iev]np--Xv (kqw 128-130 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Fm
hnizm-kn-I am{Xta Jp-B-\ns hn[n-hn-ep-I kzoI-cnp-I-bp-q.
4.
kv{XoIv Ah-cpsS hnhm-l-apeyw _m[y-X-bmbn IcpXn \n ktmj-tmsS sImSp-t--Xm-Ip-p. Fm kza-\-tmsS AhcXn\nv

Fs-nepw \nv hnpX-cn-Ib
- m-sW-n, bmsXmcp Ipd-nepw IqSmsX
ktm-j-]qw \n AXv `n-p-sIm-p-I.
GX-h--bnepw hnhm-l-aqeyw \I ]pcp-j\v \n_--am-Wv. kqw 25

B kv{XoI-fpsS hmSI (DPq-d-lp-) \n sImSp-pI FmWv ]d-n-p-Xv. ASna-kv{Xo-Isf hnhmlw sNpI-bm-sW-nepw hnhm-l-aqeyw \I \n_--amWv. IcpXnqn ISwhcp-n-shpI, Ir{Xn-a-amb _pn-ap-pmn `mcy-am-cpsS ]Ww BhiysSpI XpSnb {]Xy-amb t{]c-W-tbm, CWtNcp-tm `mcysb Xr]v-Xn-sSpp-Xn\pthn Ah-fpsS ]Ww Bh-iy-sp-sIm-p ]tcm-amb t{]c-Wtbm
IqSmsX `mcy-am kza-\-mse Ah-cpsS [\-n\nv \Ip-Xv am{Xta `mamv A\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-hp-I-bpq (kqw 34 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 188,229,236
5.
Amlp \n- f psS \ne- \ nn- m- [ m- c - a mnshn- p kns

ssIImcyw aqVamsc Gn-cpXv, Fm AXn\nv Ahsc `nn-p-Ibpw DSp-n-p-Ibpw sNpI. Ah-tcmSv \ymb-am-b-co-Xn-bn-ep
\-hmv ]d-bpIbpw sNp-I.
kv{XoI, Ipn-I, Ahn-thInI XpSn [\w ssIImcyw sNp-Xn Imcyti- j n- b n- m- - h - c psS [\w, Am- l p- h ns\ kmn\nn- s mv D- c - h m- Z n- tmSpIqSn Ah-c-h-cpsS [\wt]mse ]cn-]m-en--W-sa-pw, Ahv Bh-iy-ap `Whpw hkv{X-hpsamw AXn\nv \I-W-sapw Iev]n-pp. Ah-cpsSXs KpWn-\mWv Ah-cpsS [\w C{]-Imcw ssIImcyw sNp-sX [z\n-bn-ep hmp-I-fmbn-cn-Ww Ah-tcmSv ]d-tb--Xv. A\m-Y-I-fm-sW-nepw As-nepw [\w ssIImcyw
An-km-Av (4)
389
sNm D-ch
- m-Zn-a
- n-m hnVvVn-If
- mb Bfp-Isf AtXn-m ]mSn-. kv
a\p-jy-cpsS \ne-\nn-\p B[m-c-amWv. AXp-sImv \ns [\w \o [q-Snv
\in-n-pItbm, FpthW-sa-nepw tNbvtXm Fan Ahv hnpsImSp-,
Aam-\-mb JpB Gs-Sp hnizmknIv tbmPn--X- (kqw 135 Iqn-hm-bn
p-I).
6.
hnhm-l-{]m-b-am-Ip-Xphsc A\m-Y-I-sf \n ]co-n-psIm-n-cn-pI. Atm \nfh-cn XtSw (]-Iz-X) Is-nbm Ah-cpsS kv

Ahv \n Xncn-tn-p-I. Ah hfv hep-Xmbn X-fpsS
Ah- I miw tNmZn- p- s av `bv , \n Ah- c psS [\w \oXn- h nv
[qmbpw [rXn-bmbpw `n-p-Iq-Sm--XmWv. A\m-Y-I-fpsS [\w
ssIImcyw sNp--h k--\m-sW-n AhcpsS [\-n\nv Hpw
]msX Ah-tXpsImvXs Xr]vXn-s-Ss, Zcn-{Z-\m-W-ntem, Ah-cpsS[-\
- n\nv \ymb-amb coXn-bn-ep-Xpam{Xw `n-p-sIm-s
- . As\
Ah-cpsS [\w \nfhv Xncn-tnpsImSp-p-tm AXnsta
kmn-Isf \nt--Xm-Ip-p. IWpt\mp--Xn\v Amlp Xs
Ghpw aXn-bm-b-h-\m-Ipp.
A\m-Y-I hnhm-l-{]m-b-sa-n-bm Ah-cpsS [\ns ssIImcyw Gn-m

Ah {]m]vX-cmtWm Fv ]e-hn-[-nepw ]co-n--dn-tb-Xpv. Ah D-c-hm-Zn-an-mhtcm ]Iz-X-bn-mhtcm [q-Sn-p--h-tcm hnUvVn-I-tfm BsWv
t_m[y-s-Sp-IbmW-n Ah-cpsS [\w Ahpthn \nXs ssIImcywsNW-sav ap kq--n ]d-n-p-v. A\m-Y-I hfv hep-Xmbm Ah-cpsS
Ah-Imiw Ahsc Gntnh-cp-sav Icp-Xn, Atm-tgpw [rXn-bnepw [qmbpw
Ah-cpsS [\w sNe-h-gn-m-hp--X-. ssIIm-cy-Imhv k--\m-sW-n A\m-YI-fpsS [\-n\nv HpsaSpmsXs Ah-cpsS [\w ssIImcyw sN-Ww.
Amlp Ah\v \In-b-Xn Ah Xr]vXn-s-SpIbpw thWw. AXmWv am\yX AYhm
. [\w A\m-Y-Isf Xncn-tnp-tm kmn-Isf \np-Xv, AX-nsem-cp-Ip-dhpw
hcpnbnn-spw Ah-Imiw \oXn-]qw Xncntn-n-p-spw t_m[y-s-Spm\pw, `mhn-bn AXn-s\-p-dnv Hcp Ii-]nibpw Dmhm-Xn-cn-m-\p-am-Wv. {XnIm-em-\nbmb Amlp Fmw ]Xn-bn-cpv hon-p-p-s-pw, Hmtcm-cp-cpw ChnsS
Fsms {]hn-p-sav t\c-s-Xs \n-bnv (Ckvdm-Av 13mw kq-a-\p-kcnv) Ah-c-h-cpsS ]nc-Sn-bn _n--h-\m-sWmWv "IWpt\mm AmlpXs
aXn' FXns hnh-. AhX-s-bmWv \nsf A\m-Y-I-fpsS [\ns ssIImcyIm-fmbn \ntbmKn-Xpw. _Jd: 234,282, An-km-Av: 135 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-pI.
7.
amXm-]n-Xm-fpw IpSpw-_
- f
- n\nv ASphcpw hntpt]mb k-n
]pcpjamv hnln- X - a p- v . amXm- ] n- X m- fpw IpSpw- _ - - f n\nv
ASphcpw hntpt]mb k-n kv{XoIpw hnln-Xa
- p-v. AsX{X
Ipd--Xm-bmepw Asn IqSn-b-Xm-bmepw icn, Cu hnlnXw Amlp
\n-bn \n_--hn-ln-X-am-Ipp.
390
Jp- B - \ ns Bmhv
A\n-kvem-anI Imev kv{XoIv A\-ch-Imiapm-bn-cp-n- Fv am{Xa, kv{XoIsfs A\--cm-h-Imi kzmbn ]cn-K-Wn-pIbpw sNbvXn-cp-p
(Ankm-Av: 19,22 Iqn-hm-bn-pI). Atm amXm-]n-Xm-fpw ASp--_-p-fpw
hntpt]mb kznAsX{X Ipd--Xm-Wnepw IqSn-b-Xm-sW-nepwicnAXn
]pcp-jampw kv{XoIpw Amlp hnlnXw \n-bn-n-p-v.
8.
(A\--cm-h-Imiw) `mKw-sh-p-tm ASp--_-p--fpw, A\m-Y-I-fpw,

]mh--fp-samw kn-ln-X-cm-bm, B [\n\nv Ah-scbpw `nn-p-I-bpw, Ah-tcmSv \ymb-amb coXn-bn-ep hmp-I ]d-bp-Ibpw sN
pI.
9.
X-fp-sS ]nn Zp_-e-cmb asf hnt-pt]m-hptm `b-s-Sp-

Xpt]mse Ah-cpsS Imcy-nepw \n `b-s-Sp-I. Atm \n
Am-lp-hns\ kqn-p-Ibpw, t\sc-sNm-s-bp hmp-I ]d-bp-Ibpw
sNpI.
bYm-n `qan-bnep--Xns Ah-Imiw apgp-h\pw Am-lp-hn-\m-Wv. A\m-YI-sfbpw AK-Xn-I-sfbpw {]mam-Wn-am-sc-bpsamw \n-bn-p-Xpw Ah Xs-bm-Wv.
AXpsImv A\m-Y-I-fpw, AK-Xn-I-fpw, ]mh--fp-samw kzv hnln-Xw-sh-p-tm
kn-ln-X-cm-hp-I-bm-sW-n kzw apw Cu Ahhcma-tm Fv `b-sp
sImv kzw a-tfm-sSt]mse Ah-tcmSv s]cp-am-dWsapw, AmsX Ah hXn shdpv {]I-Sn-n-p-I-tbm, Ahsc ]gn-p-Itbm Zpjn-p-Itbm AcpXv FmWv
Amlp ]Tn-n-p--Xv. IqSmsX kv [q-Snv sNe-h-gn-msX av PohnXw
Ffp--amI-hn[w kv A\--cm-h-Im-i-ambn hntpt]mI-W-sapw Cu kqw
]Tn-np-pv. Fmw Am-lp-hns Xr]vXn-bn-em-bn-cn-pIbpw th-Ww. _Jd: 28,266267
hniZo-I-cWw t\m-pI.
10.
\nbw A\m-YI
- f
- psS [\w A{I-aa
- mbn Xnp-h
- c
- p-t- m, \nbw Ah
XfpsS hb-dp-I-fn XobmWv \nd-p--Xv. Bfn--p \c-I-n
Ah Icn--s-SpIsSpIXs sNpw.
A\m-Y-I-fpsS [\w Xnp-Xv Ggv hIp---fns]-Xm-sWv \_n (k) ]Tnn-n-pv. Xv `Ww Bh-iy-ap-m-bn-cns Am-lp-hns Xr]vXnam{Xw tamlnpsImv AK-Xn-I-sfbpw A\m-Y-I-sfbpw _n-I-sfbpw `n-n-p--h-cmWv ]pWymm--sf-pw, Am-lp-hns\ apJ{]k-XtbmsS Ah Ip-ap-psapw Ckm:
811 kq--fn ]d-n-p-v. Aplm: 6 {]hm-N-I (k)sb Amlp A\m-Y\mbn Fn--pshpw, 9 Atm \o A\m-Y-Isf shdp-p-Itbm Bn-b-I-pItbm
sN-cp-sXpw Iev]n-np-v. A\m-Y-I-tfmSpw AK-Xn-I-tfm-Spw ]mh--tfmSpw s]cp-am
td hn[n-hn-e-p-IfS-p Jp-B kq- aqSn-sh-p ap\m-^n-Jp-Ifpw, Ah
Ipd--hn-ev hnp-- ^mPndpIfpw XfpsS hb-dp-I-fn XobmWv \nd-p--sXv
_Jd: 174 ]d-n-p-v. _Jd: 159-161,220 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
11.
\n-fpsS km-\--fpsS Imcy-n Amlp \nsf D]-tZ-in-p-p:
An-km-Av (4)
391
]pcp-js hnlnXw cv kv{Xohnln-X-n\v Xpey-am-Ip-p. C\n (A-h-Imin-Ifmbn) ctm AXn-e-[n-Itam s]a-fmsW-n, \o hnt-pt]m-b
[\-ns aqn cv `mKw Ahp--Xm-Ip-p. C\n Hcp ]p{Xn am{Xam-sW-n ]IpXn Ahp--Xm-Wv. ]tc-X\v km-\ap Ah-bn
Ahs amXm-]n-Xmfn Hmtcm-c-cp-pw Ah hntpt]mb [\ns Bdn-semv e`n-p--Xm-Ip-p. C\n Ah\v km-\-an-m-Xn-cn-pIbpw, amXm-]n-Xm- am{Xw Ah-Im-in-I-fm-hp-Ibpw sNp-tm amXmhn\v aqn-semv \In-sImv Ahs ]nXmhv Ahs\ A\-csaSp-p-Xm-Wv. C\n Ah\v ktlm-Z-c-ktlm-Z-cnIfps-n Atm amXmhn\v
Bdn-semv e`n-p--Xm-Wv. (Cu hnln-X--sfmw \tI-Xv) ]tc-X
sNbvXnp hkzn--pI ]qn-bm-n-b-ti-jhpw Abm-fpsS t]cnep IS- hon-b-ti-j-hpam-Ip-p. \n-fpsS amXm-]n-Xm--fmtWm,
a-fmtWm D]-Im-c-n Ghpw \n-tfmSSp-hscv \ndnhn-.
AXp-sImv Cu hnlnXw Am-lp-hn\npXmIpp. \nbw, Amlp
k-m-\nbpw bpn-m-\n-bp-w Xsb-tm.
kqw 34 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. Ckvem-an kv{XoIfpw afpaS-p IpSpw-_-ns
sNe-hp-I hln-t-Xv `m-hm-sW-nepw ]nXm-hm-sW-nepw ]pcp-js IS-a-bmWv.
AXpsIm-mWv A\--cm-h-Im-i-n kv{XoI-fpsS Cc-n-hn-lnXw ]pcp-j\v \Inbnp-Xv. a-fn-m aI\mWv acn-pt]mb-sX-n, ]nXm-hn\v thsd afpap-s-n
amXm-hn\v Bdn-sem-mbn Npcp-n-bXv a-fpsS _m[yX ]nXm-hn\mb-Xn-\m-em-Wv.
av ]nXmhv acn--Xn\ptij-a-msX A\--cm-h-Imiw e`n-p-I-bn-. ]nXm-hpmbncns aI acn-m aIs av ]nXmh-ns A\--cmh-Imiw e`n-p-I-bn-.
Fm kzns aqn-semcp`mKwhsc aIs a-fpsS km-nI Ah-bpw apw
]cn-K-Wn-psImv ]nXmal\v hkzn-v sNm-hp--Xm-Wv. \c-Ihpw kzKhpsamw
Hmtcmcp-cpw ]Wn-tb--Xm-Wv. Am-lp-hns hn[n-hn-e-p-I am\n-psImv Amlp-hn\pthn am{Xw Pohn-p Ahs {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmb hnizm-kn-Iv am{Xta Cu
hn[n-hn-e
- p-Is
- fmw \oXn-]q-Iambn tXmp-Ib
- p-q. AXpsIm-mWv Amlp Fmw
Adn-bp k-m-\nbpw bp-nm-\n-bp-am-sWpw, \nv \n-fpsS amXm-]nXm--fnepw a-fnepw \n-tfmSv Ghpw ASp-Xv Bcm-sWv Adn-bp-I-bn Fpw]d-Xv.
Cu kq-n hkzn--mWv IS-n\papv ]dnp-Xv. Fnepw ISw Ignbp-{X thK-n A\--cm-h-Imiw hnln-Xw-sh-p--Xn\papv Xs hom {ianW-sapw, A\--cm-h-Imiw hnln-Xw-sh-p-tm ISw _mn-bp-s-n, AXmWv
BZyw hotsXpw \_n (k) ]Tn-nnpv. _Jd: 180-182 kq-a-\p-k-cnv hkzn-n amw hcp-m-hp--Xm-sWn IS-ns Imcy-n bmsXmcp hnp-ho-gvN-bp-an. Am-lp-hns amK-n c-km-nXzw hcn iloZns ISwt]mepw hoSp-I-bnsv \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. ISw krn-I ]c-kv]c
- ap _m[y-Xbpw A\mapamWv.
AXn \oXn-am-\mb {km-hn\v Hpw sNm Ign-bp-Ibn-. adnv \a-kvIm-cw, t\mv
XpS-nb Imcy--sfmw {kmhnt\m-Sp krjvSn-I-fpsS _m[y-Xbm-Wv. AXpsImv
Ah-bn hogvNhXv {km-hn-t\mSv ]d-m Ah s]mdppsImSptpw. _Jd:
Jp- B - \ ns Bmhv
392
12.
\nv \n-fpsS `mcy-am hntpt]mIp [\-n ]Ip-Xn-bp

vAhv afn-s-n, Ahv a-fp-s-ntem Atm \nfpsS
hnlnXw \men-sem-m-Ip-p, Ah sNbvX hkzn-pI ]qo-I-cnp-Ibpw As-n IS- hopIbpw sNbvXXn\ptijhpw. \n
hntpt]mIp kzn `mcy-amv \men-sem-p-v, \n-v a-fns-n. C\n \nv a-fp-s-ntem B `mcy-amv FnsemmWv
e`n-p-I\n-fpsS hkzn--v ]qo-I-cn--Ibpw As-n IS-
hop-Ibpw sNbvX-Xn\ptijw. C\n acn ]pcp-j A-n kv{Xo Ieme-:bm-sW-n Ah\v Hcp ktlm-Z-ct\m, Hcp k-tlm-Zcntbm DvXm\pw,
Fn Ah cpt]-cn Hmtcm-cp-pw Bdn-semv e`n-p-Xm-Wv.
C\n Ah cn IqSp-X-ep-s-n samw kzns aqn-sem-n
Ah ]p-Im-cm-bn-cn-pw. hkzn-v ]qoIcntijhpw A-n
D]-{Z-h-Icam IS- hon-b-Xn\ptij-hp-amWv Cu hnln-Xw. Amlp-hn \np D]-tZ-iamWnXv. AmlphmIs, k-m\nbmb kl\-io-e\
- t- m.
`mcy-amv Ah-cpsS BZy-hn-hm-l-nep Ipn-I-fp-s-nepw `m-hn\v \mensemv Ah-Im-ita e`n-p-I-bp-q. C\n Hcmv HnIqSp-X `mcy-am-cp-s-n
a-fp Ah--bn Fnsempw, a-fnm-h-bn \mensempw hnlnXw Xpey
ambn `mKn-s-Sp-t-X
- m-Ipp. amXm-]n-Xm-tfm atfm A\-c
- h
- I
- m-in-If
- mbn CmsX
acn-p-t]m-Ip--hmWv "Ieme: Fp]d-bp--Xv. kqw 176 ]d-bp Ieme:bpw
ChnsS--d Iem-e:bpw Xn- hyXymkapv. Cu kq-n ]d Iem-e-:bpsS
Ah-Im-in-Ifmb ktlmZ-c\pw ktlm-Z-cnpw Xpey-amb hnln-X-am-Wp--Xv F-Xn\m
]nXmhv hyXy-kvX-amb amXm-shm ktlmZct\m ktlm-Z-cntbm BWv Ch. Fm
176-se Ieme:bpsS Ah-Im-in-I ]nXm-shmhcm-b-Xp-sImv ktlm-Z-cnp--Xns
Cc-n-bmWv ktlm-Z-c-\p-Xv (ap kq-n s]a-p--Xns Cc-n-bmWv
Ba-v Fp-]-d--Xp-t]m-se).
"D]-{Z-h-I-c-a-m IShpw hkznpw' Fp]d-Xns hnh-, GXm-bmepw
F\nv A\--c-h-Im-in-Isfmp-an-tm FpIcp-Xn As-n amXm-shm AI
_p-v Ah-Imiw t]mIp-atm F-p-I-cpXn Ahn-ln-X-amb [q-Snv Pohn-v
IS- hcp-pItbm A\ym-ba
- mb hkzn-
- p-I sNp-Itbm A-cpXv Fm-Wv. _Jd:
182-mw kqw ]cn-K-Wn-p-sImv, A\ym-b-ambn sNbvX hkznv Xncp-m-hp--XmWv.
Fm ISw GXp-\n-e-p--Xm-sW-nepw hop-I-Xs thWw. AYhm Amlp \Inb-XmWv Fm A\p-{K-l--sfpw Ah Am-lp-hns Xr]vXn-bn hn\n-tbm-Knv ChnsS
kzKw ]Wn-b-emWv Pohn-X-e-y-sapw t_m[-ap-m-bn-cn--Ww. Ben-Cw-dm: 136,182
13.
CsXmw Amlp \nbn ]cn-[n-I-fm-Ip-p. Bsc-nepw Amlp-hn

s\bpw Ahs ZqX-s\bpw A\p-k-cn-m Ahs\ Xmgv`m-K--fn-eqsS
\ZnI Hgp-In-sIm-n-cn-p kzKq-tm-p-If
- n {]th-in-npXmWv.
An-km-Av (4)
393
AXneh \nXy-hm-kn-I-fp-am-bn-cnpw. AXs{X al-mb hnPbhpw.

samw Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n Am-lp-hns\ kvacn-p-sImv {]hm-N-Ishgn]n]-n Pohn-pI am{X-amWv kzKn-tev Xncnpt]mIm-\p GIamKw. "AXs{X
al-mb hnPb'sav Jp-B-\n Chn-sS-q-SmsX Av {]mhiyw Bhnnpv
(amCZ: 119, Xu_: 89,100, kz^v^v: 12, A-Km-_p: 9 t\mp-I).
14.
BcmtWm Am-lp-hn-s\bbpw Ahs ZqX-s\bpw [n-cn-p-I-bpw,

Ahs ]cn-[n-I adn-I-S-p-Ibpw sNbvXXv, Ahs\ \c-I-n {]th-inn-p-X
- p-am-Wv, AXneh imiz-X\
- p-am-bn-cn-pw. Ah\v \ny-amb inbpam-Wp--Xv.
_Jd: 39, Ben-Cw-dm: 31-32 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
15.
\n-fpsS kv{XoI-fn Zp\-S-]-Sn-I-fn Gs-Sp--hs-Xnsc, Atm

\n-fn\np \mept]sc kmn-I-fmbn sImphcnI. As\bh
kmywhln-m, hoSp-I-fn Ah-cpsS acWwhsc, As-n Amlp
Ah- c psS Imcy- n Hcphgn \nt- i n- p- Xphsc \nfhsc
]nSnpshp-I.
16.
\n-fn Cu Ip-IrXy--fntes-Sp cp-t]-scbpw Atm \n

]oVn-n-t--Xm-Wv. C\nbh cpt]cpw ]m-X-]npaS-p-I-bpw,
{]h-\- \m-n-op-Ibpw sNbvXm Ahsc cp-t]-scbpw
AhKWn-p-I. \nbw, Amlp Gsd ]m-m]w kzoI-cn-p-- ImcpWy-a-cp-fp--h-\p-a-tm.
kv{XoI- thiym-hrnbn Gs-Sp--Xmbn ImWp-Ibpw, AXn\v hnizm-kn-Ifmb \mep-t] kmywhln-p-Ibpw sNbvXm Ahsc acWwhsc Ah-cpsS hoSpIfn
Xf-n-S-Ww. "As-n Ah-cpsS Imcy-n Amlp Hcphgn \nt-in-p-Xphsc'
Fp]d-Xv, kqd: Aq-dn hy`n-Nm-c-Ip--n\p in (BWm-bmepw s]mbmepw Ahsc \qdv ASn-hoXw ASn-Ww) Cd-pXp-hsc Fm-Wv. kqw 16-
"\n-fn Cu IrXyw sNp-h' Fp]d-Xv kv{Xosbbpw ]cp-j-s\-bp-am-Wv,
AmsX enhmv (kzhK-kwt`mKw) \S-p--h-sc-b-. am{X-a-, kq-n "
bAvXnbm\nlm' FmWv ]d-n-cp-s
- X-n cv ]pcpjamsc-p-dn-m-bn-cp-p, Fmen-hnsS " bAvXnbm\nlm' FmWv ]d-n-p--Xv. {]Ir-Xnv hncp--amb enhmv
sNp--h-s\-bpw, sN-s-Sp--h-s\bpw \n h[npIf-b-W-sa-mWv \_n (k) ]Tnn-n-p--Xv.
Fm-epw Ckvem-an IpIrXy-sfmw Lw-L--am-bn-mWv Cm-Xm-n-bnpXv. hy`nNm-c-n-\p in-bpsS BZy-L--amWv Cu kq-n ]cm-ain-p--Xv.
hy`n-Nm-c-Ip--n\v BWn-s\bpw s]n-s\bpw \qd-Sn- hoXw ASn-W-sa-pw, hnizm-knI-fpsS kwLw AXn\v kmyw-h-ln--W-sapw Iev]npsImv kqd: Aqdn hy`nNm-c-n-\p in-bpsS cmw Lw Ah-X-cn-n-p. aqmwL-ambn hnhm-ln-X-cmb
394
Jp- B - \ ns Bmhv
hy`n-Nm-cn-Isf Fdn-p-sIm-p in apl-Zv \_n- Ah-km-\-L--n \SnempI-bp-m-bn. AXv Xudm-n-ep-Xpw Cukm \_n--bpsS Imepw \S-n-em-n-bn-pXpamWv. "\n-fn\nv Ipw sNm--h Is-dn-bs' F Cukm \_n-bpsS
hmv AXmWv kqNn-n-p--Xv. Fm hy`n-Nmcn\p inbpsS cpw aqpw
L- \S-n-em-m Cv km[y-a-. Is-dn-bm Ipw sNm--h Cn FXpw
hnizm-kn-I-fn\nv Hcp kwL-w AXn\v kmyw-h-ln-m\n F-Xp-am-Wv AXn\v
Imc-Ww. AXp-sImv hy`n-Nm-c-n-\p in-bpsS Hmw Lw am{Xta Cv {]tbmKn sImp-h-cm km[n-p-Ib
-- p-q. Jp-B-\ns Bibw ]Tn-n-p-I-hgn P\-sf
t_m[-hmam-cm-pI am{X-amWv Cv Fm-Xn--Ifpw hn]m-S\w sNm-\p GI-amKw.
17.
\nbw, Am-lp-hnsta ]m-m-]ap-Xv Adn-hn-mbvasImv

XnsNp-I-bpw, ]ns Adn DSs\ (A-Sp-p-X-s) ]m-]n-p-hpam-Wv. Atm Aq-c
- psSta Amlp aS-pw. Amlp Fmadnbp k-m-\nbmb bpn-m\n-btm.
18.
Fm ASn-Sn ZpjvI- sNp-Ibpw, As\ acWw Bk--amIp-tm "Ctm Rm ]m--]n-pp' Fp]d-bp-hpw, \ntj[-n-\p-ta \ntj-[n-If
- m-bn- ac-Ws
- -h
- pw ]m-m-]an. Aqv
\mw thZ-\m-P-\-I-amb in-bmWv Hcp-n-sh-n-p--Xv.
"Xu_' Fm aS- - s amWv. AYhm FhnsS\nmtWm t]mbXv

AhntSpXs Xncn-p-h-cnI Fw. Fm-hcpw {]Ir-Xn-bn A\p-k-c-W-ap--hcm-bn-mWv P\n-p--Xv, B {]Ir-Xn-bn-te-v, A\p-k-c-W-n-tev, {km-hn-tev, kzKns hgn-bn-tev Xncn-p-h-c-emWv ]m-m]w. Jp-B-\ns Bibw Adn-bm
XpsImmWv a\p-jy-cn sXp-Ip-- hcp--Xv. Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n
Ahchsc Xncn--dn-bm-XpsImpw, {km-hns\ Xncn--dn-bm-XpsImpw, Pohn-Xeyw Xncn--dn-bm-XpsIm-pam-WXv. Ay-\mhsc-bp BZw k-Xn-Isf apgph\pw kzK-n krjvSnv "Rm\-stbm \n-fpsS DSa' Fv Amlp tNmZn-tm Fm Hmtcm-cp-cpw "AsX \mYm R kmyw hln-pp' Fv adp-]Sn
]d-p. R AXn-s\-p-dnv t_m[-an-m--h-cm-bn-cppshv C\n hn[n-Znhkw
\n ]d-bm-Xn-cn-m\pw As-n R-fpsS ]nXm-am inv sNbvXp, R
AhcpsS ]nK-am-an-I-fmb af-tm, Atm B anYy-hmZn-I sNbvX-Ip--n\v \o
Rsf ]nSnv inn-p-I-bmtWm \mYm Fv \nfmcpw ]d-bm CS-h-cm-Xn-cnm\pwthnbmWsXv AAvdm^v: 172-173 kq--fn ]-dnp-v. kqw 174
C{]-Imcw \mw \psS kq- hni-Zo-I-cnpsImSp--bm Wv. Ah {]kvXpX Icmdn-tepXs Xncn-p-h-cp-hcmIp-Xn\pthn Fpw]d-n-pv.
PohnXImew apgp-h\pw ey-t_m-[-an-msX Xn-Ifn apgpIn Ignp-Iq-n acWw
Bk--am-Ip-tm "Rm\n-tm ]m--]n-pp' Fp]d-bp--h\pw, Jp-B\ns
Bibw Adn-nv aqSn-shv Pohn-pa-cn-p Ip^v^m-dn\pw (ap-\m-^n-Jn-\pw) ]mm]w \Ip-Ib
- n-. \_n (k) ]Tn-n-p: g dqlv sXm-p-gn-bn-se-pXphsc Amlp
An-km-Av (4)
395
ASn-a-bpsS ]m-m]w kzoI-cn-pXm-Wv. Alvkm_v: 72, `qan \ne-\nm-\p

Aam-\-mb Jp-B kzoI-cn a\p-jy A{I-an-bpw hnUvVnbpw Xsbmbn-cpp
Fp]d-bp-p. Ben-Cw-dm: 187, thZw \In-b-h-tcmSv, AXnep-Xv a\p-jyv
shfnhm-pIXs thWw, aqSn-sh--cpXv Fp]d-n-p-v. Atm Jp-B\ns
Bibw Adn-bp--h am{X-amWv ]WvUn-Xam. Acw ]WvUn-Xam am{Xta
Am-lp-hns Zmkam-cn Ahs\ `b-s-Sp-I-bpq Fv ^mXzn: 28 ]d-n-pv. Atm Plm-ev (A-dn-hn-m-bva) \on-I-f-bm-\p Htc-sbmcp amKw {]Im-iamb, kXy-hpw Ak-Xyhpw Xncn--dn-bp, kamKamb Jp-B\ns Bibw ]Tn-pI-bpw, ]Tn-n-p-I-bp-am-Wv. Jp-B\ns Bibw Adn-nv AXns hn[n-hn-e-p-I
]n]-m-Xn-cn-p-I-bpw, ap--hsc ]Tn-n-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp Ip^v^m-dp-I-fmWv
a\p-jy-n-im-Np--fmb ap\m-^n-Jp-I. Ahv Amlp Hcn-epw s]mdpv sImSp-pI-bn- (Xu_: 80, ap\m-^n-Jq: 6 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _pn-i-n-, ImgvN, tIhn, Fgpv,
hmb-\ XpS-n {kmhv \Inb Fm A\p-{K-l-fpw Ghpwhenb A\p-{K-l-amb
Jp-B\ns Bibw a\-n-em-m (Ja: 17 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I) D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-m-sX
\cIw km-Zn--Xn\v Amlp-hn-s\tbm, ]nim-Nn-s\tbm amXm--]n-Xm--sftbm Ip-sSp-m km[y-am-hp-I-bnspw Jp-B ]Tn-n-n-p-v. _Jd: 67,27, Ben-Cw-dm:
18,9091 hni-ZoI--cWw t\mp-I.
19.
Hm kXy-hn-izm-kn-Itf, kv{XoIsf Ahn-an-msX A\--cm-h-Im-i-saSp-pI \n-\p-h-Z-\o-b-a-. \n Ahp-\Inb hnhm-l-aq-eyns Hcp-`mKw Ah Hgn-hmn t]mI---hw \n-f-hsc sRcp-pI-bp-a-cp-XvAh hy-amb Zp\-S-p-I-fn Gs-m-sem-gnsI. \n
Ah-tcmSv \ymb-amb coXn-bn am\y-ambn kl-hn-t--Xm-Ip-p.
Atm \n Ahsc shdp-p-p-s-n, \n HcpImcyw shdpp-Ib
- pw, Fm Amlp AXn [mcmfw \-I \nt-]n-np-spw
hcm-hp--Xm-Wv.
A\n-kvem-anI Imev `mhv acn- kv{XoIsfbpw, `m-hns A\--cmh-Imin-I A\--c-kz-mbn ]cn-KWnncpp. B k{-Zm-bs Hgn-hm-p-Ibpw B
kv{XoIn--an-msX _emmcw Ahsc ]nSn-p-sh- \nv A\p-h-Z-\o-b
a F \nbaw \Ip-I-bmWv (_Jd: 232235,240 Iqnhmbn-p-I). AXp-t]mse hnhml-aq-eyw apgp-ht\m As-n AXnsemcp`m-Ktam Xncn-p-\In kv{Xo sXn-t]m-I-hw Ahsf ]oVn-n-p A\n-kvem-anI Ncy-I shSn-b-W-sapw hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv
Iev]n-p-I-bm-Wv. \n-f-h-cn Hcp Xn-Im-Wp-p-sh-n \n ImWm \-Ifpw
Ah-cn-ep-m-tb-pw (_Jd: 216 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). Atm Am-lp-hns
Xr]vXn-bn kl-hnv PohnXw aptmpsImpt]m-IWsav Iev]n-p-I-bm-Wv.
Fm hy-amb Zp\-S
- p-If
- n Gs kv{XoIsf shp-sIm-n-cn-m ]mSn-spw,
Acw Bfp-I-fpsS {]m\ Amlp kzoI-cn-p-I-bn-spw \_n (k) ]Tn-n-npv.
Jp-B\ns Bi-bs Ah-KWnv Pohn-p apkven Cv Ckvem-an-enm kv{Xo[\w hmn-p-Ibpw, \nm-c-Im-cy-fpsS-t]-cn hnhm-l-tam-N\w \S-p-
396
Jp- B - \ ns Bmhv
Ibpw, hmnb kv{Xo[\wXs Xncn-p-sIm-Sp-m-Xncn-p-Ibpw sNp-h-cm-Wv. Amlp-hnepw Ay-Zn-\-nepw hnizmknm Cq-s-Xn-cm-bn-v -X-s-bmWv Ah
Bibadn-bmsX hmbn Jp-B hmZn-p-Ibpw kmn\np-Ibpw sNp-I. Cu
hn[n-hn-e-p-I-sfmw Adn-bp ]WvUn-Xam-scv Zpc`nam\np ap\m-^n-Jp-I hnNmc-W-bn-msX \c-I-n-tev t]mIp--Xm-sWv An-km-Av: 145 ]d-n-p-v. JpB-\ns\ C{X Ah-K-Wn HcpP\X temIpthsdbns-p-Im-Wmw. Cu P\-Xsb ]ntbm-Spw (AAvdm^v: 176) Igp-X-tbmSpw (Pp-apA: 5) Amlp D]-an-Xv F{X- A-hmbnon- c n- - b m- W v . \n- f n Ghpw D- a , \n- f psS kv { XoI- t fmSv
Ghpw\mbn hn-p--h-\mWv Fv apl-Zv \_n (k) ]Tn-n--sXmpw Chv
_m[-Ia
-
- m-h
- w Ch A[-:]-Xn-n-cn-p-p. Cv ap- k-ap-Zm-b
- m, Cu Jp-B\mWv
Cu P\sb Cs\ A[:]Xn-n-sXv sXn--cn-p-hcm-Wv. Cs\ Jp-B aqSnshv Xn--d Cu P\-X-s-Xn-cm-bnp Xs-bmWv apl-Zv \_n (k) A\ymbw
t_m[n-n-p-I-sbv ^pJm: 30 ]d-n-p-v (ABw: 26 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). JpB\ns Bi-bs Xn--d CuP-\X Hcp sI-P-\-sX-bv ^pJm: 18-epw ^Xvlv:
12epw ]d-n-p-v. _Jd: 231-232, Ben-Cw-dm: 112,167 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
20.
C\n \n Hcp `mcybpsS m\v asmcp `mcysb ]I-cw-sImp-hcm

Xs Dtinp-I-bm-sW-n, Ahcn Hcp-hv k-ns Hcp
IqmcwXs \In- b n- p- m- b n- c p- p- s h- nepw AXn\nv Hpw
Xncnphmm-hp--X-. A]-hm-Z-]-c-ambnsmpw hy-amb Ipam
bnsm-pw \nfXv Xncn-p-hm-p-Itbm?
kv{XoI-fpsS hnhm-l-aqeyw (a-l) Npcp-Ww, ]pcp-jamv al-dns B[n-IywsImv hnhmlw sNm sRcp--apv Fv Da Jm_v (d) JpXp_ \nlnpsIm-n-cns ]dbpI-bp-m-bn. andn\nv Cdn h Dadns\ kZ-n-ep-mbncp
Hcp Jpssdin h\nX Cu kqw D-cnv, Am-lp-hns {K-n AsXmcp kns Iqm-c-am-sW-nepwicn Fp]d-np-s-n-cns \_n (k)tbm, Hmw
Jeo^ A_q-_
- knoJv(d)thm \S-n-em-m \nbaw sImp-hc
- m Da-dn\v BcmWv
A[n-Imcw \InbsXv tNmZn-p-I-bp-apm-bn. DSs\s an-dn Ibdn Da (d)
{]kvXpX Bhiyw ]nh-en-p-Ibpw kzbw Xncp-p-I-bp-ap-m-bn. Ben-Cw-dm: 81
21. \n Fs\ AXv Xncn-p-hm-pw. \n ]c-kv]cw kpJ-sa-Sp-p-Ibpw, Ah \n-fn\nv _en-jvTamb {]Xn--hm-p-Ibpw sNbvXp-Ign-n-cn-s.
hnhmlw {kmhv Xs \n-bn-n-p--Xm-Wv. Ah-\mWv a\p-jysc (i-co-cw)
sh-n \np-m-n-b-Xv. Ahn-S-bn hwi-_-hpw hnhm-l-_-hpw Dmn
Fv ^pJm: 54 ]d-np-v. Atm hnhmlw Am-lp-hns\ kmy-s-Sp-nsImv krn-I Xn \S-p Hcp Icm-dm-Wv. B _w hntOZn-p-Xv A\p-hZ-\o-b-amb Imcyfnshv Am-lp-hn\v Ghpw tIm]-ap Imcyam-Wv. Jp-B
hnhm-l-tamN\-n\v ]Sn-]-Sn-bm-bp ]e- \n-_--\-Ifpw shn-p-v (_Jd: 226,232,
An-km-Av: 34-35, Az-emJv: 1,2 Iqn-hm-bnp-I). {]kvXpX hn[n-hn-e-p-I-sfmw
An-km-Av (4)
397
]men-npw tbmPn-p-t]m-Im km[n-p-I-bn-sv Z-Xn-I a\-n-em-p-I-bm-sWn

hnhm-l-tam-N\w A\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-Wv. Fm hnhm-l-aq-ey-ambn \In-bXv Hcp Iqm-cam-sW-nepw AXn\nv Hpw Xncn-p-hm-m ]pcp-j\v A\p-hmZan-.
{km-hns Xr]vXn-bn-ep _w am{Xta krjvSn-Iv A\p-h-Zn-n-p-q.
kv{XobpsS hnImcw ian-n-p-sIm-Sp-m ]pcp-js\bmWv D-c-hm-Z-s-Spnbn-cn-pXv. Cl-n kzKobamb Ah tZymXn-n-p- -CWtNc {]Ir-Xn -a-X-n
Ghpw henb C_m-Z
- m-Wv. (Ben-Cw-dm: 8182, An-km-Av: 1 hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mpI).
22.
\n \n-fpsS ]nXm-am hnhmlw sNbvX kv{XoIsf Hcn-epw

hnhmlw sN-cp-Xvapv \S-sXm-gnsI. \nbw, AXv XnIpw tOhpw
shdp--s-Xpw ZpS-p-am-Ip-p.
A\n-kvem-anI Imev ]nXm-am- acn-p-t]m-bm Ah-cpsS hn[-h-I-fmb `mcyamsc afpw adnpw hnhmlw sNp-I-tbm, Ahsc A\-cm-h-Im-i kzmbn kzoI-cnpItbm sNbvXncpp. AXv XnIpw tOhpw Zp\-Spw kamKn\v hncp--hpamsWv Amlp ]Tn-n-pIbmWv. Cu kqw Ah-X-cn tijw Acw _ Ds-n ths-Sp--W-sa-pw, Fm Acw _--fn-ep-mb km-\sf Pmc-k
- m-\
- fmbn ]cn-KW
- n-c
- p-sXpw ]Tn-n-p-p. hnhm-l_w \ntcm[ns h kv{XoI-sfbpw hy`n-N-cn-m Ahs\ sImp-I-f-b-W-sav \_n (k) ]Tn-nn-p-v.
23.
\n--fpsS amXm--sf, ]p{Xn-amsc, ktlm-Z-cn-am-sc, ]nXr-k-tlm-Z-cn-I-sf,

amXr-ktlm-Zc
- n-Isf, ktlm-Zc
- ]
- p-{X-nam-sc, ktlm-Zc
- o]p-{X-nam-sc, \nv
ape-bq-n-bam-Xm--sf, ape-Ip-Sn-_--n-ep-- k-tlm-Z-cn-am-sc-, \n-fpsS
`mcy-am-cpsS amXm--sf, \n-tfm-sSmw ZmXyw]n kv{XoI-fn ]nd-h-cpw \n-fpsS hoSp-I-fn hf-h-cp-amb ]p{Xn-am-scC\n B kv{XoIsf
hnhmlw sNpI am{Xta sNbvXn-p-q, Ah-tcm-sSmw CW-tNn-n-sn Ahsc Hgn-hmn Ah-cpsS ]p{Xn-amsc hnhmlw sNp--Xn
\nv hntcm [an\n-fpsS kzw ]p{Xam-cpsS `mcy-amsc (hnhmlw
sN) \nv \njn--am-n-bn-cn-p-p. cv ktlm-Z-cn-Isf Hcpanv
`mcy-am-cm-p-Xpw \njn-a
- m-Ip-p. Fm apv Ign-p-t]m-bs
- Xm-gnsI.
\nbw Amlp Gsd s]mdp-p-- Imcp-Wy-a-cp-fp--h- Xsb-tm.
\n-fpsS amXm- Fp-]-d--Xn amXm-hn\p ]pdsa Nn-bpw ]nXm-hns

amXmhpw amXm-hns amXmhpw Ds-Sp--Xm-Wv. ]p{Xn-bpsS Iq-n ]u{Xnbpw DsSp-p. ktlm-Z-cn-I-fpsS Iq-n amXm-]n-Xm--sfm ktlm-Z-cn-bpw, ]nXm-shm
ktlm-Z-cn-bpw, amXm-shm ktlm-Z-cnbpsamw Ds-Sp-p. AtX{]Imcw amXm-]nXm--sfm--h-tcm, ]nXm-shm--h-tcm, amXm-shm--htcm Bb amXm-]n-Xm-fpsS ktlmZ-cn-Isf aI hnhmlw sNp-Xv \njn--am-Wv. AXp-t]mses ktlm-Z-c-k-tlmZ-cn-am amXm-]n-Xm--sfm--h-tcm, ]nXm-shm--h-tcm, amXm-shm--htcm Bcm-bn-cpmepw icn, Ah-cpsS ]p{Xn-am Hcp-h\v kzw ]p{Xn-amsctmse hnhm-l-n\v \njn-am-Wv. ]pcp-j\v ape-Ip-Sn-_
-
- n-ep amXm-hn-s\bpw, kv{Xov B amXm-hns `m-
398
Jp- B - \ ns Bmhv
hn-s\bpw hnhmlw sNm ]mSn-m-Xpt]mse Ah-cpsS km-\--sfbpw hnhmlw

sNbvXp-Iq-Sm, ImcWw ape-sIm-Sp kv{Xo Ipn-bpsS amXm-hm-bn-o-cp-Xpt]mse, AhcpsS `mhv ]nXm-hpw, Ah cp-t]-cp-sSbpw k-Xn-I ktlm-Z-c-k-tlm-Z-cn-I-fp-ambn-o-cp-p. kmm amXm-]n-Xm- hgn-bp _--sfmw ape-Ip-Sn-_--mepw
m]n-X-am-Ip-sav \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v: c-_w sImv \njn--am-Ip--sXmw
ape-Ip-Sn-_wsImpw \njn--am-Ip--Xm-Wv. Hcp kv{XobpsS BZy `m-hn-ep
s]Ip-nsb cm-as `mhn\v hnhmlw sN A\p-h-Z-\o-b-a-, Ah FhnsS
Xma-kn-mepw icn. ImcWw \_n (k) ]Tn-nn-pv: h-h\pw Hcp kv{XobpsS P\-t\{-nbs t\mn-bm Ah\v Ah-fpsS amXmhpw aIfpw \njn--am-bngnp. asmcp
\nth-Z-\-n \_n (k) ]Tn-n-p:
Hcp s]n-sbpw Ah-fpsS aI-fp-sSbpw P\t\{nbs t\mnb ]pcp-js\ Amlp t\mp-I-bn- (I-Sm-n-p-Ibn).
kzw ]p-{Xam-cpsS (Akzvem_n-pw) `mcy-am \njn-a
- mWv Fp]d-X
- n\m,
Zp-]p-{XamcpsS hn[-hI
- s
- fbpw Ah hnhm-ltam-N\w sNbvX kv{XoI-sfbpw hnhmlw
sNp-Xn\v bmsXmcp hntcm-[-hp-an Fv a\-n-em-mw. Fm Pmln-en--n
Zp-]p-{Xam-cpsS hn[-h-I-sfbpw Ah hnhm-l-tam-N\w sNbvX kv{XoI-sfbpw ]nXmhn\v hnhmlwsN \njn-hpw, kz]p-{Xam-cpsS hn[-hI
- s
- fbpw Ah hnhmlw sNbvX
kv{XoI-sfbpw hnhmlwsN A\p-h-Z-\o-b-hp-ambn ]cn-K-Wn-n-cp-p. \_n (k) kzw
Am-bn-bpsS aI ssk\-_sb Am-lp-hns Iev]\-{]-Imcw hfp-]p-{X sskZv
(d)\v hnhmlw sNbvXp-sIm-Spp. Am-lp-hns Iev]-\-{]ImcwXs Ah Xn
hnhm-l-tam-Nn-X-cm-hp-Ibpw, tijw \_n (k) hnhm-l-aqeyw \In Ahsc hnhmlw
sNpIbp-ap-mbn (Alvkm_v: 45,36-40 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Cu Pmln-enm k{-Zm-bs
]msS \nam\w sNp--Xn\pthnbmbn-cpp CXv. ]p{Xam-cpsS `mcy-amsc
t]mses-bmWv ]u{Xam-cpsS `mcy-am-cpw. ]nXm-a-l\pw amXm-a-l\pw Ahsc
hnhmlw sN \njn- - a mWv . cv ktlm- Z - c n- I sf Htckabw hnhml_nshm ]mSn-m-Xpt]mse-s Ah-fpsS amXr-k-tlm-Z-cn, ]nXr-k-tlm-Z-cn,
ktlm-Z-co-]p-{Xn, ktlm-Z-c]p{Xn Fn-h-scbpw Htc-k-a-bv `mcy-amcm nshm
]mSn Fv \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-cn-p-p. cv kv{XoI-fn Hcpn ]pcpj-\m-sWv
kn-p]w Ah Xn hnhmlw ]mSnsn A-s\-bp cv kv{XoIsf
Htcbh-k-c-n Hcm-fpsS hnhml_--nshp-Xv \njn--am-sWv Npcpw.
24.
kv{XoI-fn\np aplvk-\m-p-Ifpw (ap-h-cpambn hnhm-l-_--nen-cn-p k{Xo-I) \nv \njn--am-Wv. Fm (bpS-hp-Imcmbn) \n-fpsS A[o-\-nh kv{XoI AXn \nsm-gn-hm-Ip-p.
CXv Amlp \n-fpsSta tcJ-s-Sp-nb \nb-a--fm-Ip-p. Ch-c-m
kv{XoI-sf-sbmw \n-fpsS k-psImv (hnhm-l-aqeywsImv) tXSpXv \nv A\p-h-Zn--s-n-cn-p-p. Ahn-ln-X-_--n-tes-SmsX
Ahsc hnhm-l_
- ns kqc-n-XXzn Nmcn-{Xy-hX
- n-If
- mbn kqn-W-sa \n_--\-tbmSp-Iq-Sn. Atm \n Ahcpambn Zm-Xy
ns kpJw A\p-`-hn-p-I-bm-sW-n, Ahv \n-bn-n-p hnhml-aqeyw \n_-ambpw \IWw. hnhm-l-aqeyw \n-bn--stijw
An-km-Av (4)
399
]c-kv]c -k--XtmSpIqSn hnp-hogvN sNp--Xn sXsmp-an-.

\nbw, Amlp Fmadn-bp k-\mb bpn-\tm.
bp--S-hp-Im-cmbn A[o-\-X-bn hps] kv{XoIsf Ah-v `m-mcps-nepw hnhm-l-aqeyw \In hnizm-kn-Iv hnhmlw sNm-hp--Xm-Wv. Ahn-izmkn-bmb `mhns\ Hgn-hm-n-sImv Hcp kv{Xo hnizm-kn-IfpsS ASp-p-h-m,
Ah bYm-hn-izm-kn-bm-sWv t_m[y-sSpIbpw sNbvXm, Ahsf \ntj-[n-I-fn
tev Xncn-b
- msX, Ahn-izm-kn-bmb `mhv Ahv \Inb hnhm-la
- qeyw Ah\p
Xncnp\Inb-tijw hnhm-l-aqeyw \In B kv{Xosb hnhmlw sNp--Xn\v hntcm[-an-. hnizm-kn-\n-I Ahn-izm-kn-I-fn-tev t]mhp-I-bm-sW-n Ahp \Inb
hnhm-l-aqeyw Ah-tcm-Sn-tmpw, Ahn-izm-kn-I-fn\np kv{XoI hnizm-kn-I-fn-tev
hcn-I-bm-sW-n Ah-cpsS hnhm-l-aqeyw Atm-pw \I-W-sapw, C\n Ctmv
\In-bn-n-s-n B tXmX-\p-k-cnv Atmpw \tI-Xn Fpw kqd: apwXln\:
10-11 kq--fn ]d-n-p-v. AYhm Zo\n \n_--an, Fm hnizm-kn-I-fmb
]pcp-jampw kv{XoIpw Am-lp-hns Xr]vXn-bn-ep _w sXsc-s-Spm kzmX-{y-ap-v. Fm-eXv ap-h
- c
- psS Ah-Im-i
- l\n-p-sIm-m-Im ]mSn.
"apXvB' hnhmlw Ckvem-ans BZy-Im-ev A\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-bn-cp-p. hnZq-c--e-fn t]mbn ZoL-Imew Xma-kn-p-tm AhnsS\np kv{XoIsf Xmm-en-Iambn hnhmlw sNp coXn-mWv "apXvB' hnhmlw Fp]d-bp--Xv. Ahv hnhml-aqeyw \n-bn-Xv \In-bnv am{Xta Ah-cp-ambn CWtNcm ]mSpq. C\n hnhml-aq-ey-n kza-\-mse Xr]vXn-sv Ah Cf-hp-\Ip-I-bm-sW-n AXn-\p- hn-tcm[-hpan-. Cv Cu Xmm-en-I-hn-hmlw A\p-h-Z-\o-b-a-. am hnPbZnhkw \_n
(k) ]d-p: Hm a\p-jytc, \nv Rm apXvB hnhmlw (kv{Xo-Iv kv
\In-sIm-p XmmenI hnhmlw) A\p-h-Zn-n-cp-p. \nbw, Amlp AXp
Jnbm-a-p\mhsc \njn--am-n-bn-cn-pp. C\n \n-fn Bs-nepw Acw
kv{XoI-fp-s-n Ahsc ]mn\phnSp-I-, Ahv \In-b-Xn\nv Hpw Xncn-p-hmp-I-bp-a-cp-Xv. Fm Cu \_n-h-N-\-sampw ]cn-K-Wn-msX apkvenw temIv ]ecpw
\men IqSp-X kv{XoIsf Htc-k-a-bv hnhm-l-n shn-cn-p-p-v. CsXmw
Ckvemans\ hnIr-X-amn Ah-X-cn-n--em-Wv. [nm-cn-I-fpw AXn-cp I-hn--h-cp-amWh. Cm-ev hnZq-c-bm-{X-I-fn `mcy-amsc IqsS-sImpt]mIm\pw Xma-kn-n-m\pw
apw Fm kuI-cy-fpap-Xp-sImv XmmenI hnhm-l
- n\v Xosc {]k-n-bpan.
25.
\n-fn Bs-nepw hnizm-kn-\n-I-fmb Ipe-kv{Xo-Isf hnhmlw

sNm km-n-I-amb Ign-hn-msX hm, Atm \n-fpsS A[o\-Xb
- n-ep hnizm-kn-\n-If
- mb ASn-ak
- v{Xo-Isf hnhmlw sNbvXpsIm-pI.
\n-fpsS hnizm-k-ns Ah Ghpw Adn-bp--h-\s{X Am-lp,
\n-sf-m-hcpw Htchn`m-K-ns a\p-jy-cm-W-tm. Atm Ah-cpsS
cm-[n-Im-cn-I-fpsS A\p-a-Xn-tbmsS \n Ahsc hnhmlw sNbvXp-sImp-I. Ahv \ymb-amb hnhm-l-aqeyw \Ip-Ibpw sNp-I, Ah
Pmc-k-m-\-sf kzoI-cn-m-Xn-cn-m-\pw, Ahn-ln-X-_--fn GsSm-Xncn-m-\pw, hnhm-l-_ns kpc-n-X-Xz-n Nmcn-{Xy-h-Xn-I-fm-
400
Jp- B - \ ns Bmhv
bn-cn-m-\p-wthn. As\ Ah Zm-Xy-ns ]cn-[n-bn kpc-n-Xcmbtijw \oN- h r- n- I - f n Gs- S p]w Ahv , Ipeo\
kv{XoIv \n-bn--s-n-p in-bpsS ]IpXn \I-s-tS--Xm-Ip
p. Ccw kv{XoIsf hnhmlw sNp--Xn-\p Cfhv \n-fn\nv
Ahn-lnX _ntes-Sp-sav `b-s-Sphv thn-bp--Xm-Ip-p.
Fm \n (B-\n-b{- Ww ]menv) an-p-Ib
- m-sW-n AXmWv
\nv Ghpw KpW-I-cw. Amlp Gsd s]mdp-p-- Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[nbtm.
Ipeo-\-kv{Xo-Ifmb kzX-{-kv{Xo-Isf hnhmlwsNm kpw ap-ku-I-cyfpans-n hnizm-kn-\n-I-fmb ASn-a-kv{Xo-Isf Ah-cpsS cm-[n-Im-cn-bpsS A\p-aXn-tbm-SpIqSn hnhmlw sNm-hp-Xm-Wv. {]tXy-Inv B-\n-b-{Ww ]men-m IgnbmsX Ahn-ln-X-_--n-tev hoWp-t]mIpsav `b-s-Sphv. ASna-kv{Xo-Isf
Nmcn-{Xy-h-Xn-Ifpw \-\-S-p-Im-cp-am-n-amn, kaq-l-n Pmc-k-m-\-sf Cm-Xm-pI
F ey-tm-sS-bm-bn-cn-Ww Ahsc hnhmlw sNt--Xv. \n-fpsS A[o\-X-bneph tamN-\--cm Bh-iy-s-SpI-bpw, Ahcn \n \-ImWpIbpw sNp-psh-n tamN-\--cm Fgp-Xp-I-bpw, Amlp \nv \In-bn-p [\n\nv
Ahp-\Ip-Ibpw sNpI Fv Aq: 33 ]d-n-p-v. AtX{]Imcw \nfpsS A[o-\-X-bn-ep bph-Xn-I Zp-Sv shdp-p-Ibpw, Nmcn-{Xy-h-Xn-I-fmbncnm
B{K-ln-p-I-bp-am-sW-n Ahsc \n Zp\n-bm-hns em`w tamlnv AXn\nv
XS-b-cp-sXpw ]d-np-v.
Acw kv{XoI hnhm-l-]-cn-[n-bn kpc-n-X-cmbtijw tOhr-n-Ifn
Gs-m Ahv kzX-{-kv{Xo-Ip in-bpsS ]Ip-Xn-bm-Wp--Xv Fp]dbm Imc-Ww, kzX-{-kv{Xo-Iv Xd-hm-Sn-sbpw `m-hnsbpw kpc-- e-`n-ptm ASn-a-kv{Xo-Iv `m-hns am{Xw kpc-bmWv e`n-p--Xv. ioen-p-h
kz`mhmepw ]cn-X-n-Xn-bpsS t{]c-W-bmepw sNp- Hcp -Ipn\v, Icp-Xn-Iqn
sNp Ip-ns in- e-`n-mhpX-. Alvkm_v: 30- \_n-bpsS ]Xv\n-amsc
hnfnv Amlp ]d-bp-p: \n-fn Hcm hy-amb Hcp Zphrnbn Gs-m
\nv Cc-n-in--bm-Wp--Xv (Alvkm_v: 33-34 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). CXn\npw
hy`n-Nm-c-Ip--n\v Fdn-p-sIm--en F \nK-a\w hcp-n-. Aq: 2mw kq
{]Imcw, hnhm-ln-X-c-m ]pcp-jam-cpw, kv{XoIfpw hy`n-N-cn-m \qdv ASn hoXw
ASn--W-samWv \nb-aw. Fm ASna- kv{Xo-Iv AXns ]IpXn AXv ASnbmWv \tI--Xv. hnhm-ln-X-cmb kzX-{-]p-cp-jamcpw kv{XoIfpw hy`n-N-cn-p-I-bmsWn Ahsc Fdn-p-sIm--W-sa-mWv \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p--Xv. hnhm-ln-X
ssewKnI-_--ns s]mcp a\-n-em-n-b-h-cm-bn-cns hopw ]cn-[n-ew-Ln-m
kaq-l-n AXns {]Xym-LmXw hfsc IqSp-X-em-bn-cn-pw.
hnhm-ln-X-bmb Hcp kv{Xo hy`n-N-cn--Xn\v Ahp in FmsWv Cukm
\_n (A)t\mSv tNmZn--tm, "\n-fn Ipw sNm--h Is-dn-bs' FmWv adp]Sn ]d--Xv. Fm Ipw sN-m Hcmfpw B kaq-l-n Cm--Xn-\m B
in \S-n-em-m ]n-bn-. Cv Ipw sNm--h CmXn-\m hy`n-Nm-c-n\v
An-km-Av (4)
401
Fdnp-sIm-p-I-, \qdv ASn ASn-p-I XpS-nb in-sbmpw \S-n-em-m km[y-a. adnv Jp-B\ns Bibw ]Tn-nv Ah-c-hsc Xncn--dnv B-\n-b-{Ww ]menp--h-cmn ampI am{X-amWv GIt]mwhgn. BZy-Im-ev Ah-Xo-amb kqd: An
km-Av: 15-16 kq--fn ]d- inm \S-]-Sn-I am-{Xta Cs kml-N-cy-n
kzoI-cn-m ]p-I-bp-q. Cukm \_n hv samw a\p-jyv Am-lp- Xr]vXn-s
(PohnXntev th) hn[n-hn-e
- p-I ]Tn-ntijw hnhm-ln-X
- hy`n-Nm-c
- n-tesm Fdn-p-sIm-p in hopw \S-n-em-n-tb-mw.
Cv ASn-a-I-sfm-p-an-, Fm Fm-hcpw ASn-a-I-fp-am-Wv. AXpsImv JpB\ns Bibw ]Tnv ]n]-p ]pcp-j\pw kv{XobpamWv hnhm-ln-XcmtI-Xv.
]Xn\v hb-n\papv Jp-B\ns samw Bibw av ]Tn-n--W-sav \_n
(k) ]dnp-v. AXv sNm--]w \c-I-n hcmt]m-Ip cwKw AAvdm^v:
38 Amlp ap-dn-bnv \In-bn-p-v. (Xu_: 71, lpP-dmv: 13, Alvkm_v: 35 Iqnhm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 221, An-km-Av: 3,15 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
26.
\nv bmYmyw hni-Zo-I-cnv Xcp--Xn-\pw, \npapv Ign-p

t]m-b-k-\-fpsS Ncy-bntev \nsf amKZi\w sNpXn\pw
\nfpsS ]m-m]w kzoI-cn-m-\pamWv Amlp Dt-in-p--Xv.
Amlp k\mb bpnm\n-b-tm.
BZw \_n apX Ay-\mhsc-bp a\p-jyv kzKn-te-s-n-s-Sm

GIamK-am-Wp--Xv. CXv lpZ-bmb JpB\ns samw Bi-b-am-Wv. Jp-B\ns
samw Bi-bw hmbnv Ah-c-hsc Xncn--dnv sXp-Ip-- Xncn--dnv Am-lphn-t\mSv ]m-]nv aS-p-I-bpw, in-ap PohnXw samw Jp-B\ns\ ]n]n
\bn-p-Ibpw sNbvXm Ahv kzK-n-tev Xs Xncnpt]mIm-hp--Xm-Wv. Am-h-scmw ]nim-Nns kt-X-amb \c-I-n-tev Xncn-p-t]mtIn-hcpw. _Jd:
38,185186,213,257 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I..
27.
AsX; Am-lp \n-fpsS ]m-m]w kzoI-cnv A\p-{Klnm\m-Wp-tin-p--Xv. Fm Xnsf ]n]-p--h \nsf t\amKn\nv _lp-Zqcw AI-n-sm-v t]m-Ip--Xn-\pamWv Dtin-p-Xv.
28.
Amlp \nsfsmv eLqIcnm\m-W-p-t-in-p--Xv.

a\pjy Zp_-e-\m-bn-mWv krn--s-n-p--Xv.
Fs-m
\nbw a\p-jy-sc \mw ti-n-embnmWv krn-n-cn-p--sXv _eZv: 4epw,

Am-lp-hmWv \nsf _e-lo-\-X-tbm-Sp-IqSn krjvSn--Xv, ]ns AXn \nv \nsf
i-am-cmn (bphmhv) hopw \nsf _e-lo-\-cmn (hr) Fv Adqw: 54epw
]-d-n-pv. Amlp Ah-\p-t-in-p-Xv krn-p-p, Ah Fm-n\pw Ign-hp
k-m-\n-b-tm. a\p-jys\ Fm-bvtmgpw {kjvSm-hns\ B{i-bnp Pohnt
{]Ir-Xn-bn _e-lo-\-\m-bn-mWv krjvSn-n-p--Xv. ^m-Xzn: 15-16 a\p-jysc hnfnv
Amlp ]d-bpp: \n Am-lp-hn-tev Ftmgpw Bh-iy-ap Zcn-{Z-cm-Ip-p.
Am-lp, Ah am{X-am-Ipp sFiz-cy-hm\pw kzbw kvXpXyl-\pw. Ah-\p-t-in-p-I-
402
Jp- B - \ ns Bmhv
bm-sW-n \nsf \on--fv ap ]pXnb krn-Isf sImp-h-cp--Xm-Wv. Fm

Cu hkvXpX AwKo-I-cnp Ftmgpw "Amlv' F kvac-W-bn \ne-sIm-p--h
hnizm-kn-I am{X-am-Wv. Am--h Am-lp-hns\bpw, Ahscsbpw ad--hcpw
sXm-Sn-I-fpamWv (_Jd: 99 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI). Xu_: 115- Amlp ]d-bpp:
Hcp P\-X-sb kamK-n-em-n-b-Xn-\p-tijw Ah Fv hn[n-hn-e-p-I-fmWv ]ment-s
- Xv ]Tn-n-msX Ahsc hgn-tI-Sn hnSpI Am-lp-hn\v tbmPn-X
-
- . \nbw,
Amlp Fm-Im-cy--fp-a-dn-bp k-m-\n-b-tm. krjvSn-Isfdnv Ghpadnbp {kmhv Ahp-h-ln-m Ign-bm Hcp `mchpw Npa-n-bn-n (_Jd: 286
t\mpI). Jp-B\ns Bibw a\-n-em-m Ghpw Ffp--am-n-bn-cn-p-pshv
Ja: 17epw, \nbw Cu Jp-B Ghpw t\sc-sNm-s-bp--Xn-tev amKZi\w
sNp-sav Ckvdm-Av: 9epw ]d-n-p-v. bmsXmcp h{I-X-bp-an-m t\sc-sNm-sbp Jp-B Xs ASn-av Ah-Xc
- n-n Am-lp-hn-\mWv k-kX
- p-Xn-bp-sav Ilv^v:
1-epw ]d-n-p-v. (lv: 78 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Am-lp-hns kwkm-camb Jp-B
Am-lp-hn-tepw kzK-n-tepw hnfn-p-tm tkzO-I-sfbpw, Xn-jvS--sfbpw
amaq-ep-I, acym-Z-I XpS-nb BNm-cm-\p-jvTm-\-sfbpw sImp-\-S-p, hgn-]n-g-hcpw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw a\p-jysc ]nim-Nntepw \c-I-n-te-p-amWv \bnp-Xv.
(Ass: 510 Bibw t\mp-I). ^mnl: 6, _Jd: 67, 234,255257, Ben-Cw-dm:
29.
Hm hnizm-kn-Itf, \n ]c-kv]cw \n-fpsS [\w Ahn-ln-X-ambn Xncp-Xv. \n ]c-kv]cw Xr]vXn-s I-hS-

- f
- n-eq-sS- D-s
- Xm-gn-sI. \n
\nsfs h[n-bpacp-Xv. \nbw, Amlp \n-tfmSv hfsc IcpWbp--h- Xs-bm-Ip-p.
]c-kv]cw Xr]vXn-s I-hSw Fp]d-m, Hfnhpw ad-hp-sam-p-an-msX Imcy Xpdp ]d-p-sIm-p I-h-S-am-Wpt-in-p--Xv. AmsX ambw-tN,
]qgvn-sh-v, Icn-- Fnh \S-p-I-bpw, Uyqn-tv km[-\- sImSpv Hdn-Pn
\e-ns hne hmp-I-bpw, Ifhv ]d-bp-Ibpw, Ifhv \S-pIbpw sNbvXpsIm-p
IhSsfmpw A\p-h-Z-\o-b-a. \n \nsfs h[n--cpXv Fp]d-
Xns hnh-, \n B-l-Xy- sN--cp-sX-p-am-{X-a, I-h-S--fnepw CS-]m-Sp Ifnepw Hfnhpw h\bpw sNbvXm hn--s-h ]ns \n-fpsS ASpv hcm-Xncn-p-Ibpw, As\ \n-fpsS Ih-Sw- {I-taW \in-m\n-S-h-cp-sa-p-amWv, am{Xa
AXv ]c-kv]cw hntZz-jhpw i{Xp-Xbpw hn-n-m\pw sIme-\-S-m Xsbpw t{]cnn-p-w Fp-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. Bmhv Am-lp-hnt-Xpw, icocw AXn\v k-cn-p-Xn-\pthn Ah-\p-m-n-b hml-\-hpw, AXn-\p Bbpv Ah \n-bn-n-p--Xp-amWv.
Fn-cns Ah-[n- F-pXn\papv B-l-Xy-hgn kzs sImp-Xv Am-lphn-s\-s sImp--Xn\v ka-am-Wv. AXv [nmchpw h-enb A]-cm-[hpw Xs-bmIpp (A-n-km-Av: 93 t\mp-I). ico-c-ns DSa Am-lp-hm-b-Xn-\m AXns\
tISp-h-cp-p Xc-nep ]pI-h-en, aZy-]m-\w, ab-p-a-cp-v XpS-n-b-h-bpsS D]-tbmK-w \njn--am-Wv. Ccw hkvXp--fpsS I-h-S-n-eqsS e`n-p em`-n\n
Xnepw \njn--am-Wv. Amlphns hn[n-hn-e-p-I ]n]n Pohn-pIhgn am{Xta
\nv imnbpw kam-[m-\hpw e`n-pIbp-q. _-Jd: 188 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I).
An-km-Av (4)
30.
403
Bsc-nepw i{Xp-Xm-]cambpw A{I-a-]-c-ambpw As\ {]hn-m

Atm \mw Ahs\ \c-I-n thhn-pIXs sNpw, AXv Am-lphn\v hfsc Ffp--ap-- Imcy-am-Ip-p.
AdnpsImv A\y-cpsS [\w h-\bneq-sS-tbm, Nqj-W-n-eq-sStbm hi

mnbm Ah-cpsS ico-cw \c-I-n Icn-sSpIXs sNpw (Xu_: 3435
Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). \njnw Xnv icocw ldm-am-n-bm {]m-\-I kzoI-cn--s-SpI-bn, Jp-B\ns BibwsImv am{Xta Bm-hn-s\ ipo-I-cn-m Ign-bq.
`Whn`-h- A\p-h-Z-\o-bamtWm \njn--amtWm Fv Xpemkmb Jp-B\ns
Bi-bwsImv (A-pd: 17) Xncn--dn-bmsX Ign-pIhgn AXv ico-cs Zpjn-n-m
CS-hcp-p-Xm-Wv. (_Jd: 126,168-169,172,186 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I).
31.
\n \n-tfmSv hntcm-[nsnp hIp-- hn-p-I-bmsWn \n-fpsS Xn-I \nv \mw ambvp-I-fbpIbpw, \nsf
am\y-amb m\-tv \mw {]th-innp-Ibpw sNp--Xm-Wv.
Am-lp-hn ]p-tNp-I, B`n-Nmc {]h-\

- f
- n Gs-Sp-I, Amlp \njn-am-nb Hcp \^vkns\ A\ym-b-ambn h[n-p-I, ]eni Xnp-I, A\m-Y-I-fpsS [\w
Xnp-I, bp-ap-J-p-\nv ]nn-cn-tm-Sp-I, ]Xn-{h-X-I-fmb \njvI-f--cmb hnizm-kn\n-I-fpsSta A]-hmZw ]d-bpI XpS-n-b-h-bmWv Ggv hIp---sfpw, \n-f-hsb
hn-pIsbpw \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. ^pJm: 68-70 kq--fn, ]c-a-Im-cpWn-Is CjvS-Zm-kam Am-lp-hn-t\m-sSmw asmcp Cem-lns\bpw hnfnp {]mnp-I-bn-. \ymbw IqSmsX Amlp \njn--am-nb Hcm-m-hn-s\bpw h[n-p-I-bn-,
hy`n-N-cn-p-I-bp-an Fp-]-d-n-p-v. Cu aqv hIp-- ]d--Xn-\ptijw Bscnepw As\ sNbvXm Ip-hm-fn-bmbn \c-I-n B]-Xn-p--Xm-Wv. Jnbm-a-p\mfn Ahv in Cc-n-np sImSppw, AhcXn \ny-cmbn imiz-X-cmbn Ign-pIq-Spw]m--]npaS-p-Ibpw hnizmkw cq]-s-Sp-p-Ibpw kI- {]hn-h-cp-sam-gnv. Atm Aq-v Ah-cpsS Xn-Isf \-I-fmn amnsmSp p-Xm-Wv Fp-]-d-n-p-v.
hIp--v {]mb-nw sNt--Xp-v. Jp-B\ns samw Bibw a\n-emn sXp-Ip-- Xncn--dnv lr-ZbwsImv Am-lp-hn-t\mSp Gp]d-bp-I-bpw,
ap -a-\p-jycn Acw sXp-Ip-- hcm-Xn-cn-mthn Ahv Jp-B\ns
Bibw Fn-m ]Whpw apw sNe-h-gn-pIbpw sNemWv Cv hIp--p
{]mb-nw. Ah Jp-B\ns Bibw e`n-m Ahbn sXpsNp--h-cmbn-cp-p F-n, Jp-B\ns Bibw e`n-pIhgn Ah- {km-hns\bpw Ahc-hscbpw
Pohn-X-e-yhpw Xncn--dn-m ]noSv hIp-- hcn-I-bn-. Hcm Jp-B\ns
Bibw e`n-p--Xn\papv Adn-hn-mbvasImv sNbvX Ip--sfmw, ap--hv JpB\ns Bibw ]Tn-n-pI hgn Ah sNm-\n-Sbp XnI Hgn-hm-n-b-Xn\p
{]Xn-^-e-ambn Abm-v \-Ifm-n amnsmSpp--Xm-Wv. X\np Innb A\p-{Kl-sfmw Jp-B\ns Bibw ]Tn-m\pw ]Tn-n-m\pw sNe-h-gnv kzKw ]Wnbm\pw, ]WnXkzKw A\--cm-h-Im-i-ambn hmm-\p-amWv a\p-jysc `qan-bn-tev \ntbmKn-n-p--Xv.
404
Jp- B - \ ns Bmhv
BIm-i-`q-an-Ifnep-sXmw Am-lphn\p-XmWv. Xn {]hn--hv XXmb {]Xn-êw sImSp-pXpw, \ {]hn--hv IqSp-X \-IsImv {]Xnêw sImSpp-Xpam-Wv. Aq, hIp--fpw t-hr-n-Ifpw (B{K-ln-mXs)
{]mtbm-K-n sImp-h-cp--hc- Fv \Pvav: 31-32 ]d-n-p v. A^m: 29,
Hm hnizm-kn-Itf, \n Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-b-n kqn-p-I-bm-sW-n \nv
kXyhpw Ak-Xyhpw thXn-cn--dn-bm klm-bn-p Hcp Dc-v \Ip-sa-pw, \nfpsS Xn-I ambvp-I-f-bp--Xpw, \np s]mdp-p-X-cp--Xp-am-Wv, Amlp almb A\p-{K-l-ap-S-b-h\tm Fpw ]-d-n-p-v. Az-em-Jv: 23 Amlp ]dbpp: Bsc-nepw Am-lphns\ lrZ-b-n kqn-p-I-bm-sW-n Ah-s\mcp
t]mwhgn \Ip-Xpw, Ah hnNm-cn-m--hn-[-n Ah\v `-W-hn-`-h- \IpXp-am-Wv. Bsc-nepw Am-lp-hn `c-ta]n-m- Atm Ah\v Amlp Ghpw
aXn-bm-b-h-\m-Ip-p. \n-bw, Amlp Ahs Imcy- ]qo-I-cn-p--h-\m-Wv
(hn-izm-kn-bpsS k-Zp-t-i--sfmw \S-n-emnsmSp-p-h\mWv). \nbw, Amlp
Fm-Im-cy-n\pw {Iahpw ]cn-[nbpw \n-bn-n-p-v. _Jd: 38, Ben-Cw-dm: 133-136
32.
Amlp \n-fn Nnev ap-Nn-e-sc-m IqSp-X \Inb A\p-{K-l-fn \n sImXn-pI-bp-a-cp-Xv. ]pcp-jamv Ah km-Zn-- hnln-X-apv, kv{XoIv Ah km-Zn--X-\p-k-cn-p hnln-X-hp-ap-v.
\n Am-lp-hn-t\mSv Ahs A\p-{K-l-n\nv tNmZn-p-sIm-p-I,
\nbw Amlp Fm Hmtcm- kw-K-Xn-Isfpdnpw Adn-bp k-m\n-b-tm.
Hcmv Amlp \Inb A\p-{K-l--fn Akq-b-s-SmsX A\p-{K-l-Zm-Xm-hmb

Am-lp-hn-t\mSv Bh-iy- tNmZn-m-\mWv ]Tn-n-p-Xv. \_n (k) {]mn-m
]Tn-n-n-pv:
Am-lpth, \o \In-bXv XS-bp--h-cn-, \o XS-Xv \Ip--h-cp-an, \o hn[n-Xv XSp-p--h-cn-, \o XS-Xv hn[n-p--h-cp-an-, Hcp {]am-Wn-bp-sSbpw
{]am-WnXzw \ns-b-Sp- hnetm-hp-I-bp-an-. ]pcp-j\v Xms\mcp kv{Xobm-bn-cp-sn bp-n ]s-Sp-msX hon NS-v Iq-Sm-am-bn-cp-tmsbpw, kv{Xo Ahsfmcp
]pc-j-\m-bn-cp-s-n A\--c-h-Imiw CcnIn-p-am-bn-cp--tm, bp--fn-semw ]sSpv c-kmywhlnv kzKw t\Sm-am-bn-cp--tm, B-hw-t]m-ep tO-h-I-fn\nv c-s-Sm-am-bn-cp-tm Fsmpw Icp-Xm ]mSn-. ]pcp-j\mbn P\nm\pw kv{Xobmbn P\n-m\pw Bpw Ah-Im-i-an Fmw DS-a-bmb {kmhv \nbn--XmsWv a\n-emn Hmtcm-cp-pw \In-bn-p A\p-{K-l- D]-tbm-Ks- S pn kzKw ]Wn- b emWv Pohn- X - e - yw. ]pcp- j \mhs kv { Xobmhs
\mtfpthn, kzKhpw \c-Ihpw ]Wn-tbXv Ah-ch
- Xs-bm-sWv Cu kqhpw
]Tn-n-p-p (liv: 18 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). ]pcp-j kv{Xobp-sSbpw kv{Xo ]pcp-j-sbpw
thjw [cn-m ]mSn-. Jp-B ]Tn-p-I-bpw, ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNp Imcy-n
Akq-b-s-Sm-sav \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. AXn\pthn sNe-h-gn-p- ka-bhpw
kpsamw \mtf-p apXq-mbn tcJ-s-Spp-Xp-amWv. _Jd: 94-95, 105,109110, 286, Ben-Cw-dm: 7374 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
An-km-Av (4)
33.
405
Fm Hmtcm-cp-pw, amXm-]n-Xm-fpw IpSpw-_-n\nv A-Sp--hcpw

hntpt]mIpXn \mw A\cmh-Imiw Gs-Sp-p-Ibpw sNbvXncn
pp. Fm \n Icmdn-tes-n-cn-phv Ah-cpsS hnlnXw
sImSp-p-sIm-p-I. \nbw, Amlp Fm-Im-cyhpw hon-p-sIm-ncn-p kmn-btm.
c-_
- a
- p-h
- nS-bn Amlp \n-bn-n-p hnln-Xa
- mWv A\-c
- m-hI
- miw
(Alvkm_v: 6 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Fm Zp-]p-{Xam, ]u{Xam, B-kp-lr-p
XpS-nbhv samw kzns aqn-semphsc hkzn--v sNmsav \_n
(k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. Am-lp-hns tat\m--n \oXnbpw \ymbhpw ]men-p-sImmbn-cn-Ww Fm-Im-cyfpw \n-ln-t-Xv Fpam{Xw. _Jd: 180 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
34.
]pcp-jam kv{XoI-fpsS \nb-m-Xm-f

- m-Ip-p. Amlp Ah-cn Nnesc
Nne-tc-m t{ijvT-cm-n-bXpsImpw, ]pcp-jam Ah-cpsS [\-n
\nv (kv{Xo-Iv thn) sNe-h-gn-p--Xp-sIm-p-am-WXv. Atm
k--\fmb kv{Xo-I A\p-kc
- W
- kz-`m-ha
- p-h
- c
- pw, ]pcp-jam-cpsS A`mh-n, Amlphns- tat\m--n Amlp kqn-m ]dXv
kqn-p--h-cp-am-Ip-p. GXv kv{XoI-fn\nv A\p-k-c-WtSv `b-sSptm, Ahsc \n D]-tZ-in-p-I, Ah-sc InS-dI-fn shSnbpIbpw
ASn-pIbpw sNp-I. As\ Ah \nsf A\p-k-cnp-h-cm-bm
]ns \n Ah-cpsSta asmcp amKhpw At\z-jn-m-hp--X-.
\nbw, Amlp AXyp--X\mb hen-b-h- XsbmIpp.
]pcp-jam-cpsS ico-c-L-S\ kv{XoI-fpsS ico-c-L-S-\-bn\nv hyXy-kvX-am-Wv.

Ahv kv{XoIsf At-]-nv GXpka-bpw Fhn-sSbpw X\npt]mIm-hp--Xm-Wv.
Fm kv{XoIv Zqsc-bm-{Xbnepw, cm{Xn-Im-e--fnepw apw X\n-p-t]m-I kpcnX-a. kv{XobpsS \nb-m-Xmhmbn ]pcp-js\ \n-bn-m\p cm-as Imc-Ww,
Ahs [\-n\nv Ahpthn sNe-h-gn-pp F-Xm-Wv. kv{XoIv `W-hp-w ]mn-Shpsamw \-Im\pw, hnhm-l-aqeyw \Im\pw km-n-I-tijnbnsn {hX-a-\p-jvTnv B-\n-b-{Ww ]men-pPo-hn-m-\mWv bphm--tfmSv \_n (k)
]Tn-n-np-Xv. AmsX kv{XoI-fpsS `mKp\nv kv{Xo[-\hpw B`-c-Whpw hmn
hnhm-lw-sNpXv A\n-kvem-an-Ih
- pw, s]Ip-n-Isf Poh-t\msS Ipgn-p-aq-Sn-bn-cp Pmlnenm hyh- \S-n-emp-Xn\v hgn-sh-pXpam-Wv (Alv: 57-59 t\mp-I).
Amlp kqn-m ]dXv kqn-p--h Fp]d-m, Ah-fpsS Nmcn-{Xyhpw
`m-hns k-pw kqn-p--h Fm-Wv. AYhm `mhns kXwIqSmsX
Atlw hne-nb e-fn t]mhp-I-tbm, Atlw CjvS-s-Sm-hcp-ambn _sSp-Itbm, `m-hns [\-n\nv kXwIqSmsX Zm\-[- sNp-Itbm sNm-h- Fw.
A\p-k-c-W-tSv ImWn-p kv{XoIsf hnhm-l-tam-N-\-w sNp--Xns aptmSn-bmbn kzoI-cn-t aqpL-, Hv: auC-f-mb (bq-\pkv: 57) Jp-B\ns
BibwsImv D-]-tZinp-I. cv: Htc-In-S--bn InSv kwtbm-K-n-tes-SmsX
406
Jp- B - \ ns Bmhv
\mev]Xv Znhkw Ign-p-Iq-p-I. aqv: Am-lp-hn-t\mSv Ch-fpsS kz`m-h-samv \mnc-W-sav lrZ-b-n {]mn-p-sImv ASn-p-I Fn-h-bm-Wv. (_Jd: 228 ,
An-km-Av: 25 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I).
35.
Z-Xn-In-S-bn-ep _w `nn-p-sav C\nbpw \n `b-s-SpIbm-sW-n Ahs _p-f

- n\nv Hcp- a-[y-s
- \-bpw, Ah-fpsS _p-fn\nv Hcp a[y-s
- \bpw \ntbm-Kn-p-I. Ah-cn-cp-hcpw A\p-cR
- vP\w
(tbm-Pn-v) B{K-ln-m Amlp Ahn-S-bn tbmPn-n\v thpI
\Ip-X
- mWv. \nbw, Amlp k-m\nbmb Fmw hebwsNbvX
{XnIm-em-\n-b-tm.
"Ah-cn-cp-hcpw tbmPn-p-t-in-m' Fp]d-m Z-Xn-I-fmb cp-t]- Fpw

a[y-am-cmb cp-t] Fpw Bi-b-ap-v. Amlp Fmw Adn-bp--h\pw {XnIme-m-\n-bp-amWv Fp]d-bp-tm, cp-t]cpw Bmambn Am-lp-hn-t\mSv
{]mnWsapw, FmImcy-fpw Amlp t\cs \n-bnv tcJ-s-Sp-n-shn-p--XmsW hn[n-bn hniz-knp {]hn--W-sa-p-am-Wv. _Jd: 234,255 hni-ZoI-cWw t\mp-I.
36.
(hn-izm-kn-I-tf) \n Am-lp-hn\pthn-am{Xw Pohn-p-I-bpw, Ah\n Hcp-h-kvXp-hn-s\bpw ]ptNm-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-hn. \n

amXm-]n-Xm--tfmSpw _p-tfmSpw A\m-Y-tcm-Spw, AK-Xn-I-tfm-Spw, _p-fmb Abhm-kn-I-tfm-Spw, kao-]--cmb Abhm-kn-I-tfm-Spw, klhm-kn-I-tfm-Spw, hgn-bm-{X-m-tcmSpw \n-fpsS A[o-\-X-bn-ep Zmkn-Zmkam-tcmSpw Ghpw \mbn hn-p-hn. \nbw, Al--bm
hn-X-\pw, s]m--mc\pamb Hcm-sfbpw Amlp Cs-Sp--h-\-.
37.
kzbw ]nipv ImWn-p-hcpw, P\--tfmSv ]nip-n\pthn Iev]n-phcpw Amlp XtInb A\p-{K-l- ]qgvn-sh-p--h-cp-am
Wh. Acw \n-sI \ntj-[nI-v AXn\ny-amb inbmWv \mw
Hcp-n-sh-n-pXv.
Xu_: 6768 kq-fn I]-S-hn-iz-mkn-I-fpsS kz`m-h- t\mp-I. Am-lphn\pthn Pohn- pI Fp]d- m, Jp- B - \ n\nv Am- l p- h ns
kz`mhapsmv Ahs {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmbn Pohn-pI FmWv. amXm-]n-Xm--tfm-Spw
_p--tfm-Spw A\m-Y-I-tfm-Spw AK-Xn-I-tfm-Spw IpSpw-_-n\n-Sp Abhm-knI-tfm-Spw A\y-cmb Abhm-kn-I-tfm-Spw kl-hm-kn-I-tfmSpw hgn-bm-{X-m-tcm-Spsamw
Am-lp-hns Xr]vXn-bnJp-B-\ns shfn--nGhpw \-\n-e-bn hnWsam-Wv. Am-lp-hns tIm]-n tIm]n-pIbpw, Am-lp-hns Xr]vXn-bn
\IpIbpw, Am-lp-hns AXr-]vXn-bn \Im-Xn-cnp-Ibpw sN-Ww. X-fpsS
Io-gn-ep tPmen-m-tcmSv am{X-a
- , hfpPohn-It- fmSpw ap Poh-Pm-etfmSpw Amlp
Ah-sbpdnsmw hn[n-Zn-hkw tNmZnpsa t_m[-n- s]cp-am-td--Xm-Wv.
Amlp \Inb A\p-{K-l- ap--hv \tI-n-h-cp-sav IcpXn kzbw ]nipv
Im-Wn-p-Ibpw, ap--hsc AXn\v t{]cn-n-p-Ibpw sNp--h \n-sI Im^n-dp-I-fm-
An-km-Av (4)
407
sW-pw, Pohn-X-eyw adv kzbw hn-Xcpw Xmt]m-cna \Sn-p--h-cp-amb C-cmv lo-\-amb in t\c-sXs Amlp Hcp-n-sh-n-pspw ]d-bp-tm,
Hmtcm-cp-cpw Cu kq--fpsS Bibw a\-n-emn "]m]n-bmb, ASn-a-bmb Fs
\jvS-s-Sp--cpXv DS-a-bm-b- \mYm' Fv a\-p-sImv {]mn-p-I-bpw, Amlp
\Inb A\p-{K-l- Jp-B-\ns shfn--n D]-tbm-K-s-Spn kzKw ChnsS
]Wn-bp-I-bp-amWv th-Xv. `Ww, hkv{Xw, hml-\w, ]mnSw Fn-h-bn-semw
Am-lp-hns A\p-{K-l- {]I-Sn-n--W-sav \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-cn-p-p. _Jd:
24,174,264,268, Ben-Cw-dm: 136,180182 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
38.
Am-lp-hns\smpw Ay-Zn-\ssmpw hniz-kn-m-sX P\sf

ImWn- p- - X n\pthn X- f psS [\w sNe- h - g n- p- - h cpam- W - h .
Bsn-epw ]nimNv Iqp-Im-c-\mbm, Atm Ah Zpjn- Iq-pImcXs.
]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-Is kvac-W-sb-smv (Jp-B\ns Bi-b-s-sm-v) BcmtWm

AI (a-Sp-v) ImWn-Xv, Ahv \mw ]nim-Nns\ -Iq-p-Im-c\mbn \n-bn-p-sImSppsav kpKvdp^v: 36 ]d-n-p-v. B Zpjn--Iq-p-Im Ah-sc Am-lphns
amKs-sXmv XS-bp-I-Xs sNpw. Fm-e-h kamKnemsWvv IWpIqpXmWv (kp-Kvdp^v: 37). As\ Ah cp-Iq-cpw \n-tev hm Ah
]d-bpw: IjvSw F\npw \n\panSbn cv DZ-b-m-\-fpsS AI-bp-m-bn-cps-n F{X- \-m-bn-cp-t-t\, \o F{X \inIqp-Im-c (kp-Kvdp^v: 38). AtZn\w
Ahn-sS-shv kSw ]d--Xp-sIm-tm, ]c-kv]cw Xn--Xp-sImtm Ccw A{Ian-Iv (k-PZ: 22) Hcp D]-Im-chpw e`n-p-I-bn-, \nbw, Ah in-bn ]p-Im-cpam-bn-cnpw (kp-Kvdp^v: 39 t\mpI, liv: 17, Jm^v 27-29 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Pnp-Iq-pIm-cs\ Jp-B\ns samw Bibw-sImv hnizm-kn-bm-msX Hcpa\p-jy\pw hnizmkn-bm-Im km[y-a-. P\-sf t_m[n-n-m thn ]Ww sNe-h-gn-p--h-tcmSv
Ay-\m-fn Ahp {]Xn-êw B P\tfm-Sv hmn-m Amlp Iev]n-psav \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. Am-lp-hns\ t_m[n-n-m-\-msX amsc t_m[n-nm-\m-sW-nepw Ah ]nimNn-s\-bmWv t_m[n-n-p--Xv. Am-lp-hn-s\-b-msX
am-sc-sb-nepw hnfn-p-{]mn-mepw Ah ImcpWyw hne--s-, i]n--s-, kwib-ap-m-p ]nim-Nn-s\-bmsX hnfn-pn Fv An-km-Av: 117 ]d-n-p-v.
_Jd: 99,168169,257 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
39.
Am- l p- h ns\smpw Ay- Z n- \ ssmpw hniz- k n- p- s Imv

Amlp \In-bn-p hn`-h
- f
- n\nv sNe-hg
- n-n--cp-p-sh-n AhsptZmjamWp--Xv. Amlp Ah-scp-dnv icnpw Adn-hp--h
Xsbm-Ip-p.
Pohn-X-eyw a\-n-em-nb hnizm-kn-I, Ah h-tm sImp-h-cm-Xpw

t]mIp-tm sImp-t]m-ImXpamb Fm A\p-{K-l
- fpw D]-tbm-KnpsImv ChnsS
kzKw ]Wn-bp--Xm-Wv. As\ ac-W-tm-Sp-IqSn ]WnX kzKn-tev {kmhv
Ah-scsm-pw, Ah {km-hn-s\-smpw Xr]vXn-s-p-sImv Xncn-p-t]m-Ip--Xp-amWv.
Ahv kzKhpw \c-I-hp-samw Hmtcm \^vkpw ChnsS ]Wn-tb--Xm-sWv Da
408
Jp- B - \ ns Bmhv
t- _m-[y-ap-m-bn-cn-pw. (ABw: 94, kPZ: 15-16 Iqn-hm-bn-pI). _Jd: 271, BenCwdm:

40.
\nbw, Amlp BtcmSpw AWp-A-fhv A\oXnImWn-p-I-bnXs.

BcpsS ]-senepw Hcp\bps-n Amlp AXns\ Cc-n-n-p-Xpw, Ah\n\np al-mb {]Xn-êw \Ip--Xpam-Wv.
\bpw Xn-bp-samw Hmtcm Bm-hn\pw \In-bn-p-v. Atm Am-lp-hn-\pthn {]hn-p-Xv am{Xta \-bm-hp-I-bp-q. AYhm Jp-B kq-
sXfnhmbpcnmhp (_plm) hmp-Ifpw {]hrn-Ifpw am{Xta \-bm-hp-I-bpq (_-Jd: 111 t\mp-I). Jp-B kq- aqSn-sh-p-sIm-p {]hrn-I-sfmw
]mgm-bn-tm-Ip-sapw, hn[n-Zn-hkw Xpem-kn Xq-ap-m-hp-I-bn-spw Ilv^v 103-105
]d-n-p-v. A-Bw: 160, BcmtWm Hcp \ sImp-h--Xv, Atm Ah\v
AXns ]n-cn {]Xn-^-e-ap-v. BcmtWm Hcp Xn-sImp h-Xv, Ah\v X-Xmb
{]Xn-^-e-a-msXbn, Ah-tcmSv A]wt]mepw A\oXn -ImWnsSpIbn-spw ]dn-p-v. Hcp \- {]-hn-m Dt-in-mXs Hcp]pWy-ap-v, Fm Hcp \
-{]-hn-m Npcp-n-bXv ]v \-Ifp-spw, Hcp Xn -{]-hn-m-\p-tinm
Xn-bmbn ]cn-K-Wn-p-I-bn-spw, Xn-{]-hn-m X-Xmb {]Xn-êw am{Xta
e`n-p-I-bpq Fpw \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. Amlp Bscbpw kzKn-tetm
\c-I-n-tetm Bp-I-bn-, Ah-c-h Xs-bmWv Ah-c-h-cpsS `mK-t[bw \n-bnp--sXv Cu kqhpw ]Tn-n-p-p. _Jd: 186,245,261 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
41.
Atm Fm Hmtcm kap-Zm-b-n \npw Hmtcm kmn-sbbpw, CqcpsSta kmn-bmbn \nsbpw \mw sImp-h-cp-tm Fm-bn-cnpw
Ah-?
\lv: 89Dw kam-\m-i-bnep kq-amWv. Fm Hmtcm -k-ap-Zm-b-n\pap

kmn Ah-cn-tev \ntbm-Kns {]hm-N-I-amcm-Ipp. apl-Zv (k) \ntbm-KnsXp-ap-X Ay-\mhsc-bp a\p-jyv kmn apl-Zv (k) Bbn-cnpw (amCZ:
109, A-Avdm^v 6 t\mpI). Fm \_n (k)bpsS -Im-e-tijw \_nsb ]n]-p
hnizm-kn-I-fm-bn-cnpw kmnI-fm-hpI (kpa:69). _-Jd: 143epw lv: 78epw Amlp
]d-bp-p: \n-fn {]hm-N-I kmn-bm-Im\pw \n a\p-jyv kmn-bm-Im\pw
thn. {]hm-N-Is PohnXw Jp-B-\m-bn-cp-p. (_Jd: 146, ABw: 20 Iqn-hm-bn-p
I). Jp-B Xs-bmWv Ghpw henbkmn. kamKw hp-I-gn--tijw Bscnepw {]hm-N-It\mSv hnLSnv hnizm-kn-I-fpsS amKa-m-Xv ]n]-n-bm \mw Ahs\
Xncn-t-S-tv Xs Xncn-p-Ibpw \c-In Icn-p-Ibpw sNp--XmWv Fv
An- k m- A v : 115 ]d- n- p- v . Fm {]hm- N - I amcpw hnizm- k n- I - f m- s Wv
Azm^mv: 81,111,122,132 kq-fn\nv a\-n-em-mw. kpa: 69, {Kw lmPcmp- s apw \_n- a m- s cbpw, kmn- I - s fbpw sImphcp- s apw Jp- B - \ - \ p- k - c np
hn[nIev]n-p-sapw ]d--n-p-v. Ah-c-h-cpsS {]h\ dnmUp-Xs A\-Iq-e
ambpw {]Xn-Iq-e-ambpw kmyw hln-p--Xm-Wv Fv CkvdmAv: 13-14, Ilv^v: 49,
bmko: 12, \_-Av: 2729 XpS-nb kq--fn ]d-n-p-v. IqSmsX Ah-c-h-cpsS
An-km-Av (4)
409
ssIIm-ep-I kwkm-cn-p-sav bmko: 65epw, sXmen-I-fpw, tIhn-bpw, ImgvNbpw

kmywhln-p-sav ^pn-ev: 19-24epw ]d-n-p-v (Ckvdm-Av: 36 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
`qan kwkm-cn-p-sav knkm: 4 ]d-n-pv (Aq: 2425 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
42.
AtZn\w kXy-s-aq-Sn-sh-p-Ibpw, {]hm-NI

- s\ [n-cn-p-Ibpw sNbvX
h Cu `qan-]n-fv Xsf hngp-n-sImv \nc-m-sb-n Fv B{K-lnp-t]mIpw. Av Ah-cpsS Hcp h-am-\hpw (kw-K-Xn-bpw) Am-lpadp-sh-p-I-bp-an-.
Jp-B aqSn-sh Im^n Cl-nshv Ah-\p-thn Hcp-n-sh kmZyw

ImWpZn\w, Hm! Fs \miw, Rm am-bn-on-cp-s-n F{X \m-bn--cp-tt\
Fv tJZnv hne-]n-p-sav \_-Av: 40 ]d-n-p-v. Jp-B Inn-bnv AXns\
Ah-K-Wn A{Ian Av Xs ssII-Snv, tlm! Fs \miw Rm dkq-ens amKw
]n]-n-bncp-s-n, tlm! Fs \miw Rm Cm-en--hs\ B-an-{X-ambn sXcs-Sp-n-pm-bn-cp-n-sn F{X-\-m-bn-cp-tt\, Ah-\m-Wtm Fs Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n \nv, F\n-Xv hp-In-n-b-Xn-\p-tijw XS--Xv, lm ]nimNv a\pjy\v alm-h
- I
- Xs-bm-bn-cp-p Fv hne]np-Xm-Wv (^pJm: 2729 t\mpI).
Atm ]nimNv Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n \nmWv a\p-jys\ XS-bp-I-sbv Ay\m-fn Ah kzbw k-Xn-p-I-bm-Wv. (AAvdm^v: 179, Ilv^v: 100-101, A^Pv: 2324 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Av {]hm-N-I Cu Jp-B sImp-hv, "Fs \mYm, Fs
Cu P\X Cu Jp-B\ns\ Ah-K-Wnp Pohn--XmWv Ahp-h ZpK-Xn'-sbv
A\ym-bw- t_m-[n-n-p--Xp-am-Wv (^pJm: 30 t\mp-I). ^mnl: 3, Ben-Cw-dm:
43.
Hm hnizm-kn-Itf, \n av ]nSn--h-cmbnsmv (e-lcn _m[n--h-cmbnsmv), \n ]d-p-sIm-n-cn-p-s

- X-sv Xncn-d
- n-bp-X
- phsc
\akvImctmSv A-Sp--cp-Xv. P\m-_-p--tm Ipfn-p--Xphscbpw
(\n \a-kvImctmSv A-Sp-c
- p-X- v- --- )hgnIS-p-t]m-Ip-h
- s
- cmgnsI. C\n
\n tcmKn--I-tfm As-n bm{X-mtcm Asn \n-fn Bs
nepw hnk\w sNt-n-hp, Asn \n kv{XoI-fp-ambn
kwkK-n-tesp, Fm \nv shsan--Xp-an (In-n-b-Xp
an-) Fn ipn-bp ap-]-tbm-KnpsImpI, AXpsImv \n-fpsS
apJ-fpw \n-fpsS ssIIfpw XShpI. \nbw Amlp Gsd hnSpXn
sNp- Gsd s]mdp-p-sIm-Sp-p--h- Xsbm-Ip-p.
(amCZ: 6 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Iv \nam\w sNp--Xns cmw-L--ambn

Ah-X-cn-n-p kq-am-Wn-Xv. el-cn-_m-[n-Ah--bn, FmWv ]d-bp--sXv
Xncn--dn-bp-Xphsc \a-kvImcs kao-]ncpsX-mWv Amlp Cu kq-n-eqsS
Iev]n-p--Xv. Ddw AXn-P-bn-p- Ah--bnepw, ae-aq-{X-hn-k\w sNm-\p-tm-gpw, ITn-\-amb hnipw Zml-hp-ap-f-f-tm-gp-samw Ah ]cnl-cn--Xn-\p-ti-jw- am-{Xta
\a-kvImctmSv ASp-mhq Fv \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. \a-kvIm-c-n-em-bmepw
Amtmgpw Bi-b-a-dn-bmsX Jp-B HmX-cp-sXv \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v.
410
Jp- B - \ ns Bmhv
\n Jp-B HmXp-I, \n-fpsS lrZbw Hmpambn _-s-Sp-tm, Ah cpw

`nn-m Fgp-tpt]mhpI. Bibw Adn-bp--h-scs Bi-b-n\nv XSbmthn ]nimNv Ah-cpsS {i hnhn[ taJ-e-I-fn-tev Xncn-p-hn-Sp--Xm-Wv. (amCZ:
90-91, AAvdm^v: 175, ^pJm: 29, kpKvdp^v: 36, apPm-Zne: 19 XpS-nb kq--
t\mp-I). BibanmsX Jp-B HmXn-bm, HmXnb Jp-B A-h-s\-Xn-cmbn
kmywhln-p--Xpw hmZn-p--Xp-am-Wv. \_n (k) ]Tn-n-p: Jp-B \n\v {]amW-amWv As-n \n\-s-Xn {]am-W-am-Wv. Ad_n-bn-ep sSIvv Jp-B\ns
ico-c-am-Wv. Jp-B\ns Bmhv lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn-ep AXns Bi-b-w (A-nIv) B-Wv (lnPv: 69, Ilv^v: 101, bmko: 69, kzmZv: 1,8, Xzmlm: 124 t\mp-I). ZnIv
F ]Zw Jp-B-\n 100 e-p-v, Ahn-sS-sbmw Jp-B\ns Bi-b-amWv ZnIv.
(\lv: 43, AnbmAv: 7,50, AI-_qv: 45, bmko: 11, kpKvdp^v: 44, Ja: 17, PpapA:
9, ap\m-^n-Jq: 9 XpS-nb kq-- Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Jp-B\ns icocw hngp-p-h ^mPn-dm-sW-pw, Ah-\mWv P\--fnshv Ghpw Zps\pw \_n (k) ]Tnn-n-p-v. Jp-B\ns Bi-b-a-dn-nv ]n]-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw ap--hsc Bi-bn\nv XS-bp-Ibpw sNp--h-\mWv ap\m-^n-Jv. (_Jd: 24,44,99 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m
pI).
Ah-km\Imev \_n-bpsS klm-_n-I-sf-tmepw sNdpXm-n ImWnp hn[
n \a-kvIm-c-w t\mv XpS-nb -{]-hrn-I-fnsemw [mcm-fambn apgp-Ip Hcp-P-\X
]pd-s-Sp-sapw, Ah Jp-B HmXpw, Fm-eXv sXm--p-Xmsg (lr-Z-b-n-tev)
Cd-p-I-bn-spw, AXp-hgn Ah Zo\n\nv hnn\nv Av sXdn-p-t]m-Ip
thK-n sXdnp-t]m-Ip-sapw \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. Ben-Cw-dm: 10se Im^n
Bcm-sWv \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-Xv t\mpI. JpB HmXp aqv hn`m-K-n
hnizm-knv am{Xta Jp-BsImv KpWw Inp-I-bp-q. B hnizm-kn-tbmSv am{X-amWv
\a-kvI-cn-m\pw t\ms-Sp-m\pw kImv \Im-\p-samw Iev]n-n-p--Xv. (_Jd:
184-186, An-km-Av: 103, Xu_: 53-54 t\m-p-I). ap -cp hn`m-K-mcmb ^mPndpIfpw
ap\m-^nJpIfpw tN-h-cmWv apPvcnwI. Jp-B-\n ap-sm-Xv ev
apPvcnwIsfpdnv ]d-n-p-v. (AAvdm^v: 40, kpa: 59, kPZ: 11,22, ^pJm: 31 XpS
nb kq-- t\mp-I). Cu ap\m-^n-Jp-Ifpw ^mPn-dp-Ifpw \c-I-nshv ]ckv]cw \n apPvcnwIfmbncpsvv Ipw]d-bp cwKw Ap-A-dm-Av: 99, k_-Av: 32,
kzm^mv: 33-34 kq--fn apdnbnv \Inbn-p-v. _Jd: 166-167 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
\a-kvImcw \ne-\nm ]d--Xp-Xs Jp-B\ns Bibw \ne-\nm-\msWv Xzmlm: 14 ]d-n-p-v. \a-kvIm-c-t-m apK-W\ sImSp-t-Xv JpB\ns Bi-b-n-\m-sWv AAvdm^v: 170, AI-_qv: 45, ^mXzn: 29 kq-fn\nsmw a\-n-em-mw. Bbncw dI-Av \a-kvI-cn-p--Xn-t\-m ]pWyw
Hcp-kq--ns (Bibw) ]Tn--em-sWpw, \qdv dI-Av \a-kvI-cn-p--Xn-t\-m
]pWyw Hcpkqw ]Tn-n--em-sWpw \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. Jp-B- (lJv)
CmsX {]m-\-Ifpw {]h-\fpw kzoI-cn--s-Sp-I-bn-. _Jd: 45,152153,186
An-km-Av (4)
411
"P\m-_v' Fp]d-m AI, A\yX Fsmw Bi-b-ap-v. kwt`mKw

sImtm A-s-n C{n-b-kvJe\wsImtm ico-c-ip-n-bn\nv AI-p-t]m-hp-IbmWv AXp-sIm-p-t-in-p-X
- v. P\m-_
- p-mbm IgpInhrnbmn "hpfqAv' sNpXphsc ae-p-Ifmb Fgp-p-Im Fgp-Xp-I-bn-sv \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. Fm
]nc-Sn-bn-ep Iyq- (C-kvdm-Av: 13) Fmka-bpw dnmUp-sN-p-p-v. (Ilv^v:
49, Pmknb: 28-29 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). P\m-_-p-h ]n-bn- Xma-kncpsX-pw,
Fm ]n-bn-eqsS hgn-ap-dn-p-I-S-m-sapw Cu kqw ]Tn-n-p-p. tcmKn-Ipw,
bm{Xmpw, kv{Xokw-kKw (kw-tbm-Kw) sNbvXp- P-\m-_-p-m-bhpw, shw
Inm--h--bn -ip--amb ap-sIm-v X-Shn (X-bpw sNbvXv) ipn-h-cp-m-hp-XmWv. hnky- hrn-bm-p--Xn\pw shwInm-- Ah--bn ap-]-tbm-Knm-hp--Xm-Wv. C\n shw Inn-bmXs ITn-\-amb XWp-m-sW-n ap-]-tbmKnp "Xbpw' sNm-hp--XmWv. G-X-h--bn-epw \akvImcw Hgn-hm-m hnizm-knIp ]mSn-. Ah \S-p-If
- n-epw Ccp-p-If
- n-epw InS-p-If
- nepw Am-lp-hns\ kvacnp
_pn-amam-cm-Wv. (_Jd: 152, 238239, Ben-Cw-dm: 191 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
44.
thZ-n\nv Hcp-hn-lnXw e`n-h

- cntev \ns {i-Xn-cn-pthm? Ah
kzbw hgn-tI-Sv -hm-n-bn-cn-p-p. \n-sf-qSn kamK-n\nvhgn]ng-n-m- km[n-n-cp-s-n, Fhcp-t-in-pIbpw sNpp.
kqw Ah-X-cn-n ka-bs \_n-bpsS apn-ep PqX-ss{I-kvX-hscpdn-mWv Cu ]-cm-aisan Cv {Kw Jp-B am{X-am-bXn\m apkven-fn-ep hnhn[
kwL-S-\-Isfp-dn-mWv Cu kqw {]Xn-]m-Zn-p--Xv. BenCwdm: 103 Fmhcpw
tNv Jp-B apdp-sI-]n-Snv Hkw-La
- m-Im (A-m-lp-hns kwLwamCZ: 56, apPmZne:
22) Amlp Iev]n-p--sXmpw ]cn-K-Wn-msX, Ah-c-h-cpsS ]-ep--Xn BmZn-p--knv Ign-p-Iq-Sp apivcnp-I-fmWv Cu kwL-S-\-I-sf-m-sav _Jd: 137,176,
ABw: 158-159, Adqw: 31-32, apAvan\q: 51-53 XpS-nb kq--fn ]d-np-v.
hnizm-kn-I ^mnl-: 7mw kqn "tIm]n--s--h-cpsS amK-n-e' Fv
]mcm-bWw sNp-tm Ccw ap\m-^n-Jp-I-fmb kwL-S-\m-t\-Xm--fn tN-cpsXpw, "hgn-]n-g-hcpsS amKn-e' Fp]d-bp-tm Cu kwL-S-\-I-fn-sem-pw
s]Sp--cpXv FpamWv lrZ-b-n Icp-tX--Xv. (_Jd: 86,109, Ben-Cw-dm: 9091
45.
\n-fpsS i{Xp--fm-cm-sWv Ghpw Adn-bp--h Am-lp-hmIp-p.

\nv kwcI- \ m- b nv AmlpXs aXn, klm- b n- b m- b pw
AmlpXs aXn.
46.
blq-Z-cm-bn-o-h-cn\n-v, Ah ]Z-sf AXns m\-p-\nv

sXn-p-I-bpw, "R tIp, R [n-cn-p-p' Fpw "\o tIp-h-\-' Fpw "dmC\m' Fpw X-fpsS \mhp-I h{In-p-sIm-pw,
kXy-Zo-\ns\ Ifn-bm-n-sImpw Ah ]d-bp-Ibpw sNp-p. Fm
\nbw Ah "R tIp, R A\p- k - c n- p- I bpw sNbv X p,
\osbmv tIp-Ibpw, RsfqSn -{i-n-pIbpw sNpI' Fp]d-
412
Jp- B - \ ns Bmhv
n-cp-s-n AXm-bn-cp-p Ahp--ahpw Ghpw sNmmb amKhpw.
Fm Ah-cpsS kXy\ntj[w ImcWw Amlp Ahsc i]n-n-cn-pp.
Atm Ahcn Ipd-p-t]- am{X-a-msX hniz-kn-p-I-bn-.
amCZ: 13, 41-42 kq-fn, PqXam-cp-sSbpw ap\m-^n-Jp-I-fp-sSbpw Ccw I]S-\bw icnpw hy-amn ImWn-n-p-v. (_Jd: 93 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). ]Z
m\-p-\nv sXn-pI Fp-]-d-m, ]Z-fpsS LS\ ampI, ]Z-Xs
amn-a-dn-pI, kzw hym-Jym-\-hgn Aw amp-I, bYm Bibw a\-n-em-ImXn-cn-m kq`mKw apgp-h-\p--cn-msX aqSn-sh-p-I, \_n-bp-sSbpw A\p-bm-bn-I-fpsSbpw ASp-p-hv Ah-cpsS kwkm-cw-tIv Xncn-p-h-m kzwhI s]mSnpw
sXmepwshv sXmbn dntmp-sN-p-I, A]-Ion-bpw sXn-m-c-Wbpw {]N-cnnv
Bfp-Isf bYm JpB-\ns hgn-bn\nv -am-n-\np-I- Fs-m-am-Wv. CsX-mamWv Ckvem-an\nv t]mbn PqXcmbn-o PqXam sNbvXp-sImn-cp--Xv.
Cv temIshn-sSbpw Am-lp-hns {K-tm-Spw, hnizm-kn-I-tfmSpw Ccw
kao-]\w ssIsIm-p-Xv apkvenw P\-X-bnse kwL-S\m t\Xm-fmb I]-S-hn-izm-knI-fmWv. (Ben-Cw-dm: 78 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). Amlp i]n-- hn-`m-Khpw Amlp
h[n-m Iev]n- GIhn`m-Khpw Ch-cm-Wv (An-km-Av: 91, Xu_: 73,80,123, Alvkm_v:
60-61, ap\m-^n-Jq: 46, apPm-Zne: 810, liv: 11-13 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). apkven-fn HapAvan\p-an-msX Fm-hcpw ap\m-^n-Jm-Ip-tm-gmWv temIw Ah-km-\n-pI (AlvJm^v:
35 t\mp-I). Cv PqXam-tc-m Ckvem-ans i{Xp- Ccw ap\m-^n-Jp-I-fm-Wv.
hnizm-kn-I Jp-B\ns Bibw a\p-jyv ]d-p-sIm-Sp-p--Xns\ ]cn-l-kn-pXpw Ifn-bm-p-Xpw, Acw kZ-p-I XS-bm Xe-]p-I-mtemNn-p-Xpw, KqVX-{- {]tbm-Kn-p-Xpw Ccw a\p-jy-n-im-Np--fmb ey-t_m[w \jvS-s
ap\m-^n-Jp-If
- m-sWv Jp-B\ns shfn-
- n t\mn-bm ImWm-hp-X
- m-Wv. Ccw
ap\m-^n-Jp-I-fpsS Fw h[n-p-sIm-t-bn-cn-pw. AXpsImmWv Cmev JpB AW--p-]-tbm-Knv ISn-p-]n-Snp Pohn--W-sav \_n (k) ]Tn-n--Xv. (_Jd:
67,88,159-161,254-256,286 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I).
47.
Hm thZw \I-s-n-phtc, \n-tfm-sSm-a

- p-X
- ns\ kXy-s-Sp-n-sImv
\mw Ah-X-cn-np-sIm-n-cn-p thZ-n \n hniz-kn-phnNneap-J-sf \mw hnIr-X-amn ]pd-tIm-p-Xn-cn-p-Itbm, As-n i\n-bmgvN-\m-fp-Imsc i]n-Xpt]mse i]n-p-Itbm sNpwapm-bn. Am-lphns Iev]\ \S-n-em-m\p-Xv Xs-bpam-Ip-p.
CXn-\p-apv thZw \I-s PqX-ss{I-kvX-h-cn {]tXy-Inv PqX-scbmWv ChnsS

A`n-kw-t_m-[-\w sNp--Xv. (_Jd: 65-66 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). Ah-cn\nv
[nmcw {]hn--h-sc, Cl-ns-h-pXs apJw a\p-jy-cp-tSXpw icocw Ipc-nsbpw ]n-bp-tSXpamn amnadn-p-I-bp-mbn (am-CZ: 60). Ccw [nm-c-\bw
XpSm \n-fpsS apJwXs hnIr-X-am-p-sa-pw, Ip-I apn-ep-Xv ]nn
temnamp-sa-p-w, tIhnbpw ImgvN-bpw _pn-i-n-bp-samw FSp-p-I-f-bp-sa-pamWv aZo-\-bnse PqXam-tcmSv ap-dn-bnv \Ip-Xv. Fm Cu kqw Cv XmoXv
\Ip-Xv PqXam-cpsS kz`m-hw ]n]-p I]-S-hn-izm-kn-IsfbmWv. \_n (k)bpsS
An-km-Av (4)
413
{]m\m ê-am-bmWv Cltem-I-p-shp Ah-cpsS apJw hnIr-X-am-m--Xpw, AhcpsS cq]w Ipc-p-I-fpw ]n-I-fpw ]n-I-fp-ambn amn-a-dn-m--Xpw. ]c-temI-v hnNmcW-p-tijw \c-I-n Ch {]thin-n--s-SpI ]nim-Nns hnhn[ cq]-fm-b Chbp-sS-sbmw cq]-fn-embn-cnpw. \c-I-nse ]mpw tXfp-samw a\p-jycpw, PnpIfp-am-bn-cn-pw. Cl-tem-I-nse ]mp-I-sfbpw tXfp-I-sfbpw hnNm-c-W-p-tijw amn-Xop-I-bmWv sNp-I. ap\m-^n-Jq: 4mw kq-a-\p-k-cnv Amlp h[n-p-I-f
Cu hn`m-K-n\v, Cl-n kuI-cy--sfmw \In-bnpXv Am-lp-hns ]c-a-Imcp-Wn-I- F kz`mh-ns `mK-ambnm-Wv (kpKvdp^v: 32-35 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). am{X-a
Cu ap\m-^n-Jp-I-fn BcpsSsbnepw Hcm-fpsS apJw hnIr-X-am-p-I-bm-sW-n ]ns
temIw Ah-km-\n-p-I-bp-an-. kzX{ krn-I-fmb a\p-jycpw Pnp-Ifpw \cIw
Asn kzK-w kzbw km-Zn-p--Xm-Wv. ^mnl: 2,7, _Jd: 166167,286, BenCw-dm: 30,138 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
48. \nbw Amlp Ah-\n ]p-tNp-Xv s]mdp-p-I-bnXs. AXm-s
- Xmw Ah\p-t-in-p-h
- v A-h s]mdp-p-sIm-Sp-pXpamWv.
BcmtWm Am-lp-hn ]p-tNp-Xv, \n-bw Ah hn- h
- ymPhpw
`b--c-amb Iphpw sIna-n-cn-pp.
An-km-Av: 116 kam\mi-b-ap kq-am-Wv. bqkp-^v: 103,\osb{X Pm{KX
]men-mepw P\--f-n A[n-I-t]cpw hniz-kn-p-I-bn-spw P\-fn A[n-I-t]cpw
Am-lp-hn ]p-tNp-sImmsX hniz-kn-p-I-bn Fv 106-epw ]d-n-p-v.
Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n\nv Am-lp-hns\ a\-n-em-m-XpsImmWv inv hcp
-Xv. (_-Jd: 186 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). Adn-hn-mbvasImv sNbvXXv Am-lp-hnt\mSv Gp]d-m s]mdp-p-sIm-Sp-p-sav An-km-Av: 17-18 ]d-n-p-v. epJvam:
13 epJvam Xs aIs\ D]-tZ-in-p-sImv ]d-bp-p: Fs Ipp-tam-t\, \o Amlp-hns A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i--fn ]p-tN-cp-Xv, \nbw inv hn A{Iaw XsbmWv. lv: 31, Bsc-nepw Am-lp-hn ]p-tNm Ah BIm-i-p-\nv
hoWh-s\-tm-se-bmWv, ]n-I Ahs\ dmn-sm-p-t]m-hpItbm, As-n
Imn\m eywsXn Fhn-sS-sb-nepw AKm[K--fn sNp-ho-gp-I-tbm sNpsav -]-d-npv. AYhm Acw Bfp-I eyn-se-p-I-bn- Fv Npcp-w.
Alv: 100, Am-lp-hn ]p-tNp--h-cpsStaemWv ssim\v A[n-Im-c-apXv Fp]d-n-p-v. Am-lp-hn ]p-tNpI Fp]d-m, hogm t]mIptm-gpw B]-pL---fnepw klm-b-w tXSn-smvv Am-lp-hns t]c-msX Ahs
krn-I-fpsS t]cphnfn-epwAtm Ah ssim-s\-b-msX hnfn-p-n Fv
An-km-Av: 117 ]d-bp-pAhs\ Cm-bva-bn\nv -kr-jvSn Ahs {km-hn\v
Ah-s\-p-dnv kqva-m-\-an-san, Ah-\n-tev ASp-n-m CS-bm-fam-scbpw
ip]mi-m-scbpw shepam-Wv. (Alv: 74, kPZ: 4, bmko: 78, kpa: 23,
apIv: 14 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Am-lp-hns kwL-amb GI-kw-L-ns]SmsX CX-ckw-L-S-\-I-fn s]-h-scmw apivcnp-Ifpw, ]nim-Nns kwL-hp-am-Wv (apPm-Zne: 1922
Iqn-hm-bn-p-I_Jd: 176 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). Amlphns\ ad--h Ahscs ad sXm-SnIfpw apivcnp-I-fpamWv (liv: 19). Jp-B Inn-bnv ]nSn-h-nbn-msX A[-a-amcpw ap--h-cm shdp--s-Sp--hcpw apivcnp-Ifpw, apJw-Ipn
414
Jp- B - \ ns Bmhv
\c-I-n-tev hen-n-g--s-Sphcp-am-Wh (^pJm: 34, apIv: 22 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).

Npcp-
- n Jp-B\ns Bi-b
- n\nv Amlphns kz`mhw a\-n-emn Ahs
{]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmbn ChnsS Pohn-p hnizm-kn-I-f-m--h-scmw ]nim-Nv ]mn-em-p
Bbn-c-n sXmm-bn-cn sXmq-n-sbm--Xn s]Sp--XmWv. (An-km-Av: 118,
lv: 34,12-13, kzmZv: 82-83 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
Jp-B\ns Bibw hp-In-n-bnv Rm\-Xv D]-tbm-Kn-n-tm Fv Ccw
apivcnp-I hne-]n-p cwKw ^pJm: 29 ]d-n-p-v. Jp-B\ns Bibadnnv ]n]-m I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I Jp-B Inm--h-cpsS ]m]-`mcw-IqSn hlntnh-cp-sav ABw: 26 ]d-n-p-v. (Alv: 2426, AI-_qv: 12-13 Iqn-hm-bnp-I). Jp-B Inn-bnv D]-tbm-KsSpm, Fgp-pw-hm-b\
- bpw Adn-bp Hcmpw
kzK-n {]th-in-m km[y-a- (AAvdm^v: 40 t\mp-IBen-Cw-dm: 136,182 hniZo-I-cWw t\mp-I). AAvdm^v: 33, Amlp bmsXmcp {]am-W-hp-an-d-n-bn-n-m-
hsbsmv Am-lphn ]p-tN-epw, Jp-B\ns Bi-b-an-msX Am-lphns\pdnv ]d-bepw \njn--am-n-bn-p-sv ]d-n-p-v. kImv \Imhcpw
]c-tem-Is \ntj-[n--h-cp-amb Amlphn ]p-tNhmWv \c-I-nse
"ssh' F sNcp-shpw, Am-lp-hnsta Iw sIn--av ]d-bp--h Cq-ns] apivcnp-I-fm-sWpw ^pn-e-v: 67 ]d-n-p-v. (C_vdmlow: 22 t\m
pI). ^mnl: 4, _Jd: 169170,173,257 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
49.
({]hm-NIm), Xsf kzbw ipo-Ic

- n-p Hcphn`m-K
- n-tev \ns {iXncn-p-thm, Fm Amlp Ah-\p-t-in-p--hsc ipo-I-cn-p-p,
Ah-tcmSv AWp-A-fhv A\o-Xn-sN--s-Sp--Xpa-.
50.
t\mpI, Ah F-s\-sbm-amWv Am-lp-hn-s-ta Iw-sI-n--av

]d-bp-Xv, Ahsc inn-p--Xn\v hy-amb sXfn Cu- IpwXs
Ghpw aXn-bm-b-Xm-Ipp.
R hnip--cm-Wv, R {]hm-N-Iam-cp-sSbpw al-p--fp-sSbpw afpw

]nKm-an-I-fp-amWv, AXpsImv R \c-I-n {]th-in-p-I-bn-, {]th-in-m
Xs ]ip-p-nsb Bcm-[n F-s \mfp-I-fn am{X-amWv {]th-in-n--s-SpI
Fs-m-ap PqXam-cpsS Dn-en-cnn-\p adp-]-Sn-bmWv Cu kq--fn-eqsS Amlp
\Ip--Xv. (_Jd: 80,94-95,111,113, Ben-Cw-dm: 70,183 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I). Fm
Cv hnizm-kn-I-f-m apkvenfpsS kz`m-h-am-Wn-sXmw. apkven-fm-bn P\n-m
c-spshpw, kzKn {]thinmsap-amWv Ah-cpsS Dn-en-cpv. Fm-hcpw
apkven-am-bn-mWv P\n-p--Xv, ]Xn\v hb-n-\pti-j-ap Pohn-X-nse Hmtcm \nanjs-Ip-dnpw Hmtcm-cp-cpw H-sm-v Am-lp-hns apn Dcw ]d-tbnhcp
sa Jp-B\ns XmoXpI-sfmpw Ch ]cn-K-Wn-p-n-. lpP-dmv: 13, P\\wsImv bmsXmcp {]tXy-I-X-bn-, XJvh(`-n)sImv am{Xta {]tXy-IX-bpq Fv
Amlp ]d-Xv ]cn-K-Wn-msX 14 ]d _Zp-A-d-_n-I-fpsS hnizm-k-am-Wn-hp-Xv. AXpsImv APvav: 32 Amlp ]d-bpp: \nsf `qan-bn\nv -\-p-hfnbtmgpw, \n-fpsS amXm-f
- psS K`-]m-{X-fn \n ad-n-cp-t- mgpsamw
An-km-Av (4)
415
Amlp \n-sf-p-dnv Ghpw \mbn Adn-bp--h-\mWv. Atm \n \nsf

kzbw ipo-I-cn-m-Xn-cn-pI, lrZ-b--fpsS Ah--b-dn-bp Am-lp, \n-fn-em-cmWv
Ghpw IqSp-X Am-lphns\ kvacn-p-sXpw, lr-Z-b-n kqn-p ap-Jo-sfpw Adn-hp--h-\m-Wv. As-nepw Cs apkven-fpsS ]nXm-a-lam-scmw
_lp-ssZ-hm-cm-[I-tcm PqX-tcm ss{IkvX-htcm Bbncp-p.
\n ipo-I-cn--cpXv FXns hnh-, Imew-sImpw tZiw-sImpw
hwiwsImpw hKw-sImpw kap-Zm-bw-sImpw kwL-S-\-IsImpw \n ta\-S--cp-Xv, DuwsIm-cp-Xv, s]mw \S--cpXv Fsm-am-Wv. Fm Hmtcm hyn
Ifpw CsXmw Amlp \Ip--Xm-sWv Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n\nv a\-n-emn
Ah-c-hsc Xncn--dnv kzbw ipo-I-cn--W-sa-mWv Iev]n-p--Xv. Awkv: 910
kq--fn- Ah-c-hsc ipo-I-cn--h (Xn-cn--dn--h) hnP-bnp, Ah-chsc ipoI-cn-m--h (Xn-cn--dn-bm--h) ]cm-P-b-sp Fpw, AAvem: 14-15 kqfn,
\nbw Ah-c-hsc kzbwXncndn-bp-Ibpw (ip-o-I-cn-p-I-bpw) Xs \mYs \mas
Fm-bvtmgpw kvacn-p-Ibpw, {]tXy-Inv AXn-\p-thn \a-kvI-cn-p-Ibpw sNbvX-h
hnPbwhcn-hcm-Wv Fpw-]-d-n-p-v (Xzmlm: 14 Iqn-hm-bn-pI). Jp-B\ns Bib-n lrZ-bw-sImv Am-lp-hns\v Xs hn[n Amlp t\cs \n-bn-npv (Xu_: 51, lv: 70, lZoZv: 22,) Fv a\-n-emn Ftmgpw Amlphnt\mSv
"Rm ]m]n-bmb ASn-a-bmWv, DS-a-bmb \o Fs \jvS-s-Sp--cp-Xv, Fs hn[nhnp-v, AXv \c-I-n-te-p--Xm-sW-n ASn-a-bmb F\nv AXv Xncp-m km[y-a, DS-a-bmb \o Fs-smv AXv Xncp-n-n-tWta' Fv lrZ-bw sImv {]mnp-I-bpw, Jp-B\ns Bibw ]Tn-m-\pw, ]Tn-n-m\pw Amlp \Inb Fm
A\p-{K-l-fpw D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p-Ibpw sNbvXv kzKw ChnsS ]WnbemWv Pohn-X-eyw. hnizm-kn-bm-ImsX Hcmmhpw kzK-n {]th-in-p-I-bn-sv apAvan: 40epw,
hnizm-kn-bm-Im t]tcm thjtam Hpw amt--Xn-sv _Jd: 62-epw, amCZ: 69epw
Amlp ]d-np-v. hnizm-kn-I am{Xta P\n--Xp-t]mse kkzw Am-lp-hn-\v k-anhcmbn, apkven-ambn acn-p-I-bpq.
Jp-B Inn-bnv hnizm-knbmIm km[nm apkven-sfmw ac-W-k-a-bv
"Rm Im^n X-s-bm-bn-cp-s'v kzbw kmywhln-p-sav AAvdm^v: 37 ]dn-p-v. ^pn-ev: 26-28se Im^n ap\m-^nJpw, 29se Im^n ^mPn-dp-am-Wv. ABw: 21- Amlp tNmZn-pp: BcmWv Am-lp-hn-s-ta Iw-sI-n--av ]d-bp-h-t\-m Asn Ahs kq- Xn-d
- b
- p-h
- t- \-m Ghpw henb A{Ian?
\nbw, Ccw A{I-an-I hnPbw hcn-p-I-bnXs. bq\p-kv: 17- Amlp ]dbpp: BcmWv Am-lp-hn-s-ta Iw-sI-n--ap ]d-bp--h-t\-m As-n
Ahs kq- Xn--d-bp--h-t\-m Ghpw henb A{Ian? \nbw, Ccw
{`mam hnPbw hcn-p-I-bnXs. AI-_q-v: 68 Amlp tNmZn-pp:
BcmWv Am-lp-hn-s-ta Iw-sI-n-a
- v ]d-bp-h
- t- \-m As-n Ahs kXyw
hp-In-n-b-tm Xn--d--h-t\-m Ghpw henb A{Ian? Ccw \ntj-[n-Iv
\c-I-n ]mnSw t]msctbm? Cu kq--fn-se-mw Am-lp-hnsta Iw-sIn--av ]d-bp--h I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifmb Im^n-dp-Ifpw, Jp-B Inn-bnv Xn--d-h ^mPn-dp I-fmb Im^n-dp-I-fpam-Wv. (A-Bw: 93, kPZ: 3, kp-a: 32 Iqn-hm-bn-pI).
416
Jp- B - \ ns Bmhv
\_n (k) ]Tn-n n-p-v: Xs C Rm sImp-h

-- Xv ]n]-pXphsc Hcmfpw
hnizm-kn-bm-hp-I-bn-. Jp-B-\n-msX Hcmpw hnizm-kn-bm-Im Ign-bn-sv
CXn\npw a\-n-em-mw. (_Jd: 24,27-28,186,213,254, Ben-Cw-dm: 10,102,185 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I).
51.
({]hm-NI
- m), {K-n \nsmcp-hnlnXw \Ishcn-tev \ns {iXn-cn-p-thm, Ah "Pn_vnepw' "XmKq-nepw' hniz-kn-p--hcpw, kXy\ntj[nI-sfp-dnv Cq-cmWv hnizm-kn-Itf-m Ghpw t\amKn-sev ]d-bp--h-cp-am-Wv.
52.
Aq-sc-bmWv Amlp i]n-n-p-Xv. Bsc-bmtWm Amlp i]n-n-pXv, Atm Ah\v bmsXmcp klm-bn-sbbpw \o -Isp-I-bn.
"Pn_vv' Fm anYy, ASn-m-\-c-ln-Xw, \njvvêw Fsm-s-bm-Wv Aam-p--Xv. a{-hmZw, amc-Ww, tPymXn-jw, aplqwt\m, iIp-\w, \-{X-êw,
PmX-I-^-ew, m\wt\m, IWn-Im-W, lkvX-tcJ t\m, sNmm-tZmjw
t\m XpS-nb ASn-m-\-c-ln-Xhpw A-hn-izm-kP\y-hpamb Fm Dulm-t]mlpw \nK-a-\-p-ap ka-{Kamb t]cmW"Pn_vv'. ]n -eWhpw, iIp\w -t\m--epw, {]iv\wsh-epw Pn_vns]-Xm-sWv \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-pv.
AmKq-v: tZtl, Im-Im-cW
- h
- am-cpsShgn A-ambn A\p-kc
- n-, kwLS-\m]--]m-Xw, hKo-b-X, tZio-b-X, kzm-X, kzP-\-]--]m-Xw, hwiobX, enwK-]-]m-Xw XpSn Jp-B-\ns hn[n-hn-e-p-Iv hncp--amb, Am-lp-hns amKn\v hncp--amb ]nim-Nns hgnbmWv XmKq-v. (_Jd: 257 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m pI).
Cv Jp-B-\mWv ]q{Kw. Fm-e-Xns Bfp-I-fmWv Cu A-hn-izm-k--fnepw,
A\m-Nm-c--fnepws]v Jp-B-\m-Ip shfnw D]-tbm-Kn-msX Ccp-n XnXSv
Pohn-X-eyw \jvS-sv Pohn-p--h-scv ImWmw. Ah Fm- Xn-Ifn apn-epw,
\-Ifn ]nn-ep-amWv Fpw -Im-Wmw. Cm-c-W-m aq{X-sam-gn-m Igp-Im-hscsmpw, Amlp i]n--, tIm-]n PqXam-sc-smpw Chsc ASn--ap
ImgvN-bmWv temI-s-hn-sSbpw ImWp--Xv. samw temI-n {]Im-iw-]-cm\pw
c-sm-cn-nenm-Xmn a\p-jy-cpsS sFIyw \ne-\nm\pap D]-I-c-Wamb JpB kzbw D]-tbm-KnmXn-cn-p-Ibpw, ap--hsc D]-tbmKnm A\p-h-Zn-m-Xn-cnp-Ibpw sNp--Xn-\p Cl-nse in-bm-W-Xv, ]c-n AXn-I-Tn-\-amb inbn-tehsc Xn-hn-Sp-Ibpw sNpw. _Jd: 85 t\mp-I.
R Jp-B ]Tn-p-I-bpw, ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNp-pv, ]ns R-sf-m
D-aam-cm-cmsWv Duw \Sn-p Ben-Cw-dm: 10- ]d I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fmb
Im^n-dp-I, t\-h-gn-]m-Sv a{w am-cWw kv{Xo[-\w kmap-Zm-bn-I-Xzw kzP-\-]--]mXw
XpS-nbhsbmw sImp-\-S-p ^mPn-dp-I-fmb Im^n-dp-I-fmWv bYm-hn-izm-kn-Isf-m kamKn-sev hmZn-p--hcmWv. t\mv, s]cp-m XpS-n Fm hnjb--fn-epw hnizm-kn-I sImp-\-S-p bYmZn\w ]n]-msX kmap-Zm-bnI sFIyns t]cpw-]-dv `qcn-]--ns IqsSqSpI-bm-W-h sNp-I. bYm- s]cpm- Zn-hkadn-npw Fp-sImmWv hncpw {]hn-p-sv Ah-tcmSv tNmZn-
An-km-Av (4)
417
m, kap-Zm-b-n On{ZXbpw `n-Xbpw hnXp-Xv Hgn-hm-m-\mWv R Dtin-p--Xv FmWv Ah adp-]Sn ]d-bpI. A-Bw: 116, `qan-bn A[n-I-t]-scbpw
A\p-k-cn-p-I-bm-sW-n Ah \ns Am-lp-hns amK-n\nv sXn-p-I-f-bpsap ]d-Xv Ah ]cn-K-Wn-p-n-. Fm Bbn-c-nepw sXmm-bn-cn sXmqn-sbm-Xv \c-I-n-tepw Hv kzK-n-te-p-amsW hkvXpX AwKo-I-cnpnsp am{X-a-, AXv P\--fn\nv aqSn-sh-p-Ibpw sNp-p. kapZmb sFIy-n\pthn inphsc A\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-sWv aqk, lmdq \_n-am-sc D-cnv, Jp-B\ns
bYm Bi-b-n-\p-hn-cp--amb hymJym\w \Ip--h-cm-W-h. Ah-cpsS t\Xm
fn, R kzK-n-tev Wn-p--h-c-, kwL-S-\-bn-tev Wn-p--hcmWv Fv -bmsXmcp `b-hp-an-msX ]-d-bp--h-cpapv. Cv Jp-B\ns Bibw ]dbp kZv \nam\w sNmthn B{K-ln-p-I-bpw, ]cn-{i-an-p-Ibpw sNp-h Cu a\p-jyn-im-Np- Xs-bm-Wv, AmsX ssl-h-tcm, PqXtcm Jp-B ]dbp--Xns\ FXnp-n-. k-ap-Zmbnse `qcn-]--w t\-h-gn-]m-Sp-Ifnepw, A-hnizmkfnepw ]qtm-]cn in {]m]n-p-I-bm-sW-nepw Cu ap\m-^n-Jp-I Ahsc
hnain-p--Xn kuay-X- ]p-ep--hcpw AsXmpw In-sv \Sn-p--h-cpambn
amdn-bn-cn-pI-bpam-Wv. \nc-]-cm-[n-IfpsS cw Nnp Xo{h-hmZamKw ]np-S-cp-Xv
kap-Zmb sFIy-n\pX-Ins-nepw, `qcn-]
- k
- a
- p-Zm-bs `b-s-Sp-m D]-Ic
- n-psav
sXn--cnv AXpw BIm-sa-mWv Cq--cpsS Dn-en-cp-v. {]Xy--n Ah hKob-Xsb FXnp Ckvem-an-p-I-fpam-bn-cn-pw. Fs\sbnepw cmjv{Sobm[nIm-c
n Ib-dn--m-\m-Wv Ah Cu \bsamw kzoI-cn-p-Xv. Ben-Cw-dm: 2627 kq-fpsS Bibw Ah ]cn-K-Wn-p-pan. Atm Ccw \ntj-[n-I-tfmSv Jp-B
D]-tbm-Knv A[n-I-cn PnlmZv \S-m-\mWv Cv hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv ^pJm: 52
Amlp Iev]n-n-p--Xv. (Xu_: 73, Alvcow: 9 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 616,189,
Ben-Cw-dm: 86-89,119 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
53.
AX-, Ahv B-[n-]-Xy-n ]p-s-tm, Atm A-s\-bp-mbn-cp-s-n Ah AXn \nsm-cp -X-cnpw ap P\-v \Ip-ambn-cp-n-.
PqXamv temIns A[n-Imcw e`n-n-n-. A-Xp]mse ap\m-^n-Jp-Ipw

e`n-p-I-bn-. PqXampw, ap\m^nJp-Ipw A[n-Imcw e`n-m ]ns \oXnbpm-hp-I-bn. (_Jd: 251, lv: 40 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Fm akzo-lp--m
hm am-a-Zo\bpssSbp lnPmkv HgnsI temIwapgp-h Ah `cn-p-XmWv.
AXmWv ]mv amf-n-tev Hfn-p--Xp-t]mse Ckvemw Ay-Im-ev lnPm-kn-tev
]nh-en-bp-sav \_n (k) ]Tn-n--Xns s]mcp. Av I]-S-hn-izmkn-I PqXamcpsS IqsS Ahs Bfp-I-fpam-bn-cn-pw. BZw k-Xn-Iv C{X-henb \miw thsd
bn-sv \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. Fm IqSp-X Xma-kn-bmsX Cukm\_n (A)
hv akzo-lp--m-en-s\-bpw, PqXt\Xmsfbpw h[n-p--Xp-am-Wv. Av Cukm\_nbpsS t\Xr-Xz-n hnizm-kn-I A[n-Im-c-n hcn-Ibpw An-km-Av: 91, Xu_: 123,
Alvkm-_v: 61 Fo kqfpsS Iev]\
- I
- \S-n-em-p-X
- p-am-Wv. Av sslhcpw
ss{IkvX-h-cp-samw hnizm-kn-I-fpsS IqsS-bm-bn-cn-pw. Alvkm-_v: 60-61, i]n-s Ccw ap\m-^n-Jp-Isf FhnsSshv Ip-ap-n-bmepw ]nSn-p-sIm-p-I-f-bm Iev]n-
418
Jp- B - \ ns Bmhv
n-p-v. Fm Cu Iev]\ \S-nem-hpI Cukm \_n (A) h-Xn-\p-tijw am{X-am

Wv. Cu--\-p-cphns Nmen-\mWv \Jo Fp-]-d-bp-I, Fm "Xcnpw' FmWv
kq-neXn\v Aw sImSp--Xv. _Jd: 174-176, Ben-Cw-dm: 26-27 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\m-p-I.
54.
AX-, Amlp Ahs A\p-{Kln\nv \InbXns t]cn a\pjy-tcmSv Ah Akq-b-Im-Wn-p-I-bm-tWm? Atm \nbw C_vdmlow
IpSpw-_
- n\v \mw {Khpw XXz-m-\hpw, al-mb B[n-]X
- yhpw \Inbn-p-Xm-Wv.
55.
Atm Ah- c n Nne AXn hniz- k n- p, Ah- c n ap- N n- e

AXns\smv ]nn-cn-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Atm Ahsc Icnm \cIw
Xs-a-Xn.
Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-I-fn \np Hcm-fm-bn-cn-Ww {]hm-N-I (apl-Zv \_n)

F hmZ-m-cm-bn-cpp PqXam. C_vdmlow \_n-bpsS BZy-a-I Ckvam-Cu
\_n-bpsS ]c--cbn h apl-Zv \_nsb Akq-b-\n-anw Ah kzoI-cn-n-.
H{Kw am{X- a mWv `qan- b n hn- p- - X v . B {K- n hniz- k n- - h cpw B
{KssXmv kzbw XS-bp-Ibpw ap--hsc XS-bp-Ibpw sNbvX-hcpw C_vdm-lo-ans
]nK-man-I-fn-ep-v. {Kw Inn-bnv D]tbm-Kn-m-hsc Icnm \cIwXs aXn.
(ABw: 26-27 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Cv apgptemIpap {Kw Jp-B-\mWv, AXv
ap--hv \Im--h \c-I-n hen-s-dn-b-s-SpIXs -sN-pw. kzK-n-tepw
\c-I-n-te-p-am-p-Xv Ah-c-h Xs-bm-sWp Cu kqhpw ]Tn-n-p-p. Cv
{Kw ]Tn-n-p hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv Ghpw IqSp-X Akq-b-bp-Xv I]-S-hn-izm-knIm-Wv. {Kw Inn-bnv D]-tbm-Kn-m--h t]mIp \cI-n-tev {Kw
Inmhsc Amlp Ab-p-I-bn-. {Kw Snmbn D]-tbm-Kn--h t]mIp kzKn-te-pw Ahsc Ab-p-I-bn-. temI--fpsS DS-a-bmb Amlp Ahsc kzKhpw
\c-I-hp-a-m at-sX-nepw temI-tv Ab-pI-bm-Wp-m-hpI. _Jd: 109110,126,
132-133,169, Ben-Cw-dm: 74,181-182 t\mpI.
56.
\nbw, \psS kq- aqSn-sh--h-cp--tm, Ah \c-I-obn

thhn--s-SpIXs sNpw, Fm- Hmtcm {]mh-iyhpw Ah-cpsS sXmen
Dcp-Inbp-cpIn Cm-Xm-Ip-tm Xm-\v \mw AX-m ]pXnb
sXmenI shp-sIm-Sp-pw, in AXns ]q-cp-Nn-bn "Bkz-Zn-p'
-Xn\pthn. \nbw, Amlp AP--\mb k-{]-Xm-]nbpw X{\mb bpn-m-\n-bp-a-tm.
Xzmlm: 74, BcmtWm {`m-\m-bn-smv Xs \mYs\ kao-]n--Xv, Atm

Ah\v \cI-ap-v, AXn Ah Pohn-p-Itbm acn-p-Itbm sNp-n-. 75, BcmtWm
hnizm-kn-bmbnsmv Xs \mY-\n-tev hcp--Xv, Ah kzKw ]Wn-Xn-p-ap-v,
Atm Aq-v am\y-amb {]Xn-^-e-ap-spw ]d-bp-p. Ah-c-h-cpsS (\-c-I-hm-knI-fpsS) sXmen-I Ahs-Xn-cmbn kmyw hln-p-tm Ah sXmen-tbmSv tNmZnp--Xm-Wv: FmWv sXmeo, \o \ap-s-Xn-cm-bnv (F-\npw \n\-pw) kmywhln-
An-km-Av (4)
419
p--Xv? Atm sXmen ]d-bpw: Fm-hkvXp-pw AXns {]Xn-^-e-\-tijn

\Inb Amlp Fs-smv {]Xn-^-en-n--Xm-Wv. Ah-\m-Wtm \nsf Cm-bvabn\npw krjvSn-Xv, Atm (\o C{n-b-p-n-bm-bn-cp--tm) Rm\p-m-bn-cpn-tm, \n aS--s]-Sp-Xpw Ah-\n-te--tm. \n Hcn-epw hnNm-cn-n-cpn-, \n-fpsS tIhn-Ifpw ImgvN-Ifpw sXmen-Ifpw \ns-Xn-cmbn kmywhlnp-sa-v. Fm \n Icp-Xn-bXv \n {]hn-p-Xne[n-Ihpw Amlp
Adnbp-n Fm-bn-cp-p (^pn-e-v: 20-22 t\mpI). Jp-B kq- Innbnv aqSn-sh Im^n-dp-I \c-I-n Icn--s-SpI Xs-sN-pw. ico-c-n\nv
sXment]mbn-gn-m ]ns thZ-\-b-\p-`-hsSpI-bn-sv Cubn-sS-bmbn B[p\nIimkv{Xw Is-n-bn-p-v. AAvem: 13 ]ns B \c-I-n ac-W-tam, PohnX-tam- C Fp]d-bp-p. AYhm ]pXn-b-sXm-en-I shp-sIm-SppIhgn Dcp-In-bn-mXm-hp-I-bn- Fm-Wm-i-bw. acWan-s-n ]ns P\\hp--an- FmWv Bi-bw.
_Jd: 24,39,121,254, Ben-Cw-dm: 116 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
57.
hniz-kn-p-Ibpw kI- sNp-Ibpw sNp--hsctbmXmgv`m-K-fn-eqsS \Zn-I Hgp-In-sm-n-cn-p kzK-q-tm-p-I-fn {]th-inn-pIXs- sN-pw. Ah-c-Xn Fspw \nXy\nhm-kn-I-fp-am-bn-cn-pw.
Ah-Xn ]cn-ip--I-fmb CW-I-fpap-m-bn-cn-pw. \mw Ahsc A-anm-- io-X-f-Omb-bn {]th-in-n-p-Ibpw sNpw.
Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n hnizmkw cq]-s-Sp-pI-bpw, Jp-B\ns hn[n-hn-ep-I ]n]-p-IbpwthWw. hnizm-kn-bm-ImsX Hcmfpw kzK-n {]th-in-p-I-bn.
kqd: bmko-\n ]d apAvan\ns\tmse, aqkm \_n-tbmSv a-cnv ]cm-P-b-sv
hnizmkw kzoI-cn amc-W-m-sctmse, Kplm-hm-kn-Isftmse hnizm-knbmbtijw
hnizmkw {]I-Sn-n-m\pw kI- sNm\pw Ah-k-cw e`n-n-n-snepw Ah
kzKn {]th-in-n--s-Sp--Xm-Wv. (An-km-Av: 124, Alv: 97, apAvan: 40,
Xzmlm: 112 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 25,38,186, Ben-Cw-dm: 133-136 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
58. \nbw, Aam-\
- p-I AXn-s- Bfp-Iv Gnp-sIm-SpWsa-pw,
P\-nS-bn hn[n-In-p-tm \oXn-]qw Xocp-am\w Iev]n-Wsa-pw Amlp \ntfmSv Iev]n-p-p. \nbw, F{X \D]tZ-i-amWv
Amlp \np-\Ip--Xv. \nbw, Amlp Fmw tIp-, kZm
hon-v sImn-cnp-h\tm.
"Aam-\v' Fm hniz-kn-tn km[-\-fmWv. AXv bmsXmcp IpdhpwhcpmsX Xncn-p-sIm-Sp-Wsam-Wv kqw Iev]n-p--Xv. Alv: 90-91 Amlp
]d-bpp: \n-bw, Amlp \oXn-bpw Clvkm\pwsImv Iev]n-p-p, ASp--hv
Ah-cpsS Ah-Imiw \IWsapw. thpw \njn-hpamb-Xn \npw, AXn-{I-a-fn\n-pw \nsf hntcm-[n-p-Ibpw sNbvXncn-pp. \n lrZ--bw-sImv Hmanp-Xn-\p-thn \nsf D]-tZ-in-p-I-bm-Wv. Am-lp-hp-ambn sNbvX DS-SnI \n
]qn-bmpI, \n Am-lp-hns\ kmn-bm-n-sImv sNbvX {]Xn--Isfmpw
apdn-p-I-f-bm-XncnpIbpw sNpI. (_Jd: 283 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I).
420
59.
Jp- B - \ ns Bmhv
Hm hniz-kn-Itf, \n Am-lp-hn-s\bpw Ahs ZqX-s\bpw \n-fn
\np ssIIm-cy-Im--sfbpw A\p-k-cn-p-hn. \nfpw ssIImcy-Im-fpw GsX-nepw Imcy-n `nn-m, Atm \n-fXv Amlp-hn-tepw dkq-en-tepw aS-p-hn, \n Am-lp-hns\smpw
Ay-Zn-\s
- smpw hniz-knph-cm-sW-n AXmWp-ahpw, Imcy-fpsS ]cn-Wn-Xnv Ghpw \Xpw.
Imcy--fpsS \-]-cn-WnXn Fp-]-d-m, \n `nn-m-Xn-cn-m\pw sFIys-v aptmpt]mIm\pw AXmWv \-sX-m-Wv. (Ben-Cw-dm: 103 hni-Zo-IcWw t\m
pI). Ckvdm-Av: 35, \n Af-p-tm Afhv ]qn-bm-p-I, Jp-B-\m-Ip
t\scsNms-bp Xpem-kpsImv Xqp-Ibpw sNp-I, AXmWv Ghpw \ ]-cn-Wn
Xnv D-a-am-bn-p-Xv Fp]d-n-p-v. (Ben-Cw-dm: 31-32 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI).
{km-hns\ [n-cn-psImv krjvSn-Impw A\p-k-c-W-an- Fv \_n (k)
]Tn-nnp-v. BcmtWm Fs A\p-k-cn-Xv Atm-f-h Am-lp-hns\ A\p-k-cn-p,
BcmtWm Fs [n-cn-Xv, Atm-f-h Am-lp-hns\ [n-cn-p Fpw \_n (k)
]Tn-nnpv. liv: 7, dkq \nv \In-bXv \n kzoI-cn-p-I-bpw, dkq
\n-tfmSv hntcm-[n--Xn\nv hnp-\np-Ibpw sNp-I Fv Amlp hnizm-kn-ItfmSv Iev]n-n-p-v. \_n (k) ]Tn-n-p: \psS Iev]-\-bn-m Hcp {]hrn Bcp{]-hn-mepw AXv kzoI-cn-p-I-bn. (An-km-Av: 80, amCZ: 67, Aq: 52 Iqn-hmbn-p-I). ssIIm-cy-Im-s
- f- sIm-p-t-in-p-Xv ]WvUn-Xamscbpw cmjv{SobaX
t\Xm-sfbpam-Wv. "\n-f
- ns] ssIIm-cy-Im-' Fp-]d
-
X
- p-sImv, hnizmkn-Iv hnizmknI-fmb ssIIm-cy-Im-sf am{Xta kzoI-cn-m ]p-I-bp-q (Ben-Cw-dm: 28). AhcpsSXs hn[n-I Jp-B-\n-\pw, kp-n\pw hncp--am-hpI-bmsW-n A\p-k-cn-m ]mSn-Xm\pw. \_n (k) ]Tn-n-p: \nbw, Amlp-hnt\mSpw dkq-en-t\mSpw A\p-k-c-Wt-Sp-Im-Wn-p-sImv bmsXm-cmpw A\p-k-c-W-an-X-s, \nbw A\p-k-cWw kIm-cy-n am{X-am-Wp-Xm-\pw. Jp-B\ns hn[nhn-e-p-Iv hncp--ambn Bpw A\p-k-c-W-an-. apkven-fnse kwL-S-\-I-fmbn
hn`Pn--h-scmw apivcnp-I-fm-sWpw, hnizm-kn-Itf \n-f-Xn s]p-t]m-I-cp-sXpw
Jp-B ]d--Xn-\m kwL-S\m t\Xm-sf A\p-k-cn-mhp--X-. Alv:
43epw, An-bm-Av: 7epw \n-dn-hn-m-Xv ZnIvdns Bfp-I-tfmSv tNmZn-pI
Fp]d-n-cn-p-p. Atm Adn-hn-m Imcy- Jp-B\ns Bibw Adn-bp-h-tcm-SmWv tNmZn-t--Xv. A-msX Iim-kv{X- ]-WvUn-Xam-tcm-S, Acw
Bfp-Isfpdnv Xu_: 34 hniz-mkn-Isf hnfnp Amlp ]d-bp-p: \n-bw ]WvUnX-]p-tcm-ln-Xam-cn- A-[n-I-t]cpw P\--fpsS [\w Ahn-ln-X-ambn Xnp--h-cpw, P\sf Jp-B-\ns hgn-bn\nv -XS-bp--h-cp-am-Wv. (Xu_: 31 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
Cv Jp-B\ns Bibw Adn-bp-, AXv ]Tn-n-p H- ]-WvUn-X-\p-an-, adnv
Jp-B Ipd--hn-ev hnpI-bpw, \a-kvI-cnv hmSIhmn hb-dp-I-fn Xo \nd-p-h-cm-Wp--Xv. (_Jd: 159-161,174-176 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). Cs GXp t\Xm-sf ]np Smepw Ah \c-I-n-te-p-sImv t]mhpIXs sNpw. `qcn-]-ns Hmf-n IpSp-msX, Ftmgpw Jp-B\ns Bi-b-hp-ambn _-sv \nesIm-pI am{X-amWv hniz-kn-Iv Cp t]mwh-gn. \_n (k) lndm-Kp-l-bn-tev
An-km-Av (4)
421
t]mtIn-h Ah--bm-Wv hnizm-kn-Iv Cp-Xv. Fgppw hmb\bpw Adnbm hnizm-kn-I GsX-nepw ac-ns aqSv ISn-p-]n-Snv ac-Ww-hsc \ne-sIm-m\mWv
lpssZ-^
- p bam-\n-bpsS tNmZy-n\v adp-]S- n-bmbn \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-X
- v. Fm
Fgppw hmb-\bpw Adn-bp--h Jp-B-\m-Ip {]Imiw AW--p-]-tbm-Knv I-Sn-p]n-Snv PohnpI-bmWv thXv. PpapA: 9, hnizm-kn-Isf hnfnp Amlp ]d-bpp:
PpapA \mfn \a-kvIm-c-n-tev hnfn-m, Atm \n Jp-B-\ns Bibw
hni-Zo-I-cn-p JpXp_ {ihn-p--Xn-\p-thn Df-cp-I. Cv hnizm-kn-I-fpsS kwLanm--Xn-\mepw Jp-B-\ns Bibw hni-Zo-I-cn-p JpXp-_-bn-m-n-\mepw, kzoI-cn-s-Sp Pam-Av \a-kvIm-c-tam, Ppap-Atbm Cm-Xn-\m-epw Cv \_n-bpsS BZyL--n-se--t]mse Ppap-Abpw Pam-Av \a-kvIm-c-hp-an-. hnizm-kn-IfpsS kwLaps-n Ahv A-[n-Imcw \Ip-sav Aq: 55 ]d-n-p-v. B kwLapsn ap\m-^n-Jp-Isf sIm-W-sa Xu_: 123se Iev\ Ah \S-n-em-tnhcnIbpw sNpw. Fm- AXv Cukm \_n (A) h-tijw am{X-amWv \S-n-em-hpI.
_Jd: 152-153,186, Ben-Cw-dm: 7 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
60.
({]hm-NIm), \n\n-d--s--Xnepw \n\p-apv Cd--s--Xnepw \nbw

R hniz-kn-npv Fv hmZn-ph-cn-tev \ns {i-Xn-cnpthm?,
CS-]m-Sp-I-fn Xop-Iev]np-Xn-\p-thn XmKq-n-s\-bmWh Ahew-_n-m-\m-{K-ln-p--Xv. Fm AXns\ \ntj-[n-m-\mWv Ah-tcmSv
In--s-n-p--Xv. sNIp-m\mhs Ahsc hyXn-N-en-nv kamKn\nv _lp-Zqcw AI-p-hm\mWp-t-in-p--Xv.
Jp-B\ns hn[n-hn-e-p-Iv hncp--ambn GXp t\Xm--sf A\p-k-cn-mepw

AXv XmKq-ns\ A\p-k-cn--em-bn. Jp-BsImv hyn -Po-hn-X-nepw IpSpw_
Pohn-X-nepw kaql Pohn-X-nepw hn[n-Iev]n-m--h Xs-bmWv Im^n-dpw, fzmenapw, ^mknJpw Fv amCZ: 44-45,47 kq--fn ]d-n-p-v. ad--Im-cy- Adnbp-sa-v I-cpXn Bsc-nepw XmKq-p-Isf (X-, apkveym, Huen, ]Wn-
- , tPymy,
sam, _ohn, ssiJv, {]iv\wshp--h) kao-]n-p-I-bpw, Ah ]d-bp-Xv k{iw
tIp-Ibpw, Ah ]d--X-\p-k-cnv {]hn-p-Ibpw sNp--h ap-l--Zn\v Xs
\mY-\n\nv Cd--s--Xn hniz-kn-p--h-c Fv \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-cn-p-p,
AYhm Jp-B-\n hniz-kn-p--h-c-. Jp-B\ns Bi-b-s Xpemkpw ^pJm\pw, _kzm-Cdpambn D]-tbm-K-s-Spn Am-lp-hns hgnbpw XmKq-ns hgnIfpw
thXn-cn-d
- nv Am-lp-hns hgn-bn Pohn-p-ac
- n-m am{Xta Am-lp-hn-tev, kzKn-te-s-n-s-Sp-I-bp-q (^mnl: 7, _-Jd: 102,185,256257 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI).
Hmtcm-cp-scbpw H-sm--m-bn-mWv Amlp `qan-bn-tev sImp-h--Xv
(ABw: 94). ChnsS Hmtcm-cp-cpw Jp-B-\p-]-tbm-Knv kzKw ]Wn-b-emWv Pohn-Xe-yw. Am-lp-hns\ am{Xw B{i-bnv Pohn-p--h-cmWv hnizm-kn-I. Am--hscmw XmKq-ns\ B{i-bn-p--h-cpw, \c-I-n-te-p--h-cp-am-Wv. Fm Hmtcm Bbncnepw Hpam{Xw kzK-n-tepw _mn sXmm-bn-cn sXmq-n-sbm-Xpw
\c-I-n-te-p-am-Wv Fv \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v (A-n-km-Av: 118 t\mp-I). Av
aZo-\-bn Cu XmKq-p-Isf hn[n-Im-hmbn kzoI-cn-pkz`mhw PqXampw,
422
Jp- B - \ ns Bmhv
ap\m-^n-Jp-IpamWv Dm-bn-cp-sX-n CXv hnizm-kn-I-f-m apkvenw-ImWp--Xv. \c-I-nshp Ch Xn Xn-p- cwKw _Jd: 166-167 t\mp-I.
Pnp ssizm Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n \nmWv XS-bp-I Fv amCZ: 90-91, apPmZne: 19 XpS-nb kq--fn ]d-n-p-v. a\p-jy-ssi-zmam-cmb ap\m-^n-Jp-Ifpw
Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n\nv XS-bp-I-hgn \c-I-n-te-mWv hen-n-gv sImp-t]mhpI, Fm Ch Jp-B Hmp-]-Tn-np--h-cp-am-bn-cn-pw. Ben-Cw-dm: 10, Ankm-Av: 51 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
61.
Am-lp-hn\nv Cd-n-b Hntepw dkq-en-tepw \n hcp-hn

Fv Ah-tcmSv ]d-b-s-m, B I]-Sam-cmb ap\m-^n-Jp-I Xe-Xn-cnv
\nn\nv ]nn-cnpt]mIp-Xv ImWmw.
kqd: ap\m-^n-Jq\n ({]tXy-Inv 5mw kq-n) ap\m-^n-Jp-I-fpsS Cu kz`mhw

hc-p-Im-Wn-n-p-v. Jp-B ]Tn-n-m IS-a-s, A-Avdm^v: 175-176 D]-{Z-hn-mepw
Csnepw amwhcm \mb-tbm-Sp-]-an, Ccw ap\m-^n-Jp-I a\p-jysc \c-I-ntev \bn-p a\p-jyn-im-Np--fm-Wv (ABw: 112, Am-kv: 6 t\mp-I). PpapA:
5, Ahsc Igp-X-tbm-Spw, PqX-tcmSpw D]-an-n-p-v. Ccw A{I-an-Isf Amlp
kamKn-tev \bnpI-bn-spw ]d-n-p-v. (Xu_: 19,23-24 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
_Jd: 67,99,170-171 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
62.
Fm X-fmXs hcp-n-sh Zpcn-X- Ahsc _m[n-p-tm

F-s\-bm-bn-cnpw? Atm-f-h \ns ASp-p-hv Am-lp-hn BWbn-p-sImv ]dbpw: R tbmPnpw \-bpw am-{Xta Dt-in-n-cpp
qshv.
An-km-Av: 88-91, Cu I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS \b-sp-dnv ]d-bp-p-v. A\pIq-e-amb hn[n-In-p-sav {]Xo-n-p-tm Ah \_n (k) ASp-p-h-cn-I-bpw, hn[n
{]Xn-Iq-e-am-Ip-sav Bi-n-p-tm \_n-bpsS ASp-p-h-cm hnk--Xn-p-I-bp-am-bncpp I]-Sam-cpsS s]mXp-\-bw. Cs ap\m-^n-Jp-I-fpsS nXnbpw CXp-Xs-bmsWv JpB\ns Bi-bw t\mp-tm ImWmw. Aq: 49-50 kq--fn ]dbpp: R Am-lp-hnepw dkq-enepw hniz-knp, R A\p-k-cnp Fp-]-d-bpIbpw, ]ns B {]Jym-]-\-n\npw ]nn-cn-bp-Ibpw sNbvX-h Hcn-epw hnizmkn-I-f--Xs. Ahn-S-bn hn[n-Iev]n-mthn Ahsc Am-lp-hn-tepw dkqen-tepw hnfn-m, Ah-cn\np- Hcphn`mKw AXns\ Ah-K-Wn-p-t]m-Ip--XmWv. Fm hn[n- Ahv A\pIq-e-amsW-n Ah hnt[-bXz-tm-SpIqSn hcnIbpw sNp--Xm-Wv. Atm Ah-cpsS lrZ-b--fn tcmK-aptm? As-n Ah
kwi-bn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-IbmtWm? AtXm, Am-lphpw Ahs ZqX\pw Ah-tcmSv A\oXn-Im-Wn-p-sav Ah `b-s-Sp-I-bmtWm? A; Aq- A{I-an-I Xs-bmIpp.
(k-PZ: 22, Alvkm-_v: 60 Iqnhm-bn-p-I). Fm Zpcn-X--fpw Ah-c-h-cpsS ssII
{]hn--Xns A\--c-^-e-amsWv Ccw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I a\-n-em-p-n-.
kzKhpw \c-Ihpw Ah-c-h Xs-bmWv km-Zn-tXv Fv ]Tn-np-Xn\p-]Icw AXv Amlp Xocp-am-\n-p-XmWv FmWv Ah P\-sf ]Tn-n-p--Xv.
An-km-Av (4)
423
(Ilv^v: 57, PpapA 7 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 6,94-95,254, Ben-Cw-dm: 182,185 hni-Zo-I

cWw t\mpI.
63.
Aq--cpsS lrZ-b--fn-ep-Xv Am-lp- icn-p-a-dn-bp-h\m-Ip-p.

AXpsImv Ahsc XmoXv sNbvXp-sImv Ah-K-Wn-pIbpw D]-tZ-inp-Ibpw sNp-I, AhcpsS a\n Xd-p hmp-I Ah-tcmSv ]dbp-Ibpw sNpI.
Xu_: 95-, I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Isfpdnv: Ah amen-\y-am-Wv, Ah km-Zn-psImn-cpXn\v {]Xn-^-e-ambn Ahv \cIKw A`-b-tI-{-amnbn-cn-pp, AXpsImv \n Ahsc Ah-K-Wn-pI Fp-]-d-n-p-v. lrZb-ns Ah--b-dnbp Amlp I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS kz`mhw icn-p-a-dn-bp--h-\m-Ip-p. hnizm-kn-I
Ah-sc-p-dnv Nnnv kabw If-tb--Xn-, Ahsc Ah-K-Wn-p-Ibpw Ah-tcmSv AhcpsS lrZ-b-n Xdp hmp-I ]dp X-fpsS D-c-hm-Znw \n-h-ln--Wsa-mWv Amlp ]d-bp--Xv. ^pJm: 63, ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-Is C-Zm-kamtcmSv
Ahn-th-In-I Xn-m hm Ah kemw (\n-\v t]mImw) ]dv hnp-]n-cn-bp-Xm-sWv ]d-n-p-v. AAvdm^v: 198, ap\m-^nJpIsf Jp-B\ns Bi-b-ntev hnfn-m hnfn-tImsX Ah \ns Xpdn-p-t\m-pw, Fm Ah DmgvNb
- p-h
- c
- m-hp-Ib
- n-spw, 199 Ccw Bfp-It- fmSv \o hnp-hogvN sNp-I, \sImv
(Jp-BsImv) Iev]n-p-I, Ahn-th-In-Is
- f Ah-KW
- n-pI Fpw ]d-n-p-v. bq\pkv: 33, Ccw sXm-SnI C\n hniz-kn-p-I-bn-sv ]d-n-p-v. Jkz-kv: 55,
Adn-hv hp-In-n-bnv aqSn-sh-p- Ccw Pm-ln-ep-I-tfmSv Rv R-fpsS {]hrnI, \nv \n-fpsS {]h-\-, \nv t]mImw, R Ahn-th-In-IfpsS amKw At\zjnp-h-c Fp-]d-bm Iev]n-n-p-v. (kpa: 64 Iqn-hm-bn-pI).
Ccw \ntj-[n-Isf Ah-KW
- n-pIbpw, \o Imn-cn-p-I, Ah-cpw Imn-cn-p-hcmWv
Fv \_n (k)-tbmSv kPZ: 30- ]d-n-p-v. Pmln-ep-I-tfmSv (A-dnhv hp-In-n-bnv
Adnhnmbva \Snp-htcmSv) Ben-Cw-dm: 61, kzbw im]-{]m-\ \S-m thn
hnfn-m\mWv Amlp Iev]n-n-cn-pXv. lnPv: 12-epw, Ap-A-dm-Av: 200epw
{`mamcmb Ccw I]-Sam-cpsS lrZ-b-n-tev Jp-B\ns Bibw Npp-]-gp
In-sb-tmWw \mw IS-n-hn-Sp-I-bm-sWv Amlp ]d-n-p-v.
a\n Xp hmp-Ip-Zm-l-c-Ww: (1). Jp-B Fm-hpw a\-n-emIptamsbv Ccw hnUvVn-I tNmZn-p-tm kzK-nshv Fm-h-scbpw
Amlp Jp-B\ns Bibw ]Tn-n-n-p-v (Adlvam: 12, AJnbma: 14-15 t\mpI).
AXv DWp--XmWv Jp-B\ns Bi-b-amb An-Iv Fp-]-d-bp-I. (2). Jp-B
a\-n-em-m _pn-ap-m-sWv ]d-bp I]-Sam-tcmSv JpB lrZ-bw-sImv a\n-em-m \mw hfsc Ffp--am-n-bn-cn-pp Fv kqd: Jadn \mep-{]m-hiyw
Bhnv ]d-n-psv ]d-bpI. (3). \_n- B-scsbnepw ]n-sbv hnfnnptm
Fv tNmZn-p--h-tcmSv, \_nbpw hnizmkn-Ifpw Bscbpw ]n-sbv hnfn-pIbn,
Fm Ah-cpsSs DS-ab
- mb Amlp, Jp-B kq-sf Xn-]d
- b
- p ]WvUnX-s\-bpw P\-X-sbbpw AAvdm^v: 176 D]-{Z-hn-mepw Cs-nepw amw-h-cm ]ntbm-Sv D-]-an-n-pv Fp]d-bp-I. kqw Ah-km-\n-p-Xv, Atm \o Igp-X, ]n,
424
Jp- B - \ ns Bmhv
]n Fsmw hgn-p-h-gn-bmbn Ah-tcmSv ]d-bpIA-h Hv {]Xn-ênn-s (tIh tIh ap--h-cn-tev Cu hkvXpX Fn-p-sIm-Sp--s) F Bi-b-tm-Sp-IqSn-bm-Wv. (4). \a-kvcn--Ww, t\m-\p-jvTn--Ww, Jp-B HmXp-Ibpw thWw Fm
c-sSpsa [mc-W-bn Pohn-p--h-tcmSv: \a-kvIm-chpw t\mp-samw hniz-kn-Ifm--h-tcmSv Iev]n-n-n Fpw Ah \a-kvI-cn--Xn-\v, t\mv t\m-Xn\v ]ngbm-bn
\c-I-Ip-WvTw e`n-p-sa-pw (^pJm: 65 t\mp-I) ]d-bp-I. Bibw Adn-bmsX JpB hln-p--hsc PpapA: 5 Igp-X-tbm-Spw, PqX-t\mSpw D]-an-n-p-s-pw, Bibw
Adn- b msX Jp- B HmXn- b m hnn\nv Ap- s X- d n- p- t ]m- I p thK- n
Zo\n\nv sXdn-p-t]m-Ip-sapw, HmXnb Jp-B Ah-s\-Xn-cm-bnv kmyw hln-pI-bpw, hmZnp-Ibpw sNp-sav \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-spw ]d-bp-I. (5). Bibw
Adn-bmsX Jp-B HmXn-bmepw ]pWy-apsv ]WvUn-Xam ]d-n-p-sv ]dbp-h
- t- cmSv Ay-\mhsc-bp hnizm-kn-Iv apl-Zns\bmWv {]hm-NI
- \
- mbn \ntbmKn-n-p--Xv. Atm {]hm-N-I ]Tn-n--Xn-s\-Xn-cmbn Bcv Fsmv ]Tn-n-mepw
Ah a\p-jy-]n-im-Np--fm-Wv (A-n-km-Av: 59 t\mpI). Bi-b-a-dn-v Jp-B ]mcmbWw sNbvXnpw Imcy-an-, AXns\ Xpem-kmbpw ^pJm-\mbpw kmK-ambpw kzKn-te-p Sn-mbpw D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-pIXs thWw Fp-]-d-bp-I. (6) ]WvUnXam {]hm-N-Is A\--c-mh-Im-in-I-fm-sWv ]d-n-p-tm Fp]d-bp--h-tcmSv,
AsX. Jp-B-\ns Bibadn-bp ]WvUn-Xam-sc-p-dn-m-WXv Fp-]-d-bpI (BenCw-dm: 7 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI). Fm Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-an-msX ]WvUn-X
scv Zpc`nam-\np-h-sc-p-dnv (A-Avdm^v: 146) Ah-cpsS ]WvUn-Xam BIm-in\v Xmsg-bp Po-h-Pm-e--fnshv Gw Xn-bp--h-cm-bn-cnpsav \_n (k)
]Tn-n-n-p-spw ]d-bp-I. (7) \_n Bsc-sbnepw Im^n-dm-n-bn-p-tm, ap-hsc
Im^ndpw ap\m-^n-Jpam-m Bs-nepw A[nImcw sImSp-n-ptm Fv tNmZnp--h-tcmSv: \_n Bscbpw Im^n-dm-n-bn-n-, adnv Jp-B\mIp Xpem-kp-sImv
Ah kzbw Im^n-dmtWm apAvan\mtWm Fv Xocp-am-\n--W-sa-mWv Amlp ]dn-p--Xv Fp-]-d-bp-I. \o \ns \ntj-[-hpw-sImv Ipd-p-Imew kpJn-p-sIm-p-I,
\nbw \o \c-I-ns kl-hm-kn-I-fns]--h Xs-bm-Ip-p Fp]d-bm \_ntbmSv Iev]n-p-sIm-mWv kpa: 8 Ah-km-\n-p-sXn \nfnhnsS kpJn-pI,
\nbw \n-fpsS aSw \c-I-n-te-m-Ipp Fp-]-d-bm Iev]n-p-sIm-mWv
C_vdmlow: 30 Ah-km-\n-p--Xv. _Jd: 67,66,254, Ben-Cw-dm: 86-,91,119,159, amCZ: 60
64.
Am-lp-hns thp-I-tbmSpIqSn A\p-k-cn--s-Sm thn-b-msX Hcp

{]hm-N-I-s\bpw \mw \ntbm-Kn-n-n. Atm Ah Xtf-Sp-Xs
A{Iaw {]hn-p-I-bpw, ]ns \ns ASp-p-h-cn-Ibpw, Ah Amlp-hn-t\mSv s]mdp--ens\ tXSp-I-bpw, {]hm-N-I Ahpthn Amlp-hn-t\mSv s]mdp--ens\ tXSp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-p-sh-n Ah Amlp-hns\ Gsd ]m-m]w kzoI-cn-p-- Imcp-Wy-hm\mbn Isp
ambncp-p.
Amlp `qan-bn-te-p-h-cnI Akw-`-hy-amWv (ABw: 103 t\mp-I). ]Icw Ah

Ahs ZqXam-cmbn {]hm-N-Iamsc \ntbm-Kn-p-p. samw krjvSn-Iv Ah-
An-km-Av (4)
425
Xr]vXn-s Ahs ktiw ae-p-I-fn\np ZqXam aptJ\ {]hm-N-Iamv

Fn-p-sIm-Sp-p-p. (amCZ: 67, AAvdm^v: 203, lv: 75 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). "Am-lp
hns thp-It- bm-Sp-IqSn As-n Iev]\
- {- ]-Imcw' Fp-]d
-
XpsImv, Jp-B\ns
Hcp ]Zw \ymbo-I-cn-m Hcp \_n-h-N-\hpw FSp-m ]mSn- F-mWv Dt-in-p-
Xv. X-tfmSv B{Iaw {]hn--hscm, inv sNbvX-hcpw, Jp-B\ns Bibw
a\-n-em-n-bnpw ]n]-m--hcpw (Ilv^v: 57, ep-Jvam: 13, kPZ: 22 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I)
t\-hg
- n-]m-Sp-I
- Amlp Amhcp-sS-ta \S-nb-hc
- p-am-Wv. Ah \_n (k)bpsS
ASp-p-t]mbn Ip-w Gp]dm \_n B Ip-ta-s-Sppw F kq-n ]d-Xv, adnv \_n (k)tbmSv a\-p-Xp-dv Imcy- kwkm-cn-p-I-bpw, D]-tZiw kzoIcn-p-Ib
- pw, AhXs kzbw Am-lp-hn-t\mSv s]mdp-e
- ns\ tXSp-Ibpw, ]ns \_nbpw
Ahp-thn Am-lp-hn-t\mSv s]mdp--ens\ tXSpIbpw th-W-sa-mWv ]d--Xv.
Fm Cu kqw \_n-tbmSv klmbw tXSpXn\pw, \_n-tbmSv s]mdp--ens\
tXSp--Xn-\pw, \_n-bpsS aZvlv ]mSn-p-Igvp aueoZv ]mcm-b-W-n\pw sXfn-hmbn
D-cn-p--h-cp-v. Ah a\p-jyn-im-Np-fpw ap--hsc \c-I-n-tev B\-bn-p-h-cp-am-Wv. Ch-cpsS sIWn-bns]m- \msf ]c-tem-Iv hcmt]m-Ip ZpKXn
_Jd: 166-167 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-c-W-n t\mp-I. _Jd: 159-161, 213, BenCwdm: 128129,185, An-km-Av: 17-18 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
65.
Atm A; \ns DS-a-bmb \mY\mWv kXyw, Ahn-S-bn-ep X-fn \ns hn[n-Im-hmbn kzoI-cn-p-I-bpw, Fnv \o \Ip
hn[n-Xop-I-fn a\-{]-bmkw tXmm-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw AXv ASn-apSn kXnpIbpw sNpwhsc Ah hnizm-kn-I-fm-hp-I-bnXs.
\_n-bpsS Ime-s hnizm-kn-Iv am{X-a- Ay-\mhsc-bp hnizm-kn

Ipw _m[-I-amWv Cu kq-w. Alvkm_v: 6, hnizm-kn-I kz-t-m
\_nv {]m[m\yw sImSp-psav ]d-n-p-v. ap\m-^n-Jq: 8 Am-lp-hn\pw dkqen\pw hnizm-kn-Ip-amWv {]Xm]sapw, Fm I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Iv Cu hkvXpX
Adn-bn-spw ]d-npv. \_n-bpsS Ime-p-h \_nsb ]q-ambn ]n]n
Pohn-pI Xs-th-Ww. Fm- Cp--h Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n\nv (_Jd:
146 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I) \_nsb ImWp-I-bpw, Cv \_n-bp-s-n Pohn-X-ns
Fm taJeIfnepw GXp-amKamWv kzoI-cn-p-I Fv (Jp-B-\ns shfn--n)
kzbwhne-bn-cpn ]n]p-Ibpw thWw (An-km-Av: 115 t\mp-I). AXmWv \_n
(k) ]Tn-n--Xns s]mcp: \nfn H-cmfpw hnizm-kn-bm-hp-I-n, Xs C Rm
sImphn-p--Xns\ ]n]-p--Xp-h-sc. (_Jd 121 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). JpBs\ Ah-K-Wnv Pohn-m \msf ]c-tem-Iv \_n (k) Ahs-Xnsc A\ymbw
t_m[n-n-pcwKw ^pJm 30 ap-dn-bnv \Inbn-p v. Jp-B-\n\nv \_nbpsS PohnXw a\-n-emn P\--fn \_n-bpsS PohnXw kmyw hln-p-tm
am{X-amWv \_nsb ]n]-p--h-cm-hp-I. _Jd: 143,176, Ben-Cw-dm: 31-32 t\mp-I.
66. \nbw, \n \nsf kzbw sImWw, As-n \n-fpsS hoSp-Ifn\nv kzbw ]pd-p-t]m-I-W-sav \mw Ah-cpsSta tcJ-s-Sp-nbn-cp-p-sh-n, Ah-cn Ipdpt]scm-gnsI As\ {]hn-p-ambn-
Jp- B - \ ns Bmhv
426
cp-n-. Fm X-tfmSv D]-tZ-inp {]Imcw {]hn-n-cp-p-shn AXm-bn-cp-p A-hv Ghpw KpW-I-chpw Gsd nc-{]-XnjvT e`np--Xn\pw \-Xv.
\n `mcw Ipd- - h - c mtbm IqSn- b - h - c mtbm \n- f psS [\wsImpw
icocwsImpw Am-lp-hns amK-n PnlmZv \S-p-I, AXmWv \n hnh-c-ap-h-cm-sW-n \nv \-Xv Fv Ah-tcmSv ]d-b-s-m, Ah Am-lp-hn
BW-bn-p-sImv ]d-bpw: Rv km[n-p-am-bn-cp-s-n R (I--]-S-hn-izm-knI) \n-tfm-sSmw ]pd-s-Sp-am-bn-cpp. Ah Ahscs \in-n-n-cn-p-p. Amlp-hn-\-dnbmw Ah \pW-]-d-bp-I-bm-sW-v. t\w kao-]--am-hp-I (K-\o-av apX
e`n-p-I), i{Xp- _e-an-m--h-cm-hp-I, bm{X ti-c-ln-Xhpw lrkz-hp-am-hpI XpSnb k`--fn Ah \ns ]n]-p-IXs sNpw. Fm Zqc-a-hv {]bmk-ap-m-n Fv Xu_: 41-42 ]d-n-p-v. (_Jd: 54,265-266, Ben-Cw-dm: 136,167168 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI).
67.
Ah An[w sNbvXn-cp-p-sh-n, \nbw \n\np AXnalmb {]Xn-êw \mw Ahv \Ip-ambn-cp-p.
68.
\mw Ahsc Gw -sNmm-bp amK-n-tev (Fm-cw-K--fnepw) \bnp-Ibpw sNpam-bn-cp-p.
69.
B Am-lp-hn-s\bpw Ahs ZqX-s\bpw A\p-k-cn-p-pthm, Atm

Aq- Amlp A\p-{K-ln--, Am-lp-hns {]oXn e`n \_n-am-cp-sSbpw
kXy-hmam-cp-sSbpw kXy-km-n-I-fp-sSbpw k-\fpsSbpw IqsS-bmIp-p. Aq- F{X DIr-cmb kJm-.
70.
AXm-Ipp Am-lp-hn\np bYm HuZm-cyw.

\mbn AmlpXs aXn-bm-b-h-\p-am-Ip-p.
Fmadnbp--h-
BZw \_n-ap-X Ay-\mhsc-bp a\p-jycn Am-lp-hns -kwLamb

GIkwL-amWv Cu hnizm-kn-I-fp-sSbpw {]hm-N-Iam-cp-sSbpw kwLw. Fm {]hm-NIamcpw hnizm-kn-If
- m-sWv kzm^v^mv: 81,111,122,132 kq-f
- n ]d-n-p-v. kXyk-am-cpw, kXy-km-n-Ifpw Am-lp-hnepw ZqXam-cnepw hniz-kn hnizm-kn-I
Xs-bm-sWv lZoZv: 19 ]d-npv. k-\-- B-cm-sWv ^mnl: 6s
hni-Zo-I-c-W-n t\mp-I. H-m-sW-nepw R \n\-p-thn am{Xw Pohn-pp, AXn\v R \ntm-Sp-am{Xw klmbwtXSpp F ^mnl: 4mw kqw DcphnSptm hnizm-kn-bpsS a\-n Cu kwL-am-Wp--Xv. 6 "\o A\p-{K-ln--h-cpsS
amKw' tNmZn-p-Xpw Cu Hscm--kw-L-ns amK-am-Wv. ap-kw-L-S-\-I-sfmwXs
]nim-Nns kwLhpw \c-I-n tNt-td--h-cp-am-Wv. bq\p-kv: 103, Fm-Im-epw
Fhn-sSbpw \psS {]hm-NI
- am-scbpw hnizm-kn-Is
- fbpw c-s-Sp-pI FXv \psS
_m[y-X-bm-sWv Amlp ]d-bp-p. amCZ: 56, BcmtWm Am-lp-hns\bpw Ahs
ZqX-s\bpw hnizm-kn-Is
- fbpw Iqp-Im-cmbn sXsc-s-Sp-p-X
- v, Am-lp-hns B kwLw
am{X-amWv AXn-P-bn-p-h Fp-]-d-bp-pv. A-m-lphpw dkqepw apAvan\p-Ifpw
An-km-Av (4)
427
Hcp kwL-am-Wv FmWv CXn-\w.

Adqw: 47-, hnizm-kn-Isf klm-bn-pI \psS _m[y-X-bm-sWv Amlp
]d-n-p-v. PpapA: 4, AXv Am-lp-hns HuZm-cy-amWv, AX-h Dt-in-p-hv sImSp-p-p, Amlp al-mb HuZm-cy-apSbh-\tm Fp-]-d-bp-p. bqkp-^v:
38, bqkp^v \_n Xs Pbn-en-ep Iqp-Imsc {]t_m-[\w sNbvXp ]d-bp-p: Amlp-hn Hns\bpw (kz--s-bpw) ]p-tNm-Xn-cn-pI FXv Rfp-sS-ta-enepw
a\p-jy-cpsStaenepap Am-lp-hns HuZm-cy-am-Ip-p. ]t P\--fn A[n-I-t]cpw
\n-{]-I-Sn-n-p--h-c-. Am-lp-hns kwL-ns]SpI F-XmWv ChnsS HuZmcyw
sImp-t-in-p--Xv (ap-Pm-Zne: 22) Am-lp-hns kwL-n Ds-Spm Amlphn-t\mSv Bh-iy-s-Sp-IX
- s thWw. bq\p-kv: 58 ]d-npXpw Cu HuZmcyspdnv Xs-bmWv amCZ: 54, hnizm-kn-I Am-lp-hns amK-n PnlmZv sNphcpw, Hcm-t-]Isbpw Bt-]-s `b-s-Sm-h-cp-am-Wv. AXv Am-lp-hns
Hcp HuZm-cy-am-Wv, AX-h Dt-in--hv sImSp-psav ]d-n-pv.
]n-bn\npw ]pd-p-t]m-Ip ka-bv \_n (k)-bpsS t]cn {]mn-Xn\p-tijw "Am-lp-th, \ns HuZmcyw Rm tNmZn-p-p' Fv {]mn-m\pw, ]nbn {]th-in-p-tm \_n (k)-bpsS t]cn {]mn-Xn-\p-tijw "Am-lpth,
Fs ]m]- s]mdp-p-X-cn-I-bpw, \ns Imcp-Wy-ns hmXn-ep-I F\nv XpdpXcn-Ibpw sNt-Wta' Fv {]mn-m\pw \_n (k) ]Tnnn-p-v. Fm \_n
(k) ZoL-hoWw sNbvX-Xp-t]mse, Cs ]-nIsfmw-Xs henb ku[fpw,
kamKn\nv hyXn-N-en--h-bp-ambXn\m \a-kvIm-c-n-\p-thn ]n-I-fn-tev
{]th-in- hnizm-kn-Iv A\p-hZ\o-b-a Fv a\-n-em-m-hp-Xm-Wv. \_n (k)bpsS kap-Zm-b-n\v ae-aq-{X- hn-k-\--ehpw, J_dnS-fp-sam-gnsI `qan apgph
\a-kvIm-c--e-ambn \n-bn-p-sIm-Sp-n-p--Xn-\m hnizm-kn-I kamK-an-m
Ccw sIn-S--sf \a-kvImcn\pthn B{i-bn-bnp-Ibn-. _Jd: 105,114,152, BenCw-dm: 73-74 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
71.
Hm hnizm-kn-Itf, \n kZm -Pm-{KX ]pep--h-cm-hp-I. As\

\n {]Xn- t cm- [ - n\v sNdp- k w- L - - f mtbm, Fm- h cpw Hcp- a ntm
Cdnn-cn-p-I.
72.
\nbw, (bp-n\pthn ]pd-s-Sm-sX)kzh-k-Xn-Ifn NS-p-IqSp

h \nfnepv. \nv h hn]pw kw`-hn-m Ah ]d-bpw:
Amlp Fsta henb A\p-{Klw sNbvXn-cn-p-pRm Ah-tcm
sSmw kn-ln-X-\m-ImXn-cn-pIhgn.
73.
Fm \nv A-m-lp-hn\np ht\hpw e`n-m, Ah\pw

\nfpw Xn bmsXmcp ssa{Xo_-hpw Dm-bn-t-bn- FXpt]mse
Ah ]d-bpIXs- sNpw: lm! Fs \miw, Rm\pw Ah-tcm-sSm--apm-bn-cp-s-n hn--t\w F\npw e`n-p-am-bn-cp-tm.
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS Cu kz`mhw Ben-Cw-dm: 119120,145-146,161-162,168, Xu_: 50-
428
Jp- B - \ ns Bmhv
52, Alvkm_v: 12-20, ^Xvlv: 6,11-12,1516 kq--fn-semw hc-p-Im-Wn-n-p-v. Fm Cv bp-an-, Ccw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-tfm-Spw, Jp-B aqSn-sh-p Im^n-dp-ItfmSpw Jp-BsImp Pnlm-Zv -am-{X-am-Wp--Xv (^pJm: 52). Fs-nepw tcmKw
(hn]v) hcp-tm a-p-f-f-hsc ]gn-Nm-cp-hcpw, As\ sNbvXn-cp-s-n Cu ZpcnXw
hcp-am-bn-cp-n F- X-c-n-ep ss]im-NnI hnizmkw \ne-\np--h-cpw, bYm
hn[n-bn-ep hnizm-k-anmh-cpamWv Ccw ap\m-^n-Jp-I. Jp-B\ns Bibw
]Tn-p--hv ap\m-^n-Jp-I-fm h FXnpw, D]-{Z-hhpw kw`hnm Ah ]dbpw:
Rm B hnizm-kn-I-tfm-sSmw Cm-Xn-cp-Xv hfsc \m-bn, As-n F\npw
ASn-In-p-am-bn-cp-p, Gdp-sIm-p-am-bn-cp-p Fv. XpSv Jp-B-\p-am-bp _w
Ah hnt-p-Ibpw sNpw. Jp-B\ns Bibw {]N-cn-n-p hnizm-kn-Iv ht\-hpw Inn-bm Ah-cX
- n {]mbm-ks
- -Sp-Ib
- pw, lm IjvSw! Rm\-hc
- psS Iq-n\nv
Xn-cnpt]mXv \m-bn-, Ah-tcm-sSm--am-bn-cp-s-n B hnP-b-nepw t\-n-epw
F-\npw ]p-sIm-m-am-bn-cp-tm Fv kzbw hne-]n-p--hcpw, ac-W-k-a-bv Rm
Im^n-dm-bn-cpp Fv kzbw kmywhln-v -a-cn-p--h-cp-am-bn-cn-pw Ccw ap\m-^nJp-I (_Jd: 234,254257,281,286, Ben-Cw-dm: 30 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I). \msf ]ctem-I-n- A-h hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv shfnw tNmZn-p-- Ah lZoZv: 13-16 kq-fn hnh-cn-n-p-v.
74.
Atm ]c-tem-I
- n-\p-]Icw ùXn-IP
- o-hn-Xs hnm Xm-dp-h
Amlp-hns amK-n bpwsNs. Bscnepw Am-lp-hns
amKn-ep bp-n h[n--sSpI-tbm, AXn-P-bn-p-Itbm sNpIbm-sW-n, \mw Ah\v AXn-a-l-mb {]Xn-êw \IpI XssNpw.
Xu_: 111 Amlp ]d-bp-p: \nbw hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv Ah-scbpw Ah-cpsS

kpsfbpw kzK-n-\p-]-Icw \mw hne-p-hm-n-bn-cn-p-p. Ah Am-lphns amK-n bpw sNp-Ibpw, Am-lp-hns amK-n h[n-p-I-bpw, h[n-s-Sp-Ibpw sNp--h-cm-Wv. Cu bmYmy-am-bn ]pe-cp hmKvZw Xudm-nepw
Coenepw JpB\nep-ap-v. Atm BcmtWm Am-lp-hp-am-bp DS-Sn ]qnbm-n-b-Xv, Ah Am-lp-hp-ambn sNbvX I-h-S-n ktm-jn-p-sIm--s, AXv
am{X-amWv al-m-b- hn-P-bw (Xu_: 71-72 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). kz-^v^v: 1011 hnizm-knIsf hnfnp Amlp tNmZn-p-p: Rm \nv thZ-\m-P-\-I-amb in-bn\nv
c--In-p Hcp I-h-S-s-p-dnv ]dp Xc-stbm, \n Am-lp-hnepw Ahs
ZqX-\nepw hniz-kn-p-Ibpw, Am-lphns amKn XymK-]-cn-{iaw sN-pIbpam-WXv
(kz^v^v: 13-14 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Pnlm-sZ-m ey-w t\Sp--Xn\pthn k-I-gn-hp
Ifpw D]-tbm-Kn-em-Wv. ey-am-I-s, kzKw t\S-epam-Wv. Jp-B ]Tn-p-I-bpw,
]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNp--Xn-\p-thn imco-cn-I-hpw, km-n-I-hp-amb kIgn-hp-Ifpw
D]-tbm-Kn--em-WXv. `qan-bn imn-bpw, kam-[m-\hpw \ne-\nm-\pw, hKo-b-X
kzm-X kzP-\-]--]m-Xw XpS-nb ss]im-NnI ZpKp-W--sfmw Cm-Xm-m\pw,
c-smcnnep-I-fn-m-Xmn a\p-jycpsS sFIyw cq]s-Sp-m\psamw Jp-B\ns
Bi-b-n a\p-jy Ahs\bpw, {km-hn-s\-bpw, ]nim-Nn-s\-bpw Xncn--dn-bpI
XsthWw. _Jd: 184,186,207-208, Ben-Cw-dm: 170172 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
An-km-Av (4)
75.
429
]pcp-jam-cn\np _e-lo-\ampw kv{XoI-pw Ipn-Ipw

thn Am-lp-hns amKn bpw sNm-Xn-cn-m \nsm
Wp-\ymbw? Ahcns\ {]mn-p-hcm-bn-cns, "R-fpsS \mYm,
A{I-an-I-fmb (a-I-cm-b) \nhm-kn-I-fpsS Cu \mn\nv Rsf tamNnn-t-Wta, Rv \nn\np Hcpc-I
- s
- \ \ntbm-Kn-pXtc-Wta,
Rv \nn\np Hcp-k-lm-bn-sbbpw \ntbm-Kn-p-X-tc-Wta'.
Cv Am-lp-hn\np cbpw klm-bhpw Jp-B am{X-am-Wv. (BenCwdm: 79, An-km-Av: 1,82 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). Cv bptam h[tam lnPvdtbm
Hp-an. adnv JpB AW--p-sImv ISnp]nSnp Pohn-pIbmWv thsXv
"l-phnZm-C'Xs \_n (k)eqsS Amlp ]Tn-n-n-p-v (Xu_: 73, CkvdmAv: 80, ^pJm: 52, apl--Zv: 24 t\mp-I).
76.
hnizm-kn-I-fmb Iq Am-lp-hns amK-n bpw sNp--h-cm-Ipp.

Im^n-dp-Ifmb-h-tcm, Ah XmKq-ns amK-n bpwsNp-p. AXn\m \n ]nim-Nns an{X-t- fmSv bpwsNp-hn. \nbw ]nimNns
X{w AXo-h- Zp_ew Xsbm-Ip-p.
Cu kq-nepw a\p-jy sam-n cp-hn-`m-K-amsWv ]Tn-n-p-p. hnizm

kn-I-fmb Am-lp-hns kwL-hpw, \ntj-[n-I-fmb ]nim-Nns kwL-hpw. ]nim-Nns
amKw Bbn-c-n sXmm-bn-cn sXmq-n-sbmXns amKamb-Xp-sImmWv
AXn\v ]nim-Nns amK-sav ]d-bmsX XmKq-ns amKsav ChnsS -]-d-n-cn-pXv. (_Jd: 257 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). hnizm-kn-I-fpsS kwL-tmSv An-km-Av:
91, Xu_: 123, Alvkm_v: 61 kq--fn-eqsS a\p-jy-]n-im-Np--fmb ap\m-^n-Jp-Isf
sImm ]d-Xv Cukm \_n h-tijw hnizm-kn-I \S-n-em-p--Xm-Wv. Cv
AhtcmSv Jp-BsImp Pnlm-Zv am{Xam-Wp-X
- v. Am-lp-hns kwLw XsbmWv
AXn-P-bn-p-I-sbv amCZ: 56 ]d-n-p-v. (Xu_: 73, ^pJm: 52 Iqn-hm-bnpI). _Jd: 176, An-km-Av: 37-38,51,63 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
77.
(bp-n-tes-SmsX) \n \n-fpsS ssII Npcp-p-I, \a-kvImcw

\ne-\np-Ibpw kwkvIcW {]h-\- \S-n-em-pIbpw sNpI
Fp]d-b-s-n-cp Hcp hn`m-K-n-tev \ns {i-Xn-cn-pthm {]hm
N-Im. Ctm bpahv Iev]n--s--tm Ah-cn\np Hcp
hn`mKw Am-lp-hns\ `b-s-tSXp-t]mse, As-n AXn-e-[n-I-ambn
P\-sf `b-s-Sp-p. Ah ]d-bp-Ibpw sNp-p: R-fpsS DS-a-bmb
\mYm, Fn\mWv \o R-fp-sS-ta bpw Iev]n--Xv, Rv Ipd-pImewIqSn Ah[n \on-X-n-cp-s-n! Ah-tcmSv ]d-bp-I: ùXn-I-hn`-h hfsc Xp-am-Ip-p, ]c-tem-I-as{X Am-lp-hns\ kqn-p--hv
Gsd DIr-w. \n AWp-A-fhv A\oXn sN-s-Sphcm-hp-I-bpan.
(_Jd: 216, Ben-Cw-dm: 143,154 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). BZy-Im-ev \a-kvI-cnpI-bpw, kwkvI-c-W-{]-h-\- \S-n-em-p-Ibpw sNbvXp-sImv {]hn-m
]d--tm hnizm-kn-I-fn Nne, \ kXy-n-em-sW-n Fn\mWv Cu ]oV-
430
Jp- B - \ ns Bmhv
\hpw a-\-hp-samw kln-p--Xv? \apv \ntj-[n-I-tfmSv bpw- sN-bvXp-Iq-sStbm?

Fv ASw]d-n-cpp. lnPvd 2mw hj-n bp-n-\-\p-aXn \Inb-tm
Ah-cn-semcp hn`mKw Am-lp-hns\ `b-s-Sp--Xn-t\-m a\p-jysc `b-s-Sp-I-bpw,
acn-m `b-ap ap\m-^n-Jp-I-fpsS kz`m-h-ap--h-cmbn amdp-I-bpam-Wp-m-b-Xv (ap\m-^nJq: 10 t\mp-IBen-Cw-dm: 18-19,185, Xu_: 23-24 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). kzKhpw \c-Ihp-samw Ah-c-hXs ]Wn-bp--Xm-Wv. ]c-temIPohn-X-n-te-pff Irjn-bnSamWv
Cl-tem-I -Po-hnXsav a\-n-emn Pohn-p--h am{Xta Pohn-X-eyw kmmIcnv ]WnX kzKn-tev Xs Xncn-p-t]m-hp-I-bp-q. Cs apkven-tfmSv
bp-sampw Amlp Iev]n-n-n-, Fm Jp-B\ns\ apdpsI]nSnp "Amlv'
Fp kvac-W- \ne-\nn Pohnm\pw, Ign-bp-{X Jp-B\ns ktiw a\pjys-n-p- sIm-Sp-m-\p-amWv Iev]nnp-Xv. Fm AXn\p Xm-dm-ImsX Ghpw
IqSp-X AI Jp-B\n-t\m-Smn Bcpw tNmZn-m-\n, BcpsS apnepw Dcw
]d-tb--Xn F hn[-n-ep, Ghpw Zpjn Pohn-X-amWv Ah \bn-p--Xv. tem
Isc Am-lp-hn-tev hnfn-t Ah Cv temIw \in-n-p ]nim-Nns kwLm-cmbn amdn-bn-cn--bmWv. ]n- \nm-W-tm-fpw, kwLw tNp \akvImctm-fpsamw {][m\w Jp-B\ns Bibw ]Tn-p-I-bpw, ]Tn-n-p-I-bp-amsWv Ah-tcmSv ]d-b-s-m, ]d-bp--hs\ Ahs Imen--Sn-bn\nv - ap\onf-bp hn[-n-ep t\mw t\mp--Xm-Wv (lv: 72 t\mpI). amCZ: 54,
hnizm-kn-Isf hnfnp Amlp ]d-bp-p: \n \n-fpsS Zo\n\nv ]nn-cnp
t]mhp-I-bm-sW-n, Atm Ah Am-lp-hn-s\bpw, Amlp Ah-scbpw Xr]vXnsSp hn[-n-ep Hcp P\-Xsb sImp-h-cn-Ibpw sNpw. Ah hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv arZpe-ambpw, \ntj-[n-I-tfmSv ]cp-jambpw hn-ph-cpam-bn-cn-pw. Am-lp-hns amKn-e-h PnlmZv sNp--h-cpw, Hcm-t-]-I-sbpw Bt-]s `b-s-Sm--h-cp-ambncnpw. ^Xvlv: 29, apl-Zv Am-lp-hn-s ZqX-\m-Ip-p, At-l-tm-sSm--ap--h
]c-kv]cw Imcp-Wy-n hn-p--h-cpw, I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-tfmSv I-iambpw ]cpjambpw s]cp-am-dp-h-cp-amWv Fp-]-d-bp-pv. _Jd: 165-167 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
78.
\n- s f- h n- s S- b m- s W- nepw acWw \nsf ]nSn- I q- S pIXs- sNpw.

\nsf{X kp`- { Z- a mb tImsIm- - f - p- n- e m- s W- nepw icn,
Ahsmcp \- e`nmeh ]dbpp: CXv Am-lp-hn \nm-Ip-p.
Fsnepw Xnbhsc ]n-Sn-s]Sp-tm Ah ]d-bp-p, CXv \nn
\nm-sW-v. \o ]d-bpI \_n-tb: Fmw Am-lp-hn \np--Xm-Ipp.
Cu P\Xsp]n, Ahv Cu h-am\w icnpw {Kln-m km[n
pntm.
79.
\ns _m[n-p GXv \bpw Am-lp-hn \np--Xm-Ip-p, Fm

\ns _m[n-p GXp Xnbpw \nn\nv -X-s-bm-Ip-p. \mw \ns
samw a\pjyv {]hm-N-I-\m-bn-mWv \ntbm-Kn-n-p--Xv, AXn\v kmnbm-bn AmlpXs Ghpw aXn-bm-b-h-\pam-Ip-p.
(Ben-Cw-dm: 145 hni-Zo-Ic

- Ww t\mp-I). P\n-m acWw \n_-a
- m-Wv. (BenCw-dm: 185 t\mp-I). hnizm-kn-I ac-W-tm-Sp-IqSn Ah ]WnX kzK-n-tep
An-km-Av (4)
431
t]mIpp, \ntj-[nI ac-Ws `b-s-Sp--h-cpw, ac-W-tijw \c-I-n-tev Xncn-pt]m-Ip--h-cp-am-Wv. PpapA 8, \n `b-s-phn-c-tm-Sp acWaptm, AXv
\nsf Ip-ap-p-I-bpw, ]ns \n Zriy--fpw AZriy--fp-a-dn-bp--h\n-tev aS-s-Sp-Ibpw, \nsfm-Wv ChnsS {]hn-p-sIm-n-cp--sXv Ah \n-tfmSv
hnhcw]d-p-X-cn-Ibpw sNp-sav ]d-bm \_n-tbmSv Iev]n-pp. bYm-nep
ac-W-k-abw hpI-gnp, AXn \nm-Wtm \o HmSn- AI-n-cpXv Fv Jm^v
19 ]d-bp-p. ac-W-n\nv HmSn- A-I-nv Imcy-an-, adnv AXn\v Xm-sd-Sp-p-IbmWv th-Xv (liv: 18 t\mp-I). ap-kn 49-51 Amlp ]d-bp-p: Fp]n-b
hv, Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n \n-h HmSn- A-I-ep-p-h-tmknwl-K\w tIp
-hn-c-tm-S-s-Sp Imp-I-gp-X-Isftmse. As ap\m-^n-Jp-Isf t]mse-Xs
Cs ap\m-^n-J-p-Ifpw Ah-c-hv h Xnbpw t\cn-m ap--hsc ]gn-Nm-cp--hcm-Wv. \bpw Xn-bp-amb Fm-Im-cyfpw Am-lp-hn\nm-Wv F hnizmk
Imcyn hnizmknm-hcpamWh. 78 \bpw Xnbpw Am-lp-hn \nm
sWv ]d-s-n 79 \ Am-lp-hn\npw, Xn\nn \np-amsWv -]-d-bp
p. AsX, "Amlv' F kvac-Wt- bm-Sp-IqSn \ne-sIm-ff
- p-tm Hcp Xnbpw _m[npIbn-, adnv Am-lp-hns\ ad-m Ah Ah-sc-s ad ap\m-^n-Jp-I-fm-hp-Ibpw
(liv: 19, Xu_: 67) Atm Pnp-Iq-p-Im-c-\mb ]nimNv _m[nv Ahv Xn ]nSns]-Sp-Ibpw sNp-p (Adqw: 36 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
"Amlv' F kvacW \ne-\npXn\v Jp-B\ns Bi-bwsImv am{Xta
km[n-p-I-bp-q. AXv am{X-amWv Pnp-Iq-p-Im-cs\ hnizm-kn-bm-m-\pw, ]nim-Nns\
AI-m-\p-ap Bbp-[-hpw. ""Am-lp-hns samw hN-\-sImv Ah krjvSn-np-ff Fm Xnsbsmpw Rm ic-Ww-tX-Sp-p'' Fv \_n (k) ]Tn-n--Xns
s]mcpfpw CXpX-s-bm-Wv. ChnsS Jp-B sIms-, Jp-B\ns Fgp-Xn-bmepw
]d-mepw Xocm (ep-Jvam: 27, Ilv^v: 109) hymJym\w sImsmWv ]d-n-p-Xv. kzKhpw \c-I-hpw, \bpw Xnbpw Fmw Ah-c-h Xs-bmWv sXsc-s-Sp-p-sXv Cu kqhpw ]Tn-n-p-p. Rm\n, Rm\-Sn-a-bm-Wv, \obm-Wv BZyhpw
Ayhp- a n- m, kzbw Pohn- n- c n- p, ac- W - a n- m Fs- DSa Fv a\mhmNmIWm AwKo-I-cn-v Am-lp-hns {]mXn-\n[ywhlnv Ah-\p-thn
Po-hn-p hnizm-kn-Iv am{Xta Cu Imcy--sfmw a\-n-em-hp-I-bp q. Amlv'F kvac-W-sImv BIm-i--fntem `qan-bntem Hcm-]pw hcnIbn-, Ah Fmw
tIph\pw Adn-bp--h-\p-a-tm Fv JpZp-kn-mb Hcp lZokn \_n (k) ]Tnn-n-p-v.
lZokv (h-am-\w) Fm An-kmAv: 87 ]dbp Jp-B Xs-bm-Wv.
(ABw: 19-20, AAvdm^v: 158, 185, Ilv^v: 6, kpa: 23, Pmknb: 6, Xq: 34, \Pvav: 59,
apk-em-v: 50 XpS-nb kq--fn-semw ]d h-am\hpw Jp-B Xs-bm
Wv. G-hpw D-a-amb h-am\w Am-lp-hns {K-am-Wv Fp \_n (k) ]Tn-nn-p-v. Fm ap\m-^n-Jp-I Jp-B\ns Bibw Fm-Wv? Fn-\mWv? Fp
{Kln-p-I-bn-. A-Bw: 65, 98, AAvdm^v: 179, A^m: 65, Xu_: 80-81, 87,127, ap\m^n-Jq: 37, liv: 13 XpS-nb kq--fn-semw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I Jp-B Fv?
Fn-\v? Fp-sImv? Fsmpw {Kln-mhcpw Pohn-X-eyw \jvS-s--hcpam-
432
Jp- B - \ ns Bmhv
Wv, Ah C\n hniz-kn-p-I-bn Fp]d-n-p-v. apl-Zv \_nsb a\p-jyv

samw {]hm-N-I-\m-bn-mWv \n-bn-n-cn-p--Xv, Fm kzK-n-tepw \c-I-ntepw Bsf Iqm \ntbm-Kn-n-n. (_Jd: 99,152,234,272, Ben-Cw-dm: 128129, 136,182
hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I). k_-Av: 28, AI-_qv: 50-52 Iqn-hmbnpI. An-km-Av:
166, ^Xvlv: 28 Fo kq- Ah-km-\n-p--Xv, "kmn-bm-bnv AmlpXs
Ghpw aXn-bm-b-h-\mWv' F Bi-b-n-em-Wv.
80.
B dkq-ens\ A\p-k-cnpp-thm, Atm-f-h Am-lp-hns\ A\p-k-cnp--h-cmbn. Bscnepw ]nn-cn-pt]m-Ippsh-n \mw \ns

AhcpsSta kqn-p-Im-c-\m-bnsmpw \ntbm-Kn-n-n-.
Alvkm-_v: 70-71 hnizm-kn-ItfmSv ]d-bp-p: Bsc-nepw Am-lp-hn-s\bpw Ahs

ZqX-s\bpw A\p-k-cn-m Atm Ah hnPbwhcn--h-cm-bn. \n Am-lp-hns\
hniz-kn-p-Ibpw, t\p-t\-sc-bp hmp-I ]d-bp-Ibpw sNp-IF-n \n-fpsS
{]h-\
- \m-p-Ibpw Ip- s]mdp-p-Xc
- n-Ibpw sNpw. t\tcsNms kwkmcn-p-hm ]n-b-Xv Jp-B\ns Bi-b-am-Wv. Jp-B A\p-k-cnp kwkm-cn-p-Ibpw
{]hn-p-Ibpw sNbvXm Ah \ sNbvXh
- c
- m-bn. Ahv A\p-Iq-ea
- mbn JpB
kmywhlnp--Xpam-Wv. (Alv-km-_v: 66 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 119- hniZo-I-cWw
t\mp-I. Jp-B\ns Bi-b
- n\nv {]hm-NI
- s PohnXw a\-n-emn B PohnXw
]n]-n-bm {]hm-N-I-t\m-sSmw kzKn-tev Xncn-p-t]m-Imw. Am--hscmw
]nim-Nn--Sn-a-sv Pohn-pIhgn ]nim-Nns kt-X-amb \c-I-n-tepw t]mIp--Xm
Wv. Bscbpw Ipw]d-n-p-Im-cy-an-, ]nim-Nns\sbpw Ip-s-Sn-n-bnv Imcy-ansv C_vdmlow: 22 ]d-n-p-v. {]hm-N-I tZ-tl-b-\p-k-cnv kwkm-cn-p-I-bn, Atln\v Znhyt_m[-\-ambn e`n-p-Xv am{X-amWv kwkm-cn-p--sXv APvav:
34 kqn ]d-n-p-v. Ben-Cw-dm: 31-32, An-km-Av: 59,64-,65 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
81.
Ah A\p-k-c-W-ap--h-cm-sWp ]d-bp-p. Atm-f-h \nn\nv ]ncnp-t]m-bm, Ah-cn-semcp hn`mKw cm{Xnbn Ah-cpsS hoSp-Ifn
ktfnv \ntmSv ]d-Xn\p-hn-cp--ambn \n\s-Xn-cn KqVm-tem-N\
\S-p-p. Amlp Ah-cpsS Cu KqVm-tem-N-\-sbm-sbpw tcJ-s-Spp-p-v, Atm \o Ahsc Ah-K-Wn-p-Ibpw-, Am-lp-hn `cta
nnp-Ibpw sNpI. `c-tan-m Amlp XnIpw aXn-bm-b-h-\mIp-p.
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I \_n (k)bpsS apn A\p-k-cWw {]I-Sn-n-p--hcm-bn-cpp. Fm \_n-bpsSbpw hniz-mkn-I-fp-sSbpw A`m-h-n cm{Xn Ime-fn hoSpI-fn kt-fnv \_npw hnizm-kn-Ip-sa-Xnsc KqVm-tem-N\ \S-p--hcpambn-cp
p. Ah-cpsS Cu kz`mhw apPm-Zne: 710 kq--fn hni-Z-am-n-bn-p-v. Ah
\_n-bpsS ASp-p-h-m Xm Am-lp-hns {]hm-N-I Xs-bm-sWv R
kmywhln-p-sp ]d-bpw. Fm Amlp kmywhln-p-p: Ah \pW-]d-bp--h Xs-bm-sW-v. Ah- kwkmcnp-tm \o tIp-\n-p-t]m-Ip-sapw, Ah
An-km-Av (4)
433
cpsS icocw \ns B-cy-s-Sp-p-sapw, Ah Npa-cn Nmcn-sh hnd-Ip-sIm-nt]m-se (th-cn-m-sX--Cu-am-\n-m-sX)bm-sWpw, Fm i_vZhpw Ahs-Xn-cmsWv
A-h [cn-p-sa-pw, AhXs-bmWv hnizm-kn-I-fp-sS-bpw {]hm-N-I-sbpw i{Xp--sfpw, Ahsc Amlp sImp-I-f-n-cn-p-p Fpw ap\m-^n-Jq kqd-n ]d-np-v. Ah ]nim-Nns kwLns--h-cm-sWv apPm-Zne: 19 ]d-n-p-v. (apPmZne: 16-19- t\m-pI). AXp-sImv Ccw ap\m-^n-Jp-Isf `b-s-S-cp-sX-pw, ]cn-K-Wn-cp-sXpw Ah-cpsS Xn-sb-sXmv Am-lp-hn `c-tan--W-sapw Iev]n-p-Ibm
Wv. liv: 13, ap\m-^n-Jp-Iv Am-lphnt\m `bw hnizm-kn-I-sf-bm-sW-pw,
AXn\p ImcWw Ah bmsXm-pw {Kln-m P\Xbm-b-Xp-sImmsWpw ]d-bp
p. (Xu_: 129 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). An-km-Av: 6063 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
82.
Atm- Ah Cu Jp-B\ns\pdnv Nnnv {]uV-cm-Ip-ntbm?

Cu Jp-B Am-lp-hn\n-msX am-cn \ns-nepap-Xm-bncppshn, Ah-cX
- n [mcmfw sshcp-y Isp-IX
- s sNpambn-cp-p.
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Iv Cu Jp-B\ns Imcy-n kwi-b-am-bn-cp-p. Jp-B\ns

apAvPnkn Ah hniz-kn-p-n-, Jp-B\ns\pdnh Nnn-p-p-an-. JpBsImv A-h Duw-sIm-p-I-tbm {]uV-cm-hp-Itbm sNp-n-. Jp-B ]dbp
`mhn{]h-N-\--fn Ahv -hn-izm-k-hpan-. Cm-c-W-m Am-lp-hns\p-dnv
hnI-e-amb [mc-W-bmWv Ahp-Xv. Ah Am-lp-hns dlvam- (]-c-a-Im-cp-WnI, \njvv]--hm) F KpW-hn-ti-j-Ws amapivcn-p-Isftmses AwKoI-cn-m--h-cpw, kzK-hpw \c-I-hp-samw Ah-c-h km-Zn-p--XmsWv hniz-knm-h-cp-am-Wv. Ah Jp-B\ns Aw Adn-bp--h-cpw, Jp-B\ns Aw ]Tn-np--h-cp-am-sWnepw Jp-B\ns Bi-b-s-p-dnv Nnn-m--h-cpw, Jp-B\n
sshcp-y-an-sv Dd-p-h-cp-m--h-cp-am-Wv. Ah-cmWv Ben-Cw-dm: 10 ]d Im^ndp-Is
- fv \_n (k) hni-Zo-Ic
- n-n-p-v. AAvdm^v: 40-epw, kpa: 59epw Jp-B\ns\smv
Al--cnh Fp-]dXv Cu ap\m-^n-Jp-I-sf-p-dn-m-Wv. Ah Jp-B Bi-b-anmsX HmXn-bm ]pWyw-In-p-sav km[m-c-W-msc t_m[n-n-p a\p-jy-n-im-Np-fm-Wv. \_n-h-N-\-fpw Jp-B kq-fpw Ah IqntbmPn-np a\-n-em-p-Itbm, JpXp-_Ifn P\--tfmSv ]d-bp-I-tbm- C-, adnv Jp-B kq- amna-dn-p-h-cm-W-h-. Ah-cpsS JpXp-_-I BZyhpw Ah-km-\hpw sshcp-y-am-bn-cn-pw. Ankm-Av: 140, Acw I]-S-hn-iz-kn-I-fmb JpXp_ \n-ln-p--h-scbpw AXp-tI-ncn-p Im^n-dp-I-sfbpw Amlp \c-I-n Hcp-anpIqp-sapw ]d-n-p-v. kqd:
apl--Zv: 24 Amlp tNmZn-p-p: Atm \n Cu Jp-BsImv {]uVcmbn
Duw- sIm-p-n-t, AtXm Ah-cpsS lrZ-b- ]qn-bnncn-p-I-bmtWm? 25,
\n-bw "lpZm' (kamKw) Xv shfn-hm-b-Xn-\p-tijw Zo\n\nv ]nn-cn-pt]m-Ip--h-cmtcm (apv) Ahv ssim-\mWv Ah-cpsS {]h-\- \mn
ImWn-p-X
- v. Atm Ahv \miamWp-Xv Fpw, 26, \nbw AXn\pImcWw
Amlp Cd-n-b-Xn-t\mSv (Jp-B) hntcm[wshhtcmSvPqXam-tcmSvR NneIm-cy-n \n-sf A\p-k-cn-p-sIm-m-sav ]d--Xm-Wv. Amlp-hn\v Ah-cpsS
Fmcl-ky--fpw icnpw Adn-bmw Fp]-d-np-v. Jp-B\ns Bibw Innb
434
Jp- B - \ ns Bmhv
Hcmv Cm-bvatbm hm-bvatbm `btam Zp:Jtam Hpapm-hm ]mSn-. AXmWv

Ckvdm-Av: 82, Jp-B hnizmkn-Iv tcmK-i-a-\hpw Imcp-Wyhpw A{I-an-Iv
\-hpamsWv ]d--Xns s]mcp. Xu_: 124, Jp-B hnizm-kn-Iv AhcpsS hnizmkw hn-n-p-pshpw 125, ap\m-^n-Jp-IXv amen-\y-amWv hnn-pI Fpw ]d-bp-p. Jp-B sFiz-cy-am-Wv, AXn-\p-tijw Zmcn-{Zy-an-, AXp-IqSmsX sFiz-cy-hp-an Fv \_n (k) ]Tn-n-np-v.
(Jp-Bs\ kXysSp-n-b-hv AXv ip]mi sNp-Xpw ip]m-i sNnnp--Xp-amWv. BcmtWm AXns\ apn \S-n-bXv, Ahsc AXv \nsf kzKntev \bn-p--Xm-Wv. BcmtWm AXns\ ]pd-In-em-n-b-Xv, Ahsc AXv \c-I-ntev Xn-hn-Sp--Xp-am-Wv). AAvdm^v: 143, liv: 21 kq- Iqn-hm-bn-m, JpB\pw Am-lphpw Hm-sWv a\-n-em-hpw. Jp-B Am-lp-hn-s Iem-am-Wv, AXv
AP--amb {K-hp-am-Wv. AXv t{ImUo-I-cn--Xn-\v aptm ti-jtam AXn bmsXmcp
anYybpw IS-p-Iq-Sp-I-bn-sv ^pn-e-v: 41-42 ]d-n-cn-p-p. (_Jd: 24,146148,186,
Ben-Cw-dm 79,101,103 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-pI).
83.
Ahv imn-bp-tStbm As-n `b-n-ttbm Hcp hm h-p-In-nbm, AXv sIm-n-tLm-jn-p--Xm-Wv. Fm-e-h-cXv {]hm-N-I-\n-te-pw,
Ah-cn\n-p D-ch
- m-Zs
- -h
- c
- n-te-p-sanv sImSp-n-cp-p-sh-n,
A-Xns kXym-h{Kln-p-hm Ign-hp--h-cXv a\-n-em-n- X-Xmb
apI-cp-Xe
- p-Is
- f-Sp-p-am-bn-cp-p. \n-fn Am-lp-hns al-mb HuZmcyhpw Imcp-Wy-hp-ap-m-bn-cp-n-s-n, \nbw \n-fn Ipd-p-t]-scmgnv _mn-bp--hscmw ]nim-Nns\ ]n]-pIXs- sN-pambn-cp-p.
bq\p-kv: 58 ]d ^fvepw- (Hu-Zm-cyhpw) Imcp-WyhpwJp-B\ns Bibw

Xs-bm-Wv. Cu kq-nepw An-km-Av: 59-epw ]d DuenAwdv AYhm ssIImcy-Im-fpw Ben-Cwdm: 7 ]d dmkn-Jo AYhm AKm-[-m-\n-I-fpw,
^pJm: 59 ]d J_o AYhm {XnIm-e-m-\nIfpw Hp-X-sbmWv. BXyn-I-ambn `b-s-Sp-p hm-I {]N-cn-n-p-Ibpw, ]nipv ImWn-p-Ibpw, AXn\v t{]cn-n-p-Ibpw sNp-Xv ]nim-Nm-Wv (An-km-Av: 38-39 kq- t\mpI).
JpB\ns Bi-b-n\nv -X-S-bm thn -{K--fpw ]{X--fp-samw ]pdn-d-p-Xpw ]nimNns hgn-bns]-XmWv. Ccw {]hr-n-I sNp ap\m-^nJp-I, JpXp_-\n-ln-p-tm
Ghpw \-h-am\w Am-lp-hns {KamWv'Fp]d-bpIbpw tasm-Sn-p-thn Htm ctm kqfp--cnv Aw
]dbpIbpw sNpsa-msX samw Jp-B\ns Bibw ]Tn-m P\-sf t{]cnn-p-I-bn-. Ah Ddv e`n-p, kXy-amb Jp-B-\ns Bi-bw- a\-n-emn,
apkq-n ]d--Xp-t]mse Jp-B-\n sshcp-yaptm Fv Dd-p-hcp-p-Ibpan. Znhkw XpS-t-Xv {km-hns apJ-]-{X-amb Jp-B\ns Bi-bw-sIm-msW-n, Ch Znhkw XpS-p-Xv krn-I-fpsS apJ-]-{X-sImm-Wv. Am-lphns kvacW AYhm Jp-B\ns Bibw Xs-bmWv ]c-a-{]-[m-\-sav AI-_qv:
45 ]dXv Ah ]cn-K-Wn-p-I-bn-, adnp Am-lp-hns kvac-W-bn-msX AYhm
Jp-B\ns Bi-b-an-msX (Xzmlm: 14) \a-kvcnm-\m-Wh P\-sf t{]cnnp-
An-km-Av (4)
435
I. {]kvXpX \a-kvIm-cw-sIm--h Zo\n\nv sXdn-p-t]m-hp-I-bm-Wv sN-p-Xv. AhcpsS \a-kvImcw \oNhpw \njn-hp-amb {]h-\--sf-smv XS-bp-n-. BZyw
\n\v \Inb {Kw Xnem-hv sNp-I, ]ns \akvIcn-pI F AI-_qv:
45-mw kq-nse {Iaw amn-a-dn-p-IbmWh sNp-Xv. Ccw \a-kvIm-c-mv
\c-I-nse "ssh' F sNcp-hmWv Amlp Aam-Du: 45 ap-dn-bn-v \In-bnp--Xv. Ccw Im^n-dp-I-fpsS {]m\ Ahv hgn-tI-S-msX hn-n-p-I-bn
Fv Ad-AvZv: 14-epw apAvan: 50-epw ]d-n-p-v. (An-km-Av: 142-143, Xu_: 50-54
Iqn-hmbnp-I). Fm hnizm-kn-I Jp-B-\ns Bi-bn\mWv k{][m\w
sImSppI.
FmhcpsSbpw lrZ-b-n]pcp-j-\n ]pcp-j-\pw, kv{Xobn kv{Xobpamb
PnpIqp-Im-c-\pv. Jp-B-\ns lrZ-b-ns `m-j-bn-ep Bi-bw-sImv am{Xta
B Pnp-Iq-p-Im-cs\ hnizm-knbmm km[n-p-I-bp-q, Pnp-Iq-p-Im-cs\ hnizmknbm-m-Xn-cp-m Hcmpw kzK-n t]mIm km[y-a-. adnv Ah-t\m-sSmw \cI-n Hcp-an-p-Iq--s-SpIbmWv sNpI. (AAvdm^v: 175-176, Jm^v: 27, kpKvdp^v:
3638, liv: 17 Iqn-hmbn-p-I). _Jd:105, Ben-Cw-dm: 58 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
84.
Atm ({]hm-NIm) \o Am-lp-hns amK-n bpw-sN-pI. \n\v

\ns Imcy-n-e-msX D-c-hm-Zn--an. Fm hniz-mkn-Isf bpn\p t{]cn-n-p-Ibpw sNp-I. Amlp kXy-\n-tj-[n-I-fn \np
hn]v Zqco-I-cn-pI (in XIp-I) hnZq-c-a-. Am-lp-hns inGhpw {]_e-hpw, Ahs in Ghpw ITn-\hpam-Ip-p.
A^m: 64, \_nsb hnfnv Amlp ]d-bp-p: Hm \_ntb, \n\v Amlp

aXn, \ns ]n]-p hnizm-kn-Ifpw aXn. 65, Hm \_ntb, hnizmkn-Isfbp-n\p-thn t{]cn-n-p-I, \n-fn\np am-ep-f
- mb Ccp-]Xv t]cp-sn Ccpqdp
t]sc AXn-P-bn-mw. \n-fn \qdv t]cp-s-n \ntj-[n-I-fn\np Bbncwt]sc
AXn-P-bn-mw. \nbw Ah-scmcp ey-t_m[w \jvS-s P\-X-bm-bXv sImmWXv.
(_Jd: 256,286 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). GsXm-cmpw Ah-\-hs Imcy-n am{Xta
D-c-hm-Zn--ap-q, Fm a\p-jysc \-bn-tev t{]cn-n- hnizm-kn-I-fpsS
_m[yXbm-Wv, Bscbpw \n_-n-m ]mSn-.
Cv bpan, adnv Jp-B -aq-Sn-sh \ntj-[n-I-tfmSv Jp-BsImv A[n-Icn Pnlm-Zm-Wp--Xv. (Xu_: 73, ^pJm: 52 Iqn-hm-bnp-I). AYhm ^pJm-\mb
Jp-B D]-tbm-Kn-msX kwL-S-\-bn tNm apivcnm-sWv Jp-B kqap-c
- nv ]d-bp-I. AAvdm^v: 176 Jp-B aqSn-sh-p ]WvUn-Xs
- \bpw, Jp-B\ns
Bibw ]Tn-m {ian-m apkvenw P\-X-sbbpw \mb-tbm-Sv D-]-an-n-p-s-pw, Ankm-Av: 145 D-cn-v ap\m^n-Jp-I acW-tm-Sp-IqSn hnNm-c-W-bn-msX \c-I-ns
ASn--nt]m-Ip-sapw ]-d-bp-I. Jp-B-\n-msX {]m-\-p-cw e`n-p-I-tbm,
\a-kvIm-cw,-t\mv XpS-nb A\p-jvSm-\- kzoI-cn-sSp-I-tbm-bn Fv am{X-a
AXp-hgn Ahv hgn-tISv hn-pI am{X-amWv sNpI Fv _Jd: 186, apAvan: 50
kq- D-cnv ]d-bp-I. Im^n-dpw, fzmenapw (A-{I-an-bpw), ^mknJpw (ap-\m-^n-Jpw),
436
Jp- B - \ ns Bmhv
apPvcnapw, Kzmho\pw, Kzm^n-eo-\p-samw apkven-fn\np--h- XsbmsWv _Jd:

99,254, amCZ: 4445,47, AAvdm^v: 35-36,40,175-176,179,205, kPZ: 12,22, Xu_: 19-23,24,80,
PpapA: 5, liv: 19, bqkp^v: 3, kpa: 59,63,71, bmko: 62, apIv: 611, ap\m-^n-Jq: 6,9
XpS-nb kq--fp--cnv ]d-bp-I. Amlp sImp-I-f ap\m-^n-Jp-I-fpsS ]nn
\a-kvI-cn-m ih-ns\ Cam-amn \a-kvI-cn-p--Xn\v Xpey-am-sW-pw, ^pJm:
74mw kqw A\pk-cnv "ap-Jo-v (Jp-B ]n]-p--hv) Rsf Cam-amt-Wta' Fv {]mn-p hnizm-kn-I Ahv Cam-ambn \a-kvI-cn-m\pw ]mSn
Fp]d-bp-I. Jp-B\nse kv]-amb kq-fpw kam-\-amb D]tamZm-l-c-W--fpw
(auC-fv) D-cn-p-sImmWv ta]-d coXn-bn PnlmZv \StXv. _Jd: 74,
B-en-Cw dm: 138, An-km-Av: 63 hniZo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Am-lp-hns in- Ghpw {]_e-hpw, Ahs in Ghpw ITn-\hpam-Ip-p
F-Xns hnh-, Fmw AS-n-`-cn-p Am-lp-hns inv apn Im^n-dp-IfpsS in Hp-a-s-pw, Ahsc \on--f-bm Am-lp-hn\v \njv{]-bmkw Ign-bp-sap-am-Wv. Ben-Cw-dm: 126,160 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
85.
Bscnepw asm-cp-h-t\mSv Hcp \{]hn-p-hm ip]mi-sN-p-I-bmsW-n Ah-\v A-Xn-\np Hcp hnln-X-ap-v. B asm-cp-h-t\mSv
Xn- {]-hn m ip]mi-sN-p-p-thm, Ah-\v AXn\np XnbpsS `mc-ns Hcp]pap-v. Amlp Fm-Im-cy-fpw (Fm hkvXp
hns\pdnpw) hebwsNbvX tat\mmc-\-tm.
A-Bw: 160, BcmtWm Hcp \bpw sImp-h--Xv, AXn\v ]n-cn \-bp

v, BcmtWm Hcp Xnbpw sImp-h--Xv, AXn\v X{]Xn-^-e-a-msX e`n-p-I-bn,
Ah-tcmSv A]wt]mepw A\oXn ImWn-p-I-bn- Fpw]d-n-pv. bmko: 12
Ah-cpsS Pohn-X-Im-ev {]hn--Im-cy--fpw, Ah- -]nX-e-ap-dv hn-tpt]mb
kwkvImc--fpsS t\-tIm--fpw \mw tcJ-s-Sp-p-pv Fp]d-bp-p. AXmbXv,
Pohn-XI
- m-ev sNbvX {]hrn-I am-{X-a
- , ]nKman-I Xs ]mX ]np-Sv sNbvX
{]hr-n-I-fpsS t\-tIm-fpsS Hcp hnln-Xhpw e`n-p--XmWv Fw. C^nXm: 6 Amlp ]d-bpp: Fm Hmtcm Bmhpw AXns Pohn-X-Im-ev km-Zn
Xpw ]nm-ev km-Zn-Xpw (hn-[n-Zn-h-kw) Adn-bp--Xm-Wv. Jnbma: 13, hn[nZn-hkw, a\pjytcmSv Ah apv sNbvXXns\-p-dnpw Ah ]noSv sNbvXXns\-pdnpw
hnhcw ]d-bp--XmWv Fpw ]d-n-p-v. Cu cv kq--fnepw ]noSv sNbvXXv
F-Xns D-iyw, ss]Xr-I--fm-Wv. Alvcow: 6 hnizm-kn-I-tf, \n \n-sf-sbpw \n-fpsS IpSpw-_mw-K--sfbpw \c-I-s-smv Imp-c-n-pI (A-qd:
45 Iqnhmbn-p-I) Fp-]-d-n-p-v. hniz-mkn-I ]d-bp-Xv {]hn-p--hcpw
(kz^v^v: 2 t\mpI), JpB\ns hn[n-hn-e-p-I ]n]-p--hcpw ]nKm-an-I-sf
AXn\v AXn-bmbn t{]cnnp--h-cp-amWv. \n-fn-te--hp-w D--a Jp-B\ns Bibw
]Tn-p-Ibpw, ]Tn-n-p-np-Ibpw sNp-hc
- m-Wv F \_n-hN
- \w Dsmv {]hnp--h-cp-am-Wh. _Jd: 159-161,174-176, Ben-Cw-dm: 187 kq--fpsS Bi-b-samw
Dsmv Amlp Ahs samw krnIv Xr]vXn-s hn[n-hn-e-p-I-fmb JpB\ns Bibw ]nK-man-Iv am{X-a-, samw a\p-jypw Fn-p-sIm-Sp-p--
An-km-Av (4)
437
Xm-Wv. Alv: 44-s Iev]\: \mw \n\v Cu A\p-kva-cWw Cd-n-bncn-p-p, P\-v FmtWm Cd--s-n-p-Xv AXv Ahv \o shfn-hm-n-sIm-Sp-p--Xn-\pw,
Ah {]Xn-^-en-n-p--Xn\pwthn Fp-]-d-n-p-v. AXn-\p-thn FmIgn-hp-Ifpw, A\p-{K-l-fpw hn\n-tbm-Kn-p--Xp-am-Wv. Fm I]-S-hn-izmkn-I Jp-B\ns
Bibw]d-bp-Xpw, \S-n-em-p-Xpw XS-bp--Xn\pwthn Fm-I-gn-hp-Ifpw D]-tbmKn-p-hcpw, KqV-X{ sa\-bp--hcp-am-Wv (Xu_: 67 t\mp-I). `qan-bn B
-cw Nnnbmepw AXn-s ]m]-`mcw Cu I]-Sam hln-t-n-h-cn-Ibpw sNpw.
(ABw: 2527 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Ghpw henb ZpjvT Jp-B Bi-b-a-dn-bmsX
HmXp-- ^mPn-dm-sWv \_n (k) ]Tn-n-np-Xv aqSn-shv "Aen-^vemwaow' \n-fp-cn-p-n-, Hmtcmpw ]v -\--I-fm-bn-sm--msX F \_n-h-N\w am{Xw D-cnp-sImv Jp-B Bi-b-a-dn-bmsX HmXn-bmepw ]pWy-ap-sv Cu I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I
km[m-c-W-msc DWp-p. AXp-hgn Ah \c-I-n-s- A-Sn--n-tev Bn-d
p-I-bmWv sNp-Xv. Jp-B-t\m-Xp aqp-hn-`m-K-fn apAvan\v am{Xta Aen^vemwaowsImv F samw Jp-BsIm-p-Xs ]pWyw-e-`n-p-I-bpq.
AmsX Bibw ]Tn-m {ian-m ^mPn-dn-\pw, Bi-b-samw Adn-npw ]n]m ap\m-^n-Jn\pw Jp-BsIv bmsXmcpKpWhpw e`n-p-I-bn-. [nm-cn-Iv
Jp-B \-a-msX hn-n-p-I-bn-sv Ckvdm-Av: 82 ]d-bp-p. adnv HmXnb
Jp-B Ahs-Xnsc kmywhln-p-Ibpw hmZn-p-Ibpw sNpw. AXpX-s-bmWv
Bi-b-a-dn-bmsX Jp-B-t\m-Xnbm hnn\nv Ap-sX-dn-pt]m-Ip thK-n
Zo\n\npw sXdn-p-t]m-Ip-sav Amlp \_n (k)bneqsS ]Tn-n--Xns s]mcp.
Poh-Pm-e--fnsht-hpw Zp _pn-i-n-- D]-tbm-Kn-m Jp-B\ns Biadnnp ap--h-tcmSv ]d-bmIgn-bm DuaIfpw, Bibw tIm I-gn-bm _[ncam-cp-am-sWv A^m: 22,55 kq--fn ]d-n-p-v. Alv: 24-25, JpB ]gp-cm-Wa
- m-sWv Xn]dpsImv Jp-B\ns Bi-bs
- -p-dnv bmsXmcp
Adn-hp-an-msX AXns hn[n-hn-e-p-I-fn\nv a\p-jysc XS-bp--hv hgn-]n-g--hcpsS ]m]-`m-c-ns Hcp-hn-ln-Xw Ay-\m-fn hln-t-n-h-cp-sav ap-dn-bn-p-\Inbn-p-v.
AI-_qv: 12-, I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fmb Im^n-dp-I hn-izm-kn-I-tfmSv: "\n Rsf ]n]-p-I, R \n-fpsS ]m]-`m-c- hln-psImm'sav ]d-bp-p,
Fm Ah \pW-]-d-bp--h Xs-bm-Wv, Ah hnizm-kn-I-fpsS Hcp-]m-]-`m-chpw
hln-p-I-bnmsbp Amlp ]d-bp-p. Fm 13, Ah Ah-cpsS ]m]-`m-c-hpw,
Ah hgn-]n-g-n--h-cpsS ]m]-`m-c-ns ]pw hln-p-I-Xs sNp-sav ]d-bp-p.
hnizm-kn-I a\p-jysc Jp-B-\n-tev hnfn-p-I-hgn kzKn-te-pw, Ffp--am-b- PohnXkc-Wn-bn-te-p-amWv hnfn-p-Xv, Fm I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I a\p-jysc Pohn-X-`mc--fn-te-pw, \c-I-n-te-p-amWv Jp-B-\n\nv XS-bp-I-hgn hnfn-p-sIm-n-cn-pXv. ^pn-ev: 26-28 ]d Im^n-dp-I I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifmb t\Xm-fpw, 29
]d Im^n ^mPn-dp-I-fmb A\p-bm-bn-I-fp-am-Wv. (A-Bw: 164, Ckvdm-Av: 15, ^pkznev: 40,44, \wev: 89-90, ^mXzn: 18, kpa: 7, APvav: 38-40, Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 67,
166-167,261,286 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
86.
\n A`n-hm-Z\w sN-s-m AXnepw `wKn-bm-bn, As-n AXpt]m-
438
Jp- B - \ ns Bmhv
se-sb-nepw {]Xy-`n-hmZyw sNp-hn. \nbw, Amlp Fm-Im-cyfpsSbpw IW-v IWn-i-ambn -t\m-p--h-\m-Ipp.
Am-lp-hn \np A\p-{K-lo-X-hpw, ]cn-ip--hp-amb A`n-hmZ\w sNbvXp-sImm-bn-cn-W

- w hnizm-kn-I Ah-cpsS hoSp-If
- n-tepw ap-ho-Sp-If
- n-tepw {]th-intXv Fv Aq: 61 ]d-n-p-v. \_n (k) Ckvdm-Av, anAvdmPv \mfn (C-kvdmAv:
1, APvav: 117, kpKvdp^v: 45 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I) P-p aAvhbn {]th-inv, "Fm
A`n-hm-Z-\-fpw Am-lp-hn-\m-Wv, Fm \a-kvIm-c-fpw ({]m-\-I-fpw), ]cn-ip-amb
hn`-h--fp-samw Fv Am-lp-hns\ A`n-hmZyw sNbvX-tm,
"Hm \_n- t b,
\nsta Am-lp-hns c-bp-m-bn-cn-s, Ahs Imcp-Wyhpw A\p-{K-l--fpw'Fv Amlp {]Xy-`n-hmZyw \In. Atm kemw]d-Xv \_n-bm-b-XpsImv
kemw-]-d-b sFn-Ihpw aS-n-bXv Am-lp-hm-b-Xp-sImv kemwaS- \n_-hpam-Wv. Hcm \_n (k)bpsS ASpphv ]dp:Am-lp-hns {]hm-N-Itc, XmfpsS-ta Am-lp-hns c-bp-m-bn-cn--s. Atm kemw aSn \_n (k) ]dp: ]v. asm-cn- B Bfp-hv \_nv kemw ]d-p: Hm {]hm-N-Im, Am-lphns cbpw Imcp-Wyhpw \n-fn-ep-m-bn-cn--s, \_n kemw aS-n-, C-cp-nv ]dp: Ccp-]-Xv. asm-cn- AtX Bfp-hv: Xm-fp-sS ta Am-lp-hns c-bpw,
Imcp-Wyhpw, A\p-{K-l-hp-ap-m-bn-cn--s Fv \_n-tbmSv ]d-p. kemwaSn \_n
(k) ]d-p: ap-Xv. kemw- ]-d hnizm-kn-Iv ta]d{]Imcw IqSp-X `wKnbmbn kemw aS-phv ]v, Ccp-]-Xv, apXv F tXmXn ]pWyw hn-n-p-Inp-sa-mWv \_n ]Tn-n--Xns s]mcp.
apPm-Zne: 8, \_n-tbmSp Amlp ]d-bp-p: Am-lp-t]mepw A`n-kw-t_m-[\w
sNm--hn[w \ns ap\m-^n-Jp-I, A`n-kw-t_m-[\w sNp--XmWv. apl-Zns\-Xncm-bnv KqV-X{w {]tbm-Kn-p--Xns t]cn Amlp Fp-sIm-mWv \s innm--sXv Ah B-KXw sNp-Ibpw sNpw. PqXamcpw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw
]cnl-kn-psIm-pw, \mhp-h-f-sm-SnpsImpw "\o \in-s' F B-i-b-n {]hmN-Is\ A`n-kw-t_m-[\w sNbvXncpp. Atm AhtcmSv \ns-taXs)Fpw
im]-{]m-\-b Fv tXmp-psh-n \ns-ta-en-epw Fpw \_n(-k) {]Xy-`n-hmZyw sNbvXn-cp-p. hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv JpBsImv A[n-I-cn Pnlm-Zp-sN-m- ]d,
Amlp h[n-pIf I]Shnizm-kn-I-tfm-Spw, PqXam-tcmSpw kemw Atm-p-]-d-bcp-sX-pw (An-km-Av: 91, Xu_: 73,123, ^pJm: 52, Alvkm_v: 1,61, ^Xlv: 29
Iqnhmbn-p-I) Ah-cn-tmv ]d-m X-Xmb hn[-n {]Xy-`n-hm-Zyw sN-Wsapw \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. Amlp Ahsc i]n-p-Ibpw sImpIbpw sNbvXncns hnizm-kn-I-sf-s\ "Amlp \n-tfm-sSm--ap-m-bn-cn--s-'sbv I]-S-hn-izkn-Ipthn {]mn-pw? I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fp-sS-ta an-v -\-a-kvI-cncpsX pw,
Ah-cpsS J_-dn- \n-cp-sXpw Xu_: 84 Amlp hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv Iev]n-npap- v . Xu_: 113, inp- s N- p- - h pthnA- h amXm- ] n- X m- fmsWnepwicns]mdp--ens\ tXSm]mSn- Fv {]hm-N-I-t\mSpw hnizm-kn-ItfmSpw Inn-pv (apPm-Zne: 22 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). inv sNp--h Bcm-sWv _Jd: 176-s
hni-Zo-I-c-W-n t\mp-I. Ankm-Av: 8081 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
An-km-Av (4)
87.
439
Am-lp, Ah-\
- msX thsd Cem-ln-X
- s
- . Ay-\m-fn Ah \nsf
Fmh-scbpw Hcp-an-p-Iq-pIXs- sN-pwAXns Imcy-n bmsXmcp
kwi-b-hp-an-. Am-lp-hns kwkm-c-tm kXy-k--amb kwkmcw
amcptS-Xm-Wp-X-v?.
"knZvJv' hp-In-n-bnv AXns\ Xndp If-hm-n-b-h Ghpw henb A{Ian-bmsWpw, Ccw Im^n-dp-Iv \c-I-n ]mnSw t]msctbm Fpw kpa:
32 tNmZn-pp. 33, BmtWm knZvJv hp-InpIbpw AXns\ kXy-s-Sp-pIbpw sNbvXXv, Aq- Xs-bmWv ap-Jo- Fpw ]d-n-p-v. ChnsS knZvJv
sImp hnh Jp-B-\m-Wv (_Jd: 2,38,185 hni-Zo-I-cWw Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). apk
emv: 50-epw AAvdm^v: 185-epw, Atm \n Cu h-am-\-n-\p-tijw C\n
at-sXmcp h-am-\-n-emWv hniz-kn-m t]mIp--sXv tNmZn-p-p. BcmWv
Am-lp-hn-t\-m kXy-k--ambn kwkm-cn-p-h F Bi-b-n-emWv Ankm-Av: 122 Ah-km-\n-p--Xv. AI-_q-v: 68-, Amlp tNmZn-pp: BcmWv
Am-lp-hn-sta Iw-sI-n--ap ]d-bp--h-t\-m As-n lJv hp-In-n-b-Xn\p-tijw AXns\ Xn--d--h-t\-m Ghpw henb A{Ian? Ccw Im^ndpIv
\c-I-p-n ]mnSw t]msctbm? kp-a: 22 Amlp ]d-bpp: Atm- Hcp-h,
Ahs s\ns\ Amlp Ckveman-tev hnim-e-am-n. Ah Xs \mY-\n\np
Hcp {]Im-i-n-ep-am-Wv. Ah, Am-lp-hns kvacW \ne-\np Jp-B-\ns
BibtmSv X-fpsS lrZbw In-v hy-amb hgn-tI-Sn-embn \cI-nse "ssh'
F sNcp-hn AIs-hs\tmse-bm-Iptam? 23-, Amlp Ghpw \-h-am\hpw
D]-a D-Zm-lc
- W
-
- Bhn-p-hc
- p-X
- p-amb kq-f
- p {K-an-d
- n. Xs \mYs\
`b-s-Sp--h-cpsS sXmen-I AXp-sIms tcmam--apsm-p--Xm-Wv. ]ns AhcpsS sXmen-I-fpw, lrZ-b-fpw "Amlv' F kvac-W-bn (Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n)
hn\o-X-cmbn {]I-\w sImp--Xpam-Wv. AXm-Ipp Am-lp-hns kamKw.
AXpsImv (Jp-B-\ns BibwsImv) Amlp Ah-\p-t-in-p--hsc kamKn-te-m-p-p. Bsc-bmtWm Amlp hgn-tI-Sn-em-n-b-Xv, Atm Ah\v amKZin-bmbn Bcpw Xs-bn-. (-^mXzn: 14 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
\_n (k) ]Tn-np: Ghpw \-h-am\w Am-lp-hns {K-am-Wv, Ghpw
\ kw`m-h\ apl-Zv \_n (k) bptSXpamWv. Fm ]pXn-bXmb Iev]\Ifpw XnI-fm-Wv, ]pXpXmbn Dm-psmcp Imcyw Am-lp-hns Zo\n _nZv-A-v BWv.
Fm _nZv-Apw hgn-tI-Sm-Wv. Fm hgn-tISpw \c-I-n-em-Wv. BcmtWm B hgn-tISn Dd-Xv Ah \c-I-n Bn-d-p--Xp-am-Wv. Jp-B-\n Fm-Im-cy-fpw
hni-Zo-I-cn-n-pv. (ABw: 38, Alv: 89, Ckvdm-Av: 41,89, Ilv^v: 54, kpa: 27-28
t\mp-I). ^pJm: 33 Amlp ]d-bp-p: \ns ASp-t-sm-cp- tNm-Zyhpw sImh hcp-n-, AXns bYm D-c-hpw, Ay-\m hsc-bp P\- C\n AXpt]m-ep tNmZy- tNmZn-t--Xn-m hn[-n-ep X^vkohymJym-\hpw \Inbn--msX. Atm "CPv-Xn-lm-sZ'v ]d-m, G-sXmcp hnj-bsp-dnpw Jp-B\n ]d-n-p ]Z- Is-epw Iqn-tbm-Pn-np a\-n-em--ep-am-Wv. AXn\m
bYm-n lZokv Jp-B-\pw, \_n-bpsS kw`m-h-\-bmb "lZn' JpB-\ns hniZo-I-c-W-hp-am-Wv (AJn-bma: 16-19 t\mp-I). Npcp--n {XnIm-e-m \nbmb Am-
Jp- B - \ ns Bmhv
440
lp-hns {XnIm-e-m\amWv Jp-B. \_n (k) ]Tn-n-p:
ap GXp-kw-km-c-t-mfpw Am-lp-hns kwkm-c-amb Jp-B\n-\p

t{ijv T X krjv S n- I - f p- s S- t a {km- h mb Am- l phn\p t{ijv T Xbm- I p- p
AXpsImpXs ABw: 155 Amlp ]d-bp-p: A\p-{K-l-k-q-amb Cu
{Ks \mam-Wn-d-n-b-Xv, Atm \n-f-Xns\ ]n]-p-I, AXns BibwsImv
A-m-lp-hn-s\ lrZ-b-n kqn-p-Ibpw sNpI\n A\p-{K-ln--s-Sp-Xn-\pth-n. (_Jd: 78,213 Ben-Cw-dm: 95,138, Ankm-Av: 78,82 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I).
88.
(hn-izm-kn-I-tf) Atm \ns-p-]n, I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS Imcyn \n cp-InIfm-bn-cn-p-tm? Ah km-Zn Xn-I-fpsS-t]-cn Amlp Ahsc Xe-Xn-cn-p-hn-n-cn-p-I-bm-Wv. Amlp hgn-]ng-n-hsc kamKn-em-msamtWm \n Dt-inp--Xv? Bsc
bmtWm Amlp bYm-amK-n\nv hgn]ng-n-Xv, Atm- Ahs\
t\amKn-emp Hcmsf \o Is-p-I-bnXs.
amCZ: 49 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. Jp-B\ns Bibw aqSn-sh-p--h sXm-Sn-IfmsWv _Jd 99epw, Am-lphns\ ad-m Ah sXm-Sn-Ifmb I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifmbn Fv liv: 19epw ]d-bpp. JpB\ns Bi-b-samw Adn-nv Zp\n-bmhn\pthn Jp-B\ns\ Ah-KW
- nXn-\m ]nimNv Ahs\ ]n]-p- Ibpw, As\ Ah
Pohn-X-eyw \jvS-sh-\mhpIbpw sNbvXp Fv AAvdm^v: 175176 ]d-np-v.
apPm-Zne: 19 Ah Am-lp-hns\-bpw, Jp-B\ns Bi-b-sbpw hnkva-cn-- ]nimNns kwL-m-cm-sWv ]d-bp-p. (Xu_: 67-68 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Ccw ap\m-^n-JpI-fpsS Imcy-n hnizm-kn-Iv c-`n-{]m-b-ap-m-Im ]mSn-s-mWv Amlp ]dbp--Xv. Amlp Btcbpw hgn-tI-Sn-em-p-n-, Ah kzbw hgn-tISv sXsc-s-Sp-Xm-Wv. _Jd: 67,24,26-27, 39,159-161,174-176, 254,286 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
89.
Ah \ntj-[n-X
- p-t]mse \nfpw \ntj-[n-If
- mbn cp-Iq-cpw Hcp-t]mse
Bbno-s-n \m-bn-cpts\ Fm-W-h-cm-{K-ln-p--Xv. Atm
Ah Am-lp-hns amKn kztZiw shSnphcp--Xp-hsc \n
Ah-cn\nv H-cm-sfbpw an{X--fmbn kzoI-cn--cp-Xv. C\n Ah ]nn-cnbp-I-bm-sW-n \n-f-hsc Fhn-sS-shv Ftm-gmtWm Ip-ap-n-bXv
AhnsSshv ]nSn-Iq-Sp-I-bpw h[n-p-Ibpw sNpI. Ah-cn\nv H-cm
sfbpw \n c-I-t\m, klm-bntbm Bbn kzoI-cn-pIbpa-cpXv.
kzw hoSp-I-fn NS-p-IqSn bp-cw-K-tv hcmXncp I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-sfbm-Wv ChnsS Dt-in-p--Xv. Fm Cv Am-lp-hns amK-n Cdn-p-d-sSp-Xphsc Fp-]-d-m, Jp-B\ns Bi-b-tmSv ImWn-p Ah-KW\ aXnbmn Jp-B\ns Bibw ]n]-n, ap P\-v ]Tn-n-m XpS-p--Xp-h-sc
Fm-Wv. ^pJm: 52 Amlp ]d-bp-p: Jp-B aqSn-sh ap\m-^n-Jp-Isf A\pk-cn--cp-Xv, Ah-tcmSv Cu Jp-BsImv A[n-I-cn PnlmZv sNp-I. Xu_: 23,
hnizm-kn-Isf hnfnp Amlp ]d-bp-p: \n \n-fpsS ]nXm--sfbpw ktlm-Z-c-
An-km-Av (4)
441
-sfbpw an{X-fpw kwc--I-cp-ambn kzoI-cn--cpXvA-h hniz-mk-n-\p-ta \ntj[w

CjvS-s-Sphcm-sW-n. \n-fn Bsc-nepw A-s\ sNbvXm, Atm Aq Xs-bmWv A{I-an-I (apPm-Zne: 22 Iqn-hm-bn-pI). _Jd: 109,229,254, Ben-Cw-dm:
28,86,91, An-km-Av: 60-63 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
90.
Fm \n-fp--ambn Icm-dn-tes-n-p P-\-Xbn IqSn-tv Xma-knp I]Sam Cuhn[n-bn \nsm-gn-hm-Ip-p. Asn \n-tfmtSm,
kzw P\-tmtSm bpw-sN-m a\p-h-cmsX \n-fpsS ASp-p-hp
Amcyw Xpd-p-]-d--h\pw Cuhn-[n-bn \nsm-gn-hm-Ip-p. Amlp
Dtinn-cp-psh-n Ahsc \ns-Xn-cn Xncn-p-hn-Sp- Ibpw, As\
Ah \ns-Xn-cn bpwsNp-Ibpw sNp-am-bn-cp-p. C\n Ah
\n-tfmSv bpw-sN-msX amdn-\np-Ibpw \n-fpsS t\sc kn-bpsSbpw kam-[m-\-n-sbpw ssI\o-p-Ibpw sNp--]w AhcpsS-ta
\nv HcpamKhpw Amlp \n-bn-n-n-.
91.
asmcp hn`mKw I]-Sh

- n-izm-kn-Isf \n Is-p-IX
- s sNpw. Ah
\nsf hniz-kn-n-m {ianpw, Ah-cpsS P-\X
- sbbpw hniz-kn-n-m
{ian-pw. {]Xn-k
- n-bpsSbpw Ipg-nsbpw L-f
- nsemw Ah-cXn
hv X-e-bn-Sp-Ibpw sNp-w. Atm Cq \n-sXnsc bpw
sNmsX amdn-\n-mXn-cn-p-Ibpw kn-bpsSbpw kam-[m-\-nsbpw
amKw At]-n-m-Xn-cn-p-I-bpw, Ah-cpsS ssII \n-sf-smv ASn-sh-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-]w \n-f-hsc Fhn-sS-hpw F
s\bpw ]nSnIqSn sImp-If
- b
- pIbpw sNpI. Atm Aq-c
- psStaemWv
\mw \nv hy-amb \ymbw \In-bn-p--Xv.
hnizm-kn-I
- sXn-cmbpw kzP\-Xs
- -Xn-cmbpw Xncn-bmsX I]-Sh
- n-izm-kn-If
- nsh \njv]-X ]men-pIbm-sW-n Ah-tcmSv {]Xn-Imcw sNmsX, Am-lp-hns
krn-I Am-lp-hns `qan-bn Ah \n-bn Bbp-p-]qn-bmn Pohn-p-t]mIs F \ne]m-SmWv ssIsIm-t--Xv. Fm hnizm-kn-I-fpw, Ah-cpsS i{Xpfpw
Xn s]mcp-Xp-tm \njv]X ]pemsX AXn NmSn-hoWv Xe-bn-Sp-Ibpw
hnizm-kn-Is-Xn-cmbn \ne-sIm-p-I-bp-am-sW-n, bpw Ign-mepw Fhn-sS-sh-v,
Ftm-gmtWm Ip-ap-p-Xv Ahn-sS-shv Ahsc ]nSn-IqSn sImp-I-f-b-W-sa-mWv
hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv Amlp Iev]np--Xv. Ah, Amlp sImp-I-f Am-lphn
sbpw hnizm-kn-I-fp-sSbpw i{Xp--fm-sWv ^pn-ev: 8, ap\m-^n-Jq: 4 kqfn
]d-n-p-v. Cv bp--sfm-p-an-, Jp-BsImv AXv aqSn-sh--h-tcm-Sp PnlmZv
am{X-am-Wp-Xv (^pJm: 52). Cv Jp-B\ns Bibw ]Tn-n-p kZ-p-I XSbp cwK--fn ]s-Sp-msX amdn-\np I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Isf Ah-cpsS ]mn-\v hnSm-\mWv Iev]n-p--sX-n, AXv XS-bp--Xn-\p-thn KqV-X{w {]tbm-Kn-p I]S-hn-izm-kn-I-tfmSv cay-X-bn s]cp-am-dm-t\m, kemw ]d-bmt\m, cI\pw klm-bn-bpambn sXsc-s-Sp-mt\mAh ]nXmthm aIt\m Bcm-bn-cn-shnizm-kn-Iv
]mSn- FmWv Amlp Iev]n-p--Xv. (Xu_: 23-24, apPm-Zne: 22 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
442
Jp- B - \ ns Bmhv
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Isf Ip-ap-p-t-Spshv sIm-W-sa 91mw kq-n-sbpw

Alvkm_v: 61mw kq-n-sbpw Xu_: 123mw kq-n-sbpw Iev]\ hnizm-knIfpsS kwL-tm-Sv am{Xam-Wv, AmsX hyn-I-tfm-S-. hnizm-kn-I-fpsS kwL-ap-sn Ahv A[n-Imcw \Ip-sav Aq: 55 ]d-n-p-v. Fm Cv temIs-hn-sSbpw B kwL-an-, adnv Hbpw sX-bp-am-bnp hnizm-kn-I am{X-ta-bp-q.
Ckv-dm-Cu ]S\m-b-I-\mb ako-lp--m hcn-I-bpw, Cu ap\m-^n-Jp-I-sfmw Ahs\
]qam-e-bnv kzoI-cn-p-Ibpw sNp--Xm-Wv. ImcWw Ah-cpsS B{K-l--fmWv ako-lp-m ]qoI-cnv sImSp-p-I. tijw Cukm \_nhv Ahs\ sImp-Ibpw,
hnizmknI temI-v samw A[n-Im-c-n hcnIbpw Cu aqp-kq-- \S-n
em-p-Ibpw sNp--Xm-Wv. Jp-B-\n-ep-ff Cu aqp kq-fpw CXp-hsc \_n
(k)tbm, tijap--htcm \S-n-em-n-bn-n-. \mSp-I-fpsS tI{-amb a Bm-\-ambn
CXp-h-sc- Bcpw temIw `cn-n-n-, Cp-hsc temI-s-mbn-Spw t\mtm s]cpmtfm Htc Znhkambn tbmPnphn-n-. CsXmw Cukm \_n hXn\ptijw
am{X-amWv \S-n-em-hp-I. Jp-B\ns Bibw _kzm-C-dmbn D]-tbm-Kn-p hnizm-kn
I, Jn_vebp a-bn t\mpw s]cp-mfpw \S-p-Xv FmtWmJn_vesb
Fm-Im-cy-n\pw, \n Ftm FhnsS GXv Imcy-n\m-bmepw AXntev XncnbpI F I\ AwKo-I-cnpsImvB Znh-kamWv kzoI-cn-pI.
Xu_: 73, Xlvcow: 9 Fo kq--fn \_nsb hnfnv Amlp: Jp-B
kq- ASn-Sn aqSn-sh-p Ip^v^m-dp-I-tfmSpw I]-S-hn-izmknI-tfmSpw PnlmZv
sN-W-sa-pw, AhtcmSv tIm]w-]p-en ]cpjambn s]cp-amdW-sa-pw, Ah-cpsS
aSw \c-I-am-Wv--F{Xtam-i-s aS--ew Fpw]d-n-p-v. Cv, sImm Iev]s Ccw I]-S-hn-izm-knIsf Jp-B kq- D-cn-psImv ]n, ]n,
Igp-X, PqX, a\p-jy-n-im-Nv Fsmw ]d-bp-I-bpw, Ccw Poh-Pm-e--fpsS cq]-nem-bn-cnpw Ah \c-I-n ]\Po-hn-n--s-SpI Fv XmoXv \Ip-Ibpw thWw.
Jp-B kq--fpw, \_n-h-N-\-fpw hf-sm-Sn-p-, aqSn-sh-p Ccw a\p-jy-n-Isf sImmsX sImm- am{Xta Cp km[n-p-I-bp-q. Xu_: 120 A\p-k-cnv I]S-hn-izm-kn-Iv tZjyw -]n-Sn-n-p Ccw ]Z D]-tbm-Kn-p-Xv XfpsS
Xpem-kn XqwIqm D]-I-cn-pw. AYhm F Xkv_n-ln-s\-m Cv Xqw
e`n-p--]Zw Ch-I-sf-m-am-Wv. Npcp--n Hcp sXp-I-m ssIsImv XS-bWw,
AXn\v km-[n-p-n-s-n \mhp-sImv XS-b-Ww, AXn-\pw km[n-p-n-s-n Ahsc
a\-p-sImv shdp-p-Isbnepw sNWw AXpw sN-m-h\v hnizm-k-n\nv
Hcwiw t]mep-an-sv \_n (k) ]Tn-n-Xv \S-n-em-pI-bmWv hnizm-kn-I th-Xv.
_Jd: 27,145,159-161,254, Ben-Cw-dm: 119,138, An-km-Av: 63 hni-ZoI-cWw t\mp-I.
92.
A_--n-e-msX Hcphnizmkn asmcp hnizm-knsb h[n-p-I- kw`-hy-a-Xs

- . C\n-bm-sc-nepw Hcphnizm-knsb A_-
- n h[n-m, Atmfh, AXn-\v -{]m-b-n--ambn Hcp hnizm-knbmb A-Sn-asb kzX-{-am-pIbpw, h[n-s
- -h
- s Ah-Im-in-I
- v X-Xmb \jvS]
- c
- n-lmcwAhcXv
hnp-sIm-Sp-m-sem-gnsI\Ip-Ibpw thWw. C\n- h[n--sh \nfpsS i{Xp-P-\-X-bpsS Iq-n Pohn-p hnizm-kn-bm-sW-n, AXns
An-km-Av (4)
443
{]mb-nw hnizm-kn-bmb Hc-Sn-asb kzX-{-am--em-Wv. C\n h[n-s--h \ntfmSv kJy-n-tes-n-p Hcp -P-\XbpsSbnS-bn Xmakn-p hnizm-kn-bm-sW-n, Ahs Ah-Im-in-Iv X-Xmb \]-cn-lmcw \Ip-Ibpw, hnizm-kn-bmb Hc-Sn-asb kzX-{-am-p-IbpwthWw.
C\n ASn-asb kzX-{-am-m km[n-n-s-n Am-lphn \np
]m-m-]-ambn cp-amkw XpS-bm-bn t\m-\p-jvTn-t-XmWv.
Amlp Fmadn-bp k-m-\nbmb bpn-m-\n- Xs btm.
X-Xmb \jvS-]-cn-lmcw Fp-]-d--m, \oXn-amam-cmb ssIIm-cy-Im-
As-n `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I \oXn-tbm-Sp-IqSn \n-bn-p kwJy-bm-Wv (amCZ: 95
Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). \_n (k) \n-bn-Xv \qdv HIw As-n Ccp-qdv ]ip AXp-a-s
n cm-bncw BSp-I, As-n AhbpsS kam-\-amb hnetbm BWv. hnizm-knbmb ASn-asb kzX-{-am-p-I-sbv ]d-m, Cv ASn-a-k-{-Zm-b-an-s-nepw hnizm
kn-bmbn Pohn-mXm-dp Hcmv Pohn-X-amKw Is-mthn klm-bn-em-Wv. AXp-sIm-m-Wv ASn-asb kzX-{-am-m Inn-bn-s-n Fp-]-d-bp-Xn-\p-]Icw "km[n-n-s-n' Adp-]Xv Znhkw XpS-bmbn t\m-\p-jvTn-m ]d--Xv. i{XpP-\-Xbns hnizm-kn-bm-sW-n Ah-Im-in-Iv \-]-cnlmcw \tI--Xn-.
Fm hnizm-kn-bmb ASn-asb kzX-{-am- Fm- A-h--bnepw ]m-m-]-ambn
hn[n-n-p-v. kJyntes P\-X-bn-ep hniz-kn-bmWv h[n--s--sX-n AhIm-inIp \]-cn-lmcw, B \m-nse `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I \oXn-]qw \n-bn-p-XmWv.
93.
Bsc-nepw Hcphnizm-knsb Icp-Xn-q-n-sIm-m Ah-\p {]Xn-êw

\c-I KamIp-p, Ah-\X
- n imiz-Xa
- mbn hkn-pw, Ah-s-ta Am
lp-hns tIm]apv im]-hp-ap-v. tLm-c-ambin Ah-\p-thn Hcpn-sh-p-Ibpw sNbvXncnpp.
BZw kXn-I-fn Jm_o lm_o-ens\ h[n--XmWv temIp BZyw \S-sIm-e-]m-XIw. amCZ: 30, Ahs \^vkv A-Xn-\v -h-g-n-sbv ]d--Xn\nv IcpXn-q-n-bmWv Ah ktlm-Z-c-s\- sIm--Xv Fv a\-n-em-mw. Ah\v temIp\Sp Fm sIm-e-bp-sSbpw in-bpsS Hcp-hn-lnXapsv \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-cn-pp
(An-kmAv: 85 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-Iv Amlp {Kn tcJ-s-Sp-n-bn-p-v, Hcp \^vkn\v ]I-c-am-bn-sm--msX As-n `qanbn
\mi-ap-m-p-Xns t]cn-e-msX Bsc-nepw Hcp\^vkns\ h[n-m Ah a\pjyk-ap-Zm-bs samw h[n--Xp-t]m-se-bm-Wv. Bsc-nepw Hcp \^vkns\ Pohn-n-m
Ah a\p-jy-k-ap-Zm-bs apgp-h\pw Pohn-n--Xp-t]m-se-bp-am-Ip-p (amCZ: 32-33 t\m
pI). kpa: 53mw kq-ns hni-Zo-I-c-W-n Ckvdm-Cu kXn-I-fns
\qdv sImesNbvX Hcmv Xu_ (]-m-m-]w) e`n--hn-hcw \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-pv. Atm Atlw Icp-Xn-Iq-nb \qdv sImebpw sNbvX-sXv a\-n-em-mw (kpa:
5559 Iqn-hm-bn-pI). _Jd: 67,178-179, AnkmAv: 29-31 hniZo-I-cWw t\mpI. 94.
Hm hnizm-kn-Itf, \n Am-lp-hns amKn bp-n-\mbn Cd-
444
Jp- B - \ ns Bmhv
n- n- c n- m, Atm \n shfn- h m- p- I . Hcm \ntfmSv
kemw]dm As-n A`bw tNmZn-m, sFln-I-t\w sImXn-p
sImv \n-f-h-t\mSv \o hnizm-kn-b-m-sbv ]d-b-cp-Xv. bp-ap-X-em-Is
Am-lp-hn-s-bSpv [mcm-f-ap-v. apv \n-fpw Ah-sc-tm-se-bm-bn-cp-tm, Atm Amlp \n-fp-sS-ta HuZmcyw ImWn-p. AXpsImv
\n icnpw shfn-hm-p-I. \nbw, Amlp \n-fpsS {]h-\-sfmw hebwsNbvX {XnIm-em-\nbm-Ip-p.
"shfn-hm-p-I' Fp]d-m, bYm-hn-izm-kn-I-sfbpw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-sfbpw

Xncn--dn-b-hw hnizmkw {]I-S-am-p-Isbm-Wv. Xu_: 6, apivcnp-I-fns
Bsc-nepw \ntmSv A`bw tNmZn-m, Ah-\v A-`bw sImSp-p-I-bpw, Am-lp-hns
kwkmcw Ahs\ tIn-p-Ibpw, ]ns Ahs\ kpc-n-X-amb m\tp
AISntk-hnp FnpsImSp-pIbpw sNW-w. ImcWw Ah hnh-c-an-m-smcp
P\-X-bm-sWpw Amlp ]d-n-p-v. A-tm bp-ap-J-p-shp Bsc-nepw A`bw
tNmZn-p-I-tbm, As-n kemw]dv hnizmkw {]I-Sn-n-pItbm sNp-I-bm-sWn, bp-ap-X sIm-Xnpw, Xs ]qn-I-mh adpw, Am-lp-hns\ ad-p-sImv
\o hn-izm-kn-b- Fp]d-v Ahs\ h[n--cp-sXmWv hniz-mkn--I-sf hnfnp Amlp
]d-bp--Xv. hnizm-kn-I Am-lp-hn-\p-thn am{Xw Pohn-p--hcpw Am-lp-hns
{]Xn-\n[n-I-fp-am-sW-n-cn-s, Jp-B Inm, sXmSm Hcp hn`mKw P\-X-tbmSv
Fs\ hntcm[wshv ]p-epw? Fs\ hKo-b-X-Im-Wn-pw? Fs\ Ah-cpsS
cwNnpw? Hcn-ep-an- (A^m: 17 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
Cv hnizm-kn-I-fpsS kwLanm--Xn-\m\_n-bpsS am Pohn-X Ime-L--nse-t]mseJp-B ]n]n Pohn-p hnizmkn-tbmSv bpwsImv (h[w, {]Xn{In-b, hy`n-Nm-c-n\p in \S-n-em-p-I, PpapA, Pam-A-v kwL-Sn-n-pI XpSn
Hpw-Xs) Iev]n-n-n-. adnv Jp-B\ns Bibw aqSn-sh-p Im^n-dp-I-fmb
ap\m-^n-Jp-I-tfmSv Jp-BsImp Pnlm-Zm-Wp--Xv. (Xu_: 73, ^pJm: 52 Iqnhm-bn-p-I). Jp-B Fm P\-hn-`m-K-ns \nc-]-cm-[n-Ifpw, \njvI-f--cp-amb
a\p-jysc kzbwt_mw_mbn sImp-h
-- a\p-jy-k-apZm-bs apgp-hsIm in-hln-t-n-h-cpw. Ahsc, AXv PnlmZm-sWv ]dv t{]cn-n-p AAvdm^v: 176
]d a\p-jy--n-I-sf-bmWv bYm-n sImm Am-lp-hns {Kw Iev]nnp-Xv (A-n-km-Av: 91 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). \mSn\p-th-nbpw kap-Zm-b-n-\p-thn-bpw, hwi-n-\p-th-nbpw sIme-\-S-p--h hnizm-kn-I-f-Xs, Ah ]nim-Nns
kwL-m-cm-Wv. Cukm\_n- h-m Ah-sc-bmWv h[n-pI. Ckvem-an hnizm-kn-IfpsS sFIyw (Ben-Cw-dm: 103), a\p-jy-cpsS sFIyw (A-n-km-Av: 1, lpPpdmv: 13)
Fn-s\ cp-Xcw sFIyw -am-{Xta Amlp Iev]n-n-p-q. kmap-Zm-bnI sFIyw
PqX-kr-n-bm-Wv. AXv apkven-fn \S-n-em-p-Xv I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fm-Wv. Hmtcm-cpcpw ChnsS Fsmw {]hn-p-sav Amlp t\cs tcJ-s-Sp-n-bn-p-v.
B t_m[apsmv Ftmgpw "Amlpth, Fs \jv S - s - S p- t'Fv
lrZbwsImv kvacn-p-sIm-n-cn-p--h-cmWv hnizm-kn-I. _Jd: 2627,234, Ben-Cwdm: 119,191 An-km-Av: 15,49-50 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
An-km-Av (4)
95.
hnizm-kn-If
- n\nv bmsXmcp _pnappw kln-msX hon-en-cn-phcpw,
Am-lp-hns amKn X-fpsS k-p-sImpw ico-cw-sImpw
Pnlm-Zp-sN-p--hcpw ka-am-hp-I-bn-. Am-lp-hns amKn XfpsS
k-p-sImpw ico-cw-sImpw Pnlm-Zp-sN-p--hsc shdpsXbncn-p-ht- c-m Hcp-]Z-hn-bn t{ijvTc
- m-n-bn-cn-p-p. Fm-hpw Amlp
\- hm-KvZm\w sNbvXn-p-s-n-epw, apPm-ln-Zp-Iv shdp-sX-bn-cn-p-h-t\-m hf-sc -a-l-mb {]Xn-^-ehpw ]Z-hn-bp-ap-v.
96.
Ah-\n\np ]Z-hn-Ifpw ]m]-tam-N-\hpw Imcp-Wy-hpw. Amlp Gsd

s]mdp-p Imcp-Wy-hm-\patm.
445
hniz-mkn-I Fm-hcpw Hcp-t]m-se-b-. Am-lp-hns amKn {]hnp hnizm-kn-Iv hon shdp-sX-bn-cn-p hnizm-kn-I-tf-m ]Z-hn-I IqSp-Xep-v. Cv bp-an-, Jp-B\ns Bibw ]Tn-p-I-bpw, ]Tn-n-p-I-bp-amWv Pnlm-Zv.
Atm Jp-B\ns Bibw ]Tn-m-\pw, ]Tn-n-m\pw thn ]Whpw kpw
Fm A\p-{K-l-fpw D]-tbm-Kn-p--hv, AsXmpw sNmsX Pohn-p hnizmknI-tf-m Am-lp-hn-s-bSp- A[n-I-cn m\-am-\-fpw ]Z-hn-I-fp-ap-v. \_n
(k) ]Tn-n--Xns s]mcpfpw AXp-X-s-bm-Wv. \n-fntehpw D-a JpB\ns
Bibw ]Tn-p-I-bpw, ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNp--h-cm-Wv. Jp-B\ns Bibw ]Tn-p]n]n Pohn-m am{Xw t]mcm, AXv a-p--hv Fn-p-sIm-Sp-m-\p amK-n
kabhpw ]Whpw sNe-h-gn-p-Ibpw thWsaw. (amCZ: 67, ^pJm: 52 Iqn-hmbn-p-I). "PnlmZv \Sp-h' F-t]-cn-e-dn-b-s-Sp kwL-S-\-Ifns] Nnecpv.
Ah _Jd: 126 A\p-kcnv apivcnp-Ifpw ]nim-Nns kwL-n s]-h-cp-am-Wv.
Ahv "apPm-lnZv'(XymK-]-cn-{iaw sNp--h) FXn-t\-m IqSp-X tbmPn-Xv
"apPm-CZv' (Xn-p--h) F \maam-Wv. AI-_qv: 47 Ah-km-\n-p--Xv, \psS
kq--tfmSv Im^n-dp-I-f-msX hntcm-[w-shv Xn-p-I-bn F Bi-b-nepw,
49 Ah-km-\n-p--Xv, \psS kq--tfmSv A{I-an-I-f-msX hntcm[wshv Xn-pIbn F Bi-b-n-ep-am-Wv. _J-d: 25,38,218 t\mp-I.
97.
\n-ba
- m-bnpw kzw Bm-hn-t\mSpXs A{Iaw {]hnhtcm, AhcpsS dqlv ]nSn-s-Sp-p-tm ae-p-I tNmZn-pw: \n FhnsS FpsN-p-I-bm-bn-cpp? Ah adp-]Sn ]dbpw: `qan-bn R _e-lo\amcpw ASn--a-s--h-cp-am-bn-cpp. Atm ae-p-I tNmZn-pw:
Am-lp-hns `qan hnim-e-am-bn-cp-n-t, \nv kztZiw shSnp
Hfn-tm-Sn-tm-Im-am-bn-cp-n-t? Atm Aq--cqsS A`-b-m\w \c-I
K-am-Ip-pAsX{X Zpjn aS---ew!
98.
Fm ]pcp-jam-cn\np bYm \n-lm-bcpw kv{XoI-fpw IpnI-fp-sam-gnsI, Ah ]mem-b\w sNp--Xn-\p HcpamK-tam, D]m-btam

Is-m km[n-m--h-cmbXn-\m.
99.
Atm Aq-scsmv Amlp hnSp-Xn- sNbvtXmw. Amlp hnSp-
Jp- B - \ ns Bmhv
446
Xn-sN-p-- Gsd s]mdp-p--h- Xsb-tm.
Am-lp-hns amKn Pnlm-Zp-sN-p--Xn-\p-thn Cd-n-n-cn-m Ign-hpm-bnpw AXn\v Xm-dm-Im-h

- s
- c-bmWv C-hnsS kzw Bm-hn-t\m-Sv A-{Iaw {]hn-h-scv ]d-bp--Xv. AI-_qv: 56 Amlp ]d-bp-p: Hm hnizm-kn-I-fmb Fs
ASn-a-I-tf, \n F\n-p-thn am{Xw Pohn-p- Fs {]Xn-\n-[n-IfmsW-n
\nbw Fs `qan- AXn\v hnim-ea-- mWv. AYhm Am-lp-hn\pthn -am{Xw Pohn-m
`qan-bn Hcn-Sv km[n-p-n-s-n B \mSp-hnv AXn\v km[n-p \mn-tev
t]mI-W-sa-pw, hnizm-kn-Iv `qan-bn-se-hn-sSbpw \n-bn-- Ah-[n-hsc Xma-kn-msa-p-amWv ]d-bp--Xv. (AI-_qv: 56-60 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). AAvdm^v: 37, Am-lphns {K-n\nv HcphnlnXw Inn-bnv Am-lp-hnsta Iw-sI-n--ap ]dbp-(kq- hf-sm-Snv ]d-bp-)ht\-m As-n Ahs kq- Xn-dbp--h-t\-m henb A{I-an-bm-cm-Wp--Xv? Ahsc acn-n-m\p Am-lp-hns
ZqXam (a-e-p-I) Ah-cpsSbSp- hcnIbpw, \n Am-lphns\ IqSmsX hnfnp- {]mn--ncph- FhnsS FptNmZn-p-Ibpw sNpw. Atm- Ah adp-]Sn ]dbpw: Rsfsmv Ah-c-I-p-t]m-bn-cn-p-p, Ah kzw Bm-hn-s\-Xnsc \nbw
Ah, Jp-B\ns\ aqSn-sh-pI hgn Am-lp-hns\ \ntj-[n Im^nX-s-bm-bn-cpp
Fv kmywhln-p--Xp-am-sWv ]d-bp-p. kPZ: 22, X-fpsS DS-a-bpsS kq lrZ-b
- ns `mjbn DWn-bnv ]ns AXns\ Ah-KW
- n-h
- t- \-m Ghpw
henb B{I-an- B-cm-Wp--sXv tNmZn-p-p. PpapA: 5, Am-lp-hns kqsf Xn--d-bp, If-hm-p P\-XbpsS D]a F{X-\n-Ir-jvSw, Ccw A{I-anIfmb
HcpP\-Xsb Amlp kamKn-em-p-I-bnXs Fpw]d-bpp. (_Jd: 254,
Ben-Cw-dm: 193, An-km-Av: 75-77 t\m-p-I).
Am-lp-hns A[n-Im-cm- h-Im-i
- f
- n ]p-tNpI Ghpwhenb A{I-aa
- m-sWv
eqJv a m: 13 ]d- b p- p. (An- k m- A v : 48 hni- Z o- I - c Ww t\mp- I ). samw
a\pjyp amK-Zi\ {K-amb Jp-B hln-p apkvenv acn-p kabv R \yq\- ] - - a m- b n- c p- p, _e- l o- \ cpw ASn- - a - s - - h - c p- a m- b n- c pp
Fsmpw ]d-bm km[y-a-. Jp-B Inn-bnv hynPohn-X-nepw, IpSpw-_-Po-hnX-nepw kaq-l-Po-hn-X-nepw AXp-sImv hn[n-Iev]n-m--h Xs-bmWv Im^ndpw, fzmen-apw, ^mkn-Jp-sav bYm-{Iaw amCZ 44-45,47 kq-f
- n ]d-np-v. Fm
Cv apkven Cu {K-n-t\mSv ImWn-p Ah-K-W\ ImcWw Ah- temIsmbnSpw ASn--a-s--h-cpw, \ny-amcpw, kzbw Xcw-Xm-gv lo\am-cp-ambn
]nSn-h-n-bn-msX Pohn-p--hcpambn amdn-bXm-bn- Im-Wmw. B-en-Cw-dm: 10mw kqns hni-Zo-I-c-W-n \_n (k) ZoL-ho-Ww sNbvX-Xm-WnXv. Cv `qan-bn-sehn-sSbpw c-sm-cn-n, hKo-b-X, I--S-v, ]qgvn-sh-v, ab-p-a-cp-p-I--h-Sw,
]en-i, Icn--, Afhnepw Xq-nepw Ir{Xnaw ImWn-, {]Ir-Xnp hncp--ambn
kzhKkw-t`m-Kw, hy`nNmcw, If-hv, Ih, sIm XpSn Fm Xn-bnepw CX-c-kap-Zm-b-t-m Xmc-X-tay\ apn-em-W-h. sFIy-n-epw, \-bn-epw, Poh-Im-cp-Wy
{]h-\-fn-ep-samw ]nn-ep-am-Wv. Zp\n-bm-hnt\mSv Hn-n-Snv, Ghpw IqSp-X
[q-Snp Pohn-p Chsc D]-{Z-hn-mepw Cs-nepw amw-h-cm ]ntbmSmWv
AAvdm^v: 176 Amlp D]-an-n-p-Xv. bmsXmcp Nnbpw, Btem-N-\bpanmsX
An-km-Av (4)
447
Fp-Xs kw`-hn-mepw Jp-B\ntev aS-mhcmbn Ah A[:]Xn-n-cn-p-p.

ABw: 26-27 kq- Ch-cpsS Imcy-n _m[-I-am-bn-cn-p-p. (^pJm: 17-18,
27-30,34, lv: 72 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
Atm Aq-scsmv Amlp hnSp-Xn- sNpw Fp-]-d-bmsX sNbvtXmw
Fp-]-d--XpsImv kv{XoIpw Ipn-Ipw \nm-l-cmb ]pcp-j-mpsamw
s]mdp-p-sIm-Sp-psa, adnv \ntj-[-tmSpw A\o-Xn-tbmSpw shdp-p--hcpw {]Imi-am-Ip Jp-B-\ns ktiw \S-n-em-bn-m-Wm B{K-ln-p--h-cpw, AXn-\p-thn
{]mn-p-h
- c
- p-ambhv s]mdp-p-sIm-Sp-pamWv. AmsX \ntj-[t- mSpw A\o
Xn-tbmSpw a\m cmPn-bm-Iphv s]mdp-psImSpp-I-bn Fw. _Jd: 85,
Ben-Cw-dm: 79,110-112 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
100. Bsc-nepw Am-lp-hns amK-n Hfn-tm-SpI-bm-sW-n, `qan-bn-
Ah [mcmfw A`-b-m-\-fpw, Pohn-X-hn-`-h-fpw Isp-Xm-Wv.
Bsc-nepw Ahs hon\nv Am-lp-hn-tepw, Ahs ZqX-\n-tepw
Hfn-tm-Sp-h\
- mbn ]pd-s-SpIbpw hgn-p-shv ac-Ws
- -Sp-Ibpw sNbvXm,
Atm Ahs {]Xn-êw Am-lp-hn- Dd-p-I-gn-p. Amlp Gsd
s]mdp-p Imcp-Wy-hm-\patm.
\nbw {]h-\- Dt-iy (\n--v) -a\p-k-cn-mWv. Fm Hmtcm-cp-pw
Ahcpt-in--Xp-v. Atm BcmtWm Am-lp-hn-tepw, Ahs ZqX-\n-tepw
lnPvd ]pd-s--Xv, Atm Ahs lnPvd (H-fn-tm-w) Am-lp-hn-te-pw dkq-en-te-pam-Wv. BcmtWm ùXn-I-Po-hn-X-ns t\--fp-t-in-v, As-n Xm kvt\ln
kv{Xosb hnhmlw Ign-m Dt-in-v ]p-d-sXv Ah-Xpap-v Fv \_n (k) ]Tnn-np-v. ]qn-I-k-ap-Zm-b-n sXmq-n-sbm-Xv sIm-e-]m-XIw sNbvX Hcm Hcp
"B_n-Zn'-t\mSv F\nv Xu_-bp-tm-sbv tNmZnp. Csv ]d Ah-s\bpw
sImv \qdp -Xn-I-p. ]ns Hcp "-Benan'-t\mSv F\n-v Xu_-bp-tm-sbv tNmZn-p,
Ah ss_p apJ--knt]m-Imthn ]d-p. DSs\ ]pd-s Atlns
dqlns\ ]nS-ns-Sp-m ae-p-I hp, Imcp-Wy-ns ae-p-I-fpw, in-bpsS aep-Ifpw Xn X-n-em-bn, Amlp Zqc-a-f-m \nt-in-p. Atm Hcp-Nm
Dt-in---e-tv A[n-I-sa-n-bn-cn-p--Xn-\m dlva-ns ae-p-I At-lns dqlv ]nSn-s-Sp-p Fv \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-.v
APva:v 39 a\p-jy\v Ah-\p-t-inv {]hn-X
-
- m-sX-bn Fp]d-n-p-,v AYhm
lrZ--bntemWv Amlp t\mp-X
- ,v lrZ-b
- n-en-m Jp-B
- ]mcm-bW
- tam, \a-kI
v mctam {]Xn-êmlasv am{X-a inn-s
- -Sp-Ibpw sNpw. \_n (k) ]Tn-n-Xpw HmpI,
Bi-ba- d- n-bmsX Jp-B
- ]mcm-bWw sNbvXm AXp-hgn hnn\nv Ap-sX-dn-p thKn Zo\n\nv sXdn-p-t]m-Ip-X
- m-W.v \n Jp-Bt- \m-Xp-I, lrZ-bhpw Hmpw Xn
_-s-Sp-tm (C-W-p-tm), Ah-cpw `nn-m ]mcm-bWw \nn Fgptpt]mhpI. GsXmcp {]hrnbpw kI-amn amm\pw kzoI-cn--s-Sm\pw
Jp-B-\ns Bibw \n_-am-Wv (AAvdm^v: 40-41, ^mXzn: 10 t\mp-I).
448
Jp- B - \ ns Bmhv
am hnP-b-n-\p-tijw lnPvd-bn Fv \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. hnizm-knIfpsS \mtSm kwL-tam CnmXn-\m kwLSn-X-amb lnPvdbpw Cn-. AI_qv: 56 Amlp ]d-bp-p: Hm hnizm-kn-I-fmb Fs ASn-a-I-tf, \n F\n-pthn am{Xw Pohn-p- Fs {]Xn-\n-[n-IfmsW-n \nbw Fs `qan- AXn\v
hnim-ea-- mWv (Hfn-tm-Sn-tm-Im-\
- , hnizm-kn-bmbn Pohn-m `qan hnim-ea
- mWv Fw).
apkvenw cm{--fnX-s-bp hnizm-kn-Itfm-Sv, hnizm-kn-I-fpsS kwLhpw Cam-apanm Ah-bn Imnt]mbn GsX-nepw ac-ns thcv ISn-p-]n-Snv ac-Ww-hsc
\ne-sIm-m\mWv lpssZ-^-p bam-\n-bpsS tNmZy-v adp-]Sn \In-smv
apl-Zv \_n ]Tnnn-p--Xv. Fgppw hmb-\bpw Adn-bp hnizm-kn-tbmSv JpB\ns Bibw AW--p-]-tbm-Knv ISn-p-]n-Sn-n-cn-Wsapw"l-p hnZmC'shvXs \_n ]Tn-n-n-pv. hnizm-kn-bmbn Pohn-p-Xn\v Cy `c-W-L-S\-b-\p-k-cnv bmsXmcp XS--hp-an-. bYm hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv ssl-htcm ss{IkvX
htcm hntcm-[w-sh-p-p-an-. Jp-B-\ns bYm Bibw ]d-bp--h-tcmSpw AXv
]n]n Pohn-p--h-tcmSpw i{XpX ]pep-Xv I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw Ip^v^mdpIfp
aSnb apkvenw P\X am{X-am-Wv. ^mnl: 2, _Jd: 152,186,218, An-km-Av: 75 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
101. \n `qan-bn k-cn--pI-bm-sW-n \a-kvIm-c-fn\nv Npcpp
Xn \nv hntcm-[-an-kXy-\n-tj-[n-Ifn\np \miw `b-sSp Ah--bn (hnti-jn-pw). \nbw, kXy-\n-tj-[n-I \nfpsS
hyamb i{Xp Xs-bm-bn-cn-pphtm.
bm{X-bn-em-bn-cn-p-tm \a-kvImcw \mev dI-A
- p--Xv cp- d-IA
-
- mbn Npcpn
\n-ln-m aXn-sb-mWv ]d-bp--Xv. Jp-B Inn-bnv aqSn-sh-p- -Im^n-dp-I
Fpw hnizm-kn-I-fpsS i{Xp--fm-Wv. hnizm-kn-ItfmSv am{Xta \a-kvImcw Iev]n-n-pq. hnizm-kn-Ifm--, t\mpw \a-kvImchpw sImp-\-S-p apkven-v, ]ngbm-bn e`nm t]mIp \c-I-Ip-WvTssmv Rsf \o ]nn-cnn-W-sa-mWv
]c-aI
- m-cp-Wn-Is C-Zm-kam {]mn-p-Is
- bv ^pJm: 65 ]d-n-p-v. bm{Xbn \a-kvI-cn-m \np-tm bm{X-p hml\w IS-pt]m-hp-I, km[-\-
If-hp-t]mhpI XpS-nb kml-Nc
- y- hcm-sa-X
- psImv \a-kvImcw Npcp-m-hp-XmWv
Fv Cu kqw ]Tn-n-p-p. _Jd: 239mw kqw ]cn-K-WnpsImv bm{X-bn
Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-b-n kvacn-psImncn-p-Ibpw icocwsImp \akvImcw
\on-sh-pIbpw sNm-hp--Xm-Wv. _Jd: 239 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
102. ({]hm-N-Im), \o Ah-cn-epm-bn-cn-p-Ibpw, (bp-th-f-bn) \o Ahpthn \a-kvIm-c-n\v Cam-ambn \np-Ibpw sNp-I-bm-sW-n,
Bbp[[mcn-IfmbnsImv Ah-cn-semcphn`mKw \ntm-sSmw \ns.
Atm-f-h kpPq-Zp-sN-bvXm ]ndtImv amdn-\np-Ibpw, \a-kvI-cn-n-nm at hn`mKwhv \ntmsSmw \a-kvI-cn-pIbpw sN-s. Ahcpw
Pm{K-Xbpff-hcpw Bbp-[[mcn-I-fp-am-bn-cn--Ww. Fs-m \n \nfpsS Bbp-[--fnepw hn`-h--fnepw A-samv A{i--cm-bm, \nfpsSta H-smbn NmSn-hogphm Xw ]mn-cn-p--h-cmWv kXy-
An-km-Av (4)
449
\n-tj[n-I. ag-aqew As-n tcmKnIfmbn _pn-ap-ptm \n

\n-fpsS Bbp-[ Xmsg-sh-p--Xn hntcm-[-an-, Fm Atmgpw
\n Pm{K-XssIsm-p--h-cm-I-Ww. \nbw, kXy-\n-tj-[n-Iv
Amlp \ny-ambin- Hcp-n-sh-n-cn-pp.
Apwhnpw hmfp-samw Bbp-[--fmbn D]tbmKnp-sIm-v, t\pt\sc-bp
bpmh-bn \a-kvI-cn-t coXn-bmWv Amlp ]Tn-n-p--Xv. Fm- Cv
hnizm-kn-Ifpw \ntj-[n-I-fp-w Xn-ep bp-an-m--Xn-\mepw, Bbp-[--fmbn tXmv,
t_mw_v XpSnbh D]-tbm-Kn-p--Xn-\mepw Cu coXn Ah-ew-_-\o-b-a-. Fm
kqw Fm-Im-e-tpw _m[-I-am-bXpsImv hniz-mkn-I Ppap-A-tbm s]cp-m
\a-kvIm-ctam apkvenw P\-X-bn\nv th-dnp\S-p-tm, Im^n-dpw fzmenapw ^mknJp-amb (am-CZ: 44-47) apkven AXns\ FXnp-tm Cu coXn ]np-S-cm-hp--Xm
Wv. bp-th-f-bn-ep \a-kvIm-c-n Caman\v cp dI-Apw, ]np-S-cp--hv
Hmtcm -hn-`m-K-n\pw Hcp dI-A-v ho-X-hp-amWv e`n-p-I. Hcp hn`mKw i{Xp-sXnsc Imh \np-tm adp-hn-`mKw \a-kvI-cn-p-p. Ah kpPqZp sNbvXp-I-gnm kemw hom-sX-s ]nd-tIm-p-t]mbn Imh \np-Ibpw \a-kvI-cn-m
at-hn-`mKw Cam-ans\ XpSv \a-kvImcw ]qn-bm-p-Ibpw sNp-p. \a-kvI-cn-p-h
- Bbp-[[
- m-cn-Ifpw i{X-p-fpsS A{I-aW
-
- n Pm{K-X- ]m-en-p-h
- c
- p-am-bn-cn-Ww.
103. Atm \n \a-kvImcn\nv hnc-anm, \n-fpsS \npI-fnepw
Ccp-p-Ifn-epw InSpIfnepw Fm-bvtmgpw Am-lp-hns\ kvacn-p-hn.
\n `bw-\on kam-[m\-mh--bn-em-bm \a-kvImcw ]q- cq]-n
Xs \n-ln-p-Ibpw sNp-I. \nbw, \a-kvImcw hnizm-kn-If
- psSta
kabw \n-bn--s- Hcp _m[yX- Xsbm-Ip-p.
\a-kvImcw Am-lp-hns\ kvacn-p--Xn-\pth-n-bm-Wv Fv Xzml: 14 ]dnp-v. AI-_qv: 45, \nbw kzoI-cn--s-Sp \a-kvImcw \oNhpw \ny-hp-amb
{]hn-I-sf-smv XS-bp-sapw, Ghpw {][m\w Am-lp-hns kvacW AYhm
Jp-B\ns Bi-b-am-sWpw ]d-n-p-v. ap\m-^n-Jq: 9, hnizm-kn-Itf, \nfpsS k-tm km-\-tfm Jp-B\ns Bi-b-s-smv \nsf XS-bm-\n-Sh
-- -ccp-sXpw, As\ Bsc-nepw {]hn-m Aq- Xs-bmWv PohnXw \jv-S-s-h-scpw ]d-n-p-v. Am-lp-hns\ ad Hc-h hnizm-kn-Ipm-Im ]mSn, Am-lp-hns\ ad-m Ah kzs ad I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fm-sWv liv: 19
]d-n-p-v. Cu I]-S-hn-izm-kn-IfpsS \a-kvIm-c-n "Am-lv' F kvacWbn-mXv ImcWw Ah-cpsS \a-kvImchpw Zm\-[-fpsampw kzoI-cn--s-Sp-I-bn-spw, Ah-cp-sS-ta Am-lp-hns im]-hpw tIm]-hp-ap-spw Ah \c-I-n ncamb in klnv imiz-Xcmbn Ign-p-Iq-tS--h-cm-sWpw An-km-Av: 142-143, Xu_:
54-55,67-68 kq--fn ]d-n-p-v. hnizm-kn-I Fm-bvtmgpw Bmhp-sIm-p
\a-kvIm-c-n-emWv. kam-[m-\-mh--bn ico-cw-IqSn ]s-SppsImp "Xpa-Av\o\tm'-Sp-IqSnb "hpkvzm' \a-kvImcw \ne-\np-h
- c
- p-am-Wh. hnizm-kn-It- fmSv am{Xta
\akvImcw Iev]n-n-p-q-shpw Cu kqw ]Tn-n-p-p. hnizm-kn-If-m--h \akvI-cn-m Jp-B Bi-b-a-dn-bmsX HmXp-I-hgn hnn\nv Ap-sX-dn-p thK-
450
Jp- B - \ ns Bmhv
n Zo\n\nv AI-p-t]m-Ip--XpamWv. sIm-\w ImWn-p Acw \akvIm-c-mv \c-I-nse "ssh' F sNcphv in-bmbn e`n-p--Xp-amWv (amDu:
45). icocw kmywhln-p-Ib
- pw, Bmhv kmyw hln-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNbvXpsImp GXp {- ]-hrn sNbvXmepw Ay-Zn-\
- neh-cpsS sXmen-If
- pw tIhn-bpw ImgvNbpsamw Ahs-Xncmbnv kmywhln-p-sav ^pn-ev: 19-24 ap-dn-bnv \Inbn-p-v (Ckvdm-Av: 36 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 24,121,186,238--- -- 239, Ben-Cw-dm: 190-191,
An-km-Av: 43 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
104. B P\-s-tX-Sn-n-Sn-p--Xn \n Zu_eyw ImWn--cp-Xv. \n
_pn-ap--\p-`-hn-p-p-s-n \n-sf-tm-se- A-hcpw _pn-ap--\p-`-hn-pp--tm. Fm \n, Am-lp-hn\nv Ah {]Xo-n-m-Xv
{]Xo-n-p--h-cp-am-Wv. AmlphmIs Fm-a-dn-bp k-m-\nbpw
X{-\mb bpn-m-\n-bp-atm.
bp-n\v ]pd-s-Sp--Xn\v Ae-k-Xbpw aSnbpw ImWn--cp-sX-pw, _pn-ap-pIfpw
ti--fp-samw cp-Iq-cpw A\p-`-hn-p-p-s-pw, hnizm-kn-I c-km-nw
hgn kzKw B{K-ln-p--h-cm-sW-pw Cu kqw ]Tn-n-p-p. Fm \ntj-[n-I
ùXn-I-Po-hnXw am{X-w eyw-sh-p--h-cpw, ac-W-`-b-ap--h-cp-am-bn-cn-pw. (Ben-Cwdm:
146 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). Cv bptam h[tam Cm--Xp-sImv Jp-B\ns
Bibw P\-v a\-n-em-Ip `mj-bn ]d-p-sIm-Sp-p--Xn\p `b-tam aSn-tbm
Ae-k-Xtbm ]niptm Hp-an-msX apn-n-d--W-sa-mWv Cu kqw ]Tn-n-p-
Xv. ey-t_m-[ap hnizm-kn-I ey-t_m-[-an-m \ntj-[n-Isf t]mse-bm-h-cp
Xv. hnizm-kn-I Am-lp-hn-\p-thn Pohn-p--h-cpw, Ah-s hn[n-hn-e-p-I \S-nem-p--h-cp-am-bn-cn-pw. Am-lp-hns\bpw Ahs dkq-en-s\bpw Ahs krn-Iv
]cn-Nb
- s
- -Sp-n-sm-Sp-p ZuXyw hnizm-kn-If
- p-tS-Xm-Wv. Jp-B aqSn-sh-p \ntj[n-Isf A\p-k-cn--cp-sX-pw, Ah-tcmSv A[n-I-cn PnlmZv sN-W-sapw ^pJm:
52 Iev]nnp-v. (Xu_: 73, Alvcow: 9 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).^mnl: 4, _Jd: 21
Ben-Cw-dm: 139142, hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
105. \nbw, \mw \ns-ta {Kw Cd-n-bn-p--Xv ey-tm-Sp-Iq-SnbmWv.
B {Kap]-tbm-Knv P\-n-S-bn Amlp Dt-in--{]-Imcw \o Xocpam\w Iev]n-tXnmIp-p. \o Hcn-epw h-Iamp--thn hmZnp--h-\p-am-I-cp-Xv.
ey-tm-Sp-IqSn-bmWv {Kw Cd-n-b-sXp ]d-m, {K-a-\p-k-cn-mWv \o
\ne-sImtsXpw, {Kw kan-p Am-lp-hn-tev {Kw-sImv P\-sf
Wn-W-sapw {Kw Fn-p-sIm-Sp-t _m[yX \o \n-ln-Wsa-p-am-Wv.
]c-tem-Ipw hnNm-c-W-\-S-pXv lJmb Jp-BsIm-m-sWv kpa: 69 ]dn-p-v. (bq\pkv: 108 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). lJpw Xpem-kp-amb {Kw Am-lp-hm-Wn-dn-bn-p--sXv Aqd: 17 ]d-n-pv. Atm Fm-Im-cy-fpw Chn-sS-Xq-nt\m-t-Xv Jp-B\ns Bi-bw- sIm-m-Wv. hn[n-Zn-hkw lJn-\mWv Xq-ap-mhpI-sbv AAvdm^v: 89 ]d-n-p-v. Jp-B-\n-s-n {]hrn-I-sfmw \-sSpsa- pw, Xpem- k n Xq- a pm- h p- I bn- s pw Ilv ^ v : 103105 ]d- n- p- v .
An-km-Av (4)
451
apkvenn-S-bn- am{X-a, a\p-jyn-S-bnXs {kmhmb Amlp Dt-in--X\p-k-cnmWv ({]hm-N-Is C-a-\p-k-cn-) {KwsImv hn[n-Iev]n-tXv. _Jd:
146148,213,272, Ben-Cw-dm: 128-129, An-km-Av: 7879 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
106. \o Am-lp-hn-t\mSv s]mdp--ens\ tXSp-I. \nbw Amlp Gsd s]mdp-p- Imcp-Wy-hm\p-a-tm.
107. B-h
- I
- c
- mb Bfp-Ip-thn \o hmZn-c
- p-Xv. \nbw, sImSpwh
I\pw alm-]m-]n-bp-amb Hcm-sfbpw Amlp C-s-Sp-I-bn-.
108. P\--fn\nv Hfn-p-sh-m km[n-p sNbvXn-I Am-lp-hn
\nsm-fn-p-sh-m-\h
- v km[y-a
- . Am-lpthm, Ah cm{Xn-Im-e
- fn
Ahs {]oXn-v hn-cp--ambn KqVm-tem-N\ \S-p-tmgpw Ah-tcm-sSm-ap-v. Amlp Ah-cpsS {]h-\--sfmw hebwsNbv-X-h- Xs-bmIp-p.
lZoZv: 4, Ah \n-tfm-sSm--ap-v, \n Fhn-sS-bm-sW-n-epw F-pw, apPmZne: 7, aqm-fp-IIqSn cl-ky-kw-kmcw \S-p-n-, \mem-a-\mbn Am-lp-Iq-sS-bpm-bn--m-sX, Am-fp-IIqSn cl-ky-kw-kmcw \S-p-n-, Bdm-a-\mbn Amlp
IqsS-bp-m-bn--m-sX. AXn-tesdtbm Ipdthm Bfp-IIqSn Fhn-sS-shp cl-ky-kwkmcw \S-p-tmgpw, Ah Ah-tcm-sSm--apm-bnmsX \Sp-n-, ]ns Fmw
]Xn-bn-cpv hon-p Amlp AyZn-\-n Ah-tcmSv hnhcw ]d-p-sIm-Sp-psapw ]d-n-p-v. (apPm-Zne: 810 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Fmw hebw sNbvX-h-\m-sWv
]d-m,Hmtcm hyn-sb-p-dn-pap Imcy- am{X-a, BIm-i-`q-an-In-S-bn-ep
FmImcy-fpw, t\cs Xocp-am-\n-p-d-npshn-p-v Fm-Wm-i-bw. _Jd: 6,16,234,
109. lm \n, Cq-Xs sFln-I-tem-Iv Ahp-thn (Acw
h-Iampthn) hmZn-p-p. Atm Ay-Zn-\-n Bcm-Whp-thn Am-lp-hnt\mSv hmZn-p-I, AXs-n Bcm-W-h-cpsS
Imcytas-Sp-p-I.
Bpw asm-cmp-thn HpwsNm ]m-- Zn-\-amWv Ay-\m. (ABw:
164, Ckvdm-Av: 15, kpa: 7, ^mXzn: 18, APvav: 38-42 t\mp-I). Fm-hcpw Hsm-sm- mbn Am- l p- h ns apn 15 hb- n\ptij- a p Pohn- X - ns Hmtcm\nanjspdnpw Dcw ]d-tb--Xp-v. (BBw: 94, Ilv^v: 48, adnbw: 95 Iqn-hm-bn-p
I). Av Ah-c-h-cpsS sXmen-Ifpw tIhn-Ifpw ImgvN-Ifpw ssIIm-ep-I-fpw, Ah-b-h-fpsamw Ahs-Xnsc Am-lp-hns apn kmywhln-p--XmWv. (^pnev: 19-24, Aq: 24, bmko: 65, knkne: 4 t\mp-I). Rm \np-thn
hmZn-p-- ho-sem-p-a Fp-]-d-bm ABw 66 \_n-tbmSv Bh-iy-s-npv.
kpa: 41 ]d-bp-p: \nbw \mw \nsta Cu {K-an-d-n-bXv a\p-jyp-thn
ey-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. Atm Bsc-nepw AXp-]-tbm-Knv kamKw- kzo-I-cnm
AXns KpWw Ah\v Xs-bm-Wv (Bmhn\v Xs-bm-Wv). Bsc-nepw AXn\nv
452
Jp- B - \ ns Bmhv
hyXn-N-en-m AXns tZmjhpw Ahv X-s-bm-Wv. \o Ah-pthn hmZnp

ho-sem-p-a-. 62 AmlphmWv FmhkvXp-fp-sSbpw {km-shpw, Fm-hkvXp--fp-sSbpw ssIIm-cy-Im-hmb ho-sepw ]d-bp-p. Am-lp-hns\ hoembn kzoI-cn-pI hniz-mkn-I-fm-Wv. Am-lp-hns krn-Isf ho-embn kzoI-cn-p-h \ntj-[n-I-fpw, ]nim-Nns\ ho-embn kzoI-cn---h-cp-am-Wv. ]nim-Nm-Is B
D-c-hm-Zn--n\nv Hgnpam-dp--Xpw, \o \ns-Xs Ip-s-Sp-p-I-sbv ]dbp--Xp-amb cwKw C_vdmlow: 22, kpKvdp^v: 36-38, Jm^v: 27-29 kq-fn ap-dn-bnv
\Inbn-p-v. _Jd: 281, Ben-Cw-dm: 30,122 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
110. Bsc-nepw Hcp Xn -{]hn-pI-bpw, As-n kz-tmSv Xs
AXn-{Iaw ImWn-p-I-bpw, ]ns s]mdp--ens\ tXSp-I-bp-am-sW-n,
Amlphns\ Gsd s]mdp-p--h\pw Imcp-Wy-a-cp-fp--h-\p-ambn Ah
I-sp-XmWv.
(kpa: 5355 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). AnkmAv:17-18, 31,48 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
111. Bsc-nepw Hcp -Ipw km-Zn-p-I-bm-sW-n, Atm \nbw, AXv
km- Z n- Xv Ah- \ p- t hn (B- - m - h n- \ p- t h- n) s- b m- W v.
AmlphmIs Fm-a-dn-bp bpn-m-\n- Xsb-tm.
Cu kqhpw kzKhpw \c-Ihpw sXsc-s-Sp-p-Xv Ah-c-h Xs-bm-sWv
]Tn-n-p-p. (BBw: 104, Ckvdm-Av: 13-15, ^mXzn: 18 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 286
112. Bsc-nepw Hcp sXtm As-n Iptam km-Zn-p-I-bp-w, ]noSp Hcp\n-c-]-cm-[n-bp-sS-ta AXv B-tcm-]n-p-I-bpw sNp--]w, Atm
\nb-a-h hn- -A-]-hm-Zhpw (I-m-tcm-]-W-hpw) sXfn-- Ip--hp-w
Npa-p-I-gn-p.
hnizm-kn-I-fpsSta A]-hmZw ]d-b hIp---fn s]-Xm-sWv \_n (k)
]Tn-n-n-cn-p-p. Aq: 11-13 kq--fn, Bbni (d), kz^vhm (d) Fn-h-sc-pdnv ap\m-^n-Jp-I A]-hmZw ]d-p-]-c-n-b-Xns\ ]cm-ain-p-I-bpw, 16, CXv hn A]-hm-Z-amWv, Amlpth \osb{X ]cn-ip-, hnizm-kn-Ifmb \apncw hmpI ]d-bm ]mSnsv B hm-tI--tm Fp-sImv \n ]d-n-? Fv
tNmZn-p-Ibpw, 17, \n hnizm-kn-I-fm-sW-n Ccw {]h-\- taensemcnepw Bhn--cp-sXv D]-tZ-in-p-Ibpw sNbvXnp-v. _Jd: 80-81 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
113. {]hm-NI
- m, Am-lp-hns HuZm-cyhpw Imcp-Wyhpw \nsta Dmbncpns-n Ah-cn-sem-cp- hn-`mKw \ns hgn-]n-g-n-m Xocp-am-\n-pI Xs
sNbvX-Xm-bn-cpp. Fm- A-h -A-hscs-b-msX am-scbpw hgn]n-g-n-p-p-m-bn-cp-n-. \n\v Hcp D]{Zhhpw hcp-m Ahv
km-[n-p-I-bn-. \ns-ta Amlp thZhpw XXz-m-\hpw (hn-i-Zo-I-c
An-km-Av (4)
453
Ww) Ah-X-cn-n-n--p-tm, \n\v Adn-hnm ]eXpw ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw

sNbvXn-cn-p-p-h-tm. \nstaep Am-lp-hns HuZmcyw -a-l-mbXv
Xs-bm-Wv.
(Ben-Cw-dm: 164 hniZo-I-cWw t\mp-I). Ckvdm-Av: 73-75 kq-fn, Ahv
km[nncp-s-n \mw \n\v Znhy-k-t-i-ambn \Inb Jp-B-\n A-c-
Iqp-Itbm IpdpItbm sNm Bh-iy-spsImv \psSta Cm-Xv sIn-
av \ns \mi-n AI-s-Sp-m {ian-pIXs- sN-pambn-cpp Fp]d-n-pv. As\ \o sNbvXn-cp-s-n Ah \ns B-an-{X-ambn sXsc-sSppIbpw
sNp-am-bn-cp-p. A-s\-bmbn-cp-s-n Cl-nepw ]c-nepw Cc-n-in- \mw
\ns cpNn-n-pIbpw sNpw. ]ns \p-sS-ta \o Hcpklmbnsbbpw Is-pI-bp-anXs Fp]d-npv. (bq\pkv: 15-16 Iqn-hm-bnp-I). _Jd: 1415,105,109,
Ben-Cw-dm: 186 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI. An-km-Av: 105 apX 113 hsc-bp kq- aZo-\-bn \_n-bpsS Imev
\S Hcp kw`-h-n-t\m-S-\p-_nv Ah-X-cn-n-p--Xm-Wv. "_\q-k-^' F tKm{Xns] "XAvap-_v\p Dss_-cnJv' Fbm Hcp Akm-cn-bpsS ]S-bn tamnp,
ImWm-Xmb An-sb-n DS-a- At\z-jn-m XpS-n-b-tm XAvav AXv Hcpb-lq-ZnbpsS ] kqn-m sImSpp. An-bp-Sa \_n (k) apmsI tIkv t_m[n-n-p-Ibpw XAvans\ kwi-bn-p--Xmbn DWp-Ibpw sNbvXp. XAvav kzIpSp-_-msc kao-]nv KqVm-tem-N\ \Sn Ipw blq-Zn-bp-sS-ta Btcm-]n-m Xocpam-\np-. hnNm-cW \S-n-b-tm blqZn hmkvXhw shfn-s-Sp-p-Ibpw Xs \nc-]cm-[nw Adn-bn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Fm XAvapw IpSpw-_-mcpw in-bmbn
]w-]n-Snp hmZn-p-I-bm-Wp-m-b-Xv. Cht\m Hcp blq-Zn, kXy-sbpw Am-lphns
ZqX-s\bpw \ntj-[n-p Chs hmZw Hcn-epw hniz-k-\o-b-a-, hnizm-kn-I-fmb RfpsS hmZ-amWv AwKo-I-cn-t--sX--h hmZn-p. {]Xy--n blq-Znsb kwi-bnm\pw XAv-a-n\pw IqSpw_n\pw A\p-Iq-e-ambn hn[n-Iev]n-m\pw CS-bmpam-bn
cp Cu kml-N-cy-n-emWv Amlp 105 apX 113 hsc-bp kq- Ah-X-cn-np--Xv. As\ \_n (k) Am-lp-hns \nt-i-{]-Imcw blq-Zn--\p-Iq-e-ambn
hn[n-Iev]np-Ibpw blq-Znsb kwi-bn-m-\n-S-bm-b- kml-N-cy-s-smv Am-lp-hnt\mSp s]mdp--ens\ tXSp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Cu kw`-h-n\npw Inp]mTw hnizmkn-I Am-lp-hns {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fm-bncns kzm-X-, kzP-\]--]m-X-w, hKo-b-XFo ZpKp-Wsfmpan-msX \njvI-fcmbn-cn--W-sa-m-Wv. Am-lp-hns Xr]vXnbn ap--hsc Xr]vXn-s-Sp-Xp-h-scbpw, Am-lp-hns tIm]-n ap--h-tcmSv
tIm]n-p-Xp-h-scbpw Am-lp-hns Xr]vXn-bn \Ip-Xp-h-scbpw Am-lp-hns
AXr-]vXn-bn \Im-Xn-cn-p-Xp-h-scbpw Hcmfpw hnizm-kn-bm-hp-I-bn- Fv \_n
(k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. (An-km-Av: 135, amCZ: 8, Xu_: 84,113, A-Km-_p: 16, apPm-Zne:
22, liv: 9 Iqn-hm-bn-pI).
Fm- Cv Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n \n-I-p-t]mbXv ImcWw, \a-kvIcnpIbpw t\m-\p-jvTn-pIbpw sNp kap-Zm-b-mp-am{Xw kIm-pw kZJbpw
sImSpphcpw, kzkap-Zm-b-mcpsS am{Xw A\m-Y-I-sf-bpw AK-Xn-I-sfbpw kwc-npIbpw sNbvXv hn`m-Ko-bX ]pep--h-cpw kmap-Zm-bn-IXzw kzoI-cn-p--h-cpambn
454
Jp- B - \ ns Bmhv
temI-s-hn-sSbpap apkven A[:]Xn-n-cn-pIbm-Wv. PpapA: 5, Igp-X-tbmSpw

PqX-tcm-Spw, AAvdm^v: 176, D]-{Z-hn-mepw Cs-nepw amwhcm \mb-tbmSpw D]an-n-p Cu A{I-an-I-fmb P\-X-s-Xnsc ^pJm: 30 A\pk-cnv \msf {]hm-N-I
Jp-B\pw sImp-hv "Fs \mYm, Fs Cu P\X Jp-B\ns\ Ah-KW
- n-XmWtm
Chph ZpK-Xn-'Fv A\ymbw t_m[n-n-p-sap ]d-n-cn-p-p. Jp-B\ns
Bi-bs Ah-K-Wn-, \_n-bpw hnizmknIfpw \in-p-Im-Wm B{K-ln Cu P\Xsb ^pJm: 18-epw, ^Xvlv: 12epw HcpsI kap-Zm-b-ambmWv Nn{Xo-I-cn-n-p--Xv.
Jp-B\ns\ Ah-K-Wn Im^ndpIfpw fzmen-ap-I-fpw ^mknJpIfpw ap\m-^n-Jp-I-fp-amb
(am-CZ: 44-45,47) apkven-fpsS kz`mhw aZo-\-bn-epmbn-cp B I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS
kz`mhw Xs-bm-sWv Jp-B\ns shfn--n t\mn-bm a\-n-em-hp--Xm-Wv.
Ah am{Xw Am-lp-hns krjvSn-I-fpw Jp-B\ns Bfp-I-fpw, ap--h-scms thsd
GtXm- Hcp {km-hns krn-I-fp-am-sW [mc-W-bphcpw, bYm-n\v hncp-ambn, Im^ndpw fzmenapw ^mknJpsamw ap-h
- c
- msWv hn[n-sb-gpXp-h
- c
- pamWv Ah.
(B-en-Cw-dm: 138 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). Jp-B\ns Bi--bnem-Wv Fm-hn-h-cfpw AS-n-bn-p--sX-pw, Am-lp-hns Ghpw hen-b- Hu-Zmcyw Jp-B-\m-sWpw, Fm B]-n\npw c-s-Sm\p amKw Jp-B\ns\ apdpsInSnv \nesIm-pI am{X-amsWpw Cu kqw ]Tn-n-p-p. Cv hnizmknItfmSv hnhn[ apkvenw
kwLS\-I-fns]v apivcnm-ImsX, Jp-B\ns\ AW--p-]-tbm-Knv ISn-p-]n-Snncnm 'l-p hnZm-Av' \mf-nXs \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. _Jd: 24,176,254,269,
Ben-Cw-dm: 74,101,103, An-km-Av: 6065,8891 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
114. Ah-cpsS cl-ky -kw-kmc--fn-e-[n-Ihpw \-tbXpan-m--Xm-Ip-p. Zm\[-pw kI- {]hn-p--Xn-\p t{]c-W-\Ip-Xn\pw, As-n P\-n-S-bn tbmPn-p-m-pXn\pw thn-bp
cl-ky-kwkm-c-sfm-gn-sI. Atm, Am-lp-hns Xr]vXn -tamln-psImv An-s\-bm-sc-nepw sNp]w \mw Ah\v al-mb {]Xnêw \Ip-I-Xs sNpXmWv.amCZ: 2, hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv Amlp ]d-bp-p: \n ]pWy-nepw `n-bnepw
]c-kv]cw kl-I-cn-p-I-bpw klm-bn-p-Ibpw sNp-hn. Ip-Ir-Xy--fn-epw i{Xp-Xbnepw \n kl-I-cn-mXncnp-Ibpw klmbn-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-hn. apPmZne: 8, cl-ky-amb KqVm-tem-N\ \ntcm-[n Hcp-hn-`m-K-n-tev \ns {i-Xn-cnpthm {]hm-N-Im, Ah-tcmSv hntcm-[n--Xp-Xs Ah AXn-{I-a-ambn sNp-I-bpw,
IpI-c-ambpw i{Xp-Xm-]-c-am-bpw {]hm-N-Is\ [n-cn-psImv Ah KqVm-tem-N\ \SpI-bpw sNp--p. As\ \ns ASp-tv hm Am-lp-t]mepw \ns A`nhm-Z\w sNm--hn-[-n kvt\-l-{]-I-S-\-tmsS Ah A`n-hm-Z\w sNp-I-bpw,
Amlp R-fpsS clky KqVm-tem-N-\-bpsS t]cn FmWv Rs-f inn-m-sXv B-KXw sNp-Ibpw sNpp. Ahv thhm \c-I-pWvTw Ghpw aXnbm-b-XmWvF{X-tam-i-s aS---ew Fp-]-d-bp-p-v. 9 hniz-mkn-Isf hnfnv,
Ip-I-c-am-bpw i{Xp-Xm-]-c-ambpw {]hm-N-Is\ [n-cn-p-sImv \n cl-ky -Kq-Vmtem-N\ \S--cp-Xv. ]pWy-nepw `n-bnepw \n cl-ky -Kq-Vm-tem-N\ \S-nsIm-p-I. \n ]p\Po-hn-nsmcpanp Iq-s-SpXv Bcn-te-mtWm B Am-
An-km-Av (4)
455
lp-hns\ kqn-p-Ibpw sNpI Fpw, 10, \n-b-w KqVm-tem-N-\, ]nimNn

\np-X
- m-Ip-phnizm-kn-Isf Zp:Jnn-p-X
- n\p-thn. Fm Am-lp-hns thpIIq-SmsX Ahv AXp-ap-tJ\ Bscbpw D]-{Zhnm km[n-p-I-bn-. Atm
hnizm-kn-I Am-lp-hn `c-tan--s Fp-w ]-d-bp-p-v. kqd: ap\m-^n-Jq\nepw,
Xu_: 5055, Alvkm_v: 12-13 XpSnb ]e kq--fnepw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS Cu
kz-`mhw hc-p-Im-Wn-n-p-v. hnizm-kn-I Fm-bvtmgpw Am-lp-hn\pthn \nesIm-p-h
- c
- pw, ]nim-Nn-t\mSpw Ahs {]h-\
- tfmSpw Jp-B\ns Bi-bw-sImv
A[n-I-cn Pnlm-Zv \-S-p--h-cp-w, AXphgn Ah `qan-bpsS Bbp-n-\p-thn {]hnp--h-cm-Wv. Fm I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I `qansb \in-n-p--Xn-\p-thn {]hnp a\p-jyn-im-Np-f
- m-Wv. _Jd: 99,152, An-kmAv: 61-65,81,91 hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mpI.
115. Bsc-nepw X\nv kamKw shfnsv Ign--Xn\p-tijw {]hm-NI
\pambn hnL-Sn-p-Ibpw, kXy-hn-izm-kn-If
- ptS-X
- m amKw ]np-Sc
- pIbpw
sNp-p-sh-n, \mw Ahs\ Ah Xncn-tStpXs Xncnp-I
bpw \c-Ipn Icn-p-Ibpw sNp-X
- m-WvF{X-tam-is
- aS-ew.
Cu kqw hnizm-kn-I-f-m apkvensfpdn-mWv ]d-bp--Xv. ImcWw Ah
Am-lp-hnepw dkq-enepw hniz-kn-p-p-sv DuwsImp--h-cpw, Jp-B Innbnv
AXns\aqSnshv Pohn-X-ta-J-e-I-fnsemw {]hm-N-I\pambn hnL-Sn Pohn-Xw \bnp-h-cpam-Wv. {]hm-N-Is PohnXw Jp-B-\m-bn-cp-p. hnizm-kn-I-fpsS Pohn-Xhpw JpB-\m-bncn--Ww. Am-lphpw {]hm-N-I\pw hnizm-kn-IfpaSnb Am-lp-hns
kwLn\mWv {]Xm-]hpw hnPbhpw e`n-p-I. Am-- Fm kwL-S-\-mcpw
]nimNns kwLamWv (amCZ: 56, apPm-Zne: 19-22 t\mp-I). kq-n kXy-hn-izmknI-fptS-X-m amKw ]np-S-cpI Fp-]-d-Xn\npw, Cv {]hm-NIs PohnXw
P\ -a-[y-n kmywh-ln-p hnizm-kn-I-fpsS amKw ]n]-pI FmWv (_-Jd:
143 t\mp-I). B amKw ]n]-m--hsc Amlp Ah Xncn-e-tpXs
Xncn-p-I-bpw, \c-I-n Icn-p-Ibpw sNp-sa-mWv ap-dn-bnv \Ip-Xv. kqd:
apl--Zv: 32, \nbw Jp-B aq-Sn-sh-p-I-bpw, Am-lp-hns amKamb AXn\nv
P\sf XS-bp-Ibpw, kmK-amb Jp-B hp-In-n-btijw dkq-ep-ambn hnL-Snp
Ibpw sNbvXhcp-tm, Ah Am-lp-hn\v Hcp D]-{Z-hhpw hcp-p-n-, Fm
Ah-cpsS {]h-\--sfmw \njv^-e-am-bn-g-- np Fpw, 33- hnizm-kn-Isf hnfnv:
Hm hnizm-kn-I-tf, \n Am-lp-hns\ A\p-k-cn-p-hn, Ahs ZqX-s\bpw A\p-kcn-p-hn. AXp-hgn \n-fpsS {]h-\- \njv^-e-am-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNphn
Fp-w, 34- \n-b-ambpw JpB aqSn-sh-p-I-bpw, AXn\nv P\-sf XS-bp-Ibpw, As\ \ntj-[-n-\p-ta \ntj-[n-bm-bn-smv acn-p-Ibpw sNbvX-h-cp--tm,
Ahv Amlp s]mdp-p-sIm-Sp--bn--X-s Fpw -]-d-n-pv. Fmhcpw hXv
kzKn \n-m-Wv. kamKamb (_-Jd: 2,38,185), kzK-n-te-p Sn-mb
(Ckm: 29, Xzmlm: 3) Jp-B-\ns Bibw ]n]-n-bm Ahv kzKntepXs Xncn-p-t]m-Imw, Jp-B Inn-bnv D]-tbm-Kn-m--h-cpsS aS-ew
Ghpw Zpjn-- kt-X-amb \-c-Ia-- m-Wv. (Xu_: 67-69, 7482, kPZ: 1720 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
Cv {]hm-N-I-\p-s-n, s]cp-mfpw t\mpw GXp -Zn-h-k-amtWm A\p-jvTnpI
456
Jp- B - \ ns Bmhv
B Znh-kw Xs-bmbncnpw temI-s-m-bn-S-p-ap hnizm-kn-I s]cp-mfpw

t\mpsamw A\p-jvTn-p-I. Cv dkq Pohn-n-cn-p-s-n Fhn-sS-shv Fs\bmWv \a-kvI-cn-p-I- Fv Nnnp a\-n-em-n-smv am{X-amWv hnizm-kn-I \akvImcw \ne-\np-I. "Ah-cpsS ]n-I hen-bs
- I-n-S
- f
- m-bn-cn-pw, AhnsS kamKw
(Jp-B) Dm-bn-cn-p-I-bn' Fv \_n (k) -ZoLZi\w -sNbvX ]n-I-fn-se-hnsSbpw hnizm-kn-I H-tm Iq-amtbm \a-kvI-cn-p-Itbm, \a-kvIm-c--fn ]sSppItbm C. Cv temIsm-bn-Spap ]n-I-fnse Cam-ap-I _Jd: 174
{]Imcw Jp-B\ns Bibw aqSn-sh-p--h-cpw, JpB HmXn \a-kvI-cnv hmS-Ihmn hb-dp-I-fn Xo\n-d-p--h-cp-ambXn-\m hnizm-kn-I Ahsc ]npScp-I-bn-.
Cv {]hm-N-I-\p-s-n, \oNhpw \nIr-jvS-hp-amb {]hn-Isfsmv XS-bm \akvImcw \n-ln-psIm-n-cn-pXn\p]Icw, \in-p-sImn-cn-p `qanbpsS \io-Ic-W-th-KX Npcp-m th-nbpw, \a-kvIm-chpw {]m\-I-fp-samw kzoI-cn--s-Sm-
thnbpw, samw a\p-jysc Jp-B\ns Bibw ]Tn-n-pXn apgp-Ip-I-bmWv
sNp-I (AAvdm^v: 170, AI-_qv: 45, ^mXzn: 29, Iqn-hm-bn-p-I_Jd: 186 hni-ZoI-cWw t\mp-I). AsX, Cv Jp-B AW--p-]-tbm-Knv ISn-p-]n-Sn-n-cn-m\mWv
\_n (k) ]Tnnnp--Xv. _Jd: 174-176, Ben-Cw-dm: 10,8688,187 XpS-nb kq-fpsS Iev]-\-I Dsmv `qan AXns kp-e-\mh-bn \ne-\nm\pw cw
Nnp- Xv XS- b m- \ p- a p- X - I p Jp- B \ns Bibw samw a\p- j yv FnpsImSpp {]hrn-I-fn-emWv hnizm-kn-I apgp-Ip-I. Jp-BsImv ^pnev: 26-28 kq--fn ]d Im^n-dp-Ifmb ap\m-^n-Jp-I-tfm-Spw, 29 ]d Im^ndp-I-fmb ^mPndp-I-tfmSpw A[n-I-cn PnlmZv \S-p--h-cmWv hnizm-kn-I. (Xu_: 73,
^pJm: 52 t\mp-I). A^m: 13, liv: 14 Fo kq--fn-semw Am-lp-hns\bpw dkq-en-s\bpw hnL-Snv Pohn-m Ahsc ITn-\-ambn inn-pIXs sNpsav ]d-n-p-v. (Ben-Cw-dm: 4,102-106, An-km-Av: 80,82,87,91 hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mpI).
116. \nbw Amlp Ah-\n ]p-tNp--Xv Hcn-epw s]mdp-p-Ibn
Xs. AsXm-gn-p--sXmw Ah-\p-t-in-p--hv s]mdp-p-sIm-Sp-t
mw. Bsc-nepw Am-lp-hn ]p-tNm, Atm \nbah
kXy-amK-n\nv hgn-]n-gv hfsc-Zqcw AI-p-t]m-bn-g
- n-n-cn-pp.
^mnl: 7, _Jd: 137, Ben-Cw-dm: 90-91, 101-103, An-km-Av: 48 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mpI.
117. Ah Am-lp-hns\qSmsX Nne- tZ-hn-I-sf-b-msX hnfn-p-n-, Ah
[nm-c-n-em-n-d-nb kwi-b-apmp ssim-s\-b-msX hnfnp
pan-.
am-apivcnp-I ae-p-Isf Am-lp-hns s]k-m-\--fm-bn-pw, Pnp-Isf
Bk-m-\--fm-bnpw IW-m-n-t]m-n-cp-p. Ah B]-p-L---fn Am-lphn-s\-q-SmsX tZhn-If
- mbn k]npsh ae-p-Is
- f hnfn-p-{]mn-n-cp-p. Ay\mfn FmkrjvSn-I-sfbpw Hcp-an-p-Iq-p-tm, Ch \nsfbmtWm hnfnv {]mnn-cp-sXv (C_m-Zv sNbvXn-cp--sXv) ae-p-ItfmSv tNmZn-p-tm Ah: "\o
An-km-Av (4)
457
]cn-ip-, \obmWv R-fpsS kwc--I-\mb \mY, Ah-c-' Fp]d-bp--Xm-Wv.

Ah Pnp-IsfbmWv hn-fnv {]mn-n-cp--Xv. Ah-cn-e-[n-I-t]cpw B PnpIfn
hnizknph-cp-am-bn-cp-p. Atm Amlp ]dbpw: Ct-Zn\w \n-fnsem-cp -hn`mKn\pw asm-cp-hn-`m-K-n\v D]-Im-ctam D]-{Z-htam hcp-m km[y-aspw, A{Ian-I-fmb \n-sfmw (Pn-p-Ifpw a\p-jy-cpw) If-hm-n- Xnd-n-cp \c-I-in
cpNn-p-sIm-pI Fp]-d-bp cwKw k_-Av: 4042 kq-fn ap-dn-bnv \In-bnp-v. krnIfmb apl--Zv, Cukm, aqkm XpS-nb {]hm-N-Iam, aplvbpo ssiJv,
APvao tJmP, apdw X XpSnb alm-m--, ae-p-I-, Pnp-I XpSn
Am-lp-hns\qSmsX Ahs GXp krn-Isf hn-fn-mepw Ah k-{k-m-hn\nv
XS-bp [nm-cn-bmb ]nim-Nn-s\-bmsX hnfn-pn. Fm krn-I-sfbpw, Amlphn-\msX Ah Bp-thn Pohn-p-pthm (C_m-Z-p-sN-ppthm) Ah-sc-bpw
Hcp-an-p-Iq-p \mfn Amlp alm-m--tfmSv tNmZn-pw: Fs Cu ASn-aIsf hgn]n-g-n-Xv \n-fm-tWm? AtXm Ah kzbw hgn]ngXm-tWm? Atm B alm-m adp-]Sn ]d-bpw: "\o ]cn-ip--, \ns-q-SmsX asm-cp- kw-c--I-s\-bpw, klm-bnsbbpw sXsc-s-Sp- Rv tbmPn--Xmbn-cpnXs. Fm \o Chpw,
Ch-cpsS ]nXm-ampw Pohn-X-hn-`-h- btYw \IpI-bpw, Ah Jp-B\ns
Bibw ad-v HcpsI P\-X-bmbn (Pohn-X-eyw \jvS-shcmbn) A[:]Xn-p-Ibpw
sNbvXp'Fv A\ymbw t_m[n-n-p cwKw ^pJm: 17-18 kq--fn ap-dn-bnv
\In-bnp-v. bmko: 74-75 Ah Am-lp-hns\qSmsX Ahsc klm-bn-psav
IcpXn ap -C-em-lp-Isf kzoIcnncn-p-p. Fm Ahv C-hsc klm-bn-m
km[y-a. Fm-h-scbpw Hcp-an-p-Iq-p \mfn- A-h Chs-Xntc hcp ]m-f-mcm-bn-cn-pw Fp-]-d-n-p-v (AlvJm^v: 56 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Alv: 20-22,
Am-lp-hns\qSmsX Ah hnfn-p -{]mn-p--h HpwXs krjvSn-nn, am{Xa Ah krjvSn--s--h-cp-am-Wv. Ah acn--h-cm-Wv, Pohn-n-cn-p--h t]mep-a-.
FmWv ]p\Po-hn-n--s-SpI Fp-t]mepw Adn-bm--h-cm-W-h. \n-fpsS Cemlv
(Im-WmsX Ip-hn-fn-m-hp--h, klmbw tXSm-hp--h, `b-s-Sm-hp--h, `c-tanm-hp--h) GI-\mb Cem-lv am{Xam-Ip-p. Atm ]c-tem-I-n hniz-kn-m-h-cpsS lrZ-b--fn hntcm-[amWp-Xv, Ah Fmw XnI Al-m-cn-I-fmbn (Cemln\n-vJp-B-\n\n-v) ]nn-cn-v t]mIp--h-cp-am-Ip-p. ABw: 25-26 hni-Zo
I-cWw t\mpI.
^mXzn: 13-14 kq-n, Am-lp-hns\qSmsX \n hnfn-v -{]mn-p-h Imc-p-cp-hns apI-fn-ep ]mS-bpsSb{Xt]mepw A[n-Imc-ap--h-c-, \n-fhsc
hnfn-p-tm Ah \n-fpsS hnfn-tIp-n-. C\n tImXs (A-mlp tInp]w tIpw) Ah \nv Dcw \Ip-I-bpan-. Jnbm-a-p\m-fntem
\n- Am-lp-hn ]p-tNXns\ Ah \ntj-[n-p-Ibpw sNpw. {]hm-N-Im,
Fmw hebw sNbvX {XnIm-e-m-\n-bmb Hcp-h-\-msX \n\v Ccw hrm-
Adn-bnv XcnI-bn- Fp]d-n-p-v (^pJm: 58-59 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). AAvdm^v:
194-195, \nbw \n Am-lp-hns\qSmsX hnfn-v {]mn-p--h \n-sftmep ASn-a-I am{X-am-Wv. Atm \n-f-hsc hnfn-p-I, \n kXyw-]-d-bp--h-cmsW-n Ah \nv Dcw \Ip--Xp-Im-W-s. A, Ahv \S-p-h-cm
Imep-I-fp-tm? AX, Ahv \nsf ]nSn-s-gptn-m-\p ssII-fptm?
458
Jp- B - \ ns Bmhv
AtXm- A-hv \nsf ImWm-\p Ip--Ifp-tm? AtXm A-hv \n-fpsS hnfntIm-\p ImXp-I-fp-tm? {]hm-NIm ]d-bp-I: \n Am-lp-hn-s\- Iq-Sm-sX-bp
\n-fpsS ]m-fn-Isfsbmw hnfn-sm-cp-anpIqn F\n-s-Xnsc KqV-X-{w- sa-\-bpI,
F\nv \n Hcpkm-h-Im-ihpw \tI--Xpan-. (AAvdm^v: 190-193,196199 Iqn-hm
bn-p-I). BIm-i-`q-an-I-fn- ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-Is ASn-a-bm-bn--m-sX Hp-an-sv adnbw:
93 ]d-n-p-v. Am-lp-hns\ IqSmsX Bsc `b-s-mepw, {km-hns\ [n-cnpsImv Bsc A\p-k-cn-mepw Ah ]nim-Nn-\-Sn-a-s-Sp--h-cpw, ]nim-Nns {]Xn-\n[n-I-fmbn Pohn-p--h-cp-am-Wv. adnbw: 44-45 C_vdmlow \_n kz]n-Xm-hn-t\mSv ]d-bpp: ]nXm-th, Xm ]nimNn\p-thn Pohn--cp-Xv. \nbw ssizm ]c-am-Im-cpWn-Is\ [n-cn--h-\m-Wv. Hm Fs ]nXm-th, ssizms\ kwc--I-\pw klm-bn-bpambn sXsc-s-Sp-pIhgn ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I-\n\np in, \nw-ibw Xmsf ]nSn
s]Sp-sav Rm `b-s-Sp-p. (^mnl: 4, _Jd: 154,256-257, An-km-Av: 38,51-52,76
hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I).
118. Amlp Ahs\ i]n-n-cn-p-p. Ah ]d-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp: \ns
ASn-a-I-fn\nv \smcp hn`mKs Rm ]mn-em-pIXs-sN-pw.
Amlp Ahs\ i]n-n-cn-p-p Fp]d-m, Imcp-Wy-n\nv ]pdw-Xffn
Ah-\p-am-bp _w ths-Sp-n-bn-cn-p-p Fm-Wv. Fm Jp-B aqSn-sh
ap\m-^n-Jp-Isf Amlp i]n-p-Ibpw h[n-p-Ibpw, h[n-mthn hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv
Iev]n-p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-p-p (Xu_: 67-68,80, bq\pkv: 33, dAvZv: 25, ap\m-^n-Jq: 46
Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Rm \ns- A-Sn-a-I-fn \sm-cp- hn-`m-Ks ]mnem-psav sNIpm ]d-Xns\- \_n C{]-Imcw hni-Zo-I-cnp: Fm Htcm Bbn-cnepw sXmmbn-cn sXmq-n-sbm-Xv \c-I-n-tepw Hv kzKn-te-p-am-Wv. Cu A\p-]mXw
A-h-m-Wv, n]vXamWv, am-an-m--Xpam-Wv. kzmZv: 7885, ]nim-Nn-t\mSv Amlp
]d-bp-p: \nbw Ay-\mhsc \ns-ta Fs im]-ap-v. ]nimNv ]d-p: Fs
\mYm, Ah-cpsS ]p\P--\mhsc F\n-hkcw Xc-W-w. Amlp ]d-p: icn,
Atm A-dn-b-s\mhsc (hn-[n-Zn-h-k-\mhsc) \n\-h-kcw Xn-cn-p-p. Ah
]d-p: Atm \ns {]Xm-]-amWv kXyw, \n\-pthn am{Xw Pohn-p--hscm-gnsI-bp \ns apgp-h ASn-a-I-sfbpw Rm ey-t_m[w \jvS-sSpn hgn-]n-g-npIXs- sN-pw. Atm Amlp ]d-p: kXyw Rm ]d--Xm-Wv, \ns-smpw Ah-cn\nv \ns ]n]-n-b-h-sc-smv apgp-h\pw \mw \c-Iw- Ipn\ndpIXs sNpw. lnPv: 3543 kq--fnepw CtX-Imcyw ]d-bp-p-v. (AAvdm^v:
12-30, Alv: 99, Ckvdm-Av: 62-65 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). AAvdm^v: 27, \n- Ahsc
ImWmhw ]nimNpw Ahs ]cn- h m- c - fpw \n- s f- Im- W p p- s pw,
ssizmamsc \mw hnizm-kn-I-f-m BfpIv klm-bn-I-fpw kwc-I-cpam-n-bncn-p-p-shpw ]d-bp-p. Im^n-dp-I-fpsSta Ah-cpsS Imcy- icn-s-Sp-p-Xn\pthn \mw Im^ndp-I-fmb ssizmamsc Ab-n-p-Xv \o In-t- Fv adnbw:
83 Amlp tNmZn-p-p. lqZvv: 118119, \ns \mY Dtinn-cp-p sh-n Fma-\p-jy-scbpw H-k-ap-Zm-b-am-p-am-bn-cp-p. Fm- \ns \mYs- Imcp-Wyw- In-n-b-hscm-gnsI `nn-v \np-I-bnXs. AXn-\p-thns-bmWv Ahsc krn--Xv,
\n-b-ambpw Pnp-I-sf-smpw a\p-jyscsmpw apgp-h\pw \mw \cIw Ipn-\n-d-
An-km-Av (4)
459
pIXs sNpsa \ns \mYs hN\w ]qn-bm-bn--gn-ncnpp Fp-]-dbp-p-v. kPZ: 13 Amlp ]d-bp-p: \mw Dt-in-n-cppshn Fm Hmtcm
Bm-hn\pw AXns kamKw am{X-a-v -sIm-Sp-p-am-bn-cp-p. Fm Fn\nv
hN-\-apmbn--gnp (ssi-zm\v hmp-sIm-Sp-pIgnp), \nbw Pnp-I-sf-smpw, a\pjy-sc-smpw apgp-h\pw \mw \cIw Ipn\n-d-pIXs sNpsav.
(bmko: 7,70, Alv: 93, bq\pkv: 33,99100, ^pn-ev: 25, AlvJm^v: 18 Iqn-hm-bnp-I).
Awkv: 710 Fm-Hmtcm Bm-hn\pw AXns sXm-Sn--hpw `nbpw \Inbn-p-v. Atm BcmtWm Ahchsc ipo-I-cn-Xv (Xn-cn--dn--Xv) Ah hnP-bnp, BcmtWm Ahchsc ZpjnnXv (Xn-cn--dn-bm--Xv) Ah ]cm-P-b-s-p. \bpw
Xnbpw Fm-\-^vkn\pw sImSp-n-p-spw, Jp-B\ns Bibw ]Tn-n-n-p-spw
Adlvam: 14 kq-f
- n ]d-n-p-v. (Ben-Cw-dm: 185, ABw: 104,164, AAvdm^v:
35-36, C_vdmlow: 1, bq\pkv: 108, Ckvdm-Av: 13-15, ^mXzn: 18, kpa: 7,41, Ckm: 3,
APvav: 3842, liv: 1719 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). kzKhpw \c-I-hp-samw Hmtcm hyn-bpw
km-Zn-t--Xm-Wv (Ben-Cw-dm 136,182 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI). ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I-\mb
DS-a-bmb {km-hn-t\mSv, Rm A-Sn-a-bmWv, Fs hn[n-h-n-p-v, AXv \c-I-n-temtWm kzK-n-te-mtWm Fs-\n--dn-bn-, AXp \c-I-n-te-m-sW-n ASnabmb Fssmv DS-a-bmb \o Xs Xncp-n-n--Ww, Fs \o kzKn-tep
Bbn-c-n Hn Ds-Sp--Ww, Fs \o \-s-Sp--cp-sXv lrZ-bw-sImv
Fm-bvtmgpw {]mn-v, Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n\nv Am-lp-hns kz`mhw
Dsmv Pohn-X-n-se-m-bn-Spw Ahs {]Xn-\n-[n-bmbn AYhm Ahs ]q{]-Xn-\n-[n-bmb apl-Zv \_n (k)sb ]n]n Pohn-pIbpw thWw. (_Jd: 143146,152
hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). dlvav (Imcp-Wyw) Jp-B Xs-bm-Wv. (_Jd:64 hni-ZoI-cWw t\mp-I). Am-lp-hns\ kvacn-p-sImv Pnhn-m--h ]nim-Nn\v C_mZ-psN-p--hcpw ]nim-Nn-\p-thn Pohn-p--h-cpamWv. Ay-\m-fn Acw {`mamtcmSv "BZw kXnIsf \ntfmSv ssim-\p-thn Pohn--cp-sXv DS-Sn hmnbn-p-m-bn-cp-n-t? \n F\n-p-th-n-bmWv Pohn-t--Xv, AXmWv t\sc- sNms-bp amK-sav ]d-p-X-cn-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-n-t-' Fp bmko: 59-61 Amlp
tNmZnp cwKw ap-dn-bn-v -\Ipp. _Jd: 6-7,26-28, 99,174-176,186,213, An-km-Av:
1,78-79,91 t\mp-I.
119. Rm Ahsc hgn]ng-n-pIXs sNpw. Xo-bmbpw Rm\-hsc hymtaml-n-e-I-s-Sp-p-Ibpw sNpw. Ip-Im-en-I-fpsS ImXp-I Iodp--Xn\p-thn Rm\-h-tcmSv Iev]n-pIXs -sN-pw. Rm\-h-tcmSv Iev]n
ptm Ah Am-lp-hns krnv amn-a-dn-pI Xs-sN-pw. Amlp-hns\qSmsX ssim-s\ -BcmtWm kwc--I\pw klm-bn-bp-ambn
sXsc-s-Sp-Xv, Atm- Ah hy-amb \-n hoWp-I-gn p.
120. Ah A-h-tcmSv hmKvZm-\- sNp-I-bpw, Ahcn hymtam-l- P\nn-p-Ibpw sNpw, Fm ]nim-Nns hmKvZm-\
- h-\b
-
- msX asmp-a-.
460
Jp- B - \ ns Bmhv
121. Aq--cpsS A`bktXw \c-I-Ip-WvTam-Ip-p. AXn-s\-smv c-{]m]n-m Ahv bmsXmcp]gpXpw e`n-p-I-bp-an--.

ae-p-Itfm As-n ac-W-an-m--htcm Bbn amdmsap hymtamln-nmWv
]nimNv BZw Z-Xn-Isf hne-s I\n Xon--Xv. \nbw Rm \n-fpsS KpWImwn-bm-sWv BW-bnv ]dpsImv Ah Ahsc cp-t]-scbpw hnv kzKn\nv ]pd-mn (AAvdm^v: 19-22 t\mp-I). Atm-tgpw Am-lp-hns\ Hmh BZw, lrZ-b-n Zp:Jw {]I-Sn-n--tm lrZ-b--fpsS Ah--b-dn-bp Amlp
tJZn-p-a-S-m-\p hN\w (AAvdm^v: 23) CpsImSp-p. (_Jd: 37 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mpI). lv: 34, Amlp ]d-bpp: P\--fn, Am-lp-hns Imcy-n
bmsXmcp Adn-hp-an-msX Xn-p--h-cp-v. Ah Fm [nm-c-fn-epw B-n-dnb, [nmcw Iev]n-p, ssim-amsc ]n]-p--h-cp-amWv. \n-bw, Ahs\
(]nimNv) BcmtWm sXsc-s-Sp--Xv, Ahsc hgn-]n-g-n-p-Ibpw In-bm-fp \c-Iinbn-tev amK-Zi\w \Ip-I-bpw sNpsav Ah-s-ta tcJ-s-Sp-n-bn-p-v.
\nbw ap-Jo- (A-m-lp-hns\ lrZ-b-n kqn-p--h) ]nim-Nn\np
Hcp tXm A\p-`h
- sm DSs\ Am-lp-hns\ kvacnp-hc
- pw, Jp-B\
- ns Bmhmb "_kzm-C' D]-tbm-Knv, ]nim-Nns amKhpw Am-lp-hns amKhpw Xncn--dnvv Dm-gvN-bp-h-cpam-IpXmWv Fv AAvdm^v: 201epw, Fm Ahs (]n-imNn-s) ktlm-Z-camsctbm, Ah ZpamK-ntev hen-n-gp-Ibpw ]ns ]nSnhnSmXn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-sav 202epw ]d-n-p-v. (AAvdm^v: 175-176, Ckvdm-Av: 27
Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). ]nimNv a\p-jys\ Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n\nmWv XS-sXv
a\p-jyXs \msf- ]-c-tem-I-p-shv Gp]dbp-Xm-sWv ^pJm: 29 ]dn-p-v. Jp-B\ns Bi-b-ssmv Bi-b-v AI--hs\ \mw Hcp ssim\vv
Gn-p-sIm-Sp-p-sa-pw, Atm-f-h Ah-s IqpImc-\m-Ip-sapw kpKvdp^v: 36
]d-n-p-v. B ssizmam-c-hsc Am-lp-hns hgn-bn\nv (Jp-B\ns Bibn\nv) XS-bp-I-Xs sNp-sa-pw, Fm- \n-bw Ah kamKn
Xs-bm-sWv IW-p-Iq-p-sav 37epw, As\ Ah \n-tev hm a\p-jy,
"Hm IjvSw! Fsbpw \ns-bp-an-S-bn cv DZ-b-m-\--fpsS (cm-hn-sbpw ]I-en-sbpw) AI-bp-m-bn-cp-s-n F{X \m-bn-cp-t-s\, \osb{X Zpjn Iqp-Im-c'
Fvv hne-]n-p-sav 38epw ]d-n-p-v. Jm^v: 27, Pnp-Iq-p-Im-c-\mb ]nimNv,
"R-fpsS \mYm, Rm\-hs\ \n_-np hgn-]n-g-n-n-n-; Fm-e-h hf-sc- hn-Zq-camb hgn-tI-Sn Xs-bm-bn-cp-p' Fv \msf ]d-bp cwKw hnh-cnn-p-v. apPm-Zne: 1619, a\p-jy-n-im-Np-fmb I]-S-hn-izm-kn-IfpsS, ]c-tem-Iv hcmt]mIp cwKw
Nn{Xo-I-cn-n-p-v. Ahcpw Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n\nmWv P\-sf XS-bpsXv
ImWmw.
C_vdmlow: 22, hn[n-Xov Ign-m ]nimNv ]d-bpw: Amlp \n-tfmSv
bYm hmKvZm\w sNbvXp, Rm\pw \n-tfmSv hmKvZm\w sNbvXp, Rm\Xv \n-tfmSv
ewLn-p-p, \nsf Rms\mv hnfn-p-t\m-n-sb--m-sX F\n-v \n--fn bmsXmc-[n-Im-chpw (kzm-[o-\-hpw) Dm-bn-cp-n-, Atm \n-sf-\n-p-cw \In. AXp
sImv Cv \n- Fs Ip-s-Sp-t-, \n \nsfs Ip-s-Sp-n-smp-I. Rm \n-fpsS c-I-s\m-p-a-, \n Fsbpw c-I\. \nbw,
An-km-Av (4)
461
\n sFln-I-tem-Ip-shv Fs {km-hn ]p-tNXv Rm\nXm ChnsSshv

\ntj-[n-p-p. \nbw, A{I-anIv thZ-\m-P-\-I-amb in-bm-Wp--Xv. (Alv:
99-100 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). ABw: 112epw Amkv: 6epw, a\p-jy-cnepw Pnp-I-fnepw
ssizmam-cp-sv ]d-n-p-v. liv: 16 ssizms Iev]-\-b-\p-k-cnv \ntj[n-bm-b-h-\n\np D-c-hm-Znw ssim Hgn-bp-sapw, 17 As\ Ah
cp-t]-cp-sSbpw (a-\p-jy-sbpw Pnp-Iq-p-Im-c-s-bpw) ]cn-WnXn \nbw Ah cpt]cpw \c-I-n \nXy-hm-kn-I-fmbn Ign-p-Iq-Sp-I- F-mbncnpsapw, A{]-Im-camWv
A{I-an-Iv {]Xn-êw sImSp-p-I-sbpw ]d-bp-p. ^mXzn: 56 a\p-jysc hnfnv
Amlp ]d- b pp: Am- l p- h ns hmKv Z w kXy- a mbn ]pe- c p- I - X s sNpw.
AXpsImv ùXnI PohnXw \nsf hn-m-Xn-cn--s, Am-lp-hns Imcy-n
B alm-h--I\pw \nsf hn-m-Xn-cn--s. \nbw ]nimNv \n-fpsS i{Xp-hm-Ipp, AXp-sImv \n Ahs\ i{Xp-hm-bn-s Im-WpI. \nbw Ah Ahs
kwLs hnfn-p-Xv In-bm-fp \c-I
- o-bn Ah-t\m-sSmw Icn-s
- -Sm thnbm-Ipp. (_Jd: 168-171,268 Iqn-hmbnpI).
Adqw: 30, Fm-a-\p-jyscbpw krjvSn {]Ir-Xn-bn Xs \o t\sc-sNm-s\n-e-sIm-pI, Am-lp-hns krjvSn-n\v bmsXmcp am-hp-an-, AXmWv t\sc-sNm-sbp Zo. Fm P\--fn-e-[nIt]cpw Adn-hn-m--h-cm-Ip-p Fp]d-bp-p.
Atm krn-IsfmwXs apkven-am-bnv ({]Ir-Xn-a-X-n) Ckvem-an-emWv P\n-p-sXv \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. ImXp-I- Iodn hn-Ir-X-am-sSmsX {]Ir-XnbnXsbmWv Ip-Im-en-Ifpw P\n-p--Xv. Fm Ah-bpsS ImXp-Iodn am-CZ:
103 ]d {]Imcw Am-lp-hn-s-ta Iw sIn--a-p-sImv _lod, kmC_,
hkzoe, lmav XpS-nb t]-cp-I \In \on-sh-p Zpcm-Nm-c- Iev]n-p--Xv
ssim-\msWv \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-pv. ImImc-W-hamsc A-ambn A\p-kcn-pIhgn ssim Ahsc hnfn-p-sIm-n-cn-p--Xv In-bm-fp \c-I-n-temsWv epJvam: 21 ]d-n-p-v.
Amlp krn Ah-b-h- Ah Dtin D]-tbm-K-n\nv -am-n-a-dn-psamWv krjvSn-ns\ amn-a-dn-p-I Fp]dXns Dtiyw. AYhm Jp-B
Fn-\p-th-n-bmtWm Ah-X-cn-n-Xv, B e-y-n- \nv hyXn-N-en-nv ]q-th-Zm- Ah-cpsS {Kw hnI-e-ambn D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-n-b-Xv -t]msebmn-op-I-bmWv
]nimNv sNpI (lZoZv: 16). AXp-t]mse {]IrXnp hncp--amb kzhKkw-t`mKw,
hy`n-Nm-cw, IpSpw-_m-kq-{X-Ww, k\ym-kw, tem-dn, NqXmw, ]en-i, Iv, ab-p-a-cp-v,
a{w, amc-Ww, If-hv, Ih, hKo-b-X, cw-Nn- XpS-nb Fm-{]-h-\-fpw
]nimNv Iev]n-p--Xm-Wv. An-km-Av: 78 \bpw Xnbpw -A-m-lp-hn\nmWv
Fpw 79-, \ Am-lp-hn\npw Xn- \n-n \npamWv Fpw -]-dXns
hnh-, Xn \ns Pnp-Iq-p-Im-c-\mb ]nim-Nn \nmWv FmWv. (C_vdmlow: 21,
epJvam: 33 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Fm kwL-S\m t\Xmam-cpw A\pbm-bn-Isf \c-In-tev ]nSn-p-h-en-p- sIm-p-t]m-Ip a\p-jy-n-im-Np--fm-Wv. A\p-bm-bn-I Ahsc
Aambn ]n]-p-I-hgn ]nim-Nn-s\-bmWv ]n]-p--Xv. cp-Iq-cpw \c-I-nshv
]c-kv]cw ]gn-Nm-cp, Xn-p cwKw _Jd: 166-167, Ben-Cw-dm: 86,91 hni-Zo-I-c-Wn t\mp-I.
Jp- B - \ ns Bmhv
462
122. kXy-hn-izmkw kzoI-cn-p-Ibpw kI--f-\p-jvTn-p-Ibpw sNbvX-h

cmtcm Ahsc \mw Xmgv`m-K--fn-eqsS \Zn-I-sfm-gpInsmn-cn-p kzKq-tm-p-I-fn {]th-inn-pIXs- sN-pw. Ah-c-Xn Fspw imizX-hm-kn-I-fp-am-bn-cnpw. CXv Amlp-hns kXy-hm-KvZm-\-am-Ip-p. Amlp-hn-t\-m Ghpw kXyw]d-bp--h ]ns Bcp-v?
An-km-Av: 78,82,87 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
123. \n-fpsS hymtam-l--tfm thZ-m-cpsS hymtam-l-tfm A\p-k-cn--,
Xn-sN-p--h-\mtcm Ah\v Ahs {]Xn-êw e`n-pw. Ah\v Am-lphns\q-SmsX Hcp- kw-c--I-s\tbm, klm-bntbm Fn-p-I-bpan-.
{km-hns apn- ]Xn-\v hb-n\v tij-ap AhcpsS PohnX-nse Hmtcm
\nanjs-p-dnpw Fm-hcpw H-sm--m-bn-mWv Dcw ]d-tb-nh-cn-I. aX-ns-tbm hK-n-s-tbm tKm{X-n-s-tbm tZi-n-s-tbm Xd--hm-Sn-stbm kwL-S-\bp-sStbm Hpw {]tXy-IX AhnsS hne-tm-hp-I-bn-. AsXmpw Amlp Xr]vXn-s-Xp-a. Ah-bpsS t]cn-ep ]-]mX--sfmw ]nim-Nns hgn-I-fmWv. _Jd:
38,62,112,120-121,176, An-km-Av: 85 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
124. kI- sNp- ]pcp-j-\m-Is As-n kv{Xobm-hs, Ah
(A-h) hnizm-kn-bp-am-sW-n, Atm Aq--cmWv kzKn {]thin-n--s-Sp-I. Ah-tcmSv Xcnpw A\oXn ImWn--s-Sp-I-bpan.
hnizm-kn-bm-ImsX Hcmfpw kzKn {]th-in-p-I-bn-. hnizm-kn-bm Im^ndp-I-fpsS I kzoI-cn-sSpIbnspw, Ah-cpsS {]m-\-I hgn-tI-S-msX
hn-n-p-I-bn-spw AdAvZv: 14, apAvan: 50 kq--fn ]d-n-p-v. _Jd:
186, Ben-Cw-dm: 195, An-km-Av: 115 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
125. Xs kkzhpw Am-lp-hn\v kanpIbpw Am-lp-hns\p
sImv Ncn-p-Ib
- pw EPp-am-\k
- \
- mbnsmv C_vdm-lo-ans amKw ]n]
pIbpw sNp--h-t\-m Ghpw\ Pohn-X-coXn ssIsIm--h
Bcpv? C_vdm-lo-an-s\bmIs Amlp Xs kplr-mbn kzoI-cn-ncn-p-p.
^pn-ev: 33, Jp-B kan-p Am-lp-hntev hnfn-p-Ib
- pw, kIf\p-jvTn-p-Ibpw sNp--h-t\-m Ghpw \-hmv ]d-bp--h-\m-cpv? Ah
]d-bp-Ibpw sNpp: \nbw, Rm kkzw Am-lp-hn\v kanhcn s]-h-\pam-Wv. CtX Bi-bw Xs-bmWv epJvam: 22-epap-Xv. _Jd: 112,257 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
126. BIm-i-fn-ep Fm -H-pw, `qan-bn-ep Fm -Hpw Am-lp-hn-t-XmIp-p. Ah- Fm hkvXp--sfbpw hebw sNbv-X-h-\p-a-tm.
_Jd: 154,234,255, Ben-Cw-dm: 128-129, An-km-Av: 108 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
An-km-Av (4)
463
127. kv{XoI-fpsS Imcy-n Ah \ntmSv hn[n- tNm-Zn-p-p-h-tm, ]d-bpI:

Ah-cpsS Imcy-n \nnXm Amlp hn[n- \Ip-p. {K-n
apv \nsf tInn-p hn[n-I Hman-n-p-Ibpw sNp-p. AXmbXv, \n Ah-Imiw sImSp-n-n-m-hcpw, \n hnhmlw sNm
B{K- l n- p- I bpw Fm Hgn- p- a m- d p- I bpw sNp- - (A- s - n
[\tamlw aqew hnhmlw sNm \n-fm-{K-ln-p-) A\m-Y- s]Ip-nIsf kw_-n hn[n-Ifpw, _e-lo-\cpw Bew-_-lo-\-cp-amb Ip-n-Isf
kw_-n hn[n-Ifpw Amlp \nsf Hmann-pIbpw sNp-p. A\m
YtcmSv \oXn-]qw \ne-sImW-sapw Amlp \n-tfmSv Iev]n-pp.
\n Fp-\ sNbvXmepw \nbw Amlp AsXmw Adn-bp km-\n-btm.kv{XoIsfpdn-p hn[n XpSp kq--fn hcp-pv. An-km-Av: 26
hni-Zo-I-c-Ww t\mpI.
128. Hcpkv{Xo Ah-fpsS `m-hns ]nW--tam Ah-K-W-\tbm `b-s-Sp-I-bmsW-n, Atm B Z-XnInS-bn Ah-Im-i--fn hnp-hogvN
sNbvXp-sImv ]c-kv]cw tbmPn-p-m-p--Xn\v hntcm-[-an-. tbmPn-v
X-s-bmWv GXp-\n-epw \-Xv. \^vkv (B-m-hv) AXns kp-Nn-XXzn-tev BIr--amIpXm-Wv. \n Am-lp-hns\ Ip-sImv
Ncn- p- I bpw Am- l p- h ns\ lrZ- b - n kqn- p- I bp- a m- s W- n
\nbw, Amlp \nfpsS {]h\sfmw t\cs \n-bn--h\pw
hebw sNbvX-h-\patm.
Hcp ]pcp-j\v cp- `m-cy-am-cp-m-bn-cn-p-Ibpw, Ah-fn- H-cp-h-tfmSv Ah\v aXn-pIp-d-bp-Ibpw sNp- A-h--bn Jp-B\ns shfn--n Ah Xn ]c-kv]cw
Imcy- N- sN-bvXv Hp-Xop-m-n cay-amb PohnXw \bnpI-bmWv th-Xv.
C\n Hcm-fpsS `mcy-v A-hs\ Zm-Xy-Po-hn-X-n Xr]vXn-s-Sp-m km[n-p-n-sn Ahsf \ne\nn-smpXs asm-cp-hsf hnhmlw sNmhp--Xm-Wv. CWIsfsbmw Am-lp-hmWv _n-n-p--sXv (^pJm: 54) a\-n-emnbpw, Hmtcmcp--cp-sSbpw I-tcJ Ah-c-h-cpsS ]nc-Sn-bn _n-n-p-s t_m[-tm-Sp-IqSnbpw (C-kvdm-Av: 13-14 t\mp-I), ]pcp-j\pw kv{Xobpw \^vkns kzmX shSn-v
Am-lp-hns Xr]vXn-bn {]IrXn tXSpw-hn[w Pohn-t--XmWv. \^vkns IpSpn\nv tamNn-n-h am{XamWv hnPbwhcn-p-I-sbv liv: 9epw, A-Km-_p:
16epw ]d-n-p-v. ]pcp-j-\m-h-s, kv{Xobm-hs Hmtcm-cp--scbpw `qan-bn-tev AbXv ChnsS kzKw ]Wn-bm\mWv. B Pohn-X-eyw ad-msX, Ftmgpw Am-lphns\ kvacn-p-sImv Ahs hn[n-hn-e-p-I A\p-k-cnpsImv ChnsS Pohn--Ww.
_Jd: 112,177,234, An-km-Av: 1 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
129. \n F{X -{i-an-mepw kv{XoIn-S-bn (`m-cy-amn-S-bn) ]qambn \oXn-]men-m \nv km[y-a. AXn-\m Hcp-hsf Ib-dnmsX
sIn-bn-p-sImv asm-cp-h-fn-tev ]q-ambn NmbmXncn-p-I. \n
464
Jp- B - \ ns Bmhv
kzw Ncy-I kwkvI-cn-p-Ibpw, Am-lp-hns\ kqn-p-I-bp-am-sW
n, Atm \nbw Amlp Gsd s]mdp-p-- Imcp-Wy-hm\tm.
a\p-jy-cpsS at\m-ap-Ip-c- Adn-bp {kmhv ]d-bp-I-bm-Wv: `mcy-amn-S-bn

Xpey-amb \oXn-]m-en-m \n-sf{X {ian-mepw km[y-am-hp-I-bn- F-v. Fm
Hcp-hsf BIm-ipw `qan-bn-ep-a-msX Xqn-\nn-smv asm-cp-h-fn-tev ]qambn Nmb-cp-Xv. `mcy-amn-S-bn Fm Imcy-n-ep-ap ]cn-]q \oXn \S-n-emm Ign-bm-- Ah--bn ssewKn-Iambn _-s-Sp-Xn\v amk-n-sem-cn-tem
BgvNbn-sem-cn-tem Dugw \n-bn-p-sIm-pw, Ah-v ap kwc-Wsfmw ]qambn \In-smpw kqw 128 ]cn-K-Wn-v ]c-kv]cw hyh sNbvXp-sImv tbmPnv
t]mIm-hp-Xm-Wv. C\n Ah ssewKn-Im-k-n-bn-m, hmIyw {]m]n--h-fm-sW
n Ah-fp-ambn ssewKnI_w ]pep-n-s-nepw Ankm-Av: 34mw kqw
]men-p-sImv Ahv kwc-Ww \I ]pcp-j\v \n_--am-Wv. \_n (k)bpsS
]Xv\n-bmb kuZ (d) hmIyw {]m]n--h-fm-bn-cp--Xn-\m Ah-cpsS Dugw Bbnj
(d)\v \In-smv Ah \_nbpsS `mcym-]-ZhnbnXs \ne-sIm-p-I-bpm-bn.
_Jd: 231-233 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
130. C\n Ah cp-t]cpw th]n-cn-bpIbm-sW-n, Atm Am-lp Ahs
IWnm hn`-h--fn\nv \In Hmtcm-cpscbpw sFiz-cy-ap
hcmp--Xm-Wv. AmlphmIs AXnhnim-e\mb bpn-m-\n-b-tm.
Hmtcm--cp--scbpw krnp-Xn\papv Xs Ah-cpsS `-W-hn`-h-fpw Bbppsamw Amlp \n-bn-p tcJ-s-Sp-n-bn-p-v. lqZv: 6, `qanbn Hcp Poh-Pmehpw AXns `Ww Am-lp-hns ]-em-bn--msXbn F-pw, AXns hn{i-aehpw, AXns ac-W-n-\p-ti-j-ap kqn-p-ehpsamw Hcp hy-amb {Kn tcJsSpn-bn-p-spw ]dnpv. AI-_q-v: 60, F{X-sb{X Poh-Pme--fmWv AhbpsS `Ww Ah t]dn \S-p-n-; Ah-sbbpw \n-sfbpw Am-lphm-Ipp Dup--Xv. Ah Fmw tIp--h\pw Adn-bp--h-\p-atm Fp-]-d-n-p
v. Ah Ftm-gmWv Fhn-sS-bmWv acn-p-I-sbpw Ah-cpsS icocw anse{X -e-bnp-tN-cp-sapw Hcp-{K--n tcJ-s-Sp-n- kqnn-p-sv Jm^v: 4 ]d-n-pv. Amlp BcpsSbpw B{i-b-an-m--h-\msWpw, a-phsmw Am-lp-hns
B{ibw AXym-h-iy-hp-amsWpap hniz-mkn Pohn-p--h-cm-Wv hnizm-kn-I.
Ah-cmWv "kzaZv' F- Am-lp-hns kn^-ns\ AwKo-I-cn-p--h (CJvem-kv: 2
t\mpI). C-c-n Am-lp-hns\ AwKo-I-cn--h am{Xta kzK-n {]th-in-pI-bp-q. (lZoZv: 22, lv: 70, epJvam: 34 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 236, 241-242, Ankm-Av: 32-33 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
131. BIm-i--fn-ep Fm Hpw, `qan-bn-ep Fm- Hpw Am-lp-hn-\p-Xm-Ip-p. \nbw \npapv t- hZw \Is-hsc \n-sf-s
- bpw
\mw D]-tZ-in-n-pv\nbw \n Am-lp-hns\ kqnW-sa-v. C\n
\n \ntj-[n-p-I-bm-sW-n Atm \nbw BIm-i-`q-an-I-fnepsXmw Am-lp-hn-\p--Xm-Ip-p. Am-lphm-Is sFiz-cy-hm\mb
An-km-Av (4)
465
kzbw kvXpXyl\tm.
132. BIm-i--fn-ep Fm Hpw, `qan-bn-ep Fm -Hpw Am-lp-hn-\m-Ip
p. Imcy-fpsS ssIIm-cy-Im-hmbn AmlpXs aXn-bm-bh
- \
- patm.
133. Ah Dt-in-m Hm a\p-jytc, \nsf \on-fv asmcp hn`mKs
Ah sImp-hc
- p-X
- m-Wv. Amlp AXns\mw XnI-- i-n-bp-h
Xs-b-tm.
BIm-i-`q-an-Isfbpw Ah-n-S-bn-ep k-h-kvXp--sfbpw Bdp-\m-fp-I-fn Cmbva-bn\nv krn-v kw-hn-[m-\nv Ah-bpsS \nb-{Ww Gs-Sp--h-\mWv Am-lp.
C_vdmlow: 19-20 Amlp ]d-bpp: \o a\-n-em-n-bn-n-t, BIm-i--sfbpw `qansbbpw ey-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bmWv krn-n-p-s
- X-v. Ah-\ptin-p-Ib
- m-sW-n \nsf
\on--fv \n-fpsS m\v ]pXn-b krn-Isf sImp-h-cp--Xm-Wv. AXv Ah\v
hfsc _pn-ap-p Imcy-sam-p-a-. ABw: 133 Amlp ]d-bpp: \ns \mY
XnI kzbw ]cym-]vX-\pw, Imcp-Wy-apS-b-h\p-am-Ip-p. Ah-\p-t-in-p-I-bm-sW-n
\nsf \on-I-f-bp-I-bpw, ap P\XIfpsS k-Xn-I-fn\nv \nsf \p-h-fn
sImp-h--Xp-t]mse \nfpsS m\v Ah-\p-t-inpw{]Imcw asmcp P\Xsb
\p-hf
- n-smphv \nptijw {]Xn-\n-[n-If
- mbn \ntbm-Kn-p-X
- m-Wv. kpa:
7 Amlp ]d-bpp: \n Am-lp-hns\ \ntj-[n-p-I-bm-sW-n, Atm
\nbw Amlp \n-sf-smv Bh-iy-an-m ]ca sFiz-cy-hm-\m-Ip-p. Ahs
ASn-a-Iv Ah \ntj[w C-s-Sp-n-, Fm \n \n-{]-I-Sn-n-p-I-bm-sW
n Ah \nsf C-s-Sp--Xm-Wv. `mcw hln-p Hcmfpw asm-cm-fpsS `mcw
hln-p-I-bn-. ]ns \n-sfsbmw aS--s-Sp-Xpw \n-fpsS \mY-\n-tev Xsbm-Wv, \n FmWv {]hn-p-sIm-n-cp-Xv Fv Ah \n-tfmSv hnhcw ]d-X-cp-Xpam-Wv. \nbw Ah s\-I--fpsS Ah Adn-bp--h Xs-btm.
epJvam: 12, Bsc-nepw \n- {]-I-Sn-n-p-p-s-n AXv Ah-\pthnsbmWv Fpw, Bsc-nepw \n-tISv ImWn-p-I-bm-sW-n \nbw Amlp sFiz-cyhm\pw kzbw kvXpXyl-\p-amIpp Fpw ]d-bp-p. ^mXzn: 15, Amlp ]d-bpp: Hm a\p-jytc, \n Am-lp-hns\sIms Ghpw Bh-iy-ap Zcn-{Z-cmIpp.
Amlpthm, ]ca sFiz-cy-hm\pw kzbw kvXpXyl-\pw Xsbm-Ip-p. 1617, Ah\ptin-m \nsf \on-fv ]pXnsbmcphn`mKw krn-Isf sImp-h-cm km[n-p-h-\m-sW-pw, AXn\v Am-lp-hn\v hen-b- {]-bm-k-sam-p-an-spw ]d-bpp. AKm-_p 6, Ah \ntj-[n-I-fmhpIbpw ]nn-cn-bp-Ibpw sNbvX-tm Amlp kzbw]-cym-]vXX sXsc-s-Sp-p. Amlp sFiz-cy-hm\pw kzbw kvXp-Xyl-\p-atm Fp]d-bp-pv (A-Km-_p: 19 t\mp-I). Ben-Cw-dm: 97 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
kqd: apl-Zv: 38, \n ]nip-p-Im-Wn-p-p-s-n AXv \ns-Xn-cm
bnv Xs-bmWv. Amlp sFiz-cy-hm\pw \n Zcn-{Z-cp-am-Wv. C\n \n ]nn-cnbp-Ibm-sW-n \n-fpsS m\-v a-smcp P\-Xsb Ah ]I-cw sImp-hcpw,
]nsbh \n-sf-tmsebmhp-I-bn- Fp-]-d-np-v. Npcp--n Am-lp-hns\
kvacn-p-sImv Fm-bvtmgpw \ne-sIm-p-I-bpw, Ah-\p-ambn sNbvX DS-Sn ]men-pIbpw Jp-B-\ns hn[n-hn-e-p-I ]n]n Ahs {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmbn Ah-\p-thn
466
Jp- B - \ ns Bmhv
Pohn-p-Ibpw sN-Ws
- a-mWv a\p-jy-tcmSv Iev]p-X
- v. Fm hnizm-kn-I am{Xta
AXp apJ-hn-e-s-Sp-p-I-bp-q, \ntj[n-I [nm-cn-bmb ]nim-Nns hgn-bmWv ]npS-cp-I. As\ Ah-km\w `qapJ-v Hcp hnizm-kn-bp-an-m-Xm-Ip-tm temIw Ah-km\n-p-Ibpw sNpw. Xu_: 39- hnizmkn-Isf hnfnv Amlp ]d-bpp: \n
Amlp-hns amK-n Cd-n-p-d-s-Sm Xm-dn-s-n \nsf thZ-\m-P-\-I-amb
in-sImv innp-sa-pw, Ahs\ Hcp-X-c-nepw _pn-apnm asmcp P\Xsb ]Icw sImp-h-cp-sa-pw, Amlp Fm-Im-cy-n\pw Ign-hp--h Xs-btm
Fpw]dn-p-v. `qan AXns kp-e-\-n \ne-\nm-\pw, c-sm-cn-n
Cm-Xmn a\p-jy-cpsS sFIyw m]n-m-\p-ap Jp-B-\ns Bibw kzbw D]tbm-Kn-m-Xn-cn-p-Ib
- pw, ap-h
- v \Im-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw, AXv aqSn-sh-p-Ibpw sNbvXm
B P\-X-bpsS m\v asmcp P\-Xsb Amlp sImp-h-cp-sa-mWv Cu kq ap-dn-bnv \Ip--Xv. AXp-sImv Cq (apkven) Cu Jp-Bs\ aqSn-shp-I-bmsW-n Atm AXns\ aqSn-sh-m Hcp P\-Xsb AXv \mw G]n-pI
Xs sNp-sav ABw: 89-epw ]d-n-p-v. _Jd: 154157,255-256, An-km-Av:
47,51,91, 118,123, amCZ: 48,54 t\mpI.
134. Bscnepw ùXn-I-amb {]-Xn-êw am{Xw tXSp-I-bm-sW-n Ah Adnn-cn-s, Atm Am-lp-hnsb-Sp- ùXn-Ihpw ]mc-{Xn-I-hp-amb
{]Xn-^-e-ap-v. Amlp Fmw tIp kZm honp-sIm-n-cn-p-h Xs-b-tm.
hnizm-kn-I Ftmgpw Fhn-sSbpw kzt_m-[-tmsS \ne-sImt-h-cm-Wv. Ah
cpsS Fm {]-h-\-fpw Am-lp-hn-\p-th-n-, ]c-tem-Iv {]Xn-êw e`n--Wsa
ey-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bp-am-bn-cn-pw. _Jd: 152, 200-202, An-km-Av: 43,100 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
135. Hm hnizm- k n- I tf, \n Am- l p- h n- \ p- t hn kmywhln- p- ,
\oXnsImv Iev]nphcmbn-cn-p-hn. AXv \ntm As n
\nfpsS amXm-]n-Xm-tm IpSpw-_-n\nv ASp--htm FXncm-W-nepw icn. [-\n-I-\m-Is As-n Zcn-{Z-\m-hs, Am-lp-hm-Ipp
AhcpsS Imcywt\mm \n-fn-tesd Al-\m-bn-p--h. AXpsImv
\oXn-]m-en-p Imcy-n \n tZtl-Isf ]n]mXn-cn-p-hn.
\n hf-sm-Sn-p-Itbm As-n kXy-n \nsm-gn-p-am-dp-Itbm
sNp-I-bm-sW-n Adn-p-sIm-pI, \nbw Amlp \nfpsS
{]h\-sfmw hebwsNbv-X -{XnIm-e-m\nbm-Ip-p.
"JznkvXv'(\oXn)-sImv Iev]n-p--h-cm-hpI Fp-]-d-m, Jp-B-\ns BibwsImv Iev]n-p--h-cm-hpI Fm-Wv. hnizm-kn-I Am-lp-hns Xr]vXn-bn ap-hsc Xr]vXn-sSp-Ibpw, Am-lp-hns tIm]-n ap--h-tcmSv tIm]w ]pepIbpw, Am-lp-hns Xr]vXn-p-thn \Ip-Ibpw, Amlphns AXr-]vXnbn \ImXn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp--h-cm-bncnpw. apPm-Zne: 22 Amlp ]d-bpp: Am-lp-hn-s\smpw Ay-Zn-\-s-smpw hniz-kn Hcp P\-Xsb, Am-lphnt\mSpw Ahs
An-km-Av (4)
467
ZqX-t\mSpw hntcm[wshp--h-tcmSvA-h Ah-cpsS ]nXm--tfm, a-tfm, ktlm-Z-ctfm As-n F{XbSp--h-cm-sWnepw (t\-Xm-fmsW-nepw)-icn-kvt\l-n

hnp--h-cmbn \o IspIbn-. Aq--cpsS lrZ-b--fn-emWv Amlp
hnizmkw tcJ-s-Sp-n-bn-p-X
- v. Ah-\n\np-smcp dqlp(ssN-X\
- yw)sImv Ahsc
in-s-Sp-p-Ibpw sNp-p. Xmgv`m-K--fn-eqsS \Zn-I Hgp-In-sm-n-cn-p kzKq-tm-p-I-fn Ahsc {]th-in-n-p-I-bpw, Ah-c-Xn \nXy-hm-kn-I-fp-am-bn-cn-pw.
Amlp Ah-sc-sm-pw, Ah Ah-s\-smpw Xr]vXn-s-n-cn-p-p. Aq--cmWv
Am-lp-hns kwL-m. Adn-n-cnpI, \nbw, Am-lp-hns kwLw am{XamWv hnPbwhcn-p-I. Xu_: 23- hnizm-kn-Isf hnfnv Amlp ]d-bpp: \n-fpsS
]nXm-tfm ktlm-Z-c-tfm hnizm-k-n-\p-ta \ntj[w C-s-Sp--h-cm-sW-n
\nfhsc B-an-{X--fmbn sXsc-s-Sp--cp-Xv. \nfn Bsc-nepw Ahsc sXscs-Sp-m, Atm Aq Xs-bmWv A{I-anI.
]c-aI
- m-cp-Wn-Is CjvSZ- m-kam If-fk
- myw hln-p-Ib
- n-sv ^pJm: 72
]d-n-p-v. kz-n-s\-Xn-cm-tbm, amXm-]n-Xm-s-Xn-cm-tbm, IpSpw-_a
- n-{Xm-Zn-IsXn-cmtbm BsW-nepw icn Amlp ImWp-p-v, Ay-Zn-\-n tIhnI-fpw ImgvNI-fpw sXmen-Ifpw ssIIm-ep-Ifpsamw Xs Am-lp-hns apn bYmw {]Xn-ên-n-p-sa t_m[-n \oXn-]m-enpIbpw, ap-h
- t- cmSv \oXn Iev]npIbpw thWw.
Am-lp-hns\ ad-p-sImv {]am-Wn-am-cn\nv Fs-nepw e`n-p-Xn\p-thn AhcpsS ]w-tN-cpI, As-n Hcm {]am-Wn-bm-Wv, Atm Abmv Ipd-v -\w
hmepw Xc- t - S n, asm- c m Zcn- { Z- \ m- W v , Ah- Cm- h\mb- X p- s Im- t
asmcmfpsS Ah-Im-i-sa-Sp--Xv Fsm-ap \b-n s]cp-am-dcpXv. adnv Amlp
\n-bn ]cn-[n-I ]men-p-sImmWv an-S-bnepw ap BfpIn-S-bnepw \oXnbn hn-tXv. hmp-I hf-sm-Snp kwkm-cnpw kmyw ad-p-shpw \oXn]m-en-m-Xn-cn-cpXv. \_n (k) ]Tnnp: kmn-I fn Ghpw D-a, tNmZn-p-Xn-\p-appXs B kmyw sImp-h-cp--h\-m-Wv.
Fm-h-cp-sSbpw I-tcJ Ah-c-h hln-p-p-v (Ckvdm-Av: 13-14) Fpw, Ahc-h-cpsS {]h-\--sfmw Amlp t\cs \n-bnv Hcp {K-n tcJ-sSpnshn-p-apv Fp t_m[-n PohnXw \bn--W-sa-mWv kqw ]Tn-n-p-Xv. Am-lp-hn\nv BIm-i-`q-an-I-fn-se-hn-sSbpw Hpw ad-p-\np-n; Ahs
apn Pohn-X-ns Hmtcm \nan-js-p-dnpw Hcp-\m Dcw ]dtb-n-hcpsa
t_m[-n \ne-sIm--W-w. Alv: 90, \nbw Amlp \oXn-sImpw
ClvkmsImpw (A-m-lp-hns\ Ip-sImv Ncn-W
- s
- a-pw) Iev]n-n-p-sv ]dbpp. amCZ: 8, Hm hnizm-kn-Itf, \n Am-lp-hn-s\ kmy-s-Sp-n-smv
\oXn-p-thn Iev]n-p--h-cm-hp-I, Hcp-P-\-X-tbm-Sp hntZzjw Ah-tcmSv \oXn-]m-enm-Xn-cn--hw \nsf {`mp-]n-Sn-n-m-Xn-cn--s. \n \oXn-]m-en-p-I,
AXmWv `b-`-n-tbmSv Ghpw ASp-Xv. \n Am-lp-hns\ kqn-p-I, \nbw
Amlp \n-fpsS {]h-\
- s
- fmw t\cs Xocp-am-\n-np-Xpw hebw sNbvXh\pam-Ip-p. amCZ: 42- Amlp ]d-bpp: \o Ahn-S-bn \oXn-sImv Xocp-am\w
Iev]n-pI. \nbw Amlp \oXn-am-msc C-s-Sp-tm (amCZ: 54 Iqn-hm-bn-pI). _Jd: 177,234,255, 283-286 Ben-Cw-dm: 5,25,30 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
468
Jp- B - \ ns Bmhv
136. Hm hnizm-kn-It- f, \n Am-lp-hns\smpw Ahs ZqX-s\smpw

Ahs ZqX\v Ah-X-cn-n-n-p thZn-epw AXn\papv A-h-X-cn-n-np thZ-nepw hniz-kn-p-hn. Bsc-nepw Am-lp-hn-s\bpw Ahs
ae-p-I-sf-bpw Ahs thZ--sf-bpw Ahs ZqXam-scbpw Ay-Zn\sbpw \ntj-[n-p-thm, Atm \nbw Ah kXy-amK-n\nv ]n-gv hf-sc-Zqcw AI-p-t]mbngn-n-cn-p-p.
Cu kq-n hnizm-kn-Isf hnfn-mWv hopw hniz-kn-m Bh-iy-s-Sp-
Xv. AXm-bXv hnizm-kn-I-fm-sW--h-Im-i-s-m t]mcm, Jp-B\ns Bi-b-w aptJ\
B hnizm-k-n ZrV-t_m[yw hcp--Ww. Am-lp-hnepw Ahs ZqX-\nepw hnizknp-hn F ]d--Xv, adnv Am-lp-hn-s\-smpw Ahs ZqX-s\smpw hnizkn-p-hn FmWv ]dnp--Xv. Jp-B-\nse 6236 kq- kan-p Amlp-hn hniz-kn-pI FmWv AXns B-ibw. Pmknb: 20, Cu Jp-B a\p-jyv sam-ap _kzm-C (Dm-gvN-Zm-b-Iw) B-Wv, (Am-lp-hn-s\, ]nim-Nn-s\, Ahc-h-cpsS Bm-hv, ico-cw, Fhn-sS-bmWv BZyw krjvSn-s-Xv, Fn-\mWv `qan-bnte-b-Xv, FmWv Pohn-X-e-yw, Fm-Wv -Dd-w, FmWv ac-Ww, Fm-Wv D-dhpw ac-Whpw Xn-ep hyXym-kw, FmWv Jp-B, Fn-\mWv Jp-B, FpsImv Jp-B D]-tbm-K-s-Sp--Ww, FmWv \c-Iw\c-I-nse inm-I-tTm-c-,
FmWv kzKwkzK-nse A\p-{K-l-m-\p-`q-Xn-I, hnNm-c-Wm-Zn-h-kw, {]hm-N-IamcpsS Pohn-X-co-Xn-I, ae-p-I, Pnp-I, Ah-c-h-cpsS Ccn-nSw \c-I-n-em-tWm
kzKn-emtWm XpSnb Imcy-sfmw Bm-hn\v ImWn-p-sIm-Sp-p-X
- mWv "_kzmC') ZrV-t_m-[y-ap P\-X-Xv kamKhpw Imcp-Wy-hp-am-Ip-p Fp-]-d-np-v.
kPZ: 12, Cu {`mam- (ap\m-^n-Jp-I-fpw, ^mPn-dp-Ifpw) X-fpsS dns apn
Xe-Ip-\n-p-sImv Iog-Sn \np cwKw {]hmNIm \osb-m\pw ImWp-I-bm-sWn! Ah ]d-bpw: R-fpsS \mYm R icnpw Ip, tIpIbpw sNbvXp (\c-Is Ip-sImv icnpw IpapIv: 7, AIm-kp: 67 t\mpI) Atm
Rsf \o kI- sNp--Xn\p-thn sFlnI-tem-I-tv Hp-IqSn Xncn-b-mepw. \nbw R ZrV-t_m-[y-ap--h-cm-bn-cn-p-p Fp-]-d-n-p-v.
(ABw: 26-27, AAvdm^v: 53, apAvan: 11 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). ]c-tem-I-p-sN-nv ZrVt_m[yw hcpn-bn-p-Im-cy-an-, Chn-sS-\nv Xs ZrV-t_m[yw hcp-m-\mWv hnizmkn-I-tfmSv Amlp Iev]n-p--Xv.
Awev: 82, Ah-km-\-\m-fn\papv `qan-bn\nv Amlp Hcp -ar-Ks ]pd-sSp-hn-p-Ibpw, AXv P\--tfmSv: "\nbw a\p-jy \psS kq--fn ZrV-t_m-[y-apf-f-h-c-'- Fp]d-bp-Ibpw sNpsav ]d-np-v. AYhm Jp-B-\n hniz-knp
Fp-]-d--XpsImv Imcy-ambn-, ZrVt_m[yw hcp--Wsav kmcw (Awev: 8385
Iqn-hm-bn-pI). Adqw: 60, Amlp \_n-tbmSpw hnizm-kn-I-tfmSpw Iev]n-p-p:
AXpsImv \o an-p-I, \nbw Am-lp-hns hmKvZw kXy-ambn ]pe-cp--Xm
Wv. Atm ZrV-t_m-[y-an-m--h \ns Zp_e\m-m-Xn-cn--s (Adqw: 56-59
Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). lnPv: 99, -D-d-p-h-cp--Xp-hsc (a-cWw hcp--Xp-h-sc) \o Am-lphn\p thn Pohn-p-I Fpw(lnPv: 91-98 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I), AlmJ: 51-, \nbw
Cu Jp-B Dd-p-e-`n-p kXyw Xs-bmWv Fpw -]-d-n-p-v. _Jd: 34,208210,
An-km-Av (4)
469

137. \nbw hnizkn-p-I-bpw, ]ns \ntj-[n-p-Ibpw ]ns hniz-kn-p-Ibpw, ]ns \ntj-[n-p-I-bpw ]ns \ntj-[-n h\hphcn-Ibpw
(\n-tj-[-n Bp-t]m-hp-I-bpw) sNbvX-h-cp--tm, Ahv A-mlp
Hcn-epw s]mdp-p-sIm-Sp-p-It- bm, Ahsc t\h-gnbn-tev amKZi\w
sNp-Itbm C.
138. \n-bw, Ccw I]-S-hn-izm-knIv thZ-\m-P-\-I-amb in-bp-sv
"ktm-jhm'- Adn-bn-p-I.
139. hnizm-kn-Isf Hgn-hm-n-smv kXy-\n-tj-[n-Isf X-fpsS an{X--fmbn
kzoIcn-h-cm-W-h. Ah (ap-\m-^n-Jp-I) Im^n-dp-I-fpsS ASp-mtWm
Apw {]Xm-]hpw At\z-jn-p--Xv? Fm \nbw Apw {]Xm]-hp-w apgp-h Am-lp-hn\p-Xm-Ip-p.
^mkn-Jmb (sX-m-Sn-I-fm-b) Hcp -P-\-Xsb Amlp kamK-n-tev \bn-pI-bn-sv kz^v^v: 5epw, ap\m-^n-Jp-I Xs-bmWp ^mkn-Josfv Xu_: 67epw
]d-n-p-v. Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-amWv Cuam (hn-izm-kw) hn-n-m-\p D]-I-cW-sav A^m: 24epw, Jp-B Bi-b-a-dnv aqSn-sh-p-, hf-sm-Sn-p I]-Shn-izm-kn-Iv Jp-B amen-\y-n-\p-ta amen-\y-a
- msX hn-n-p-Ib
- n-sv Xu_:
125-epw ]d-n-p-v. Xu_: 95-, \nbw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I amen-\y-am-Wv, Ah
km-Zn-p-sIm-n-cp-X
- ns {]Xn-ê
- a
- mbn Ah-cpsS ktXw \c-I
- pWvThp-amWv, AXpsImv hnizmkn-I Ah-sc shSn-tb--XmWv Fpw, 96-, Ah \nsf kvt\lnp-p-sv Am-lp-hn- BW-bn-p-sImv ]d-bpw. C\n \n Ahsc kvt\lnmepw, \nbw Amlp sXm-Sn-I-fmb Hcp P\-Xsb kvt\ln-p-I-bnXs Fpw
]d-n-p-v. \_Av: 2122 kq-fn ey-t_m[w \jvS-s-Spn XmKq-n-\-Sn-as--hv "Plw' ]mn-S-am-bnv Hcp-n-sh-n-p-s-pw, 23, AXn-e-h Imem-Imew
kl-hk
- n-p-sapw, 24-25, AXn-eh
- Npp-s]m-p Xnf-s
- h-h
- pw, No-ehpamsX
XWp-tm ]m\o-btam BkzZnp-I-bn-spw, 26, CsXmw Ah-cpsS km-Zyp ]q-{]-Xn-^-e-am-sW-pw, 27 \n-b-a-h hnNm-cW {]Xo-n-m--hcm-bn-cp-p F-pw, 28, Ah \psS kq-sf ASn-Sn Xn--dp If-hm-p-h-cm-bn-cp-p F-pw, 29, Fm Ahs Fm-Im-cy-fpw \mw Hcp{K-n
tcJ-s-Spnshn-p-v Fpw, 30 Atm \n km-Zn-Xv cpNn-p-I, \nv
\mw in-b-msX hn-n-p-I-bn Fpw ]d-n-p-v. amCZ: 57, Hm hnizm-knItf, X-fpsS Pohn-Xs Ifnbpw Xam-i-bp-ambn FSp-p, \npapv thZw
\I-s--h-scbpw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-sfbpw \n- an{X-fpw c-I-cp-ambn sXsc-sSp-cp-Xv\n hnizm-kn-I-fm-sW-n Fp-]-d-n-p-v.
Cv hnizm-kn-I-fpsSqsS bYm -Zn-h-k-n t\mpw s]cp-mfpw sImp-\S-msX, sFIyhpw {]Xm-]hpwtXSn, Jp-B\ns Bibw aqSn-shv t\-h-gn-]m-SpIfpw Jpdm-^m-p-Ifpw sImp\-S-p--h-tcm-sSm--amWv I]-S-hn-izmkn-I \ne-sImp-sXv ImWmw. ap\m-^nJq: 8 Amlp ]d-bp-p: Am-lp-hn\pw Ahs
470
Jp- B - \ ns Bmhv
{]hm-N-I\pw hnizm-kn-Ip-amWv {]Xm-]hpw in-bp-ap--Xv, Fm \nbw ap\m^n-Jp-I AXv -a-\-n-em-p-n-. hnizm-kn-I Am-lp-hn-emWv A`bwtXSp-I, Fm
ap\m-^n-Jp-I Am-lp-hns\ ad--h-cpw, a\p-jy-n-im-Np--fp-am-Wv. bq\p-kv: 65, \nb-ambpw {]Xm-]hpw in-bp-samw Am-lp-hns ]emWv, Ah-s\mw tIp-h\pw Adn-bp--h-\p-atm Fp-]-d-n-cn-p-p. hnizm-kn-I {]Xm-]hpw inbpw
At\z-jn-pI Am-lp-hn-em-Wv, Fm I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I Ahs krnI-fn-epamWv
(`q-cn-]-n){]Xm]w At\z-jnpI. Bsc-nepw {]Xm]w At\z-jn-p-p-s-n
{]Xm]w apgp-h Am-lp-hn--em-Wp--Xv Fv ^mXzn: 10epw ]d-bp-p. (amCZ: 47,49,
Xu_: 24,53,55,80,85, ap\m-^n-Jq: 3,6 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 620, 26-27,99,174-176, BenCw-dm: 28,86-91,106108, An-km-Av: 91 t\mpI.
140. \nbw Amlp Cu {K-n \nv Ah-X-cn-n-n-p--Xm-Wtm
AXm-b-Xv, Am-lp-hns kq- \ntj-[n-p-Ibpw (aqSn-sh-pIbpw)
]cn-l-kn-pIbpw sNp-Xv \n tIm Ah ap-h-am-\fn
Gs-Sp--Xp-hsc \n-f-h-tcm-sSm--an-cn--cp-sX-v. As\ \n-sf-m\p-an-cp-m \nbw \nfpw Ah-sctmses-bm-Ip-p. \nbw
I]-S-hn-izmkn-I-sf-bpw, kXy-\n-tj[nI-sfbpw apgp-h Amlp \c-Ip
WvTn Hcp-an-p-Iq-pIXs -sN-pw.
CXn\papv a-bn Ah-X-cn-n-p ABw: 68 Amlp ]d-bp-p: \psS
kq-sf ]cn-l-kn-p- Hcp-hn-`mKw P\-Xsb \o Im, Ah asmcp kwkm-cn Gs-Sp--Xp-hsc Ah-cn\nv ]nn-cn-bp-I. C\n ssim \ns ad-n-pI-bm-sW-n Hm-h--Xn\ptijw B{I-an-I-fmb B P\-X-tbm-sSmw \o Ccn-pIbpacpXv. Jp-B kq- Bi-b-a-dn-bmsX HmX-cp-sXv \_n (k) ]Tn-n-Xv Cu
kq--fpsS shfn--n-emWv. Jp-B HmXp-tm ]nimNv lrZ-bs AXns
Bi-b-n\nv ap -ta-J-e-I-fn-tev Xncn-phnm DS Fgp-t-p-t]m-I-W-sa-mWv
\_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p--Xv. (An-km-Av: 43 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). bmko: 70,
ABw: 36, Adqw: 52-53 kq- Ah-KW
- n-psImv acn-h
- v Jp-B
- HmXnt
n-p--e-v C-cn-m ]mSn. FmWv ]d-bp--sX--dnbm "ame-au-enZv' ]mcmbWw tIn-cn-m\pw ]mSn-. \nbw tIhn ImgvN _pn-in XpSn Fmns\pdnpw tNmZyw-sN--s-SpIXs -sN-p-sav Ckvdm-Av: 36 ]d-n-p-v.
Bmhv ]s-Sp-msX ico-cw-sImv GsXmcp {]hrn-sN-bvXmepw Ahs-Xnsc
icocw kmywhln-p-sav \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. (^pn-ev: 19-24 t\mp-I).
Jp-B\ns Bi-b-a-dn-bp I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fmb ap\m-^n-Jp-I JpXp-_- \n-ln-ptm, As-n Jp-B msk-Sp-p-tm, As-n kwL-S-\-I-fpsS hm-fmbn {]kwKnp-tm, Jp-B kq- m\w-sXn D-cn-p-I-tbm Bibw
hf-sm-Sn-p-I-tbm ]Ip-Xn- aq-Sn-sh-p-Itbm sNbvXp-sImv kwkm-cn-p-I-bm-sW-n
AhnsS \np-Itbm Ccn-p-I-tbm sNcpsX-mWv hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv Amlp Iev]np--Xv. Jp-B hf-sm-Sn-p--Xn-\v D-Zm-l-c-W- Ben-Cw-dm: 78s hni-Zo-I-cW-n t\mp-I. Cu kq-n Jp-B hf-sm-Snv kwkm-cn-p--h ap\m-^nJp-I-fpw, AXp-tI-n-cn-p km[m-c-W-m Im^ndpIfpamWv FmWv ]d--Xv.
An-km-Av (4)
471
Alvkm-_v: 13 kq--fn Amlp \_nsb hnfn-p -]-d-bpp: Am-lp-hns\

kqn-p-I, Im^n-dp-I-sfbpw ap\m-^n-Jp-I-sfbpw A\p-k-cn-m-Xn-cn-p-I, \n\v \ns
\mY\n\nv Znhy-t_m-[-\-ambn e`n-Xv ]n]-p-Ibpw, Am-lp-hn `c-tan-pIbpw sNpI, `c-tan-m Amlp Ghpw aXn-bm-b-h-\-tm. \nbw, Amlp
\n-fpsS {]h-\--sfmw he-bwsNbvX {XnIm-e-m-\n-btm! (A-lvkm-_v: 48
Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). ^pn-ev: 26-28se Im^n-dp-I I]-Sh
- n-izm-kn-If
- pw, 29se Im^ndpI
km[m-c-W-m-cp-am-Wv. Cu cp-hn-`m-Khpw AYhm ap\m-^n-Jp-Ifpw ^mPn-dp-Ifpw IqSnbXmWv {`mam (apPvcnwI). I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I Jp-B\ns Bi-b-a-dn-nv ]n]m--h-cpw, Bi-b-n-\v hn-cp--ambn hf-sm-Sn-p--h-cp-am-Wv. Fm ^mPn-dp-I
(Cu kq-n ]d Im^n-dp-I) Ccw ap\m-^n-Jp-I-fpsS kwkmcw tIncnpIbpw, Ah ]d-bp-Xv hniz-kn-v Ahsc t\Xm--fmbn sXsc-s-Sp-p--h-cp-am-Wv.
Ah X-fpsS _pn-i-n-bpw ImgvN-bpw tIhnbpw Jp-B\ns Bibw a\-n-emm D]-tbm-KsSpm--h-cp-am-Wv (AAvdm^v: 179, Ilv^v: 100-101, Xzmlm: 124-127
Iqn-hm-bn-pI). AAvdm^v: 176, cp-Iq-s
- cbpw D]-{Z-hn-mepw Cs-nepw amwhcm
\mb-tbm-Sv D-]-an-n-cn-p-p. PpapA: 5 cp-Iq--scbpw Jp-B hln-p Igp-X
tbmSpw PqXt\mSpw D]-an-pIbpw, Ccw A{I-an-I-sf Amlp kmK-n-te-v
\bn-p-I-bn Fp-]-d-bp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-pp. ^mnl: 7, "\ns tIm]w
hjnhcpsS Iq-n-e' Fp-]-d-bp-tm Ccw ap\m-^n-Jp-I-fpsS Iq-nemsbpw, "hgn-]n-g--h-cpsS amKn-ep-a' Fp-]-d-bp-tm ap\m-^n-Jp-Isf t\Xm-fmbn AwKo-I-cnp ]n]-p ^mPn-dp-I-fmb Im^n-dp-I-fpsS Iq-n-e- F-pamWv a\n Icp-tX--Xv. AsX; Am-lp-hns GIkwL-amb {]hm-N-Iam-cp-sS, kXy-k--am-cpsS, kXy-km-n-I-fp-sS, k-\--fpsS amKamWv hnizm-kn-I-fpsS amKw. Am-hc
- psS amK-sfmw ]nim-Nns amKhpw, Ah ]nim-Nns kwL-n s]hcpam-Wv (apPm-Zne: 19-22 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 24,39,99,121,166-167,254, Ben-Cw-dm: 10,
An-km-Av: 43 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
141. Ah \n-fpsS Imcy-n Imn-cn-p-h
- cm-Wv. \nv A-m-lphn
\np- Hcp hnPbw e`n-p-I-bm-sW-n- Ah ]d-bpw: Rfpw \ntfm-sSm--am-bn-cp--tmsbv. Fm kXy-\n-tj-[n-ImWv t\-ap-mb-sX-n Ah Ah-tcmSv ]d-bp-p: R \ns-Xn-cm-bn bpw
sN-m i-cm-bnpw R \nsf hnizm-knIfn\nv XS-n-t.
Atm hn[n-Zn-hkw Am-lp \nn-S-bn hn[n-Iev]n-p--Xm-Ipp.
hnizm-kn-I-fp-sS-ta hnP-bw-h-cn-p--Xn\v kXy-\n-tj[n-Iv Amlp
bmsXmcp amKhpw shn-n-.
Cv apkvenn-Sb
- n-ep hnhn[ kwL-S\
- I
- fns] I]-Sh
- n-izm-kn-If
- mb t\Xm-fp-sSbpw, \ntj-[n-I-fmb A\p-bmbnIfp-sSbpw kz`mhw CXp-X-s-bm-Wv. Jp--B\ns
samw Bibw a\p-jys-npsImSppIhgn Hmtcm-cp-cpw Ah-c-hsc Xncn--dnb am{X-amWv hKo-b-X-bpw csmcn-nepw Cm-Xm-pXn\pw, Hmtcm-cp-pw
AhchcpsS hnizm-k-a-\p-k-cnv Pohn-m-\p auen-Im-h-Imiw \ne-\np--Xn-\p-ap
GIamKw. hnizm-kn-I Amcyw \nlnp-tm \njv]cmb P\- JpB\ns\ AwKo-I-cn-p-I-bm-sW-n Cu I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I ]d-bpw: R-fpw Jp-B
472
Jp- B - \ ns Bmhv
Xs-bmWv ]d-bp--Xv, apIm-e--fn ChnsS aueqZpw dmo_pw, t\bpw hgn-]mSp-Ifpw sImp-\-S-n-cp Bf-p-I Jp-B ]d-bm A\p-h-Zn-n-cp-n-, Ctm RfpsS {]h-\wsImmWv Jp-B ]d-bm kzmX-{y-ap-m-bXv. Fm Cv
kXy-\ntj-[n-I J_ ]qP-bnepw t\bnepw hgn-]m-Snepw IqSp-X Bn-d-n-bn-cnp-I-bmWv. I]-S-hn-izm-kn-IfmI-s, t\mv, s]cp-m XpS-n-b-hbpsS Imcy-n
Ah-tcm-sSmw tNcpIbpw, t\-h-gn-]mSv aueqZv dmo_v XpS-nb ZpamK {]h\--sf hnain-p-Xv \nn-bn-cn-p-I-bpam-Wv. Ccw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I, Xu_:
6mw kqw Ah-K-Wn-v kwL-S-\-p-thn inpt]mepw A\p-h-ZnpsImv, kmapZmbnI sFIy-n\v {]m[m\yw sImSp-psImv (a-\p-jy-cpsS sFIy-n-\-) `qcn-]-
ns lpv ImWn-p--Xn\pthn Jp-B aqSn-sh-p Im^n-dp-I-sfmsSmw Hcp-ann-cn--bm-Wv. thZ-{Kw sXmSm ssl-hscbmW-h s]mXp-i-{Xp-hmbn ImWp-
Xv. Fm hnizm-kn-I ^pJm-\mb Jp-B\ns BibwsImv Hmtcm-hn-`m-Ks
- bpw
Xncn--dn-bp-I-bpw, PqXam-cpsS kz`m-hw- shp]pep- ap\m-^n-Jp-I-fm-cm-sW-pw,
An-km-Av: 91, Xu_: 123, Alvkm_v: 61 Fo aqv -kq---fn-eqsS Amlp h[nm Bh-iy-s--h-cm-cm-sWpw Xncn--dn-bp--h-cpw, Ah-tcm-sSmw Hcp-Im-cy-nepw
tbmPn-m--h-cp-am-bn-cn-pw. ^pn-ev: 26-28 ]d-bp I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fmb Im^ndp-Isfbpw, 29 ]d-bp ^mPn-dp-I-fmb Im^n-dp-I-sfbpw Xncn-dnbp-I-bpw, Ah-tcmSv
Fm hnj-b
- nepw AIv Pnhn-p-Ibpw sNp-h
- c
- mWv hnizm-kn-I. {Kw sXmSm
ssl-hpw ss{IkvX-hpw AXns Bibw ]d-p-sIm-Sp-p-Ibpw Ah-cn {]hmN-Is PohnXw kmy-s-Sp-p-Ibpw sNp--h-cmWh. hnizm-kn-I-fpsS i{Xp-
Am-lp-hn-sbpw dkq-en-sbpw i{Xp--fmb I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fm-Wv. ap\m-^n-Jp-I F{Xkw-L-_-e-ap--h-cm-sW-nepw icn, hnizm-kn-Iv Xs-bmWv An-a- hn-P-bw. \msf
]c-tem-I-p-h-cm t]mIp cwKw AAvdm^v: 4851, lZoZv: 1316 kq--fn t\mpI.
_Jd: 113, Ben-Cw-dm: 119120,159-160,175182, An-km-Av 73 t\mp-I.
142. \nbw, Cu I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I Am-lp-hns\ hnpsIm-ncn-p-p.
kXy-n Amlp Ahsc kzbw h-\-bn AI-s-Sp-n-b-Xm-Ip-p.
Ah \a-kvIm-c-n-\p-thn \np-tm Ae-kam-cm-bn, P\-sf
ImWn-mthn \np--XmWv. Ah A]w am{X-a-msX Am-lphns\ kvacn-pIbn-.
143. Ah \ntj-[nItfm-sSmw IqS-tWm, AtXm hnizm-kn-It- fm-sSmw IqStWm
F kwi-b-n NmmSn-sIm-n-cn-p-I-bm-Wv, A-Xm-bXv ]q-ambn
Cu]--p-a-, ]q-ambn adp-]--p-a-. Atm Bsc-bmtWm
Amlp hgn-]n-g-n-Xv, A-h\v t\amKw ImWn-p-sIm-Sp-p--h-\mbn
\o Bscbpw Isp-I-bn-.
Cq-tcm Aqtcm F kwi-b-n Nmm-Sn-sm-n-cn-p Ah-k-c-hm-ZnI-fmb ap\m-^n-Jp-I-fpsS kz`mhw _Jd: 616 hc-p-Im-Wn-n-p-v. Xu_ 54, Amlp- h n- s \bpw Ahs ZqX- s \bpw \ntj- [ n- p- I bpw \a- k v I m- c - n- \ v Ae- k amcmbnsmv -h-cn-I-bpw, shdp-tm-Sp-IqSn sNe-h-gn-p-Ibpw sNbvX-Xp-Im-cWw I]-S-hnizm-kn-I-fpsS \a-kvIm-c-tam, Zm\[-tfm kzoI-cn-p-I-bn-sv ]d-n-p-v. (Xu_
An-km-Av (4)
473
50-59, A amDu: 47 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I) Xzmlm: 14, Am-lp-hns kvacW (JpB\ns Bi-bw) \ne-\np--Xn-\p- th-n-bmWv \a-kvImcw \ne-\np--sXv
]d-n-p-v. Jp-B\ns Bi-b-w Adn-bp ap\m-^n-Jp-I \a-kvI-cn-p-Xv "Amlv'
Fp kvac-W-bn-msX P\-sf t_m[y-s-Sp-p--Xn\pthn-bmsWmWv Cu
kq-n ]d-bp-X
- v. Jp-B\
- ns Bi-bw-sImv hnizmkw cq]-s-Sp-msX {]m\-p-cw e`n-p-I-tbm, I- kzoI-cn--s-Sp-Itbm sNp-I-bn-sv _Jd: 186
Amlp ]Tn-n-n-cnpp. BZyw Jp-B Xnem-h-n-\pw, ]ns \a-kvIm-c-n-\pw,
]ns Zm\-[-p-amWv Jp-B-\n Fhn-sSbpw m\w \In-bn-p--Xv. (_Jd: 15, AAvdm^v: 170, A^m: 24, \wev: 84, ^mXzn: 29 Iqn-hm-bn-pI). Bmhv
]s-Sp-msX icocwsImp \a-kvIm-c-mpw t\mp-Impw ]ng-bmbnmWv
\cIpWvTw e`n-p--sXv ^pJm: 65 ]d-n-p-v. Fm ]c-tem-Iv
BZyw tNmZywsN-s-SpI \a-kvIm-c-s-p-dn-mWv Fp-]-d-v Ncy-bmbn \a-kvIcnv
]n-Wn-In-S-v, ]ng-bmbn \c-I-pWvTw hmp--h-cpw, km[m-c-W-msc B amK-ntev Wn-p--h-cp-am-Wv a\p-jy-n-im-Np--fmb ap\m-^n-Jp-I. (_Jd: 99,166-167 hniZo-I-cWw t\mp-I). Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n-\mWv Amlp ]c-a-{]-[m\w sImSp-n-p-Xv Fv AwKo-I-cn-m--h-cm-Wh. Bi-b-a-dn-bmsX\a-kvIm-c-nemsW-nepw
icnJp-B HmXp-I-h-gn, HmXn-b- Jp-B Ahs-Xnsc hmZn-p--Xpw, kmywhlnp--Xp-am-sWv \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. _Jd: 152-153, 159-161,174-176, An-km-Av:
43,4952,56,88-91,103 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
144. Hm hnizm-kn-Itf, \n hnizm-kn-Isf Hgn-hm-n-smv kXy\ntj-[nIsf \n-fpsS an{X--fmbn kzoI-cn--cp-Xv. AtXm, \n \nsXnsc Am-lp-hn\v hy-amb \ymb-apmnsmSp-m Dt-in-p-I
bmtWm?
Am-lp-hns kwL-ns] hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv, ]nim-Nns kwL-ns] I]S-hn-izm-kn-I-fmb Im^n-dp-I-sfbpw, Jp-B\ns Bibw a\-n-emn ]n]-m {ianm ^mPn-dp-I-fmb Im^n-dp-I-sfbpw an{X--fmbn sXsc-s-Sp--cp-sXpw, As\
sXsc-s-Sp-m AXv Am-lp-hns Iev]-\v hncp--amsW-pw, Ah-sc-bmWv
Amlp ITn-\-ambn inn-p-I FpamWv kqw ]d-bp--Xv (kz^v^v: 23 Iqn-hm-bnp-I). hn[n-Zn-hkw Jp-B-\ns XW-en-ep _am--sXmw ]c-kv]cw i{Xp-Xbn-em-bn-cn-psav kpKvdp^v: 67 ]d-n-p-v. Jp-B-\ns Bibw hp-In-n-bnv
D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-m--h \msf hn[n-Zn-hkw, 'Hm IjvSw! Rm Cm-en--hs\ Ban-{X-ambn sXsc-s-Sp-n-p-m-bn-cp-n-s-n F{X -\-m-bn-cp-t-s\, Jp-B\ns
Bi-b-n\nv F\n-Xv hp-In-n-b-Xn\ptijw Ah-\m-Wtm Fs XS--Xv,
ssim a\p-jy\v alm-h
- I
- Xs-bm-bn-cnp-p' Fp hne-]n-p-sav ^pJm:
29 ap-dn-bnv \Inbn-p-v. Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n \nmWv ]nimNv XS-bp-Isbv ^mnlbpsS apJ-hpcbn \nv a\-n-em-p-I. (Xu_ 17-19,24,70-72,80-,8485,
113114,127 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). epJvam: 14-15, F\npw \ns amXm-]n-Xm-pw \o
\n-{]-I-Sn-n--Ww, C\n-b-h \n\--dn-hn-m Imcy-sf Fn ]p-tNm
\ntmSv \n_-n-m \o A-hsc A\p-k-cn--cp-Xv. Fm sFln-I-tem-I-v JpB-\ns hn[n-hn-e-p-I ]men-p-sImv A-h-tcmSv kl-hn-p-I-bpw, \o Fntev
474
Jp- B - \ ns Bmhv
Xncn-h-cpsS amKw ]n]-p-Ibpw sNp-I Fp]d-n-p-v. (An-km-Av: 59,63,135140

hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I).
145. \nbw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I \c-I-ns Ghpw ASn--n t]mIp--h-cmIp-p. Ahv klm-bn-I-fmbn Bscbpw \o Is-p-I-bpan-.
146. Fm ]m--]np aS-p-I-bpw, X-fpsS {]hrn-I \m-nop-Ibpw, Am-lp-hns\ apdp-sI-n-Sn-p-Ibpw, PohnXw apgp-h Amlp-hn\v thn-am{Xamp-Ibpw sNbvXh-scm-gn-v. Aq- hnizm-kn-IfpsS
IqsS-bm-Ip-p. hnizm-kn-Iv A-mlp al-m-b- {]-Xn-êw \IpI
Xs-sN-pw.
147. Am-lp-hn\v \nsf shdpsX inn-n-s-p-Im-cyw? \n \n-bp--h
cpw hniz-knp-Ibpam-sW-n, Amlp \n-{]I-S-\s hne-a-Xn-p
k--m\n Xs-btm.
Ign-p-t]m-bXpw, \ne-hn-ep--Xpw, hcmt]m-Ip--Xp-amb Fm-Im-cy-fpw hniZo-I-cn-n-p Jp-B\ns Bi-bw A-dn-nv aqSn-sh-p-Ibpw, Xpem-kmb, ^pJm-\mb Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n\nv a\p-jysc -X-S-bp-Ibpw sNbvXXv ImcWw I]-S-hnizmkn-I hnNm-c-W-bn-msX \c-I-n t]mIp--h-cm-Wv (_Jd: 99,174-176 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I). Aqd: 17mw kq-a-\p-k-cnv Ah-c-h-cpsS I- Chn-sS
shpXs Xqn-t\m-m-\p Xpem-km-Wv bYm-n Jp-B (l-Zo-Zv: 25
t\mpI). Ckvdm-Av: 13-14 A\p-k-cnv Ah-c-h-cpsS hnNm-cW Ah-c-hs Chn-sSshv Jp-B- D]-tbm-Knv \S-t--Xm-Wv. \lv: 64, P\- `nn-n-p hnjb-n hn[n-Iev]n-m-\mWv Jp-B- \n\v Ah-X-cn-n-n-p-Xv Fp-]-d-n-p-v.
Atm Fmw Adnnv C_veokns\ t]mepw Ih-p-sh-p [nm-c-amWv a\p-jyn-im-Np--fmb Ccw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I- ImWn-p--Xv. Ah Am-lp-hns Zo\ns\
If-hm-p-I-bpw, hnIr-X-am-p-I-bpamWv sNp--Xv. ^pn-ev: 26-28, Am-lp-hns
i{Xp--fmb Chv imiz-X-ambn \c-I-n Xma-k-ap-s-pw, AX-h Am-lp-hns
kq--tfmSv hntcm-[w-shv Xn-p-sImn-cp--Xn-\m-em-sWpw ]d-n-p-v.
(AAvdm^v: 5051 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
Jp-B\ns Bibw hp-In-n-bX
- n\ptijw AXp- a-\
- n-em-m Amlp \Inb
_pn-in Ins ImgvN tIhn- Chsbm-pw D-]-tbm-Kn-m ^mPn-dp-I-fmb Im^ndp-Isf (kp-a: 32, AAvdm^v: 179 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I) kpa: 71 {]Imcw hnNm-c-W-p-tijamWv Iqw-Iqambn \c-I-n-tev sXfnpI. \c-I-ns GhpaSn--n ap\m-^nJp-Ifpw AXn-\p-aosX A{I-an-I-fpw- A-Xn-\p-aosX Im^n-dp-Ifpambn-cn-pw. Ccw ^mPndp-I-fmb Im^n-dp-I \c-I-n Ah-cpsS inm-Imew Ign-p-Iq-n-b-Xn-\p-tijw kzKn- e p hnizm- k n- I - f psS ip]mi{]- I mcw (k_- A v : 23, Jm^v : 35 t\mp- I )
kzKntev {]th-in-n-sSmsa-n-epw, A{I-an-Ifpw ap\m-^n-Jp-I-fpw \c-I-n
Fspw imiz-X-cmbn Ign-p-Iq-tS--h-cm-Wv. Ahn-Sps Hcp-Zn\w sFln-I-tem-I
nse A-Xn-\m-bncw hj-v Xpey-am-Wv (Aa-B-cnPv: 4 t\m-pI). \c-Ihpw
kzKhp-samw Ah-c-h- Cl-tem-Iv km-Zn-p--Xm-Wv. (Ben-Cw-dm: 136,182 hni-
An-km-Av (4)
475
Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I) kzKn-tev hnNm-c-W-bn-msX t]mIp--h-cmWv "km_n-Jo' (apI-S--h). kzKn-tev hnNm-c-W-p-tijw sXfn--s-Sp--h-cmWv "heXp-]--m'. Ahv \_n (k) sNv kzK-ns hmXn Xpd-p-sIm-Sp-t--Xpv (kpa: 7374 t\mp-I). Fm Im^n-dp-Iv \c-I-n-s (kpa: 71) hmXn-ep
I AXn-s- ASps-ptXmSp-IqSns Xpd-spIgn-n-cn-pw. hnNm-c-WbnmsX kzKn-tev t]mIp--hv AXns hmXn-ep-I Xpd-pInS-pIbmsWv
kzmZv: 50epw ]d-n-p-v. ap\m-^n-Jq: 4 Amlphnsbpw hnizmkn-I-fp-sSbpw
i{Xp-f
- m-b, Amlp sImp-If
- , bq\pkv 33, C\n hniz-kn-p- I-bnmsbv ]d,
An-km-Av: 91, Xu_: 123, Alvkm_v: 61 XpS-nb kq--fn hnizm-kn-I-fpsS
kwL-tmSv h[n-m ]d Cu ap\m-^n-Jp-I km[m-c-W-\n-e-bn sXp-a-\-nemn ]m--]np aS-p-I-bn-. Ccw ap\m-^n-Jp-ItfmSv Xu_: 73, ^pJm: 52
kq-{]Imcw A[n-I-cn PnlmZv \S-m-\mWv hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv Iev]n-n-p--Xv.
AAvdm^v: 176 Chsc D]-{Z-hn-mepw Cs-nepw amwhcm ]n-tbmSpw, PpapA:
5 Ahsc IgpXtbmSpw PqX-t\mSpw D]-an-n-p-v. Ah Pnp-]n-im-Np--tf-m \cI-n BZyw {]th-inv \c-I-ns ASn--n t]mIp--h-cmWv Fsmw hnizmkn-I Ah-tcmSv t\cn-pXs ]dbpI-hgn Ahv t_mt[m-Z-b-ap-mbn Fmw Amlp-hn-t\m-tSp ]d-bp-Ibpw, P\--tfmSv aqSn-sh-Xv shfn-hm-p-I-bpw, injvS-ap PohnXw
Jp-B ]Tn-n-p-sIm-pw, ]n]-n-sImpw km_n-Jo--fmb hnizm-kn-I-fpsS amKw
]np-S-cp-I-bpam-sW-n Ah hnizm-kn-I-tfm-sSmw hnNm-c-W-p-tijw kzK-n
{]th-in-p--Xm-Wv. (Ben-Cw-dm: 77-78,81-82,91,187 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI).
"Am-lp-hns\ apdp-sI-n-Sn-pI' Fm Jp-B\
- ns samw Bi-b
- n Amlp-hns\ Ip-sImv Amlp-hns kvac-Wb
- n \ne-sIm-p-Ibpw (B-en-Cw-dm: 101103)
Jp-B-\ns hn[n-hn-e-p-I ]n]-p-I-bp-am-Wv. AsX, Jp-BsImv P\-v
Am-lp-hn-s\ ]cnNb-s-Sp-p-I-bm-W-Xv. AXpXs-bmWv \n-fn-te-hpw D-a
Jp-B ]Tn-p-I-bpw, ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNp--h-\m-sWv \_n (k) ]Tn-nXns
s]mcp-fpw. Xu_: 100, km_n-Jo--fmb aplm-Pn-dp-I-sfbpw, Akm-dp-Isfbpw, Ahsc
Ghpw \- X psImv ]n]- n- b - h scbpw Amlp Xr]v X n- s - n- c n- p- p, Ah-
Amlphns\bpw Xr]vXn-s-n-cn-p-p Fp]d-n-p-v. "Ghpw \-XpsImv'
Fp]d-Xv Jp-BsImmWv. (dAvZv: 28, kpa: 18,55, ^pn-ev: 34-35, A^Pv:
27-30 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Amlp \n-{]I-S-\s hne-a-Xn-ph\mWv (A-n-km-Av:
132 t\mp-I) Fp]d-m krn-Iv cm-semcp amKw sXsc-s-Sp-m-\p
kzmX{yw Amlp \In-bn-pv (Ckm: 3, _eZv: 10, Awkv: 710). Atm
krn-I {km-hns\ Xncn--dnv hniz-kn-p-Ibpw, hnizmkw {]I-Sn-nv \n-{]-I-Snn-p-I-bp-am-sW-n Amlp AXv hn-e-a-Xnv {]Xn-êw \Ip-sa-m-Wv. (^mnl:
4, _Jd: 67,27,99,146-148,152, An-km-Av: 46,137-140 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I).
148. Bsc-nepw A{I-ansm-sem-gnsI No-hm-p-I Dd-s-]-dbp-Xpw,
]c-ky-am-p-Xpw Amlp CjvS-s-Sp-n-. Amlp Fmw- tIp
k-m-\n- Xsbtm.
{XnIm-e-m-\n-bmb Amlp {]]--n \S-p--sXmw t\cs \n-bnp
476
Jp- B - \ ns Bmhv
tcJ-s-Spn shn-p-s t_m[-tm-sS-bm-bn-cn-Ww Fm-bvtmgpw hnizm-kn-I

s]cp-am-td--Xv. Fm A{I-an-I-tfmSpw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-tfmSpw kuay-ambn s]cp-amdm ]mSn-. AXv A-hsc IqSp-X A{I-a-n-te-pw, Im]-Sy-n-te-p-amWv \bn-pI.
Atm A{I-an-I-fpsS kz`mhw P\-tfmSv shfn-hm-pI Xs-th-Ww. DZm-l-c-Wambn Hcm ]Ww ISwhmn Xncn-p-X-cm Ign-hp-m-bnpw Xncn-p-X-cm-Xn-cn-p-I-bmsW-n AXp Dd-s- ]-d-bp-Ibpw ap--h Ahs sIWn-bn s]Sm-Xn-cn-mthn
]c-ky-s-Sp-p-Ibpw sNt--Xm-Wv. (Xu_: 73, ^Xlv: 29, Alv: 126-128 Iqn-hmbn-pI). _Jd: 254, Ben-Cw-dm: 119,159, An-km-Av: 63 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
149. \nsfmcp \- sh-fn-hm-p-I-tbm As-n AXv -tKm]yamnshp-I
tbm AXpas-n Hcp No-Im-cy-w \
- n hnSp-Xn-sN-p-Itbm sNbvXm,
Atm \n-bw Amlp Gsd hnSp-Xn-sN-p--h\pw Fm-n\pw Ignhp
k-i-\pw Xs-b-tm.
\- ]c-ky-ambpw cl-ky-ambpw sN-m-\mWv kqw t{]cn-n-p--Xv. Xn-sbsXmv hnSp-Xn-sN-m\pw AXv {]N-cn-n-m-Xn-cn-m\pw {ian--Ww. Ghpw henb \
Jp-B\ns Bi-b-am-Wv. AXv Inn-bnv kzbw D]-tbm-Kn-mXncn-p-Ibpw ap--hv
D]-tbm-Kn-m \Im-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNbvXm Ah-tcmSv Amlp {]Xn-Imcw sNpsav kPZ: 22 ]d-n-p-v. (_Jd: 121,186,284, Ben-Cw-dm: 4,133-136, An-km-Av:
131133 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I).
150. \n-bw Am-lp-hn-s\bpw Ahs ZqXam-scbpw \ntj-[n-p-h
- , Amlp-hn-sbpw Ahs ZqXam-cp-sSbpw CS-bn hyXymkw Iev]n-p-h,
R Nne-cn hniz-kn-p-p Nnesc \ntj-[n-pp Fp]dbp--h,
(A-Xp-t]mse) \ntj-[-n\pw hnizm-k-n-\p-an-S-bnep Hcp-amKw kzoIcn-m-\p-t-in-p-Ibpw sNp-h.
151. Aq-
- Xs-bm-Ipp bYm-nep kXy-\n-tj-[n-I, Ccw kXy\n-tj-[n-Iv \mw AXn-\n-y-amb in Hcp-n-shpIbpw sNbvXnpv.
kXyadnv AXv \n-tj-[n--h-cmWv kXy-\n-tj-[n-I. AYhm, kXy-amb
Jp-B Inn-bnv aqSn-sh-p--h-cmWv Im^n. (1). Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n \np
Am-lp-hn-s\bpw Ahs ZqXam-scbpw a\-n-em-m--hcpw, Jp-B aqSn-sh-p-
hcpw Im^n-dm-Wv. (2). Am-lp-hn-sbpw Ahs ZqXam-cp-sS-bp-an-S-bn hyXymkw
Iev]n-p--hcpw, Am-lp-hn hniz-kn-v ZqXam-cn hniz-kn-m-hcpw, Jp-B-\n
hniz- k n- v Jp- B \ns hni- Z o- I - c - W - a mb \_nhN- \ - - f n hniz- k n- mhcpw
(DZm:Alvep Jp-B\ns Bfp-I) Im^n-dp-I-fm-Wv. Fm a\p-jy-scbpw kzKn krnv Jp-B-\ns Bibw ]Tn-nnp-sv Adlvam: 14-epw, \nbw
Jp-B t{ImUo-I-cn-- \psS _m[y-X-bmWv, Atm AXv t{ImUo-I-cnv \n\v
]mcm-bWw sNbvXp-X-m B ]mcm-bWcoXn-bmWv \o ]n]-t--Xv, ]ns AXns\
\n\v hni-Zo-I-cn-pXcepw \psS _m[y-X-bmWv Fv Jnbma: 16-19 kq--fnepw
Amlp ]dn-p-v. Amlp Jp-B hni-Zo-I-cnv Xn-p-Xv \_n-bpsS Pohn-Xn-eq-sS- B-bX
- n-\m \_n hN-\
- FSp-m-Xn-cn-p-h
- Im^n-dp-If
- m-Wv (A-nkmAv:
An-km-Av (4)
477
87 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. (3). Am-lp-hns ZqXam-cn Nne-cn hniz-kn-p-Ibpw,

Nnecn hniz-kn-m-Xn-cn-pIbpw sNp--h Im^n-dm-Wv (_Jd: 136,285, Ben-Cw-dm:
84 t\mpI). (4). Jp-B kq-fn Nne-sXSp-p-Ibpw, NneXv Xf-fn--d-bp Ibpw
sNp--h Im^n-dp-I-fm-Wv (_Jd: 85,121 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). AXp-t]mse samw
Jp-B\ns Bibw ]n]-msX a-bn Ah-X-cn-s-sX-Sp-p-Ibpw aZo-\-bn AhX-cn--sX-Sp-m-Xn-cn-pIbpw sNphcpw Im^n-dpI-fm-Wv(_Jd: 159-161 t\mpI). (5).
Am- l p- h ns GI- k wL- ns]SmsX hnhn[ kwL- S - \ - I - f ns]v apiv c np- I fmbno-h-scmw Im^n-dp-I-fm-Wv. (_Jd: 174176,254, Ben-Cw-dm: 10,90-91, AnkmAv: 136-140 t\mpI).
Chcn \ntj-[n IqSp-X Bp-t]mbh-cmWv Ip^v^m-dp-I. Xu_: 123,
amCZ: 36, kpa: 47, bq\p-kv: 54 kq--fn Chv A-y-\m-fnse in-bn\nv,
`qan-bn-ep k-kzhpw A{X-th-sdbpw e`nv ]Icw \In-bmepw kzoI-cn-p-I-bn-
Fp]d-n-p-v. Hcp- kq--n "Ip^v^m-' Fpam{Xw ]d-bp-I-bm-sW-n AXn
fzmen-ao--fpw, ap\m-^n-Jp-Ifpw s]Sp--Xm-Wv. kpa: 47se t]mse fzmen-ans\pdn-pam{Xw ]d-bp-I-bm-sW-n AXn ap\m-^n-Jp-Ifpw s]Sp--Xm-Wv. Xu_: 73, Alvcow:
9 kq--fn Ip^v^m-dp-I-sfbpw ap\m-^n-Jp-I-sfbpw ]d-n-p-v, Acw kq-
fn Ip^v^m-dp-I fzmen-ao--fm-Wv. ap\m-^n-Jp-I-fmb Hcp-P-\-X-b-msX \in-n--s-Sptam-sbv AlvJm^v 35epw, fzmen-ao--fmb Hcp-P-\-X-b-msX \in-n--s-Sp-tam-sbv
A-Bw: 47epw Amlp tNmZn-p-p-v. Atm samw P\Xbn Hcp hnizm-knt]mepan-msX Fm-hcpw fzmenaotfm (A-{I-an-I-tfm) ^mkn-Jo-tfm (I]-S-hn-iz-knI-fmb ap\m-^n-Jp-I) BIp-tm-gmWv temI-a-h-km-\n-p-I. "Aq- Xs-bmWv
bYm-n-ep Im^n-dpIsfv' Jp-B-\n Chn-sS-am-{Xta ]d-n-p-q. Fm
"Aq- Xs-bmWv bYm-n-ep hnizm-kn-I-sfv' A^m: 4,74 Fo cv
kq--fn ]d-n-p-v.
152. BcmtWm Am-lp-hnepw Ahs ZqXam-cnepw hniz-kn-p-Ib
- pw, Ahcn
Bn-S-bnepw bmsXmcp hyXymkhpw Iev]n-mXn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-Xv,
Aq-v \mw Ah-cptSXmb {]Xn-êw \IpIXs- sNp--Xm-Wv,
Amlp Gsd s]mdp-p-- ImcpWyhm Xs-b-tm.
Ahmn-S-bnepw Hcp -hy-Xym-khpw Iev]n-m-Xn-cn-pI Fp]d-m, Amlphpw Fm-{]-hm-N-Iamcpw hnizm-kn-Ifpw tNXmWv Am-lp-hns kwLwB
kwL-n s]S-W-sa-w. Ah-cp-tS-Xmb {]Xn-êw Fp-]-d-m, Ah-c-h
ChnsS km-Zn--Xn-\p {]Xn-^-e-w FmWv Aw. (_Jd: 132-136, 285, Ben-Cwdm: 19,85, An-km-Av: 136 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI).
153. {]hm-NIm, \o Ahv BImi-p-\nv Hcp {Kw Cd-n sImSp--Wsav thZ-m \ntmSv tNmZn-p-p-sh-n, \nbw Ah app aqkmtbmSv CXn-t\-m henb tNmZy- tNmZn-n-p-v. \o Rv A-mlp-hns\ {]Xy--n ImWn-p-X-c-W-sa-v Ah Atl-tmSp ]d-p.
Atm Ah-cpsS [nmcw ImcWw s]shsc CSn-\mZw ]nSn-IqSn Ah
478
Jp- B - \ ns Bmhv
t_m[-c-ln-X-cmbnhoWp. ]noSv A-h hy-amb sXfn-hp-I hp-In-nb-Xn-\p-ti-jhpw ]ip-p-nsb Cem-lmbn kzoI-cnp. Fm \mw A-hscsmv AXpw hnSpXnsNbvXp, aqkmv \mw hy-amb \ymb-{]-am-W \Ip-Ibpw sNbvXnp-v.
BIm-i-p-\nv \o Rv hmbn-m ]p-smcp {K-an-d-ncp-Xphsc

R Am-lp-hp-am-bp \ns IqSn-mgvN (C-kvdm-Av h anAvdmPv) hniz-kn-p-I-bnsv am apivcnp-I \_n (k) tbmSv ]d-bp-Xv Ckvdm-Av: 93 ]d-n-p-v.
(Ckvdm-Av: 90-94 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). ^pJm: 32, Jp-B FmWv {]hm-N-I\v H{K--ambn Hcp-anp Cd--s-Sm--sXv \ntj-[n-I tNmZn-ncp Imcyw ]d-n-p-v.
(CkvdmAv: 105-106 Iqnhm-bn-p-I). hSn- ]m-m-bn amdpI, ssI I--n- shs-Spm {]Im-in-p-I XpSn 9 Zrm-- A-mlp aqkm -\-_n-v \In-bn-p-m-bncpp. (AAvdm^v: 133, Jkzkv: 35-36 Iqn-hmbnp-I). hy-amb Cu sXfn-hp-Iv
]pdsa, aqkm- \-_n-tbmSv IS-en Xs hSn-sImv A-Snm Iev]n-p-Ibpw (ApAdmAv: 63) ISshw cp -a-e-I-sf-tmWw Cc-p`m-K-tpambn ]n-fn DW-nb-hgn (Xzmlm: 77) Dm-n-sm-Spv Ahsc c-s-Sp--Ibpw, Ah adp-I-c-bn-sen
t\mn-\ns ^n-Hu-s\bpw kwL-sbpw shw Hcp-an-p-Iqn apn-sIm-p-Ibpw
sNbvX-Xv, (bq-\pkv: 90-92). Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-Iv ko\m acp-`q-an-bn taL-ns
IpS- Nq-Sn-sm-Sp-Xv, Ahv abpw khbpw `-W-ambn \In-b-Xv, Ahsc 12
tKm{X--fm-bn-ncnpI-bpw, IpSn-m shw Bh-iy-s--tm Amlp aqkm- \_n-tbmSv Xs hSn-sImv H-cp-In ASnm Iev]np-I-bpw, AXn\nv Hmtcm
tKm{X-mpw {]tXyIw {]tXyIw shsaSp-p--Xn\pthn ]{v Dd-hp-I ]pds-Sp-hn-Xv XpSn-b hy-amb sXfn-hp-I hp-In-n-bnpw Ah, aqkm-\_n Xudmv
kzoI-cn-m t]mb \mev]Xv \mfp-InS-bn kman-cn-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-n B`-c-W-fp-cpn ]ip-p-nsb Dmn ]qPn-m XpS-n (A-Avdm^v: 148 t\mp-I). AXpw
Amlp Ahv s]mdp-p-sIm-Sp-p. aqkmv Amlp Xudmv Hcp- ^-e-I-nsegpXn-bmWv sImSp--Xv (AAvdm^v: 145,150,154 t\mp-I). Fm B Xudmp-In-n-bXn\ptijhpw Ah Amlp-hns\ I-p-sImv t\sc Im-W-W-sav Bh-iy---tm
aqkm-\_n Ah-cn\np Fgp-]Xv Bfp-Is
- fbpw Iqn Xq]-X
- n-te-v sNpIbpw,
Atm- Ahsc CSn-\mZw t]mep {]I\w ]nSn-Iq-SpIbpw Ah t_m[w-sI-p-ho-gpIbpw sNbvXp. ]ns Amlp Ahsc Pohn-n-p (AAvdm^v: 155158 t\mp-I).
^pJm: 21-23 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I.
aqkmv \ymb- { ]- a mWw sImSp- n- p- s v ]d- - X n Cu Zrm- - - f pw
Xudmpw AXns hni-Zo-I-c-W-amb ^pJm\pw Ds-Sp-p. \_n-bpsS Ime-p
PqXamcpw \ntj-[n-Ifpw t{ImUo-I-cn--s Hcp{Kw Bh-iy-s-n-cpp. Fm
Cv B {Kw apkven-fpsS hoSp-I-fn Cw-t]mse Ds-nepw, ap- k-apZm-b-m
AhcpsS {Ks Ah-KW
- n-X
- n-s\mtfsd Cu P\X Jp-B\ns\ Ah-KW
- n-pIbpw
AXn\nv lnPvd (H-fn-tm-Sp-I) t]mhp-I-bp-amWv sNp--Xv. ^pJm: 30 \msf
{]hm-N-I Cu P\-X-s-Xnsc A\ymbw t_m[n-n-p cwKw ]d-n-p-v. \_nbpsS
apn-ep thZ-ns Bfp-I-fmb As PqXam-cp-sSbpw ap\ntj-[n-I-fp-sSbpw
kz`m-h-amWv Cu kq-n hc-p-Im-Wn-p--sX-n, Cv Jp-B am{XamWv a\p-
An-km-Av (4)
479
jyv sam-ap thZ-sa-n-cns, AXns\ kzbw D]-tbm-Kn-msX ap--hv D]tbm-Kn-m \ImsX aqSn-sh-p(ABw: 26)hcmWv Poh-Pm-e--fnshv Ghpw
Xn-tb-dn-b-h-scv A^m: 22,55 kq--fn ]d-n-p-v. _Jd: 55-56,99,210211,
Ben-Cw-dm: 183, An-km-Av: 91 t\mp-I.
154. \mw Ah-cn\nv {]Xn- -hm-p--Xn-\p-thn Xq ]-Xs Ah-cpsS-ta Dbp-Ib
- p-mbn. {]W-an-p-h
- c
- m-bn-smv B \mSns hmXnep-IfneqsS {]th-in-p-sIm-pI Fv I
- ev]n-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. i\n-bmgvN
\mfns \nbaw ewLn--cp-sXpw Ah-tcmSv ]d-p. As\ \mw Ah
tcmSv _en-jvTamb {]Xn-- hmp-I-bp-ap-m-bn.
-Xudmv apdp-sIn-Sn--W-sapw, AXn-ep-Xv lrZ-bw-sImv kvacn--W-sapw
{]Xn- hm-p--Xn-\p-thn Xq ]-Xs Hcp -Ip-S-sb-tmWw Ah-cp-sS-ta
Dbn Fpw, AXv Ah-cp-sS-ta hogp-sa-h Dd-np Fpw AAvdm^v: 171 ]dn-p-v. Aam-en-p-I Xma-kn-n-cp ê-kvXo\n, s]mdp--ens\ tXSnsmpw
AXnse \nhmknItfmSv kemw ]d-p-sImpw AXns bYm Ihm-S--fn-eqsS
{]th-in-m ]d- (AAvdm^v: 161162, amCZ: 21-26 t\mpI) kw-`-h-amWnhnsS Hmann-p--Xv. i\n-bmgvN \mfns Imcy-n [nmcw ImWn--cp-sXv ]d kw`hw
_Jd: 65-66, AAvdm^v: 163166 kq--fn hni-Zo-I-cn-n-p-v. (_Jd: 58,63, Ben-Cw
dm: 81,187, An-km-Av: 21,4647 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I).
155. Atm- A-h-cpsS Bhn-p {]Xn-m-ew-L\wsImpw, Am-lphns kqtfmSp \ntj[wsImpw, A\ym-b-ambn Ah- \_n-amsc
h[n-XpsIm-pw, B {K--ns ]pdw-tXmSpXs R-fpsS lrZ-bfnep-s Ah-cpsS hmp-sImpwFm bYm-n AhcpsS
\ntj[w ImcWw Amlp Ah-cpsS lrZ-b-v B {Kw-sIms
aqSn-bn-n-cn-p-I-bm-WvAtm Ah-cn Ipd-pt]- am-{X-a-msX hniz-kn
p-I-bn.156. Ah-cpsS \ntj-[w-sImpw, adn-b-ansta Ah-cpsS hn A]-hm-Z-mtcm-]WwsImpw (A-h-cpsS lrZ-b-v ap{Z-sh-p).
157. \nbw R Am- l p- h ns {]hm- N - I - \ mb adn- b - a ns ]p{X
Cukmakolns\ h[n-p-I-fp F AhcpsS hmp-Im-c-Whpw (A-h
cpsS lrZ-b-v ap{Zshp). Fm Atls Ah sImn-n-,
Atls Ah {Iqin-n-p-an, Fm A-hv B kw-`hw Ahy-am-sSp-IbmWpm-b-Xv (A-h hnUvVn-I-fm--s-Sp-I-bm-Wp-m-bXv).
\nbw, At-l-ns Imcy-n `nn--h-cp-tm, Ahcpw At-lns Imcy-n Xocm kwi-b-n-em-Wv. Ah- tIhew Duls
]n]-p-I-b-msX (\n-K-a-\- ssIsm-p-I-b-m-sX) Ah-cpsS ]
Atlspdnv (B -kw-`-hspdnv) bmsXmc-dn-hp-an-. Ddm-bnpw
At-l-s-b-h sImn-n-.
480
Jp- B - \ ns Bmhv
158. Fm Amlp At-ls Ah-\n-te-v D-bpIbm-Wpm-b-Xv.

AmlphmIs AP--\mb bpn-m\n Xs-b-tm.
_Jd: 88, Ben-Cw-dm: 2122 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. PqXam-cpsS ASnSnbp [myhpw [nm-chpamWv Cu kq--fn hc-p-Im-Wn-p--Xv. Ah adn-bansta hy`n-Nm-c-pw Btcm-]n-p, Am-lp-hns {]hm-N-I-\mb adn-b-ans ]p{X
ako-lv Cukm(A)s\ R sImp-I-f-p Fv hon-f-n. Xu_: 30 Dssk
Am-lp-hns ]p{X-\m-sW-v A-h hnSp-hm-bw ]d--Xmbn ]d-n-p-v. Cm-cW-smv Am-lp Ahsc I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Isftmse-s i]n-p-I-bpw, Ah
cpsS lrZ-b-pw ImXp-Ipw AS-n-Sp-Ibpw, sImpIf-bp-I-bpw sNbvXp (ap\m^nJq: 3 t\mp-I). Fm Ccw PqXmsc h[n-m hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv ]d-n-n-,
t\sc-a-dnv Jp-B\ns Bibw aqSn-shpIbpw hf-sm-Sn-p-Ibpw sNbvXv AXn\v
hncp--amb Hcp PohnXw P\-a-[y-n Ah-X-cn-n-p-, PqXam-cpsS kz`m-h-t-m
[nmcnepw, Al-m-c-n-epw, ]nip-n-ep-samw Hcp-]Sn aptm-p-t]mb I]-S-hn-izmkn-I-sf-bmWv Amlp hnizm-kn-I-fpsS kwL-tmSv h[n-m Iev]n-n-pXv (Ankm-Av: 91 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). Xu_: 84 Ah-cp-sS-ta anv \-a-kvI-cn-mt\m,
Ah-cpsS J_-dn- s]mdp--ens\ tXSn-\nmt\m hnizm-kn-Iv ]mSn-sv ]dnp-v. (ABw: 25-26, Xu_: 55, 6768, Ckvdm-Av: 45-46, Ilv^v: 57, lv: 610 IqnhmbnpI). PqXam adnbans\pdnv A]-hmZw ]d-p-]-c-n-sb-n aZo-\-bnep I]-Sh
- n-izm-kn-I Bbni(d)pdnv A]-hmZw ]dp-]c
-
- p-Ib
- p-m-bn. As
PqXam-cpsS Fmkz`m-h-fpw apkvenw-I-fn\np I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Im-Wv CpsXv Jp-B _kzm-C-dmbn D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-n-bm ImWm-hp--XmWv. Ah-cmWv
Jp-BsImv a\p-jy-cpsS sFIywm-]n-Wsa Am-lp-hns Iev]-\v hncp-ambn kmap-Zm-bnI sFIy-n-\p-thn hmZn-p-Xpw {]hn-p--Xpw. "Jp-B
apdpsInSnv hnizm-kn-Itf, \n H kwL-amhpI, \n ]c-kv]cw `nn--cpXv'
F Ben-Cw-dm 103s Iev]-\v hncp--ambn, hnhn[ kwL-S-\-Ifn \npsImv
Xs apkven sFIy-s-SpIbmWv thXv hmZn-p-Xpw Ah Xs-bm-Wv.
"Ah hnUvVn-I-fm--s-Sp-I-bm-Wp-m-b-Xv' Fp]d--Xns hnh-, PqXamcpsS tat\m--n tdma]-m-f-m Cukm-\-_nsb {Iqin-mthn ]nSn-IqSm
sN-tm, tNmZyw- sN--s-Sm--h-\pw Xnw {]hn-p--h-\p-w AP--\pw
bpn\pw X{--\p-amb Amlp Cukm \_n-bpsS apJ-mb lhm-cn-bmb
km-kn\v \Ip-Ibpw, Cukmsb ico-c-tm-Sp-IqSns Ah-\n-te-v Dbp-Ibp-am-Wp-m-b-Xv FmWv. ]m-f-m Cukm-bpsS cq]kmZriy-n-ep km-kns\
]nSn-p-sIm-p-t]mbn {Iqin-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ckm 28 Amlp ]d-bpp: \mamWv
a\p-jysc krn-Xv, Ah-cpsS N-qSpw cl-ky-hp-samw \mw Adn-bp-p. \mw Dt-in
m Ah-cpsS cq]w-Xs amn-a-dn-p--Xm-Wv (_-Jd: 158 Iqn-hmbnp-I).
"At-l-ns Imcy-n `nn-n-p--hcpw Xocm kwi-b-n-em-Wv' Fp]dXv ss{IkvX-h-sc-p-dn-pw, bYm Adn-hn-m apkven-sf-p-dn-p-amWv.
ss{IkvX-hcn Nne tbip a\p-jy-cpsS ]m]w hln-p-sImv {Iqin--sp Fv
hniz-kn-p--h-cm-Wv, {Iqin--s-n-n- Fv hniz-kn-p--h-cpw Ah-cnep-v. ap- Nne
tbip {Iqin--sv aqmw Znhkw Dbs-gp-tpshv -hn-iz-kn-p--h-cm-Wv. Cv
An-km-Av (4)
481
Cukm- \-_nsbpdn-p bYm-nep hnizmkw ss{IkvXhcn BpwXsbn-. Cukm-\_n h[n--s-pshpw Bmhv am{X-amWv kzK-n-te-v Db-s-sXpap ss{I-kvX-h-cpsS hnizmkw IS-sa-Sp--hs-bmWv apkven-fn `qcn]-hpw. ChnsS Amlp At-ls Ah-\n-tev Dbn FmWv -]d-n-p--Xv.
]pcp-jam-sc ico-c-tm-SpIqSn Dbp-tm-gmWv d-^-A-lp Fp-]-d-bp-I. Bm-hns\-bmWv Dbn-b-sX-n d-^-A-lm FmWv ]d-bp-I. ]pcp-j-sbpw kv{XobpsSbpw
\^vkns\ kv{Xoenw-Kn-emWv ]d-bp-I-sbv JpB\n _Jd: 286, A^Pv: 27,
Jnbma: 22-23, Ckvdm-Av: 15, kpa: 42, ABw: 104,164 kq--fnepw apw ImWmw.
Fm-hn-izm-kn-I-fp-sSbpw Bmhv ac-W-tijw kzK-n-temWv Db-pI Fncns Cukm-\-_n-bpsSbpw Bmhns\ am{XamWv Dbnb-sXn AXp ]d-bm
Am-lp-hns AP- X{- Fo KpW-hn-ti-j ]d-tb-n-bn-cp-n-.
samw Jp-B\ns Bi-bw _kzm-C-dmbn D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p--hv am{Xta Cukm\-_nsb ico-c-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bmWv Dbn-b-sX-v hniz-kn-m Ign-bp-I-bp-q. BenCw-dm: 45,54-56 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
C_vdmlow \_nv Xobns\ XWp-p-Xpw kam-[m-\-ap--Xp-amn amn-b-h-\m-Wh (Anbm-Av: 6870). C_vdmlow \_nv acn--hsc Pohn-n-p-Xv ImWn-p-sIm-Sph\m-W-h (_-Jd: 260). Iogvta adnp\in-ns Hcp- \m-n-eqsS Igp-X-p-dv
k-cnpI-bm-bn-cp Dssk-, Cu \mSns\ C\n Bcv -Po-hn-n-m-\m-Wv Fv BKXw
sNbvXtm Atls acn-n-p-I-bpw, \qdv sImw Ignv ]p\Po-hn-n-p-Ibpw
sNbvXv, Atlw k-cn-n-cp hml-\-ambncp Igp-X-bpsS FpI Iqn-tbm-Pn-nv
amwkw s]mXnv Pnhnnp ImWn-psIm-Sp-h\pam-W-h (_-Jd: 259). ap--bn\nv
hncn-bpI As-n {]k-hn-pI F {]Ir-Xn \nb-a-n\v hncp--am-b-n, aqkm \_n
BSp-Iv Ce-s]m-gn-p-sIm-Sp-m-\pw hgn- X-n--Sv \S-m\pw apw D]-tbm-Kn-ncp hSnsb ]mm-n-am-n-bh-\m-W-h. YaqZv kap-Zm-b-n\v ZrjvSm--ambn {]k-hnp-I-tbm {]k-hn--s-Sp-Itbm sNm Hcp H-Is \ntbm-Kn-p-sIm-Sp--h-\m-Wh.
R R-fpsS DS-a-bmb dns\sbmgnsI am-scbpw hnfnv {]mn-p-I-bn-sv
{]Jym-]n Kplm-hm-kn-I-fmb Ggp bphm-sf, {]k-hn-p-I-tbm {]k-hn--s-Sp-Itbm
sNm Hcp- \m-b-bpsS (Ilv^v: 18 t\mp-I) ]nmse \bnv Kpl-bn aqp \q-mp-I-tfmfw Dd-n-n-S-n-b-h-\m-W-h. aqkm \_n-bpsS hSn-sImv IS-eneSn-m
]d-bp-Ibpw, As\ ASn--tm shs Ccp-`m-K-tpw cp- a-e-I-sf-tmWw
amn-\nn aqkmpw A\p-bm-bn-Ipw IS-en DW-nbhgn Dm-n-sm-Spv
Ahsc IS IS-p--Ibpw, B hgn-bn-tev ^n-Hus\bpw ]m-fsbpw sImphv
amn-\n-s shw Hcp-an-p-Iqn Ahsc apn-sm-p-Ibpw sNbvX-h-\m-W-h.
bq\pkv: 90-92 kq- ]dbpw{]Imcw ^nHu\ns icocw GI-tZiw cm-bn-cn
Fqdv sIm-tmfw (Xzmlm: 77, Ap-A-dm-Av: 63) IS-en kqn-p-I-bpw, ]ns
CuPn-]vjy ayqkn-b-n-tev ampI-bpw, AhnsS Ctmgpw kqn-pIbpw sNp-h\m-W-h. aqkm\_n CkvdmCu k-Xn-Ipthn shw tNmZn--tm hSnsIm- S n- m ]d- b p- I - b pw, Hcp ]md- b n\nv ]{v tKm{X- mpw {]tXy- I - w
{]tXyIambn ]{v Dd-h-I ]pd-s-Sp-hn-pIbpw sNbvXhh\pam-W-h.
\qlv \_n sbbpw hnizm-kn-I-sfbpw, AXph-sc-bp Poh-Pm-e--fn\np
482
Jp- B - \ ns Bmhv
Hmtcm tPmUnIsfbpw I-en Ibn c-s-Sp-p-I-bpw, \ntj-[n-Isf apgp-h\pw

{]fbn apn-sm--h-\p-am-W-h. aqq-n-b-dp-]Xv _nw_--fp-m-bn-cnss
A{_-lv cmPmhv B\-I-sfbpwsImv IA_ s]mfn-mthn h-tm sNdn-b
- s N- d nb Ip- I - s fdn- b p "A_m- _ o' ]n- I sfbbv B\Ssb Nh- - c
sshtmt]mse \in-n--h-\m-W-h (kqd: Aô t\mp-I). bq\pkv\_n ayns hb-n\nv '\ob-msX Cem-ln-, Ipw sNm ]cn-ip- \o am{X-am-Wv,
\nbw Rm A{I-an-I-fn s]p-t]m-bn'(An-bm-Av: 87) Fv {]mn--tm cs-Spnsmv hnizm-kn-Isf C-s\bmWv hn]-p-I-fn\nv c-s-Sp-p-I-sbv
]Tn-n--h-\m-W-h. adn-b-an\v AZr-iy-ambn `Ww \In-b-h-\m-W-h. AXp-Inv
{]mn kI-cnm \_nv Imcy-Im-c-W-n--Xo-X-ambn blvbm \_nsb ]p{X-\mbn
\In-b-h-\m-W-h. ]nXm-hpw amXm-hp-anmsX BZ-ans\ krn Ah, ]nXm-hn-msX
Cukmsb krn-p-I-bpw, sXmn-enshv Cukmsbsmv P\--tfmSv kwkm-cn-npIbpw sNbvXh-\m-W-h (adnbw 28-34) Cukm-\-_nv Aam-scbpw ]mWvUptcm-Kn-I-sfbpw kpJ-s-Sp-m\pw, acn--hsc Pohn-n-m\pw Ign-hv- sIm-Sp--h-\m-W-h
(B-en-Cw-dm 49, amCZ 110 t\mpI). amCZ 114115 -A\p-k-cnv Cukm-\-_n-sbsmv
{]mn-nv BIm-i-p-\nv `-W--fnI Cd-p-I-bpw, AXn\nv `ntijw
\ntj-[n PqXamsc amCZ 60mw kq-a-\p-k-cnv ]n-I-fmn amnbh-\pam-W-h.
_Jd 66-67 kq-a-\p-k-cnv i\n-bmgvN \mfns\ [ncnv ay-_-\w \S-n-b-hsc
]nm-e-msmcp ]mT-am-mthn Ipc-amcmn amn-b-h-\m-W-h. kpsseam \_nv Pnp-I-sf-bpw ssizmamscbpw hnt[-b-am-n -sIm-Sp--h-\m-W-h.
kpsse-am \_n-bpsS kZ-n-ep thZ-]-cn-m-\n-bmb Hcmsfsmv "Ckvap
AAvfw' D]-tbm-Knv {]mnnv GI-tZiw Bbn-cn Aq Intem-ao- Zqcp _okv cmn-bpsS knwlm-k\w, Iv C-a-sh--p ka-bw-sImv kpsseam \_n-bpsS apn FnpsImSph-\m-W-h. ]n-I-fp-sS-bpw Ddp-p-I-fp-sSbpw
kwkmcw kpsse-am \_nv ]Tn-n-p-sIm-Sp--h\mWh (A-wev 18-19 t\mp-I).
kzmZv 41-44 A\p-k-cnv ]Xn-\v hj-mew ]nim-Nns _m[-tbv Zpcn-Xw- t]-dnb
Aq_v \_n Ah-km\w An-bm-Av 83 kq{]Imcw "Fs ZpcnXw _m[n-n-cn-pp, \o IcpW sNp--h-cn Ghpw IcpWsNp--h-\tm' Fv {]mn--tm
`qan-bn Nhn-m ]d-bp-I-bpw, Atmgp-mb Ddhbn\nv Ipfn-m\pw IpSn-m\pw
Iev]nv tcmK--sfmw kpJ-s-Sp-p-I-bpw sNbvXv, IpSpw-_mw-K-sf Xncnv \IpIbpw k-p-fpw km-\-fpw Cc-nbmbn -\Inb-h-\pamWh.
a\p-jys\ amXm-hn-sbpw ]nXm-hn-sbpw C{n-b-p-n-I tbmPn-nv amXm-hns
hb-n aqp Ccp-d-p-n \p-h-fnb Ah, 4-mw amk-n ]nXm-hns apXpIn-ep \^vkns\ ae-p-Isfsms-Sp-nv amXm-hns hb-n-ep hnhn-[-L--
XcWw sNbvX "\pXv^'-bn Bhm-ln-nv krnv cq]-s-Sp-p--h-\mWh. \^vkpw
Poh\pw IqSnb dqlns\ ico-c-n \ne-\nn Pohn-n-p-Xpw, dqlns\ ico-cn\np ths-Spn acn-n-p-Xpw Ahs-bm-Wv (A-Bw: 60, kpa: 42).
skn GI-tZiw \mev]Xv tImSn-bne-[nIw cq]bpsS {]h\w \S-p lrZ-b
hpw, \nKq-Vhpw {]h\clkyw Is-m Ign-bmXpamb Xe-tm-dpw, Fpw
amwk-hp-w sXmen-bpw tcma-hpw Ipw aqpsamw C{n-b-p-n-bpsS Awi-n\nv
hnI-kn-n-p-m-nbh\mW-h. BZy-an-m-, Ay-an-m-, D]-a-bn-m-, DZm-l-c-
An-km-Av (4)
483
W-an-m Fmw AS-n-`c

- n-p GIm-[n-]\
- pw km-[n-]\
- pw tkzm-[n-]\
- pw XnjvSw
{]hn-p--h-\p-w k{kjvSmhpamb Amlphn\p Ign-bm Hpw Xs-bn-.
C^n-Xzm: 68 kq--fn Amlp tNmZnpp: Hm a\p-jym, \ns Cm-bva-bn
\nv krnv, cq]-nepw BIr-Xn-bnepw kp-e-\-s-Spn kwhn-[m-\n-, \ns Fw
n]XvsSpnb _lp-am-\y-\mb \ns DS-a-bpsS Imcy-n \ns hn-p-I-f-sXmWv? apl-Zv \_nsb ico-c-tmSpIqSns Hcp-cm{Xn ss_p apJ--kn-tepw
AhnsS\nv Ggv BIm-i-fpw Ignv {]]--ns AXn-cn\p-ti-j-ap "P-p
aAvh'bntepw sImpt]mbn Xncn-p-sIm-p-h--Xpw Ah Xs-bm-Wv. (Ckvdm-Av
1, APvav 117 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Ah Xs-bmWv adnbw 56-57 kq--fp-\p-k-cnv
CZvcokv \_nsb icoc-tm-Sp-IqSn BImin-te-p-bn-b-Xpw. (_Jd: 2833, Ankm-Av: 1 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI).
159. \nbw, thZ-mcn\np BcpwXs Atlns ac-W-n\papv
At-l-n hniz-kn-m-Xn-cnpIbn. hn[n-Zn-h-k-\m-fntem, Atlw
Ahs-Xnsc kmywhln-p-Ibpw sNp--Xm-Wv.
thZ-mcn Hcm-fpw-Xs Xs ac-W-n\papv At-l-n hniz-kn-m-Xn-cnp-I-bn Fpw Bi-bapv. \_n (k) ]Tn-n Ay-\m-fns {][m-\-s ]v ASbm-f--fns]XmWv ako-lp--m-ens ]pd-s-S-epw, Cukm -\_nbpsS hc-hpw.
kpKvdp^v: 6162 kqfn Amlp ]d-bp-p: \nbw Atls (Cu-km- \-_nsb)
Ay-a-Wn-q-dns Adn-hmnshn-cn-p-p. Atm \n AXns Im-cy-n
kwi-bn-c
- p-Xv. \n- Fs ]n]-p-hn, AXm-Wv t\-sc-sNm-s-bp amKw. AXns
Imcy-n ssim \nsf XS-bm-Xn-cn--s, \nbw Ah \nv hy-amb
i{Xp-htm. kpKvdp^v: 5758, adn-b-ans ]p{Xs\ DZm-l-c-W-am-bn- F-Sp-p--cn-p-tmtgpw \ns P\X shdp-tm-Sp-IqSn At-l-n\nv Xe-Xn-cn-p-p-htm, Ah
tNmZn-p-Ibpw sNp-p: RfpsS Cem-lp-I-fmtWm, AtXm Ah-\mtWm D-a?
At-lspdnv \mw \n\v DZm-l-cn-p-tm-sgmw Ah At-l-ns Imcy-n
hntcm[wshv Xn-mXn-cn-p-n-. A; Ch-scmcp IpXn-I-fmb P\-X-Xs
Fp-]-d-bp-p-v. Cukm \_n cm-aXpw htijw At-l-ns ac-W-n\v
apmbn Fm a\p-jycpw At-l-n hniz-kn-p-sa-mWv kq-n ]d--Xns
Hcm-i-bw. (kpKvdp^v: 5765 t\mpI, Ben-Cw-dm: 45 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-pI).
thZm-cmb PqXcpw ss{IkvX-hcpw apkven-fp-samwXs XfpsS ac-Wn\papv Cukm \_n- b psS bYm- Ah- - b n hniz- k n- pw F- X mWv
kqns asm-cm-ibw. ]t B hnizmkwsImv KpWw e`n-p-I-bn-. Jnbma:
2223, hnizm-kn-I X-fpsS \mYs\ ac-W-k-a-bv lrZ-bw-sImv (\-^vkpsIm-v)
ktm-j-tm-Sp-IqSn t\mp-sapw, 24, \ntj-[nI ac-W-k-a-bv Zp:Jtm-Sp-IqSn
(]nim-Nns\) t\mp-Xm-Wv Fpw ]d-n-p-v. 25, \s-sm-Sn-p A\p-`-h-fp-m-Im t]mIp--Xmbn B \ntj-[m-mhv a\-n-em-pp Fp]d-bp-p. 26-30,
Hcn--ep-a-, dqlv sXm-p-gn-bn-se-p-Ibpw, a{n-v Xcm-\m-cpv, dqlns\ ]nSn-p\nm-\m-cpv Fp-]-d-b-s-Sp-I-bpw, Av A-h Cl-tem-I-p\nv th]n-cn-bp-Ibm-sWv t_m[y-am-hp-Ibpw sNp-tm, {]I--\-tmSpIqSn {]I-\w A\p-`-h-s-
Jp- B - \ ns Bmhv
484
Sp-Ibpw AYhm Pohn-X-Im-e-p- I-gnpt]mb hnI-e-amb hnizm-k-fpw Zpjv{]-hrnI- f psamw Ahs Bmhv lrZ- b w- s Imv ImWp- I - b pw, Ct- Z n- h kw Xs
dntemIpp ae-p-I-fm sXfn--s-SpsXv t_m[y-am-hp-Ibpw sNp-p Fp]-d-n-p-v. AAvdm^v: 37, Ah kzn-s\-Xnsc "R \ntj-[n-I-fm-bn-cpp'
Fv kmywhln-p-sa-pw, 38 Ign-p-t]mb PnpIfp-sSbpw -a-\p-jy-cpsSbpw Iqn \c-I-n {]th-in-p-sIm-pI Fv AhtcmSv ]d-b-s-Sp--Xm-sWpw ]dn-p-v. hnizm-kn-I Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n\nv bYm hkvXpX acn-p-Xn\v appXs a\-n-em-p-I-bpw, Ah-cpsS hnizm-k-hpw I-hp-samw {K-ns
hn[n-hn-e-p-I-f-\p-k-cnv Nn-s-Sp-p-Ibpw sNp--Xm-Wv. (kpa: 18,33,53-60 Iqn-hmbn-p-I).
Cukm \_nsb dkq-embn \ntbm-Kn-n-p-Xv Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-I-fn-te-v am{Xam-Wv (B-en-Cw-dm: 49 t\mp-I). kq-n, Jnbma-p-\m-fn Atlw Ahs
Xnsc kmywhln-p-X
- p-am-Wv Fp-]d
-
Xv Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-If
- mb PqX-msXn-scbpw, BenCwdm: 51- ]Tn-n--Xn\v hncp--ambn Cukm \_n-sbbpw amXm-hn-s\
bpw Am-lp-hn-s\-q-Sm-sX-bp Cem-lp-If
- mbn sXsc-s-Spv \ntj-[n-If
- m-bn-o
ss{IkvX-hs-Xn-scbpw kmyw-h-ln-p-sa-m-Wv. Cukm \_nbpsS c-ams
hchv dkq-em-bn--, adnv apkven-fm P\-a-[y-n If-hm--s apl-Zv \_nsb
k temIpw Imcp-Wy-hm-\mbn ]cn-N-b-s-SppI-hgn kqd: An-bm-Av: 107 {]mtbmKnI Xe-n ImWn-pXn-\p-th-nbm-Wv. AXp-sIm-mWv Cukm \_n Cam-av
\nmsX hnizm-knsb ]np-Sv \a-kvI-cnp-Xv. Cv thZw Jp-B-\m-b-Xn-\m
AXns hml-Icmb apkvens-Xnsc B Jp-Bs\ ]n-]n Pohn-p hnizm-knI-fm-bn-cn-pw kmyw-h-ln-p-I. apl-Zv \_n-bpsS Dn (k-ap-Zmbw) apl-Zv
\_nsb \ntbm-Kn--s--Xv ap-X Ay-\mh-sc-bp Fm-hcpw Ds-Sp-p. Fm
Juan (P-\-X) apkven am{Xta Ds-Sp-I-bp-q. Xs D-n-\p-thn {]mn
\_n, Juan\v FXnsc Jp-BsImv A\ymbw t_m[n-n-p-Ib
- mWv sNp-I (^pJm:
30). _Jd: 112,121,186,213, Ben-Cw-dm: 19,5556,136,182, An-kmAv: 17-18 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mpI.
ako-lp--mepw Cukm- \-_nbpsS hchpw:Ben-Cw-dm: 45,5256, An-kmAv: 156-158 hni-Zo-I-cWw Iqn-hmbnp-I. BZw
km-\-v ako-lp--m sb{X \miw thsd-bp-m-hp-I-bn-s-pw, Fm \_namcpw Ah\pm-p \mi-s-p-dnv P\-sf Adn-bn-n-p-s-pw, Rm Ah-km\s \_n-bmWv, \n-fn-emWv ako-lp--m hcn-I, AXp-sImv \n \n-fpsS
av ako-lp--mens\pdnv ]Tn-n-p-I Fpw \_n(k) ]d-npv.
"tamsi-Zb
- m'F \ma-n {]kn-\
- mb CkvdmCu ]S-\m-bI
- \
- m-bn-m-bn-cnpw
Ah ]pd-s-Sp-I. apl-Zv \_n-bpsS Ime-p-Xs h apssk-en-a-p Im_v
apX apXv I-hm-Zn-I hcp-Xm-sWpw, AXn Ah-km-\s I-hm-ZnbmWv
ako-lp--msepw \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-pv. Ah temIsm-bn-Spw Npn-dn abpw aZo-\-bpw (ln-Pm-kv) Hgn-sIbp Fm-bn-S-fpw Ahs `cW-n
sImphcpw. Ah ]pd-s-Sp--Xn\v aqphjw app BZys hjw agbpw
An-km-Av (4)
485
Irjnbpw aqn-semcp `mKw Npcp-p-I-bpw, cm-as hjw aqn cp-`mKw Npcpp-Ibpw, aqm-as hjw agbpw Irjnbpw Xoscbnm h-cp-sa-pw, Atm-gmWv
A-h ]pd-s-Sp-I-sbpw \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. Am-ev hnizm-kn-I, Xlveoepw
(Ahs GIXzw {]Jym-]n-p-I) XIv_odpw (Ahs\ alX-Xzs-Sp-p-I) Xkv_olpw
(A-m-lp-hns\ ]cn-ip--s-Sp-p-I) XlvaoZpw (Ahs\ kvXpXn-p-I) sImm-bn-cnpw
Pohn-pI Fpw \_n (k) ]d-n-p-v. a\p-jycnshv Ghpw henb krn-bmb
Ah-\n-eq-sS-bm-Wv ]nim-Nns Ghpw henb Ignhv {]I-S-am-hpI. BZy-a-h \_n-bm
sWv hmZn-p-I-bpw, ag hjn-nv shw Cd-n-sm-Sp-p-I-bpw, Irjn apf-nv P\v `Ww DmnsmSp-p-Ibpw sNpw. Ipd-p- I-gn-bp-tm Ah, Rm
dv XsbmsWv hmZn-p--Xm-Wv. Hcp {Kmao-W-t\mSv Ah, \ns acn-p-t]mb
amXm-]n-Xm-sf ]p\:krnpXm \o Fs dmbn AwKo-I-cn-ptam Fv tNmZnp-Ibpw, tmWnwKv aptJ-\tbm atm Ahs amXm-]n-Xm-sf krn-p-sIm-Sp-p-Ibpw
sNpw. ]nimNv amXm-]n-Xm--fmbn cq]-s-Sp-I-bpw, B amXm-]n-Xm- aIs\ hnfn-nv
Ch \ns dm-Wv, AXp-sImv \o Chs\ AwKo-I-cn-tmfq Fp]d-bpIbpw
sNpsav \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. apAvan\q: 14-, Atm A\p{K-l-k-q\mb Amlp krn-Im--fn Ghpw \ krn-Imhv Xs-btm Fp-]-d-Xn\npw Am-lp-h-m krn-Im- thsd-bp-sv hcpp (]n-im-Nn\pw, ako-lp-
- m-en\pw krn-m-\p Ign-hpv F-Xn\v Jp-B FXnc-). Amlp
krn-Im--fn Ghw Da-\mWv Fp-]-d--Xns hnh-, Cm-bva-bn\npw
krn-m Amlphn\v am{Xta Ign-bp-Ib
- pq Fpw, ap krm-v icocw am{Xta
krn-m Ign-bp-I-bpqAXpXs D-Xn\nv (tIm-i-n\ntm atm) hnIkn-n-s-Sp-m am{X-w--G-Xp-cq-]-n-em-sW-nepw dqlv \Ip-Xv Amlp Xs-bmWv
Fp-am-Wv.
F{X-Im-e-am-bn-cnpw `qan-bn Zm-ens hmk-sa-v R- {]hm-N-I-t\mSv tNmZnp: \_n (k) ]d-p: \mev]Xv Znh-kw, BZys Znh-k-n\v Hcp -sIm-sbpw
cm-as -Zn-h-k-n\v Hcp amk-sbpw, aqm-as Znh-k-n\v Hcp BgvN-bp-sSbpw
ssZLy-ap-m-bn-cn-pw. ap-Zn-h-k--sfmw \n-fpsS km[m-cW Znh-k-sftmse
bpam-bn-cn-pw. R tNmZn-p: ZqX-tc, Hcphjw t]mep Znh-k-n R \akvImcw HcpZn-h-k-t-Xp-t]mse (Av t\cw) \a-kvI-cn-m aXntbm? \_n (k) ]d
p: t]mcm, \n AXv IW-m--Ww (5x354 t\cs \a-kvImcw). R tNmZnp:
{]hm-N-I-tc, F-s\-bmWv Ah (Z-m) `qan-bn Fm--epw thK-n FpXv? \_n adp-]Sn \In: Imv \bn-p Imta-Lstmse Ah P\-f
- pnSsmw Fpw.
Zm-ens ]pd-s-S-ens\pdnv tI-dnv, AXv ncoI-cn-p--Xn-\p-thn aZo\-bn\nv Ah-s-bS- p-tv sNp Hcp kXy-hn-izmkn Ah-t\mSv ]d-bpw: Xobmbpw
\o, Am-lp-hns ZqX Rv ap-dn-bnv \Inb Zm-emWv. Atm Ah
]dbpw: Rm Cu a\p-jys\ h[nv Pohn-nv ImWn-p-X-cmw, Fm Rm ssZh-amsWv \n hniz-kn-ptam? Atm kXy-hn-izmkn ]d-bpw: C. As\ Ah
kXy-hn-izm-knsb Xpey-amb cv `mK-ambn ]nfp-I-bpw, Hcp Ip-ns Af-hp-Iv
ths]-Spn amnbtijw Ah Iqn-tbm-Pnnv Ahs\ ]p\krn-p-Ibpw sNpw.
486
Jp- B - \ ns Bmhv
Atmgpw kXy-hn-izmkn ]d-bpw: C-t-Xp-t]mse AI--tmsS Bg-n \ns

a\-n-em-m apv F\nv Ign-n-cp-n-. CXp-tIp-tm Zm hopw Atls h[n-m {ian-pw, ]t Ah\v At-ls Iog-S-m Ignbn-.
Hm Am-lp-hns ASn-a-Itf, \n-fpsS dv Ip-s]m--\-, Ahs\ \n acW-n-\p-tijw am{Xta ImWp-I-bp-q (ABw: 103 t\mpI). Fm ako-lp--men\v H-p am{Xta Dm-hp-I-bp-q. Ahs he-Xp-Iv DW-nb apn-cn-t]se
NnbXmbncnp-sav \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. JpB\ns Bibw "_kzm-C-dmbn'
D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p Fgppw hmb-\bpw Adn-bm hnizm-kn-Iv t]mepw Ahs\
\ntj-[n-bmbn Xncn--dn-bm Ign-bpw, Fm JpB\ns Bibw aqSn-sh-p I]S-hn-izm-kn-I Ahs sIWn-bn s]Sp-Xp-am-Wv. ImcWw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS
B{Kl-fmWv Ah \S-n-em-p-I. lnPm-kn-ep I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fmb ]pcp-jamcpw
kv{XoIfpw Ahs `cWw \S-p e--fn-tev amdn-m-a-kn-p--Xm-Wv. Ah
Hcp hnizm- k nsb cmbn ]nfp- I - b pw, tijw Hnv ]p\Po- h n- n- p- I bpw
sNbvXpsImv: "Rm\-stbm \ns krn--Xv, AXp-sImv Fs dmbn AwKo-Icn-p-IqtS' Fp tNmZn-p-tm, "A, \o Ihm-Zn-bmb ako-lp--m-em-Wv, CmWv
\ns icnpw IXv' Fv B hnizmkn adp-]Sn ]d-bp-XmWv. Ahs ] \cIhpw kzKhpw Dm-bn-cn-pw. Fm Ahs \cIw hnizm-kn-Iv kzKhpw Ah
s -kzKw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Iv kzK-hpw, hnizm-kn-Iv \c-I-hp-am-bn-cn-pw. hnizmknIv ac-W
- n-\p-ti-ja
- mWv kzKw e`n-p-Is
- b-pw, Cl-temIw \cIXp-ey-am-sWpw,
Fm I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Iv Cl-temIw kzK-hpw, ac-W-tm-Sp-IqSn \c-I-hp-amWv
Fpw \_n (k) ]Tn-n-npv (Ben-Cw-dm: 136,182 hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mp-I). Zmens
\c-I-n hnizm-kn-Isf ]nSn-n-Sp-tm C_vdm-lo-an\v XoIp-WvTw imnbpw kam-[m\hpamb-Xp-t]mse, AXv kam-[m-\hpw imnbpapXm-Ip--Xn-\pthn kqd: Ilv^ns
BZy-`mKw Ftmgpw Xnem-hv sN-Wsav \_n (k) ]Tnnn-p-v. AXp-hgn Kplmhm-kn-IfpsS hnizm-k-ZmVyX ssIh-cp-m hnizm-kn-Iv km[npw (d-AvZv: 28
Iqn-hmbnpI).
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS `c-W-n\nv tamN\w t\Sn lnPmkv alvZn Cam-ans
t\Xr-Xzn\v Iogn hcp--Xpw, alvZn Cam-ans t\Xr-Xz-n hnizm-kn-I ako-lp-m-ens ^nXv\-s-Xn-cmbn Ah-km-\s s]mcp-X-en-\p-thn kndn-b-bnse shan-\m-c-ap ]n-bn Hcp-an-p-Iq-Sp-Xp-am-Wv. \a-kvIm-c-n\v CJm-av sImSp-p
ka-bv BIm-ip\nsmcp Cc- tIv hnizmkn-I t\mp-tm, Cukm \_n
Imhn-hkv{XwsImv -Clvdmw sNbvX \ne-bn Nmcp-I-tk-c-bn-se-t]mse ae-p-IfpsS Nnd-Ip-I-fn-en-cpv Cd-n-h-cp-Xmbn ImWpw. \a-kvIm-c-n\v t\XrXzw sImSpmthn At-l-tmSv Bh-iy-s-Sp-tm hnizm-kn-I ]c-kv]cw Cam-ap-I-fm-sWpw, AXp-sImv Bp-th-nbmtWm CJm-av sImSp-Xv AhcpsS Cam-a-n
Xs \a-kvI-cn-s Fp-]dv Cukm\_n aAvaqambn \a-kvImcw \n-ln-pIbpw sNpw. \a-kvIm-cm-\-cw Cukm-\_n Bh-iy-s-Sp--X\p-k-cnv hmXn Xpdp-tm-tgpw ako-lp--mepw Fgp-]-Xn-\m-bncw PqXamcmb ]S-bm-fnIfpw hnizm-knIsf h[n-mthn Fn-bn-cn-pw. Cukm \_nsb ImWp-tm sh-n Dv
Aen-bp--Xp-t]mse Zm Dcp-Im XpS-pw. Fmepw Cukm \_nbpw hnizm-kn-
An-km-Av (4)
487
Ifpw Ahsc ]np-S-cp-I-bpw, "_m_p-epv' (enU Fbt]mv) shv IpwsImv

Ipn Cukm \_n Ahs\ sImp-I-bpw, cw P\-v ImWnpsImSpp-Ibpw
sNpw. tijw ac-fpw Ip-Ifpsamw Fs ]nn Hcp \ntj-[n-bpv, Hm hnizmko,
Chs\ ]nSn-p- sIm-pIfbpI Fv hnfnv ]-d-bp--Xm-Wv. Fgp-]-Xn-\m-bncw PqX-t\Xm-amsc h[n--tijw An-km-Av: 91, Xu_: 123, Alvkm-_v: 61 Fo kq-fpsS Iev]\I \nd-th-p--Xn-\p-thn hnizm-kn-I I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fmb Im^ndpIsf
]nSnv h[n-p--Xm-Wv. As\ samw temIw \nb-{n-n-cp ako-lp--m-ens
`cWw Cukm\_nbpsS A[o-\-nemhp-Ibpw, Atlw \mSp-I-fpsS tI{-amb a
tI{o-I-cnv temIw `cn-p-Ibpw sNpw. Av temIw apgp-h H \mSv, H Zo, H
Cem-lv, H Jn_ve Fmbn amdpw. ssl-hcpw ss{IkvX-h-cp-samw Cukm \_nsb
AwKo-I-cn-p-I-bpw, Ckvemw kzoI-cn-p-Ibpw sNpw. ss{IkvX-h bYm hnizmkw
a\-n-em-Ip-tm Ipcn-ip-I s]mn-s-dn-bp-I-bpw ]n-Isf sImp-Ibpw, ssl-h
Ah-cpsS t{X--fn\nv _nw_- amp-Ibpw sNpw. Av Bpw asmcmsf
`b-s-SmsXkv{Xo-Ip-t]m-epw HbvvFtmgpw Fhn-sSbpw k-cn-m-hp hn[n `qan-bn kam-[m-\hpw kzmX-{yhpw \nehn hcpw. Fgp -sImw `cWw \Snb
Cukm\_n 40-mw hb-n acn-p-Ibpw apl-Zv \_n-bpsS J_-dn\Spv Hgn-p-In-Sp ev At-ls J_dSp-Ibpw sNpw.
160,161. Atm PqX-cm-bnamdn-bh
- c
- psS A{I-a{- ]-h-\
- sImpw, Amlphns amK-n [mcmfw XS-- Dm-p-Xp-sImpw, Ah-tcmSv
hntcm-[n-s ]eni kzoI-cnpXp-sImpw, P\--fpsS [\w Ahnln-X-ambn `n--p-Xp-sIm-pw, t\cs Ahv A\p-h-Zn-n-cp ]e
]cn-ip-a
- mb hkvXp-fpw \mw Ahv \njn-a
- mpIbp-m-bn. Ahcn
\ntj-[n-I-fm-b-hv thZ-\m-P-\-I-amb in \mw Hcp-nshpIbpw
sNbvXn-p-v.
ABw: 146 blq-Z-cm-b-h-cp-sS-ta \mw \J-ap Fm Poh-Pm-e--sfbpw \njn-am-n-bnp-v, ]ip, BSv XpS-n-b-h-bpsS apXpIntem, AIn-Sntem As-n FpIn-S-bn-tem Hn-n-Sn \ne-bn-ep--sXmgnsIbp Ah-bpsS s\pw \njn--am-nbn-p-v. AX-h-cpsS [nm-c-n\v {]Xn-^-e-am-bn-m-Wv. \nbw \mw kXy-k-X
]men-p--h Xs-bm-Wv Fp]d-bp-pv (Ben-Cw-dm: 93 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI).
Alv: 118, \n\papv -hn-h-cnpXXv Xs-bmWv (_Jd: 173, A-Bw: 145, Alv: 115) blq-ZcpsStaepw \mw \njn-a
- m-n-bn-p-X
- v. \mw Ah-tcmSv A{Iaw {]hnn-n-, Fm Ah Ah-tcmSv Xs A{Iaw ImWn-p--h-cm-bn-cp-p (Ah Xs
kzbw amn- a - d np \njn- - a m- n- b - X m- W v ) Fp- ] - d - n- p- v . _Jd: 188,279
kqsfsbmw Ah-K-Wnv Ghpw tami-amb coXn-bnep ]en-i, I--S-v,
]qgvn-sh-v, ab-p-a-cp I-hSw XpSnb Fm Xn-I-fnepw Cv I]-S-hn-izmkn-I
PqXam-tcm apn-emsWv ImWmw. {]IrXnaX-amb Ckveman P\-\w, hnhm-lw,
acWw XpSnbh-sbmw hfsc Ffp--amWv Fn-cn-s, [mcmfw ]pXnb Zpcm-Nm-c
Ir{Xn-a-ambpmn Fm Pohn-X-ta-J-e-I-fnepw ap kap-Zm-tf-m `mc-ap-m-n-shp-Ibpw AXp-hgn Ckvemans\ hnIr-Xa
- m-p-Ibpw sNbvXncn-p-Ib
- m-Wh
- . C-cn
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I Ckvemans\ ambvp-sImn-cnp-Xv ]q-am-m-\mWv ako-lp--
488
Jp- B - \ ns Bmhv
m hcp--Xv. B ako-lp--m-ens\ klm-bn-p--hcpamWv Ah (AAvdm^v: 169

Iqn-hm-bn-pI). _Jd: 57,275-,281, An-km-Av: 91,138,145 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
162. Fm Ah-cn\np Adn-hn AKm[-m-\-ap--h-cpw hnizm-kn-Ifm-b-h-cpw, \n\n-d--s--Xnepw \n\papv C-d--s--Xnepw hniz-knp--h-cpw, \a-kvIm-c-a-\p-jvTn-p--h-cpw,- kwkvIc-W-{]-h-\- \Sp--h-cpw, Am-lp-hns\smpw Ay-Zn-\-ssmpw hniz-kn-t
-hn[w hniz-kn-p--h-cp-am-Wv. Aq-v \mw al-mb {]Xn-êw
\IpIXs -sN-pw.
Ben-Cw-dm: 7,199 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Ap-A-dm-Av: 197 Amlp tNmZnpp: CkvdmCu k-Xn-I-fnse m\n-Iv Cu Jp-B\ns\pdnv A-dn-bpsaXv am apivcn-p-Ismcp Zrm--a-tbm? (sX-fn-h--tbm?). Cv Adn-hn
AKm-[-m-\-ap--h-cpw, Am-lp-hns\ `b-s-Sp m\n-Ifpw Jp-B\ns Bi-ba-dn-bp--h-cmWv. (_Jd: 34,285, Ben-Cw-dm: 18,113-114, AnkmAv: 82,87,122,136 hni-ZoIcWw t\mpI).
163. \nbw \mw \qln-\pw, At-l-n-\p-ti-j-ap \_n-ampw Znhy-t_m[\w sNbvXXp-t]mse \n\pw Znhy-t_m-[\w sNbvXn-cn-p-p. C_vdmlo-an-\pw Ckvam-Cu-en-\pw Ckvlm-Jn-\pw bAvJq_n\pw tKm{XhK-mpw
(bAvJq-_v kXn-Ipw), Cukm-pw Aq-_n-\pw bq\p-kn-\pw lmdq\pw
kpsse-am\pw \mw Znhy-t_m-[\w sNbvXn-p-v. Zmhq-Zn\v \mw k_q \IpIbpw sNbvXn-p-v.
Zmhq-Zn\v \mw k_q \Ip-Ibpw sNbvXn-p-v Fp-]-d-Xv: Cu \_n-am-cn
Zmhq-Zn\v am{Xta {Kw \In-bn-qq F-, adnv GI-{K--amb "Jp-B' am{XamWv Am-lp-hn-\nv Ah-X-cn-n-n-p--Xv. ZmhqZv \_nv \Inb {K-ns
t]cv k_q FXm-Wv. k_q F-Xns _lp-h-N-\-amWv "kp_p'. Ap-AdmAv:
196-, \nbambpw Cu Jp-B ]qnI GSp-Ifnepv Fp-]-d-n-p-v. An-bm
Av: 105-, \nb-ambpw \mw k_q-dn Fm-Im-cy-fpw lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn Hmann--Xn-\p-tijw "\nbw `qan A\--cm-h-Im-i-sa-Sp-pI' Fs k-\--fmb ASn-aI am{X-amsWv tcJ-s-Sp-nbnp-v. Cu kq-n ]d k_q AIn-Xm_mb Jp-B Xs-bm-Wv (Aq: 55 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 2,136,285, Ben-Cw-dm:
164. CXn\papv \n\v hni-Zo-I-cnp Xn-p ZqXampw, C\nbpw \n\v
hni-Zo-Ic
- nv Xn-n-m-- ZqXampw Znhy-t_m-[\w sNbvXn-p-v. aqkmtbmSv Amlp icnpw kwkm-cn-pIXs sNbvXnpv.
apAvan: 78, \n\papv \n\v hni-Zo-I-cnv Xn-p--Xpw hni-Zo-I-cnp Xnn-m--Xp-amb ZqXamsc \mw Ab-n-p-sv Amlp ]d-n-p-v. (_Jd: 253,
Ben-Cw-dm: 19,84 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I).
An-km-Av (4)
489
165. ktm-j-hm- Adn-bn-p-Ibpw ap-dn-bnv \Ip-Ibpw sNp Cu

ZqXamptijw P\-v Am-lp-hn-s-ta \ymb-hm-Z-n\v CS-bpm-Im-Xn-cn-m thnbmWn-Xv. Amlp AP--\mb bpn-m\n
Xsbtm.
hnizm-kn-Iv ktm-j-hm Adn-bn-p--h-cpw, \ntj-[n-Iv ap-dn-bnv
\Ip--hcpambn-smv Htc ZuXy-n-\p-th-n-bmWv Fm- Zq-Xam-scbpw Amlp
\ntbm-Kn-n-p--Xv. An-bm-Av: 25, \nbw Rm\-msX asmcp Cem-lp-an-spw,
Atm \n F\n-p-thn am{Xw Pohn-p-I-sbpw Znhy-t_m-[\w \In-bn-msX \mw \n\papv Hcp- d-kq-en-s\bpw \ntbm-Kn-n-n- Fp]d-bp-p (Alv:
2,36 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). ZqXamsc AbXv, Amlp Xr]vXn-s PohnXw a\p-jy-cn
kmy-s-Spm\pw, hn[n-Zn-hkw Amcyw B ZqXam Am-lp-hn\p apn kmywh-ln-p--Xn-\v thnbp-amWv. {]hm-N-Iam-cpsS PohnXw ]n]-p hnizm-kn-Isfbpw,
ap- a-\p-jyv kmn-I-fmbn sImp-h-cp--Xm-Wv (lv: 78, kp-a: 69 Iqn-hm-bn-pI). Ckvdm-Av: 15, Hcp ZqXs\ \ntbm-Kn-p--Xp-hsc, \nbw \mw inn-p--h-\mhp-I-bnsv ]d-n-p-v. (A-Bw: 156-157, Jkz-kv: 48-50 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 119,
143,150,213,270 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
166. Fm \n\v Ah-X-cn-n-n-p Cu {Kw Xs- Ad-nthm-Sv Iq-SnsbmWv Ah-X-cn-n-n-p-Xv FXn\v Amlp kmywhln-ppAhs
ae-p-Ifpw kmywhlnp-p. kmn-bm-bn AmlpXs Ghpw
aXn-bm-b-h-\tm.
AAvdm^v: 52 Amlp ]d-bp-p: \n-b-am-bnpw \psS Adn-hn-\m hni-Zo-Icn-n-p Hcp{Kw \mw Ahv sImp-h-n-p-v. AXv hnizm-kn-I-fmb P\-Xv
kamK-hpw, Imcp-Wy-hp-am-Ip-p. A-Bw: 155, Cu A\p-{K-lo-Xa
- mb {Kw \mamWv
Ah-X-cn-n-n-p--Xv, Atm \n- AXns\ ]n]-p-I, Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-b-n
kqn-p-Ibpw sNp-I. Fm \n A\p-{K-lnstmw Fp-]-d-n-p-v.
(A-Bw: 19 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I) Ben-Cw-dm: 18,81-,83,187 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
167. \n-bw- {Ks aqSn-shv \ntj-[n-If
- mhpI-bpw, Am-lp-hns amKamb
AXns\smv P\-sf XS-bp-Ibpw sNbvX-h, kXy-n\nv _lpZqcw hgn-]n-gv t]mbn--gn-n-cn-p-p.
A-Bw: 26 Amlp ]d-bp-p: Ah P\-sf Jp-B\ns\smv XS-bp-Ibpw, Ahsc kzbw XS-bp-Ibpw sNp-p, A-Xp-hgn Ah Ah-sc-s-bmWv \in-np--Xv, Fm AXv A-h Xncn--dn-bp-n-. am apivcnp-I-fpsS Cu kz`mhw Cv
apkven ASn ]In-bn-cn-p-Ib
- m-Wv. Ah Jp-B\ns\ Ah-KW
- n-v AXn\nv
lnPvd t]mb-Xp-sImv \msf \_n (k) Jp-B\pw sImp-hv Ahs-Xnsc A\ymbw
t_m[n-n-p cwKw ^pJm: 30 ap-dn-bnv \In-bn-p-v. Acw Im^n-dpIfmb
P\- X sb A\p- k - c n- - c p- s X- pw, Ah- t cmSv Jp- B sImv A[n- I - c n PnlmZv
\SWsapw hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv ^pJm: 52 kqw aptJ\ Iev]n-n-p-v. ^mnl:
7, _Jd: 39,159-161,174176, Ben-Cw-dm: 119, An-km-Av: 63 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
490
Jp- B - \ ns Bmhv
168,169 \n-b-am-bpw Jp-B\ns\ aqSn-sh-p-I-bpw, aphv \ImsX

A{Iaw ImWn-p-Ibpw sNbvX-hv Amlp s]mdp-p-sIm-Sp-p-Itbm,
bYm- amKn-tev amK-Zi\w sNp-Itbm- C\c-Ip-WvT-nte-p amK-n-te--msX. AXneh Fspw \nXy-hm-kn-I-fm-bn
cn-pw. AXv Am-lp-hn\v hfsc Ffp--ap Imcy-amIpp.
Amlp Bscbpw kzK-n-tetm \c-I-n-tetm Bp-n-, Hmtcm-cp-cpw
kzbwXs-bmWv Ah-cpsS `mK-t[bw \n-bn-p--Xv. a\p-jyv kzK-n-tev
hgn-Im-Wn-p-- kamKhpw (_-Jd: 2,38,185), Am-lphnte-p Sn-p-amWv JpB\ns Bibw (Ckm: 29). AXp]-tbm-K-s-Spn Pohn-p-I-bpw, ap--hv D]tbm-K-s-Sp-m \Ip-Ibpw sNbvXm Ahv Zp:Jnm-t\m `b-s-Smt\m CS-h-cn-Ibn- (AAvdm^v: 40-41, kPZ: 22, kpa: 55-59 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 121,254, Ben-Cwdm: 90-91, An-km-Av: 137,140145 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
170. Hm a\p-jytc, \n-fpsS DS-a-bmb \mY-\n \np ZqX, "lJv ' Bb
Jp-B\
- pw- sImv \n-fn hp-Ig
- n-p. Atm \n hniz-knpI,
AXmWv \np-aw. A, \n \ntj-[n-p-Ib
- m-sW-n, \nbw
BIm- i - ` q- a n- I fnep Fm- Hpw Am- l p- h n- p- - X m- I p- p.
AmlphmIs Fm-a-dn-bp bp-n--m\n Xsb-tm.
bq\p-kv: 57 a\p-jysc hnfnp Amlp ]d-bp-p: Hm a\p-jysc \nv \nfpsS \mY-\n\np D]-tZiw (Jp-B) hp-In-n, AXp \n-fpsS s\p-I-fnep Fm kwi-b-pw \nhm-c-W-am-Wv. 108, Amlp \_n-tbmSv ]d-bm
Iev]np-p: Hm a\p-jytc, \n-v \n-fpsS \mY-\n\np lJv hp-I-gnp,
BcmtWm AXp-]-tbm-Knv kamK-nembXv, Atm AXns KpWw Ah-\p-X-sbm-Wv. BcmtWm AXv D-]-tbm-K-s-Sp-msX hgn-tI-Sn-em-b-Xv, AXns tZmjhpw
Ahv (\-^vkn-\v) Xs-bm-Wv. Rm \n-fp-sS-ta ho-semp-a-.
Cu aqv -kq---fn-epw Jp-B\pw apl-Zv \_n-bpw a\p-jyv sam-apXmsWpw, Jp-B Fn-p-X-cm-\mWv {]hm-N-I hn-p--sX-pw, AXp-sImv
AXns\ D]-tbm-K-s-Spn Pohn-p--hv `b-s-Sm-\pw Zp:Jnm-\p-w CS-h-cn Fpw
a\-n-emmw (_-Jd: 38). Jp-B -Innbnv AXns\ aqSn-sh--h \-s--h-cm-bn-cnpp (_-Jd: 39). kzKhpw \c-Ihpw Ah-c-hXs- ChnsS HcptXm-Wv. \n
thW-sa n D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-n-bm aXn, Am-lp-hn\p \n-fpsS Bh-iy-an-. BImi-`q-an-I-fn-ep--sXmw Am-lp-hns\ hmgvp-p-v (C-kvdm-Av: 44, Aq: 41 Iqn-hmbn-pI). _Jd: 136,147148, An-km-Av: 130 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
171. Hm thZ-mtc, \n \n-fpsS Zo\n AXn-cp-I-hn-bm-Xn-cn-p-hn. Amlp-hnsta kXy-a-m-Xv ]d-bm-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-hn. \nbw
adn-b-ans ]p{X Cukm akolv Am-lp-hns ZqX\pw, Ah adn-b-ante-n-p -sIm-Sp Ahs hN-\-hpw, Ah-\n\np Hcp -dq-lpw am{Xam-Ip-p. Atm \n Am-lp-hns\smpw Ahs {]-hm-NI
- amsc
smpw hniz-kn-phn. Amlp aqhcpw IqSn-bXmWv \n ]dbm-
An-km-Av (4)
491
Xn-cn-p-hn. \n hncanp-I, AXmWv \npaw. \nbw

Amlp GI- C-em-lm-Ip-p. ]p{X-\p-m-Ip--Xn\nv Ah F{Xtbm
]cn-ip--\pam-Ip-p. BIm-i--fn-ep Fm Hpw, `qan-bn-ep FmHpw Ah-p--Xm-Ip-p. AhbpsS ssIIm-cy-Im-hm-bnv Am-lpXs Ghpw aXn-bm-b-h-\patm.
\nbw adn-b-ans ]p{X Cukm ako-lv XsbmWv Amlp Fp]d- h
\ntj-[n-If
- mbngn-n-p-sv amCZ: 17epw, 72-epw ]d-n-p-v. amCZ: 73, \nbw
Amlp aqhcn- s em- mWv , Asn ]nXmhpw ]p{X\pw ]cnip- m- mhpw
IqSnbXmsWv (aq-pw -Iq-Sn-b-Xm-sWv) ]d--hcpw \ntj-[n-I-fmbngn-n-p-sv
]d-n-p-v. thZ-m-cmb ss{IkvX-hscpdn-m-Wv C-hnsS {]Xn-]m-Zn-p--Xv. kXyhpw
\ymbhpamb hn[-n Am-lp-hns\ kan-pXv lJmb Jp-B\ns Bi-bw
am{XamWv. Cukm \_n-bpsS krn-ns\pdnv Ben-Cw-dm: 39-40, An-km-Av: 1
hni-Zo-I-cWn t\mp-I. Fm {]hm-N-Iamcpw Htc- Zu-Xy-n-\p-thn h-h-cm
Wv. AXn\m GsX-nepsamcp {]hm-N-I\n hniz-kn-m-Xn-cp-m Ah bYm
kXy-\n-tj-[n-I-fm-sWv An-km-Av: 150-151 ]d-n-p-v. kqd: CJvem-kn Amlp-hns\ ]cn-N-bsSpp-Xv C-s\-bmWv. ]d-bp-I: Ah Amlp GI\m-Ip-p,
Ah ]q\pw ap--hcm B{ibn-s-Sph\p-am-Ip-p. Ah {]k-hn-ht\m,
{]k-hn--s--ht\m A, Ah-s\-tmse Hcm-fp-an-. Aqd: 11, Ahs\t]mse Hcp
hkvXphpan Fpw ]d-n-pv. (A-Bw: 59,6066,73,102, lZoZv: 16, k_-Av: 46, apPm
Zne: 7, liv: 1924, A-Km-_p: 113, kpa: 3,6,36,42,45-46,75 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Cv
thZw Jp-B\mWv. AXns hml-IcmWv a\p-jy-cnshv Ghpw [nm-cn-I-fpw, Amlp-hns\ adv Pohn-p--h-cp-sav ImWm-hp--Xm-Wv. AXp-hgn Ah-km\ \mfn
Pmln-en-v AXns ]qm-h--bn hcp-sav \_n (k) ZoL-ho-Ww sNbvXXv
\Snemhp-I-bm-Wv. _Jd: 116-117,255, Ben-Cw-dm: 39,45-,55, An-km-Av: 91,155-159, hniZo-I-cWw t\mpI.
172. akolv Amlphns ASn-a-bm-bn-cn-p--Xn Ipd-n hnNm-cn-p-n
Am-lp-hns kao-]-cmb aepIfpw. BcmtWm Am-lp-hns ASna-bm-bn-cn-p--Xn Ipd-n hnNm-cn-pIbpw Al--cn-p-Ipbpw sNpXv, Atm Ah-sc apgp-h\pw Ah\ntev ]p\Po-hn-nv Hcpan-pIqpXmWv.
adn-bw: 92 ]c-aI
- m-cp-Wn-I\v Hcp km-\s sXsc-s-Sp tbmPn-X
-
- Xs
Fpw, 93 BIm-i-`q-an-I-fn-ep Fm -Hpw ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I\v ASn-a-bm-bn--msX
hcp-n-spw ]d-n-p-v, 9495, Ah-cp-sS-sbmw F-hpw Ah--I-fp-w IW-mn
\nP-s-Spnshn-p-spw Fm-hcpw hn[n-Zn-h-k-\m-fn H-sm--mbn hnNm-c-Wmbn hcp-sapw ]d-n-p-v. (lv: 18 Iqn-hm-bn-p-IBen-Cw-dm: 51 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I). apAvan: 60, \n-fpsS DS-a-bmb \mY ]d-bp-p: \n Fs
hnfnp {]mn-p-hn, Fm Rm \npcw \Ipw. \nbw BcmtWm
Fs hnfnp {]mn-m-sX Al--cn-p-Xv Ahsc lo\-cmbn \c-I-p-WvTn
{]th-in-n-pIXs sNpw. Ah-sc- apgp-h\pw Fp-]-d--Xns hnh-, Al-cnv
492
Jp- B - \ ns Bmhv
]nn-cnv \np--hsc am{X-a-, ASp kq-n ]dbp hnizm-kn-IfSw

apgp-h krn-I-sfbpw hn[n-Zn-hkw Hcp-an-p-Iq-p-sa-m-Wv. _Jd: 186, Ben-Cw-dm: 30,
173. Atm hniz-kn-p-Ibpw kI- A\p-jvTn-p-Ibpw sNp--h
cm-tcm, Ahv Ah-cpsS {]Xn-êw ]q-ambn \IpIbpw, Amlp
Ahs HuZm-cy-n\nv Ahv {]Xn-êw hn-n-p-sIm-Sp-p-Ibpw
sNpw. Fm ASn-a-bm-bn-cn-p--Xn Ipd-n Icp-Xp-I-bpw Al--cnp-Ibpw sNbvX-h-cm-tcm, Ahsc thZ-\m-P-\-I-amb in-sImv innp--Xp-am-Wv. Ah Am-lp-hns\qSmsX Hcp- kw-c--I-s\tbm klmbn-sbtbm AhnsS Is-p-Ibpan-.
Jm^v: 35, B kzK-n Ahv Ah-cp-t-in-p--sXmw Ds-pw, \psS
]\np A[n-Icn -{]-Xn-^-e-ap-spw ]d-bp-p (Jm^v: 31-35 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
A[n-I-cn {]Xn-êw F-Xp-sIm-ptin-p--Xv, I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-f-m \c-I-hmknIp-thn ip]mip A\p-hmZw e`n-psam-Wv. BcmtWm Am-lp-hns
ASn-a-bm-bn-cn-p--Xn Ipd-n-epw A]-am-\hpw shdppw {]I-Sn-nv ]nim-NntXpt]mse
[nmcw ImWn-p-Xv, Ahsc thZ-\m-P-\-I-amb in- cp-Nn-n-p-w. AhnsS ip]mim-sc-tbm, CS-bm-fam-sc-tbm, aX-cm-jv{Sob t\Xm-am-sctbm Hpw ImWp-I-bpan.
(A-Bw: 94, AAvdm^v: 146-147 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). "kn-Zp CkvXn-Kv^m' Bi-btmsS {]mn-p--h am{X-amWv kzK-n {]th-in-p-I Fv Jm^v: 32
]dnpv.
hnizm-kn-I kpPq-Zn Ftmgpw Cs\ {]mn-p--h-cmWv: Am-lp-th,
Rsf \o hn\o-X-cpw, \ns am{Xw Ftmgpw `b-s-Sp--h-cpw, \n\v \n{]I-Sn-np--h-cp-am-t-W-ta. \ns ad--h-cnepw \nn ]p-tNp--hcnepw \-s--h
cnepw Rsf Ds-Sp-m-Xncnt-W-ta. _Jd: 27-28,120, Ben-Cw-dm: 185, An-km
Av: 118 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
174. Hm a\p-jytc, \nbw \n-fpsS DS-a-bmb \mY-\n\np sX-fnhv
\nv hp-Ig
- n-ncn-p-p. hy-amb {]Im-ihpw \mw \nfntev
Cd-n-gn-n-cn-p-p.
175. Atm BcmtWm Am-lp-hns\smv hniz-kn-p-I-bpw AXns\
apdpsInSn-p-Ibpw sNpXv, Atm Ahs\ Ah-\n\np ImcpWy-nepw HuZm-cy-nepw {]th-in-n-p-I-bpw, Ah\ntep Ghpw
sNmmb amKn-tev amKZi\w sNp-Xp-am-Wv.
a\p-jyv sam-ap "_plm'hp-Inn FmWv ]d--Xv. FmWv
_plms\v _Jd: 111s hni-Zo-I-c-Wn t\mp-I. Am-lp-hns apn
GsXmcpImcyhpw Jp-B kq--fpsS \ymb-nemWv kan-t--Xv. AXmWv
Jp-B \n\-v -{]-am-W-am-Wv, As-n \n\-s-Xn {]am-W-am-Wv Fv \_n (k)
]Tn-n--Xns s]mcp. hy-amb {]Imiw Jp-B-\m-Wv. AAvdm^v: 157, {]-hm-N-
An-km-Av (4)
493
I-t\m-sSm-w Cd--s {]Im-is ]n]-p--h-cpw Fp]dXnepw, A-Km-_p:

8, "Atm \n Amlp-hnepw Ahs ZqX-\n-epw \mw Cd-nb {]Im-i-nepw
hniz-kn-p-hn' Fp]dXnepw, amCZ: 15, "\nv A-m-lp-hn\nv {]Im-ihpw, hy-amb {Khpw hp-I-gnp' Fp-]-d-Xnep-ap {]Imiw Jp-B-\m-Wv.
Aq: 35, Amlp BIm-i-`q-an-I-fpsS {]Im-i-am-sWv ]d-n-p-v. Atm
Am-lp-hpw Jp-B\pw {]Im-i-am-Wv. C_vdm low: 1, amCZ: 16, _Jd: 257 kq--fn
{]ImiwsImpt-in-p--Xv Am-lp-hpw Jp-B\pam-Wv. Aqd: 52-, A{]-Imcw
\psS Iev]-\-bn\np Hcp dqlns\ \n\v Znhy-k-t-i-ambn \In-bn-cn-p-p
(ChnsS dqlv Jp-B-\m-Wv), FmWv {Kw FmWv hnizmkw Fsmpw \o Adnbp--h-\m-bn-cp-n-. Fm Amlp AXns\ (dq-ln-s\, {K-s) Hcp {]Im-i-ampI-bpw, Ahs ASn-a-I-fn\nv Ah-\p-t-in-p--hsc AXp-sImv kamK-ntev \bn-p-Ibpw sNpp. \nbw, \o Ghpw t\scsNm-s-bp amK-n-tev
amK-Zi\w sNp--h Xs-b-tm Fp-]-d-bp-p-v.
Am-lp-hn-s\-sm-p hnizmknpI Fp-]-d-m, Jp-B kan-p
hn[-n Amlphn hniz-kn--em-Wv. Am-lp-hns\ (lv: 78, Ben-Cw-dm: 101)
As-n Jp-B\ns\ (B-en-Cw-dm: 103, AAvdm^v: 170) apdpsInSn-pIsbv ]dm, GXp-Im-cy-n\pw Jp-B-\n-tev Xncn-bp-I F-m-Wv. AW--p-]-tbm-Knv
Jp-B ISn-p-]n-Sn-p-I- Fp]d-Xns s]mcpfpw AXv -X-s-bm-Wv. (_Jd: 64,186
Am-lp-hns Imcp-Wyhpw HuZm-cyhpw Jp-B Xs-bm-sWv bq\p-kv: 57-58
]d-n-p-v. Adlvam: 3334 kq-fn Amlp tNmZn-p-p: Pnp-I-fp-sSbpw
a\p-jy-cp-sSbpw kwL-ta, BIm-i--fp-sSbpw `qan-bp-sSbpw AXnn IS-pt]mIm
km[n-p-sa-n t]mIm {ian-pI. A[n-Im-c-an-msX ({]-am-W-an-m-sX) \nv
t]mIm-\m-hn-. Atm \n Ccp-Iq--cp-sSbpw \mYs GXv Ign-hp-I-sf-bmWv \n
\ntj-[n-p-Xv? ChnsS "A[nImcw'(kpm) sImp-t-in-p-Xv Jp-B-\m-Wv.
Ckv d m- A v : 80- , apl- Zv \_n- t bmSv Amlp {]mn- m ]d- p: F\nv
\nn\np Hcp "A[n-Im-cn'sb klm-bn-bmbn \ntbm-KnpXcnI. Cu kq-n
]d A[n-Im-cnbpw (kpm-) Jp-B Xs-bmWv. Ckvdm-Av: 1 ]d
kzKm-tcm-lWw B kpm aptJ-\-bmWv \S--Xv. {]Im-i-am-Ip Jp-B\ns
Bibaps-n BImins hmXn-ep-I XpdpInp-I-bpw, kzK-n {]th-inp-Ibpw sNm-hp--Xm-Wv. {]am-W-amb Jp-B-\ns Bi-bans-n Ahv BImi-ns hmXn-ep-I XpdpsImSp-p-I-tbm, Xpmcs kqNn-bpsS Zzmc-n-eqsS
HIw {]th-in-p-Xphsc kzK-n {]th-in-p-Itbm- C-sv AAvdm^v: 40-
]d-n-p-v (C_vdm-low: 22 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). ^mnl: 6, An-km-Av: 113,170 hni-ZoI-cWw t\mp-I.
176. {]hm-N-Im, Ah \ntmSv hn[n -tNm-Zn-p-p-h-tm, ]d-bp-I: Amlp
\nnXm Iem-e-:bpsS Imcy-n hn[n-\Ip-p. a-fn-m Hcm
acn-p-t]m-bm, Abmsmcp ktlm-Z-cn-bp-s-n Ah hnt-p-t]mIp [\-n ]IpXn Ahp-v. C\n acn-p-t]m-bXv Hcp-kv{Xo-bmsW
Jp- B - \ ns Bmhv
494
nAhv a-fnm- Ah--bnktlm-Z-c Ah-fpsS A\-cm-h-Im-i-sa-Sppw. C\n -]tcX\v cv -k-tlm-Z-cn-I- Ah-Im-in-I-fmbp-sn, \n hnt-p-t]m-Ip-- k--ns aqn cp`mK-n-\v Ah
Al-cmbncnpw. C\n ]e- k-tlm-Z-c ktlm-Z-cn-I-fp-s-n, Atm
]pcpj\v kv{Xohn-ln-X-ns Cc-n-bm-bn-smv Ahn-S-bn `mKn-sSp-t-Xm-Wv. \n ]ng-p-t]m-Im-Xn-cn-p--Xn\pthn Amlp
\nv hni-Zo-I-cnv hy-am-n--cp-p. Amlp Fm-Im-cy-sfp
dnpw Ghpw Adn-bp--h\tm.
An-km-Av: 12 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. Cu kq-nse "Ieme'bpsS Ah-Im-in-I
]nXmshm ktlm-Zc-t\m, ktlm-Z-cntbm BWv. An-km-Av: 11mw kq-n ]d-Xp-t]mse kzw av Inp Ah-Im-i- hnlnXamWv ChnsS Ieme: bpsS
ktlm-Z-c-\pw, ktlm-Z-cn-Ipw Inp--Xv. Ieme:v IqSpX ktlm-Z-camcpw, ktlmZ-cn-I-fp-ap-s-n ]pcp-j\v kv{XobpsS Cc-n-bm-bn-smv `mKn-s-Sp-m-\mWv 11mw
kq-nse t]mse- Chn-sSbpw ]d-n-p--Xv. C\n Iem-e-:bmbn acn-Xv kv{XobmsW-n Ahv `m-hp Ah-bn `mhns hnlnXw \In-b-Xn-\p-tijw
_mn-bp--XmWv ktlm-Z-c-\p-m-hp-I. Amlp Cu \nba\ntZ-i--sfmw \IpXv a\p-jy Am-lp-hns amKn\nv ]ngv ]nim-Nns amKn-tev t]mImXn-cn-m- thnbmWv. Fm Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n\nv ]nimNv a\p-jysc
XS-Xn\m Cu \nb-a-\ntZ-i--sfmpw ]ecpw Pohn-X-n ]men-m-dn-. Atm
^mnl: 7mw kqw Dcp-hn-Sp hnizm-kn-I, "]ng--h-cpsS amK-nep-a' Fp]dbp-tm Cu \nb-a-\ntZ-i--sfmw ]men-m--h-cpsS Iq-ns]-Sp--cptX Fmbn-cn-Ww a\-n-ep-m-bn-cn-t--Xv. Ben-Cw-dm: 90, An-km-Av: 1314,167 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I.
Am-lp-th, R-fpsS lrZ-b-sf Jp-BsImv {]tim-`n-n-t-W-ta,
R-fpsS kz`mhw Jp-BsImv Aecnnt-Wta, Rsf Jp-BsImv
\c-I-s-smv AI-t-W-ta, Jp-BsImv Rsf kzK-n {]th-in-n-pIbpw sNt-W-ta, Hm Jp-B Ah-X-cn-nht\.
Am-lp-th, Jp-B-\ns\ R-fpsS lrZ-b--fpsS hk--am-t-W-ta, R-fpsS

s\p-Isf Jp-BsImv {]Im-in-n-t-W-ta, Jp-BsImv R-fpsS Zp:J
sISp-t-W-ta, Jp-BsImv R-fpsS hnn-fpw, B]-p-I-fpw \on-I-f-tbW-ta, Jp-BsImv Rsf \nn-tepw, A\p-{K-l- k-q-amb \ns kzK-qtm-p-I-fn-tepw apISm\pXpw sXfn-p--Xpw, {]am-W-hp-amn amt-W-ta, \ns
al-mb Imcp-Wyw-sImvHm IcpW sNp--h-cn Ghpw IcpW sNph-t\.
AamCZ (5)
495
5. kqd: AamCZ
lnPvd 6mw hjm-hk
- m-\
- n-epw, 7mw hmjamZy-nepambn Ah-Xc
- n-n-p kq-fmWp Cu kqdnep--Xv. 112mw kq-n lhm-cno- Cukm \_n-tbmSv,
Xm-fpsS dn\v BIm-i-p-\nv R-fp-sS-ta Hcp `-W--fn-I-bn-d-m km[nptam Fv tNmZn--Xns\pSv, 114mw kq-{]-Imcw Cukm \_n Am-lp-hnt\mSv BIm-i-p-\n-smcp `-W--fn-I -C-d-pXn\pthn {]mn-p-Ibpw,
As\ `-W--fn-I-bn-dn AXn\nv `ntijw PqXam-cn s] Bfp-I
AXns\ \ntj-[n--tm 60mw kq-{]-Imcw Ahsc Amlp ]n-I-fmn ]cn-hnn-pIbpw sNbvXp. CXn\nmWv Cu kqd-n\v amCZ (`--W--fn-I) F \maw
h-Xv.
lnPvd 6mw hj-n Dwd-p-thn ]pd-s \_n (k)-sbbpw Bbn-c-n
\m\qtdmfw A\pbmbn-I-sfbpw amapivcnp-I hgn-bnshv XS-bp-Ibpw, XpSv
lpssZ-_n-b-bnshv Icm-dp-m-p-I-bpw sNbvXp. Dwdp t]mIp-tm ]ment
acym-Z-I, Clvdm-an {]th-in-m ]men-t acym-Z-I XpSnb Imcy-fpw
hnizmknIsf Ah XS-Xn\v {]Xn-Im-c-ambn asmcp P\-X-sbbpw \n XS-b-cp
sX-pw, \oXn-]m-en--W-sapw imkn-p-sIm-p kq-fpw Ah-X-cn-p-I-bp-mbn.
\n-fpsS Zo\ns\ ]qn-bm-n, Ckvem-ans\ Zo\mbn \nv Xr]vXn-sp F
aqmw kq-nse `m-K-amWv "l-p hnZm-C'shv Ah-km\ambn Ah-X-cnXv.
6 hpfp-hns\pdn-pw, Xb-pans\-p-dnpw {]Xn-]m-Znpp. BZw k-Xn-If
- psS sIme]m-XI Ncn{Xw Hman-n-p-sImv, \mn sIme-]m-X-Iw, An-adn t]mep \io-I-cW
{]h-\-p in -hn-[n-p-p. GXp-Im-epw Amlp Cd-nb \nb-awsImv hn[n-Iev]n-m--h Xs-bmWv Im^n-dp-I-fpw fzmen-apI-fpw ^mknJp-I-fp-sav
{]Jym-]n-p-p. apv -thZw \I-s--hc-- psS `-W-hpw, kv{XoI-sfbpw hnizm-kn-Iv
A\p-h-Z-\o-b-amsWpw ]d-bp-p. hnizmkw cq]s-Spn kI- sNbvXm
GsXmcmpw kzK-n {]th-in-m-w. {]Xn--I ]men--Wsapw AYhm
{]Xn--I ewLn-m AXn-\p {]mb-n--sa-m-sW-pw hnh-cn-p-p. Iv,
NqXmw XpS-n-bh ]q-ambn hntcm-[-n-pp. _lo-dm, kmC-_, hkzo-e, lmav XpSn
Ip-Im-en-If
- n- Ah shp-]p-enbn-cp Pmln-enm k{-Zmbw ]msS- \nam\w
sNbvXp-sIm-p \nb-a-, bm{X-bn ac-W-am-k--am-b-h hkzn-p sNt--coXn, AXns kmn-Isf hnkvX-cn-p coXn XpS-n-bhbpw {]Xn-]m-Zn-p-p. Ay\m-fn Fm- \-_n-am-scbpw {]tXy-Inp Cukm \_nsb hnNm-cW -sN-p cwKhpw,
Cukm \_n hgn-]n-g-p-t]mb P\-X-s-Xnsc kmywhln-p cwKhpw Nn{Xo-I-cn-p
sImv 120 kq--f-S-nb Cu kqdv Ah-km-\n-p-p.
1.
Hm hnizm-kn-Itf, \n IcmdpI ]q-ambpw ]qn-bm-p-hn.
496
JpB\ns Bmhv
\n Clvdm-an-em-bn-cn-p-tm th-bmSn ]nSnsXmgn-sI-bpw, \nv

hnh-cnv XnpsXm-gn-p Ip-Im-en-hn-`m-K
- fns] Fm arK-fpw
\nv A-\p-hZ- n-s
- -n-cn-p-p. \nbw Amlp A-h\ptin-pXv
hn[n-p-p-h-tm.
hnizm-kn-Isf hnfnv lpssZ-_nb Icm-dnse hyhI am-{X-a, Fm Icm-dpIfpw \n ]qn-bm--Ww FmWv Iev]n-p--Xv. apAvan\q: 8, hnPbw hcnp hnizm-kn-I-fpsS kz`m-h- hnh-cntm Ah Aam-\-p-I-fpw DS--Sn-Ifpw
Icm-dp-I-fp-samw D-c-hm-Zn--tmsS ]qn-bm-p--h-cm-sWv ]d-n-p-v. I]Shn-izm-kn-I-fpsS {]Xy--e--W-amb aqv AS-bm-f--fn-semv: hmKvZw sNbvXm
]men-mXn-cnp-I FXm-sWv \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-cn-p-p. "ABw' F ]ZwsImv Dt-in-p-Xv hfpar-K--fmb BSv, amSv, H-Iw FnhbmWvv. Fm
"_lo-a-p A-B-an' Ip-Im-en-Iv ]pdsa `-n-m-hp ap arK-fpw (apb,
am, Imn.....XpS-nbh DZm-l-cWw) Ds-Sp-p-v. "\nv hnh-cnv XnpsXmgn-v' Fp-]-d-Xv amCZ: 3mw kq-n \njn--am-sWv hnh-cnnp-h-sb-bmWv.
tX-I-fp amwk-`p-p-I-fmb lnw{k -Ppsfbpw, henb \J-ap ]n-I-sfbpw
`n-p-Xv A\p-h-Z-\o-b-a-sv \_n (k) ]Tn-n-npv. Clvdm-an {]th-in-Xn\ptijhpw, ldw ]cn-[n-pnshpw th-bm-S \njn--am-Wv. _Jd: 173 hni-ZoI-cWw t\mpI.
2.
Hm hnizm-kn-Itf, \n Am-lp-hns AS-bm-f-sf A\m-Z-cn--cpXv.

bpw \njn--amb amk--sfbpw \n A\m-Z-cn--cp-Xv. _en-ar-K--sf
t{Zmln-m-Xn-cn-pI, Am-lp-hn-\p hgn]m-Sns AS-bm-f-ambn Igp-n
]-bn arK--fpsSbpwta ssIsh-m-Xn-cn-p-I. akvPn-Zp ldm-ans
]hn-{XX \in-n-m-Xn-cn-p-I, X-fpsS dns Xr]vXn-bpw HuZm-cyhpw
At\zjn-p-sImv IA-_
- n-tev k-cn-p-h
-- sc XS-bm-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw
sNp-hn. \n Clvdm-an\nv hnc-an-m th-bm-Sn-sm-p-I.
\nsf akvPn-Zp ldm-an\nv XS Hcp- P-\-X-tbm-Sp hntZzjw,
Ah-tcmSv AXn-{Iaw (A-\o-Xn) ImWn--hn[w \nsf {`mp-]n-S-nnmXncn-s. \n ]pWy-n-epw, -`nbnepw ]c-kv]cw kl-I-cn-p
hn. i{Xp-X-bn-epw Ip--fnepw \n ]c-kv]cw kl-I-cn-m-Xn-cn-pIbpw sNp-hn. \n Am-lp-hns\ kqn-p-I, \nbw Amlp
AXnITn\-ambn inn-p--h Xs-bm-Ip-p.
Am-lp-hns AS-bm-f- Fp-]-d-m, Amlp \n-bn-n-p AXn-cpI,

Ah-Im-i-, \nb-a- XpS-n-b-hsbmw s]Sp--Xm-Wv. ltm Dwdtbm Dt-inp--h Clvdm-an-e-msX aoJmv hnp-I-S-m-Xn-cn-pI (Dwdtm, lnt\m t]mIp-h {]tXyIw \nP-s-Sp-nb e--fnshv Ipfnp hrn-bmbn hkv{Xw ampXn\mWv Clvdmw Fp-]-d-bp--Xv. AtXm-Sp-IqSn ]q-ambn Nn-bpw, {]hn-I-fp-samw
Am-lp-hn\v kan-p--hcmbn amdp--Xm-Wv), ]pcp-jam Xpnb hkv{X- D]tbm-Kn-m-Xn-cn-p-I XpS-n-b-h-sbmw Am-lp-hns AS-bm-f--fn s]Sp--Xm-Wv.
AamCZ (5)
497
IqSmsX aX-n \n_--an-sv Amlp ]Tn-n-n-cns ap- a-X-m-cpsS Bcm-[-\me-b-, Nn- (lv: 40), aX{K- Fnh A\m-Z-cn-mXn-cn- hnizm-kn
I-fpsS _m[y-X-bm-Wv. \mSp-I-fpsS Nn-amb cmjv{S-]-XmI, tZiob BtLmjw XpSnbhsbbpw Ah-a-Xn-m hnizm-kn-Iv ]mSn-m--Xm-Wv. B-Bw: 108, Amlp-hns\qSmsX Ah hnfn-v -{]mn-p--hsc \n ]gn-m-t\m, shdp-mt\m
]mSn-sv ]Tn-nn-p-v. lpP-dm-v: 11, hnizm-kn-Itf \n-fnsemcp P\X asmcp
P\-Xsb ]cnl-kn--cp-Xv, \n Ipp-hmv ]d-b-cp-Xv, \n No-tcv hnfn--cp
Xv, Ccw {]hrn-I sNbvXv \n-fn-em-sc-nepw tJZn-p-a-S-p-n-s-n Aq-
Xs-bmWv A{I-an-Isfv ]d-n-p-v. aphcpsS thjw \Sw `-W-co-Xn
kwkvImcw XpS-nbhsbsbmw ]cn-l-kn-epw Am-lp-hns AS-bm-f-sf A\mZ-cn--em-Wv. Fm apkven-fns] I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-tfmSv Ah-cpsS a\-n
Xphn[-n Ipp-hm-p-I ]d-b-W-sav An-km-Av: 63 ]d-n-p-v. (BenCw-dm: 119 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). Amlp tIm]n- i]n- sImp-I-f Ccw
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-tfmSv Amlp kzoI-cn AtX\bw Xs-bmWv Ahs {]Xn-\n-[n-Ifmb hnizm-kn-Ifpw kzoI-cnp-I. hKo-b-X tZio-b-X hwio-b-X XpS-nb ZpKp-W
shp-]p-e Am-lp-hns AS-bm-f-sf A\m-Z-cn--em-Wv. bpw \njn--amb
amk-fpsS ]hn-{XX apivcn-I apv ]men-n-n-s-nepw hnizm-kn-I ]men--W-sam-Wv ]d-bp-Xv. AXp-t]mse "lZvb'bmbn- sImp-t]m-Ip _en-ar-K-sf t{Zmlnp-I-tbm, sIm-sN-p-Itbm Hpw ]mSn-smWv hnizm-kn-Isf DWp--Xv. _enar-K--fm-sWv sXfn-bn-p--Xn-\p-thn Igp-n ]-bn arK--sf-bpw, B ]-sbbpw
A\m-Z-cn--cp-sX-mWv ]d-bp--Xv. ]e -apivcnv tKm{X-mcpw a-bn-tev Xom-S\-n\v t]mbn-cp-p. Fm hnizm-kn-I am{Xw sNp-Xv amapivcnp-I XSp. Atm apkven-fpsS \mn-eqsS a-bn-tev t]mIp ap apivcnv tKm{Xm-sc, hnizm-kn-Isf XS--Xn-ep tcmjw-shv XS-b-cp-sX-mWv ]Tn-n-p--Xv. AXpt]mse akvPn-Zp ldm-ans imn-bpw, kam-[m-\hpw Cm-Xm-p hmpw {]hnI-fp-sampw hnizm-kn-I-fn\nv D-m-bn-q-Sm Fpw ]Tn-n-pp.
Clvdman\nv hnc-an-m th-bm-Sn-sIm-pI Fp-]-d--Xn\nv, Clvdm-an
\np hnc-an--bp-Ss\ th-bm-S-W-sa-, adnv Clvdm-an-em-bn-cn-p-tm th-bm-Sp-Xns\pdn-tm ap-ù-XnI t\-sfpdntm Nn-bn-msX Am-lp-hns kvac-Wbn \ne-sIm--W-sa-m-Wv. am-CZ: 94 Amlp ]d-bp-p: \n-fpsS ssIIpw,
Ap-Ipw Fn-sSp-h
- n-[
- n th-ar-K
- sf \n-fpsS ASp-t-b
- v Amlp
\nsf ]co-n-p--Xm-Wv. \n-fn BcmWv AZr-iy-ambn Ahs\ `b-s-Sp--sXv
Am-lp-hn\v Adn-bmthn. Am-lp-hns hn[n-hn-e-p-I-f-S-nb thZw hp-In-nbnv AXns\ Ah-K-Wnv, Am-lp-hns AS-bm-f- A\m-Z-cnp Pohn-m, \nbw
Ahsc ITn-\-ambn inn-pIXs -sNpsav ]d-Xns Dt-iyw, Ahs-Xncmbn Jp-B kmywhln-p-Ibpw hmZn-p-Ibpw sNpsam-Wv. apPm-Zne: 8, aZo\-bn-ep-m-bn-cp I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I i{Xp-X-bnepw Ip-Ir-Xy--fnepw cl-ky-kw-`m-jWw
\S-p-Xv hntcm-[n--s-n-cp-s-nepw B hntcm-[-sbpw {]hm-N-I-s\bpw adn-I-Sv
Xn-bnepw i{Xp-X-bnepw clkykw`m-jWw \S-n-bn-cp-s-pw, 9, Atm hnizmkn-Isf hnfnv Amlp ]d-bp-p: Hm hnizm-kn-Itf, \n cl-ky-kw-`m-jWw \S-pI-bm-sW-n {]hm-N-Is\ [n-cn-p-sImv i{Xp-X-bnepw Xn-bn-ep-am-h-cp-Xv. ]Icw
498
JpB\ns Bmhv
\-bnepw ]pWy-nepw \S-p-I. 10, \n-b-am-bnpw kXy-n-s\-Xn-sc-bp clky-kw-`m-jWw ]nim-Nn\npXpw, AXv hnizm-kn-Isf Zp:Jnn-m-\p-f-fXpamWv.
Fm AXp-hgn Am-lp-hns thp-I- Iq-SmsX hnizm-kn-Isf Hcp D]-{Z-hhpw G]nm Ign-bn-. hnizm-kn-I Am-lp-hn-emWv `c-ta]n-t--Xv. \lv: 99, XfpsS \mY-\n `c-ta]n hnizm-kn-I-fn ]nim-Nn\v bmsXmcp kzm[o-\hpw A[n-Im-chp-an-sv ]dnp-v. _Jd: 39,102,159-161,177, Ben-Cw-dm: 4,90, An-km-Av: 167-169
hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
3.
ihw, cw, ]n-amw-kw, Am-lp-hn-\v th-n-b-msX t\-bmbn \onshXv, izmkw apn N-Xv, ASn-p-sIm-Xv, apI-fn\nv Xmtgm-phoWv
N-Xv, Xn Ipn NXv, lnw{k-P-p- XnXv Poht]m-Ip-Xn\papv \n Adp-m-sem-gnsI{]XnjvSTIp-thn _en-bn-s--Xv, \n Ap-sImv `mKyw]co-nv `mKwshXv Fnh \n
v \njn--am-n-bn-cn-p-p. AsXmw ISp Im]-Sy-ap-f-hm-p
A[-am-Ip-p. CtZnhkw kXy-\n-tj-[n-I \n-fpsS Zo\ns\pdnv
XnIpw \ncm-ic-- mbn Ign-n-cn-p-p, AXn-\m \n Ahsc `b-s-S
cp-Xv, \n Fs `b-s-Sp-hn. Cv \n-fpsS Zo \nv Rm
kq-amncn-I-bpw, Fs A\p-{K-l- \n-fp-sS-ta Rm
]qo-I-cn-p-I-bpw, \nv Zo\mbn Ckvemans\ Rm Xr]vXnsSpIbpw sNbvXn-cn-p-p. Atm C\n-bm-sc-nepw Ak-lyamb hni-n\m
\n_-n-X\
- mbn, ]m]w sNp-X
- n-\p B{KlanmsXCh-bn- G-sXn
epsamv `n-tnhm \nbw Amlp Gsd s]mdp--- ImcpWy-hm\-tm.
_Jd: 173 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. GsX-nepw Hcm-]-ns]v Pnht]mb arKsf `n-m ]mSn-. Fm {]kvXpX B]-n-\v C-c-bm-bnpw Pohs eWw
ImW-p-I-bpw Adp--p-Ibpw sNbvXm `n-m-hp--Xm-Wv. Pohn-I-fpsS amwkw A\p-hZ-\o-b-am-I-W-sa-n Ahsb Adpv cw If-b-W-sav kmcw. Ad-h-m asmcp
amKn IqSn amwkw A\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-Ip--X-. ZIm-v, Z_vlv Fo kmt-XnI ]Z
-fpsS Aw, Pohn-bpsS IWvT-\mfw apdnv cw \-t]mse ]pd-p-I-f-bp-I F-m
Wv. Igp-p-sR-cntm, ASntm ap-cq-]-ntem Poh t]mIp--Xv sIm-p tZmjw,
cw apgp-h ico-c-n sIn-In-Sv amwk-n Iecpsa-p--Xm-Ip-p. Fm
Adp-p-tm ico-c-n\v Xe-tm-dp-am-bp _w Iptd- k-a-b-t-v A-h-ti-jn-p-Xn-\m \mUn Rc-p-I-fnse cw hmv amwkw c-n\nv \-t]mse ipam-bn-o-cp--Xm-Wv. cw ldm-amsWv ]d--Xn-\m amwkw lem-em-Ip--Xn\v
AXv Hgp-Ip cn\nv \-t]mse thXncntb--XmIp-p.
{]XnjvTIp-thn _en-bn--s-Xv Fp-]-d-m, Amlp Am-hp-thn t\-h-gn-]m-Sp-I An-p--Xn-\p-thn {]tXyIw \n-bn--s e-fnshv _en-b-dp--s-Xv Fm-WvAhnsS In-s-tbm atm -hn-{Klw Dm-bn-cns Cm-Xn-cn--s. C\n {]Xn-jvT-I-fn-e-msX arK-sftbm ap `-W-km-[-\-tfm
t\-bmbn, hgn-]m-Smbn \on-sh-p-Xpw \njn--am-sW-mWv Am-lp-hn-\p-th-n-
AamCZ (5)
499
b-msX t\-bmbn \on-sh-XpsImv D-t-in-p--Xv. "Ap-sImv `mKyw ]con-p-I-' Fp]d-Xns hnh-, am apivcnp-InS-bn Ap-I-fn hnhn[
\-dp-I As-n AS-bm-f- tcJ-s-Spn km[-\- `mKn-s-Sp-p--Xn\pw,
\- Xn-I
- thXn-cn-d
- n-bp-X
- n\pw, `mhn Imcy-f
- psS KpW-tZm-j
- Adn-bp-Xn\pw
apw \dp-n-n-cp- k{-Zmbw \S-n-ep-m-bn-cp-p. amC-Z: 90-91 kq-fn Iv,
NqXmw, Amlp Am--h-cpsSta t\-h-gn-]m-Sp-I \S-, Ap-IsImv
\dp-n-s-Sp- Fmw ]nim-Nns amen-\y--fns]-Xm-Wv, AXpsImv hnizm-kn
Itf, \n Ah-sbmw hn-pI Fv Iev]n-n-p-v. (An-km-Av: 51 hni-Zo-IcWw t\m-p-I). Ckvem-anI ico-Av samw a\p-jyp--Xm-b-Xn-\m Adp--sSm amwkw hnizm-kn-Iv am{Xa--, ap--hv \IpXpw \njn--am-Wv. ImcWw
-A-Xns\ Im]-Sy-ap-f-hm-p A[-samWv hnti-jn-n-n-p--Xv.
"CtZn\w' Fp-]d
-
m, {]kvXpX kq-`mKw AhX-cn-n lnPvd 10mw hjw
l-p hnZm-Cs \mfns\bmWv kqNn-n-p--Xv. AtXm-Sp-IqSn BZw \_n apX
Ay-\m--h-sc-bp krn-Iv Amlp Xr]vXn-s Pohn-X-hy-hbmb Ckvemw
]qn-bmn Ignp. (Ben-Cw-dm: 19,85 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI). _mp-hn-fn-Xn\ptijw \_n-bpsSta {]mn-p-I-bpw, ilm-Zv sNp-I-bpw sNbvX-tijw Rm
Am-lp-hns\ DS-a-bm-bpw, Ckvem-ans\ Zo\m-bpw, apl--Zns\ (k) \_n-bmbpw dkqembpw Xr]vXn-sp Fv {]mn-m JpZvkn-mb lZokn \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-pv.
l-p hnZm-C ]qn-bm-nb Ckvemw {ItaW ]ncn-bp-SpXpS-n. F\n
p-tijw apXphjw Ign-m `nnp hcpsav \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. JpB
HmXp ^mPn, ap\m-^n-Jv, apAvan Fo aqp-hn-`m-K-apm-Ipsapw, AX-n apAvan\v
am{Xta Jp-BsImv KpWw-e-`n-p-I-bpq Fpw \_n (k) ]Tn-n-p. Ahkm\\mfn Hcp-hn-`mKw P\-X-h-cpw; Ah Jp-B-t\m-Xpw, ]t AXv sXm-p-gnp
Xmsg Cd-p-I-bn- (lrZ-b-n Fp-I-bn-), Ah AXp-ap-tJ\ hnn\nv ApsX-dn-p thK-n Zo\n\npw sXdn-p-t]m-Ip--Xm-sWpw \_n (k) ]Tn-n-np-v. Cv `qcn-] apkvenfpw Jp-B\ns Bi-b-an-m--Xn-\m, AXns hn[nhn-e-p-Iv hncp--am-bp Fm \njn--amb `-W-hn-`-h-fpw `n-phcpw
AXphgn Im]-Sy-n-epw A[-nepw B]-Xn-n-cn-p-hcpam-Wv. CX-c- P-\-v
amXr-I-bm-tI Ah ap--h-cm ]cn-l-kn--s-Sp--h-cmbn amdn-bn-cn-p-p. Ch
ImcWw ap--h Ckvem-ans\sbpw ]cn-l-kn-p-I-bpam-Wv. CXn-s-sbmw ]m]`mcw, `mcw-h-lnp Igp-X-I-sf-tmse {Kw-h-ln-p Ch Xs-bmWv hln-tnh-cnI Fv Ch Adn-bp-n-. (A-Bw: 26, AAvdm^v: 176, d-AvZv: 11, PpapA: 5, ^pJm:
17-18,30 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Ben-Cw-dm: 28,72 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
4.
Xv A\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-b-sX-m-sWv P\-w \ntmSv tNmZn-p-p-h-tm,

]d-bpI \_n-tb: ]cn-ip--amb hkvXp--sfmw \n-\p-h-Zn--s-ncn-p-p. Amlp \Inb Adn-hp-{]-Imcw \n ]cn-io-en-n th-arK- \nv ]nSnpXcp-Xpw (A\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-Ip-p). Atm Ah
\npthn ]nSn-p-sIm-p-hc
- p-Xv `n-p-I. Fm AXn-sta
500
JpB\ns Bmhv
\n Am-lp-hns \maw Hm-t-Xpv. \n Am-lphns\ lrZb-n kqn-p-I, \nbw Amlp thK-n hnNm-c-W \S-p-h
Xs-bm-Ip-p.
thbmSm ]cn-io-en-n \mb, \cn, ]cp-v, {]mn-Sn-b XpS-nb th-ar-K-fpw

]n-Ifp-w ]nSn-p-sIm-p-hc
- phsb `n-m-hp-X
- pam-Wv. Ah ]nSn-p-sIm-p-hc
- pXv
DS-a--\p-th-n-bm-bn-cnpwAh-v -th-n-bm-bn-cn-n-. Cm-c-W-m km[mcWar-K- ISn-p-sIm Pohn-IfpsS amwkw \njn-hpw, ]cn-io-en-n th-ar-K- ]nSn
Dcp Poht]m-bmepw A\p-h-Z-\o-bhpam-Wv. th-ar-Ks Ab-p-tm Am-lp-hns
\maw kvacn- \n_--am-Wv. Am-lp-hns \maw kvacn-m Ah--bn thar-K- ]nSn-p-sIm-p-hXv A\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-hp-I-bn. \nv (D-t-iyw) CmXn\m Ah ]nSn-p-Xv Ah-pth-n-bm-Wv AmsX DS-a--\p-th-n-b-.
tXmpsIm-pw Ap-sImpw th-bm-Sp-tm-gp hn[nbpw CXv Xs-bm-Wv. Amlp-hns \maw kvacn-p-sIm-m-bn-cn-Ww Av -hn-Sp-Xv As-n sh-Sn-sh-p-Xv
Fp-am-{Xw. "Asseln' Fp-]-dXns hnh-, Dcp-hns\ sImp--Xn\papv (thar-Ks hnSp-tm, shSn-sh-p-tm) Am-lp-hns \maw kvacn-WsamWv. adnv
"Asselm'Fp-]-d-bm--Xn\m `n-p-tm _nkvan sNmn-bm aXn-sbhmZw
sXm-Wv. A-Bw: 121, Am-lp-hns \maw kvacn--s-Sm-Xv \n Xn-cp-Xv,
\nbw AXv Im]-Sy-ap-f-hm-p--Xm-Wv. \n-b-w \n-tfmSv hmZn-p--Xn\pw Xnp--Xn\pwthn ]nim-Np- Ah-cpsS an{XtfmSv t_m[\w sN--pIXs sNpw.
Ahsc A\p-k-cn-p-I-bm-sW-n \n Am-lp-hn ]p-tN apivcnpI Xsbm-bn-cnpw Fp-]-d-np-v. A-Bw: 119, Am-lp-hns \maw kvacn--s-Xn\nv `n-m-Xn-cn-m \nsv XSw? \nv \njn-am-n-b-sX-msWv \nv hy-ambn hni-Zo-I-cnv Xn-p--tm. Fm \n_nXm-h-bn Ah-bn\npw `n-m-hp--Xm-Wv. P\- A[n-I-t]cpw Adn-hn-msX AhcpsS Cm-\n- aptJ\ \nsf hgn-]n-g-npIXs sNpw. \nbw \ns dv
]cn[n ewLn Cu B{I-an-Isf Ghpw Adn-bp--h Xs-b-tm. _Jd: 120,145,
Ben-Cw-dm: 190,191,199 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
5.
Ct-Zn-hkw ]cn-ip--amb hkvXp--sfmw \nv A\p-h-Zn--s-n-cnp-p. thZ-m-cpsS `Ww \npw, \nfpsS `Ww Ahpw
A\p-h-Zn--s-n-cn-p-p. kXy-hn-izm-kn-I-fmb Nmcn-{Xy-h-Xn-I-sf-bpw,
\npapv thZw -\I-s--hcn \np Nmcn-{Xy-h-Xn-Isfbpw \nv A\p-h-Zn--s-n-cn-p-p\n Ahp hnhm-l-aqeyw \In
smpw, hy`n- N mcamIp thr- nbntes- S m- s X ]mXn- h rXyw
kqnp-sImpw, Pmc-k
- m-\
- sf sXsc-s-SpmXn-cn-m- thnbpw
Ahsc hnhm-lkwc-W-n sImp-h-c (A\p-h-Zn--s-n-cn-pp).
Bscnepw hnizm-k-s aqSn-sh-m, Atm-f-hs {]h-\-sfmw
\njv^-ehpw, Ah ]c-n Fmw \-s-hcn s]-h-\p-am-bncn-pw.
Fm a\p-jycpw ]cn-ip-hpw A\p-h-Z-\o-b-hp-amb `-W-tf D]-tbm-Kn-m-hq

FmWv Amlp ]Tn-n-p--Xv. Fm B Iev]\ kzoI-cn-pI hnizm-kn-I am{X
AamCZ (5)
501
am-Wv. Adp--s arK--fpsS `Ww am{Xta A\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-hp-I-bp-q; ]ckv]cw

Xr]vXn-s I-h-S-n-eq-sS-bp hcp-am-\hpw A\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-nbn-cn-p-p (_Jd: 188,
An-km-Av: 2932 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I). hnizm-kn-Iv Nmcn-{Xy-h-Xn-I-fmb hnizmkn-\n-I-sfbpw, apv thZw \I-s--h-cn\np Nmcn-{Xy-h-Xn-I-sfbpw hnhm-l-aqeyw
\In hnhmlw sN A\p-h-Z-\o-b-amWv. Fm Dtiyw \m-bn-cn--Ww, AYhm
hy`n-Nm-cp--n-tev t]mIm-Xn-cn-m-\pw, Pmc-k-m-\- Dm-ImXncn-m\pw eywshp-sImv B kv{XoIv hnhm-l-ns kwc-Ww \Im-\p-am-bn-cn--Ww A-Xv.
Fm hnizmkn\nI-fmb kv{XoIsf thZ-mcmb ]pc-pjamv hnhmlw sNbvXpsIm-Sp-m ]mSn-. hnizm-k-n amwhcp-m Hcmpw km[y-a-, Hmtcm-cp-cpw
{km-hn-t\mSv _-sv hnizmkw kzbw cq]-s-Sp-Ww. hnhmlw Ign-ptm
`mcy hnizm-kn-bm-bn-cn--W-sa \n_--\-bn-; Fm ]pcp-j bYm hnizmknbmsW-n `mcy-sbbpw Ipn-I-sfbpw \c-I-n\nv XS-b Alvcow: 6, Aqd: 45
Fo kq-f-\p-k-cnv Ahs _m[y-X-bm-Wv. AXp-sIm-v IqSnbmWv ]pcp-jam
kv{XobpsS \nb-m-Zm--fmsWv An-km-Av: 34 ]d--Xv. ]pcp-j B-\n-b{Ww ]menv kv{XobpsS hnImcw ian-n-p-hm IS-a-s-n-cn-p-p. AXphgn AhfpsS
hnizmkw bYm-hn-izm-k-amn amm ]pcp-j\v km[n-p--Xm-Wv. Atm hnizmkn-b-m Hcp- ]p-cp-j- Cu D-c-hm-Zn--sampw {in-msX Ah-t\m-sSmw `mcysb-bpw, IpSpw-_m-wK-sfbpw \c-I-n-temWv sImp-t]mhpI-sb--Xn-\m hnizmkn-\n-Isf hnizm-kn-I-f-m ]pcp-jamv hnhmlw sNbvXp-sIm-Sp- A\p-h-Z-\o-b
a- (An-km-Av: 25,165 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). Jp-B\ns Bibw Inn-b-Xn-\ptijw AXns hn[n-hn-e-p-I Ah-K-Wn-p- Po-hn-m Ahs {]h-\- apgph \jvS-sSp-Xm-Wv. kpa: 65, \n-b-ambpw \n\pw \ns apphpw
Znhyt_m[\w \In-bn-pv, \nbw \o Am-lp-hns A[n-Im-c-mh-Im-i--fn ]ptNp-I-bm-sW-n \ns {]h-\- ]mgmbnt]mhp-Ibpw Fmw \jvSs-hcn
s]h\mbnocp-Ibpw sNp-sav ]dnp-v. Cuam hn-m-\p D]-I-c-WamWv
Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-sav A^m: 2 ]d-ncn-p--Xn-\m AXns\ aqSn-sh-h
\ntj-[n-I-fmbn Fmw \-s--h-cns]p-t]m-hpI Xs sNpw. (_Jd: 39,121,176,186,221
6.
Hm hniz-kn-h
- tc, \n \a-kvImcn\pthn \n-m \n-fpsS apJfpw, apphsc ssIIfpw Igp-tI--Xm-Ip-p. \n \n-fpsS Xe XShpI
sRcn-bm-Wn-hsc Imep-Ifpw. C\n \n P\m-_-p-Im-cm-bm Ipfn-p
-ip-n-bm-hpI. C\n \n-fn-sem-cm tcmKn-bmbn As-n bm{X-bn-embn
As-n \n ae-aq-{X-hn-k\w sNbvXp As-n kv{Xokw-kKw
\Sn, Fm shw Is-n-bXp-an- Fn, ipn-bp av D-]tbm-KnpsImp-I. Atm B ap-sImv \n-fpsS apJ-hpw, ssIIfn\npw XS-hp-I. Amlp \n-fpsSta _pn-apv Dt-in-p-n-,
Fm \n ipn-bp--h-cm-bn-cn-m\pw, \n-fp-sS-ta Ahs A\p{Klw ]qo-I-cnv Xcm\pamWp-t-in-p--Xv, \n \n-bp--h-cmhp-IXs -th-W-sa--Xn\pthn.
\a-kvImcn\p-thn -\n-m Fp-]-d--Xns hnh-, _mp-sIm-Sp--Xn\v
502
JpB\ns Bmhv
tij-amWv AwKip-o-I-cWw (hp-fq-Av) sNt--sX-m-Wv. apJw sImp-t-in-p-Xv,

Hcp sNhn-pn apX at sNhn-pn hsc-bpw, Xe-apSn apX s\n-b-Sw XmSn-sbns At-bw hsc-bp `mK-am-Wv. Atm AXn\nS-bn hcp aqns D`mKw, I]o-f-I- Fmw hrn-bm--Ww. ssII app-h-sc Fp]d-Xns Dtiyw
apps-sS- Fm-Wv. Xe-bn\nv Fp]d-n-n-m-Xn\m Xe apgp-h-\p-amWv
XS-th--Xv. sNhn Xe-bn s]-XmbXp-sImv D`m-K-hpw ]pdw-`m-Khpw Xe-tbm-sSmw
XShn hrn-bm--Ww. Imep-I- sRcn-bmWnbpssS XS-hp-I-tbm Igp-Ip-Itbm sNWw. Igp-Im {]bm-k-ap apdn-hp-I-tfm As-n XWp-v Im-em-h-tbm atm BsW
n Imep-Ifpw XS-hn-bm aXn. hpfp sNbvX-Xn-\p-tijw Imep-I-fn tkmIvkv (Imepd) [cn-pI-bm-sW-n ]noSv hpfp sNp-tm AXn-\p-ap-I-fn XS-hn-bm aXn.
bm{X-mv aqv Znh-khpw Am--hv Hcp Znh-khpw C{]-Imcw tkmIvkn-s-ta
XShn hpfp sNm-hp--Xm-Wv Fv \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. (An-km-Av: 43 hni-Zo-IcWw Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
Xbpw sNp-tm apsImv, apJhpw \n-fpsS ssII-fn\npw XS-hpI
Fp]dXp-sImv ssII appssS XS-th--Xn-, Ccp-ssI-Ifpw aWn-IWvTw
hsc XS-hn-bm aXn. ae-aq-{X-hn-k\w sNbvXv shw-In-m-h--bnepw shw
D]tbmKn-m ]m--hw XWp-p-Imemhbnepw, Cv an\p]-Icw Snjyq t]dp-I D]-tbm-Knv XpS-v -hr-n-bm-m-hp--Xm-Wv. ap-sImv XS-hp-I-hgn icocmhbh- hrnhcp-pI F-X, adnv Bmhv ipn-bp--h-cm-bn- Ftmgpw Amlv
F kvac-W-bn \ne-sIm-pI FmWpt-in-p--Xv. Amlp-hns kvac-W-bn-msX- hpfp sNp--h\v hpfp C Fv \_n (k) ]Tn-nnp-v. Bm-hns\ ipn-hcp-msX (A-w-kv: 910, AAve: 14) icocw F{X -ip-n-h-cp-n-bnpw Imcy-an-. Bmhns\ ipn-h-cp-msX Hcmfpw hnizm-kn-bm-hp-I-bn-, kzK-n {]th-in-p-I-bpan-.
Bm-hns\ ipn-h-cp-m-\p D]-I-c-W-amWv samw Jp-B\ns Bi-bw. (_Jd:
186 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). hpfphns Ah-km-\w CS-t-Im Igp-Ip--tXm-Sp-IqSn:
Am-lp-th, \o Fs ]m] s]mdp-pX-cn-I-bpw, Fs hoSns\ hnim-e-am-n--cnI-bpw, Fs `-W-hn-`-h--fn h\hv \Ip-Ibpw sNt-Wta Fpw tijw
ilm-Z-v sNm-p-Ibpw, Amlpth, Fs \o ]m--]n-p--h-cpsS Iq-nepw,
ipoIcn-p--h-cpsS Iq-n-epw, \ns k-\--fpsS Iq-nepw Ds-Sp-t-Wta
Fv {]mn-m\pw \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-pv.
\n-fn\nv Hcm Dd-n\nv Fgp-t-m Ahs ssI sh-n-en-Sp-Xn-\p-apv Igp-tI--XmWv, ImcWw \n-fpsS ssII Dd-n Fhn-sS-bm-bn-cpp
Fv \nv Adn-bpIbn Fv \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-pv. Jp-B-\ns Bi-bn\nv t]mb-Xp-Im-cWw, hrn Cuam-\n s]-XmWv Fv \_n(k) ]Tn-n-sXmpw a\-n-em-m--hn[w Ghpw IqSp-X hrn-bn-m--h-cpw Fm tcmK--sImpw _pn-a-p--h-cmbn hpfp FSp-p apkven Cv A[:]Xn--Xmbn Jp-Bs\ _kzm-C-dmbn D]-tbm-Kn-m Im-Wm Ign-bpw. _Jd: 152,222,254 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
7.
(Hm hnizm-kn-I-tf), \n-fp-sS- ta-ep Am-lp-hns A\p-{Klhpw Ah
AamCZ (5)
503
\n-fn\nv hmn-bn-p {]Xnbpw \n Hmp-hn. AXmbXv

R tIpIbpw R A\p-k-cnpIbpw sNbvXn-cn-pp Fv
\n ]d-n-p-Xv Hmp-hn, \n Am-lp-hns\ kqnp-Ibpw
sNp-hn. \nbw Amlp s\pI-fpsS Ah-bdn-bp--h\tm.
_Jd: 285 {]hm-N-I\pw hnizm-kn-I-fpw, Am-lp-hns\smpw Ahs ae-pI-sfsmpw Ahs ZqXam-scsmpw hniz-kn-p--h-cpw, B ZqXam-nS-bn
Hcp hnth-N\
- hpw ImWn-m-h
- cpw, R tIp A\p-kc
- np Fp]d-h
- c
- p-am-sWv
]d-n-p-v. BZ-ans\ krn--tm Xs Ay-\m hsc-bp Fm a\p-jy-scbpw
kzK-n krnpIbpw, Ah-tcmSv "Rm\-stbm \n-fpsS DS-a-bmb dv' Fp
tNmZn--tm Fm-hcpw "AsX \mYm, R kmyw-h-ln-p-p-'shv]dXv
AAvdm^v: 172-173 Hman-nnp-v. Fm B Icm ChnsS ]men-p-Po-hn-p--h
hnizm-kn-I am{X-am-Wv. AXp-t]mse Ben-Cw-dm: 187, {Kw \In-b-h-tcmSv AXv
P\-v shfn-hm-pIXs- th-W-sa-pw, \nfXv aqSn-sh--cp-sXpw {]Xn
hmnb Imcyhpw ]d-n-p-v. hnizm-kn-ItfmSv Am-lp-hns A\p-{Kls HmanpIsbp ]d-Xv, {Kw hni-Zo-I-cnpXcp {]hm-N-Is\ \ntbm-KnpI hgn \c-IIp-WvT-ns hn-em-bn-cp Ahsc cnv kzKn-tev \bn-p D-a-k-ap-Zmb-amn amn F-Xm-Wv. (Ben-Cw-dm: 81,103 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). Am-lp-hns\
kqn-p-I-sb-m lrZ-b--fpsS Ah--b-dn-bp Am-lp-hn\nv Hpw ad-psh-m km[y-a-s-pw, Cltem-I- PohnXnse Hmtcm\nanjs-p-dnpw hn[n-Znhkw Ahs apn Dcw ]d-tb-n-h-cp-sapap t_m[-n \ne-sIm--em-Wv.
AXn-\p D]-I-c-W-amWv Ah-\n-tev Fn-s-Sm-\p, Sn-mb Jp-B\ns samw
Bi-bw (Ckm: 29 t\mp-I).- _Jd: 255, Ben-Cw-dm: 102, An-km-Av: 21 hni-ZoI-cWw t\mpI.
8.
Hm hniz-kn--h-tc, \n Am-lp-hn-\p-thn Dd-p-\n-e-sIm-p--h-cpw,

\oXnsImv kmyw hln-p-h
- c
- p-am-Ip-hn. Hcp P\-Xt- bm-Sp hntcm[w
\nsf \oXn ]men-m-Xn-cn--hw {`mamcm-m-Xn-cn--s.
\n \oXn-]m-en-p-I, AXmWv `n-tbmSv Gw ASp-n-p--Xv. \n
Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-b-n kqn-p-hn, \nbw Amlp \n
{]hn-p-s
- Xmw t\ct \n-bnv tcJ-s-Sp-n-sh-n-p-X
- m-Ipp.
\n Am-lp-hn-\p-thn Dd-p-\n-e-sIm-p--h-cpw, \oXnsImv kmywhlnp--h-cp-am-Ip-hn Fp-]-d--Xns hnh-, \n Jp-BsImv kmyw-h-lnphn Fm-Wv. An-km-Av: 135, bq\pkv: 4, lqZv: 85, lZoZv: 25 XpS-nb kq--fnsemw ]d "JnkvXzv'(\o-Xn) sImp-tiw Jp-B-\ns Bi-bw Xs-bm-Wv. amCZ:
42, lpP-dmv: 9, apwX-ln\: 8 Fo kq-fpw Ah-km-\n-p-Xv \nbw Amlp
apJvkn-Xo-sf (Jp-BsImv \oXnIev]np-h
- sc) C-s-Spp F Bi-b
- nem
Wv (Alv: 90 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). CkvdmAv: 35, Ap-A-dm-Av: 182 Fo kq--fn
]d \n "JnkvXmkp- apkvXJow'sImv XqpI Fp-]-dXv kzndm-p
apkvX-Jo-amb \oXn-bpsS Xpem-kp-sImv XqpI Fm-Wv. Jew: 4, \nbw \o
al-mb kz`m-h-ns DS-a-bmWv Fv \_n-sb-p-dnv ]d-n-p-v. Jp-Bs\bpw
504
JpB\ns Bmhv
"almbXv'Fv D]-tbm-Kn-n-p-v. \_n-bpsS kz`mhw Jp-B Xs-bm-bn-cpp.

_Jd: 255 Ah-km-\n-p--Xv, Amlp alm-\mWv F Bi-b-n-em-Wv. Atm-
alm-\mb Am-lp-hns kz`mhw Xs-bm-Wv apl-Zv \_n-v Dm-bn-cp-Xv. Amlp-hns {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmb hnizm-kn-Ipw B kz`mhw Xs-bm-bn-cn--Ww. hnizmknItfmSv Ftmgpw Cs\ {]mn-m \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-pv: ""Am-lp-th, almb Cu Jp-Bs\ R-fpsS lrZ-b--fpsS hk-am-t-W-ta, R-fpsS s\p-IfpsS {]Im-i-hp-am-t-W-ta''. asmcp {]m-\-bn ""Am-lp-th, R-fpsS lrZ-bsf Jp-BsImv {]ti-`nn-t-W-ta, R-fpsS kz`m-h-sf Jp-BsImv
Ae--cn-n-t-W-ta. _Jd: 177,234, An-km-Av: 135, amCZ: 2 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
9.
hniz-kn-p-I-bpw kI- A\p-jvTn-p-Ibpw sNp--hv ]m]tam-N\

- hpw al-mb {]Xn-ê
- hpw \Ip-sav Amlp hmKvZm\w sNbvXncnp-p.
Aq: 55, \n-fn\nv hniz-kn-p-Ibpw kI- A\pjvTn-p-Ibpw

sNp--hv `qan-bn Ah-cpsS apKm-an-Isf {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fm-n-bXpt]mse Ah-scbpw
{]Xn-\n-[n-I-fm-p-sa-pw, Ahv Xr]vXn-s Pohn-X-hy-h (Zo) \S-n-em-m-\p
Ah-kcw \Ip-sa-pw, Ah-cpsS `b-n-\p-tijw Ahv imnbpw kam-[m-\hpw
]Icw \Ip-sapw hmKvZm\w sNpp. AXp-sImv \n F\n-p-thn am{Xw
Pohn-p-I, Fn Hns\bpw ]p-tNm-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-I. Atm AXn-\ptijw Bsc-nepw \ntj-[n-I-fm-hp-I-bm-sW-n, Aq- Xs-bm-Ipp sXm-SnI
Fp-]d
-
n-p-v. bmko: 11-, Jp-B\
- ns Bibw ]n]-p-Ib
- pw, ]c-aI
- m-cp-WnIs\
Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n Iv `b-s-Sp-Ibpw sNp--h\v ]m]-tam-N-\hpw am\yamb
{]Xn-^-e-hp-ap-sv ktm-j-hm Adn-bn-n-p-v. _Jd: 186, Ben-Cw-dm: 136,194
10.
Fm \psS kq-sf (Jp-B) aqSn-sh-p-Ibpw If-hmn

Xnd-bp-Ibpw sNp--h-tcm, Aq- \c-I-ns kl-hm-kn-Ifp
amIpp.
CtX kqw amCZ: 86 Bhn-p-p-v. lZo-Zv: 19 Ah-km-\n-p-Xpw

CtX Bi-b-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. _Jd: 3839,121, Ben-Cw-dm: 10, An-km-Av: 56 hni-ZoI-cWw t\mpI.
11.
Hm kXy- h n- i zm- k n- I tf, Am- l p- \nv sNbv X p- X A\p- { Klw

Htmv t\mphn. Hcp-P-\X \n-fpsSta Ah-cpsS ssII \on
\nsf ssItbw sNm Hcp-s--tm \n-sf-smv AhcpsS
ssII Dbp-Xv Ah XS-p. \n Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-bn
kqn-p-Ibpw sNp-hn. Atm hnizm-kn-I Am-lp-hnXs `ctan-t--Xm-Ip-p.
C_v\pAmkv (d) dntmv sNbvX Hcp kw`-h-n-te-mWv kqN\: blq-Zn-I-fnsemcp hn`mKw \_n (k)-sbbpw injyam-scbpw hncp-n\v Wnv Ahsc h[n-m
AamCZ (5)
505
\pw, As\ Ckvem-ans Poh sISp-m\pwthn KqVX{w sa\n-cp-p. Fm

Amcyw \_n (k)v Amlp X-k-a-bv Adn-bn-psIm-SpXn-\m B ]Xn
\S-n-em-bn. \_n (k) km-c-n ]s-Sp-n- (B-en-Cw-dm: 55 Iqn-hm-bnpI). Amlp hnizmkn-I-tfmSv hmn-bn-cn-p IcmdpIfpw apw Hmn-n--Xn-\ptijw AXv ewLn--cp-sXpw, XpSv ]d-bp Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-I-fpsS kz`mh kzoI-cncp-sX-p-amWv ]Tn-n-p-Xv. As\ sNbvXm ]qn-I ]ng--Xpt]mse hnizm-kn-Ifpw ]ng-p-t]m-Ipw. \_n-bpsS Imev PqX-cp-sSbpw {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsSbpw A_-- Nqn-m-WnpsImmWv Ahsc JpB\n-tevk-Xy-Zo-\n-te
vWn-ncp--sX-n, Cv hnhn[ kwL-S-\-I-fns]v apivcnp-I-fm-bn-o
apkvensf bYm- hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS amKn-tev Wn-p-I-bmWv Amlp sNp-Xv (A-n-km-Av: 115 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
As\ hnizm-kn-I-sf-m-hcpw IqSn Jp-B\ns\ apdpsInSnv temIp
samw P\-Xv (ss{IkvX-hpw ssl-hpsamw) tam-ns GI-amKamb
Jp-B\ns amKsanv sImSp-t--Xm-Wv. Fm Cv hnizm-kn-I-f-m
apkven temI-p ap -a-X--tc-m Fm-cw-K-pw--hn-izm-k-n-epw A\p-jvTm\--fn-ep-samwIqSp-X \ntj-[-n-te-pw [nm-c-n-te-pw A[--fn-tepw
Bp-t]m-bn-smn-cn-p--XmWv ImWp-Xv. Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-a-dn-bp ]WvUnXam AXv aqSn-sh-p--h-cpw, km[m-c-W-m Jp-B\ns Bibw ]Tn-m {ianm-sX icocw Xnp--h-cmbn amdn-b-Xpam-Wv CXn\pImcWw. ey-t_m[w \jvS-s Hcp P\-X-bmbn Ah A[:]Xn-n-cn-p-p. ako-lp--m hcp-tm Cu Ah-
C\nbpw Iq-Sp-X Ccp-fp-I-bmWv sNpI. Cukm\_n h-Xn-\p-tijw am{X-amWv
sISmt]m-Ip hnfv Bfn-
- p-X
- p-t]mse, Ckvemans {]Imiw temI-v samw
hym]np-Ibpw, ssl-h-cpw ss{IkvX-h-cp-a-S-nb samw P\X Ckvemw AwKo-I-cn-Ibpw sNpI. Fm I]-Sh
- nizmkn-I ako-lp-
- mens sIWn-bns]v Ahs
hm--fm-hp-I-bpw, Cukm \_n-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-n hnizm-kn-I Ahsc h[n-v Ankm-Av: 91, Xu_: 123, Alvkm_v: 61 Fo kq- \S-n-em-p--Xpam-Wv. Xu_:
74, X_qv bp-n-\p-t]mb I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fn Hcphn`mKw, Xncn-p-h-cp-tm aem-Xbn-eqsS k-cn-p- \_n (k)sb sImbn-tev Xn-bnv h[n-m KqVmtem-N\ \S-nbn-cp-p Fpw, Fm AX-hv \S-n-em-m km[n-n- Fpw
]d-n-pv (a-Zo-\-bnse PqX-m {ian--Xp-t]m-e- s AXpw ]cm-P-b-s-Sp-I-bm-Wpm-bXv). ABw: 104- ]d {]Imcw JpB\ns Bibw _kzm-C-dmbn D]-tbmK-s-Sp-n-bm, hnizm-kn-Is-Xnsc I]-S-hn-izm-knI \S-p Fm KqV-X-{fpw a\-n-emn Ahbn\nv csSmhpXm-Wv. Atm-gmWv JpB Ghpw
henb A\p-{K-l-ambn amdp-I. _Jd: 121, Ben-Cw-dm: 122, An-km-Av: 78-79,113,174-175
hniZo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
12.
CkvdmCu k-Xn-I-fn\nv Amlp ZrV-{]-Xn hmp-I-bpw, Ahcn\nv ]{v apJyamsc Ah-cp-sS- tat\m--n-\p-thn \ntbm-Knp-Ibpapm-bn. Amlp Ah-tcmSv ]d-p: \nbw, Rm \n-tfmsSm--ap-v, \n \a-kvImcw \ne-\np-I-bpw kImv \Ip-Ibpw
Fs ZqXam-cn hniz-kn-p-I-bpw Ahsc in-s-Sp-p-I-bpw \n
506
JpB\ns Bmhv
Am-lp-hn\v Ghpw \-\n-e-p ISw-sIm-Sp-pIbpw sNp-I-bm-sW
n, Rm \n-fpsS Xn-I \n-sf-smv ambvp-I-f-bp-Xpw Xmgv`mK-fn-eqsS \Zn-I-sfm-gp-Ip kzKqtm-p-I-fn \nsf {]th-in-np-XpamWv. Fm AXn-\p-tijw \n-fn \nm-cmtWm \ntj-[n-Ifm-hp--Xv, Atm \nbah t\amKn\nv hgn-]n-g-p-I-gn-p.
Am-lp-hn\v \-\n-ev ISw- sIm-Sp-p-I Fp]d-m, Am-lp-hns amKn ]Ww sNe-h-gn-p-Isb-m-Wv. Amlp \Inb Fm A\p-{K-l-fpw D]-tbmK-s-Spn kzKw ]Wn-b-emWv Pohn-X-e-yw. Cv Jp-B\ns Bibw ]Tn-p-Ibpw ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNp--Xn-\p-thn Fm A\p-{K-l-fpwk-pw ico-c-hpw ]Zhn-I-fpw ka-b-hpw Ins ImgvN-bpw _pn-i-n-bpw tIhn-bp-samwD]-tbm-K-s-Sp-em-WXv. AAvdm^v: 156 Amlp ]d-bpp: Rm\p-t-in-p--hv Fs in
_m[n-n-p-XmWv, Fm Fm-h-kvXp--sfbpw Fs ImcpWyw hebw -sN-bvXn-p
v. AXv Fs lrZ-b-n kqn-p-I-bpw kImv \Ip-I-bpw, \psS kqfn hniz-kn-p-Ibpw sNp--hv tcJ-s-Sp-p--Xm-Wv. 157, X-fpsS ]ep Xudm-nepw Co-enepw tcJ-s-SpnmWp \nc--c-\mb \_nbpw dkq-epamb ZqXs\ ]np-S-cp--h-cm-tcm, AhmIpp Cu A\p-{K-l-w tcJ-s-Sp-p-I.
Atlw AhtcmSv \-sImv Iev]n-p-I-bpw XnsImv hntcm-[n-p-Ibpw ]cn-ip-amb hn-`-h-sf Ahv A\p-h-Zn-p-sIm-Sp-p-Ibpw t hkvXp-sf Ah-cp-sS-ta
\njn--am-p-Ibpw sNp-p. Ahsc sRcn-p-sIm-n-cn-p `mc- Ah-cn \nndn-sh-p-Ibpw Ahsc hcnpapdp-nbn-cp N-e-I s]mn-s-dn-bp-Ibpw sNpp.
Atm BcmtWm At-l-n hniz-kn-p-I-bpw At-ls _e-s-Sp-p-Ibpw
Atls klm-bn-p-I-bpw At-l-tm-sSmw Cd--s {]Im-is ]n]-p-Ibpw
sNp--Xv, Aq- am{Xam-Ipp hnPbw hcn-p--h. (^Xvlv: 9, bmko: 11,14,
apIv: 12 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 245, Ben-Cw-dm: 81, An-km-Av: 31,136 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mpI.
13.
Atm Ah-cpsS {]XnmewL\-waqew \mw Ahsc i]n-p, \mw

AhcpsS lrZ-b-sf ISpXmp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ah hmpI
m\p\nv hf-sm-Snpp. \mw Ahsc Hman-n-n-cp A\p-kvacW-fpsS hen-sbmcp`mKw Ah ad-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. (hcpw\m-fp-Ifn)
Ah-cn\nv Ipd-p-t]-scm-gn-phcpsS h-\-Ifn\nv Hmtcm mbn
\n\v {]Xy--s-Sm-Xncn-pI-bn-. Atm Ah-scsmv \o hnSp-XnsN-p-Ibpw Imn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-I. \nbw, Amlp Ah-s\- IpsImv Ncn-p-- kpIr-X-hmamsc C-s-Sp-p-htm.
_Jd: 74-75 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I. Cv Am-lp-hns hN-\- Jp-B

am{X-am-Wv. AXv Bcv h-f-smSnmepw hnIr-X-am-n-bmepw AXns ]m]-`mcw Cu kapZm-b-nse I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fmWv hln-t-n-h-cn-I. Cv Be-nCw-dm: 187se {]Xn
ewLn-p--hcpw Cu I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I Xs-bm-Wv. Cv Amlp i]n- tIm]n-
h[n-, hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv h[n-m Iev]n--s hn`mKhpw Ah- -X-s-bmWv. (_Jd:
159-161, Ben-Cw-dm: 78,86-91, An-km-Av: 91,105 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI). ChnsS ]cm-
AamCZ (5)
507
ain "lz' FXv Jp-B kq--fpsS kam-\amb D]a DZm-l-c-W--fmb

auCf-mWv. (_Jd: 66, Ben-Cw-dm: 134138 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). kPZ: 24,
\mw C-kvdm-Cu k-Xn-I-v, Ah am-ep--fpw \psS kq--fn ZrV-t_m[y-ap--h-cp-am-bn-cp--tm, \psS Iev]\{]Imcw Ah-cn\nv Ahsc kamKntev \bn-p t\Xm-sf \nbanp Fp-]-d-npv (_-Jd: 4 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mpI).
kq-n PqXamsc Amlp i]np sImp-I-fp, Ah-cpsS lrZ-b-sf
IpIv ka-m\amn Fsmw ]d--Xv, Cv I]-S-hn-izm-kn-ImWv Ghpw
IqSp-X tbmPn-p--Xv. amCZ: 78-81, Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-Ifn \np ^mkn-Jo-fmb I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I ZmhqZv \_n-bp-sSbpw Cukm\_n-bp-sSbpw \mhn-\m i]n-s-n-cn-p-p. AXh [nm-cn-Ifpw AXn-{I-a-Im-cn-I-fpw, P\- sNp Xn-I
hntcm-[n-m-Xn-\mepw \ntj-[n-ItfmSv Ah Iqp-tN-Xn-\m-ep-am-Wv. Atm Amlp-hns tIm]-n Ah B]-Xn-p-Ib
- pw, in-bn- Ah imiz-Xc
- m-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp
Fp- ] - d - n- p- v . Fm \_n- b psS Ime- p PqX- m i]ns- - h cpw
tIm]ns--h-cp-am-sW-nepw, Ah-tcmSv hnp-hogvN sNm-\pw Am-lp-hns XpSp
hn[nv Imn-cn-m-\p-amWv hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv Amlp ]d-bp--Xv. aX-n \n_-an- F kq-ns ASn-m-\-n-emWXv (_Jd: 256,286 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI).
Fm Xu_: 73, Xlvcow: 9 kq--fn, kzP-\-X-bns] Ip^v^m-dp-I-tfmSpw I]S-hn-izm-kn-I-tfm-Spw PnlmZv sN-W-sa-pw ]cp-j-ambn s]cp-am-d-W-sa-p-amWv ]d-bp-Xv. ^pJm: 52, Jp-B aqSn-sh-p Im^n-dp-I-tfmSv Jp-BsImv A[n-I-cn
PnlmZv sN-W-sapw Iev]n-n-p-v. (_Jd: 112, An-km-Av: 160-161 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mpI).
14.
R \km-dm--fm-sWv {]Jy-]n--h-tcmSpw \mw {]Xn-- hm-n-bn-pm-bn-cp-p. Fm \mw Ahsc Hman-n-p-sIm-n-cp A\p-kva-cWns hen-sbmcp `mKw Ah ad-p-I-f--tm Ahn-S-bn Ay\mhsc ]c-kv]c i{Xp-X-bpsSbpw tIm]-n-sbpw hnp-]m-In. Ah
Fm-bn-cpp DXv]m-Zn-n-p-sIm-n-cp--sXv hn[n -Z-nh-k-\m-fn Amlp
Ah-tcmSv hnhcw]d-bpIXs sNp--Xm-Wv.
Ben-Cw-dm: 52mw kqa\p-k-cnv Cukm \_n B P\-n \ntj[w I

tm, Am-lp-hn-tev Fs klm-bn-m-\m-cp-sv tNmZnpI-bpw, Atm lhmcn-pI R Am-lp-hns klm-bn-I-fm-sWpw R Am-lp-hn hnizknpIgn-p, AXp-sImv \o kmywhln-m-epw, R PohnXw apgp-h Am-lp-hn\v
kanhcm-Ipp Fv adp-]Sn ]d-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp (kz^v-^v: 14 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
CXn \nmWv Am-lp-hns\ klm-bn-p--h F B-i-bn-ep "\kvdm-WnI'
F-\maw h-Xv. Cukm \_n (A) Xs A\p-bm-bn-Iv "CukmCu'(ss{IkvX-hsc-tm) Ftm, "akolo' ({InkvXym-\n-I-sftm) Ftm Hcnepw \ma-I-cWw sNbvXnn-. X\npapv aqkmbpw ap {]hm-N-Iamcpw sImp-h AtX Ckvem-an-tev
Xs-bm-bn-cpp Cukm \_n-bp-sSbpw {]t_m-[-\w. AXn-\p-thn Atlw aqkm
\_n-bpsS A\p-bm-bn-I-fn\npw hyXy-kvX-ambn kz-am-sbmcp kwL-S\ cq]o-I-cnp-
508
JpB\ns Bmhv
Itbm, Xs A\p-Ncamv ]pXn-sbmcp t]cv AwKo-I-cn-p-Itbm sNbvXn-n-. Ah

ss_p apJ-n-knse tZhm-e-b-n blq-Z-scm-npXs Bcm-[\m I-
\S-p-I-bpw, aqkm \_n-bpsS ico-Av Rpw _m[-I-am-sWv hniz-kn-psImv
Pohnp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-p. (A-tm-kvX-eam-cpsS {]hrn-I 3:1, 10:14, 15:57, 21:21
t\mp-I).
Cukm \_n-bpsS Xntcm-[m-\-n\ptijw {ItaW ss{IkvX-h blq-Z-cn\nv
hyXy-kvX-amb asmcp aX-hn-`m-K-ambn ]cn-W-an-p. ]utemkv (sk vt]m) A\p-jvTm\
(icoAv) Cm-sX-s tbip-hn-ep hnizmkwsImv am{Xw tamw e`n
psav hmZnp. adp-h-iv PqX-]-WvUn-Xam {InkvX-phns A\p-Ncamsc hgn]ng hn`m-K-ambn ap{Z-Ipn C-kvdm-Cu- k-Xn-Ifn\nv ths-Spn. Cukm
\_nbpsS P-ew ê-kvXo\nse Keo Pn-bn nXn-sN-p \-ktd-v Bbncp-Xp-sImv, PqX-m Ahsc Keo-en-m-, ]p aX-m-cmb \kvdmsb-m- (Atm:
24:5, eqtmkv 13:2) Fsmw ]cn-lm-k-ambn hnfn-n-cp-p. tbiphns A\p-bm-bn-I
injyam, ktlm-Z-cam, hniz-kn--h, hnip-am Fo t]cp-Ifn ]c-kv]cw
hnfn-m-dp-mbn-cp-p. (Atm: 2:4344, 4:32, 9:26, 11:29, 13:52, 15:1,23, tdma-m: 15:14, Kemn-b-m 1:11 t\mpI).
Ctm hnfn-p-h-cp {InkvXym-\n-Isf \maw BZy-ambn, {InkvXm_vZw 43-tem
44tem sk-vt]mfpw _W-_mkpw Atm-Iy-bnsv aX-{]-t_m-[\w \S-n-b-tm
Ah ]cn-lm-k-]qw hnfnXm-Wv (Atm: 11:26). {InkvXp-hns A\p-bm-bn-I kzbw
AXp kzoI-cn-m k--cmbn-cp-n-, Fm i{Xp- Ahsc B t]cn hnfnp
XpS-n-bt- m, Ah-cpsS t\Xm- ]d-p: \nsf {InkvXp-hn-tev tNp {InkvXym\n-Is
- fp hnfn-p-p-sh-n \n-fX
- n en-t Imcy-an- (1. ]t{Xkv 4:16). Cs\
i{Xp- ]cn-lm-k-ambn hnfn-n-cp t]cn Ime-{I-taW {InkvXy-m\n-I kzbw hntijn-nphp. Ah-km\w X-sXmcp No-tcv \I-s-m-Xm-sW [mc-Wt]mepw Ah-cn Ah-ti-jn-n-. Am-lp-hntev P\-sf hnfnp Akm-dp-I
(Am-lphns klm-bn-I), \km-d-- (ssZ-h-k-lm-bn-I) Ftm hnip Jp-B
\n {InkvXym-\n-Isf hnfn-p--Xn Ah ]cn`h-s-Sp-I-bm-Wv sNp--Xv.
ss{IkvXh Cv ]e-hn-`m-K--fmbn Xncn-bp-I-bpw ]c-kv]cw ]gn-Nm-cp-Ibpw
FXnp-Ibpw sNp-pv. Fm Cu Imcy--sfmw ]d-bp Jp-B-\ns BfpI-fmb apkvenw-I- Cv, Ah-tc-m- IqSp-X kwL-S-\-I-fmbn ]ncn-v ]ckv]cw
kp-Nn-X-Xz-nepw i{Xp-X-bn-epw hntZz-j-n-ep-am-Wv Ignbp-Xv. Jp-B\ns Bi
bs Xnf--Xm-Wv A-Xn\v ImcWw. apl-Zv \_n-sb-bpw, Ckvem-an-s\bpw Ifhmn P\-a-[y-n Ah-X-cn-n-p Cs apkven ako-lp--m-ens sIWnbn s]Sp--Xpw, Cukm \_n (A) hm Ch-cnse I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Isf h[n-p--Xpam-Wv. Cs {InkvXym-\n-I-fpw, ssl-h-cp-samw Cukm \_nsb kzoI-cn-p-I-bpw,
Ckvemw AwKo-I-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-Xm-Wv. hnizm-kn-I hnizmkw \jvS-s-Sm-Xn-cnm\pw, ako-lp--m-ens\ Xncn--dn-bm\pw Jp-B\ns Bibw AW--p-]-tbm-Knp ISnp-]n-Sn--W-sav \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. lv: 78-, Cu Jp-B\nepw app
thZ--fnepw hnizm-kn-Isf "apkven' Fv Xs-bmWv Amlp \ma-I-cWw sNbvXn-
AamCZ (5)
509
p-Xv Fp-]-d-n-p-v. Cv -th-Z-{Kw Jp-B am{X-am-Wv; thZ-{Kw Inn-b-h

am{X-amWv `nn-pI. _Jd: 2,213, Ben-Cw-dm: 19,101107 hni-Zo-I-c-Ww t\mp-I.
15.
Hm thZ-mtc, \n-bw, \psS ZqX \n-v hp-I-gn-n-cn-p-p.

thZ-n\nv \n ]qgvn-sh-n-cp [mcmfw Imcy- \nv
shfn-s-Sp-n- hni-Zo-I-cn-p-sImpw [mcmfw Imcy- \n-sf-smv
hnp-hogvN sNbvXp-sImpamWv Atlw hn-p--Xv. \nbw, \nv
Am-lp-hn\np- {]Im-i-hpw hy-amb {Khpw hp-I-gn-npv.
16.
B {Kw-sImv Amlp Ahs Xr]vXn ]n]-n-b-hsc kam-[m-\-ns-bpw c-bp-sSbpw amK-n-tev \bn-p-p. Ahs thp-I-tbmSp-IqSn Ahsc Ah A\v[Im-c--fn\nv {]Im-i-n-tev ]pd-s-Sp-hnp-Ib
- pw, Ahsc t\sc-sNm-s-bp h-gn-bn-tev amKZi\w sNp-Ibpw
sNp-p.
H-thZ {Kw am{X-amb AIn-Xm_mWv Am-lp-hn\nv hn-p--Xv. Fm

]qnI thZm B {K-n ]e- am--n-cp--ep-Ifpw hcp-n. B {K-ns
Ah-km\cq]-hpw {]Im-i-hp-amb Jp-B\pambn apl-Zv \_n hp-I-gn--p, Ah aqSnsh-n-cp ]e -Im-cy-fpw Jp-B shfn--p-sIm-p-h-cn-I-bpw, [mcmfw Imcy-
shfn--v sImphcmsX hnsm-gn-hm-p-IbpamWv sNbvXXv. C\n apX Jp-B
am{X-amWv a\p-jysc A-Im-c--fn\nv {]Im-i-n-tev ]pd-s-Sp-hn-m-\pw, \c-I
ns apI-fn-ep "kzndmv' (]mew) ISv kzKntepXs Xncn-p-t]m-Im-\pap
kamK-amb (lp-Z-bm-b) Sn-v. (ABw: 90,92,157, Ckm: 29 Iqn-hm-bnp-I).
bq\p-kv: 25, Amlp kam-[m-\-n-sbpw c-bp-sSbpw hon-te-mWv \nsf hnfnp--Xv, Ah- D-t-in-p--hsc kamK-n-tev \bn-p-Ibpw sNpp Fp-]-dnpv. ^mnl: 6, _Jd: 2,38,185,213,257 An-km-Av: 174175hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
17.
\nbw Amlp, "adn-b-ans ]p{X akolv Xs-bm-Ipp' Fp]d- h Xo- b m- b pw \ntj[n- I - f mbngn- n- c n- p- p. {]hm- N - I m
AhtcmSv tNmZn-p-I: adn-b-ans ]p{X ako-ln-s\bpw Atl-ns
amXm-hn-s\-bpw `qan-bn-ep apgp-h Bfp-I-sfbpw \in-n-m Amlp
Dt-in-m, BcmWv Ahs\ B Xocp-am-\-n\nv hyXn-N-en-n-m
Ign-hp--h-cm-bn-p-Xv? BIm-i-`q-an-I-fpsSbpw Ahv c-n-\pan-S-bnephbp-sSbpw B[n]Xyw Am-lp-hn-m-Ip-p. Ah D-t-in-p-
sXpw Ah krn-p-p. Ah Fm-Im-cy-n\pw, Fm-h-kvXphnstaenepw Ign-hp k-i- Xs-b-tm.
72mw kqw Bcw-`n-p-Xpw CtX cq]-n Xs-bm-Wv. Cm-bva-bn\nv

BIm-i-`q-anIsfbpw Ah-n-S-bn-ep k-N-cm-N-c--sfbpw krjvSnv kwhn-[m-\n--h\mWv Am-lp. An-km-Av: 171, Cukm \_nsb krn-Xv hnh-cn-n-p-v. BenCw-dm: 34-37 kq-f
- n Cukm \_n-bp-sS amXmhmb adn-ba
- ns\ krn-Xpw, hfnsm-p-h-Xpw hni-Zo-I-cn-npv. Pohn-n-p-I-bpw acn-n-p-Ibpw sNp--sXmw
DS-a-bmb Am-lp-hm-Ip-p. An-km-Av: 157159 Cukm \_nsb ico-c-tm-Sp-IqSn
510
JpB\ns Bmhv
Amlp Ah-\n-te-v D-bn-sbpw, ako-lp--m-ens hc-hn-\p-tijw cm-aXpw

Cukm \_n `qan-bn hcpsapw, ako-lp--m-ens\ sImv Ckvemw temI-w samw
\S-n-em-p-sapw ]d-n-p-v. _Jd: 28, Ben-Cw-dm: 45-47, An-km-Av: 1,47,--131133,172 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
18.
blq-Zn-I-fpw \kmdm-fpw, R Am-lp-hns ]p{Xamcpw Ahs

{]nb-s--h-cp-am-sWv ]d-bp-p. \_nsb Ah-tcmSv tNmZn-p-I: Fm
\n-fpsS IpfpsS t]cn Ah \nsf inn-p--sX-m-Wv? A,
\nfpw Ah krn ap a\p-jysctmep a\p-jy Xs-bm-Ip-p.
Ah-\p-t-in-p--hv A-h s]mdp-p-sIm-Sp-p-p, Ah-\p-t-in-p-hsc Ah inn-pIbpw sNp-p. BIm-i-`q-an-I-fpsSbpw Ah-v
c- n- \ pan- S - b n- e phbp- s Sbpw B[n]Xyw Am- l p- h n- m- I pp.
Fmnsbpw aS-w Ah-\n-tev Xsbtm.
An-km-Av: 123-124 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. blq-Zn-Ifpw {InkvXym-\n-Ifpw R

Am-lp-hns ]p{Xam-cpw Ahs CZmkam-cp-am-sWv A`n-am-\n-p--h-cpw ]dbp--h-cp-am-bn-cp-p. (_Jd: 9495,111,113,283 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). Fm Cv temI-p PqXamscm-fpw, ss{IkvX-h-tc-m-fpw Cu hmZ-ap-Xv Jp-B\ns hml-Icm-sWv Zpc-`n-am-\n-p apkvenmWv. AXns icocw hmbn-m ]Tn-m
Fmw XnI--h-cm-bn- F [mc-W-bm-W-hp--Xv. bYm-n Jp-B\ns
Bi-b-amWv AXns Bm-hv. AXn-msX Hcp {]hrnbpw kzoI-cn--s-Sp-I-bn-sv
_Jd: 186 hni-Zo-Icnn-p-v. Cv temIv PqXam-cm-epw, CX-c -P-\--fm-ep-samw
inn--s-Sp-Xv apkven Xs-bm-sWv ImWmw. AXn \nsmpw ]mTw
]Tnv Ah Jp-B\ns Bibw samw a\p-jyv hy-am-n- sImSppsImv
Ah-c-hsc Xncn--dnv, Pohn-X-eyw Xncn--dnv Ipd--Im-es sFlnIPohnXw
sFIy-tm-Spw kam-[m-\-tm-Sp-ap--Xmn amm {ian-p-n-. Jp-Bt\mSpw Amlp-hn-t\mSpw {]hm-N-I-t\mSpw Ghpw IqSp-X A\o-Xn-Im-Wn Cu P\-X-s-Xnsc
^pJm: 1718 hn[n-Zn-hkw alm-m-- Ch-scmcp (Jp-B\ns Bibs ad-pI-f)- sI P\-X-bm-bn-cppshv A\ymbw t_m[n-n-p Imcyw ap-dn-bnv \Inbn-p-v. ^pJm: 29, Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n \nmWv ]nimNv XS-bp-I-sbv
\msf Ch kzbw hne-]n-p cwKw ap-dn-bnv \Inbn-p-v. 30 apl-Zv \_n,
Fs Cu P\X Jp-B\ns\ Ah-K-Wn--XmWv Chph ZpK-Xn-sbv A\ymbw
t_m[n-n-p cwKw ]d-n-p-v. PpapA: 5 Am-lp-hns kq-sf Xn--dbp P\-Xsb Igp-X-tbm-Spw PqX-tcmSpw D]-an-pIbpw, Ccw A{I-an-Isf Amlp
kamKn-tev \bn-p-I-bn-spw ]d-n-p-v. AAvdm^v: 176 Am-lp-hns
Bb-p-Isf Xn--d-bp- If-hm-p- aqSn-sh-p ]WvUn-X-s\-bpw, P\-X-sbbpw
D]-{Z-hn-mepw D]-{Z-hn-n-s-nepw amwhcm \mb-tbm-Sv D-]-an-n-p-v. (AAvdm^v:
174, kPZ: 21-22, Adqw: 41 Iqn-hm-bn-pI). _Jd: 91,284, An-km-Av: 131-133 hni-Zo-I
cWw t\mp-I.
19.
Hm thZ-mtc, {]hm-N-Iamcn\nv Hcmfpw hcm-Xn-cp Hcp Ime-b-f-hn

\p-tijw \nv hy-a
- mb ]mT- hni-Zo-Ic
- npXcp \psS ZqX
AamCZ (5)
511
\nbw \n-fn hp-I-gn-ncnp-p. AXv, ktm-j-hm-b-dn-bnp-hcn\nv Hcp-h-t\m ap-dn-bnpImcn\nv Hcp-ht\m Rv

hn-t- m-sbv \n ]d-bm-Xn-cn-m thn-bm-Ip-p. Atm \nbw
ktm-j-hm-b-dn-bn-p--h-\pw ap-dn-bn-p\Ip--h\p-amb B ZqX
\n-fn hsngn-n-cn-p-p. Amlp Fm-Im-cy-n\pw Ignhp
k-i--\-tm.
Cukm \_n-bpsS Xntcm-[m-\-n-\ptijw GI-tZiw Adp\qdv sImw Ign-mWv
apl-Zv \_n \ntbm-Kn-sSp-Xv. Ckvam-Cu ]c--c-bn-em-Is GItZiw cmbncw hj-am-bnv {]hm-NIamsc BscbpwXs \ntbm-Kn-n-p-an-. a-bn-ep
C_vdmlowCkvam-Cu k-XnIv am{X-a, temIv samw Amlp Xr]vXns ico-Av aqkm \_n-bp-sS-Xm-bn-cp-p. Fm thZ-ns Bfp-I ]qn-I-{K-fpsS Bibw aqSn-sh-p-I-bpw, hf-sm-Sn-p-Ibpw sNbvXv bYm {]IrXnaXs
hnIr-X-am-p-IbmWv sNbvXXv (am-CZ: 13 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). As\ samw temIw
A-Im-c-n apgp-In-b-tm-gmWv C_vdmlow \_n (A)s {]m-\v Dcw \Insmv Amlp apl-Zv \_nsb Ay{]hm-N-I-\mbn \ntbm-Kn-p--Xv (_Jd: 129).
Fm {]hm-N-Iamscbpw, Ahsc ]n]-p hnizm-kn-Iv ktm-j-hm-b-dn-bnp--h-cpw, Ahsc [n-cn-p--hv ap-dn-bnv(Xm-o-Xv)\Iphcp-am-bn-mWv
Amlp \ntbm-Kn-n-p-X
- v (_Jd: 213 hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mpIlZo-Zv: 25 Iqn-hmbnpI).
C_vdm-lowCkvam-Cu \_n-amcpsS ]nKm-anIfpw, Ah-cpsS Ncy -]n]-p--hcm-sWv A`n-am-\n-p-I-bpw hmZn-p-Ibpw sNbvXncp _lp-ssZ-hm-cm-[-I-cmb am
apivcnp-I-tfmSv Amlp ]d-bpp: R-fpsS app cp-hn-`m-K-n\pw (Pq-X-pw
ss{Ikv-Xhpw) {Kw Ah-X-cn-n-p, Fm RXv ]Tnm km[n-Xpan-,
Asn Rv (RfpsS `mj-bn) Hcp-{Kw Cd-p-I-bm-sW-n R
Ah-tc-m kamKn-em-Ip-am-bn-cp-sv \n ]d-bm-Xn-cn-m thn. \nfpsS DS-a-bn\np hy-amb sXfnhpw kamK-hpw Imcp-Wy-hp-amb {Kw
\nv hp-I-gn-p. Atm BcmtWm Am-lp-hns kq-sf If-hm-pXpw AXn\nv ]nn-cn-bp--Xpw Ahv, Amlp Ahs kq--sf-smv
]nn-cnpt]mb-Xn\v Zpjn insImv {]Xn-êw \IpIXs -sN-p-sav
ABw: 155157 ]d-n-p-v. Ah-cpsS {]Xn-I
- v Am-lp-hn BWbn-psImv
Ah ]d-bpp: Rsmcp ap-dn-bn-p-Im-c hcn-I-bm-sW-n R at-sXmcp
kap-Zm-b-t-mfpw kamKw {]m]n--h Xs-bm-bn-cn-p-sav. Fm Ahv
ap-dnbn-p-Im h-tm shdpv hn-p-I-b-m-sX-bp-m-bn-. Ah `qan-bn Al-cnpI-bpw, sXmb KqV-{]-h-\--fn GsSp-I-bp-am-Wp-m-b-Xv. sXmb KqVX{amI-s, AXns Bfp-Iv Xs-b-msX _m[n-p-I-bn Fv ^mXzn: 4243
]d-n-p-v. Jkkv: 48-, \n \np kXyw hp-In-n-b-tm thZ-hm-l-Icpw
\ntj[n-Ifpw tNmZnp: aqkmv \I-s-Xv t]mep-Xv (Zn-hym-p-X-) At-ln\v (ap-l--Zn-\v) \Im-Xv Fv? Fm apv aqkmv \I-s-Xpw Ah
\ntj-[n-n-cp-p. Ah ]dp: Jp-B\pw Xudmpw ]c-kv]cw klm-bn-p cv
B`n-Nm-c- am{X-am-Wv, \nbw R- Fm Hpw \ntj-[n-p--h Xs-bm-Wv.
49-, Amlp \_n-tbmSv ]dbm Iev]n-pp: Cu cv {K-t-m kamKw
512
JpB\ns Bmhv
ImWn-p asmcp {Kw Am-lp-hn\nv \n sImp-hc

- p-hn, Rm\Xv ]n]mw
\n kXyw ]d-bp--h-cm-sW-n.
Cv thZw Jp-B am{X-am-Wv. Atm Jp-B\ns Bfp-ImWv Cu kqw
IqSpX _m[-I-am-Ip--Xv. (An-km-Av: 115 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). Jp-B\ns
Bfp-I Ben-Cw-dm: 187se Iev]-\-{]-Imcw, AXns Bibw a\p-jyv shfn-hmmsX aqSn-sh-m, samw a\p-jy-cpsS ]m]-`mcw h-ln-p-sImv \c-I-ns ASn-n-tev t]mtI-n-h-cpw (A-Bw: 26 Iqn-hm-bn-pI). An-km-Av: 133134,145 hniZo-I-cWw t\mpI. temIw \ne-\nm-\p Am-lp-hns hn[n-hn-e-p-I-fmWv JpB\ns Bi-bw. Ckvam-Cu k-Xn-I-sf-tm-se-bpw, PqXss{IkvX-h-sc-tm-sebpw
AXn\nv AI-v, hyXn-N-env samw-temIw A-Im-c-n-em-Ip-tm-gmWv ako-lp-m hcp--Xv. tijw Cukm\_n hcn-I-bpw, Jp-B\ns Bibw ]Tn-nv P\-fpsS hnizmkw cq]-s-Sp-p-I-bpw, a tI{o-I-cnv temIns apgp-h `cWw \Sp
Ibpw sNpw. Cukm \_n-bpsS ac-W
- n-\p-tijw hopw temIw Ccp-fp-Ibpw, bAvPqPv
aAvPqPv ]pd-s-Sp-I-bp-w, IA-_-bnhsc _nw_- \mp-I-bpw, IA_ s]mfn-p-Ibpw,
\n-bn--s B Ay-Zn\w kw`-hn-p-Ibpw sNpw. BIm-i-`q-an-Isf Cm-bvabn\nv krjvSn Amlp, AXns\ ]qm-h--bntepXs aSp-I-bpw Cm-Xmp-Ibpw sNpw. Ah Fm-Im-cy-n\pw Ign-hp ki-\-tm Fp-]-d-Xns s]mcp- AXm-Wv.
ktm-j-hmbdn-bn-p--h-cpw, XmoXv \Ip--hcpsav {]hm-N-Iamsc
hnti-jn-n--Xns s]mcp, Ahv Bscbpw kamKn-em-m km[n-p-I-bn-
FmWv. (_Jd: 213,272, Ben-Cw-dm: 128-129 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). kamK-hpw
ZpamKhpw Hmtcm \^vkn\pw \In-bn-p-v (A-w-kv: 810, _e-Zv: 10, Ckm: 3
t\mp-I). Jp-B D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-n kamKs t]mjn-nm AX-hv KpWI
camsWv ktm-j-hm Adn-bn-p--h- FmWv "_jo' (k-tm-j-hm Adnbn-p--h) F-Xv sImp-t-in-p--Xv. Jp-B hp-In-n-bnv AXv aq-Snsh-p-Ihgn A-Im-Wnv Pohn-m \msf Ah IqSp-X Aamcpw \c-I-\n-hm-kn-I-fp-am-bncn-p-sav XmoXv \Ip--h- FmWv "\Zo' (D-Wp--h) FXv sImp-tin-p-Xv. khkzw Am-lp-hn\v kan-p--hv Jp-B kamKhpw ImcpWyhpw ip`-hm-Zm-b-I-hp-am-sWv \lv: 89,102 kq--fn ]d-n-p-v. CkvdmAv: 9, \nbw Cu Jp-B Ghpw t\cmb amK-n-tev amK-Zi\w sNp-Xpw, kI- A\pjvTnp-- hnizm-kn-Iv ip`hm-Zm-b-I-hp-am-sWpw ]dnpv. CXn\npw {]hm-N-Iam-cpsS PohnXw Jp-B-\m-bn-cp-p Fv a\-n-emm-hp--Xm-Wv. _Jd: 28,90.174,254, amCZ: 89 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
20.
aqkm Xs P\-tmSv ]d k`w Hmt-Xm-Ip-p. Hm Fs

P\ta, \n-fpsS taep Am-lp-hns A\p-{K-l- \n Hm
pI\n-fn Ahs \_n-amsc \ntbm-Kn-t- m-gpw, \nsf cmPm-amcm-n-b-tmgpw ktemIcn ammpw \Inbnnm-Xv Ah
\nv \In-b-tmgpw.aqkm \_npapv, C_vdmlow, CkvlmJv, bAvJq_v, bqkp^v \_n-am-cpsS a-
AamCZ (5)
513
fmb Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-Iv Amlp \Inb A\p-{K-l--fm-Wv ChnsS Hman-np--Xv. Ah-cpsS kamK-n-\p-thn Htc-k-abw Hn-e-[nIw {]hm-N-Iamsc
Amlp \ntbm-Kn-n-p-mbn-cp-p. {]hm-N-I-amcm-bn-smv ]nXmhpw ]p{X\pw \ntbmKn-s-np-Xpw Ah-cn-te-m-Wv. bAvJq_v \_n-bpsS aI bqkp^v \_nsb
CuPn]vXnse cmPmhmbn \nb-an-p-I-bp-mbn. temImpw \In-bn-nm A\p{K-l- \nv \In- Fp]d--Xn, IS]n-fn Ahsc c-s-SpnbXpw,
acp-`q-an-bn Ahv taL-ns XW hncn--Xpw, a-bpw khbpw `-W-ambn
{]Zm\w sNbvXXpw, IpSn-m shw tNmZn--tm aqkm-\-_n-tbmSv Xs hSn-sIm-Sn-m ]dp ]{v Dd-h-I-sfm-gpn shw \In-b-Xpw, ^n-Hu\pw {]`r-Xn-Ifpw
hnt-p-t]mb tXm-fpw cay-la-fpsamw A\--c-mh-Im-i-ambn Ckvdm-Cueyv
\In-b-Xpw, aqkm \_nv \Inb Zr---fpw, ê-I-n-se-gp-Xn Amlp aqkm
\_nv t\cnpsImSp Xudm-p-samw Ds-Sp-p. kz^v-^v: 5 aqkm Xs P\X-tbmSv tNmZn k`w Hmt-Xm-Wv, Hm Fs P\-ta, \n- Fn\mWv Fs
D]-{Z-hn-p--Xv, \n-dn-bm-a-tm \nbw Rm \n-fn-te-p Am-lp-hns
ZqX-\m-sW-v. Fm-e-h Al--cnp ]nn-cn--tm Amlp AhcpsS lrZ-bsf ]nn-cn-np If-p. Amlp Ccw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fmb, [nm-cn-I-fmb Hcp
P\-X-sbbpw kamKn-tev \bn-p-I-bn-Xs. (ap\m-^n-Jq: 56 Iqn-hm-bn-pI).
_Jd: 67,47,61,122,211, An-km-Av: 47 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
21.
Hm Fs P\-ta, Amlp \nmbn tcJ-s-Spnshn-p B ]pWy

`q-an-bn {]th-in-p-hn, \n ]pdw-Xn-cnp ]nn-cn-bm-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw
sNp-hn. A-s\-bm-bm \n- Bi-b-v Zp:Jnp-hcpw Fmw \
s--h-cpam-bn aS-t-n-hcpw.
^mdm acp-`q-an-bn Xmh-fa

- S- n ka-bv aqkm \_n kzP-\X
- t- bmSv ]d-XmWnXv.
Atd-_y-bpsS hS-pw, ê-kvXo\ns sXpw AXnn-I-tfmSv sXmp-In-S-p {]tZi-am-Wn-Xv. Amlp \nv tcJ-s-Sp-n-bn-p ]cn-ip--amb `qan- sIm-p-t-in-p-Xv ss_p apJ-nkv A-S-n-bn-p ê-kvXo-\m-Wv. Ckvdm-Av: 1 Amlp ]dbpp: Xs ASn-asb akvPn-Zp ld-an \nv akvPn-Zp AJvk-bn-tevA-Xns
]cn-k-c--sf \mw A\p-{K-lo-X-am-n-bnp-v\psS Zrm---fn\nv NneXv ImWnp--Xn-\p-th-n--Hcpcmhn sImp-t]m-b-h F{X ]cn-ip-. \nbw Ah Fmw
tIp--h-\pw hon-p-sIm-n-cn-p--h\pw Xs-bm-Wv. (AAvdm^v: 137 Iqn-hm-bnp-I).
22.
Ah ]dp: Hm aqkm \n-bw B \mn AXn-{]-_-eam-cmb aamcmsbmcp P\-X-bm-Wp--Xv. Ah AhnsS\nv ]pd-p-t]m-hmsX \nbw
R AXn {]th-in-pIbn-Xs-. Atmfh Ahn-Spv ]pd-pt]m-hp-I-bm-sWn, \nbw R {]th-in-p--h-cm-bn-cn-pw.
23.
òcp--fmb Ahcn\nv; Am-lp-hns {]tXyI A\p-{Klw e`n-n-p

cm-fp-I ]d-p: \n Ah-cn-tev IhmSneqsS IS-p-sN-p-hn.
\n-fX
- n {]th-inpIgn-m, Atm \n Xs-bm-bn-cnpw AXn-
514
JpB\ns Bmhv
P-bn-p-h
- c
- m-hp-I. \n hnizm-kn-If
- msW-n Am-lp-hn `c-tanp-I-bpw sNp-hn.
24.
Ah ]dp: Hm aqkm, \nbw Ahchn-sS-bp Ime-tmfw Rsfm-cn-epw AhnsS {]th-in-p-Ib

- n-. Atm \obpw, \ns dpwt]mbn
bpw sNpI, \nbw R-fn-hnsS Ccn-p--h Xs-bm-Ipp.
Cu kw`h-ns hni-Zmwi ss__n-fn kwJy, Bh-\w, tbmiph

Fo ]pkvX-I--fn hn-p-v. AXns Npcpw Xmsg--d-bpp: aqkm (A) ^mdm
acp`q-an-bn\nv ê-kvXo-\nse nXnK-Xn-I Hp-t\mn- hcp--Xn-\p-thn ]{v
Ckvdm-Cu {][m\nIsf sXsc-sSpv Ahn-tS--b-p. Ah \mev]Xv Znhkw
tZi-]-cn-tim-[\ \Sn ^mdm-\nse ImtZ-in-tev Xncn-p-h-p. Ckvdm-Cu a-fpsS
k-k-`-bpsS apnshv aqkm-\-_n-tbmSv ]d-p: \o Rsf Ab-- tZ-i-n-tev
R t]mbn, AXv tX\pw ]mep-sam-gp-I tZiwXs. AXnse ê--fn-Xm, Fnepw
tZiv ]mp P\ Gsd _e-hmamcpw, ]-W- Ghpw Dd-pw, hen--hp-ap-h-bp-am-Ip-p. B P\-ns t\sc sNp-hm \apv Ign-bn-. R-f-hnsS P-\-sam-sbpw AXn-Im-bam. AhnsS R aam-cpsS a-fmb A\m-Iy-a-amscbpw Ip. Rv Xs Rsf shp-In-fnsbtmse tXmn. Ah-cpsS
ImgvNpw R As\ Xs-bm-bn-cp-p. Atm k`-sbm-sbpw Dds \ne-hn
fn-p. P\w cm{Xn apgp-h\pw Ic-p. CkvdmCu a Fm-hcpw tami-pw,
Alvtdm\pw FXn-cmbn ]ndp-]n-dp-p, k`-sbm-sbpw Ah-tcmSv ]d-p: an{kbnw (CuPn-]vXv) tZi-p-shp R acn-p-t]m-bn-cp-s-n sImm-am-bn-cp-p. As-n
Cu acp-`q-an-bnshp R acn-p-t]m-bn-cp-s-n sImm-am-bn-cp-p. hmfm hotg-Xn\v btlmh Rsf B tZi-n-tev sImp-t]m-Ip--sX-n-\v? R-fpsS
`mcyamcpw a-fp-samw sIm-bmbn t]mIp-a-tm, an{k-bn-an-tev aS-n-t]m-hp-I-btm
Rv \-Xv. \mw Hcp Xe-hs\ \n-bnp an{k-bn-an-tev aS-n-t]m-hp-Isbv
Ah XnXn ]d-p. tZis Hp-t\m-p--h-cn \qs aI tbmiphbpw
(bq-i-Av), b^p--bpsS aI Imte_pw (Im-e-_v) hkv{Xw Iodn, CkvdmCu a-fpsS
kk`-tbmSv ]d--sX-m "R k-cnp Hp-t\m-nb tZiw Ghpw \tZ-i-am-Ip-p. btlmh \n {]km-Zn-p-p-sh-n, Ah \s ]mepw tX\pw HgpIp B tZi-t-p- sImpsNp \ap--Xp-X-cpw. btlm-h-tbmSv \n- a-cn-
am{Xw Acp-Xv, B tZi-nse P\s `b-s-S-cp-Xv, Ah \ap-n-c-bm-Ip-p. Ah-cpsS
iucyw t]mbn--cn-pp. \tm-Sp-IqsS btlm-h-bp--Xp-sImv Ahsc `b-s-S-cp-Xv'.
Fm B P\w AXp kzoI-cn-p-I-b-, Cs\ ]d-bp-I-bmWv sNbvX-Xv Ahsc Isdn-tbWw. Ah-km\w ssZh-tIm]w Pzzen-p. Ah Xocp-am-\np: Cu acp-`q-an-bn
\n-fpsS ihw hogpw., b^p--bpsS aI Imte-_pw, \qs aI tbmip-h-bp-sam-gnsI
Ccp-]Xv hb-p-ap-X tatemp F-s--h-cmbn Fst\sc ]ndp-]n-dp--h-cmb \nfpsS F- n Bcpw, Rm \nsf ]mn- p- s av kXyw sNbv X n- p
tZipISp-I-bn. Fm sIm-bmbn t]mIp-sav \n ]d-n-p \nfpsS Ipp-Ip-n-Isf Rm\-Xn IS-p-am-dm-pw. \n \nc-kn-n-cn-p tZiw Ahcdnbpw, \n-tfm, \n-fpsS ihw acp-`q-an-bn hogpw. \n-fpsS ihw acp-`q-an-bn HSppw
hsc \n-fpsS a \mev]Xv kwh-cw CS-b-cmbn k-cn-pw. Cu ssZh-hn-[n-b-
AamCZ (5)
515
\p-k-cnp CkvdmCu a ^mdm acp-`q-an-bn\nv tPmUmhsc-sb-m apsv kwh--c-sa-Sp-p. CXn-\n-S-bn tZi-sam-p-t\m-p-hm tamsi Ab--h-cpw, aSn-hp tZi-s-p-dnv Zph-am\w ]dp k`-ap-gp-h\pw Ah-\p-hn-tcm-[-ambn ]ndp]n-dp-m kwKXn hcp-n-b-h-\pw, tZi-s-Ip-dnp Zph-am\w ]d--h-cp-amb ]pcpjam btlm-h-bpsS apmsI Hcp-_m-[-sImv acn-p. Fm tZi-ap-p-t\m-m
t]mb ]pc-jamcn \qs ]p{X tbmip-h-bpw, b^p-m-bpsS aI Imte_pw acn-n. As\ CuPn-]vXn\nv t]mcp-tm bphm--fmb Fm-hcpw acn-sm-Sp-n.
tPmZm hnP-b-n\ptijw aqkmbpw Nc-a-KXn {]m]n-p. A\-cw tbip-hm-bpsS
Jnem-^-n-emWv ê-o Ckvdm-Cu-ey Pbn--S-n-bXv. (_Jd: 58-,89 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mpI).
25.
Atm aqkm {]mn-p: Fs \mYm, \n-bw F\nv Fsbpw Fs

ktlm-Z-c-sbpw Imcy-nemsX A[n-Im-c-an-. AXn-\m Cu [nm-cnI-fmb P\-X-pw Rpan-S-bn- \o thXncnhpmt-W-ta.
AAvdm^v: 150-, Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-I ]ip-p-nsb Dmn Cem-lmbn

sXsc-s-Sp--Xn tIm]n-jvT\pw Zp:JnX-\p-ambn h aqkm\_n Xs In-ep
ê-I (Xu-dmv) hen-s-dn-bp-I-bpw, Xs ktlm-Z-c lmdqs apSn ]nSnv henpIbpw sNbvX-p. Atm lmdq ]d-p: Hm Fs amXm-shm ktlm-Z-cm, \nbw
Cu P\X Rm\-Xns\ FXn-tm Fs _e-lo-\-\m-n. Ah Fs sImpI-f-bp-sa-m-bn, AXp-sImv i{Xp-v Nncn-m Ah-kcw \I-cp-Xv. A{I-an-Ifmb P\-X-bpsS Iq-n Fs Ds-Sp-p-Ibpw sN-cp-Xv. As\ kXyw a\-nem-nb aqkm \_n 151mw kq-{]-Imcw {]mn-p: Fs \mYm, F\npw Fs
ktlm-Z-c\pw s]mdppXtcW-ta, Rsf \o \ns Imcp-Wy-n {]th-in-n-pIbpw sNt-Wta. \o Icp-W- sN-p--h-cn Ghpw \mbn Icp-W- sN-p--h-\-tm.
26.
Amlp Dcw \In, \nbw \mev]Xv hj-mew B \mSv Ah-cp-sSta hne--s-n-cn-p-p. Ah `qan-bn Ae-p-Xn-cnp \S-p--hcm-bncnpw, Atm Cu [nm-cn-If
- mb P\-ns Imcy-n \o Bibv
Zp:Jnt--Xn-.-
Cu kw`-h-n-eqsS aZo-\-bn \_n (k)bpsS apn-ep PqXam-tcmSv Ah-cpsS

]qn-IcpsS [nm-c-\-b-hpw A\p-k-c-W-tSpw DWpIbpw, aqkm-tbmSv Ah ImWn-Xp-t]mep A\p-k-c-W-t-Spw [nm-chpw apl-Zv \_n-tbmSv \nfpw ImWn-p-IbmsW-n \n-pw in _m[n-p-sav ap-dn-bnv \Ip-I-bpam-Wv. Fm-eh
cn Ipd-p-t]-scm-gnsI _mn-sb-m-hcpw AhcpsS ]nXm-sf t]mses [nm-cnepw, A\p-k-c-W-t-Snepw Dd-p-\np-I-bm-Wp-m-b-Xv. As\ `qan-bn \mSnmsX Ah hopw Ae-p-Xn-cnp \S-p-I-bm-bn-cp-p. Fm 1947 Ahv
CkvdmCu cmjv{Sw Dm-bn. Cv temI-nses hi-n-bmb Ata-cn-sb
tmepw \nb-{n-p-Xv Cu PqX-cm-jv{S-am-Wv. apl-Zv \_n-bpsS A\p-bm-bn-I-sfv
s]cp--d -sIm-p apkven, kpJ-tem-ep-]amcpw Am-lp-hns kq--tfmSpw
{]hm-N-I-t\mSpw A\p-k-c-W-t-Spw [nm-chpw ImWn-p--h-cp-ambn A[-:]-Xn-ncnpp. AXn-\m Am-lp, Cv PqXam-cp-sS-bpw, sslh Xo{h-hm-Zn-I-fp-sS-bp-samw
516
JpB\ns Bmhv
ssIIsImv apkvensf inn-p-sIm-n-cn-p- ImgvN-bmWv temI-s-hn-sSbpw

Ip-sIm-n-cn-pXv. _Jd: 99,254, An-km-Av: 134 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
ako-lp--m CkvdmCu ]S-\m-b-I-\m-bn-mWv hcn-I. apkven-fn-ep I]-Shn-izm-kn-I-sfmw Ahs\ ]qam-e-bnv kzoI-cn-p--Xm-Wv. tijw Cukm \_n hm
ako-lp--m-ens\ h[n-pI-bpw, I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-sf h[nv An-km-Av: 91, Xu_: 123,
Alvkm-_v: 61 kq-fpsS Iev]\ \S-n-em-p-Xpam-Wv. \nbw I]-S-hn-izm-knI
Xs-bmWv sXm-Sn-I-sfv Xu_: 67- ]d-n-p-v. _Jd: 616,26-27 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
27.
BZans cp-]p-{Xam-cpsS hrm--hpw Ahv bYm-hn[n hni-Zo-Icnp tIn-p-I. Ah-cn-cp-hcpw _en-bn---tm Hcp-hs _en kzoIcn--s-p. as-h-tXv kzoI-cn--s--Xp-an-. Ah ]d-p: Rm \ns
sImpIf-bpIXs -sN-pw. Atm a-h ]d-p: \nbw Amlp
àmcn\nv am{Xta (_en-bpw, A\p-jvTm-\--fp-samw) kzoI-cn-pI-bpq.
28.
Fs-sIm-m thn \ns ssI Fntev \o \opI-bm-sW-nepw,

\ns sImp--Xn-\p-thn Fs ssI \nntev Rm \op-I-bn-.
\nbw Rm k-tem-I--fp-sSbpw DS-a-bmb Am-lp-hns\ `b-s-Spp.
29.
\nbw Rm\p-t-in-p-Xv, Fs Iphpw \ns Iphpw \o Xs hln-W-sa-pw, As\ \o \c-I-ns kl-hm-kn-I-fn s]S-W-sa-p-amWv.
AXmWv A{I-an-Ip {]Xn-^-ew.
30.
HSp-hn Ahs Bmhv, Ahs k-tlm-Z-cs\ h[n-p--Xn-\v Ah\v

hgn. As\ Ah k-tlm-Zc
- s\ h[n-p, Fmw \-s-h
- c
- n B]Xnp-Ibpw sNbvXp.
BZw Z-Xn-Iv Hmtcm {]k-h-nepw Hcm-Wpw, s]p-am-bn- Cc- km-\-fmbnmbncpp BZy-Im-ev P\n-n-cp--Xv. BZy {]k-h-n-ep ]pcp-j cm-as
{]k-h-n-ep kv{Xosbbpw, cm-as {]k-h-n-ep ]pcp-j BZy-{]-k-h-nep kv{Xosb-bp-am-bn-cpp hnhmlw sNtnbn-cp--Xv. Jm_o-ens IqsS- P\n
kv{Xo `wKn-bp--h-fpw, lm_o-ens IqsS P\n--h hncq-]n-bp-am-bn-cp-p. AXn\m
Jm_o Xs IqsS P\n ktlm-Z-cnsbs X\nv hnhmlw sN-W-sav iTnp.
As ico-A-n\v hncp--am-b Jm_o-ens Cu \o-n\v ]cn-lmcw tXSp-Xn-\pthn Ah _en-bn-m Xocp-am-\n-p. As\ BSp-h-fp-Im-c-\mb lm_o
Ghpw \Hns\ Am-lp-hns t]cn _en-\Im Xocp-am-\n-p. Irjn-m-c-\mb
Jm_o tami-s Ipd-v [m-\y-Xn-cp-I _en-bmbn \on-sh-p. BIm-ip\nv
Xohv Icn-pI hgn-bmWv _en kzoI-cn-p-Xpw, Am-Xpw Xncn-d
- n-bp-X
- v. lm_oens _enbmWv kzoI-cn-Xv. Atm Jm_o lm_o-ens\ h[n-p-sav òj-Wns-Sp-n. àm-cn\nv am{X-amWv Amlp I- kzoI-cn-p-I Fv lm_o
]d-p (_Jd: 186 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I). As\ Ah-km\w kzk-tlm-Z-cs\
AamCZ (5)
517
sImm Jm_o-en\v Ahs \^vkv h-g-p-Ibpw, Ah lm_o-ens\ h[n-p-Ibpw,

Fmw \jvS-s--h-cn B]Xn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. temIv \S-p Fm Hmtcm- sIm
e-]m-X-I-n-sbpw in BZy-sIme \S-nb Jm_o-en-\p-sv \_n (k) ]Tn-n-np-v. Ben-Cw-dm: 183, An-km-Av: 85,93 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
31.
]noSv Xs ktlm-Zc
- s PUw ad-hv sNt-s
- X-s
- \-sbv Ah\v ImWnp-sIm-Sp-p--Xn\pthn `qan-bn IpgntXmp Hcp Imsb Amlp
\ntbm-Kn-p. AXp-Iv Ah ]dp: lm IjvSw, Fs ktlm-Z-cs
PUw ad-hv sNt-sX--s\-sbv Ip-]n-Sn-m Cu Im-bpsS
kmaywt]mepw F\n-p-m-bn--tm. As\ Ah s\SpwtJZn
]Xn--h-cns]p-t]m-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp.
32.
AXnt\m-S\
- p-_
- nv Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-If
- p-St- a \mw tcJ-s-Sp-p-Ibpmbn, \nbw Hcp Bm-hn\v ]I-c-ambnsmtm, As-n `qan-bn
\miw hnX--Xns t]cntem AmsX Bsc-n-ep-sam-cm Hcp a\p-jys\
h[n-p-I-bm-sW-n, Atm Ah apgp-h a\p-jy-scbpw h[n-Xv
t]mse-bm-Ip-p. C\n-sbm-cp-h Hcm-m-hns\ Pohnn-m, Ah apgph a\p-jy-scbpw Pohn-n-Xpt]mse-bm-Ip-p. Ahcntev \psS
ZqXam hy-amb shfn-]mSpwsImv hcn-I-bp-m-bn. ]ns \nbw
Ah-cn-e-[n-I-t]cpw AXn-\p-tijhpw `qan-bn \miwhnX-p-, AXn-cp
Ihnh Xsbm-Ip-p.
33. \n-b-am-bnpw Am-lp-hn-t\m-Spw Ahs ZqX-t\mSpw bpw sNp-I-bpw,

`qan-sb \innp--Xn\pthn HmSn\S-p-Ibpw sNp--h-cp-tm,
Ahp {]Xn-êw, Ahsc h[n-p-I-tbm As-n- {Iqin-p-I-tbm
As-n A-hc
- psS ssII-fpw Imep-Ifpw hn]-co-Xa
- mbn apdn-p-If
- b
- p-Itbm
As-n \mSpIpItbm BIp-p. AsX A-hv Cl-n \nyXbmWp-Xv, ]c-n Ahv `b--c-amb in-bp-am-Wp--Xv.
34.
\n-f-hsc ]nSn-Iq-Sp--Xn\papv ]m-]nv tJZnp aS-n-bh-scm-gnsI,

Atm \n Adn-p-sIm-p-I, \n-b-ambpw Amlp Gsd s]mdp
p Imcp-Wyhm\mIp-p.
Cv PqXamcpsS Cu kz`mhw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Im-Wp--Xv. Ah Am-lp-hns\bpw dkq-en-s\bpw Jp-B-\n aqSn-shv sImm-sIme sNbvXpsImv Am-lp-hnt\m-Spw dkq-en-t\mSpw bpw {]Jym-]n-n-cn--bm-Wv. a\pjynimNp-fmb Ah
cwNn hKo-b-X tZio-b-X hwio-b-X kzP-\-]--]m-Xw kwL-S\m]-]m-Xw
XpS-n-b-h-sbmw hfn imn-bpw kam-[m-\-hpw Hcp-a-bpw sFIy-hp-samw CmXmn `qansb \in-n-p-I-bm-Wv sNp--Xv. (_Jd: 85, Ben-Cw-dm: 21-22, An-kmAv:
35.
Hm kXy-hn-izmkw ssIsIm--htc, \n Amlphns\ lrZ-b-n

kqn-p-Ibpw, Ah-\n-te-v ASp-p-hm-\p amKw At\z-jn-p-Ibpw,
518
JpB\ns Bmhv
Ahs amKn XymK-]-cn-{i-a- sNp-Ibpw sNp-hn\n
hnPbwhcn-pIh XsbmIW-sa--Xn\v thn.
Ah-\n-tev ASp-p-hm-\p amKw At\z-jn-p-I-sbv ]d-m, Ah-\n-tev

ASp-n-p CS-bm-fam-sc-bpw, a[y-am-scbpw, ip]mi-m-scbpw shpIsb.
ImcWw Ah\v CS-bm-famtcm, ip]mi-mtcm Hp-an- (A-n-km-Av: 117 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I). CkvdmAv: 56-57, \o Ah-tcmSv ]d-bpI: Ah-s\-q-SmsX \n
Bsc thW-sa-nepw hnfnv {]mnp-I. Atm Ahv \n-fpsS Zpcn-X-
Zqco-I-cn-m-t\m, amn-shmt\m km[n-p-X-. Cq- hnfnv {]mnp--h-cp-tm, Ah kzbw Xs XfpsS \mYs kmao]yw tXSp--h-cpw, Ahcn BcmWv
Ah-t\mSv IqSp-X ASp--h-\m-hpI FXn\pthn {ian-p-sIm-n-cn-p--hcpw;
Ahs ImcpWyw Bin-p--h-cpw, Ahs insb `b-s-Sp--h-cp-am-Wv. \n-bw,
\ns \mYs in hf-sc `b-s-tS-Xv Xs-bm-Ip-p Fp-]-d-n-p-v. kzKhpw
\c-Ihpw Ah-c-h Xs-bmWv km-Zn-p--sXv Jp-B BW-bnv ]d-bp-p.
Hcmpw asm-cmv kamKw \Im Ign-bn-spw ]d-bp-p. Fm ]ns
FmWv Am-lp-hn-s kmao]yw tXSm-\p amKw? AsX, sXp-sN-m Ah-k-c-apm-bnv Am-lp-hns\ Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n Ip-sImv B sXn\nv AIp
\np-Ibpw, Am-lp-hn-s\-bpw {]hm-N-I-s\bpw Ahs krjvSn-Iv ]cnNb-s-Spp--Xn\pthn Jp-B\ns Bibw a\p-jy-cpsS lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn ]Tn-n-psIm-Sp-pIbpw, AXn-\pthn k-pw ka-b-hp-samw hn\n-tbm-Kn--pIbp-am-WXv.
\akvIc
- n-p-h
- t- \m, t\m-\p-jvTn-p-h
- t\m kzKw hmKvZm\w sNm F\nv km[np-I-bn-, Fm Ipeo-\bmsbmcp kv{Xo Fm kml-N-cy-fpw A\p-Iq-e-amb Ah-bn hy`n-Nm-c-n-tev Wn-p-tm Am-lp-hns\ `b-s-p-sImv AXn\nv
]nam-dppshn Ah-t\mSv kzKn {]th-in-p-sIm-p-I-sbv ]d-bp-sav \_n
(k) ]Tn-nXns s]mcpfpw AXv Xs-bmWv.
Am-lp-hns amKn XymK-]-cn-{iaw sNp-I-sbv ]d-m, Av bp-
fn ]s-Sp-p-I-bpw AXn-\p-thn Bbp-[- hmn-p--Xn\pw apw ]Ww sNe-hgn-p-Ib-p-am-Wv. ey-km-m-XvI-c-W-n\pthn k-Ign-hp-I-fpw D]-tbm-Kn-p-I
FXmWv PnlmZv. Jp-B\ns Bibw ]Tn-p-I-bpw, ]Tn-n-p-I-bp-w sN-emWv
Cs PnlmZv (^pJm: 52 t\mp-I). Jp-B\ns Bibw lrZbwsImv a\-nem-m-\mWv Amlp Ffp--am-n-bn-p--sXv Ja: 17 ]d-bp-p. Jp-B\ns
Bi-b-n \nmWv ]nimNv XS-bp-I-sbv ^pJm: 29, kpKvdp-^v: 36, amCZ: 91, apPmZne: 19, AAvdm^v: 175 XpS-nb kq--fn-semw ]d-bp-p. Jp-B\ns Bi-b-anmsX {]m-\-Iv D-cw e`n-p-I-bn-s-pw, A\p-jvTm-\- kzoI-cn--s-Sp-Ibn-spw _Jd: 186 hni-Zo-I-cn-n-p-v. Fm Cv Jp-B\ns Bibw ]Tnm-\pw, ]Tn-n-m\pw Bcpw Xm-dn-m Ah--bm-Wp--Xv (kpa: 17-18,32-33, ^pne-v: 30-32 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I.) _Jd: 154,285-286, Ben-Cw-dm: 133136,182,200, An-km-Av:
36.
\nbw Jp-B-s\ aqSn-sh--h-cp-tm, Ahv `qan-bn-ep kp

apgp-h-\pw, AtXm-sSmw A{X-tmfw thsdbpw Ah-cpsS A[o-\-n-ep-
AamCZ (5)
519
m-bn, Fnv AsXm-sbpw Ay-\m-fnse inbn\nv cs-Sm

sXw sNmsapshmepw Ah-cn\nXv kzoI-cn--s-Sp-I-bn,
Ahv thZ-\m-P-\-I-amb in-bpamWpXv.
Ben-Cw-dm: 90-91, An-km-Av: 56 hni-Zo-I-c-W-w t\mp-I.
37.
Ah B \c-I-n\nv ]pd-p-IS-m sImXn-p-sIm-n-cnpw.

Fm Ah-cXn\nv ]pd-p-I-S-p-I-bn. Ahv nc-amb inbpamWpXv.
kPZ: 20, I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-tfm, Ah \c-I-n B]Xn-pI Xs-sN-pw.

Hmtcm {]mh-iyhpw B \c-I-n\nv ]pd-p-h-cm-\p-t-in-p-tmgpw AXn-tev Xs
Ahsc Xncn-p-hnSp-Xm-Wv. \n Xn--d-n-cp, If-hm-n-bn-cp- \c-I-in
cpNn-p-sIm-p-I-sbv apdn-bnv \In-bn-p-v. Xu_: 68, sXm-Sn-I-fmb I]-S-hnizm-kn-I-fmb ]pcp-jam-tcmSpw kv{XoI-tfmSpw \ntj-[-n-\p-ta \ntj[w ssIsImp Ip^v^m-dp-I-tfmSpw Amlp \c-Imn hmKvZw sNbvXn-p-s-pw, Ah-c-Xn
\nXy-hm-kn-I-fm-sW-pw, Ahv AXp-Xs aXn-sb-pw, Ahsc Amlp i]n-n-pspw Ahv nc-amb in-bp-spw ]d-n-p-v (lv: 1922 Iqnhm-bnpI). An-km-Av: 136-140,145 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
38.
Ifhv \S-n-bXv BWm-bn-cn--s s]m-bn-cn-s \n-f-h-cpsS ssII

apdnpI. Ah km-Zn--Xns {]Xn-^-e-am-bn-smpw Am-lp-hn
\np ]mTw ]Tn-n-p in-bm-bn-sm-pw. Amlp AP--\mb
bpn--\n Xsbtm.
cp-ssI-Ifpw apdnWsa--, Hcp ssI apdn--W-sa-mWv D-t-iyw. Hm-as

tamj-W-n\v he-t-ImWv apdn-t--Xv. h-Is ssI apdn-cp-sXv \_n (k)
]Tn-n-n-p--Xn-\m h-\v tamj-W-ns hn[n _m[-I-a-sv hcpp. Hcm-fpsS
[\w Abm-fpsS kwc--W-n \np Icp-Xn-qn If-hmbn A[o-\-s-Sp-p-Xn\v
am{Xta Cu hn[n _m[-I-ap-q. ]g--tfm, ]--dntbm tamjvSn-m ssIsIm--ens-pw, Blmc tamm-hns ssI apdn-tXn-spw \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. ]nIsf tamn-m ssI apdn-m ]mSn-sv Aen (d)-Dw Dkvam (d) hn[n {]Jym-]n-np-v. Npcp--n Ifhv \S-m-\p kml-N-cy--sfmw Cm-Xm-nbtijw Icp-Xnqn \nm-c-a-m hkvXp-- If-hv -\-S-n-bm am{Xta ssI apdn-m ]mSp-q.
Cv hy`n-Nmcw, Iv XpSn-b t-- a-J-eIfnset]mse Cu taJ-e-bnepw JpB\ns hn[n \S-n-em-m km[n-p-I-bn-. Atm Jp-B\ns Bibw ]Tn-np
sImSp--tijw Jp-B\ns ASn-m-\-n PohnXw \bn-p hnizm-kn-I-fpsS Hcp
kaq-l-n am{Xta Cu hn[n \S-n-em-m Amlp Bh-iysnp-q. 35mw kqw
apX hnizm-kn-IsfbmWv A-`n-kw-t_m-[\w sNbvXn-p--Xv. hnizm-kn-I-fpsS kwL-aps-n Ah[n-Imcw sImSp-p-sav Aq: 55 ]d-n-p-v. Cv JpB\ns
hml-I-cn-emWv \mSns\ \in-n-p If-hpw Ih-bpw sIme-bpw sIm-bpw ab-p-a
cp-v I--h-S-hp-samw IqSp-X kt-fn-n-p--sXv ImWmw. AX-h Jp-B\ns
520
JpB\ns Bmhv
Bibw ]Tn-m {ian-msX AXns\ IgpX `mcw hln-p--Xp-t]mse hln-p--XpsIm-m-Wv. PpapA: 5 Igp-X-tbm-Spw, AAvdm^v: 176, \mb-tbmSpw D]-an Cu P\
X-s-Xnsc Jp-B kmywhln-p-sa-m-Wv Jp-B \n\-s-Xn {]am-W-am-sWv
\_n (k) ]Tnn-Xns s]mcp. Atm Ifhpw Ih-bp-samw Ipd-p-X
- n\pthn
apkven-fpsS Imcy-nsenepw Jp-B-\-\p-k-cnp hn[n- \S-nem-W-sa \nbaw
sImp-h-c-emWv \ne-hn-ep `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I sNt--Xv. aZo-\-bn sN \_n,
BZy-L--n PqXtcmSv Ah-cpsS {K-a-\p-k-cnpw R Jp-B-\-\p-k-cnpw hn[np-sIm-m-sa Icm sNbvXn-cp-p (_Jd: 84 Iqnhmbnp-I). Ah-cpsS CS-bn
hn[n-Iev]n-n-cp-Xv Xudmv Ah-sc-smv hmbn-nptI-tijw AX-\p-k-cnmbncp-p. Xudm-n-sebpw Co-en-sebpw hn[n-I amCZ: 44,45,47 kq-fn hcppv.
Cu kq-n Ifhv \S-n-b-h-s\v ]pcp-jamscpdn-v BZyw ]d-X
-- n\m, ]pcp-jam-cmWv Ifhv \S-p-X
- n ap]-n-bn Fp-Im-Wm Ign-bpw. Fm
\q: 2, hy`n-Nm-cn-Wnsbpdn-v BZyw ]d-X
-- n-\m hy`n-Nm-c-n-tev apssI-sSp-p-Xv kv{XoI-fm-sWv ImWm-hp--Xm-Wv. ^pn-e-v: 42, Jp-B t{ImUo-Icn-p--Xn\paptm t{ImUo-I-cn--Xn-\p-ti-jtam AXn anYy-sbmpw IS-p-Iq-Sp-I-bns-pw, AXv {XnIm-e-m-\n-bpsS hN-\-am-sWpw ]d--Xn-\p sXfn-hm-Wn-sXmw.
apwX-ln\: 12, \_n-tbmSv Amlp ]d-bp-p: hnizm-kn-\n-I \ntmSv kXy-{]-Xn
sNm hm, Am-lp-hn bmsXm-n-s\bpw ]p-tNm ]mSn-s-pw, Ifhv \S-cp-sXpw, hy`n-N-cn--cp-sX-pw km-\-sf h[n--cp-sX-pw, ap--h-cn hy`nNmcIpw Btcm-]nv A]-hm-Z-n Gs-S-cp-sX-pw, \-bn \ns [n-cn--cpsXpw Ah-tcmSv hyh sNbvXp-sImv Ahsc kXy-{]-Xn sNn-p-I. Ahpthn Am-lp-hn-t\mSv s]mdp--ens\ tXSp-Ibpw sNp-I. _Jd: 66 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
39.
Fm Bscnepw Xs A{Ian\p-tijw ]m--]nv aSp-Ibpw

kzbw \m-hp-Ibpw sNbvXm, Atm \nbw Amlp Ahs-ta
aS-p--Xm-Wv. \nbw, Amlp Gsd s]mdp-p-- Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[n-btm.
Ipw sNbv X tijw (A- { Ia- n- \ p- t i- j w) ]m- ]nv aS- p- I bpw kzbw
\mhpIbpw sNbvXm ssIap-dn--cpXv F ChnsS ]d--Xns hnh-, adnv
ssIap-dnX-n-\p-tijw ]m-]nv aS--W-sa-m-Wv. A{Ia-n-\p-tijw Fp-]-d-Xns hnh-, Amlp ImWp-n-, t\mp-n F [mc-W-bn Ifhv \S-ptm inv hcpp FXm-Wv. ep-Jvam: 13, inv hn A{I-aw Xs-bmWv
Fp-]d
-
n-p-v. tamjWpn\p-tijw ]m-]n-p-Ib
- pw B-kw-kvIc
- Wwhgn
Am-lp-hntev ASp-p-Ibpw sNbvX hynv Am-lp-hns tIm-]
- n\nv cbps-mWv kqw ]Tn-n-p--Xv. tamj-W-n\p in-bmb ssI apdn-, Ah
km-Zn--Xn-\p {]Xn-^-e-hpw, ap--hv ]mTw ]Tn-nm-\p-ap--Xm-Wv. AXv Cltem-I-tp in am{X-am-b-XpsImv ssI apdn--Xn-\p-ti-jhpw Hcm ]m-]nv aSn-bnn-s-n ]c-tem-Is in HgnhmIp--X-. hnizm-kn-bm-bn-smv
hy`n-N-cn-m-t\m Ifhv \S-mt\m km[n-p-I-bn-s-v \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. Atm
Am-lp-hns\ ad-p-sImv (liv: 19) inne-I-sti-j-w am{X-amWv If-hn-tes-
AamCZ (5)
521
Sp-I. hnizm-kn-bm-ImsX Hcmfpw kzKn {]th-in-p-I-tbm, I- kzoI-cn-s-Sp-Itbm C-. _J-d: 186, An-km-Av: 48 hniZo-I-cWw t\mpI.
40.
\nbw Amlp, Ah-m-Wv BIm-i-`q-an-I-fpsS B[n-]Xysav \n\-dnbn-t? Ah-\p-t-in-p-h

- sc Ah inn-p-p, Ah-\p-t-in-p-h
- v
Ah s]mdp-p-sIm-Sp-p-p. Amlp Fm- Im-cy-n\pw, Fm- h-kvXphn-s-ta-enepw Ign-hp k-i--\-tm.
_Jd: 284 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. BIm-i-`q-an-I-fn-ep Imcy--sf-mw BZyta

\n-bn-v Hcp {K-n tcJ-s-Sp-n-sh-n-p-sv lv: 70 ]d-n-p-v. Xu_:
51, Ckvdm-Av: 13-15, bq\pkv: 61, lqZv: 6, k_-Av: 3, lZo-Zv: 22, A-Km-_p: 11, bmko:
12, \_-Av: 29 XpS-nb kq--fnsemw Amcyw ]d-n-p-v. {]kvXpX {Kw
{XnIm-e-m-\n-bmb {km-hns {XnIm-e-m-\-amb Jp-B Xs-bm-Wv. BcmWv
Ifhp \S-p-I, BcpsS ssI apdn--s-Spw, Bcp h[n--s-Spw, BcmWv s]mdpens\
tXSp-I, BmWv s]mdppsImSp-p-I, Bsc-bmWv inn-p-I, BmWv kzKw
sImSp-p-I, BmWp \cIw sImSp-p-I XpS-nb Imcy--sfmw {]kvXpX {Kn tcJ-s-Sp-n-bn-p-v. Xpemkpw, Dc--p-w Dm-gvN-Zm-b-I-hpamb {]kvXpX
{K-ns Bibw D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-n, Am-lp-hns hgn-bpw ]nim-Nns hgnbpw
Xncn--dn-v Ah-c-hsc Xncn--dnv, Fs hn[n \c-I-n-te-m-sW-n Fs-smv
Xncp-n-n--Wsapw kI- {]hn-m-\-h-kcw \I-W-sapw ]c-a-Imcp-Wn-I-\mb Am-lp-hn-t\mSv lrZbwsImv {]mn-p-I-bpw Jp-B\ns Bibw
]Tn-p-I-bpw ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNbvXv kzbw kzKw]Wn-Xm, ChnsS ]WnX kzKn\v
]I-c-ambn Ahv Am-lp-hns hoSmb kzK-n-tev Xncn-p-t]m-Im-hp--Xm-Wv.
_Jd: 185,213, Ben-Cw-dm: 136,182185, An-km-Av: 118, ABw: 104 t\mp-I.
41.
Atbm {]hm-N-Im, kXy\ntj-[-ns hgnbn kZm HmSn-\-SpsImn-cn-p, X-fpsS hmb-sImv R hniz-knp Fp-]-d-bp-I-bpw,
Fm Ah-cpsS lrZ-b--fn hniz-kn-n-n-m--h-cp-amb Bfp-I-fn
s]-h-cpsSbpw PqX-cmbn-o-hcn s]-h-cp-sSbpw {]h-\-
\ns Zp:Jnn- t - - X n- . Ah If- h n- \ p- t hn tIp- - h - c pw,
\nntev hcm asmcp P\-Xpthn tIp--h-cp-am-Ip-p. Ah
thZ-hN
- \
-
- sf AXns icn-bmb m\w a\-n-embnpw kmm Bibn\nv sXn-p--h-cp-am-Ip-p. Ah ]d-bp-p: \nv Cbn
\nb-a-fmWv \Ip--sX-n AXv kzoI-cn-p-I, AXmXmWv
Atlw \Ip--sX-n \n kqnpIbpw sNpI. Amlp
Bsc-sbnepw ]co--W-n-e-I-s-Sp-m-\p-t-in-m Ah\n\nv
Ahsc tamNn- n- p- - X n\v \n\v bmsXmpw sNm Ign- b n- .
AqcpsS lrZ-b-sf ipo-I-cn-m Amlp Dt-in-n-n-. Cl-n
Ahv \ny-X-bmW-p--Xv, ]c-n Ahv hn in-bp-amWpXv.
ChnsS lrZ-b--fn hnizm-k-an-msX hmb-sImv hniz-kn-n-p-sv ]d-bp-Ibpw

\ntj-[-n hnl-cn-p-sIm-n-cn-pIbpw sNp--h I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fm-Wv. Ah
522
JpB\ns Bmhv
PqXam-cpsS AtX kz`mhw shp]pep--h-cm-Wv. hKo-b-X, kmap-Zm-bn-I-Xzw, tZiob-X, hwio-b-X, IpSn-e-X, kzm-X, kzP-\-]--]m-Xw, kwL-S-\m]--]m-Xw XpS-nb
ss]im-Nn-I-amb Fm {]h-\-fpw \S-n-em-m-\pw, ap--hsc AXn\v t{]cn-nm\pw HmSn\S-p--h-cm-W-h. Jp-B-\ns XW-en a\p-jy-cpsS sFIyw \ne\nmthn Ah {]hn-p-I-bn-. Jp-B\ns Bibw Ah tIp-Xv,
hf-sm-Sn-m-\pw Ifhv sIn--av {]N-cn-n-phm-\p-am-Wv. Ah Jp-B\ns Bibw
tIm hcn-I-bm-sW-nXs Ah-cpsS t\Xm-am ]d--b-nv hcp--h-cpw,
kwL-S-\v hncp--ambn Jp-B ]d-bp-tm AXv kzoI-cn-msX am-sc-nepw Ahsc
ImWp-p-tm-sbv t\mn ]Xpn kZ-n\nv Fgptpt]mIp-hcpw (Xu_:
127 t\mp-I), Ah-cpsS tI{--fnsNv Jp-B\ns Bibw ]d-bp-Xv sXmbnmsW-pw, kwL-S-\-mscsbmw Im^n-dp-I-fpw apivcnp-Ifpw Bp-I-bm-sWpw ]dbp-Xp-am-Wv. Am-lp-hns kq--tfmSv hntcm[wshv Xn-p-sIm-n-cn-p, Amlp-hns i{Xp--fmb Cu I]-Sam km[m-cW P\--tfmSv Jp-B Bibw hni-ZoI-cn-p-n-Sv t]mI-cp-sXv ]dv Ahsc hne-p-hcmWv (^pn-e
- v: 26-28 t\mp
I). Ccw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS hmp-tIv Jp-B\ns Bibw tIm-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw, _pn-in {]tbm-Kn-msX A-ambn Ahsc A\p-k-cn-p-Ibpw sNbvX km[mc-W-m \msf (hn[n-Zn-hkw) R-fpsS \mYm, Pnp-I-fn\npw a\p-jy-cn\npw
Rsf hgn-]n-g-nhsc Rsmv ImWnpXcn-I, Ah Rv Xmsg-bmIm
thn- R-f-hsc Imen-\-Sn-bn-emn Nhn-n-sa-Xnv tZjyw Xo-s Fv ]d-bp
cwKw ^pn-e-v: 29- ap-dnbnv \Inbn-p-v. (apIv: 10, bmko: 62, ^pJm: 27
29 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Am-lp-hns hN-\- m\wsXn hf-sm-Sn-p--Xn-\p-Zm-lc-W _Jd: 85, Ben-Cw-dm: 78 hni-Zo-I-c-W-n ImWmw. ^mnl: 7, _Jd:
99,113, An-km-Av: 46, amCZ: 13 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
42.
Ch Iw sIn-a
-
- p-X
- n-\p-thn t- Ip-h
- c
- pw \njn-a
- p-X Xnp- h - c p- a m- I p- p. Atm- f - h Ahn- S - b n hn[n- I ev]n- m
thn\nntev hcn-I-bm-sW-n \o Ahn-S-bn hn[n-Iev]n-p-I
As-n- A-hsc Ah-K-Wn-p-I. Ahsc Ah-K-Wn-p-I-bm-sW-n
Ah \n\smcp D]{Zhhpw sNp-I-bn-. Fm \o Ahn-S-bn
hn[nIev]n-p-IbmsW-n \oXn-]qw hn[n-Iev]n-p-I. \nbw
Amlp \oXn-amamsc CjvS-s-Sp-h Xsbtm.
Ah Jp-B\ns Bibw tIp-Xv AXns\ hf-sm-Snv If-hm-p--Xn\p

thn am{X-am-Ip-p. Ah \njnw Xnp--h-cp-am-sWv ]d--Xv, Ah Jp-B\ns
hn[n-hn-e-p-Ip hncp--ambn P\-fpsS Bh-iym-\p-k-cWw ^Xvh \Ip--hcpw,
As\ P\--fn\nv ssIqen hmn-n-p--h-cpw Jp-B\ns hn[n-hn-e-pIv hncp--amb t\-h-gn-]m-Sp-I P\-n-S-bn \S-n-em-p--h-cpamWv. amCZ:
3epw, ABw: 145epw, Am-lp-hns t]cn-e-msX t\-bmbn \on-sh `Wkm[-\--fpw ]n-amw-khpw Im]-Sy-ap-f-hm-p-Xpw amen-\y-hp-am-sWv ]d-n-p--Xv aqSnshv km[m-c-W-P-\-sfsmv \njnw Xonp-h-cm-Wv Ah-scv Jp-B _kzmC-dmbn D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-n-bm a\-n-em-m-hp--XmWv (ABw: 104). Cv temInsehn-sSbpw ssl-hss{IkvX-hPqX ]ptcm-ln-Xam-sc-m Cu kap-Zm-b-nse
AamCZ (5)
523
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fmWv P\--fpsS [\w Ahn-ln-X-ambn Xnp--Xv FXv Hcp hkvXp-Xbm-Wv. Xu_: 34 Amlp hnizm-kn-Isf hnfnv, "\nbw ]W-vUnX ]ptcm-lnXam A[n-I-t]cpw P\--fpsS [\w Ahn-ln-X-ambn Xnp-I-bpw, P\-sf Am-lphns amK-n\nv (Jp-B\n-s Bi-b-n\nv) XS-bp-Ibpw sNpsav' ]dXv Acw{]Xn \S-n-em-bn-cn-p-I-bm-Wv. Atm hnizm-kn-I Cu a\p-jy-]n-imNp--fmb ]WvUnX ]ptcm-ln-Xamsc ^pJm D]-tbm-K-s-Spn Xncn--dnv shSntb-XmWv. Am--]w AhcpsS ZpKXn ^mnl: 7, _Jd: 166-167 kq-fpsS hni-Zo-I-c-W-n ImWmw.
Cu kq-n \_n (k)bpsS Ime-p-\-S Hcp kw`-h-amWv DWp--Xv.
PqX-m-cp-amnS-bn Xudm-\
- p-kc
- nv hn[n-\S-n-em-pI-sb DS-S- n aZo-\b
- n ]menp-t]m-n-cp-p. Nne-tm X-fpsS aX- \n-b-a-a-\p-k-cnv Xop-Iev]n-m IgnbmXpw B{K-ln-mXpamb tIkpIv hn[n tXSn-smv Ah \_n (-k)bpsS
kn-[n-bn hn-cp-p. CkvemanI icoA-n\v hncp--ambn asmcp hn[n Xv
e`n--W-sa-pw, AXp-hgn kzw ico-Av \nb-a-n\nv c-sSmsapap {]Xo-bmbncpp Ahsc AXn\v t{]cn-n-n-cp--Xv. ssJ_-dnse Ipeo\ PqXIpSpw-_-nep Hcp kv{Xobpw ]pcp-j\pw Xn Ahn-lnX_w ]pen. Xudm-neXn\v
FdnpsIm in-bmWv hn[n-n-p--Xv (B-h-\w: A[ymbw 22, hN\w 23-,24)
blq-Zn-I Cu inm-hn[n \S-n hcp-m C-s-n-. h Cfhpw e`n-p-sav
IcpXn \_n (k)sb hn[n-Im-hm-m Xocp-am-\n-p. Fdn-p-sIm--e-m ap-h-hn-[nbpw \Ip-]
- w AwKo-Ic
- n-m\pw Am-]
- w kzoI-cn-mXncn-m-\pambncpp
Ah-cpsS Xocp-am\w. \_n {K-a-\p-k-cnv Fdn-p-sIm-m hn[n-p (A-n-km-Av: 104
Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Atm PqXam AXv AwKo-I-cn-n-. \_n tNmZn-p: Xudmn
CXn-s\v in-bmWv hn[n-n-p-Xv? Ah adp-]Sn ]d-p: N-n-sIm-v ASn-epw,
apJp Icn-tXp Igp-X-p-dv khm-cn-sN-n--epamWv AXn-\p in. Atm
\_n (k) Am-lp-hns\ kmys-Spnsmv tNmZn-p: CXv Xs-bmtWm hnhmln-X-cmb hy`nNmcn-Iv Xudm-n hn[n-n-p- in? AtX- Fv Ah hopw
Iw ]d-p. Atm Ames G-hpw- h-enb Xudmv ]WvUn-X-\mb C_v\p
kqcn-bmsb hnfnv \_n (k) tNmZnp: \nsf IS-Sn ^tdm-h-bn\npw cn,
\nv ko\m ]-X-nshp Xudm-p-\Inb Am-lp-hns\ kmn-bmn
Rm \n-tfmSv tNmZn-pp: kXyn CtX in- XsbmtWm Xudm-n
hn[n-n-p-Xv? AXp-hsc au\-ah-ew-_n-n-cp Atlw ]d-p: \o C{X- I-Sp kXyw
sNnn-n-cpns-n Rm bmYmyw shfn-s-Sp-p-am-bn-cp-n-. bYm-n
hy`n-Nm-c-n\p in Xudm-nepw Fdn-p-sIm- Xs-bm-Wv, ]t R-fn
hy`n-Nmcw {Iam-[o-X-ambn hn--tm R-fpsS hn[n-Im-, henb Bfp-I
hy`n-N-cn-m shdpsX hnSp-Ibpw, km[m-cWm- hy`n-N-cn-m Ahsc Fdn-p-sImp-Ibpw sNp- Hcp arZpe\bw kzoI-cn-p (AAvdm^v: 169 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). CXv
km[m-c-Wm-cn AXr-]vXn-bp-m-n-b-tm, R Xudm-nse \nban\v ]Icw
Cu k{-Zmbw \S-nem-n (hy`n-Nm-cn-Isf N-n-sImv {]l-cn-p-I-bpw, apJ-p-I-cntXp Igp-X-]p-dv ]nn-n-cpn khmcn sNn-p-Ibpw sNpI). tijw blq-ZnIsmpw ]d-bm-\p-m-bn-cp-n-. As\ \_n (k) bpsS hn[n-b-\p-k-cnp B
hy`nNm-cn-I-fm-b cp-t]cpw Is-dn-v sIm--sp.
524
JpB\ns Bmhv
"\o Ahn-S-bn hn[n Iev]n-p-IbmsW-n \oXn-]qw hn[n-Iev]n-p-I'

Fp]-dXns hnh-, Jp-BsImv Amlp Dt-in--X-\p-k-cnv hn[n-Iev]npI Fm-Wv. Jp-BsImv hn[n-Iev]n-p--h Amlp C-s-Sp hnizm-kn-Ifpw, Jp-B Inn-bnv AXpsIm-v hn[n-Iev]n-msX ap krn-If
- psS {K-sImv
(Iimkv{X {K-sIm-v) hn[n-Iev]n-p-h
- bYm-{Iaw Im^n-dpw fmenapw ^mknJp-am-sWv amCZ: 44,45,47 kq--fn ]d-bp-p-v. _Jd: 76,101, An-km-Av: 1516,6065,113,133135,155-156, amCZ: 18-19 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.43.
Ah F-s\-bmWv \ns hn[n-Im-hmbn kzoI-cn-pI? Ah-cpsS

] Am-lp-hns hn[n-I-f-S-nb Xudm-p-m-hp-I-bpw, ]ns AXn\p-tijw Ah-Xn\nv kzbw ]nam-dp-Ibpw sNbvXp-sIm-n-cns, Aq
Hcn-epw hniz-mknI-fm-hp-I-bnXs.
Am-lp-hn\nv H-{Kw am{Xta A-h-X-cn-n-n-p-q. aqkm \_nv sImSp

B {Kw Xudm-v Fdnb-s-Sp-p. {ItaW PqXam AXnse hn[nhnepI
kzw Cpw A`n-em-j-pw FXn-cm-b-Xp-sImv AXns\ AhK-Wnv, Ah-cpsS
]WvUnX ]ptcm-ln-Xam- Fgp-Xn-bp-m-nb {K-\p-kcnv hn[n kzoI-cn-psImv, Ah-sc dp-I-fmnshv Pohn-pt]mp (Xu_: 31-32 t\m-p-I). Atm-gmWv
\_n (k)sb Amlp \ntbm-Kn-p--Xv. At-ls I-{]-hm-N-I-s\v ap{Z-Ipn
AwKo-I-cnm-Xn-cp Ah (_-Jd: 41-42 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I) KXy-c-an-msX,
X-fpsS C--\p-kr-Xamb h-hn-[nbpw e`n-p-sa-p {]Xotbm-Sp-Iq-Snbmbncpp
\_n-bpsS apmsI tIkp-I sImphncp--Xv. _Jd: 78-79 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I.
Cv samw a\p-jyp {Kw Jp-B-\m-Wv. B Jp-B hml-I-cn I]S-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS kz`mhw As PqXam-cpsS kz`m-h-t-m- Bt-]ml-amsWv ImWmw. AXp-sImpXs temI-s-hn-sSbpw Cv apkven \nyam-cpw,
ap-h
- c
- m Imnv XpsSp-h
- c
- p-ambn A[:]Xn-pIbpw sNbvXn-cn-p-p. Cs
PqXam JpB\ns\ If-hm-p--Xn\pthn ]e-{i-a-fpw \S-p-p-v, Fm
AXn-s-sbmw in Cu kap-Zm-b-nse I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fmWv hln-t-n-h-cn-I.
AhcpsS hnizmkw Jp-B kan-p hnizm-k-n\p hncp--am-b-XmWv AXn-\p-Im
c-Ww. _Jd: 89-91,120-121, Ben-Cw-dm: 79,91, An-km-Av: 61-65,91 hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mpI.
44.
\nbw, \mw Xudm-hX-cn-n-p. AXn kamK-hpw {]Im-i-hp-ap-v.

AXp-sImv kkzhpw Am-lp-hn\v kan \_n-am PqXcmbn-ohn-S-bn AX-\p-k-cnp hn[n-Iev]n-n-cp-p. thZ]WvUn-Xamcmb
dm-\n-If
- pw Iimkv{X ]WvUn-Xam-cmb Alv_m-dp-Ifpw Am-lp-hns
{Kw kqn-m Gn--s--h-cpw, Ah-c-Xn\v kmn-I-fp-am-bn-cp-p.
Atm \n P\s `b-s-Sm-Xn-cn-pIbpw Fs `b-s-Sp-Ibpw,
Fs kq Ipd- - h n- e v hnm- X n- c n- p- I bpw sNphn.
BcmtWm Amlp Cd-n-bX
- p-sImv hn[n-Iev]n-m-X
- v, Atm Aq
Xs-bm-Ipp kXy-\n-tj-[n-I-fmb Im^n-dp-I.
Fm \_namcpw Am-lp-hn\v kkzw kan apkvenfpw, Am-lp-hns
AamCZ (5)
525
{K-a-\p-k-cn-p hn[nIev]n-p--h-cpam-bn-cp-p. PqXam-cm-bn-o P\-v

thZ]WvUn-Xam-cpw, I-imkv{X ]WvUn-Xam-cp-samw BZy-Im-ev thZ-{K--a-\pk-cnpXs hn[n-Iev]npt]mp (kPZ: 24 t\mp-I). Fm Ime-{I-ta-W- A-h
P\-sf `b-sv Ah-cpsS CwKn-X-hpw A`n-em-jhpa\p-k-cnv {K-n\v hncp--ambn
hn[n \Im\pw, Am-lp-hns\ adp Ahs kq- Ipd hnep hnm\pw
XpS-n. CtX kz`mhw Xs-bmWv Cv apkven-fnse I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fmb ]WvUnX
]ptcm-ln-Xamp-Xv. AhXs-bmWv Am-lp-hns\ ad-- sXm-Sn-I. Amlphns\ `b-sSmsX P\--sf-bmWh `b-sSp-Xv. hnhn[ InIfmbnncnv
Ah ]nim-Nns kwL-n s]ncnp-p. Cv samw a\p-jyv Amlp Xr]vXns thZ-{Kw Jp-B am{X-am-Wv (lqZv: 17 t\mp-I). Atm JpB Inn-bnv
AXpsImv hyn-Po-hn-X-n-epw IpSpw-_-Po-hn-X-n-epw kaq-l-Po-hn-X-nepw Xocpam\w Iev]n-m--h Xs-bmWv kXys aqSn-sh-p Im^n-dpI. _Jd:
24,99,121,140,159-161,213, Ben-Cw-dm: 10,187, An-km-Av: 150-151 hni-ZoIcWw t\mp-I.
45.
\mw Xudm-n PqXammbn C{]Imcw hn[n tcJ-s-Sp-n-bn-p-mbn-cpp. Bmhn\v ]Icw Bmhv, In\v ]Icw Iv, aqn\v ]Icw
aqv, sNhnv ]Icw sNhn, ]n\v ]Icw ]v. Fm apdn-hp-Ipw
Xp-ey-amb {]Xn-{In-b. Fm Bsc-nepw {]Xn-{Inb hnp-sImSpp-Ibm-sW-n Atm AXn\v X-Xmb {]mbnapv. BcmtWm
Amlp Cd-n-bXpsImv hn[n-Iev]nm-Xv, Atm Aq- Xsbm-Ipp A{I-an-I.
_Jd: 178-179 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. "Bsc-nepw {]Xn-{Inb hnp-sImSpp-Ibm-sW-n Atm AXn\v X-Xmb {]mbnapv' F-Xns hnh-, kZJbmbn {]Xn-{Inb hnp-sIm-Sp-m hnp-sIm-Sp--s--h {]mb-nw \IWsamWv
(A-n-km-Av: 92 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Jp-Bs\ kXy-s-Sp-n-sImv (kr-n-IfmWv, Ahv
A_---fpw sXp-Ifpw kw`-hn-p-sa hkvXpX a\-n-em-n-smv) Bsc-nepw
kZp-ti-tmsS {]Xn-{In-b sNm-Xn-cp-m Ahs At\Iw sXpI amm--s-SpsamWv Fsmcp hnh-bpw IqSn CXn-\p-v. \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v: h-h-sbpw
ico-c-n Hcp apdn-hv -]-n, AXv kZ-J-bmbn hnp-sIm-Sp-m AXns Dt-iyhpw
tXmXpa\pkcnv Ahs sXpI s]mdp--s-Sp--Xm-Wv.
kq-nse I^v^m-dvF ]Z-n\v {]mb-nw FmWv Aw sImSpn-p--Xv. _Jd: 184-se ^nZvb F ]Z-n\pw CtX Aw Xs-bmWv sImSpn-p--Xv. I^m-dv krn-Iv \Ip {]mb-n--hpw, AXp-hgn Ahs sXpI AhXs ambvp-I-f-bpI-bmWv sNp--Xv. Fm ^nZvb t\mp-t]m-ep
A\p-jvTm-\- \nln-m km[y-am-bnpw \n-ln-mXncn-p--Xn-\v ]I-cw- sImSp-p {]mb-n--am-Wv.
Cv Jp-BsImv hn[n-Iev]n-m--h XsbmWv A{I-an-I. (A-Bw:
21,33,47,93, AAvdm^v: 37,40-41, Xu_: 19-23, bq\p-kv: 17, \lv: 28,33, Ilv^v: 57, AI-_qv: 49, kPZ: 22, PpapA: 5 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 254, Ben-Cw-dm: 192, amCZ: 19 hni-
526
JpB\ns Bmhv
Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. XpSbmb kq--fn Im^ndpIsfbpw A{I-anIsfbpw ChnsS

]cm-ain-n-cn-p-p.
46.
\mw, Ah-cpsS ({]hm-NI

- amcpsS) ]nmse Ahsc ]npScp adn-bans
]p{X Cukmsb \ntbm- K np, Atlw Xudm- n\nv Xs
apnepXns\ kXy-s-Sp-ph-\m-bn-cp-p. Atl-n\v \mw Co
sImSppIbpw sNbvXpAXn kamKhpw {]Im-i-hp-apv. AXv
Xudmn\nv Av Ah- t i- j n- npXns\ kXy- s - S p- p- - X pw,
Amlp lrZ-b-n kqnv Pohn-p--hXv kamK-hpw kZp-]tZ-ihpw Xs-bm-Wv.
Ben-Cw-dm: 49, Cukm \_nsb Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-I-fn-te-mWv \ntbm-Knn-p--sXv ]d-n-p-v. Bkm-cn-lnw F ]Z-n\v "Ah-cpsS ]nmse' FmWv
Aw sImSp-n-p--Xv. bYm-n Ah-cpsS ss]Xr-I-ambn FmWv AXns
Bi-bw. AYhm Cukm \_n-bpsS {]h-\-ns Hcp hnlnXw apv Ah-cn-tev
\ntbm-Kn--s {]hm-N-I-mv e`npXm-Wv. _Jd: 2,66,213, Ben-Cwdm: 45-49,138
hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I.
47.
Atm Coens Bfp-I Amlp AXn Ah-X-cn-n--Xp-sImvhn[nIev]n--s. BcmtWm Amlp Cd-n-b-Xp-sImv hn[n-Iev]n-m
Xv, Atm Aq- Xs-bm-Ipp sXm-Sn-I.
Xu_: 67 ap\m-^n-Jp-I (I-]-S-hn-izm-kn-I) Xs-bmWv ^mknJpI- (ISp [nm-cn-If

- mb A[n-I) Fp]d-n-p-v. Amlp Cd-n-bX
- v Cv JpB
am{Xam-Wv. _Jd: 2627,99,121, Ben-Cw-dm: 8182 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
48.
{]hm-N-Im, \mw \n\v Cu {Kw eytmsS Ah-X-cn-nv Xn-cn

pp. AXv thZ-n\nv AXns apn Ah-ti-jn-np--Xns\ kXys-Sp-p--Xpw, AXns\ kqvaXtbmsS Imp-kq-n-p--Xp-am-Ip-p.
AXn\m \o Ahn-Sb
- n Amlp Cd-n-bX
- p-sImv hn[n-In-pI.
\n\v kXyw hp-Inngn-n-cns \o A-hc
- psS Cm-\n-jvS
- ]n]p-I-bp-a-cp-Xv. \mw \n-fn Hmtcm-cp-pw Hmtcm ico-A-pw (IamK-hpw), ey-amKhpw \nbnn-p-v. Amlp Dt-in-n-cp-p-shn,
\nsf apgp-h\pw H-k-ap-Zm-b-am-p-am-bn-cp-p, Fm \nv \InbXn \nsf ]co- n- m thn- b m- W v ( C- s\ sNbv X - X v ) .
AXpsImv \n \-bn-tev apIS-p--hcmhp-I. \n-sf-mhcp
sSbpw aSw Am-lp-hn-te-v XsbmWv. Atm \n `nn-p-sImn-cpXns\-p-dnv Ah \nv hnh-cw ]dpXcpXp-am-Wv.
_Jd: 2 hni-Zo-I-cWw Iqn-hm-bnp-I. apl-bvan- FXn\v Imp-kq-n-p-I,

kwc-n-p-I, tat\mw hln-p-I, ]cn-]m-en-p-I, ]np-W- \Ip-I- Fsmw Bib-ap-v. Atm Jp-B AIn-Xm-_ns apl-bvan-\m-bn-mWv h-sXv ]d-Xns hnh-, ]q-th-Z--fn-e-S-nb {km-hns hn[nhne-p-I-sf-mw-Xs Jp-B-
AamCZ (5)
527
\ns Bi-b-n ASnbn-cn-p-p. AYhm {K-ns Bmhv (A-n-Iv) FmImepw Hv XsbmWv Fm-Wv. hn-]pn hyXym-k-at\y Imem-h-km\whsc
kpc-n-X-ambn Cu Jp-B \ne-\npsav lnPv: 9 ]d-n-p-v. (^pn-ev:
41-43 Iqn-hm-bnpI). Jp-B \ne-\npIme-tmfw apth-Z--fnse Xncp-s-Sm Bi-bfpw \ne-\np--Xm-Wv. _-n\: 3, Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n
t\sc-sNm-s-bp (Xn-cps-Sm-) thZ--sf-m-apv Fp-]-d-n-p-v. AYhm
Jp-B AIn-Xm-_ns\ {]Xn-\n-[o-Ic
- n-p-Ibpw Imp-kq-n-p-Ibpw sNp-p. AXpt]mse \ne-hn-ep ]q-th-Z--fn Am-lp-hns kq--fpw a\p-jy-h-N-\-fpw
IqSnp-gn-p-s-nepw, Xpem-kmb As-n Dc--mb Jp-B-\ns Bi-bw-sImv
AhXn thXn-cnv a\-n-emm Ign-bpw. AXmbXv Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n\\pkcn-p--h-sbmw Am-lp-hns hN-\-fpw, AXn\v hncp-am-bn-p--sXmw a\p-jy\nnX-hp-am-Ip-p. Aqd: 17 Jp-B Xpem-kpw lJp-am-sWv ]d-n-p-v. JpB h-Xn\p-tijw C\n ]qo-I-{K---fn am-ncp--ep-I km[y-a-m--hw
Jp-B Ahsb Impkqn-p-p. liv: 23 ]cm-ain "apsslan' Am-lphmsW-n Cu kq-nse apsslan Jp-B-\m-Wv. (kPZ: 25, lqZv: 118-119, bq\pkv: 99-100, A-Im-kp: 8, epJvam: 16, kpa: 46, A-Bw: 159, Alv: 64,93 Iqn-hmbn-p-I). _Jd: 113,147148, Ben-Cw-dm: 101-103, An-km-Av: 174175 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
_Jd: 28,213, An-km-Av: 1 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. hn[n-Zn-h-k-\m-fn "RfpsS
]nXm- inv sNbvXp, R Ahp-tijw h k-Xn-I-f-tm, AXp-sImv
B anYy-hm-Zn-I sNbvX Ip-n\v Rsf \o ]nSnv innp-IbmtWm' Fv Hcmfpw
]d-bm-Xn-cn-m thn-bmWv AAvdm^v: 173- ]d DS-Sn Hmtcm-cp--cn\npw
hmn-bnp--Xv. Fm Fm Ime-p-ap \ntj-[nItfmSv thZ-{K--ns Bibw
]n]-pI Fp]d-b-s-m Ah "R R--fpsS ]nXm--fpsS NcybmWv ]n]pI' Fp]dbpsav _Jd: 170- ]d-n-p-v. (_Jd: 171 hni-Zo-I-cWw Iqn-hmbn
pI). _pn-i-nbpw Nnm-i-nbpw \In-b-Xv, a\p-jy\v Ahchsc Xncn--dn-bm\pw
{km-hns\ Xncn--dn-bm-\pw Pohn-X-eyw Xncn--dnv kzKw ChnsS ]Wn-bm-\p-amWv.
Nnm-tijn D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-m {`mam-cmWv (apPvcnwI) ]nim-Nns IqsS \c-In-tev t]mIp--Xv. B \cIw Ah Cl-n km-Zn-Xp-am-Wv (Ben-Cw-dm: 182
hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). \msf Ccw {`mamtcmSv "\n- A[n-I-t]-scbpw ]nimNv
]mn-em-n-bn-cn-p-p-h-tm, Atm \n _pn-bp-]-tbm-Knv Nnn-p--h-cm-bn-cpn-tbm' Fv tNmZn-p- cwKw bmko: 62- ap-dn-bnv \In-bn-p-v. _Jd: 44,
An-km-Av: 118 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Ah-c-h-cpsS hgn-tI-Sn\v ]nim-Nn-s\bpw Ips-Sp-m km[np-Ibnsv ]nimNv Xs \msf ]d-bp cwKw C_vdmlow: 22-
ap-dn-bnv \In-bn-p-v. kzX-{-cmbn krn--s a\p-jy\v (GXv PmXn aX--\m
bm-epw_-Jd: 62 t\mpI) DS-a-bp-ambn _-sv Ftmgpw Ahs\ Jp-B\ns
Bi-bw-sImv lrZ-b-n kqn-v (_-Jd: 152 t\mpI) Ncn-p--h-cm-bm Ahs
{]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmhp-Xm-Wv. Ah-cp-S-ta `b-s-Smt\m ZpxJn-mt\m CS-h-cn-I-bn-. (_Jd:
38 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). Ccw Imcy--sfmw DWp Jp-B-\ns lrZ-bns `mj-bn-ep BibtmSv BcmtWm Ah-K-W\bn Pohn--Xv, Ahsmcp
]nim-Nns\ (Pn-p-Iq-pIm-c-s\) G]n-p-sIm-Sp-p--Xpw, Ah Ah-cpsS {]h-\-
JpB\ns Bmhv
528
-sfmw Ae-m-c-am-n-sm-Sp-p--Xp-am-Wv.
GXp-Im-epw, thZ-{Kw Inn-bnv AXv ]n]-m-Xn-cn-p-I-bpw aqSn-shv a\p-jysc

AXn \nv XS-bpIbpw sNp \ntj-[n-I-fpsS {]h-\--, Ahv icn-bmbpw
`wKnbmbpw ImWn-p-sIm-Sp-m\p Ignhv ]nim-Nn\v sImSp-n-p-sv C-kvdm-Av: 64
]d-n-p-v. Hcp P\X Ah-cpsS {]h-\- kzbw ammsX Amlp Ahsc ampI-bn-sv dAvZv: 11, A^m: 53 kq--fn ]d-n-p-v. Ghpw henb A\p{Klw
Inn-bnv (Am-lphn-s\bpw ]nim-Nn-s\bpw thXn-cn--dn-bm-\pw, `qan AXns kp-e-\n \ne-\nm-\p-ap D]-I-c-W-amb Jp-B-\ns Bibw_Jd: 185, ABw: 104
t\mpI) kzbw D]-tbm-Kn-m-Xn-cn-p-I-bpw ap--hv \Im-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNbvXm
ap--h-cpsS inIqSn hln-t-n-h-cp-sav ABw: 26- ]d-n-p-v. Jp-B\ns apn hn\o-X-cm-Ip--Xn-\p-thn BZy-n Amlp ma-hpw hn]pw \Ipsa-pw, Fm AXn\nv ]mTw ]Tn-msX lrZ-b
- In-p-t]m-bhmWv ]nimNv
Ah-cpsS {]h-\- Ae-m-c-am-n-sm-SppI Fpw ABw: 42-43 ]d-n-p
v. ABw: 53-, A{]-Imcw \mw Ah-cn Nnesc Nne-v (kamK-wsImpw k-psIm-pw) ]co--Wamnshn-cn-pp. \psS CS-bn Amlp A\p-{K-ln-
h Cq--cmtWm Fv \ntj-[n-I tNmZn-p--Xn\pthn. Fv? Xs Zmkamcn
\n {]I- S n- n- p- - h Bcm- s Wv Ah- t c- msfmw Adn- b p- - h - Amlp
Xsbtbm? Fv tNmZn-p-p-v (ABw: 54-57 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI). samw
temI-n\v shfnw \Ip Jp-B GsX-nepw P\X aqSn-sh-pI-bm-sW-n,
AXns\ aqSnshmsX aphv Fn-p-sIm-Sp-p Hcp P\-Xsb Gnp-sav
ABw: 89- Amlp ]d-n-p-v. An-km-Av: 133 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
lJmb Jp-B sImmWv \msf hn[n Xocp-am-\n-p-I-sbv kpa: 69,75 ]dn-p-v. AAvdm^v: 89, hn[n-Zn-hkw lJn-\mWv Xqw e`n-p-I-sbpw, Ilv^v:
104105, Jp-B aqSn-sh--h-cpsS {]h-\- ]mgm-bn-tm-sb-pw, Ahv Xpemkn Xq-ap-m-hp-I-bn-spw ]d-n-p-v. (_Jd: 186 hni-Zo-I-cWw Iqn-hm-bn-pI).
Atm Jp-B-\p-]-tbm-Knv Cl-nshpXs Hmtcm--cp-cpw Ah-chcpsS {]h\- Xqn-t\mn hnNm-cW \S-t--Xm-Wv (liv: 18, ^mXzn: 18, kpa: 7, CkvdmAv: 13-15, ABw: 164, \_-Av: 27-28 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I_Jd: 94-95 hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mpI).
(_Jd: 38,120121,256,285-286, Ben-Cw-dm: 55, 138, An-km-Av: 78,87,136,157-159,174-175 hniZo-I-cWw t\mpI).
(Am-lp-th, \o \ns ASn-a-In-S-bn Ah `nn-n-p hnj-b-n Xocpam\w Iev ] n- p- p. Rsf \o \ns thp- I - t bmSp IqSn Ghpw sNmmb
amKntev Jp-B\ns BibwsImv amK-Zi\w sNt-W-ta.
49.
{]hm-N-Im, Amlp Ah-X-cn-n-XpsImv \o Ahn-S-bn hn[n\Sp-I. Ah-cpsS Cm-\n-jvS- \o ]n]-p-I-bp-a-cp-Xv. Cq-, Amlp
\nntev Ah-X-cn-nv Xn-p Nne-Xn \ns \mi-fne-I-s-Spn
hyXn-N-en-n-p--Xns\smv {]tXyIw Pm{KX]men-p-Ibpw sNp-I.
Atm C\n-b-h ]nn-cnp t]mhp-I-bm-sW-n \o Adn-n-cn-p-I,
\nbw AhcpsS Nne- ]m-]
- f
- psS ê-w Ahsc _m[n-nm\mWv Amlp
AamCZ (5)
529
DtinpXv. \nbw P\--fn-e-[n-I-t]cpw [nmcn-I Xs-bm-Ipp.

Ckvdm-Av: 73-75 kq--fn Amlp ]d-bpp: Ahv km[n-p-am-bn-cp-sn, \mw \n\v Znhy-k-tiambn \In-bXn \p-sS-ta AX-m-Xv sIn--av
]d- b n- nv \ns \mi- n- e - I - s - S p- m {ian- p- I - X s sNp- a m- b n- c p- p.
As\bmbm Ah \ns B-an-{X-ambn sXsc-s-Sp-pam-bn-cp-p. \ns \mw
Dd-n-p-\nn-bn-n-m-bn-cp-s-n \o A]kz]w Ah-cn-tev NmbpIXs sNpam-bn-cp-p. As\bmbm \mw \ns Cl-n Cc-n-in--bpw, ac-W-tijw Cc-ninbpw cpNn-n-pIXs sNpw. ]ns \p-sS-ta \o Hcp klm-bn-sbbpw Fnp-I-bp-an-. {Kw Inn-bnv aqSn-sh-p--h Xs-bmWv a\p-jy-n-im-Np--fpw ISp-[n-m-cn-Ifpamb I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I. Ah Ah-cpsS hnNm-cW Chn-sS-shpXs \Sn-b-hcpw, \c-I-s-smv a- ssI-sm-phcpw hn[n-Zn-hkw hnNm-c-W-bn-msX
\c-I-ns ASn--n t]mIp--h-cp-am-Wv. _Jd: 37,99,145,174-176, An-km-Av: 88,145
50. Atm Ah (Jp-B\ns hn[nhne-p-I kzoI-cn-mh) Pm-lnenm hn[n-hn-e-p-I-fmtWm At\z-jn-p--Xv? ZrV-t_m-[y-ap P\-X-v
Ghpw \-hn[n \Ip--h Am-lp-hn-t\-m ]ns- am-cpv.
Cu Jp-B samw a\p-jyv Dm-gv-N-Zm-b-Ihpw ZrV-t_m-[y-ap P\-Xv
AXv kamKhpw Imcp-Wy-hp-am-sWv Pmknb: 20 ]d-np-v (AAvdm^v: 157,
^pkzn-ev: 33-34, kpa: 17-18,5559 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Alv-km_v: 72, Amlp JpB-\m-Ip Aam-\v BIm-i-`q-an-IfpsS t\scbpw ]-XfpsS t\scbpw shp-\o-nb-tm AXv kzoI-cn-m Ah hnk--Xn-p-I-bpw AXns\ hln-p--Xn IpWvTn-Xs-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Fm a\p-jy AXv h-ln-p, \nbw Ah A{I-an-bpw Pmlnep-am-bn-cp-p (A-hn-th-In-bp-am-bn-cp-p) Fp-]-d-n-pv. AYhm Jp-B- Inn-bnv
AX\p-k-cnv hn[n-Iev]n-m--h Ahn-th-In-I-fpw B{I-an-I-fpw ^mkn-JpIfpw PohnXw
\s-h
- cpamWv Fv kmcw. _Jd: 177, Ben-Cw-dm: 103, An-km-Av: 78,82,87 t\mpI.
51.
Hm hnizm-kn-I-tf, \n blq-Zn-I-sf-bpw \km-dm-sfbpw Ban{Xfmbn sXsc-s-Sp--cp-Xv. Ah ]c-kv]-cw an{X--fm-Ip-p. \n-fnem-sc-nepw Ahsc an{X--fmbn sXsc-s-Sp-m, Atm \nbw
Ah Ah-cns]--h-\mbn. Ccw A{I-an-I-fm-sbmcp P\-Xsb \nbw,
Amlp kamKn-tev \bn-p-IbnXs.
_Jd: 111-113 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Cv thZw Jp-B-\m-bXpsImv thZ-{K-n `nnpt]mbn-p apkvenfpsS CS-bn-ep hnh[ kwL-S-\-mcmb Im^ndp-I-sf-bpw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-sfbpw an{X--fmbn kzoI-cn--cp-sX-pw, Ahsc A\p-k-cn-cp-sX-pw, Ah-tcmSv Jp-BsImv A[n-I-cn PnlmZv sN--W-sa-p-amWv Amlphns Iev]-\. ABw: 144, Jkkv: 50, AlvJm-^v: 10 Fn-hbpw "\nbw Amlp
A{I-an-I-fmb Hcp P\-Xsb Hcn-epw kamK-n-tem-p-I-bn' F Bi-b-n
Ah-km-\n-p kq--fmWv. Cu kqn PqXcpw ss{IkvX-hcpw ]c-kv]cw
530
JpB\ns Bmhv
klm-bn-Ifpw an{X-f
- p-am-sWpw, Xu_: 71-, hnizm-kn-If
- mb ]pcp-jamcpw kv{XoIfpw
]c-kv]cw an{X-fpw klm-bn-I-fp-am-sWpw, A^m: 73-, kXy-\n-tj-[n-I ]ckv]cw an{X-fpw klm-bn-I-fp-am-sWpw ]d-n-p-v. Fm Xu_: 67-, I]-S-hnizm-kn-I-fmb ]pcp-jamcpw kv{XoIfpw Htc-hn-`m-K-n s]-h-cm-sWmWv ]d-n-p-Xv, ]c-kv]cw klm-bn-I-fm-sWv ]d-n-n. _Jd: 137,159161, Ben-Cw-dm: 2832,77, An-km-Av: 135139,144147 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
52.
X-fpsS lrZ-b--fn Im]-Sy-am-Ip tcmK-aph Ah-cp-sS-bn-S-bn

HmSn\S-p--Xm-bn \n\v ImWmw, "\s h hn]pw _m[n-p-sav
R `b- s - S p- p'F- h ]d- b p- XmWv . Amlp \nv
\nmbIamb hnPbw \Ip-Itbm As-n Ah-\n\np atsX-nepw Iev]\ \IpItbm sNp-I-bm-sW-n, Atm-f-h Ah-cpsS
a\-n Hfn-n-pshn-cp Im]-Sy-ns t]cn Dn tJZnp-h
- cmbn
amdpXm-Wv.
aZo-\-bnse I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I PqXcpsSbpw ss{IkvX-h-cp-sSbpw CS-bn klmbhpwtXSn HmSn\S-n-cp-p. Fm hnizm-kn-Iv h-t\-hpw e`n-p-I-bm-sW-n,
Atm hnizm-kn-I-fpsS IqsSbmbn-tm Fv IcpXn Ah kzbw tJZn-pIbpw
sNbvXn-cp-p (Alvkm-_v: 60-61 t\mpI). liv: 11 Amlp ]d-bpp: \ns {i
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fn-tev Xncn-n-stbm, Ah thZ-m-cn\np \ntj-[n-I-fmb
(_\q\fo PqX-tKm-{X-m) Ah-cpsS ktlm-Z-c--tfmSv ]d-bp-p: \nsf \mn\nv
]pd-mp-I-bm-sW-n, Rfpw \n-tfm-sSmw ]pd-s-Sp--Xm-Wv; \n-fpsS Imcyn R asm-cm-sfbpw Hcn-epw A\p-k-cn-p-I-bn-. \n-tfm-S-h (hn-izm-knI) bpw sNbvXm R \nsf klm-bn-pIXs sNpw. liv: 13 B
I]-Sh
- n-izm-kn-If
- psS s\n Am-lp-hn-t\-m hnizm-kn-Is
- f-bmWv Ghpw `b-sapw,
AX-h Pohn-X-eyw {Kln-m-smcp P\-X-bm-bXv sImm-sWpw ]d-bp-p. (_Jd:
99, Ben-Cw-dm: 119, An-km-Av: 73,89-91,141, amCZ: 31,41 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I).
53.
Atcw hnizm-kn-I tNmZn-p-Ibpw sNpw: \nbw R \n-tfmsSm--am-sW {]Xn-I nco-I-cn-p--Xn\pthn Am-lp-hn

BW-bnv ]dncph Cq--cmtWm? Ah-cpsS {]h-\--sfmw
]mgmbn-tm-bn. Atmfh PohnXw \s--h-cn B]-Xn-p-Ibpw
sNbvXp.
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I hnizm-kn-I-fpsS Iq-n-em-sWv hcp-n-om Am-lphn BW-bnv kXywsNbvXp ]d-n-cp-p. Fm _\q-\-fo tKm{X-msc \mSp-IS-n-bXp t]mep k`--fn I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-v hnizm-kn-I-fpsSIqsS tNcm
Ign-bm--Xn-epw, km-n-I-t\---fn ]p-sIm-m km[n-m--Xnepw Ah AXnbmb Zp:Jw {]I-Sn-n-n-cp-p. Acw kw`-h--fn-eqsS hnizm-k-nIv I]-S-hn-izm-knIsf Amlp thXn-cnv ImWnpsImSpp. I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS {]h-\--sfmw
]mgmbntmbn F-mWv ]d-bp--Xv (ap\m-^n-Jq: 13 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Ccw Im^ndp-I-fpsS {]m-\-I hgn-tI-Sn-e-m-sX-b Fv d-AvZv: 14-epw, apAvan: 50epw ]dnp-v. Xu_: 75-77, I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fn Nne, Amlp Ahs HuZmcyw (k--v)
AamCZ (5)
531
Rv \Ip-I-bm-sW-n \n-b-am-bnpw R Jp-Bs\ kXy-s-Sp-p--h

cpw, AXn\nv kZJ \Ip--h-cpw k-\--fn Ds-Sp-h-cp-amIpsav BWbnv ]d-bp--h-cpv. Fm Amlp Ahs HuZm-cy-n\nv (k--n\nvAdn-hn\nv) \In-bm, Ah-cXm AXns\ aqSn-sh-p-Ibpw ]nipv ImWnp-Ibpw
AXns\ Ah-K-Wn-p-sImv ]nn-cn-p-t]m-hp-Ibpw sNp-p. Atm Amlp
Ah-cpsS lrZ-b--fn Ahs\ Ip-ap-p\mfp-hsc Im]Syw Ipn-\n-d-n-cn-p-p--Fs-m Ah Ah-\p-ambn sNbvX hmKvZw ewLn--Xp-sIm-pw, \pW-]-d-Xv
sImp-am-W-Xv Fp-]-d-n-p-v. bYm s]cp-m Ad-^-bpsS ]nt-Zn-hkw
BsWv Adn-npw `qcn-]--nsqsS bYm s]cp-m Znh-k-ns ]ntZn-hkw s]cp-m sImp\S-p Cm-es I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS nXnbpw CXv
Xs-bm-sWv Jp-B _kzm-Cdpw ^pJm-\p-ambn D]-tbm-K-s-S-n-bm a\-n-emhpw. (Xu_: 67,73,95,121-125 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 67,121,186,189, Ben-Cw-dm: 7377,120,
An-km-Av: 73,136-140 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
54.
Hm hnizm-kn-I-tf, \n-fn-em-sc-n-epw Ahs Zo\n\nvv ]pd-pt]mIpp- s h- n, Atm Amlp Hcp P\- X sb sImp- h cpwA- h
Ahscbpw, Ah Ah-s\bpw C-s-Sp-I-bpw, hnizm-kn-I-fpsSta hn\bn-epw, \ntj-[n-I-fpsSta {]Xm]nepw s]cp-am-dp--h-cpw, Am-lphns amK-n PnlmZv sNp--h-cpw, bmsXmcmt-]-Itbpw Bt]s `b-s-Sm--h-cp-amWh. AXv Am-lp-hns HuZm-cy-am-Ip-p, Ah\ptinp--hv AXv \Ip-p. Amlp hnim-e-\mb k-m-\nXsb-tm.
^X-lv: 29 apl-Zv Am-lp-hns ZqX-\m-Ip-p, Atl-tm-sSm--ap--h (hnizm-kn-I) I]-S-hn-izm-kn-ItfmSv ITn\ lrZ-bcpw [mjvTy-ap--hcpw, hnizmkn-InS-bn ]c-kv]cw Imcp-Wy-n hn-p--h-cp-am-sWv ]d-n-p-v. Xu_: 73-epw, Xlvcow: 9epw \_nsb hnfnv Amlp Iev]npp: Ip^v^m-dp-I-tfmSpw ap\m-^nJp-I-tfm-Spw PnlmZv sNpI, Ah-tcmSv ]cpj-ambn s]cp-am-dp-I, Ah-cpsS ktXw \c-IIp-WvTam-Ip-p--F-{X-tam-i-s aS---ew (apl--Zv: 1,89,38 t\mp-I). hnizm-kn-I
Am-lp-hns\ {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-p--h-cpw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I ]nim-Nns\ {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cnp--h-cp-am-Wv (apPm-Zne: 19-22 t\mp-I). ^pJm: 52 hnizm-kn-ItfmSv Amlp
Iev]n-p-p: Jp-B aqSn-sh-p I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Isf A\p-k-cn-cp-Xv, Ah-tcmSv Cu
Jp-BsImv A[n-I-cn PnlmZv \S-p-I (Alvkm-_v: 1,48 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Im^n
Bcm-sWv a\-n-em-m _Jd: 165,254, B-en-Cw-dm: 10,19,74,85, An-km-Av: 6970, 132133 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
55. \n-bw \n-fpsS kwc--I, Am-lphpw Ahs ZqX-\p-w \a-kvImcw
\ne-\np-I-bpw kImv \Ip-Ibpw sNp Xmgva-bp hnizm-kn-Ifp-am-Ip-p.
56. Bsc-nepw Am-lp-hn-s\bpw Ahs ZqX-s\-bpw hnizm-kn-I-sfbpw
Ban{X-ambn sXc-s-Sp-p-pthm, Atm \nbw Am-lp-hns
JpB\ns Bmhv
532
kwLw Xs-bmWv AXn-Pbn-p-I.
BZw apX Ay-\mhsc Hcp-kwLwA-m-lphpw dkq-epw hnizm-kn-Ifpw

DsAm-lphns kwL-am-Wv. asm kwL-S-\-Ifpw ]nim-Nns kwL-fm-Wv
(apPm-Zne: 19-22 t\mp-I). ap\m-^n-Jq: 8 Amlp ]d-bp-p: Am-lp-hn\pw Ahs
ZqX\pw hnizm-kn-IpamWv {]Xm-]-ap--Xv, Fm I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Iv AXdn-bp-I
bn-. _Jd: 45-46,257, Ben-Cw-dm: 18, An-km-Av: 35,59,136139 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-pI.
57.
Hm hnizm-kn-It- f, \npapv thZw \I-s-h

- cn\np, \nfpsS
Zo\ns\ ]cn-lm-khpw hnt\m-Zh
- p-ambn kzoI-cn-hs
- c-bpw, Ip^v^mdp-Is
- fbpw
\n kwc-I
- cpw an{X-f
- p-ambn kzoI-cn-c
- pXv. \n Am-lphns\
lrZ-b-n kqn-p-Ibpw sNp-hn\n hnizm-kn-Ifm-sW-n.
58.
\n Ahsc \a-kvIm-c-ntev hnfn-m, Ah AXns\ Ifn-bm-pI-bpw ]cnl-kn-p-Ibpw sNpp. \nbw AXv Ahscmcp Nnnm
P\XbmbXv sImm-Ip-p.
Pohn-X-e-y-w \-sv Pohn-Xs Ifnbpw Xam-i-bp-ambn sXsc-s-Sp, apv

thZw \I-shsc-bpw \ntj-[-n-\p-ta \ntj[w ssIsIm-p Ip^v^m-dp-I-fmb
I]Shnizm-kn-I-sfbpw hnizm-kn-Iv kplr-p--fpw kwc--I-cpw t\Xm--fpambn
sXc-s-Sp-m ]mSn-s-mWv Cu kqhpw ]Tn-n-p-X
- v. Cu Zp\n-bmhnse PohnXw
Ifnbpw Xam-ibpamsX asm-p-a
- , Fm \nbw ]c-tem-I`- h
- \
- a
- m-Is, AhnsSbmWv
bYm Pohn-XwAh Adn-hp--h-cm-bn-cp-s-n Fv AI-_q-v: 64 ]d-bpp.
AAvdm^v: 50-51, \c-I-hm-kn-I kzK-hm-kn-ItfmSv "Rv Hcnv shw, Asn \nv \In-bn-p `-W-hn-`-h--fn\nv Aw Xcptam'sbp tNmZnp-tm kzKhm-kn-I adp-]Sn ]d-bpw: "\nbw Amlp X-fpsS Pohn-Xs
Ifnbpw Xam-i-bp-ambn sXsc-s-Sp Im^n-dp-IfpsSta Ahcpw \njn--am-n-bncn-p-p' Fv. Atm hnizm-kn-I Jp-B\ns Bi-bwsImv Fm-bvtmgpw
Am-lp-hns\ kvacn-p--h-cpw Pohn-X-eyw kmm-XvI-cn-p- hn[-n kwkm-cnp-I-bpw {]hn-p-Ibpw sNp-h-cp-amWv. Hcp \nanjwt]mepw Ah shdpsX
]mgmnf-bp-I-bn-. Am-cn-bm-v: 55 \o Jp-B\ns BibwsImv DWpI,
Atm \nbw hnizm-kn-IXv D]-Im-c-s-SpIXs- sN-pw. 56- Rm Pnp-Isfbpw a\p-jy-scbpw F\n-p-thn am{Xw Pohn-m-\-msX krjvSn-n-t-bn-. 57
Rm Ah-cn\nv `-W-hn-`-h- (D-t]-n-) Dt-in-p-n-, Ahscs `nn--W-sapw Rm Dt-in-p-n Fpw ]dnp-v. Am-lp-hns {]Xn-\n-[n-Ifmbn Pohn-m-\mWv a\p-jysc `qan-bntev \ntbm-Kn-n-p--Xv. Fm hnizm-kn-I
am{Xta Cu Pohn-X-eyw a\-n-emn {]hn-p-I-bp-q. kzKhpw \c-I-hp-samw
Hmtcm-cp-cpw ChnsS ]Wn-tb--Xm-Wv. (^mnl: 4, _Jd: 201202 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mpI).
\_n-bpsS Ime-p-m-bn-cp PpXmcpw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fp-ambncp \ntj-[nI
_mp- h nfntIptm AXns\ ]c- n l- k n- p- I bpw, _mns hmp- I
sIm\wImn \mhp-sImv hf-sm-Snv ]d-bp-Ibpw sNbvXncpXns\bmWv, \a-kvImc-
AamCZ (5)
533
ntev hnfn-m, Ah AXns\ Ifn-bm-p-Ib

- pw ]cnl-kn-p-Ibpw sNpp Fp]dXv. Cv Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-b-n kvacnm-sX `n-{]-I-Sn-n-p-sImpw Ae-km-cmbpw \a-kvI-cn-p--h I]-S-hn-izm-kn-IfmWv (A-n-km-Av: 142-144 Iqn-hm-bn-pI).
Fm Cv hnizm-kn-If
- psS Camapw Pam-A
- p-an-m-XpsImv, ]n-Ifn t]mIm
hnizm-kn-Isf Cu I]-Sam ]cn-l-kn-p-I-bmWv sNp-Xv. bYm-n-e-h Nnbn-msmcp P\-X-bm-b-Xp-sIm-m-W-Xv. Cm-e-p thZ-m apkvensfbpw AhcpsS \a-kvIm-c-s-bpw, apl-Zv \_n-sb-bpw Jp-B-\ns\bpw shdp-p-I-bpw ]cn-l-knp-Ibpw sNp-p-s-n AXns in bYm Zo\ns\ ]n]-m apkven-fpw
Am-lp-hns Zo\ns\ h{Io-I-cnv {]bm-k-ap--Xmn amnb I]-S-hn-izm-k-nIfpamWv
hln-t-n-hcnI. ImcWw Ah-cpsS \a-kvImcw AI-_q-v: 45 ]d--Xp-t]mse
\oNhpw \njn-hp-amb {]hrnIsfsmv XS-bp-n-. Jp-B\ns Bi-b-an-mXpsImv AhcpsS \a-kvImcw Bm-hv ]s-Sp-m icocwsImv am{X-ap Hcp
tIm{]-m-n--fn-bm-bn-mWv apaX- ImWp--Xv. bmko: 62, \n-fn A[n-I-t]scbpw ssim hgn-]n-g-n-tm, Atm \n Nnn-p--h-cm-bn-cp-nt Fv
]c-tem-I-p-shv tNmZn-p- cwKw ap-dn-bnv \In-bn-p-v. apIv: 10, R
Jp-B\ns Bibw tIp-hcpw As-n _pn-bp-]-tbm-Knv Nnn-p--h-cp-ambn-cp-s-n R Cu In-bm-fp \c-I-ns kl-hm-kn-I-fm-Ip-am-bn-cp-n-tm
Fv Im^n-dp-I Bh-em-Xn-s-Sp cwKw ap-dn-bnv \In-bnpv (A^m: 35
Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 6-7,44,91, Ben-Cw-dm: 102, An-km-Av: 59,135, hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
59.
\_ntb Ah-tcmSv tNmZn-p-I: Hm thZmtc, \nbw R Am-lphn-s\-sm-pw R-fntev Cd--sXp-sImpw Rpapv Cd-sXp-sImpw hniz-kn-p FXpw, \n-bw \n-fn A[n-I-t]cpw
sXmSn-I Xs-bm-Ip-p F-Xp-a-msX RfpsS-ta {]Xn-Im-c-n\v
\nv as-s-nepw Imc-W-aptm?
Cv thZw Jp-B am{X-am-Wv. Atm Cv CtX tNmZy-amWv hnizm-kn-Iv

Jp-Bs\bpw Am-lp-hn-s\bpw Ah-KW
- nv Pohn-p apkven-tfmSv tNmZn-m\pXv.
_pdqPv: 89, InS-p-Iodn hnd-Ip-\n-dv Xobnv AXn hnizm-kn-I-sf Icn-p-Xv t\mn
\n-hscpdnv, hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv Ah-c-s\ {]Xn-Imcw sNbvX-Xn\v, Ah AP-\pw
kzbw kvXpXyl-\pw BIm-i-`q-an-I-fpsS B[n-]Xyap-h\p-amb Amlp-hn hnizknp-sh--m asmcp Imc-W-hp-an-s-v ]d-bp-p. Npcp--n FmImepw hnizmkn-Iv kzP\-X-bn\nv Xs-bmWv FXnp-I t\cn-tS-n-h-cnI. aq\m-^n-Jq:
4, I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I Am-lp-hn-sbpw hnizm-kn-I-fpsSbpw i{Xp--fm-sW-pw, Ahsc
kqn--W-sapw ]d-n-p-v (_-Jd: 99 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). AXp-sIm-mWv hnizm-knI-tfmSpw \_n-tbmSpw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-tfmSpw Ip^v^m-dp-I-tfmSpw Jp-BsImv A[nI-cn Pnlm-Zv sN--W-sapw (Xu_: 73, ^pJm: 52 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I) hnizm-kn-IfpsS
kwL-tmSv An-km-Av: 91, Xu_: 123, Alvkm-_v: 61 kq--fn-eqsS \n-fpsS CSbn-ep I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Isf h[n--W-sapw Amlp Iev]n-n-p--Xv. C\n Am-lphns {]Xn-\n-[n-bmb Hcp hnizm-knt]mep-an-msX temIP\X apgp-h ]nim-Nns {]Xn\n-[n-I-fmb sXm-Sn-Ifpw A{I-an-I-fp-w [nm-cn-I-fpambn amdp-tm-gmWv temIw Ah-km-
534
JpB\ns Bmhv
\n-p-I. _Jd: 26 27, amCZ: 49, ABw: 47 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.

60.
\_ntb tNmZn-pI: Am-lp-hn-s-b-Sp- CXn-t\-m Zpjn {]Xnêw BmWv e`n-p-Isbv Rm \nv hnhcw ]dpXc-tbm
Bsc-bmtWm Amlp i]n-Xv, BcpsS taen-emtWm Ahs tIm]w
hjn- - X v , Bcns]- h scbmtWm Amlp Ipc- p- I - f pw ]n- I fpamnbXv, BcmtWm XmKq-n\pthn Pohn--Xv Aq--cmWv Ghpw
Xn-tb-dnb m\-p-hcpw t\sc-sNm-s-bp bYm amK-n\nv
-]n-g--h-cpw.
\_n (k) bpsS apn-ep PqXam-tcmSv tNmZn-m ]d-bpI-bm-Wv: Am-lp-hn

epw Ah-\n\nv AhX-cn-n-n-p thZnepw hniz-knpsh-Xns t]cnemtWm
\n hnizm-kn-Ifmb R-tfmSv i{Xp-X-bpw {]Xn-Im-chpw ImWnp--Xv? \n-fn
A[n-I-t]cpw ISpw[nm-cn-I-fmb sXmSnI-fp-am-Wv. Atm \n-fpsS ]q-]n-Xm-fn Am-lp-hns im]hpw tIm]hpw hjn, [nm-c-n-sbpw [mjvSy-n-sbpw
ê-ambn Ipc-p-Ifpw ]n-Ifp-amn ]cn-hn-n, XmKq-n\pthn Pohn-pt]mbh
mWv AXn-tesd Xn-tb-dnb ]cn-WnXnbpXv. Am-lp-hns hn[n-hn-e-p-I
[nm-c-]qw Xn--dp i\n-bmgvN \mfns\ [n-cnv ao ]nSn--hsc Ipc-amcmn ]cn-hn-n Imcyw _Jd: 26, 65-66 hni-Zo-I-cWn t\mp-I (AAvdm^v:
166 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). amCZ: 114 {]Imcw R-fn\np BZy\pw Ay\pw Hcp s]cpm-fmbnsmpw, \nn\np Hcp ZrjvSm-ambnsmpw R-v \o BImi-p-\nsmcp `-W--fn-I-bn-d-n-bmepw Fv Cukm\_n {]mn--tm, Amlp
`-W--fn-I-bn-d-p-I-bpw AXn\nv \membncn]cw Bfp-I `n-p-I-bpmbn. amC-Z: 115, Amlp ]d-bp-p: \nbw Rm \n-fp-sS-ta AXn-d-pw, Fm
\n-fn-em-sc-nepw B `-W--fn-I-bn\nv `nXn\p-tijw \ntj-[n-I-fm-hp-Ibm-sW-n, Ahs\ Rm \nbw temIcn Bscbpw inn-nnm insImv
inn-p-IXs sNpw. As\ amC-Zb
- n \nv `Ww Ign PqXam-cn \np
Nne, CXv BIm-i-p-\n-n-d-n-bXv Xs-bm-tWm-sbv kwi-bnp-I-bpw, Am-lphns Zrm-s \ntj[n-p-Ibpw sNbvX-tm Amlp Ahsc ]n-I-fmn amn.
Cu kq-n am{X-amWv CkvdmCu k-Xn-I-fn \nphsc ]n-Ifmn amnb
Imcyw ]d-n-p--Xv.Fm Cv Jp-B hf-sm-Sn-p-I-bpw, aqSn-sh-p-Ibpw sNp I]-S-hn-izmkn-I-sf-bmWp Amlp AAvdm^v: 176 D]-{Z-hn-m-epw Cs-nepw amwhcm sNe-n-tbm-Sv D-]-an-n-cn-p--Xv. PpapA: 5 Ahsc Igp-X-tbm-Spw PqX-tcmSpw D]-an-p-Ibpw, A{I-an-I-fmb Cu P\-Xsb C\n Amlp kamK-n-tev \bn-p-I-bn-spw
]d-n-p-v. Ah i]n--sh-cpw, tIm]n--s--h-cp-am-sW-pw, Ahv \_n (k)
s]mdp--ens\ tXSn-bmepw Cs-nepw Amlp s]mdpp sImSp-p-I-bn-spw, Ccw
sXm-Sn-I-fmb [nm-cn-Isf C\n kamKn-tev \bn-p-I-bn-spw _Jd: 6,
Xu_: 80, ap\m-^n-Jq: 6 XpS-nb kq--fn ]d-n-p-v. Jp-B aqSn-sh-p-Ibpw, AXns\ Idp--hn-ev hnv hb \nd-p--h-cp-amb Ch X-fpsS hb-dp-I-fn
XobmWv \nd-p--sXpw, hn[n-Zn-hkw Amlp Ahsc t\mp-I-tbm Ah-tcmSv kwkm-
AamCZ (5)
535
cn-p-Itbm, Ahsc kwkvI-cn-p-I-tbmbnspw _Jd: 174-176 ]d-n-p-v. Cq hnNm-c-W-bn-msX \c-I-ns ASn--n t]mIp-sav An-km-Av: 145 ]d-np-v. Ch \c-I-n ]p\Po-hn-n--sSpI ]n-, \mb-, Ipc-v, I-gp-X, s]cpmgn
XpS-nb `qan-bnse shdp-sSp Poh-Pm-e--fpsS ico-c-tmSpIqSn(apJw Ah-cptSXv
Xsbmbncn-pw)bm-bn-cn-pw. _Jd: 159-161, Ben-Cw-dm: 7879,90-91, An-km-Av:
47,91 t\mp-I.
Am-lp-hns hnfnv Dcw \ImsX Ahs Imcy-n Xn-p--hcptm, Ah-cpsS hmZw Ah-cpsS \mYs ASp- hne-tm-hm--Xm-Wv. Ah-cp-sStaemWv Am-lp-hns tIm]-ap-Xv, Ahv AXn-IT
- n-\a
- mb in-bp-ap-v Fv Aqd:
16- ]d-n-p-v. Am-lp-hn\pthn Ahs {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmbn Pohn-mhscmw
XmKq-n\p thn Pohn-p ]nim-Nns {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fm-Wv (_Jd: 257, An-km-Av:
4852 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). BZw apX Ay-\mhsc Hcp kwLw (Hcp hgnam{Xw) kzK-n-te-p--Xm-Wv. _mn-bp Fm hgn-Ifpw kwL-fpw kwL-S-\-Ifpsamw ]nim-Nns kwL-hpw \c-I-n-te-p--h-cp-am-Wv. Fm Hmtcm Bbn-cnepw
Hv kzK-n-tepw sXmmbn-cn sXmq-n-sbm-Xv \c-I-n-te-p-am-sWv \_n
(k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. ^mnl: 67, An-km-Av: 118 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
61.
\n-fpsS ASpphcp-tm Ah ]d-bpw: R hniz-kn-n-cn-p-p.

Ah \ntj-[hpwsImv {]th-in-p-Ib
- pw, \ntj-[t- m-Sp-IqSns ]pdp-t]m-hp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-p-p. Ah ad-p-sh-p--sXmw Am-lpGhpw Adn-bp--h- XsbmIp-p.
aZo-\b
- nse PqXam-cp-sSbpw Fm-Im-e
- p I]-Sh
- n-izm-kn-If
- psSbpw Cu kz`mhw
Jp-B-\n ]e- --fnepw Nn{Xo-I-cn-n-p-v (_Jd: 620,79, An-km-Av: 141145 kq-fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). kqd: apl-Zv: 16-, B I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fns]Nne \ns {inptIp--h-cp-v. Fm \ns-b-Sp-\nv ]pd-p-t]m-bm
Adn-hp--h-tcmSv Ahv a\-n-em-Im--h-sc-tmse tNmZn-p--XmWv: Ctm-
FmWv B ]d-Xv? Aq--cpsS lrZ-b--fn-taemWv Amlp ap{Z-sh-n-p--Xv.
Ah Ah-cpsS Cm-\n-- ]n]-p--h-cp-am-Ipp. 17-, BcmtWm kamK-amIp Jp-B D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-n-b-Xv, Ahv Ah-cpsS kamKw hn-n-p-sIm-Spp--Xpw, Ahv `b-`n \Ip--Xp-amWv Fpw ]d-n-p-v (_-Jd: 38, A^m:
24 t\mp-I). I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS Ccw kz`m-h--fn s]Sm-Xn-cn-p--Xn-\p-thn
A^m: 21- hnizm-kn-Isf hnfnv Amlp ]d-bpp: \n Am-lp-hn-s\bpw
Ahs ZqXs\bpw A\p-k-cn-p-I, \n {]hm-N-Is kwkmcw tIp-sIm-n-cns
]nn-cnv t]mIm-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-I, \n tImsX (a-\-n-em-Im-sX) tIp
Fv ]-d-bp--h-cm-Im-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNpI. Cs I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I Amlp lrZb-fpsS Ah--b-dn-bp--h-\m-Wv F Jp-B kq-n hniz-kn-m--hw BfpIsf t_m[n-n-p--Xn-\p-thn `n {]I-Sn-n-p--h-cpw, lrZbw]s-Sp-msX
icocwsImv \a-kvImcw, t\mv XpS-nb I--sfmw sImp\S-p--h-cp-am-bn-cn
pw. AAvdm^v: 204205 kq--fpsS Iev]-\-sbmpw Ah ]men-p-I-bn-.
Xu_: 124-125, Jp-B-\n\np Hcp kqd-v C-d--s-m I]-S-hn-izm-kn-
536
JpB\ns Bmhv
I tNmZn-pw: \n-fn BmWv CXp-sImv hnizmkw hn-Xv? hnizm-kn-Iv

AXp-sImv hnizmkw hn-p-Ibpw Ah-c-Xn ktm-jn-p--Xp-am-Wv. X-fpsS
lrZ-b--fn tcmK-ap I]-S-hn-izm-kn-IXv amen-\y-n-\p-ta amen-\y-amWv hnn-p-I. Ah \ntj-[n-I-fmbnsmv acWw hcn-p-Ibpw sNp--XmWv Fpw,
127, Hcp kqdv hni-Zo-I-cn-p kZ-n Ib-dn--nb I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I ]c-kv]cw
t\mp-Ib
- pw, hnizm-kn-If
- ns] Bsc-nepw Ahsc ImWp-ptm Fp-t\mn ]ns
Bcp-a-dn-bmsX kZ-n\nv ]nn-cn-p-t]m-Ip--Xm-Wv. Ah ey-t_m[w \s P\-X-bm-b-Xp-sIm-mWv Amlp Ah-cpsS lrZ-b-sf ]nn-cn-n-p--Xv Fpw
]d-n-cn-p-p (Xu_: 63-65 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 93, An-kmAv: 46, amCZ: 19,4142
62.
Ah- c n- e - [ n- I - t ]scbpw, Ip- I c- h pw i{Xp- X m]- c - h p- a mb Imcy- - f n

HmSn-\-S-p--hcpw \njnw Xnp--h-cp-ambn \o ImWp-XmWv. AhcpsS
{]h-\--sfmw hfsc Zpjn-XpXs.
A-p-lvv F-Xn\v \njnw (l-dmw) FmWv Aw sImSp-n-pXv. Amlphpw dkqepw \njn--ambn Iev]n-n-p--hbmWv ldm-an DsSp-I (amCZ: 3 t\mpI). CXn-\p-]p-dsa, Am-lphpw dkqepw ]Tn-n--Xn\v hncp--amb BNm-cm-\p-jvTm-\ ]pXp-Xmbn Dmn AXn\npw hnln-Xw- ]n Xnp-Xn-\mWv "kplvv'
Fp-]-d-bp-I. \-_n-bpsS Ime-p PqX-m-cpsS Cu kz`mhw Cv I]-S-hn-izm-knIv am{XamWv D-Xv. amCZ: 2,8 kq-fn ]d \nti-v hncp--ambn
Xu_: 67 ]d kz`m-h-m-cm-bn-cnpw Ah. Ah P\--fn ]pXnb ]pXnb
A-hnizm-k-fpw A\m-Nm-c--fpw hgn Pohn-X-`mcw Ib-n-sh-p-hcpw P\--fpsS
hnizmkw NqjWw sNbvXv \njnw Xnp--h-cp-am-Wv. I--S-v ]qgvn-sh-v, ]eni, Icn--, Ipg-Ww, ab-p-a-cpv IhSw, Af-hnepw Xq-nepw Ir{Xnaw ImWn XpS-nb \njn--amb amK--fn-eqsSsbmw ]Ww t\SpI-bpw, Acw amKn-eqsS ]Ww t\Sn-b-hcn\nv Hcp hnlnXw kzoI-cn-p-sImv Ah-\p-Iq-e-amb
hn[n\IpI-bpw, Ahp-thn Pm-Sbmbn {]mnp-Ibpw sNbvXv \njnw Xnp-h-cm-W-h. Ckvem-an-enm kv{Xo[\w hmm t{]mm-ln-n-p-I-bpw, Ckveman\v ]cn-N-b-an-m "\nmln\v' hmNIw sNmn-sm-Spv AXn\nsmcp hnlnXw
kzoI-cnv \njnw Xnp--hcpam-W-h. bmko: 70mw kq-n\v hncp--ambn acn-hv Jp-B HmXn-sm-Sppw XJo sNmn-sm-Spv ]Ww hmnbpw hbdn Xo \ndp--h-cmWv Ah. acn--h-pth-n Pohn-n-cn-p--hv C\n sNm-\pXv aqv, Fv, \mev]-Xv, Bv Fo \mfp-I-fn aueqZpw bmko-\p-w HmXn {]mn-em-sWv km[m-cW P\-sf sXn--cn-nv hbdv \nd-p--h-cmWv Ah. A\m-Y-ime-I-fpsS t]cn ]ncn-hp-\-Sn Io-j kzoI-cnv \njn-wXnv An-km-Av: 10mw
kq-a-\p-k-cnv X-fp-sSbpw IpSpw-_mw-K--fp-sSbpw hb-dpI-fn Xo \nd-p--h-cpamW-h. _Jd: 174mw kq-a-\p-k-cnv Jp-B\ns Bi-b-a-dn-nv aqSn-sh-p-I-bpw,
Jp-B\ns Bibw P\-sf ]Tn-n-msX Camav \nv hmS-I-]n hb-dp-I-fn Xo
\nd-p--h-cpam-W-h.
Npcp--n Ah-cpsS {]h-\--sfmw Ip-I-c-hpw hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv i{Xp-Xm-
AamCZ (5)
537
]-c-hp-am-bn-cn-pw. ^pn-e-v: 26-28 ]d Am-lp-hns i{Xp--fmb ChsXnsc Ah-cpsS sXmen-I-fpw tIhn-I-fpw ImgvN-Ifpw kmywhlnp-sav ^pn-ev:
19-24 ]dn-p-v. Ccw ap\m-^n-Jp-Iv \c-I-s-smv Fv a-bmWpsXv _Jd: 175- Amlp tNmZn-p-p. Aq: 25-26, kzK-hm-kn-I ]c-kv]cw
\n F-s\-bmWv kzK-n-se-n-t-sXv At\z-jn-p-tm Ah ]d-bp-XmWv: \nbw, apv sFln-I-tem-Iv R-fpsS IpSpw-_mw-K--fpsS Imcy-n,
Ahsc \njnw Xon-bm B icocw \c-I-n Icn-tb-n-h-cp-atm Fv {]bm-ks-Sp--h-cm-bn-cpp R Fp-]-d-n-p-v. _Jd: 177,188, Ben-Cw-dm: 92, Ankm-Av: 5051, amCZ: 42 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
63.
Ah-cpsS ]WvUn-Xmcpw ]ptcm-ln-Xamcpw Ip-Ic

- a
- mb hmp-Is
- f-smpw
\njnw Xnp--Xns\smpw A-hsc hntcm-[n-n-cp-s-n! Ah
DXv]mZnn-psIm-n-cnp-Xv hfsc Zpjn-XpXs.
amCZ: 44 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. kq-n ]d "dm-\n-pI 'sImptinpXv, PqX-m-cnse thZ-]c

- n-m-\n-Isfbpw {]am-Wn-am-scbp-am-Wv. "Alv_m-dp-I'sImpt-in-p-Xv, Ah-cnse I-imkv{X ]WvUn-X-m-sc-bp-am-Wv. Xu_: 34- ]d
"dplv_m-\n-I' ss{IkvX-h-cnse ]ptcm-ln-X-m-cm-Wv. Ckveman Cu aqv hn`m-K-
fp-an-. ]Icw Am-lp-hns\ `b-s-Sp-I-bpw, Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-a-dn-bpIbpw AXv ]Tnn-pIbpw sNp De-am- (]WvUn-X-m) am{X-am-WpXv. ]WvUXnam \_namcpsS A\--cm-h-Im-in-I-fm-Wv Fv \_n (k) ]d-n-p-Xv Ah-sc-p-dn-mWv.
Fm ]nmev, PqX--ss{I-kvX-hsc NmWn\v NmWmbpw apg-n\v apg-ambpw ]n]nb apkvenfpw "]WvUnX ]ptcm-ln-X-m-sc' sXsc-s-Sp-p. Ah-cpsS ]WvUn-Xm BIm-i-n\v Xmsg-bp Poh-Pm-e--fnshv Ghpw \nIr--cm-bn-cn-pw Fv
\_n (k) ZoL-Zi\w sNbvXXv Ccw ]WvUn-Xmsc-p-dn-mWv. An-km-Av: 59
Iqn-hm-bn-p-I.
thZ-]-cn-m-\n-I-fmb dm-\n-I-fp-sS-bpw I-imkv{X ]WvUn-Xam-cmb Alv_mdp-I-fp-sSbpw _m[y-X-bmbncpp P\- No-hm-p-I ]d-bp--Xpw, \njnw XnpXpw XS-bpI FXv. Fm Xu_: 34 hnizm-kn-Isf hnfnv Amlp ]d-bp-p:
\nbw, Cu ]WvUn-X-]p-tcm-ln-Xamcn A[n-I-t]cpw P\--fpsS [\w Ahn-ln-Xambn Xnp-I-bpw, Ahsc Am-lp-hns amK-n\nv (Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n\nv)
XS-bpIbpw sNpw (kq--n hnizm-kn-Isf hnfn-mWv CXv ]d-n-p-Xv F-Xn\m Cv apkven-fnse ]WvUn-X- ]ptcm-ln-X-mv am{Xta CXv _m[-I-am-hp-I-bpq). Atm Ccw ]WvUn-X-]p-tcm-ln-Xamsc t\Xm--fmbn kzoI-cn-pIbpw,
Ahsc Xon-tm-pIbpw sNp--h hnizm-kn-I-fm-hp-I-bn-. am{X-a ^mnl: 7,
"\o tIm]n--s--h-cpsS Iq-ns]-Sp--cp-sX'v ]d-bp-tm Ccw ]WvUn-X-]ptcm-ln-Xam-sc-bmWv a\-n IcptX--Xv. "hgn-]n-g--h-cpsS amK-n-ep-am'sbv
]d-bp-tm Cu ]WvUn-X-]p-tcm-ln-Xamsc AwKo-I-cn-p A\p-bm-bn-I-fnepw Rsf
Ds]Sp--cptX Fm-bn-cn-Ww a\-n Icp-tX--Xv. Ah-cpsS {]h-\-fpw,
Ah ChnsS ]nKm-an-Iv hntpt]mIp ss]Xr-I-fpw (kw-kvIm-cw) hfsc
Zpjn--Xpw, \c-I-n-tev Am-lp-hns krn-Isf ASp-n-p hn[-n-ep--Xp-amWv
538
JpB\ns Bmhv
FmWv Ah DXv]m-Zn-n-v sIm-n-cn-p-Xv F{X \nIrjvSw Fp-]d

-
X
- ns hnh.
hnizm-kn-I kzKn-tev Am-lp-hns krn-Isf ASpn-p PohnX kwkvImc-amWv DXv]m-Zn-n-p-I. _Jd: 166-167,261, An-km-Av: 29,85 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
64.
Am-lp-hns ssII _ns-n-cn-p-p Fv PqXam ]d-bp-p,

Fm _ns-n-cn-p-Xv Ah-cpsS ssII-fm-Ip-p. Ccw kwkmc-ns t]cn Ah i]n--s-Sp-I-bpw sNbvXn-cn-p-p. Am-lp-hns
Ccp ssII-tfm hfsc hnim-e-amIp-p. Ah Fn[w Cn-p-pthm
An[w sNehv sNp-p. \ns \mY-\n\nv \n\v Ah-X-cn-n--s
hN-\- Ah-cn-e-[n-I-t]-cp-sSbpw [nm-c-hpw kXy-\n-tj-[hpw hn-npIXs sNpw. \mw Ah-cpsS CS-bn Ay-\mhsc i{Xp-X-bpw
hntcm-[hpw Cp-sIm-Sp-n-cn-p-p. Ah bp-ns Xo In-p-tm
sgmw Amlp AXv DuXn-s-Sp-p-p. Ah `qan-bn \miw hnXm
HmSn-\-S-p-I-bm-Ip-p. Am-lp \mi-Im-cn-Isf C-s-SpIbnXs.
amCZ: 14 hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mp-I. Ad_n `mj-bn ssI _n-s
- -SpI FXn\v
ep_v[-\m-hp-IsbmWv Aw. Ckvdm-Av: 29, \ns ssI ]nc-Sn-bn sI-cp-Xv,
AXv ]q-ambn \op-I-bp-a-cp-Xv. A-s\-bm-bm Bt-]n--s--h-\pw Zp:JnX-\pambn \o Ccp-p-t]m-Ip-sav ]d-n-p-v. ChnsS ]nipv ImWn--cp-sX-pw, [qmbn
sNe-h-gn--cp-sX-p-amWv Bi-bw. ^pJm: 67, ]c-am-Im-cp-Wn-Is CZm-kam
sNe-h-gn-p-tm [q-Sn-p-I-tbm, ]nip-p-ImWnp-Itbm C-s-pw, Ah cns-bp-an-S-bnep anX-amK-amWv kzoI-cn-pI- Fpw ]d-n-p-v. aZo\-bn- \qm-pI-fmbn ssZ\y-X-bn-epw ]cm-[o-\-X-bnepw Ign-p-Iq-Sn-bn-cp PqXam, X-fpsS ]q{]-Xm]w hos-Sp-m bmsXmcp km[y-Xbpw In-cp-n-. ]pXnb {]hm-N-I-\m-h-s,
Ckvam-Cu ]c--c-bn \nmWv hn-p--Xv. B {]hm-N-I\v Ah-X-cn-n-n-p
{Kw kzoI-cn-m Ah Iqm-n-bXpan. Ah-cpsS a\n-ep hntZz-jhpw kXy-\ntj-[hpw ]pd-p-Nm-SpXv "Amlp ep_v[-\m-bn-cn-p-p, Ahs JP-\mhv AS-p-]q-s-n-cn-p-p, hn]-p-I-fpw hn\m-i-fpa-msX asmpw Rp-X-cm Ahs
hiw Ctmfn' Fn-s\bp hmp-I-fn-eq-sS-bm-Wv.
blq-Zn-IfpsS Cu kz`m-hw, Cv hnizm-kn-I-f-m apkvenfn-emWv Ghpw
IqSp-X ImWp--Xv. Am-lp-hns ]mi-amb Jp-B D]-tbm-K-s-Spn {]uV-cm-IpXn\p-]-Icw Ah kzbw \nyX sXc-s-Sp-n-cn-pIbm-Wv. h B]pw t\cnSp- t m AXn\nv ]mTw ]Tnv kzbw \mbnocp- - X n\p]Icw Am- l phns\pdnv iImc hmp-If
- pw Ipp-hm-p-Ifpw ]d-bp-IbmWv Ah sNp-X
- .v Fm
Amlphns cp-ssI-Ifpw hfsc hnim-e-am-Ip-p. Ckvdm-Av: 30 Amlp ]d-bpp: \nbw \ns dv Ah-\pt-in-p--hv `-W-hn-`-h- [mcmfambn \IpIbpw, Ah-\pt-in-p--hv Npcpn \Ip-Ibpw sNp-p. \n-bw, A-h Ahs
Zmkam-cpsS n-Xn-KXnI-sfmw t\cs \n-bnv tcJ-s-Sp-n-bn-p-Xpw, AhcpsS {]h-\
- hon-p-sIm-n-cn-p-h
- \
- p-at- m. bmko: 74 Ah-cpsS krjvSnns\ ad-p-sImv Ah-cXm \apv D]a Na-p-p-sh-pw, Alv: 74 \n
Am-lp-hn\v D]a Na--cp-Xv, \nbw Amlp Adn-bp-p, \ntfm Adn-hn-m--hcpam-
AamCZ (5)
539
Ipp Fpw ]d-bp-p. AYhm krjvSn-I-fpsS kz`m-h-sampw {kjvSm-hn\v Na--cpsXv Iev]n-p-p. Alv: 71 Amlp ]d-bp-p: Amlp \n-fn Nnesc
Nne-tc-m `-W-hn-`-h--fn t{i-cm-n-bn-cn-p-p. Atm \n-fpsS A[o-\n-ep tPmen-m-c\v, \n cp-t]cpw Hcp-t]mse hn`-h--fn ka-am-Ip--Xn-\pthn \nfpsS hn`-h- \onsmSp-ptam? AXpsImv \n Amlp Ahs
A\p-{K-l- hoXn-p--Xn-emtWm Xn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-Xv! (Alv: 75-76,83
Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Alv: 96 Amlp ]d-bp-p: \nfpsS ]-ep-Xv Xopt]m-Ip--Xm-Wv, Fm Am-lp-hns ]-ep-Xv Xop-t]m-Im--Xpw, nc-am-bnp--Xp-am-Ip-p. am-ep-v (]-c-tem-I-p {]Xn-^-e-n-\p-thn Imn-cn-p-hv) Ah-cpsS Ghpw \ -{]hrn t\mn {]Xn-êw \Ip--Xm-Wv (Alv:
97 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Ghpw \ -{]-hrn Jp-B\ns Bibw ]Tn-p-I-bpw ]Tn-npIbpam-sW-pw, Ghpw Zpjn {]hrn, Jp-B Bibw ]Tn-m {ian-msX
Jp-B HmXp-I-hgn hnn\nv Av sXdn-p thK-n Zo\n\nv sXdn-p-t]mIpsav \_n (k) ]Tn-nXv ]cn-K-Wn-msX Jp-B\ns icocw Xn-epam-Wv. Ah
^mPn-dp-I-fm-Wv. \nbw ^mPn-dp-I \c-I-n Xs-bm-Wv (C^n-Xm: 14).
PqXam-cpsS CS-bn \mw i{Xp-X-bpw hntZzjhpw Cp-sIm-Spv Fp-]-d-Xv
Cv apkven-fpsS CS-bnemWv ImWp--sXv Jp-B Xpem-kmbn D]-tbm-Kn-p-hv a\-n-em-m-hp--Xm-Wv. Cv samw temIv kam-[m-\hpw sFIyhpw m]np--Xn-\p-th-n-bp D]Ic-W-amb Jp-B\ns Bibw aqSn-sh-Xv sImm-W-Xv.
Cv apkvenn-S-bn-ep AI-bpw i{Xp-Xbpw asmcp P\-X-bnepw ImWp-I-bnsb--XmWv hmkvX-hw. Cv PqXam-cpsS ssII-fm-epw, ssl-h-cpsS ssII-fm-epsamw ASn--a-s-Sp hn`m-K-ambn apkven A[:]Xn-n-cn-p-p. Ah-cpsS
{]m-\-I kzoI-cn--s-Sp-n-, Ah-cpsS \a-kvIm-c-pw t\mn-\p-samw ]ngbm-bnp "Plw' e`n-p-sav ^pJm: 65-66 ]d-n-p-v. hKo-b-X-bp-sS-bpw
csmcn-n-en-sbpw Xo\m-p-I In-p-Xv Cv temI-s-hn-sSbpw apkvenfm-sWv ImWmw. Xu_: 32 Amlp ]d-bp-p: Cu I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I Ah-cpsS
hmb-sImv Am-lp-hns {]Imiw DuXnsSpp-hm {ian-p-p, Fm Amlp
Ahs {]Imiw ]qo-bm-m-Xn-cn-p-I-bn-, AXv kXy-\n-tj-[n-I-fmb Im^n-dp-Iv
F{X CjvS-an-m Imcy-am-sW-nepw icn (Xu_: 33 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). CtX Bibap
kqw kz^v-^v: 8epw Bhn-n-p-v. hnizm-kn-IfpsS {]m\: R-fpsS \mYm,
R-fpsS {]Imiw (Jp-B-\ns Bi-bw) \o Rp ]qn-bm-n--c-Ww, RfpsS ]m]- Rv \o s]mdppXc-Ww, \nbw \o Fm-Im-cy-n\pw Ignhp ki-\tm, Fmbncnp-sav Alvcow: 8 ]d-n-p-v (An-kmAv: 174 hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww Iqn-hmbnp-I). Cv Fm-Xn-I
- f
- nepw apgp-In-bn-cn-p-Xv apkvenfm-Wv. `qansb AXns kp-e-\-n \ne-\nm-\p GI D]-I-c-W-amb Jp-B
Ah D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p-n-, ap--hv D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-m \Ip-p-an- (ABw: 26 t\mp-I). Ah-scmcp sI kap-Zm-b-am-bncpp Fv \msf alm-m- Amlp-hns apn A\ymbw t_m[n-n-p cwKw ^pJm: 17-18 kq-fn ap-dnbnv \In-bn-p-v. (^pJm: 30 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). ^pJm: 52 {]Imcw Jp-BsImv
Ccw Im^ndp-ItfmSv A[n-I-cn PnlmZv sNm hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv Amlp Iev]n-n
p-v. (_-Jd: 1011,109,113,121,245,268, Ben-Cw-dm: 181, An-km-Av: 3738,42,91 hni-Zo-I-
JpB\ns Bmhv
540
cWw t\mpI
65.
(Cu [nm-c-n\p]Icw) thZ-m hnizmkw ssIsIm-p-I-bpw Amlp-hns\ lrZ-b-n kqn-p-sImv Ncn-p-IbpamsW-n Xobmbpw \mw Ah-cpsS Xn-I ambvp-I-f-bp-I-bpw, Ahsc A\p-{K-l-kq-amb kzKq-tm-p-I-fn {]th-in-n-p-Ibpw sNpambn-cp-p.
66.
Ah Xudm-pw Co-epw XfpsS DS-a-bmb \mY-\n\nv Ahv

Cd--s--Xpw \ne-\n-en-bn-cp-p-sh-n, AhcpsS aosX\npw AhcpsS Imep-I-Sn-bn\npw Ah Blmcw `nn-sSp-h
XsbmIp-am-bn-cp-p. Ah-cn Ipd-m-fp-I anXXzw ]menv t\h-gnbnepv. Fm Ah-cn-e-[n-I-t]cpw {]hn-p-Xv F{X- No-!
Xudmpw Coepw X-fpsS \mY-\n\nv Cd--s--Xpw (Jp-B-\pw) \ne\np-I-sbp ]d-Xns hnh-, H thZ-{Kamb Jp-B-\ns Bibn
{km-hns\ Xncn--dn-bp-I-bpw, Ah-c-hsc Xncn--dn-bp-I-bpw, Pohn-X-eyw a\-n-em-pI-bpw Jp-B-\ns hn[n-hn-e-p-I ]n]-p-I-bpw sNpI Fm-Wv. Jp-B-\ns
Iev]\
- I
- Iev]n-p-Ib
- pw, Jp-B\
- ns hntcm-[
- hntcm-[n-p-Ibpw, AXns t]cn
DmIp {]Xn-I-c-W- an-p-Ibpw sN-emWv ey-km-mI-c-W-n-s-bpw,
sscy-n-sbpw amKsav epJvam: 17 ]d-n-p-v (epJvam: 32 Iqn-hm-bn-p
I). ^mXzn: 32- Amlp ]d-bpp: ]ns \psS ASn-a-Ifn\nv \mw sXscs-Sphv {Kw A\--cm-h-Im-i-ambn \Ip-I-bp-m-bn. Atm Ah-cn
kz-tmSv A{Iaw ImWn-h
-- -cpv (CS-Xp-]--m_-eZv: 19), Ah-cn anXXzw ]menp--h-cp-ap-v (he-Xp-]--m_eZv: 18), Ah-cn Am-lp-hns A\p-{K-l-tm-SpIqSn \-bn-tev apI-S-p--h-cp-apv (km-_n-Jo--Xu_: 100). AXv Xs-bmWv
hn HuZm-cyw (Ahm-JnA: 711 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). AAvdm^v: 96 Amlp ]d-bp
p: \mnse \nhmkn-I hniz-kn-p-I-bpw Jp-B\ns Bibw ]n]-p-I-bp-am-sWn \mw Ahv BIm-i--fp-sSbpw `qan-bp-sSbpw A\p-{K-l- IhmS Xpd-p-sImSp-pIXs sNp-am-bn-cp-p. Fm Ah Jp-B\ns\ X-n-d-bp-I-bpw If-hm-pIbpw sNbvX-Xn-\m Ah km-Zn--Xns t]cn \mw Ahsc ]nSn-IqSn inn-p.
(A-Bw: 42-47, AAvdm^v: 94-95 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). a\p-jy-cpsS Icw- sIm-mWv `qan
\in-n-s
- -Sp-I (Adqw: 41). Cv thZ-{K-a
- mb Jp-B aqSn-shv Pmln-enm kwkvImc-n kpJ-tem-ep-]am-cmbn Bm-Znp Ign-bp- apkven-sf-tmse Fm a\pjycpw
BIp-tm-gmWv temIw Ah-km-\n-p--Xv (AAvdm^v: 169-170 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _J-d:
25,213, amCZ: 51,59 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
67.
Hm {]hm-NIm, \ns DS-a-bmb \mY-\n\nv \n\-h-X-cn-n-s-Xv \o

a\p- j ys- nv sImSp- p- I . A{]Imcw sNbv X ns- n \o
Amlphns ktiw (Iv) Fn-p-sIm-Sp-h-\m-bn-cnpIbn. a\pjy-cpsS D]-{Z--h-fn\nv \ns cn-p-hm-\mbn AmlpXs aXn.
\nbw, kXy-a-dnp aqSn-sh-p- Hcp P\-Xsb Amlp kamKntev \bn-p-I-bnXs.
AamCZ (5)
541
dkqens-taep _m[yX Fn-p-sIm-Sp--em-Wv, hnNm-cW \S- Am-lphns _m[y-Xb

- m-Wv. dkq ({]hm-NI
- ) Fp-]d
-
m, {kmhv Xr]vXn-s PohnXw
a\p-jyn-S-bn Pohnv ImWn-p-sIm-Sp-m Amlp a\p-jy-cn\nv Xs sXscs-Spv \ntbm-Kn-p- hynbmWv. Fm dkq-ep-ampw Amlp Fn-p-sIm-Spm \Inb ktiw (I-v), H-thZ {K-amb Jp-B-\ns Bi-bpw Xsbm-Wv
(_Jd: 2,213 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI). AAvdm^v: 62, \qlv \_n (A) Xs P\-XtbmSv Rm Fs dns ktiw (F-gp-v) \nv FnpXp, Rm \nv KpW-Imwn-bp-am-Wv, Rm \n-f-dn-bm-Xv Am-lp-hn\nv Adnbp--h-\p-amsWv ]d-n-p--v. AAvdm^v: 68, lqZv \_n BZv kap-Zm-b-tmSv, Rm Fs
dns ktiw \ns-npXp, Rm \nv hniz--\mb KpW-Imw-nbp-am-sWp ]d-n-p-v. kzmenlv \_nsb YaqZv kap-Zm-bntev \ntbm-Kn-p-Ibpw, Ahv Zrm--ambn HIw \Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp. B H-Is [nmc-]qw
Ah Adp--tm aqv Znh-k-n\ptijw A-h \in-n--s-p. AAvdm^v: 79,
As\ Ah-cpsS Ah-in-jvS--fn\nv ]nn-cnpt]mIp-tm kzmenlv \_n a\n ]d-bp-Ib
- mWv, Hm Fs P\-ta, Rm \nv Fs dns Iv FnpXp,
Rm \n-tfmSv KpW-Imw-bp--h-\p-am-bn-cp-p. Fm \n KpW-Imw-n-I-sf
CjvS-s-Sp--h-cm-bn- Fp]d-n-p-v. 93, ipsF_v \_n, \in-n--s aZvb
hmkn-I-fn\nv ]nn-cnpt]mIp-tm a\-n ]d-bp-I-bm-Wv: Hm Fs P\ta,
Rm \nss dns ktiw FnpXp, Rm \n-tfmSv KpW-Imw-n-bpam-bn-cp-p, As-n Rms\-n\v \ntj-[n-I-fmb Hcp P\-X-bpsS ta Zp:Jn-Ww?
apl-Zv \_nsb \ntbm-Kn-Xv apX Ay-\m hsc-bp apgp-h krjvSn-Ipw
Amlp sImSp--b kt-i-amWv (I-m-Wv) samw Jp-B. AYhm Jp-B\ns
Bm-hmb AnIv (amCZ: 48 t\mp-I). AXv lrZbwsImv a\-n-em-m hfsc
Ffp--hpam-n-bn-cn-p-p. (Ja: 17- t\m-pI). Ay-\mhsc-bp a\p-jyv th
Fm Imcy-fpw JpB\n Amlp hni-Z-am-n-bn-p-v (Alv: 89 t\mpI).
Ay-\mhsc-bp apgp-h krn-Ipw dkq-em-bnv Amlp \ntbm-Kn-n-p-Xv
apl-Zv \_n (k) sbbm-Wv. Fm-eXv AwKo-I-cn-p--h Jp-B ]n]n Pohnp hnizm-kn-I am{X-am-Wv. \_n-bpsS PohnXw\S-w, Ccp-w, InS-w, kz`m-hsamwJp-B-\m-bn-cp-p. Alvkm-_v: 13 kqfn Amlp \_nsb hnfnp ]dbp-p: Hm \_ntb, Am-lp-hns\ kqn-p-I, kXy-\n-tj-[n-I-sfbpw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Isfbpw \o A\p-k-cn-cpXv. \ns dn-\nv \n\v Znhy-k-t-i-ambn Inn-bn-p
Jp-B ]n]-p-Ibpw Am-lp-hn `c-tan-p-Ibpw sNp-I, `c-tan-m-\pw Imcy t\mm\pw AmlpXs ]q-ambn aXn-bm-b-h-\m-sWv d-n-p-v (Alvkm_v: 48 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Alvkm-_v: 39, apl-Zv DssS Fm \_n-amcpw Am-lphns ktiw Fn-p-sImSpp--hcmsW-pw, Am-lp-hns\ `b-s-Sp--h-cm-sWpw,
Am-lp-hns\bmsX asm-cm-sfbpw `b-s-Sm--h-cm-sW-pw, hnNm-cW \S-m
AmlpXs Ghpw aXn-bm-b-h-\m-sWpw ]d-n-p-v. 40 aplZv \n-fn
Hcp ]pcp-j-sbpw ]nXm-h-s-pw, Fm Am-lp-hns dkq-epw \_n-am-cn Ay\p-am-sWpw ]d-n-p-v. AYhm apl--Zn\ptijw C\n-sbm-cp -\-_n-tbm dkqtem
hcm-\n-. Cukm \_nsb Amlp sImphcp-Xv I]-S-hn-izmkn-I-fm If-hm-s apl- Zv \_nsb An- b m- A v : 107 ]cm- a in- n- p- - X p- t ]mse temIv
JpB\ns Bmhv
542
(Aapkvenv) Imcp-Wy-hm-\mbn ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-m-\m-Wv.
cWw t\mp-I.
_Jd: 136,285 hni-Zo-I-
Am-lp-hns ktiw P\-v Fn-p-sIm-Sp-p-tm P\--fn\nv D]{Z-h-ap-m-Ip-sapw, AXn\nv cn-m AmlpXs aXn-sb-p-amWv ]d-bp-Xv.
lnPv: 9596 kq-fn, Am-lp-hn-t\m-sSmw ap Cem-lp-Isf shp]pep--hcpsS ]cn-lmkssmv Imh tXSm \mwXs aXn-sbv ]d-n-p-v. (CkvdmAv: 45-48, kpa: 4445 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Jp-B Inn-bnv aqSn-sh-p Im^n-dp-I
Cv apkvenfm-Wv (Im^n BcmsWv _Jd: 254, amCZ: 47 hni-Zo-Ic
- W
-
- n t\mp
I). Acw P\-Xsb C\n Amlp kamK-n-tev \bn-p-I-bn-, AXp-sImv
Jp-B sXmSm-, ImWm Bfp-I-fn-te-mWv hnizm-kn-I Jp-B\ns ktiw
Fn-m {ian-t--Xv. Am-lp-hns ktiw P\--fn-tev Fn-p-sIm-Sp-p-Xns\ "X_v-eoKv' Fp]d-bp-p. apl-Zv \_n lZo-kmb (A-n-km-Av: 78,87 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I) Jp-B\mbncpp Fn-p-sIm-Sp-n-cp--Xv. Fm Cs X_veoKp-Im Jp-B-\p-a-, AXns hni-Zo-I-c-W-amb (apl-Zv \_n-bpsS lZvb-bp-amb) \_nh-N-\-hp-a, adnv "alm-\-h--I-fp'sS Pohn-X-I-Y-I-fmWv Fn-p-sIm-Sp-p--Xv. Ah
a\p-jy-n-im-Np--fpw \c-I-n-tev hnfn-p--h-cp-am-Wv. apl-Zv \_n (k)sb h[nm thn am-apivcnp-I kt-fn--tm, \PvZn\nv hv AXn ]s-Sp
]nim-Nns thj-amW-hcptS-Xv.
bmko: 15, Hcp \mntev \ntbm-Kn-s
- aqv {]hm-NI
- am-tcmSpw B \mnse
P\X, \n R-sf-tm-se-bp a\p-jy-c-msX asm-p-a-, ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I Hpw
Cd-n-bn-n-, \n \pW-]-d-bp--h Xs-bm-sWv ]d--tm 16-17 kq-{]Imcw Ah adp-]Sn \In: RfpsS \mY-\-dn-bmw, \nbw R \n-fn-te--bs ZqXm Xs-bm-Wv. R-fp-sS-ta hy-ambn Fn-p-X-cn-I-b-msX asmcp
_m[y-X-bp-an-. (Ben-Cw-dm: 20, amCZ: 92, 99, lqZv: 57, C_vdm-low: 52, dAvZv: 40, \lv:
35, 82, Aq: 54, AI-_q-v: 18, Aqd: 48, A-Km-_p: 12, An-bm-Av: 106, AlvJm^v: 23,35, Pnv: 23,28 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). \nbw Amlp kXy-\n-tj-[n-I-fmb Hcp-P-\Xsb kamK-n-tev \bn-p-I-bn F Bi-b-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bmWv \lv: 107 Ahkm-\n-p--Xv. ^mnl: 7, _Jd: 67,166-167, Ben-Cw-dm: 10, amCZ: 51 t\mpI.
68.
\_ntb ]d-bp-I: Hm thZ-m-tc, \n-fpsS DS-a-bmb \mY-\n\nv

\nv Ah-Xcn-n-np Xudm-pw Coepw Jp-B\pw \ne-\npXphsc Hcn-epw \n Hcp {]am-W
- nepa (Hcp \-bn-ep-a
- ). \ns
\mY-\n\nv \n\v Ah-Xc
- n-n-s
- hN-\
- Ah-cn-e[
- n-It- ]-cp-sSbpw
[nm-c-hpw kXy-\n-tj-[hpw hn-n-pIXs sNpw. Atm kXya-dnp \ntj-[np P\-XbpsS-ta \o Zp:Jnt-Xn.
Cv thZw Jp-B am{X-am-Wv. Atm aZo-\-bn-ep PqXam-tcm-Sp Cu

A`n-kw-t_m-[\ Cv Jp-B\ns Bfp-I-fm-sWv Zpc`nam\n-p apkven-tfm-Sv am
{X-am-Wv. Ah-tcmSv Amlp ]d-bp-I-bm-Wv: Jp-B-\-n\p-k-cnv PohnXw Nn-s-Sp-p-Ibpw, AXv aqSn-sh-msX a\p-jyv Fn-p-sIm-Sp-p-Ibpw sNXphsc \nv
A`n-am-\n-m-t\m {]uV-cm-Im-t\m P\-sf \bn-p t\Xm-am-cm-Imt\m Hpw
AamCZ (5)
543
km[y-a-. adnv \nv Cl-n \ny-Xbpw im]-hpw tIm]-hpw ]c-n AXn-ITn-\-amb in-bp-am-Wp-Xv. _Jd: 6-7,39,99,113,159-161, Ben-Cw-dm: 72, amCZ: 6366
hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I.
69.
\n- b - w , apkvenw- I - f n\np hnizm- k n- I tfm PqX- amtcm

km_nCutfm \km- d m- tfm Bcm- I s Am- l p- h ns\smpw
AyZn\ssmpw hniz-kn-p-Ibpw kI- {]hn-p-Ibp-am-sW-n, Atm Ah-cpsS-ta `bsSmt\m Ahv Zp:Jnmt\m
CS-h-cn-I-bn-.
_Jd: 62 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. apkvenw thj-[m-cn-I-fmbXpsImv hnizm-kn-Ifm-hp-I-bn-. lpP-pdm-v: 14 ]d, hnizmkw lrZ-b-n {]th-in-m _Zp Ad_n-I-fpsS ({Km-ao-W-cmb Ad-_n-I-fp-sS) Ah--bn-emWv Ccw apkven. Ah
(_-Zp-) \_n-bpsS ASp-p-hv "R hnizm-kn-If
- m-Wv' Fp]-d
t- m: \n
hniz-kn-n-n-, hnizmkw \nfpsS lrZ-b-n-tev {]th-in-n-n-s-n-cns "\n
apkven-fm-Wv' Fv ]d-p-sIm-pI Fp-]-d-bm-\mWv Iev]n-n-p--Xv. hnizm-knbm-hmsX {]m-\-I kzoI-cn--s-Sp-I-bn-sv _Jd: 186 hni-Zo-I-c-W-n ]dn-p-v. apkvenw-I-fn\nv Xs-bmWv Im^n-dpw B{I-an-I-fpw apPvcnao--fpw [nmcn-I-fp-samw Dmhp--Xv. _Jd: 3839,121,254 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
70.
\nbw, Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-ItfmSv \mw ZrV-{]-Xn hmn-bn-p-mbn-cp-p, Ah-cn-tev \nch[n {]hm-N-Iamsc \mw Ab-p-Ibpw sNbvXnp-v. Fm Hmtcm {]mh-iyhpw {]hm-NI
- am Ah-cpsS Cm-\n-jvS
- v
hncp--am-bp kt-ihpw sImp-h--tm, Nne-sc-b-h I-f-hm-n Xn-dp, ap -Nn-escbh h[n-p-sImn-cnpIbpw sNpp.
Cv PqXam-cpsS Cu kz`mhw I]-Sh

- n-izm-kn-If
- mb apkvenm-Wp-X
- v. Ah
\_n-amsc P\-a-[y-n If-hmn Ah-X-cn-n-p-I-bpw, \_n-am-cn hniz-kn--h-cm-sWpw, \_n-am-cpsS Pohn-X-amWv \bn-p--sXpw Duw sImp-Ibpw sNp-I- hgn \_namsc sImmsX sImp--h-cm-Wv. "Kzmho-\mb' (e-y-t_m[w \-s-h) Ah-cnse
a\p-jy-n-im-Np-fmb t\Xm-- C\n hniz-kn-p-I-bn-sv bq\p-kv: 33 ]d-n-pv. Fm "Kzm^n-eo-'-({]--b-h)fmb apkvenw km[m-c-W-msc Jp-B\ns
BibwsImv kamKntev \bn-m km[n-t-pw. (bmko: 6,10-11, AAvdm^v:
179 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Jp-B sImp-Wn-bnpw DWcmsX A{i--cmbn hnl-cn-p
km[m-cW P\--sfbpw, Jp-B aqSn-sh-p ]WvUn-X-s\bpw AAvdm^v: 176 D]{Z-hn-mepw C-s-nepw amwhcm sN-e-n-tbmSmWv D]an-n-pXv (Ilv^v: 57,
lv: 10, ^pJm: 29, kpKvdp-^v: 36-38, Jm^v: 27-29, apPm-Zne: 19, liv: 16-17 Iqn-hmbn-p-I). _Jd: 80-81,8391, Ben-Cw-dm: 21-22,182 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
71.
(Ccw {]hrn aptJ-\) bmsXmcp Ipg-hpw Dm-hp-I-bn-sv Ah

IWpIqp-Ibpw sNbvXp. As-\-b-h A-cpw _[n-c-cp-am-bn-op.
]nsbpw Amlp AhcpsS ]m-m]w kzoI-cn-p. Fm ]nsbpw
Ah-cn-e-[n-I-t]cpw Acpw _[n-c-cp-am-bn-op. AmlphmI-s, Ah-
544
JpB\ns Bmhv
cpsS {]h\- kZm hon-psImncn-p--h-\m-Ip-p.
kq-n ]d- aZo-\-bn-ep-m-bn-cp PqXam-cpsS Ah- Cv A-Xbpw

_[n-c-X-bpw \Sn-p- I]-S-hn-izmkn-I-fmb apkven-mWp--Xv. Cv PqXam-
Ghpw IqSp-X m\n-Ifpw, temIss \nb-{n-p--hcpw, apkvenw \mSpIsftmepw \bn-p-h
- c
- p-am-Wv. temIw apgp-h\pw Ahsc AwKo-Ic
- n-p-sIm-n-cn-pIbpam-Wv. ako-lp--m PqXamcn \np--h\pw, amaZo-\-n-S-bn-ep lnPm-kv
HgnsI _mn temIw apgp-h ASn`cn-p--h\pambncn-pw. tijw Cukm \_n
hcn-I-bpw, ako-lp--m-en-s\-bpw H-ap ]S-bm-fn-I-fmb Fgp-]-Xn-\m-bncw PqXamscbpw h[n-p-I-bpw, temIw apgp-h Ckvem-anI `cWw \S-n-em-p-Ibpw sNpw. Av
hnizm-kn-I I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Isf h[n-psImv An-km-Av: 91, Xu_: 123, Alvkm-_v:
61 Fo kq--fpsS Iev]\-I \S-n-em-p--Xp-am-Wv. ^pJm: 73, ]c-a-Im-cpWn-Is C-Zm-kam X-fpsS \mYs kq Hman-n-m AXp-sIms
Acpw _[n-c-cp-ambn hogp-I-bn- Fp]d-n-p-v (A^m: 24, ^pn-e-v: 44
Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 67,18,171, An-km-Av: 91,158159 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
72.
\nbw, Amlp adn-b-ans ]p{X akolv Xs-bm-Ipp Fp]d-h Xo-bm-bpw \ntj[n-I-fmbn Ign-n-cn-p-p. Fm akolp ]d-Xv, Hm CkvdmCu k-Xn-I-tf, \n Fsbpw \n-fp-sSbpw DS-abmb Am-lp-hn-\p-thn am{Xw Pohn-p-h
- c
- m-Ip-hn FmIpp. Xobm-bnpw Bsc-nepw Am-lp-hns A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i--fn ap--hv
]p-sIm-Sp-m, Atm \nbw Ah-s-ta kzKw \njn--ampI
bpw, \cIw Ah\v ]mn-S-ambn \Ip--Xp-am-Ip-p. Ccw A{I-anIv bmsXmcp klm-bnbpw Dm-bn-cn-p-Xpa.
_Jd: 21,39,48,254, Ben-Cw-dm: 51, An-km-Av: 48,116118, amCZ: 17 hni-Zo-I-cWw

t\mp-I.
73.
\nbw Amlp aqhcn HcmfmsWp ]d--hcpw \ntj-[n-I-fmbn Ignn-cn-p-p. Fs-m, GI Cem-l-v AmsX asmcp Cemlpw C-Xs. Ah X-fpsS Ccw kwkm-c--fn \np hnc-an-nnsn,
Ah-cn \np \ntj-[n-Isf thZ-\m-P\
- I
- a
- mb in kv]inpI Xs
sNpXm-Ip-p.
^mnl: 4, _Jd: 133, Ben-Cw-dm: 19,5255,83-91, An-km-Av: 170173 kq-fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
74.
Atm-f-h Am-lp-hn-tep ]m--]np aS-p-I-bpw, Ah-t\mSp s]mdp-ens\ tXSp-Ibpw sNp-n-tbm?. AmlphmIs Gsd s]mdp-p-h-\pw, Imcp-Wy-a-cp-fp--h-\p-a-tm.
Jp-B\ns samw Bi-bw hmbnp Am-lp-hn-ep hnizmkw cq]-s]-Sp-p-Ibpw, Adn-hn-mbvasImv Ign Imep sNbvXpt]mb Ip- Ah-t\mSp Gp-]-d-
AamCZ (5)
545
bp-I-bpw, hIp-- hn-p-s-n AXn\p {]mb-nw \In tJZnp aS-pIbpamWv ASn-a-I sNt--sXp kpa: 53 ]d-n-p-v. tijw 54epw 55epw
Jp-B\ns Bibw Ghpw \-\n-ep ]n]--W-sapw ]d-n-p-v. acWw Bk-am-Ip ka-bp AXp \on-cm-t\m, ]m-X-]np aS-n-sIm-m-satm ]d-nv
Imcy-an-sv An-km-Av: 1718 kq-ns hni-Zo-I-c-W-n ]d-n-pv. Cp
Cu kqw A`n-kw-t_m-[\w sNp-Xp apkvenw-I-sfbm-Wv. Fm-enp apkvenw-I
"Amlv' F kvacW Xs ad--h-cpw, Am-lp-hns\ Dd-n-In-Snsmp Fm
Xn-I-fnepw ap]-n-bn-ep-am-sWp ImWmw. Fm-n\pw ImcWw Jp-B\ns\ Ah-KWn--Xm-Wv. Cp ssZhw aqn-sem-mWv As-n Cukm Xs-bmWv ssZhsap
hn-iz-kn-p ss{Ikv-Xhtc-m-fpw, _nw_m-cm-[I-sc-m-fp-samw Pon PohnXw \bnp-Xp apkvenw-I-fm-Wv. ImcWw Ah Am-lp-hns\bpw {]hm-N-I-s\bpw Jp-B\n aqSnshv I-im-kv{X--fn apgpIn ]WvUn-X ]p-tcm-ln-Xamsc dp-I-fmbn
kzoI-cn-n-cn-p-p. lZokv Fp-]d
-
m, Ahp JpB-\
- , adnp \_n-hN
- \amWv.
\_n-h-N-\-am-Is Jp-B-\ns hni-Zo-I-c-W-am-sWp Ah k-Xn-p-pan. Ah
I-imkv{X aZvl-_p-Isfbpw, kwL-S\m t\Xm--fmb a\p-jy-n-im-Np--sfbpw Camap-I-fmbn kzoI-cn-n-cn-p-p. Am-lp-hn-s\bpw dkq-en-s\bpw Ah AwKo-I-cn-p-n, Ah ]nim-Nns kwL-nsv apivcnp-I-fm-bnamdn-bn-cn-p-I-bm-Wv. ^mnl:
2, _Jd: 151,159-161, 174-176,186, 254, An-km-Av: 135-140 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
75.
adn-b-ans ]p{X akolv Hcp {]hm-N-I-\-msX am-cp-a-. At-l-n\p

apv [mcmfw {]hm-N-Iam Ign-p-t]m-bn-p-ap-v. At-l-ns amXmhv
kXy-k--bpambn-cpp. Ah cp-t]cpw Blmcw Ign-p-Ibpw sNbvXncp-p. t\mpI {]hm-N-Itc, \mw F-s\-bm-Wn-hp \psS kq hy-ambn hni-Zo-I-cnpsImSp-p--sXv. ]nsbpw t\mp-I,
Ah AXn \np Fn-s\-bmWv hyXn-N-enp t]mIp--sXv.
A-Bw: 46, \_ntb Ah-tcmSp tNmZn-p-I: \n-fpsS tIh-nbpw, ImgvNbpw

Amlp ]nSn-s-Sp-p-I-bpw, \n-fpsS lrZ-b-n\p aqSn-bn-Sp-I-bp-am-sW-n Am-lphns\ IqSmsX thsd GsXmcp Cem-lmWv \nXv sImphpXcnI. t\mpI
{]hm-N-I-tc, \mw \psS kq- F-s\-bmWv hni-Zo-I-cnp hy-amn sImSpp--Xpw, ]ns-b-h AXn \np ]nn-cnp t]mIp--Xpw. Ckvdm-Av: 4546, \o
Jp-B ]mcm-bWw sNptm, ]c-tem-I-n hnizknm-hpw \n\-p-an-Sbn ImWm Hcp ad \mw Dm-p--Xm-Wv. B Jp-B {Kln-m-Xn-cn-m \mw
Ah-cpsS lrZ-b-fn Hcp- aq-Sn-bpw, Ah-cpsS sNhn-I-fn Hc-S-p-an-n-cn-p-p. \o JpB-\n \ns GI-\mb dns\ am{Xw Hman-n-m Ah \ntj[w \pc-p-s]mn
]nncnp ]pd-tImp t]mIp--XmWv. 47mw kq-n, \o Ahsc tIn-ptm Ah FmWp tIp--sXv \app Xs icn-p-a-dn-bmw. Cu A{I-an-I
cl-ky-kw-`m-j-W-n \n-sfmcp amcWw ]nSn-s] ]pcp-j-s\-b-msX ]n]-p-nsbp \nspdnv ]d-bp-tmgpw \apv icnpw Ah-sc-p-dn--dn-bmw. 48mw kqn t\mpI {]hm-N-I-tc, Ah \n\v F-s\-sbm-s-bmWv D]-a- N-ap--sXv,
Atm Ah ]ng-p-I-gn-p, Ah t\amKw {]m]n-p--h-cm-bn-. ^pJm: 9
CtX Bi-b-n-ep kq-am-Wv. (^pJm: 410 kq- t\mpI). Cv,
546
JpB\ns Bmhv
Cukm \_n-bpsS A\p-bm-bn-I hyXn-N-en--Xn-t\-m IqSp-X hyXn-N-en-n-p-Xv

Cu kq--fneq-sS-sbmw apl-Zv \_n-sbbpw Am-lp-hn-s\bpw ]cnNbs-Sp-nbnpw (_-Jd: 146 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I) Am-lp-hn-s\bpw dkq-en-s\bpw Ah-K-Wnp-sImv ]WvUnX ]ptcm-ln-Xam-cpsS ^XvhI kzoI-cnv hnhn[ kwLS\-I-fmbn
]ncnv I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fpw, Im^n-dp-I-fp-ambn amdnb apkvenw-IfmsWv Jp-B\ns
Bibw _kzm-Cdpw ^pJm-\pw, Xpem-kp-ambn D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-n-bm a\-n-em-hp-Xm-Wv. Bi-b-a-dn-bmsX Jp-B hmbn-m hnn\nv Ap-sX-dn-p-Xpt]mse
Zo\n\nv sXdn-p-t]m-Ip-sap \_n (k) ]Tn-n--Xns s]mcp asm--. ChsXncmbnv Xs-bmWv HmXnb, I, tI, sXm Jp-B kmyw hln-p-I-bpw, hmZnp-Ibpw sNp-I. (ABw: 55, 65, Ckvdm-Av: 36, ^pkzn-e-v: 19-24, bmko: 65 kq Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). ^mnl: 3,7, _Jd: 166167,170-171, An-km-Av: 140 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I.
76.
\_ntb Ah-tcmSp tNmZn-p-I: Am-lp-hns\ IqSmsX \nv D]-{Zhtam D]-Im-ctam sNm A[n-Im-c-an-m--hp thn-bmtWm \n
Pohn-p-Xv? Amlp Ah am{X-amWv Fmw tIp k-t{imXm-hpw, Fm-a-dn-bp k-m-\nbpw.
^pJm: 53, Am-lp-hmWp cp- k-ap-{Z-sf tbmPn-n-Xv. Hp \ IpSnm-hp sXfn-\o sh-hpw, atXp ssI]p Dp-sh--hp-am-Wv. Ah cn-s-bp-an-Sbn ImWm-smcp ad-bpw, thXn-cnhpw Dm-n-bn-cn-p-p. 54mw kq-n Ah\mWv a\p-jy-sc (icocw) sh-n \np krjvSnXv. Ah-nS-bn c-_-hpw, hnhm-l-_--hp-ap-mpIbpw sNbvXp. {]hm-NIm, \ns dp Fm-n\pw Ignhp henb i-hm XsbmIp-p. 55mw kq-n, Fm-e-h Cu Am-lphns\ Hgn-hmnsImv Ahp-]-Im-ctam D]-{Z-htam sNm Ign-bm--hpthnbmWv Pohn-p--Xv (C-_m-Zv sNp--Xv). Im^n Xs dns sXfn hntcm[n
Xs-bm-Ip-p. AAvdm^v: 188 \_n-tbmSp Amlp ]d-bm I]np-I-bm-Wv, Fs
kzw Imcy-n F\nsmcp D]-{Z-htam D]-Imctam hcp-m Amlp Dt-in-m-emsX F\np km[y-a-, Rm adImcy- Adn-bp--h-\m-bn-cp-s-n F\np
[mcmfw \-I Rm hn-n-pI Xs sNp-am-bn-cp-p. Fs Xn-I-sfmpw
kv]in-p-I-bpw sNp-am-bn-cp-n-. \nbw Rm Hcp ap-dn-bnpImc\pw, hnizm-knI-fmb P\-Xv Hcp ktm-j-hm- A-dn-p--h-\p-a-msX am-cp-a-. (An-km-Av: 7879 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). Ap aZo-\-bn-ep ss{Ik-X-h-tcmSp tNmZn-m ]d
tNmZyw, Cv "\n' Fp-]-d-XpsImv Jp-B-\n Cu kq-tam-XpIbpw hnhn[
kwL-S-\-I-fns]v apivcnp-I-fm-bn-o apkvenw-ImWv _m[-Iamhp-I. Amlp-hn\p thn am{Xw Pohn-p-, Am-lp-hns kwL-m-cmb hnizm-kn-I am{Xw
AXn \nsm-gn-hm-Ip-p. kpa: 64mw kq-n \_n (k)tbmSp tNmZn-m
Amlp ]d-bp-p: Hm Pmln-ep-I-tf (hn-h-c-tZm-jn-I-tf) Am-lp-hn\pthn am{Xw
Pohnph-\m-I-cp-sXmtWm \n FtmSp In-p--Xv. 65mw kq-n
Amlp ]d-bp-p: \n\pw, \n\v app--hpw Xo-bmbpw Znhy-k-tiw \Inbn-p-v, \osbm\pw inIv sNbvXm \ns {]h-\--sfmw \njv^-e-ambn Ignp. \o Fmw \jvS-s--h-cn s]-h-\m-hpI Xs- sN-psapw, 66mw kq-n,
AamCZ (5)
547
A, \o Am-lp-hn\pthn am{Xw Pohn-p-I-bpw, \n {]I-Sn-n-p--h-cn Ds-SpIbpw sNp-I. bq\p-kv: 18, Ah Am-lp-hns\ IqSmsX D]-Im-ctam D]-{Z-htam
sNm--h-sc-bmWv C_m-Zv sNp--Xv. Ah ]d-bp-Ibpw sNp-p: Cq- Amlp-hns ASp- Rp ip]mi-m-cm-Wv. BIm-i-`q-an-I-fn Am-lp-hn\p
Adn-bmImcy- \n Ah\p Adn-bn-p-sIm-Sp-p-I-bmtWm? Ah P]n-p
]m-fn--n \nsmw AXo-X\pw AXyp--X\pw ]cn-ip--\p-am-Ipp Ah. (ABw: 53,60,71,114,117, ^pkzn-ev: 37 kq- Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). ^mnl: 4, _Jd:
152,166-167 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
77.
{]hm-N-I-tc ]d-bpI, Hm thZ-ns Bfp-I-tf, \n \n-fpsS Zo\n

\ymbw IqSmsX AXn- c pIhnbcp- X v (A- a n- X - X zw ImWn- - c pXv).
\npapv ]ng-p-t]mhpI-bpw, [mcmfw t]sc ]ng-n-p-Ibpw sNbvX
Hcp P\-X-bpsS CjvSm-\njvS ]n]-m-Xn-cn--Ipbpw sNp-I. Ah
t\scsNms-bp amKn\nv kzbw ]ngp hyXn-N-enp Ign-p.
apv kzbw ]ng-p-I-bpw, ap--hsc ]ng-n-p-I-bpw sNbvX-h PqXam-cm-Wv.

Ah-cpsS Cm\n-- ss{IkvX-h-cmb \n ]n]--cp-sX-mWp aZo-\-bn-ep
\_n (k)-bpsS apn-ep ss{IkvX-h-tcmSp ]d-bp--Xv. (^mnl: 7 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I). Fm Cp kzbw hgn-]n-gpt]mbXv Cu kq---fp-sS-sbmw Bi-b-adn-np aqSn-sh-p, PqXam-cpsS Bibw ]n]-p-- I]-S-hn-izm-kn-IfmWv. Ahsc
]n]--cp-sX-mWv Km^n-eo--fmb km[m-c-W-m-cmb apkvenw-I-tfmSp ]d-bp--Xv. I]S-hn-izm-kn-Isf Amlp sImp-I-f-sp ap\m-^n-Jq: 4 ]d-n-p-v. Atm
Ah-cpsS ]nmse \a-kvI-cnp Ah-cpsS Iq-n \c-I-n ]n-]n-Snp IqSm CSh-cm-Xn-cn-m Jp-B\ns\ apdpsInSnp 1000 999s Hgp-ns\Xnsc amdn-\nWsa-mWv km[m-cW P\--tfmSp In-p--Xv. Fm Cu kq-n \np ]mTapsm-pI hnizm-kn-I am{X-am-Wv. (_Jd: 99,120-121,147-148, 166-167,170171, Ankm-Av: 91,171, amCZ: 4142,60 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I).
78.
Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-I-fnse kXy-\n-tj-[n-I Zmhq-Zn-s-bpw, adn-b-ans

]p{X Cukm-bp-sSbpw \mhp-I-fm i]n--s-n-cn-p-p. AX-h- [nmcnIfpw, ]cn[n ewLn-p AXn-{I-aImcn-I-fp-am-bn-cp-Xv sImm-Wv.
PqXam-cpsS ASn--Sn-bp [nm-c-hpw, \nb-a-ew-L-\hpw \nanw Amlp Xs

Ahsc i]n-p-I-bpw, \nyam-cmb Ipc-p-I-fpw, ]n-I-fp-ambn amp-Ibpw sNbvXn-pv. (_Jd: 61,66 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). aqkm \_n-bpsS Imep Xs [nmcw
A\p-hn-n-cp-XpsImpw In--Xn\p t\sc hncpw {]hn-n-cp-XpsImpw
i]n--s-Sp-I-bpw, Ahp tcJ-s-Sp-n-bn-cp ]e-kvXo \mSv hne-sSp-I-bp-apm-bn (amCZ: 2126 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). Cu PqXam kzbw hgn-]n-g-p-I-bpw,
At\Iw Bfp-Isf hgn-]n-g-n-p-Ibpw sNbvXn-p-v. AXp-sImp ZmhqZv \_n-bp-sSbpw
Cukm \_n-bp-sSbpw \mhn-\m i]n--s Ch-cpsS Cm-\n- ]n]--cp-sXmWv 77 ]d thZ-m-cmb ss{IkvX-h-tcm-Sp ]d-bp--Xv. Cp thZw Jp-B
am{X-am-bXn-\m, AXns hml-I-tcmSv, i]n--s PqXam-cp-sS-bpw, Zo\n AXn-cpI-
548
JpB\ns Bmhv
hnv ImWnp hgn-]n-g-p-t]mb ss{IkvX-h-cp-sSbpw CjvSm-\n-jvS- ]n]--cp-sXmWv I]n-p--Xv. Fm Cp temIpshp Ghpw hgn-]n-g--h-cpw, A-Imc-n Ncn-p--hcpw apkvenw-I-fm-sWv ImWmw. Ccw kq-fpsS I-\-Isfmpw {in-msX PqX-ss{I-kvX-h-cpsS ]mX-I NmWn\p NmWm-bpw, apg-n\p apgambpw ]n]-p-Xv sImm-WXv. AXv \_n (k) ZoL-ho-Ww sNbvX-Xp-am-Wv.
PqX ss{IkvX-h Ah-cpsS {]hm-N-Iam-cpsS P-Zn-\-amWp BtLm-jn-p--sX-n
apkvenw-I {]hmNI ap-l-Zv \_n-bpsS Nc-a-Zn-\-amWv BtLm-jn-p--Xv. apl-Zv
\_n P\n-Xpw acn-Xpw Htc-Zn-h-k-amWv. Fm P\n--tm \_n-b-, 40-mw hb-nemWv \p_p-v Inn-b-Xv. Fm acn--tm \_n-bm-bn-cp-p. ^mnl: 7, _J-d:
6,16, An-km-Av: 118-121, amCZ: 60 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
79.
Ah {]hn ZpjvI-sf Ah ]c-kv]cw XS-bp--h-cm-bn-cp-n.

Ah-cpsS Isfmw hfsc Zpjn-XpXs.
GsXmcp kap-Zm-bhpw \- In-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw Xn- hn-tcm-[n-mXncnp-Ibpw

sNp-tm-gmWv \in-n--s-n-p--Xv. PqXam-cpsS Cu kz`mhw AAvdm^v: 163-167
kq--fn hni-Zo-I-cn-n-p-v. Fm {ItaW \- In-p--Xp t]mbnv, Xn
hntcm-[n-p-Xv t]mepw Xosc Cm-Xm-b-tm-gmWv Amlp Cukm \_nsb Ah-cntep \ntbm-Kn-p--Xv. Fm B Cukm\_nsb h[n-m-\mWv Ah {i-an---Xv.
(B-en-Cw-dm: 52-55, An-km-Av: 158-161 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I) aZo-\bn-ep PqXam apl-Zv \_n-sbbpw h[n-m {ian-n-cp-p (am-CZ: 11 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I). Fm Cp apkvenw-I-fmWv temI-p-shp Ghpw IqSp-X Xn-bn
apgp-In-bn-p--Xv. a\p-jy-cpsS sFIyw \ne-\np--Xn\p thn- ]cn-{i-an-t Ah,
PqXam-cpsS ssien IS-sa-Spp kmap-Zm-bnI sFIyn\p thn hmZn-p--h-cpw,
Ah-cpsS ]ng BNm-cm-\p-jvSm-\- \ne-\np--Xn\pthn am{Xw hmZn-p--h-cpam-Wv. \- In-p--h-cpw, Xn- hntcm[np--h-cp-am-I-W-sap Ah-tcmSv Ben-Cwdm: 104,110 kq--sfmw Ievn-p-p-s-nepw, Ah AXn\p Xm-d-msX Xu_:
67 ]d I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fmb ]pcp-jam-cp-sSbpw kv{XoI-fp-sSbpw {]hn-I-fmb
Xn- InpI-bpw, \ -hn-tcm-[n-p-Ibpw sNp--h-cmbn A[:]Xn-n-cn-p-Xmbn
Jp-Bs\ _kzm-C-dmbn (ABw: 104) D]-tbm-Kn-m ImWmw. Xu_: 71-72,111114
kq--fn, hnizm-kn-I-fpsS kz`mh-- hyam-n-bn-p--sXmpw A-hcnv ]cn-KWn-p-n. \_n (k) ]Tn-n-p: Hcp Xn-I-m ssI sImpXS-bWw, AXn\p
km[y-a-s-n \mhp-sImp XS-b-Ww, AXn\pw km[y-a-s-n a\-p-sImv B
Xn- {]-hn-p--hsc shdp--Ww. AXpw sNbvXn-s-n ]ns Ahs lrZ-bn IS-pIp-aWn Xqwt]mepw hnizm-k-an. Fm Cp a\p-jyn-im-Np--fmb,
\c-I-n-tep ]nSnp henp sImp-t]m-Ip A{I-an-I-fpw, [nm-cn-I-fp-amb I]-S-hnizm-kn-Isf ]WvUn-Xam-cmbn kzoI-cnp hnhn[ kwL-S-\-I-fmbn ]ncnp ]c-kv]cw
Gp-ap-p apivcnp-I-fmbn Cu P\X A[:]Xnn-cn--bm-Wv. \-bpw Xnbpw thXncn-m-\p D]-I-c-W-amb (^pJm) JpB\ns Bibw Ch ]Tn-p-n-, ]Tn-np-p-an-, ]n]-p-p-an-. C\n- AYhm Ds-n Ben-Cw-dm: 10 ]d Im^ndp-IfpsS sNbvXn-bmWp ]np-S-cp--Xv. Am-lp-hns Ncy-b-\p-k-cnp Cs\ XsbmWv temIw Ah-km-\n-p-I. Atm Aap-kvenw-I-tfmSp ]d-bm-\p-Xv, Jp-B
AamCZ (5)
549
am{X-amWv `qan AXns kp-e-\-n \ne-\nm-\p GI D]-I-c-Ww. \mn

c-sm-cn-n-en-m-Xm-m-\p amKhpw. Jp-B\ns Bibw samw temIp AhcpsS lrZ- b - - f psS `mj- b n ]d- p- s Im- S pp, Ah- c hsc Xncn- - d n- b n- - e pw,
PohnXeyw a\-n-emn sImSp--ep-am-Wv. FmeXv Cu apkvenw kap-Zm-b-ns]
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fpw, Im^n-dp-Ifpw C\nsbmcnepw \n-ln-p-I-bn-. Ah aZo-\bn \_n-bpsS apn-ep-ff PqXam-tc-m hKobhmZn-Ifpw, tZio-b-hm-Zn-I-fpw, kwLS\m ]-]m-Xn-I-fpw, kzP\ ]-]m-Xn-Ifpw, ]c-kv]cw hntZzjw ]pep--h-cp-am-Wv.
Ah ab-p-a-cpp I-h-Sw, sIme, sIm, Xo{h-hm-Zw, Ih, \nc-]-cm-[n-Isf \njvTqcambn sIm XpS-nb Xn-I-fn apgp-In-b-h-cmbnon-cn-p-p. Ghpw henb
PnlmZv {Iqc-\mb `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bpsS apn kXyw (\ym-bw) ]d-b-em-sWv \_n (k)
]Tn-n-n-cn-p-p. Fm Cp apkvenw-If
- psS `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-If
- mWv Ghpw {Iqcamcpw
tkzm-[n-]-Xn-I-fpw, [qam-cpw, kpJ-tem-ep-]am-cp-sav ImWmw. Ah-cpsS ]WvUnXam Cu I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fmb `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-fpsS A-jvWw kzoI-cn-p-sImv
AAvdm^v: 176 ]d ]-nsbt]mse \mhp-\on InX-p-sImp \S-p-sIm-n-cn-pI-bm-Wv. {]am-Wn-amcpw ]WvUn-Xamcpw tISp-h-m Cu kap-Zmbw \inp. Xn-hntcm-[n-m Imew hm temIw ]ns \ne-\nn--sbpw \_n (k) ]Tn-n-np-v.- _Jd: 2426,124,254, Ben-Cw-dm: 86-89, An-km-Av: 40,45,91, amCZ: 59,62-64 hniZo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
80. Ah-cn \np A[n-I-t]-cpw kXy-\n-tj-[n-Isf klm-bn-Ifpw an{X-fp-ambn sXsc-s-Sp-p-Xp \n\v ImWmw. Ah Xpthn
Hcp-n-sh-p-Xp Ghpw Zpjn kmZyw Xs. Amlphns tIm]w
AhcpsSta hjn-n-p--Xn-\m, in-bn Ah \nXy-hm-kn-IfpamIp-p.
\_n (k)sbbpw hnizm-kn-Isfbpw Hgn-hmnsImv, aZo-\-bn-ep PqXamcpw
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fmb kXy-\n-tj-[n-I-fpw ]c-kv]cw an{X-fpw klm-bn-I-fp-ambnv
hnncpp (liv: 11-12 t\mp-I). Alvkm-_v: 12,15, 26-27 kq- Iqn-hm-bnpI. apl-Zv: 25-26 Amlp ]d-bpp: \n-b-ambpw kamKw shfn-s-Sp-n-b-Xn\p-tijw AXn \nv ]pdw-Xn-cnv t]mb-h-cp--tm, ]nim-NmWv Ah-sc Xncn-p-hn-Xv, Atm Ahv \mi-am-Wp--Xv. AXn\v ImcWw Amlp Cd-n-b-Xn-t\mSv (JpB) hntcm[wsh PqX-tcmSv Nne Imcy--fn R \nv hgn-s-SpI Xs
sNp-sav ]d--Xm-Wv. Amlp Ah-cpsS cl-ky--sfmw Adn-bp--h-\-tm. 2728, Ah-cpsS ac-W-k-a-bv, "ae-p-I Ah-cpsS apJfnepw ]nc-Sn-Ifnepw ASnp-Xm-Wv'. AXn\p ImcWw Amlp tIm]n--hsc Ah ]n]-p-I-bpw, Am-lp-hns
Xr]vXnsb (Jp-B) Ah shdp-p-Ibpw sNbvX-Xm-Wv. Atm Ah-cpsS {]h\-sfmw \njv^-e-am-bn--gnp. (_Jd: 186 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I).
Fm Cv I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I- am{X-amWv PqXam-cpsS Cu kz`mhw kzoI-cn-np--Xv. Jp-B kq- D-cn-p-sImv Am-lp-hns GI kwL-sam-gn-p
kwL-S-\-I-sfmw apivcnp-I-fpw, ]nim-Nns kwL-ns]--h-cp-am-sWpw (Adqw:
31-32, apAvan\q: 51-53, A-Bw: 158-159, _Jd: 176), AXp-sImv Jp-B apdpsInSnv
550
JpB\ns Bmhv
Hm-I-W-sav \ntZ-in-phcpw (Ben-Cw-dm: 103) Jp-B\ns Bibw ]n]-p-h-cpamb hnizm-kn-Isf Hgn-hm-n-sImv, t\bpw hgn-]m-Sp-samw sImp-\-S-p
\ntj-[n-I-tfmSmWv Ah Cv sFIy-s-n-p--Xv. Ccw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fpw, ^mPndp-I-fmb \ntj-[n-Ifpw tN-XmWp apPvcnwIfpw ({`m-am) Im^n-dp-I-fp-sav kPZ:
22, kpa: 59, AAvdm^v: 35-36, 40-41 XpSn ]e-kq---fnepw ]d-n-p-v. Ch ]ckv]cw apPvcnwI-fm-sWv \c-I-nshp ]gn-Nm-cp cwKw Ap-A-dm-Av: 99, k_-Av:
32, Azm-^m-v: 34 kq--fn ]d-n-p-v. _Jd: 28, An-km-Av: 40,150151 hniZo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Hmtcm \^vkpw (B-m-hv) Xs-bmWv kzKhpw \c-Ihpw ]Wn-bpXv AmsX
]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I-\mb Amlp kzKn-te-pw, \c-I-n-tepw Hcm-sfbpw Bp-n. (_e-Zv: 10, Aw-kv: 710 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). liv: 18 hnizm-kn-Isf hnfnp \mtfp-thn FmWp Hcp-n-sh-n-p--sXp Hmtcm \^vkpw t\mn-Im-Wssbv ]dn-p-v. PpapA: 7, Av PqXampw, Cp I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ipw Ah-cpsS
ssII Hcp-n-sh-Xp \c-I-am-b-Xn-\m acn-m Ah-scm-cn-epw B{K-ln-p-I-bnsp ]d-n-p-v. (_Jd: 94-95 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). Ilv^v: 57 X-fpsS
dns kq- lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn tIn-np AXns\ Ah-K-Wn-p-I-bpw,
Ahs ssII Hcp-n-shnp (Xn--I) adp Pohn-p-Ibpw sNbvX-h-t\-m
Ghpw henb A{I-an-bm-cm-Wp--sXv tNmZn-p-p. A^m: 49 I]-S-hn-izm-knI-fpw, lrZbfn tcmK-ap--hcpw, hnizm-kn-Isf Ah-cpsS Zo hn-n-cn-pp Fv
]d-p-sIm-n-cp--h-cm-bn-cpp Fv ]dnp-v. 50 Ccw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fmb
Im^n-dp-Isf acn-n-p ka-bv ae-p-I apJpw ]nc-Sn-bn-ep-samw ASn-p-Ibpw,
"\n Icn-p in cpNn-p-sIm-p-I'sbp ]d-bpIbpw sNp cwKw hc-p-ImWn-p-p. 51, AXv (\-cI
- w) \n \npthn Hcp-n-sh-n-p-X
- mWv, AmsX
Amlp Ahs ASn-aItfmSv Awt]mepw A\o-Xn- Im-Wn-p-I-bnsbpw ]d-bpp. 52 Am-lp-hns kq- aqSn-sh--Xpw, If-hm-n-b-Xp-amWv AXn\p
ImcWsapw, 53 Amlp Hcp P\-X-bp-sS-ta \Inb A\-p{K-l- Ah kzbw
amw hcp-p--Xp-hsc amn-a-dn-p-I-bn-sbpw ]d-n-p-v. (dAvZv: 11, AAvdm^v: 3738 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Jp-B ]Tn-m\pw, ]Tn-n-m\pw ka-bhpw ]W-hpw, asm
A\p-{K-l-fpw sNe-h-gn-p- hnizm-kn-Iv acn-m `b-ap-m-bn-cn-p-I-bn-. Ah
kzKn-te-p Snv (Ckm: 29) FSp--h-cpw, Pohn-X-eyw a\-n-emn Ncnp--h-cp-am-bXmWv AXn\v ImcWw. Ah Am-lp-hns\sXmv Xr]vXn-s-hcpw, Ah
Ahscsmv Xr]vXn-s--h-cp-am-Wv. (_n\: 6, apPm-Zne: 22, amCZ: 119, Xu_: 100,
A^Pv: 23-24, 27-30, d-AvZv: 28 kq- Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 256,286, Ben-Cwdm: 30,182, An-km-Av: 42,137-140, amCZ: 51 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
\_n (k) {]mn-m ]Tn-n-n-p-v: Am-lp-th, R \ns Xr]vXn-bpw,
kzKhpw tNmZn-p-p. \ns tIm]-s-sXm-pw, \c-I-s-sXmpw \ntm-Sv A`bw
tXSp-Ibpw sNp-p.
81.
Am-lp-hn-s\-sImpw \_n-sb-sIm-pw, \_nv Ah-X-cn-n--s JpB-sImpw hniz-kn-n-cp-pshn, Ah hnizm-kn-Isf Hgn-hmn I]-
AamCZ (5)
551
S-hn-izm-kn-Isf an{X-fpw klm-bn-I-fp-ambn kzoI-cn-p-am-bn-cp-n.

Fm Ah-cn-e-[n-I-t]cpw sXm-SnIfmb I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I Xs-bmIpp.
(Xu_: 23-24, apPm-Zne: 22 kq- Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 26,91-93, Ben-Cwdm: 28,110, An-km-Av: 59, amCZ: 47-49,55-56,59 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I.
82.
P\--fnshv hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv ITn-\-amb hntcm-[w ]pephcmbn,

PqXam-scbpw Am-lp-hns A[n-Im-c-mh-Im-i--fn ]p-tNp-hscbpw \o Isp-I Xs- sNpw. R \km-dm--fm-sWp ]dbp-hsc hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv aa-X-bn Ghpw ASph-cmbpw \o ImWp-Xm-Wv. AXn\p ImcWw \nbw, Ah-cn àm-cmb m\n-I-fpw,
temI]cn-Xym-Kn-I-fmb ]ptcm-ln-Xamcpw Ds-Xpw, \nbah Almcw \Sn-p--h-c- F-XpsImp-am-Wv.
Cv hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv ITn-\- i{Xp-X-bp-Xv apkvenw-I-fn \np, Am-lp-hns

i{Xp--fmb I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-pw apkvenw-I-fnses hnhn[ kwL-S-\-I-fns]p
apivcnp-I-fmbn Xo-h-p-am-Wv. Am-lp-hns kwL-ns] (ap-Pm-Zne: 22) hnizmkn-I-tfmSv Cv Ghpw aa X- Im-Wn-p--h ss{IkvX-hcpw ssl-h-cpw, {]tXy-Inp
Ah-cnse ]ptcm-ln-Xam-cpw, k\ym-kn-I-fp-am-Wv. AXn\p ImcWw Ah ùXn-I-PohnXw shSn--h-cpw, Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-b-n kvacn-p--h-cp-w, Al-mcw ssIsImm--h-cp-am-bXmWv. apkvenw-I-fnse hnhn[ kwL-S-\-mcmb apivcnp-Ifpw I]-S-hnizm-kn-I-fpw, acn-m `b-ap--h-cpw kpJ-tem-ep-]am-cpw ZoLm-bp-n-\p-thn Ghpw
IqSp-X B{K-ln-p--h-cpam-sWv ImWmw (_-Jd: 95 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). _Jd:
96 ]d PqXam-cpsS kz`m-h-t-m Cp I]-S-hn-izm-kn-ImWv Zp\n-bm-hnt\m-Sv Bn IqSp-X-sev Jp-B Xpem-kmbn D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-n-bm ImWmhpXmWv. AAvdm^v: 176 Cu P\-Xsb (Ju-an-s\) D]-{Z-hn-mepw Cs-nepw amwhcm
\mb-tbmSmWv D]-an-n-pXv. ako-lp--m hm I]-S-hn-izm-kn-IfS-p Cu
P\X Ahs\ kzoI-cn-p--Xm-Wv. ako-lp-m-ens hchv BZw k-Xn-Ip
Ghpw henb \mi (^n-Xv\) ambn-cn-p-sav \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. As\
Ckvem-ans\ ]q-ambn ambvp-I-f-bm h ako-lp--m-ens\ Cukm \_n hv
h[n-p-I-bpw, XpSv ssl-h-cpw, ss{IkvX-h-cp-samw bYm Zo\mb Ckvem-ans\
AwKo-I-cn-p-I-bpw, hnizm-kn-Iv A[n-Imcw e`n-p-Ibpw (A-q: 55) Ah I]-S-hnizm-kn-Isf h[n-p-sImv An-km-Av: 91, Xu_: 123, Alvkm-_v: 61 kq--fpsS
I\ \S-n-em-p-Ibpw sNp--Xm-Wv.
"m-\w' Fp]d-m Jp-B\ns Bi-b-amWv. Fm AXp ]Tn-msX
krn-I cNn (I-imkv{X) {K- ]Tnv henb ]WvUn-Xam-cmsWv A`nam-\n-p--h Xmc-X-ta\y Cv apkvenw kap-Zm-b-nemWpsXv ImWmw. AAvdm^v:
146 Jp-B\ns Bibw IqSmsX `qan-bn ]WvUn-Xam-cm-sWp Al-cnp \Sp--hsc Amlp Ahs kq--fn \np ]nn-cn-np If-bpI Xs sNpsapw, A-c-m kamKw Im AXv kzoI-cn-p-I-bn- Fm ZpamKw
Im AXp kzoI-cn-p-sa-pw, Cu kzm`m-h-n\v ImcWw Am-lp-hn-s kq-
552
JpB\ns Bmhv
Xn--dp If-hm-n-b-Xpw, AhsIms A{i ImWn--Xp-am-sWpw ]d-n-p-v.

147 Am-lp-hns kq-sfbpw, ]c-tem-Is Ip-ap-p--Xns\bpw Xn-]-dp
If-hm-nbh-cpsS {]h-\--sfmw \njv^-e-ambn Ign-p Fpw ]d-n-p-v.
^pkzn-e-v: 26se Am-lp-hns i{Xp--fmb Im^n-dp-I I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fpw, 29se
Im^n-dp-I Ah-tcm-sSmw \c-I-n t]mhp apkvenw km[m-c-W-m-cp-am-sWp
ImWmw. Atm Jp-B\ns Bi-b-a-dn-bp hnizm-kn-I C-c-m-tcmSp aa-Xbn s]cp-am-dm-t\m, ]nim-Nns kwL-m-cmb Ch-tcmSp kvt\l-n hn-p-hmt\m, klm-bn-I-fmbn kzoI-cn-p-hmt\m ]mSn-. Jp-B Inn-b-h Jp-BsImv
{]uV-cm-I-W-sap Ben-Cw-dm: 7980 hni-Zo-I-c-W-n ]d-n-p-v.
temI]cn-Xym-Kn-I-fmb ]ptcm-ln-Xam (k-\ym-kn-am) Ah-cn-ep--Xp-sIm-mWv
hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv Ah aa-X-bn hn-p-Xv Fp-]-d--Xp-sImv {_-Ncyw
Ckvemw t{]mm-ln-n-pp F hmZ-n\v \ymb-am-Ip-n-. lZo-Zv: 27, {_Ncyw (tem-I-]-cn-Xym-Kw) Amlp Cukm \_nbpsS "Ign-p-t]mb' Ime-pw Inn-n-s-pw, AX-h ]pXp-Xmbn Dm-n-b-Xm-sW-pw, Am-lp-hns Xr]vXn tamlnp-sImv m]n-XmsW-nepw, AhcXv ]men-t hn[-n ]men-n-; Atm
Ah-cn hnizm-kn-If
- mb Bfp-Iv Ah-cpsS {]Xn-êw Amlp \Ip-sa-pw, Fm
Ah-cn-e-[n-I-t]cpw [nm-cn-I-fmb I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I Xs-bm-sWpw ]d-n-p-v.
Fm Ah-km\Imev hnizm-kn-If
- psS Camapw kwL-hp-an-m Ah-b
- n Imnepw
ae-bnepw t]mbn GsX-nepw ac-ns aqSv ISn-p-]n-Snv ac-Ww-hsc \ne-sIm-m-\mWv
lpssZ-^-p bam-\n-bpsS tNmZy-n\v adp-]-Sn-bmbn \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p--Xv.
Fgppw hmb-\bpw Adn-bp--h Jp-B\ns Bibw AW--p-]-tbm-Knv ISn-p-]nSn--W-sapw l-p hnZm-C Xs \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. (^mnl: 4,
_Jd: 174-176, Ben-Cw-dm: 200, An-km-Av: 82,172 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). hnizm-knI Ftmgpw {]mn-pI:
Am-lpth Rsf \o Al-m-cn-I-fpw \jvS-s--h-cp-am--cp-tX, Rsf \o
hn\o-Xcpw \ns `b-s-Sp--hcpw, \ns kvacn-p--h-cpw, \n\v \n {]I-Sn-n-p-hcpw, am-ep--fpw, kXy-n Dd-p-\np--h-cpw, \ns IpsImv Ncn-p--hcpw, a\mhmNmIWm \n\p IogvsSph-cpw, \n\-p-thn am{Xw Pohn-p-
h-cpw, Jp-B ]n]-thn[w ]n]-p--h-cpw, \ns al-mb ImcpWywsImv
hnP-bn-I-tfm-sSmw kzK-n {]th-in-p--hcpamt-W-ta, Hm Icp-W-sN-p--h-cn
Ghpw \mbn Icp-W-sN-p--h-t\.
83.
Ah {]hm-N-I\v Cd-s Jp-B tIp-tm, Ah-dn-bp

kXyw Xs-bmWv Cu Jp-B Ah-X-cn-n-p--sX t_m[-m AhcpsS Ip-I \nd-sm-gp-Ip-Xv \n\v ImWm-hp-X
- m-Wv. Ah {]mnp-h-cp-am-Wv, R-fpsS \mYm, "\nbw R hniz-knncnp-p,
R-fpsS \maw \o kmn-I-fpsS Iq-n tcJ-s-Sp-t-W-ta'.
84.
R-fpsS \mY Rsf k-\--fmb P\-X-bpsS Iq-n {]th-inn--W-sav R sImXn-p-sIm-n-cns, Rv hp-In-nb kXy-
AamCZ (5)
553
n-epw, Am-lp hns\sImpw R Fp-sImv hnizm-kn-m-Xn-cnWw? (Fp tNmZn-p--h-cp-am-W-h)

Cukm\_n (A) hopw hm Ah DSs\ Cukm \_nsb kzoI-cn-p-I-bpw,
apl-Zv \_n-bpsS bYm ico-Av ]n]-p-I-bpw, R Am-lp-hn\p khkzw
An apkvenw-I-fm-sWv Xm kmyw hln-p-Isbp Cukm \_n-tbmSp ]dbp--Xp-am-sW-pw, R-fpsS \mYm, \o Ah-X-cn-n Jp-B-\n R hniz-knpI-bpw, \ns {]hm-N-Is\ ]n]-p-Ibpw sNp--h-cmbXn\m R-fpsS \maw \o
kmn-I-tfm-sSmw tcJ-s-Sp-n-bm-ep-w Fp {]mn-p-sapw Ben-Cw-dm: 5255
]d-n-p-v. ^mnl: 6, _Jd: 146-148, Ben-Cw-dm: 199, An-km-Av: 91,143-145,155159 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I).
85.
AhcpsS Bm-amb Cu {]m-\-bpsS ê-ambn Amlp Ahp

Xmgv`m-K
- f
- n-eqsS \Zn-Is
- fm-gpInsmn-cn-p kzK-q-tm-p-I {]Xn^-e-ambn \Ip--XmWv, Ah-c-Xn \nXy-hm-kn-I-fp-am-bn-cn-pw. AXmIpp Am-lp-hns\ Ip-sImv Ncn-p kpIrXhmamp {]Xn^-ew.
Am-lp-hns\ Ip-sImv Ncn-p-I-sbp ]d-m, \_n(k) ]Tnnp:

Clvkm Fm, \o Am-lp-hns\ ImWp--Xp-t]m-se \ne-sIm-pI., \o Am-lphns\ ImWp-n-s-nepw Amlp \ns ImWp-pv F t_m[-n \ne-sImphmWv aplvkn-\o- Fp-]-d-bp--Xv. \S---fn-epw Ccp---fnepw InS--fnepw Fm-bvtmgpw Fhn-sSbpw Am-lp-hns\ kvacn-p-sImv \ne-sIm-p-IsbXmWv Clvkm. (_Jd: 152, Ben-Cw-dm: 191, An-km-Av: 103 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-pI). bmko: 11 Jp-B\ns Bibw ]n]-p--hscbpw, ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-Is\ JpB\ns Bi-b-n Ip-`-b-s-Sp--h-scbpw am{Xta \n\v DWm km[n-p-Ibp-qshpw, Atm Ah\v ]m]-tam-N-\-hpw, am\y-amb {]Xn-^-e-hp-ap-spw ktmj-hm-bd
- n-bnp-I Fp]d-n-p-v. apIv: 12mw kqhpw CtX Bi-b
- nepXmWv. kpa: 17 XmKq-n-\p-thn Pohn-p-Xv shSn-bpI-bpw, Am-lp-hn-tev Xncnbp-Ibpw sNbvX ASn-a-Iv Atm ktm-j-hm-b-dn-bn-pI, 18 Ah Amlp-hns hN\w {in-p-tIp--h-cpw, AXns\ Ghpw \-\n-e-v ]n]-p--h-cp-amsW-pw, Aq- Xs-bmWv Am-lp-hns kamK-n-ep--h-sc-pw, Aq-
Xs-bm-Ipp _pn-amam-scpw ]d-n-p-v. kpa: 53, Ip F{X-bp-snepw Am-lp-hns Imcp-Wy-n \ncm-i-s-SmsX Am-lp-hn-t\mSv Gp-]-d-bm-\pw,
54 \n-fpsS DS-a-bmb \mY-\n-tev aS-m-\pw, in (a-c-Ww) hcp--Xn\papv Ah\v
kkzw kan-m\pw ]d-bp-p. 55, A{]-Xo-n-X-ambn acWw \nv hp-s]Sp--Xn\papv \nv \n-fpsS dn- \nn-d--s Jp-B Ghpw \-\nev ]n]--W-sapw ]d-n-p-v. ap\m-^n-Jq: 910 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. (_Jd: 38,
112,121,186,195,218 kqfpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
86. Fm \psS kq-sf (Jp-B) aqSn-sh-p-Ibpw, If-hmn Xn
]-d-bp-Ibpw sNp--h-tcm, Aq- \c-I-ns kl-hm-kn-Ifpam-Ip-p.
554
JpB\ns Bmhv
Jp-B ]n]-m-Xn-cn-p-I-h-gn, acWw Bk--am-Ip-tm "Hm IjvSw, Rm Amlp-hns Imcy-n A{i--\m-b-tm, Rm Am-lp-hns amKs ]pn-p-X-phcn s]-pt]m-btm' Fsm-cmfpw ]d-bm CS-h-cm-Xn-cn-m\pw, As-n acWamk-am-Ip-tm "\nbw Amlp Fs kamK-n-em-n-bn-cp-p-sh-n Rm JpB ]n]-p ap-Jo--fn s]Sp-am-bn-cp--tm' Fp hne-]n-m-Xn-cn-m\pw, Asn in (\-c-Iw) ImWp-tm "F\n-sm-c-h-kcw IqSn Inn-bn-cp-psh-n Rm
Am-lp-hns\ Ip-sImv Ncn-p kpIr-X-hmam-cn s]p-t]m-bn-cp--tm'Fv
Zp:Jnm\pw CS-h-cp--Xn\papv Jp-B\ns Bibw \\nev ]n]-ppI Fv
kpa: 5658 ]d-n-p-v. 59, "A, \n\v Fs kq- hp-Inn, \o
AXns\ Xn--dp If-hm-n, AXp-sIms \o Al--cn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp, \o \ntj[n-I-fn s]-h Xs-bm-bn-cpp'Fpw ]d-n-pv. _Jd: 39, Ben-Cw-dm: 106,
An-km-Av: 56, amCZ: 10 t\mpI.
87.
Hm hnizm-kn-I-tf, Amlp \n-\p-h-Znp Xn-p ]cn-ip--amb

`Whn`-h-sf \n \njn--am-mXn-cn-p-I, \n ]cn[n ewLn
AXn{Ia-Im-cn-If
- m-hmXn-cn-pIbpw sNpI. \nbw Amlp ]cn[newLn- AXn-{I-a-Im-cn-Isf CjvS-sSpn.
88.
Amlp \nv \In-bn-p ]cn-ip-hpw A\p-h-Z-\o-b-hp-amb `W-hn-`-h-fn \np \n `n-p-sIm-pI, GsXmcp A-mlp-hnemtWm \n hniz-kn-n-cnp-X
- v, B Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-b
- n kqnv, Ahs\ `b-s-Sp-Ibpw sNpI.
Cu kq-n cp-Im-cy- {]Xn-]m-Zn-n-cn-p-p. (1). lemepw ldmapw

\n-bn-p-hm a\p-jy-\-[n-Im-c-an-. Amlp A\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-nbXv A\p-h-Z-\o-b-hpw,
Amlp \njn--am-nbXv \njn--hp-am-Wv. h-h\pw kzw hI hXpw A\p-h-Z-\o-bhpw, \njn--hp-ambn ImWp-I-bm-sW-n Ah XmKq-ns\ A\p-k-cn-p--h-\m-Wv
(An-km-Av: 29 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I).
(2). ss{IkvXh ]ptcm-ln-Xam-sc-bpw,
sslh tbmKn-am-sc-bpw, _p-`n-p--sf-bpw, Nne apkvenw kq^n-I-sfbpw t]mse
k\ym-k-n-sbpw, sshcm-Ky-n-sbpw ]mX kzoI-cn-cpXv. aX-`--cmb Nne ipmm- ico-c-ns Bh-iy--sfbpw Ah-Im-i--sfbpw ]qo-I-cn-p-Xp Bob-]p-tcm-K-Xnv XS-am-sWv [cn--h-cm-bn-cp-p. X-m ti-nepw Zpcn-X-nepw
]Xn--epw sFlnI kpJ-t`m-K- ]cn-Xy-Pn-epw Zp\n-bm-hnse Ae-m-c-h-kvXp-sf
hn-Ip \n-ep-samw kzw \nepXs kpIr-Xhpw ]pWy-hp-am-sW-mWv AhcpsS [mc-W. AsXmpw IqSmsX Am-lp-hns kman-]yhpw tam-hpw e`n-p-I-bnspw Ah hmZn- p- p. Ccw aX- X o- { h- h m- Z n- I sf Fm kap- Z m- b - nepw
FmImepw ImWm-hp--Xm-Wv.
Hcn- klm-_n-I-fn GXm\pw hy-n-I-fn Ccnep Hcp {]h-WX
Zriy-am-bn. X Fm \mfp-I-fnepw t\mp-]n-Sn-pw, cm{Xn-I-fn Dd--an-fp \a-kvIcn-pw, amwktam sImgptm D]-tbm-Kn-n-, kv{Xokw ]pen Fpw apap Xo{hamb NcyI Ah kzoI-cn--Xmbn \_n (k)v hnhcw Inp-I-bp-m-bn.
Atm CXns\ \nin-X-ambn hnain-p-sImv \_n (k), Ccw Imcy-v Xm
AamCZ (5)
555
Bm-]n--s-n-n-s-pw, kzw tZ-l-ns taenepw H-cmv Nne_m-[y-X-I-fps-pw, t\mp ]nSn-p-I-bm-sW-n CShnv -]n-Sn--W-sa-pw, cm{Xn \a-kvI-cn-p-Ibm-sW-n Dd-p-I-bpw thW-sa-pw ]d-p. Fs t\mq, Rm Dd-pp, cm{Xn
\a-kvImcw \n-ln-p-Ibpw sNp-p, Rm t\ms-Sp-pp, t\mpt]-n-p-Ibpw
sNp-p, Rm amwkhpw s\pw D]-tbm-Kn-p-p. Fs Cu Ncy Bcp \nc-kn-pthm
Ah\pambn F\np _-an-. \_n hopw XpSp, Cu P\-s-mbntmbn!
Ch, kv{XoI-fpw, \ `-W-hn-`-h-fpw, kpK---fpw, Dd-hpw, temI-nse ap
kpJ-t`m-K-fpw Xv \njn--amn shp-p. \n ]mXn-cn-am-cpw, k\ym-knamcpw BI-W-sap \nsf Rm ]Tn-n-n--tm. Fs Zo\n {_-N-cyan-. ayamw-km-Zn-Isf Dt]-n-t--Xn-, GIm--hm-khpw X]-p-an-. B-kw-b-a-\-n\p
Fs ] {hXm-\p-jvSm-\-am-Wp--Xv. k\ym-k-n-s-Xmb Fm k^-e-fpw
ChnsS Pnlm-Zn-eqsS e`n-p-p. Cv Jp-B aqSn-sh \ntj-[n-I-tfmSv Jp-BsImv
A[n-I-cn PnlmZp sNm-\m-Wv ^pJm: 52eqsS Amlp In-p--Xv.
AAvdm^v: 32, Xs ASn-a-Ip-thn ]pd-s-Sp-hn-n-p Ae-m-c--fpw, `W-hn-`-h-fpw \njn--am-n-bXv BcmsWv Amlp \_n-tbmSp tNmZn-m ]d-bpp. ]d-bp-I: AsXmw sFln-I-tem-Iv hnizm-kn-Ip--Xm-Wv, Ay-\m-fntem
Ahp am{X-ap-XpamIp-p. Fm ap-Jo-v Am-lp-hns ASp--ep
]c-temI`h\amWv Ghpw D-a-am-bn-p--Xv. Fm \-h-kvXp-fpw hn`-h-fpw Cltem-Ip hnizm-kn-I D]-tbm-Kn--p--XmWv Am-lp-hn\p Xm]-cyw. Fm \ntj[n-Ip Cl-temIw am{X-am-Wp-Xv, ac-W-tm-Sp-IqSn \c-I-hp-am-Wv. Atm Amlp
]c-am-Im-cp-Wn-I-\mbXn\m ss\anjnIamb sFln-I-temIv Pohn-X-hn-`-h-
AhmWv IqSp-X \In-bn-cn-p-Xv. AXmWv Am-lp-hns Ncy. \njv]--hm\mb Am-lp-hns Cu kz`mhw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fpw, \ntj-[n-I-fpw, apivcnp-Ifpw AwKoI-cn-p-n- (^pJm: 60 t\mp-I). ^mnl: 2 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
ako-lp-
- m-ens\ h[n-p-X
- n-\p-thn k\ym-kn-amcpsS thj-n Imhnhkv{Xw
[cnp Cukm \_n cm-aXp hcp-tm ss{IkvXhpw, ssl-hpw `qcn-]
apkvenw-I-fpsS PohnX amK-n\nv ]nn-cnp, Jp-B AW--p-]-tbm-Knp ISnp-]n-Snp H-s- PohnXw \bn-p hnizm-kn-Ip-amWv KpWw e`n-pI. `qcn-]
apkvenw-I Jp-B-\n \np AI-p-t]m-b-Xn-\m ako-lp--m-ens sIWn-bn
AIsSp--XpamWv. amCZ: 77,82 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
"]cn[n ewLn AXn{IaIm-cn-I-fm-hm-XncnpI' F-Xns hnh-, Amlp A\ph-Zn-Xv \njn--am-m-Xm-cn-p-I, Amlp ]cn-ip--am-n-b-Xns\ Aip--sa `mh-n
hn-m-Xn-cn-p-I Fm-Wv. \-h-kvXp- D]-tbm-Kn-p--Xn Aan-XXzw kzoI-cnm-Xn-cn-pI (Ckvdm-Av: 26-27), ]nipp ImWn-m-Xn-cn-pI (A-n-km-Av: 37), {_Ncyw kzoI-cnp hnhmlw sNm-Xn-cn-p-I (am-CZ: 82), Ipn-Isf Xon-t]m-m {]bm-ksap IcpXn IpSpw-_m-kq-{XWw kzoI-cn-p-I (An-km-Av: 118-119), CWsb Xr]vXns-Sp-msX Dd--sam-gnp \a-kvIm-c-n Gs-Sp-I, hnImcw ian-n-p--Xn\p {]IrXnp hncp--amb kzbw-t`m-Kw, kzhKkw-t`m-Kw, hy`n-Nmcw XpS-nb \njn---fn
Gs-Sp-I (ABw: 151-152), Jp-B\ns Bibw ]Tn-m {ian-msX Jp-B-t\mXn
556
JpB\ns Bmhv
]pWyw t\Sm-sav [cnv Jp-B\ns icocw Xnp-I (_Jd: 2, C^n-Xm: 14), AlX-bn-msX ]WvUn-X\
- m-sWv \Sn-pI (A-Avdm^v: 146), Al-c
- n-p-I, Akq-b, kzmX, kzP-\]
-
- ]
- m-Xw, kwL-S\
- m-kp-Nn-XX
- zw, hKo-bX
- , tZio-bX
- Fnh hp]p-epI
(_Jd: 109, \n-km-Av:1,128). ]en-i, Icn--, ]qgn-n-sh-v, I--S-v XpS-n krnIv Pohn-X-`mcw hn-n-p {]h-\- \S-p-I (_-Jd: 188,275), a{w, amcWw, iIp\w XpS-nb p{Z{]h-\--fn-eqsS P\--fpsS hnizmkw NqjWw sNpI (_Jd: 102, \n-km-Av: 5152), ]d-bp-Xv {]hn-m-Xn-cn-p-I, {]hn-p-Xv ]dbm-Xn-cn-p-I (_Jd: 44,kz^v: 2), at\m-hn-ja--fn \npw thZ-\-I-fn \npw apnt\-Sp--Xn\p thn Iv, Imhv XpS-nb el-cn-h-kvXp--fp-]-tbm-Kn-pI (am-CZ: 9099), Pohn-X-n\nv Hfn-tm-Sm thn B-lXy sNpI (\n-km-Av: 29) XpSn
Amlp lrZ-b--fpsS Ah Adn-bp--h-\m-sW hkvXpX ad-p-sh-p-sIm-p
Fm {]h-\-fpw ]cn[n ewLnem-Wv. (_Jd: 152,255, Ben-Cw-dm: 101-103,
An-km-Av: 13 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I).
59.
\n Xam-i-bmbn sNp {]Xn--I-fpsS (i-]-Y--fp-sS) t]cn

Amlp \nsf ]nSn-IqSpI-bn. Fm a\-x]qw \n sNp
{]Xn-I
- f
- psS t]cn \nsf ]nSn-Iq-SpI Xs sNpw. Atm Acw
({]Xn--I ewLn-p--Xn-\p) {]mb-nw, \n-fpsS kzw IpSpw_n\p `n-np anXamb \ne-hm-c-n-ep `Ww ]v ]mhsf `n-n--em-Wv, As-n Ahsc DSp-n--em-Wv As-n Hc-Snasb tamNn-n--emWv. C\n Hcp-h\v CXn-s\mpw km[y-ambns-n,
Ah aqp-\m t\m-\p-jvSn-emWv. AXm-Ipp \n-fpsS {]Xn-I sNbvXnv ewLn-m-ep {]mb-n-w. \n \n-fpsS {]Xn-I kqn-p-sIm-p-I. A{]-Imcw Amlp \n-hs kq-
hy--ambn hni-Zo-I-cnp Xcpp, \n \n-bp--h- Xsbm-Ip--Xn\p-th-n.
i]-Y- kqn-p-I- F--Xn\v ]e-B-i-b-hp-ap-v. i]-Y-sf icn-bmb

m\pw Bh-iy-pw am{Xta D]-tbm-Kn-m-hq. hyhpw ]m]-I-c-hp-amb Bhiy-n\p i]Yw sN-cp-Xv. i]Yw sNbvXm A{i--bn Xn-hn-S-cp-Xv, AtXman-psIm-n-cn--Ww, ad-hn -Im-cWw AXp ewLn--s-Sm CS-bm-I-cp-Xv. Dty-iy-]q-a-snepw Hcp \-Im-cy-n\p i]Yw sNbv-Xm-, AXp ]qo-I-cn-pI Xs-th-Ww.
AYhm, AXpewLn-p ]w {]mb-nw \I-Ww. \msf C Hcp {]hrn
sNp-sav, Amlp Dtin-m FpIqn ]d-bmsX ]d-b-cp-sX-pw, AYhm ]d-bm
hnpt]mbm Hm hcptm ]d-b-W-sapw Ilv^v: 23-24 \_n-tbmSpw hnizm-knI-tfmSpw In-n-p-v. (_Jd: 225,255, Ben-Cw-dm: 93, An-km-Av: 1718 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mpI).
90.
Hm hnizm-kn-Itf, \n-b-am-bnpw Iv, NqXm-w, {]Xn-jvT-I, Ap-I

XpS-n-b-h-sbmw ssizms {]hn-I-fns] amen-\y--fm-Wv.
Atm Ahsb hn-p-I, \n hnPbw hcn-p--h Xs-bm-IW-sa--Xn\p thn.
AamCZ (5)
91.
557
\nbw ssizm\pt-in-p-Xv aZy-n-eq-sS-bpw, NqXm--n-eq-sSbpw

\nn-S bn i{Xp-X-bpw, hntZz-jhpw Dm-p--Xn-\pw, Am-lp-hns
kvac-Wsbsmpw \a-kvIm-cssXmpw \nsf XS-bm-\pam-Wv. Atm
\n hnc-an-p--h-cm-Ip n-tbm?
_Jd: 219, An-km-Av: 43, amCZ: 3 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cw t\mp-I. Iv

\nam\w sNbvXp-sIm-p aqmw-L--n-ep kq-am-Wn-Xv. CtXm-Sp-IqSn aZo\-bn hnizm-kn-I RfnXm hnc-an-pp \mYm Fp {]Jym-]n-p-sImv Iv
kw`-cn-p-sh-n-cp ]m{X- Xp-Sp In-s-sbmcp Acp-hn-Xs Hgp-p-I-bp-mbn. AtXm-Sp-IqSn Iv \P-kmsWpw, hkv{X-nepw ico-c-n-ep-am-bm Igp-I-Wsapw hn[n-h-p. Iv Fm- Ip--Ir-Xy-pfpsSbpw Xmtm-em-sWv \_n (k) ]Tnn-np-v. In-t\-m amc-I-amb Im-hv, Idpv XpS-nb elcnhkvXp-fpw hn-W-saXmWv Cu kq-ns auC-f-p lkv\-v. NqXm-w, ]Ww shn-p-Xm-hs Am--Xm-hs \njn--am-Wv. AXv kabw If-bp--Xpw, Xn-bn-tepw i{XpX-bn-te-pw, sIme-]m-X-I--fn-tepw, sIm, Ih XpS-n-b-h-bn-tepw \bn-p-Xm-Wv.
Am-lp-hns kvacWbp-m-p--Xn\p \nan--amb Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n
\nmWv ssizm XS-bp-I-sbp Cu kqhpw ]Tn-n-p-p. (AAvdm^v: 175, apPmZne: 19, ^pJm: 29, kpKvdp-^v: 36-38, ap\m-^p-Jq: 9 XpS-nb kq- Iqn-hm-bnp-I). Xzmlm: 14 ]d Jp-B\ns Bibw As-n Am-lp-hns kvacW
\ne-\np--Xn-\p-thnbp \a-kvImcn \nmWp ]nimNp XS-bpI. AmsX
a\pjy]nim-Np--fmb I]-S-hn-izmkn-I-sf-bpw Am-lp-hns kvac-W-bn-msX Bmhv
]s- S p- msX \a- k v I - c n- p- - h - s cbpw ]nimNv XS- b p- I - b n- . A- c m
{`mamcmsWpw, AhcpsS PohnXw apgp-h ]nim-Nn-\p-thnbp-Xmbncps-pw
\msf hn[n-Zn-hkw Ah Xs k-Xn-t-n-h-cp-sapw bmko: 5960 ap-dn-bnv
\Inbnp-v. (A-Bw: 55 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). Bmhv ]s-Sp-m \a-kvImc-mv FXn-cmbn Ah-cpsS icocw kmyw hln-p--Xm-sWv ^pkzn-e-v: 1924 ]d-n-p-v, Ahv ]ng-bm-bnv \cIw e`n-p-sav ^pJm 65-66-epw, am-Du:
4epw, Xu_: 5354, An-km-Av: 142-143epw ]d-np-v.
A-Bw: 145-, Am-lp-hns t]cn-e-msX t\-h-gn-]m-Smbn \on-sh `W-km-[-\-, ]n-amw-kw Fnh amen-\y-hpw, Im]Syapf-hm-p-Xpw Xs-bm-sWv
]d-n-p-v. Xu_: 95-, Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-samw Adn-nv aqSn-sh-p I]-S-hnizmknI amen-\y-am-sW-pw, Ahsc shSn-b-W-sapw ]d-n-p-v. 125-, Jp-B
I]-S-hn-izm-knIv amen-\y-n-\p-ta amen-\y-a-msX hn-n-p-I-bn-, Ah \ntj[n-I-fm-bn-sImv Poh shSn-bp-sa-pw ]d-n-p-v. Atm a\p-jy-n-im-Np--fmb
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n \nv a\p-jysc XS-bp--Xm-Wv. AI-_qv: 45, \nbw kzoI-cn--s-Sp \a-kvImcw \oNhpw \njn-hp-amb {]h-\-sf-sXmv XS-bp-sapw, k-{]-[m\w Am-lp-hns kvacW Dm-p Jp-B-\ns
Bi-b-am-sWpw ]d-n-p-v. ^mnl: 7, _Jd: 57,99,152,169,268,275, Ben-Cw-dm:
196-197,200 , An-km-Av: 116120 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
558
92.
JpB\ns Bmhv
\n Am-lp-hns\ A\p-k-cn-p-I, Ahs ZqX-s\bpw A\p-k-cn-pI, \n A\p-k-c-W-n Pm{K-X-]m-en-p-Ibpw sNp-I. C\n \n
]nn-cn-bp-Ib
- m-sW-n, Atm \n Adn-n-cn-p-I, \nbw \psS
ZqX\pta (Jp-B\
- ns) kt-i hy-ambn Fn-p-Xc
- p _m[yX
am{X-ta-bpq.
AKm-_p: 12, \n Am-lp-hns\ A\p-k-cn-p-I, Ahs ZpX-s\bpw

A\p-k-cn-p-I. Atm \n ]nn-cn-bp-I-bm-sW-n, \nbw \psS ZqX-sta Fn-p-X-cnI FXv am{X-am-Ipp _m[yX Fp-]-d-n-p-v. (A--Km-_p:
16-17 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Ben-Cw-dm: 25-33, An-km-Av: 59,80, amCZ: 67 kq-fpsS
hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
93.
hniz-kn-pIbpw kI A\p-jvTn-p-Ibpw sNbvX-h-cpsSta,

Ah t\cs `n-n-p--Xn Ip-an-. `mhn-bn A-h Am-lp-hns\
`b-s-p-sImv \njn--km-[-\- hn-p-I-bpw, hnizm-k-n Ddp-\np-I-bpw, kI--fn XpS-cp-Ibpw, ]nsbpw Am-lp-hns\
`b-sp \njn--h-kvXp-- Fs-m-amtWm Ah-bn \np amdn-\npIbpw, hnizm-kn-bm-sWp Dd-p-h-cp-p-I-bpw, Am-lp-hns hn[n-hn-ep-I hniz-knwKoI-cnp ]n]p-I-bpw, Am-lp-hns\ Ip-sImp
Ncn-p kpIr-X-hmamcmhp-I-bp-am-sW-n, AmlphmI-s Ccw
kpIrX-hmamsc CjvS-s-Sp-p-h-tm.
Cu kqw An-km-Av: 136-s Bi-b-n\v kam-\-hpw, 137-138 ]d I]-Shn-izm-kn-I-fpsS kz`m-h-n\v t\sc hncp--hpamWv. Ben-Cw-dm: 133-136 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I. XJvhmsbp ]d-m, Hcp {]hrn sXtm icntbm Fp kwi-bn-pbpw, sXm-sW-n \msf hn[n-Zn-hkw Am-lp-hns apn shp Xncp-m km[np-I-bn-tmsb `b-tm-Sp-IqSn B {]hrn sNm-Xn-cn--epam-Wv. A-{]-Imcw icnbm-sWv Dd-p Hcp {]hn a\p-jy-scmw FXnpw As-n Xe-Xs t]mIpsa-nepw AXp Am-lp-hns Xr]vXn Imwn-p-sImv {]hn--ep-am-Wv. ]ns
hniz-kn-p-I-bpw, ]ns XJvh Dsm-p-Ibpw, ]ns kzbw t{]cn-X-\mbn \-bn
tNt-dp-I-bpw sNp-Isbp ]d-XpsIm-p hnh, Jp-B\ns Bibw ]Tnp-I-bpw, ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNbvXp-sImp ap--hcntev Adnhv Fn-p-sIm-Spp
Ah-scbpw Ahn-izm-k-n \npw Xn-bn \npw, Ip--fn \npw Im]-Sy-n
\npw tamNn-n-p-I-bpw, Ahsc ]m-X-]np aSp--h-cmn amp-Ibpw sNp-Isb-Xm-Wv. As\ hnNm-c-W-bn-msX Xs kzKn-tep t]mIp--h-cmbn amdpIsb--Xm-Wv. Fm Xn-Ifpw hn-m-\p GI-t]mw-hgn Am-lp-hn-s hn[n-h-nep-Ifmb JpB\ns Bibw a\p-jy-cpsS lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn Fn-p-sIm-Sp-em-Wv. A-c-mp Ah-cpsS Xn-I \-I-fmbn ]cn-hn-n-p-sIm-Sp-p-sap
^pJm: 68-70 kqfn ]d-n-p-v. kPZ: 22, Ilv^v: 57 XpS-nb kq-fn, X-fpsS dns kq--fpsS Bibw lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn ]dpsIm-Spnp AXns\ Ah-K-Wnp ]nn-cn--h Ghpw henb A{Ianbm-sW-pw, Acw
{`mam-tcmSp Amlp {]Xn-Imcw sNp-sapw ]d-n-p-v. (AAvdm^v: 40-41 Iqn-
AamCZ (5)
559
hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 2,112, 159-161,177,186, Ben-Cw-dm: 4, An-km-Av: 31-32,146,174-175,

amCZ: 85 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
94. Hm hniz--kn--h-tc, \n-fn BcmWv Ahs\ ImWmsX Iv `bs-Sp-sXp Am-lp-hn\p Adn-bp--Xn-\p-thn \n-fpsS ssIIpw ApIpw Fn-s-Smhp hn[-n th-ar-K-fn \np--hsb Abv
Amlp \nsf ISp]co Wn AI-s-Sp-pI Xs sNp-Xm-Wv. AXp-sImv Cu XmoXn\pti-jhpw BcmtWm ]cn-[n-ew-Ln-pXv, Atm- Ah\v thZ-\m-P-\-I-amb in-bmWp-Xv.
amCZ: 2 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Ckm: 2 Amlp ]d-bp-p: a\p-jys\ (ico-cw) \mw BWn-sbpw s]n-sbpw an{in-X-amb \pXzv^ (_o-Pw) sImv krjvSn-Xv
Ahs\ ]co-n-p--Xn\p thn-bm-Wv. Atm \mw Ah\p tIhnbpw ImgvNbpw
sImSp-p. 3, \mw Ah\v Hp-In \n-{]-I-Sn-n-p--h, As-n \n-sI--h
F cm-semcp amKw sXsc-s-Sp-m-\p kzmX-yhpw \In (Aw-kv: 710
t\mp-I). _e-Zv: 10 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. apIv: 2, Amlp ac-Whpw P\-\hpw krjvSnXv a\p-jy-cn BcmWv Ahs\ Ip-sImv Ncn-p--sXp ({]-hn-p--sXp) ]co-n--dn-bp--Xn\v thn-bm-sWv ]d-n-p-v. (Ilv^v: 7, lqZv: 7 Iqn-hm-bnp-I). AI-_q-v: 2, R hniz-kn-n-cn-p-pshv ]d-bp-I-hgn Ah ]co-nsSmsX Ap-hn-t-p-sap a\p-jy IW-p-Iq-p-p-thm-sbv tNmZn-p-p. 3mw
kq-n, \nbw CXn\p app--hcpw ]co-n--s-n-pv, Am-lp-hn\p kXy-kam-cm-cm-sW-pw, Iw ]d-bp-hcm-cmsWpw Xncn--dn-bm thn Fpw BenCw-dm: 166-167 kq--fn, DlvZv bp-ap-m-n-bXv apkvenw-I-fn \np hnizm-knI-sfbpw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-sfbpw thXn-cn-p--Xn\p thn-bm-sWpw ]d-n-p-v.
Ad-lvam: 14 kq-f
- n kzK-n shp Jp-B\ns Bibw Fm-a\
- p-jypw
]Tn-n-n-p-s-pw, Jznbma: 14-15 kq-fn, a\p-jy\v Ahs\pdnp icnpw ImgvNm-Sp-s-pw, Ah-s\v Hgn-hp-I-gnhp ]d-mepw icn Fp ]d-n-p-v. bmko:
70 Cu Jp-BsImv Poh-\p--hsc ap-dn-bnp \Im-\pw, \ntj-[n-I-fp-sS-ta
inm-hn-[n-p \ymbw m]n-X-am-Im\pw thn-bmWv Cu Jp-B Cd-n-b-sXp
]d-n-p-v. Rm Jp-B Inn-bnp aqSn-sh Im^n-dm-bn-cpp Fp]d-bmsX Hcmsfbpw \oXo-am-\mb Amlp \cIn CSp-I-bn-sv A-Bw: 130, AAvdm^v: 37,
kpa: 59,71 kq--fn ]d-n-p-v.
BZw Z-Xn-I hne--s I\n -Xnp sXp-sN-bvXp. Fm lrZ-b-n
]m-Xm]w I Amlp ]m-X-]n-m-\p hmp-I Cp-sIm-Spp (_Jd: 37, AAvdm^v: 23) AXn-\p-tijw BZw asf ]co-n-p--Xn\p thn `qan-bn-tev \ntbmKn--b-p. kzK-n \np `qan-bn-tep \ntbm-Kn--b-p-tm Fs lpZ \nv
hp-In-p-sa-pw, AXp hp-In-n-bm BcmtWm AXns\ ]n]-p--Xv, Ahp
kzKn-tev Xs Xncn-p-h-cm-hp-Xp-amsWv Amlp ]d-Xv _Jd: 2,38 kq-fpsS hni-Zo-I-c-W-n ImWp-I. lpZ-bmb B {Kw hp-Innbh a\p-jyv AXn-ep-Xv shfn-s-Sp-pI Xs-th-Ww, aqSn-sh--cp-sXp Ben-Cw-dm: 187 ]dnpv. B {K-n Ah-X-cn-n-Xv -sh-fn-s-Sp-m--hcpw, AXns\ Ipd--hn-
560
JpB\ns Bmhv
ep hnp--hcpw X-fpsS hb-dp-I-fn XobmWv \nd-p--sXv _Jd: 174 ]dn-p-v. Ah Am-lp-hn-sbpw ae-p-I-fp-sSbpw Fm a\p-jy-cp-sSbpw im]-n-epam-sW-pw, Ahp in eLq-I-cn-p-I-bn-spw _Jd: 159-161, Ben-Cw-dm: 86-88
kq--fn ap-dn-bn-p -\In-bn-pv. Jp-B\ns\smv P\-sf XS-bp-I-bpw,
kzbw XS-bp-Ibpw sNp--h Ahsc XsbmWp \in-n-p--sX-pw, Fm AXh Xncn--dn-bp-n-spw A-Bw: 26 ]d-n-p-v. hn[n-Zn-hkw apJw Idp-p-hcpw, Zp:Jnp--hcpw Jp-B Inn-bnv aqSn-sh-p--h-cm-sWv Ben-Cw-dm: 106-epw,
kpa: 60epw, bq\p-kv: 26-27epw ]d-n-p-v. apJw {]k--am-Ip--h-cpw, ktm-jn-p-hcpw Jp-B ]n]-p--h-cm-sWv kpa: 17-18,55,61-, Ben-Cw-dm: 107 kq-fn ]d-n-p-v. (Ckvdm-Av: 13-15 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Jp-B-\n-msX hnizm-kn-bm-hp-Ibn-s-pw, {]h-\--fpw, {]m-\-Ifpw kzoI-cn-p-I-bn-spw _Jd: 24,28,66,121,155157,186 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-c-W-n ]d-n-p-v.
"\n-fn BcmWv Ahs\ ImWmsX Iv `bs-Sp--sXp Am-lp-hn\p Adnbp--Xn-\p-thn' Fv ]d--Xp-sImv Am-lp-hn\v Ahs krn-I-sf-p-dnv Adnbn F-, adnv BcmWv Am-lp-hns kwL-ns] hnizm-kn-I-sf-pw, ]nimNns kwL-ns] I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-sfpw Ahs {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmb hnizm-kn-Iv Xncn--dn-bm thn-bm-Wv. _Jd: 155157, 234 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
95.
Hm hniz-kn--h-tc, \n Clvdm-ans Ah--bn-em-bn-cn-p-tm thar-K-sf h[n--cp-Xv. \n-fn \nv Bsc-nepw Icp-Xn-Iqn th-arKs sImm, AXn-\p ]cn-lmcw Ah sImp-I-f--Xn\p Xpeyamb Hcp Imensb hgn-]m-Smbn _en-bnem-Ip-p, \n-fn \np
cp- \oXn-amam- Xocp-am-\npw {]Im-c-ap Imen-sb. Cu hgn-]mSp
IA-_-n--se-p-Ibpw sNt--Xm-Wv. AX-s-n Cu Ip-n-\p
{]mb-nw, GXm\pw ]mh-p Aw \Ip-I-tbm, As-n AXn\p-]-I-c-amb Zn\--fn t\m-\p-jvTn-emWv. Xm sNbvX-Xns êw
kzbw cpNn-t--Xn-\m-Wn-Xv. app-I-gnp t]mb-sXmw Amlp ammn-bn-cn-p-p. C\n-bm-sc-nepw AXn{Iaw ImWn-p-Ib
- m-sW-n Amlp
Ah-t\mSp {]XnImcw sNp--Xm-Wv. Amlp AP--\mb k-{]-Xm]nbpw {]Xn-Imcw sNp-h-\p-a-tm.
Clvdm-an {]th-in--h\p kzbw th-bm-S-epw, th-bn asm-cmsf klm-bn-epw

\njn--am-Ip-p. AXp-t]mse Abmp-thn asm-cm th-bm-Sn-]n-Sn Pohnsb
Xnp-Xpw A\p-h-Z-\o-b-a-. Fm h-h\pw kzw Bh-iymw th-bm-Snb arKn \npw Hcwiw Clvdmw sIn-b-h\p \Ip-I-bm-sW-n AXp Xnp--Xn
hntcm-[-an-. Pohn-Isf sImm ]mSn--sb s]mXp-\n-b-a-n \np D]-{ZhImcn-Ifmb Pp-sf h[n-p-Xv Hgn-hm--s-n-cn-p-p. ]mv, tX, Fen, t]n XpSnb D]-{Zh Pp-sf Clvdm-ans Ah--bnepw sImm-hp--Xm-Wv.
Icp-Xn-qn th-ar-Ks sImm, AXn\p {]mb-n--ambn th-bmSn ]nSn
Pp-hns hne-bpw, hen--hp-samw ]cn-K-Wnv \oXn-amam-cmb cp-hn-[n-Im-
hn[n-p Hcp IpIm-ensb IA-_-n- sImpt]mbn Adpp amwkw hnX-cWw
AamCZ (5)
561
sNWw. AXn \nsmpw `n-m ]mSn--Xm-\pw. GXp Pohnsb h[n-m F{XZ-cn-{Zamv A-Zm\w sN-Ww, F{X t\mp ]nSn-Ww Fsmw Xocp-am-\n-pXp cp \oXn-amam-cmb hn[n-Im--fm-Wv. hnpw AXn-{I-a-ambn Ipw Bhnp-I-bm-sW-n Amlp {]Xn-Imcw sNp--Xm-Wv. lrZ-b--fpsS Ah--b-dn-bp
Am-lp-hn\v Xs ASn-a-Ifn Fp-sN-m-\p-ap A[n-Im-chpw Ah-Im-i-hp-ap-v. AhchcpsS ssII {]hn {]h-\-p {]Xn-^-e-amWp Amlp \IpIsb--msX \oXn-am-\mb Amlp Ahs ASn-a-I-tfmSp Aw t]mepw A\o-Xn-ImWn-p-I-bn-. X-fpsS dns kq- lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn DWn-bnp
AXns\ Ah-KW
- np Pohn-p-h
- B{I-an-If
- m-sWpw, Ccw {`mam-tcmSp \nbw
Amlp {]Xn-Imcw sNp-sapw kPZ: 22 ]d-n-p-v. (AAvdm^v: 40, Ilv^v: 57
Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Ben-Cw-dm: 4mw kqw Ah-km-\n-p--Xv, \nbw Am-lp-hns
kq- aqSn-sh-p--hp AXn-ITn-\-ambn in-bp-v; Amlp AP--\mb k{]-Xm-]n-bpw, {]Xn-Imcw sNp--h\pw Xs-bm-Wv Fp]dpsImm-Wv.
96.
kap{Zth \nv A\p- h - Z nsncn- p- p. AXnse Blm- c w

\npw ap-bm-{X-mpap hn`-h-am-n-bn-cn-p-p. \n Clvdmans Ah--bn-em-bn-cn-p-tm Ic-bnse th \np \njn--am-s-n-cn-p-p. \n ]p\Po-hn-n-sm-cp-anp Iq-s-Sp-Xv GsXmcph\nte-mtWm, B Am-lp-hns\ [n-cn-p-Xv kqn-p-hn.
kap-{Z-nse ayhpw, PdmZpw (sh-p-In-fn) ih-am-sW-nepw `n- A\p-h-Z\o-am-Wv. kap-{Z-nse Fm- Po-h-Pm-e--sfbpw GX-h--bnepw ]nSnm-sapw `nm-sa-p-amWv kqw ]Tn-n-p--Xv. Clvdm-an-ephpw, ap bm{X-mpw kap{Z-nse ay--sfbpw Poh-Pm-e--sfbpw ]mIwsNbvXp `n-mhpXpw ]ns `np--Xn-\p-thn bm{X-bn IqsS sImp-t]m-Im-hp--Xp-am-Wv. Pohn-X-ns 15 hbn\v tij-ap Fm Hmtcm -\nan-jspdnpw HcpZnhkw Fmw ]Xn-bn-cpv honp {XnIm-e
m-\n-bmb Am-lp-hns apn Dcw ]d-tb-n-hc
- p-sapw, kzKhpw
\c-I-hp-samw Ah-c-h kzbw ]Wn-b-Wsapap t_m[w Ftmgpw Dm-bn-cn-Ww. _Jd: 152,177,213, Ben-Cw-dm: 136,182185,191 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
97.
]cn-ip--tK-l-amb IA-_m-e-bs Amlp a\p-jy-cpsS \ne-\nn-\p

B[m-c-amn \n-bn-n-cn-p-p. bpw \njn--amb amk--sf-bpw, _enar-K--sfbpw Ah bpsS Igp-n-e-Wn Nn--sfbpw (CtX Imcyn\p klm-b-I-amn shn-cn-p p). \nbw Amlp BIm-i-fnepXpw, `qanbnepXpw Adn-bp--h-\m-sWpw, \nbw Amlp Fm-a-dn-bp k--\p-am-sWpw \n a\-n-em-t--Xn-\m-Ipp AXv.
BIm-i-`q-an-I krjvSn Ap Xs Am-lp-hns {K-n amk--fpsS

Fw 12 BsWpw AXn 4 Fw bpw \njn--am-b-Xm-sWpw, AXmWv t\scsNm-s-bp Zos\pw, Atm \n B amk--fn kz-tmSv AXn-{Iaw ImWn-cp-sXpw Xu_: 36 ]d-n-p-v. BIm-i-`q-an-I krjvSn Ap Xs s]cpm, t\mv, lv XpS-nb Zn-\- F-m-sWpw Amlp \n-bn-n-p-v. lv:
562
JpB\ns Bmhv
70, BImi-`q-an-I-fn-ep Fm Hpw \nbw Amlp Adn-bp-p-shpw AsXmw

Hcp-{K--n-epspw, AXp Am-lp-hn\p hfsc Ffp--ap Imcy-am-sW-pw \n\-dn-bnt {]hm-N-Im- Fpw tNmZn-p-p-v. Atm {XnIm-e-m-\nbmb Am-lphns Fm-Im-cy-fpw tcJ-s-Sp-n-bn-p {K-amWp Jp-B. Fm Jp-B\ns
Bibw Adn-bp ^pJm: 59se J_o-dp-am am{Xta bYm- Zn-\-n t\mv,
s]cp-m, lv XpS-n-bh A\p-jvTn-pI hgn Jzn_vebmbn IA-_-sb AwKo-I-cnpI-bp-q. Am--h-scmw inIv sNp Am-lp-hns Cu Ncysb AwKo-I-cnm amapivcnp-I-fpsS m\-m-Wp--Xv. Cukm\_n h-Xn-\p-tijw am{Xta
C\n IA-_-bpsS Cu {]tXy-IX \S-n hcn-I-bp-q. _Jd: 189,255, Ben-Cw-dm: 7,
96-97, An-km-Av: 125-126 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
98.
\n Adn-n-cn-p-I, \nbw Amlp AXn-I-Tn-\-ambn inn-p-h-\pw, \nbw Amlp Gsd s]mdp-p--h-\pw, Imcp-Wy-a-cp-fp--h\p-amIp-p.
Adn-nv Ipw sNp--hv s]mdp-p-sIm-Sp-p-I-bn-, Adn-bmsX Ipw sNp-hp F{X sXp-s-nepw s]mdp-p-sIm-Sp-p-Ibpw sNpw. I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I
Adn-nv [nmcw {]hn-p--Xn-\m s]mdp-p-sIm-Sp-p-I-bn-. ^pkzn-e-v: 43 Amlp ]d-bpp: \n\v app ZqXam-tcmSv ]d-n-p--X-msX \ntmSv ]dbp-n-. Xo-bmbpw \n-bw, \ns \mY Gsd s]mdp-p--h-\pw, thZ-\m-P-\-Iambn inn-p--h\pw Xs-bm-Wv. AYhm 41- ]d Jp-B-\ns Bm-hmb
ZnIvdns\ Adn-nv aqSn-sh-p-- ap\m-^n-Jp-Iv ITn-\-amb in-bpw, Adn-bmsX
Ip-Ir-Xy--fn apgp-In- Po-hn-p-Ibpw, tijw Jp-B-\ns Bibw a\-n-emn lrZb--fpsS Ah--b-dn-bp Am-lp-hn-t\mSv lrZ-bw-sImv Gp-]-d-bp-Ibpw sNbvXm
Ahv s]mdp-p-sIm-Sp-p-Ibpw sNp--Xm-Wv. (bmko: 11, kpa: 53 Iqnhmbn-pI). lnPv: 49-50 kq--fn Amlp ]d-bpp: Fs ASn-a-I-tfmSv hnhcw ]d-psIm-Sp-p-I, \nbw Rm Gsd s]mdp-p--h-\pw, Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[nbpw Xs-bm-Ip-p.
Fm \n-bw, Fs in, AXv thZ-\m-P-\Iw Xs-bp-am-Ip-p. (Xu_: 80, ap\m^n-Jq: 6, kpa: 53-55, ^Pv: 23-26 kq- Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). ^mnl: 2, _Jd:
6,160, Ben-Cw-dm: 4, An-km-Av: 17-18 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
99.
{]hm-N-Ista kt-i-san-p -sIm-Sp-pIb-msX ap -Npa-X-esbmp-an. Amlp \n shfnsSpp--Xpw, \n Hfn-npsh-pXpw Adn-bp--h-\-tm.

_Jd: 119,255,284, amCZ: 67 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
100. {]hm-N-Itc ]d-bp-I, iphpw thpw Hcn-epw ka-am-hp-I-bn-t--ambXns B[nIyw \ns F{X-Xs B-cysSpn-bmepw icn. Hm _pnamamtc, Atm \n Am-lp-hns\ [n-cn-p--Xn kqn-phn\n hnPbw hcn-pI Xs thW-sa--Xn-\p-th-n.
]cn-ip--am-b- `W ]m\o-b- D]-tbm-Kn-v icocw ]cn-ip--am-p-I-bpw, B
AamCZ (5)
563
icocw \c-I-n Icn-msX kqn-p-Ibpw sNt _m[yX Hmtcm Bm-hn-\p-amWv. t-ambXp AsX{X A[n-I-am-bn-cp-mepw Ah \c-I-n-te-p--Xm-Wv. ]cn-ip-am-bXv kzK-n-tepw Am-lp-hn-tepw, t-am-bXv ]nim-Nn-tepw \c-I-n-te-pam-Wv. (An-km-Av: 29, amCZ: 90-91 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). t kv{XoI
tampXpw, tam t kv{XoIpf-fXpam-Ip-p.
]cn-iphXn-I
]cn-ip-ampw, ]cn-ip-am ]cn-ip--h-Xn-Ip--Xp-am-Ip-p. Aq- (]-cn-ip-am) tam Btcm-]n-p--Xn-s\-sm-smw hnap--cp-am-Wv. Ahv ]m]tam-N-\-hpw, am\y-amb `-W-hn-`-h--fp-apv (A-q: 26). _Jd: 221, amCZ: 5 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I.
]cn-ip hN-\-amb Jp-B-\n-msX hnizm-kn-bm-hp-I-tbm, {]m-\-Ip-cw
e`n-p-Itbm-bn-sp _Jd: 186 hni-Zo-I-c-W-n ]d-n-p-v. Am-lp-hns hN\amb Jp-B-\pw, AXns hni-Zo-I-c-W-amb \_nbpsS Pohn-X-hp-amWv ]cn-ip--am-bn-p-Xv. Atm Fm-cw-Kpw ]cn-ip--am-bXpw t-am-bXpw Xncn--dn-bm-\p Dc-mWv ^pJm. Pohn-X- ta-Je-I-fneJnew Xpem-km-bnp Jp-B\ns\ D]-tbm-K-s-SppI Xs-th-Ww (Aqd: 17, lZo-Zv: 25 t\mpI). Am--]w t-am-bXv D]-tbmKn-m-\n-S-h-cn-Ibpw \c-I-n B]-Xn-m Imc-W-am-hp-Ibpw sNpw. (Ilv^v: 103-106,
kpa: 63, ap\m-^n-Jq: 9 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Am-lp-hns ]cn-ip--amb hN-\s aqSnsh-p--h X-fpsS hb-dp-I-fn Xobv \nd-p-hcmsWv _Jd: 174-176 ]d-np-v. (_-Jd: 99 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). Ccw tamsc PpapA: 5 Igp-XtbmSpw PqXt\mSpw D]-an-p-Ib
- pw, AAvdm^v: 176 D]-{Z-hn-mepw Cs-nepw amwhcm
\mb-tbm-Sp-]-an-p-I-bpw sNbvXn-p-v. ^pJm: 52 Ccw tam-tcmSv ]cn-ip-amb JpBsImv A[n-I-cn PnlmZp \S--W-sap In-n-p-v. (Xu_: 73,
Alvcow: 9, ap\m-^n-Jq: 4 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). (An-km-Av: 140-145 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I). Jp-B\ns Bibw {in-p-tIp-I-bpw, AXns\ Ghpw \-\n-ep
]n]-p-Ibpw sNp--h Xs-bmWv kamK-nephscpw _pn-bp--h-scpw
kpa: 18 ]d-n-p-v. Jp-B ]Tn-p-I-bpw, ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNbvXp-sImp Da-amb {]hrn-I sNp--h Xs-bmWv hnPbw hcn-p-I-sbv lv: 77 ]dn-p-v. (_Jd: 15, Ben-Cw-dm: 190-194,200 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I).
Jp-B\ns Bibw Ah-K-Wn-v Pohn--h-sc-p-dnv, alm-m- Am-lp-hn-t\m-Sv,
Ch-scmcp sI- k-ap-Zm-b-am-bn-cpp Fp-]-d-bp cwKw ^pJm: 18 ]d-n-p-v.
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I Hcp sIP-\-X-bm-sWv ^Xvlv: 12epw, Ahv Jp-B amen-\y-amsWv Xu_: 125epw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I amen-\y-am-sWpw Ahsc AI--W-sapw
hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv Xu_: 95epw ]d-n-p-v. 96, \n Ah-sc-sXmp Xr]vXn-s-SW-sap Ah \n-tfmSv Bh-iy-s-Spw. Fm \n- Ahsc Xr]vXn-s-m
Xs \nbw Amlp Ccw ^mkn-Jo--fmb P\-sf Xr]vXn-s-Sp-I-bn Fpw
]d-n-p-v. Ckvdm-Av: 82, hnizm-kn-Iv Jp-B tcmK-i-a-\hpw Imcp-Wy-hp-amsW-pw, [nm-cn-Ipw A{I-an-Ipw AXv \jvS-a-msX hn-n-p-I-bn-spw
]d-bp-p. _Jd: 24,121, Ben-Cw-dm: 116, An-km-Av: 78,82,87,174-175 hni-ZoI-cWw
t\mpI.
101. Hm hniz-kn--h-tc, shfn-s-Sp-p-I-bm-sW-n \nv Zp:Jnm Imc-
564
JpB\ns Bmhv
W-am-Ip Imcy-sfpdnp \n tNmZn-m-Xn-cn-p-hn. Jp-B
Ah-X-cn-n-p-sIm-n-cn-p thf-bn \n AtX-]n tNmZn-m AXpsh-fn-s-Sp-pI Xs sNpw. Amlp AXn-s\-sXmp \np hnSpXn
Xn-cn--bm-Wv. Amlp Gsd s]mdp-p--h-\pw, kl-\-io-e-\p-a-tm.
102. \nv apsmcp P\X Ccw tNmZy- tNmZn-n-p-v. ]ns AtXIm-cy--fpsS t]cn Ah kXy-\n-tj-[n-I-fmbn Xocp-Ibpw sNbvXp.
Bh-iy-an-m \nchpw A{]-k--hp-amb Htsd hnNn{X tNmZy- \_n
(k)tbmSv Nne tNmZn-n-cp-p. DZm-l-c-W-n\v, Hcm At-l-ns kmm ]nXmhm-scv tNmZn-p-I-bp-m-bn. AXp-t]mse \np lv \n_--am-n-bn-cnpp
F Jp-B-\nse hn[n- tIbpSs\ \_n (k)tbmSv Hcm tNmZn-p, Fm- sIm-hpw
\n_--amtWm? Atm \_n adp-]-Sn-sbmpw ]d-n-. As\ aqmw {]mhiyhpw tNmZyw Bhn--tm \_n (k) Dcw ]d-p: "AsX' FmWv Fs
\mhn \np ]pd-s-Sp ]w lv \nv hjw tXmdpw \n_--am-Ip--XmWv. ]no-SXp \np ]men-m-\m-hmsX hcp-Xpw, As\ I\ ewLn--sSp--Xp-am-bn-cn-pw. tNmZyw A[n-I-cn-n-p--Xn-s\bpw, A\m-h-iy-ambn Hmtcm Imcyhpw
Npgn--t\z-jn-p--Xn-s\bpw \_n (k) \ntcm-[n-n-p-v. ^pJm: 33 Amlp
]d-bp-p: Ah \ns ASp-tp Hcp tNmZyhpw sImp-h-cp-n, \n\-Xns
bYm adp-]-Snbpw, C\n Ay-\m hsc-bp P\X AXp-t]m-se-bp tNmZy-
tNmZn-t--Xn-m hn[nep hni-Zo-I-c-Whpw \In-bn--msX. (Ben-Cw-dm:
"\npapv CXp-t]m-ep tNmZy- tNmZn P\-X-bp-m-bn-cpp' Fp-]d-Xv PqXamscpdn-m-Wv. Ah-tcmSp ]ip-p-nsb Adp-m Bh-iy-s--tm,
Dt-iy-w a\n-em-nb Ah ]e-X-c-n-ep tNmZy- tNmZnp, Ah-km\w a\anm-a-\-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bmWv AXp \n-ln--Xv. (_Jd: 71-73,108, An-km-Av: 102 hni-ZoI-cWw t\mp-I). Alvkm-_v: 69 hnizm-kn-I-tf, \n aqkmsb D]-{Z-hn--hsc
t]msebmI-cp-Xv, Ah-km\w Ah tNmZn-X
- n \npw ]d-X
- n \npsamw Amlp
At-ls ap-\m-n Fp-]-d-n-pv. (_Jd: 55, Ben-Cw-dm: 7, amCZ: 2026
hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). Fm C-v Cu kap-Zm-b-nse I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I PqXamtc-mfpw IpXn-I-fpw, kXy-s- aq-Sn-sh--hcpw hf-sm-Snp--h-cp-amb [nm-cnI-fm-bncn-p-p (_-Jd: 204-206 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). AXp-sIm-mWv aqv kq-fn-eqsS Am-lp-hns i{Xp--fmb, `qansb \in-n-m HmSn-\-S-p Cu a\p-jyn-im-Np-sf hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv h[n-m In-n-p--Xv. Cukm\_n h-ti-jta
AXp-\-S-n-em-p-I-bp-q. _Jd: 118, An-km-Av: 91 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Fm-Im-cy-fpw hni-Zo-I-cn-n-p (A-lv: 89) Jp-B\ns Bi-b-amb InXm_pmlv ]Tn-msX, t\mmsX I-imkv{X {K- ]Tn-p-I-bpw, ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw
sNbvXv Jp-B-\ns Bibw ]Tn-n-p hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv \n InXm_v HmXn-bn-ptm-sbv tNmZn-ph Cu kap-Zm-b-n-em-Wp--Xv. Jp-B Fp-]-d-m
Xs AnIv AYhm Jp-Bs Bmhv BsW-n-cns Bi-b-a-dn-bmsX JpBt\mXn-bm ]pWyw e`n-p-I-bn-t- Fp tNmZn-p--h-cmWv apkvenw-I-fn `qcn-]-
AamCZ (5)
565
-hpw. Bi-b-a-dn-bmsX Jp-B-t\m-Xn-bm hnn \np Ap sXdn-p- thKn Zo\n \np sXdn-p-t]m-Ip-sav \_n (k) ]Tn-n-Xv Ah Hmp-n-. Aen^vemwaoan\v Bi-b-an--tm, Atm Bi-b-an-msX Jp-B-t\m-Xn-bm ]pWyw e`np-I-bn-t- Fm-W-h-cpsS tNmZyw. AtX -k-a-bv Jp-B\ns hntcm-[- A\p-hZ-\o-b-ambn sImp\S-p--h- Jp-B-\n hniz-kn-nnsv \_n (k) ]Tn-n-Xv
Ah {in-p-n-. aqp Iq-cmWv Jp-B-t\m-Xp-I, AXn ^mPn-dn-\pw, ap\m-^nJn\pw Jp-B FXncmbn kmyw hln-p-I-bpw, Ahs-Xn-cmbn hmZn-p-Ibpw
sNp-sa-pw, ]d-bp-Xv {]hn-p hnizm-knv (A-z-^v: 2) am{Xta Jp-BsImv
KpWw e`-p-I-bpqshpw \_n (k) ]Tn-n-Xv Ah Ah-K-Wnp-p. X_q-n
shp JpXp_ \n-ln-p-sImv P\-f
- n shp Ghpw \-h Jp-B\ns Bibw
]Tn-p-I-bpw, ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNp--h\m-sWpw (Ben-Cw-dm: 10 hni-Zo-I-c-W-n
\_n ]Tn-n Im^n-dp-I CXn s]Sp-I-bn), P\-fn Ghpw Xn-bp--h ^mPndmbn Jp-B Xnp--h\m-sWpw \_n ]Tn-n--Xv Ch a\-nemp-n-. Jp-B\n Ah-Km-l-ap--h, ]pWym-m--fmb ae-p-I-tfm-sSm--amWv (A-en-Cw-dm: 18 hniZo-I-cWw t\mp-I) Fv \_n ]Tn-n--Xn\v hncp--ambn Jp-B hnZ-KvZ-ambn ]mcmbWw sNp-h ]pWym-m--fmb ae-p-I-tfm-sSm--amWv FmWv Ah P\-sf
sXn--cn-n-p-Xv. hnn hnn HmXp--h\v cp-]p-Wy-ap-sv \_n ]d-n-t-sbh
tNmZn-p-p. AXp Bibw ]Tn--tijw Jp-B Hmp ]Tn-p--hmWv. AmsX Hmp ]Tn--h hnn hnn HmXn-bm, sIm\w ImWn--Xn\p inbmWv
e`n-p-I-sbp Ch Nnn-p-n-. Ad-_n-bn-ep-Xv Jp-B\ns ico-c-am-sW-pw,
Bi-b-amWv Jp-B\ns Bm-shpw (bm-ko: 69, kzmZv: 1, lnPv: 6 t\mp-I),
AXp a\-n-em-m-\mWv Ffp--am-n-bn-p--sXpw (J-a: 17) Ch IW-nseSppn-. JpB Hmp]Tn km[m-cWmv Jp-B\ns Bibw hnn hnn
hmbn-p-tm Ccn ]pWyw e`n-p-sa-mWp \_n ]Tn-n--Xns s]mcp. JndmAp Xs Bi-b-ap-m-Ip-tmsg ]mSpq Fp \_n (k) ]Tn-n-Xv Ch ]pnp
Xf-fp-p. Fm Xnem-h-m-h-s, Bi-b-a-dn-bm--hp km[y-ta-b-. ({]Xn-I-cn-psImv Jp-B-t\m-Xp--Xn-\mWv Xnem-h-sp ]d-bp--Xv). Fm I]-S-hn-izm-knI Jp-B Xnem-hp sNp--XmsWv _-Jd: 44 ]d-n-p-v. ]t Ah
Bibw ]n]-p-I-bn-. Amlp sImp-I-f Ccw a\p-jy-]n-im-Np- hnNm-cW-bn-msX \c-I-n-tev t]mIp--h-cm-sWp An-km-Av: 145 hni-ZoI-cWn
hmbnp-I. Jp-B\ns\ aqSn-sh--h h[n--s-n-cn-pq Fv A_k: 17 ]d-np-v. Am-lp-hns\ kvacn-m-\p GI D]-I-c-W-amb Jp-B\ns Bibw aqSn-shp--h ^mkn-Jo--fm-sWv _Jd: 99s hni-Zo-I-c-W-n ]d-n-p-v.
Jp-B\ns Bi-b
- n \npw, Bi-bt- m-Sp-Iq-Snb \a-kvIm-c
- n \npamWv
]nimNv XS-bp-I-sbv amCZ: 90-91-epw, ^pJm: 29-epw, apPm-Zne: 19-epw, AAvdm^v: 175176epw ]d-n-p-v. Pnp-Iq-p-Im-cs\ hnizm-kn--bm-m-\p GI-a-cpv Jp-B\ns
Bi-b-am-Wv. (kpKvdp-^v: 36-38, Jm^v: 27-29, liv: 16-17 Iqn-hmbnpI). Jp-B\ns
Bi-b-an-msX Hcp- {]-hrnbpw kzoI-cn--s-Sp-I-bn-sp (_-Jd: 186 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I) ]d-n-cn-s, ico-cw-sImv \a-kvI-cnp t\mp-t\mv lv sNbvXp
\cIpWvTw ]ng-bmbn kzoI-cn-p--h-cm-Wn-h. Nn-bn-m Ip-Im-en-I-tf-m
]ng {]-b Cq- \c-I-n Ipn-\n-d--s-Sm hn[n--s--h-cm-bncn-p-p
566
JpB\ns Bmhv
(AAvdm^v: 179). BZw apX Ay-\mhscbp Am-lp-hns kwL-amWv (ap-PmZne: 22) hnizm-kn-I-fpsS kwL-sapw, Am kwL-S-\-I-sfmw apivcnp-Ifpw (_Jd:
176 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI) ]nim-Nns kwL-hp-am-sWpw (ap-Pm-Zne: 19 ) Atm
Fmapkvenw-Ifpw kwL-S-\-I Hgn-hmn Ben-Cw-dm: 103se I-\-b-\p-k-cnp JpB\ns\ apdpsInSnp H-kw-L-am-I-W-sapw ]d-bp-tm Ch "]ns kwL-S-\-tht, Pam-A-ns IqsS-bmWv Am-lp-hns ssI'sbp ]d-n-p--tm, "Pam-An \np ]nn-cn-pt]m-b-h H-s--h-\m-bn-sbp' \_n ]Tn-n-n-p-tm
Fsmw ]dp hnizm-kn-Isf ap-m-m {ian-p--Xm-Wv. Fm Fm 1000epw
999Dw \c-I-n-te-m-sWv \_n ]Tn-n-Xv (A-n-km-Av: 118, amCZ: 54 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I) Ch ad-pshp-p. lpssZ-^
- p bam-\n-bpsS tNmZy-n\p adp-]Sn \InsImv, hnizm-kn-If
- psS kwL-an-m Ah-b
- n \o Hcp ac-ns aqn ISnpnSnp
acWwhsc Ign-p-Iq--W-sav ]Tn-n-n-p-v. "]n- th-t, Pam-A-p-th-s, PpapA
tht' Fm- W - h tNmZn- p ap- t Nm- Z y- . "Ah- c psS ]n- I henb
ku[fmbn-cn-pw, AhnsS lpZ-m Dmbncn-p-I-bn'sbp \_n ]Tn-n-n-p Imcyw
Ah Btem-Nn-p-I-bn-. Cp temI-s-bn-m-bn-S-p-ap ]n-I aZo-\-bn- ap\m^p-Jp-I \nnncp akvPnZv fndm' t]msebpw, Ahn-S--fn-ep Cam-ap-I-sfmw
hmS-I hmp-h-cpw, X-fpsS hb-dp-I-fn Xo \nd-p-hcmsWpw _Jd: 174-176
]d-n-pXv C-c-msc DWp-tm Ch tNmZnpw: "Ahv Pohn-tt,
Ahv Ipn-Isf t]mtt' Fv. Fm Irjn, I-hSw XpS-nb D]Poh-\- amK kzoI-cn-pI F {]hm-NIam-cpsS amXr-I-I- Ah ]n]-p-I-bn-. (_-Jd: 143
Cv temI-smcp ]n-bnepw Jp-B\ns Bibw ]TnpI-tbm, ]Tn-n-p-Itbm, ]Tn-n-m k-Xn-p-Itbm sNp-n-. AXp-sImv Am-lp-hns hoSv FXn \np-t]mbn ]nim-Nns hoSmbn A[:]Xn-n-cn--bm-Wv. A^m: 35 ]d
\a-kvImc coXnbpw {]m\m coXn-bp-sa-m-amWv Cu ]n-I-fn \S-p--Xv. (Xu_:
17-19 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Cp H-s hnizm-kn-I am{X-amWpsX--Xn-\m Ahv
Ppap-A-tbm, Pam-Av \a-kvIm-ctam Hpw C, adnp Jp-B AW--p-]-tbm-Knp
ISnp]nSnp Pohn-m l-p hnZm-C \_n (k) ]Tn-n-Xp ]men-p-I-bpw,
ako-lp--m h-tijw Cukm\_n hm hopw hnizm-kn-I A[n-Im-c-n
hcn-I-bpw, Jp-B\ns Fm \ntZ-i-fpw \S-n hcp-p-Xpam-Wv. Ah-cn Nne
tNmZn-p-Xv "Jp-B am{Xw aXn-tbm'-sb-m-Wv. Fm Amlp kpa: 36
tNmZn-p-p: Amlp t]msctbm Ahs ASn-av, Jp-B Xs-bmWv Am-lp
Fv liv: 21, AAvdm^v: 143, lv: 78, Ben-Cw-dm: 101-103, amCZ: 48 kq- Iqntbm-Pn-np hmbnm a\-n-em-Ipw. AYhm Amlphpw {]hm-NI
- \
- p-samw JpB\ns
samw Bi-b-n-em-Wp--sXv ImWmw. (_Jd: 146 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I).
bYm-n lZokv Bb (An-km-Av: 87 hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mp-I) Jp-B XsaXn,
Fm lZvbbmb (Im-cy-Im-c-W-an-msX km\ambn \Ip--Xv) \_n-h-N\w JpB-\ns hni-Zo-I-c-Whpw, Jp-B -Iq-n-tbm-Pn-np a\-n-em-p--Xn\v DX-Ip--Xp-amWv. _Jd: 254,269, An-km-Av: 78,82,122 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
103. _lo-d-tbm, kmC_-tbm, hkzo-etbm, lmtam Amlp \n-bn-n-n-.
AamCZ (5)
567
Fm kXy-\n-tj-[n-I-fmbh Am-lp-hnsta sIn--ap Dm-nb- X m- W - s X- mw. Ah- c n- e - [ n- I - t ]cpw (Ccw A- h n- i zm- k -

]pep), _pn D]-tbm-Knp Nnn-m--h-cm-Ip-p.
Cm-e--fn Pmd--fp-sS-tbm, sibvJp-am-cp-sS-tbm, Huen-bm--fp-sStbm, {]hm-NIam-cp-sStbm atm- t]-cn t\-bmbn BSv, tImgn, Imf apX-emb Pohn-Isf Dgn-nSp-I-bpw, Ah-sb-sImv bmsXmcp {]hn-bp-sa-Sp-n-p-I-tbm, Ahsb kzm-h-iyn-\p-thn Adp-p-Itbm ap hn[-n {]tbm-P-\-s-Sp-p-Itbm sNp-Xv \njn-ambn Icp-Xp-p. CXp-t]mse A\n-kvem-anI Imes Ad-_n-Ifpw PqXam-cp-w apaXmcpsamw Nne Pohn-Isf X-fpsS Bcm-[yam-cpsS t]cn Dgn-n-SpI ]Xn-hm-bncp-p. \njn--amb `-W-n Am-lp-hn\p th-n-b-m--hv (t\-bm-bn)
\on-sh--Xpw Ds]-Sp-sav ]dnpv (_Jd: 183, am-CZ: 3 t\mpI). Hmtcm- hn-[n Dgn-n-Sp arK-v hnhn[ t]cp-I Ah \Inbncp-p.
_lod : HIw Ap-X-hW {]k-hn-p-Ibpw Am-as inip BWm-hp-I-bpw,
AXp Pohn-n-cn-p-Ibpw sNbvXm Xsb ImXp-Iodn ssZh--fpsS t]cn Dgn-nSpw. A\-cw AXns\ khm-cn-p-]-tbm-Kn-p-I-bn-, AXns ]m IpSn-p-I-bn-,
AXns\ Adp-p-I-bn-, tcmaw apdnp \op-I-bn-, AXn\v btYjvSw GXp tan
epw tabm\pw, GXp hb-en ISp Xnm-\pw, GXp Ipf-n \np shw
IpSn-m\pw Ah-Im-ia
- p-m-bn-cn-pw. CXns\ Im-Xd
- p-s
- X A-n _lo-ds
- bp
hnfn-p-p.
kmC_ : B{K-ln Imcyw k^-eo-I-cn-p-I, tcmK-ia\w e`n-p-I, B]-n
\np
apn-t\-SpI XpS-nb h -Zn-hym-\p-{K-l-fpw e`n-p-tm \n-bmbn
Am-lp-hns ]m-fn-I fpsS t]cn Dgn-n-Sp H-I-amWv kmC-_. As-n
Hmtcm Xh-Wbpw s]Ip-n-s\-sb \ne-bn ]v {]k-hn H-Is kzX-{amn hnSp- k{-Zm-b-n\v kmC_ Fp-]-d-bp-p.
hkzoe : BSns BZys Ipn BWm-bm AXns\ ssZh-ns ]m-fn-IfpsS t]cn _en-bmbn Adp-pw. BZys Ipn s]m-sW-n AXns\ kz-am-pIbpw sNpw. Fm BZys {]k-h
- n BWpw s]pw IqSn-bm-sW-n BWns\
Adp-p--Xn\p ]Icw, AtX-]Sn ssZh-ns ]m-fn-I-fpsS t]cn Dgn-p-sh-p-
k{-Zm-b-ns t]cmWv hkzoe.
lmav : Hscm--I-ns Ipn-bpsS Ipn khm-cnp ]mI-am-bn--gn-m hrbmb H-Is kzX-{-ambn hnSpw. ]p km-\-sf P\n-n BsWm--I-n\pw
kzX{yw \In-bn-cp-p. CXn-\mWp lmav Fp]d-bp--Xv.
(An-km-Av: 118122 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). Ah-cn A[n-I-t]cpw _pn-bp-]tbm-Knp Nnn-m--h-cm-sWp ]d-Xns hnh-, _pn-bp-]-tbm-Knv, An-kmAv: 174-175 ]d {]Im-ihpw sXfn-hp-amb Jp-B D]-tbm-KsSpn Ip-Im-en-Ifn\np hyXy--amb Hcp- {]Imi]q-amb Po-hnXw \b-npI-bns-m-Wv. bmko:
62 \n-fn-e-[n-I-t]-scbpw (1000 999s\bpw) ]nimNp ]mn-em-n-bn-cn-p--tm,
Atm \n _pn-bp-]-tbm-Knp Nnn-p--h-cm-bn-cp-n-tsbp ]c-tem-I-p-
568
JpB\ns Bmhv
shv tNmZn-psa-p ap-dn-bnv \In-bn-cn-p-p. _Jd: 67,18,166-167,171, Ben-Cwdm: 91, An-km-Av: 140, amCZ: 15-16,19,49-50,5960 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
104. Amlp Ah-X-cn-nnp \nb-a--fmb Jp-B\ns hn[n-hn-e-p-I-fntepw, Amlphns {]hm-N-I-\n-tepw \n hcn-I Fp Ah-tcmSp
]d-b-s-m, Ah ]d-bpw: R-fpsS ]qn-I-cmb ]nXm-sf (Im-Im-c-W-ham-sc) R GsXmcp Ncy-bn-emtWm IXv, B amKw
XsaXn Rv. Ah-cpsS ]nXm-am bmsXmpw Adn-p-Iq-Sm-h-cpw, kamKw {]m]n-m--h-cmsW-nepw (C-h AhscbmtWm
]n]-p-I).
_Jd: 170, An-km-Av: 59,135, amCZ: 8 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
105. Hm hniz-kn--h-tc, \np \n-sfp-dn-p D-c-hm-Zn--am-Wp-Xv. \n kamKcmhp-Ib
- m-sW-n, ap-h
- c
- psS hgn-tISp \nsf
Hcp-X-c-nepw _pn-ap-n-p-I-bn-. \n-sf-m-hcpw Am-lp-hn-te-mWp
aS--s-Sp-I, Atm \n FmWp {]hn-p-sIm-n-cp--sXp
Ah \np hnhcw ]d-p-X-cpw.
Fm Hmtcm \^vkpw H-sm--mWv Am-lp-hns apn Dcw ]d-tb-sXp Cu kqhpw ]Tn-n-p-p. hnizm-kn-Ifmb ]pcp-jamcpw kv{XoIfpw ]ckv]cw an{X-fpw klm-bn-I-fp-am-sW-pw, Ah \- In-p-hcpw, Xn- hn-tcm-[np-hcpw \a-kvImcw \ne- \np--h-cpw, kwkvIcW {]h-\- \S-p--hcpw, Am-lp-hn-s\bpw Ahs ZqX-s\bpw A\p-k-cn-p--h-cp-am-sWpw Xu_: 71
]d-n-p-v. (An-km-Av: 135, Xu_: 23-24,100,111114, apPm-Zne: 22, ap\m-^n-Jq: 9,
apAvan\q: 111 kq- Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 286, Ben-Cw-dm: 185 kq--fpsS
hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Hmtcm \^vkpw H-sm--mWv Am-lp-hns apn Dcw
]d-tb-n-h-cn-I-sbp A-Bw: 94,104, kpa: 41, adn-bw: 80,95, Ilv^v: 48 XpS-nb kq-fnsemw ]d-n-p-v. PpapA: 8 {]hm-N-I-tc ]d-bpI: \n hnc-tm-Sp acW-ap--tm, AXp \n Ip-ap-pI Xs-sN-pw, ]ns Zriy-fpw AZr-iy--fp-a-dnbp--h-\n-tep \n aS--s-Sp-I-bpw, Atm \nsfmWv {]hn-p-sIm-ncp--sXp Ah \n-tfmSp hnhcw ]d-p-X-cn-Ibpw sNpw. (A-Bw: 60 Iqn-hm-bnp-I). epJvam: 15, amXm-]n-Xm- \n\--dn-hn-m Imcy- Fn ]ptNm \ntmSp \n_-n-p-I-bm-sW-n, Ahsc cp-t]-scbpw \o A\p-k-cn-cp-Xv. Jp-B-\ns XW-en \o Ah-tcmSp Zp\n-bm-hn kl-hn-p-I. Fn-tep
Xncn--h-cpsS amKw \o ]n]-p-Ibpw sNp-I, ]ns \n-fp-sS-sbmw aSw Fntev Xs-bm-Wv. Atm Rm \np hnhcw ]d-p-Xcpw, \n-sf-mWp
{]hn-p-sIm-n-cp--sX-v. Cu kq-fn-semw Amlp Hmtcm-cp--cp-sSbpw
{]h-\- F-s\-bm-bn-cp-sv hnhcw ]d-p-X-cp-sa-mWv ]d-bp--sX-n-epw,
bYm-n Ckvdm-Av: 13, Fm Hmtcm a\p-jycpw Ah-cpsS I-tcJ Ah-cpsS
]nc-Sn-bn hln-p-p-s-pw, Ay-Zn-\-n Hcp Xpd {]Im-in-p ]pkvX-Iambn
\mw (A-m-lp) Ah-\v ]pd-s-Spp sImSp-p-sapw ]d-n-p-v. 14, \o \ns
{Kw hmbn-p-I, Cv \ns hnNm-cW \S-m \o Xs aXn-sbpw ]d-n-p-v.
AamCZ (5)
569
(Ckvdm-Av: 15, kpa: 7, A-Bw: 104,164, ^mXzn: 18, A-Pvav: 32,38-40, Ilv^v: 49, Pmknb:
28-29, bmko: 12, \_-Av: 27-29 XpS-nb kq- Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
Alv: 125 Amlp ]d-bp-p: \o \ns DS-a-bn-tev lnIva-p-sIm-pw,
kam-\amb D]-a- D-Zm-l-c-W-sImpw hnfn-p-I. Ghpw \-Xp-sImv (JpBsImv) Ah-tcmSp hmZn-p-Ibpw sNp-I, BcmWv Xs amKn \np ]ng-pt]m-bn-p--sX-pw, BcmWv Xs amKn \ne-sIm-p--sXpw \ns DSabmb
dpXs Ghpw Adn-bp--h-\msWp ]d-bp-p. 128 \nbw Amlp Ahs\
lrZ-b-n kqn--h-tcm-sSm--hpw, Ahs\ Ip-sImv Ncn-p--h-tcm-sSm--amsWpw ]d-bp-p. Cu hN-\-ns kmcw kzw cmamKw am{Xw At\z-jn-pIbpw, ap--h-cpsS kwkvI-cW Imcyw Ah-K-Wn-p-Ibpw sN-W-sa--. As\
Nne [cn-p-t]m-bn-p-v, B sXn-m-cW Xncp-n-sImp A_q-_- knoJv (d)
Cs\ {]kw-Kn-p, P\--tf, \n Cu Jp-B kqw ]mcm-bWw sNbvXv AXn\v
Zphym-Jym\w \Ip-pthm? dkq (k) Acp sNp-Xv Rm tInp-v, Xn-sNp-Xp Inpw AXp XS-bm-Xn-cn-p-I-bpw, A{I-an-bpsS A{Iaw ImWp-tm Ahs\
XS-bm-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-I-sb Hc-h P\--fnepmIp]w kI-e-tcbpw
Amlp Ahs inp hnt[-b-am-pw. Am-lp-hmWv, \n \ Bm-]n-pI-bpw, Xn- XS-bp-Ibpw sNpI Xs-th-Ww. Am--]w \n-fpsSta Ghpw
ZpjvSam-cmb Bfp-Isf Amlp A[n-Im-c-s-Sp-pw. Ah \nsf ISp bmX-\Ifpw thZ-\-Ifpw Bkz-Zn-n-pw. XZhkcw \n-fn-ep injvSam Am-lp-hn-t\mSp
{]mnp t\mpw, ]t Ah-\Xp kzoI-cn-p-I-bn. (A^m: 25,33 Iqn-hm-bn-pI). _Jd: 113,213,234,256,272,286, Ben-Cw-dm: 30,110112,152,156,160, An-km-Av: 118,123-126,
am-CZ: 5457, 78-80 t\mpI.
106. Hm hniz-kn--h-tc, \n-fn Hcp-h\v acWw Bk--am-hpI-bpw, Atm
Ah Hkyp-sNp-I-bp-am-sW-n \n-fn \np \oXn-amam-cmb
cp-t] AXn\p kmyw hln-p-Ibpw thWw. C\n \n `qan-bn
k-cn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-tm-gmWv, \nv ac-W-hn-]p ]nSn-s-Sp--sXn (\n-fn hnizm-kn-I-fn \np- cm-fpsS A`m-h-n) hnizmkn-I-fn \n-m cp-t]sc Hky-n\p kmn-I-fmbn \npI-bpw
thWw. ]noSv kwi-b-ap-m-hp-I-bm-sW-n Ah cp-t]-scbpw \akvIm-ct- ijw ]n-bn XS-p-sh-p-Ibpw, hnNm-cW \S-p-Ibpw thWw.
Ah cp-t]cpw Am-lp-hns\sImv kXyw sNbvXp ]d-b-s, R
Ipd--hn-e-v, AXp R-fpsS _p-s-Xn-cm-sW-n t]mepw
kmyw hnp--h-c-, Amlphn\p-th-n-bp kmys R
Hfn-n-p-sh-p--h-cp-a-. \nbw A{]-Imcw sNbvXm R Ip-hmfn-I-fn s]-h Xs-bm-bn-cn-pw.
Pohn-X-nsemcn- am{Xw ]men-t \ntZ-i-amWv Cu Jp-B kq-n
AS-n-bn-cn-p--Xv. km[m-cW \ne-bn kzm`m-hnI acWw Bk--am-Ip-tm Hkyv
sNpIbm-sW-n \oXn-amam-cmb hnizm-kn-I-fn s] cm-fp-Isf AXn\p kmyw
hln-n-t--Xm-Wv. Fm bm{X-bn-em-bn-cn-p-tm-gmWv acWw Bk-amb-sX-n
570
JpB\ns Bmhv
Hkyv sNp-tm hnizmknIfn \np \oXn-amam-cmb cp- km-n-Isf

Inm-- Ah--bn kaq-l-n \np Ign-bp-{X \oXn-amam-cmb cm-fp-Isf
kmn \nt--Xm-Wv. B kmn-I-fpsS Imcy-n ]tc-Xs A\--cm-h-Im-inIv kwibw tXmp-I-bm-sW-n Ahsc Am-lp-hns\pdnp Hman-n-p-I-bpw,
sXmen-I-fpw, ssIIm-ep-Ifpw `qan-bp-samw kwkm-cn-p Zn\-n Fm cl-kyhpw
Amlp sImp-h-cp-sa-v DWpIbpw, Ahsc hnNm-cW \S-p-Ibpw thWw. ]ns
\a-kvIm-cm-\-cw Ah Am-lp-hn kXyw sNbvXp Cs\ ]d-bp-Ibpw thWw:
R kzm Xm]-cy-n-\p-thntbm As-n R-fpsS IpSpw-_m--KwfpsS
Xm]-cy-n-\p-th-ntbm Hky-n bmsXmcp amhpw hcp-n-bn-n-m, As\ R
{]hn-p-I-bm-sW-n \nbw, R Fm-n\pw kmn-bm-b, Fmw ]Xn-bncpp hon-p Am-lp-hns apn Ip-hm-fn-I Xs-bm-bn-cn-p-sav. _Jd:
180-182,234,255,282-283 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
107. C\n Ah-cn-cp-hcpw Xsf kzbw Ip-n-e-I-s-Sp-n-bn-cn-p-sp
t_m[y-am-bm Ah-Imiw \jvS-s--h-cn \np, Ch-tc-m kmn
]d-bp--Xn\p Al-cmb cp-km-n-I Ah-cpsS m\p \npIbpw, Ah Am-lp-hn BW-bn-p-sImp ]d-bp-Ibpw thWw, \nbw
Ah-cncp-h-cp-sSbpw kmy-t-m kXy-am-bXp R-fpsS kmy-amIp-p, kmyw \Ip R bmsXmcp AXn-cp-I-hn-bepw \S-n-bn-n, A-s\-sbm\pw R sNbvXm, \nbw R AXn-{I-an-Ifn s]-h Xs-bm-bn-cn-pw.
108. AXmWv kmyw AXns bYm-m-\p sImp-h-cm Ghpw \h-gn, As-n kmyw hln-p--h Ah-cpsS kXy{]Xn--Iptijw ap--h-cpsS kXy-{]-Xn--bm X kmy-n \np ams-Sp-sap `b-s-psImp kmy-n amw hcp-m-Xn-cn-m\pw \Xv.
\n Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-b
- n kqn-p-Ibpw, {in-p-tIp-Ibpw
sNp-hn. [nm-cn-I-fmb Hcp P\-Xsb Amlp kamK-n-tev \bnp-I-bn Xs.
Am-lp-hns hn[n-hn-e-p-I-fmb Jp-B-\ns samw hn[n-hn-e-p-I hynPo-hn-X-nepw, kaq-l-Po-hn-X-nepw ]men-p-tm am{X-amWv imnbpw kam-[m-\-hpamb Ckvem-anI PohnXw ssIh-cn-I. hyn-Po-hn-X-n Ah ]men-p--h-cmWv hnizmkn-I. Ah kaq-l-Po-hn-X-n AXp \S-n-em-m Ign-bp-{X ]cn-{i-an-pIbpw
sNpXm-Wv. A-Km-_p: 16 Amlp ]d-bp-p: \n Am-lp-hns\ Ign-bp{X kqn-p-I, Ahs hN-\- {in-p-tIp-Ip-bpw, Ah ]n]n Am-lphns\ A\p-k-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-I. \n-fpsS Xs KpW-n-\p-thn kp sNeh-gn-p-Ibpw sNp-I, BcmtWm \^vkns CSp--n \np (kzm Xm]-cyn \np) tamNn-X-am-bXv Aq- Xs-bmWv hnPbw hcn-p--h. Am-lp-hns
hn[n-hn-e-p-I Adn-np aqSn-sh-p [nm-cn-I-fmb I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Isf Amlp
kamKn-tev \bn-p-I-bn-sp Xu_: 24,80, Aq: 55, Az-^v: 5 XpS-nb
kq--fn ]d-n-p-v. ap\m-^n-Jq: 6, \nbw [nm-cn-I-fmb Hcp P\-Xsb
AamCZ (5)
571
Amlp kamK-n-em-p-I-bn Xs Fp-]-d-n-p-v. Xu_: 67-, \nbw

I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I Xs-bmWv [nm-cn-I Fpw ]d-n-p-v. Ccw ^mkn-Jo C\n hniz-kn-p-I-bn-s \ns dns hN\w kXy-ambn ]pen-cn-p-pshv
bq\p-kv: 33 ]d-n-p-v. ^mnl: 4, _Jd: 67,2627,99,152,166-167,285 , Ben-Cw-dm:
Am-lp-th, Rsf ^mkn-Jo--fpw, \jvS-s--h-cp-am--t, Rsf \o \ns
Ip-sImv Ncn-p-h
- c
- pw, \ns lrZ-b
- n kqn-p-h
- c
- pw, a\mhmNmIW
\n\p hgn-s--h-cpw, Jp-B\ns\ ]n]-t--hn[w ]n]-p--h-cpw, kzKn hnPbn-I-tfm-sSmw, ]pWym-m--tfm-sSmw \ns al-mb Imcp-Wy-m {]th-inn-t-W-ta, Hm IcpW sNp--h-cn Ghpw \mbn IcpW sNp--ht\.
109. Amlp Fm {]hm-NI
- amscbpw Hcp\mfn Hcp-an-p-Iqn Ah-tcmSp tNmZnp- XmWv, \n Fp--c-hpw sImmWv h-n-p--Xv. Ah ]dbpw: R-fpsS ] bmsXmcp Adn-hp-an-, \nbw \o AZr-iy-sfmadn-bp k-m\n Xsbtm.
hn[n-Z-nhkw Fm-h-tcbpw Hcp-anpIqp \mfn {]hm-N-Iamsc {]tXyIw hnNmcW \S-p cwK-am-WnXv. AAvdm^v: 6, Atm Bcn-te-mtWm Ab--s-Xp
Ah-cpw, Bsc-bmtWm Ab-Xv Ahcpw tNmZyw sN-s-SpI Xs sNpsap ]dn-p-v. ^mnl: 3, An-km-Av: 4142 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
110. Amlp ]d-bp k`w, Hm adn-b-ans ]p{X Cukm Fs A\p-{Klw
\nnepw \ns amXm-hnepw hjn-t- Xmp-I\mw ]cn-ip-m-m-hp-sImv
\ns in-s-Sp-n-bXv, sXmn-enshpw {]mb-]qn-bm-b-tmgpw P\-tfmSv \ns kwkm-cn-n-Xv, \n\v {Khpw XXz-m-\h
- pw, Xudmpw
Coepw ]Tn-n--Xv, \o Fs thp-I-tbm-Sp -IqSn Ifn-a-n \np ]nbpsS cq]-ap-m-p-I-bpw AXn DuXp-Ip-bpw, Atm Fs thp-Itbm-Sp-IqSn AXv ]n-bmbn Xocp-Ibpw sNbvXXv, Fs thp-It- bmSpIqSn
P\m Aam-scbpw ]mWvUp-tcm-Kn-I-sfbpw kpJ-s-Sp-n-b-Xv, Fs
thp-I-tbm-Sp- IqSn \o acn--hsc Poh-\p--h-cmbn ]pd-s-Sp-hnn-Xv, \o
Ahp hy-amb ZrjvSm-- sImp-h--tm Ah-cn \np
\ntj-[n-I, \nbw CXp hy-amb amc-W-a-msX (B`n-Nm-c-a-m-sX)
asm- p- a - - s bp ]dp If- h m- n- b - t m \ns s]mXn- p
CkvdmCu k--Xn-Isfsmv c-s-Sp-n-b-Xpw kvac-Wo-b-amWv.
111. Rm lhm-cn-o-v, \n Fnepw Fs {]hm-N-I-\nepw hniz-knp-hn Fp Znhy-k-tiw \In-b-tm, R hniz-kn-n-cn-p-p,
\nbw, R kkzw Am-lp-hn\p kanhcm-sWv \o kmyw
hln-p-Ibpw sNpI Fh ]dXpw kvac-Wo-b-am-Wv.
Ben-Cw-dm: 49-52 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Amlp Cukm \_n (A)\p \Inb
A\p-{K-l--fmWv Cu kq--fnepw XpSphcp kq--fnepw Hman-n-p--Xv.
572
JpB\ns Bmhv
\nstaep A\p-{Klsap ]d--Xn Cukm\_nsb ]nXm-hn-msX amXm-hn\nv

am{Xw krjvSn-Xpw Ds]SpXmWv (An-km-Av: 1,171 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). amXmhnsta sNbvX A\p-{Kl, Ben-Cw-dm: 4245 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWn
t\mp-I. Cukm\_nsb Amlp s]mXnp c-s-Sp-n-bXpw, lhm-cno
apkvenw-I-fm-sWv {]Jym-]n-Xpw Ben-Cw-dm: 52-55 kq--fn hni-Zo-I-cn-n-p-v.
amCZ: 82-85 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
112. lhm-cn-o- tNmZn- k`w, Hm adn-ba
- ns ]p{X Cukm, \ns dn\v
Rv BIm-ip\nv Hcp -`--W--fnI Cd-n--cp-hm km[nptam? Atm Cukm ]d-p: \n hnizm-kn-I-fm-sW-n Amlp-hns\ kqn-phn (`bs-Sp-hn).
Cukm \_n-tbm-S-h tNmZn-Xv, k-tem-I--fpsSbpw DS-a-bmb Am-lp-hn\v
Ahp-thn `-W--fnIbnd-m km[n-p-tam-sb-m-Wv. Atm Cukm \_n
]d-p: \n hnizm-kn-I-fm-sW-n Ccw tNmZy- tNmZn--cp-Xv, Am-lp-hn\v
Ign-bm Imcy-ap-tm, Ah-s\mcp Imcy-ap-t-in-m "Dm-hp-I' Fp-]d
- b
- p-Itb thq,
Atm-f-Xp-mbn Ignp (bm-ko: 82 t\mpI). Ben-Cw-dm: 59-60 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
113. lhm-cn-o- ]d-p: B Xfn-I-bn \np Rv Xnm-\pw, AXphgn R-fpsS lrZ-b-v Ddpw kwXr]vXnbpw hcm\pw, \o RtfmSv ]d-Xv Rv ZrV-t_m[yw hcm\pw, AXnsta kmn-Ifm-Im-\p-amWv R Dt-in-p--Xv.
_Jd: 238239,258260, An-km-Av: 103 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I).
114. (Atm) adn-b-ans ]p{X Cukm {]mn-p: Am-lp-th, R-fpsS
DS-a-bmb \mYm, Rv BIm-ip \nsmcp `-W--fn-I-bn-d-n
XtcW-ta, AXp R fn BZypw, Aypw Hcp BtLm-jhpw
(s]-cp-m-fpw), \nn \np Hcp ZrjvSm-hpambnsmv. Rsf
\o Dup-I, \o Dup--h-cn Ghpw D-a-ambn Dup--h-\-tm.
lv: 58, apAvan\q: 72, k_-Av: 39, PpapA: 11 XpS-nb kq--sfmw "Amlp-hmWv Dup--h-cn Ghpw \mbn Dup--h' F Bi-b-n-emWv Ah-km-\np-Xv. B-en-Cw-dm: 27,37 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
115. Amlp adp-]Sn \In: \nbw Rm \nXv Cd-p--h Xsbm-Wv. \n-fn- B-sc-nepw AXn-\p-tijw AXns\ \ntj-[n-p-I-bmsW-n, Rm\-hs\ k-tem-Ic
- n Hcm-sfbpw inn-m in-sImv
inn-p--Xp-am-Wv.Amlp amCZ Cdp-Ibpw, AXn\nv `n--tijw kwibw {]I-Sn-np \ntj[n-I-fmb Ckvdm-bo k-Xn-Ifn \np PqXamsc ]n-I-fmn ]cn-hn-n-pIbpw sNbvXp. (amCZ: 60 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). amCZ Cd-n-b-Xn kwibw {]I-
AamCZ (5)
573
Sn-n-p--h Jp-B-\ns samw kmcmiw Dsm-m--h-cm-Wv. amCZ Cd-m

thn--s-bmWv Cukm \_n-sb-smv, ""Am-lp-th, R-fpsS DS-a-bmb \mYm''
Fv hnfn-p-sImv {]mn-n--Xpw, "Rsf \o Dun-bm-epw, \o Dup--h-cnshv
Ghpw \mbn Dup--h Xs-btm' F Ckvap AAvfw sImv {]m\
Ah-km-\n-n--Xpw. CXn-s\mw apv C_vdmlow "acn--hsc Pohn-n-p-Xv F-s\'sbv tNmZn--tm _Jd: 260 {]Imcw C_vdm-lo-an\v acn--hsc Pohn-n-p-Xv ImWnp-sIm-Sp--h-\mWv Am-lp. Ben-Cw-dm-\n amCZ Cd-p--Xn\papv Cukm \_nbpsS amXmhn\p AZr-iy-ambn `Ww Inn-sIm-n-cp Imcyw ]d-n-p-v. (Benwdm: 37 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI).
lhm-cno- amCZ Cd-m Bh-iy-s-Sp-Xv Ah-cpsS lrZ-b-v Ddpw
imnbpw e`n-p-Xn\v thn-bmWv. "\^vkv apXp-a-C' am{Xta kzK-n {]thin-p-I-bp-q. AXv t\Sm Jp-B\ns samw Bibw e`n-pI Xs thWw. dAvZv: 28 Amlp ]d-bpp: Adn-n-cn-p-I, Jp-B\
- ns Bi-bw-sImv lrZ-bv
Ddpw imnbpw e`n-p--Xm-Wv. "\^vkv apXvaC'-sb (D-dpw imnbpw t\Snb
Bm-hv) hnfnv Amlp ]d-bpp: "\ns DSa \ns Xr]vXn-s-p-sIm-pw, DS-a-sbsmv \o Xr]vXn-s-p-sImpw, \o \ns DS-a-bn-tev Xncn-p-h-cn-I, Atm \o
F\npthn am{Xw Pohn-p--h-\m-hp-I-, Fs kzK-n {]th-in-p-I'bpw sNpI Fv ^Pv: 27-30 ]d-n-p-v. lnPv: 99-, \_nsb hnfnv Amlp ]d-bpp:
\n\v Ddv e`n-p--Xp-hsc (a-c-Ww-h-sc) \o \ns dn-\p-thn am{Xw Pohn-pIbpw sNp-I. \n-bw, Cu Jp-B Dd-p-e-`n-p kXyw Xs-bmsWv AlmJ:
51-epw ]d-n-p-v. _Jd: 2,38,185-186,171 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
116. Amlp tNmZn-p k`hpw kvac-Wo-b-am-Wv. Hm ad-nb-ans ]p{X
Cukm, \o P\--tfmSp Am-lp-hns\ IqSmsX Fs-bpw, Fs amXm-hns\bpw cp Cem-lp-I fmbn kzoI-cn-p-hn Fp]d-n-p-m-bn-cppthm? Atm Atlw adp-]Sn ]d bpw: \osb{X ]cn-ip-! F\nv
AlX-bnm-Xv Rm ]d-bp-I-sb-Xp F\np tbmPn--X--tm. C\n
Rm\Xv ]d-n-p-s-n, Xo-bmbpw \o AXp Adn-n-p-m-bn-cnp-a-tm. Fs Bm-hns Ah \o Adn-bp-p, \ns Bm-hns
Ah Rm Adn-bp-p-an-. \nbw \o AZr-iy--sfmw Adn-bp
k-m\n Xs-btm.
ss{IkvX-h ssZhw Cukm \_nbmsW-pw, ssZhw ]p-{X-\pw ]nXmhpw ]cn-ipm-mhpw IqSn-b- aqm-sWpw A, ssZhw aqn-semm-sWpap hnhn-[--fmb
hmZ-p ]pdsa Cukm \_n-bpsS amXm-hn-s\bpw ssZh-am-Xm-hmbn sXsc-s-Sp-Xns\ hnain-p-I-bpw, hne-p-I-bp-amWv Cu kq-n-eqsS Amlp sNp--Xv.
Atm hn[n-Zn-hkw hcm t]mIp Imcy-ap-Wnbnv sFln-I-tem-I-p-hsmWp {]tbm-P\sav Nne tNmZn-t-mw. Fm Jp-B {XnIm-e-m-\n-bpsS
{XnImem\-am-Wv. AXn Ign-p-t]m-b-Xpw, \ne-hn-ep--Xpw, hcmt]m-Ip--Xpamb Fm-Im-cy--fp-ap-v. aqn-semv kq- hn[n-Zn-h-ks kanp ap-dnbnp \Ip kq--fm-Wv. Atm ss{IkvX-hcpw Fma\p-jycpw Jp-B\ns
574
JpB\ns Bmhv
Bi-b-n\nv hn[n-Zn-h-ks Ip-sImv hnizmkw cq]-s-Spn Jp-B\ns

hn[n-hn-e-pI ]n]n Pohn-m IS-a-s-n-cn-p-p. \nbw \o AZr-iy--sfmw
Adn-bp k-m\n Xs-b-tm- Fp kqw 109 Fm-{]-hm-N-IamcpsSbpw
adp]Snbm-sW-n, ChnsS Cukm \_n Hp]d-bp adp-]-Sn-bm-Wv. k-n-sbpw
DS-abmb \o am{X-amWp Io-\-n-\pw, ]pI-gv-en-\pw, h-\-n-\pw, ]cn-ip--s-Spen-\pw, kvXpXn--s-Sm\pw Al. \o AXp-ey-\m-Wv, D]-abpw DZm-l-c-W-hp-an-m
CW-Xp-W-bn-m GI-\m-Wv, \o am{X-amWv ]q, Ipw sNm--h, \o am{X-amWv
Bscbpw B{i-bn-m--h, ap--h-scmw \ns B{i-bn-p \ns krn-Ifpw
ASn-a-I-fpam-Wv FsmamWv \o ]cn-ip--\-s{X Fp ]d-Xns hnh-. k_-Av:
41, ae-p-I hn[n-Zn-hkw Am-lp-hn-t\mSv, \o ]cn-ip-, Pnp-If \obmWv RfpsS kwc--I-\pw klm-bnbpsav ]d-bp cwKw hc-p-Im-Wn-n-p-v. ^pJm:
1718, Fm-h-scbpw Hcp-an-p-Iq-p \mfn alm-m-tfmSp Am-lp, \n-fmtWm
Fs Cu ASn-a-Isf hgn-]n-g-n-p-Xv, AtXm Ah kzbw kamK-n \np ]ng-Xm-tWm-sbp tNmZn-p-tm Ah adp]Sn ]d-bp--Xm-Wv: \o ]cn-ip-, Rv
\nsqSmsX thsd kwc--I-sc-tbm, klm-bnIsftbm sXsc-s-Sp- tbmPn-X-. (_Jd: 27-28,3233,234,257, Ben-Cw-dm: 5, amCZ: 105 t\mp-I).
117. \o FtmSp In-n-p--sXm-gnsI Hpw Rm A-h-tcmSp ]d-n-n.
AXm-bXv \n Fsbpw \n-fp-sSbpw DS-a-bmb dn-\p-thn am{Xw
Pohn-p-h-cmhpI. Rm Ah-cnepmbn-cp Ime-tmfw Rm Ahcp-sS-ta AXn\p kmn-bp-am-bncp-p. Fm \o Fs Xncn-p-hn-fn-tm-tgm, Ah-cpsS \nco-I \o Xs Bbn-cp--tm, Atm \o FmIm-cy-pw kmn-bp-a-tm.
_Jd: 234,255,283284, Ben-Cw-dm: 5156, An-km-Av: 1, 155-159 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m
pI.
118. \o Ahsc inn-p-p-sh-n, Atm \nbw Ah \ns ASn-a-If-tm, A \o Ahp s]mdp-p-sIm-Sp-p-p-sh-ntem, \nbw \o
AP--\mb k-{]-Xm-]n-bpw, X{--\mb bpn-m-\nbpw Xsbtm.
\_n (-k) Hcp-Zn-hkw, cm{Xn \a-kvIm-c-n Cu kqw ]qn-bm-m
IgnbmsX dpIq-DI-fpw, kpPq-Zp-Ifpw sNbvXp-sImv t\cw shfp-n-p-I-bp-m-bn. hnhcw
tNmZn--dn A_qZdnt\mSv \_n (k) ]dp: Rm Fs dn-t\mSv Fs D-n\pthn- ip]mip tNmZnp, Atm F\n-Xv Xp, Cim Amlv, BcmtWm
Am-lp-hn Hcp hkvXp-hn-s\bpw ]p-tNm--Xv, Ah-\Xp e`npXm-Wv. Fm
D-n-\p-thn {]mn \_n Juan\p FXn-cm-bnv hn[n-Zn-hkw Jp-B\pw sImphv, Fs \mYm, Fs Cu P\X Cu Jp-B\ns\ Ah-K-Wn--XmWp Chp-h
ZpKXn-sbv A\ymbw t_m[n-n-p cwKw ^pJm: 30 ap-dn-bnv \Inbn-pv. Atm Jp-B Inn-bnp D]-tbm-Kn-msX aqSn-sh-phcmWv kXy-\n-tj-[n-Ifpw, \_nsb If-hm-p--h-cp-sa-mw. \_n-bpsS Juan apkvenw-I am{X-amWv hcn-I,
AamCZ (5)
575
Fm D-n \_nsb \ntbm-Kn-Xp apX Ay-\mh-sc-bp apgp-h a\pjycpw Ds]Sp--Xm-Wv. (_Jd: 38-39,129,213, An-km-Av: 48,116120 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m
pI).
119. Atm Amlp Acp sNpw, kXy-k-amp Ah-cpsS kXy-kX {]tbm-P-\-s-S Zn\-as{X CXv. Ahp Xmgv`m-K--fn-eqsS \ZnI Hgp-In-sIm-n-cn-p kzKq-tm-p-I-fp-v, Ah-c-Xn Fspw
imiz-X-ambn \ne-sIm-p--Xm-Wv. Amlp Ah-sc-sXm-pw, Ah Amlp-hns\smpw Xr]vXn-sp Ign-p. AXs{X al-mb hnP-bw.
kpa: 33, GsXmcp-h-\mtWm "kznZvJv' (k-Xyw) hp-In-p-I-bpw, Ah-\-Xns\
kXy-s-Sp-p-Ibpw sNbvXXv Aq- Xs-bmWv ap-Jo--sf-pw, 32, knZvJv
hp-In-n-bnv AXns\ Xn--d-h Im^n-dpw, A{I-an-bp-am-sWpw ]d-n-p-v.
Ghpw kXy-k--amb h-am\w Am-lp-hns {K-am-Ipp Fv \_n (k) ]Tnn-n-cn-p-p. (An-km-Av: 78,87 hni-Zo-I-cWw Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Xu_: 119 Amlp
]d-bp-p: Hm hniz-kn--h-tc, \n Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-b-n kqn-p-I, \n
Jp-B\ns\ kXy-s-Sp-nb kXy-k-am-cpsS IqsStNcp-Ibpw sNp-I. (ap\m-^nJq: 910, AJzn-bma: 31-32, Alvkm-_v: 35, liv: 8 kq- Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
"Amlp Ah-sc-sXm-pw, Ah Am-lp-hn-s\-sXmpw Xr]vXn-sp'Fv Jp-B-\n
Chn-sS-q-SmsX Xu_: 100, apPm-Zne: 22, _n\: 6 Fo aqv kq--fnepw hn-p
v. IqSmsX A^Pv: 27-30, Amlp Xr]vXn-s-h\m-bpw, Am-lp-hn-s\-sXmv
Xr]vXnsh-\mbpw imn-t\-Snb Bm-th, \o \ns dn-tev Xncn-p-Isbv ]dn-p-v. _Jd: 2,24,41-42, 91,111,140,147-148,186, Ben-Cw-dm: 95, An-km-Av: 13,82, amCZ:
48 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I.
120. BIm-i--fp-sSbpw `qan-bp-sSbpw Ah-bn-ep kI-e-h-kvXp--fp-sSbpw
B[n-]Xyw Am-lp-hn\p am{X-am-Ip-p. Ah Fm-Im-cy-n\pw, Fmh-kvXp--fpsS taenepw Ign-hp--h-\p-am-Ip-p.
_Jd: 2829,284286, An-km-Av: 131-132,174 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Am-lp-th, Rsf \ns {Ks kXy-s-Sp-p--h-cpw, \ns {Kw ]n]t--hn[w ]n]-p--h-cpw Bt-W-ta. Rv \o kzmen-lmb I- sNm
XuôJv \tI-W-ta, Rsf \o \- In-p-I-bpw, Xn -hn-tcm-[n-p-Ibpw sNp-h-cn Ds-Sp-t-W-ta. Rsf \o acn-p-tm apkven-ambn acn-n-p-I-bpw,
k-\--fn tNp-I-bpw, \ns al-mb Imcp-Wyw-sImv, hnP-bn-I-tfm-sSm-w,
]pWym-m--tfm-sSmw kzK-n {]th-in-n-p-Ibpw sNt-W-ta, Hm Icp-W-sN-p-h-cn Ghpw \mbn Icp-W-sN-p--h-t\, Hm BIm-i--fp-sSbpw `qan-bp-sSbpw Ahn-Sb
- n-ep k-hk
- vXp-f
- p-sSbpw DS-ab
- pw, Fm-n\pw Ign-hp k-i
- \pambht\.
--
JpB\ns Bmhv
576
6. A ABw
Cu kqd-nse 138139, 143-144 kq--fn, Nne- Im-en-Isf am apivcnp-I
\njn--ambpw Nne -Im-en-Isf A\p-h-Z-\o-b-ambpw ]cn-KWn-n-cp--Xns\ hnain-n-cn-p
p. AXn\nmWv kqd-n\v A ABw (IpIm-en-I) F -t]cv hn-pXv.
Cu kqd-n-ep-S-\ofw Am-lp-hns A\p-{K-l- ]cm-ain-p--Xn\m ABw
(A-\p-{K-l-) F t]cpw A\z-am-Ip--Xm-Wv. \_n (k)-bpsS am-Po-hn-X-ns
Ah-km-\-L--n-emWv 165 kq--fp Cu kqdv Ah-X-cn-Xv. Amlp Xs
t{ImUo-I-cn-n-p Jp-B-\n BZy-ambn hcp am kqd-mWv A-Bw. H-hWbmbnmWv Cu kqdv Ah-Xcn-n-psXv C_v\p Amkv (d) dntmv sNbvXnp-v. Akvam-Av (d) {]kvXm-hn-p-p: \_n (k) H-I-p-dv khmcn sNp-tm-gmWv
kqd: ABw Ah-X-cn--Xv. Rm\mWv H-I-ns aqp-I-b ]nSn-n-cp--Xv. `mcwsImv HIw Ipg-n-tm-bn, AXns Fp-I s]mp-tam-sbv tXmn. Cu kqdv
Ah-X-cn ApXs \_n (k) AXv FgpXnshn-pIbpw sNbvXp.
Jpssd-in-I-fpsS A{Iaa-\ kln--h-msX Hcp-hn-`mKw hnizm-kn-I- CXn
\Iw l_vi(F-tXym-]y)-bntev lnPvd t]mbn-pmbncpp. \_nv Xmpw XW-epam-bn-cp ]Xv\n JZo-P(d)bpw ]nXr-hy- A_q-m-en_pw ac-W-s-Sp-Ibpw, ùXn-I-amb
Fm B{i-b-fpw \s Hc-h kwPm-X-ambnocpIbpw sNbvXp. P\--fpsS
a\-n ]cn-h\w kw`-hn-m-Xn-cn-m\pw, Ckveman-tev IqSp-X Bfp-I hcpXv XS-bm\pwthn P\-sf Jp-B tInp-Xv XS-bm Jpssd-in-I {ianp-sIm-n-cp-p. AXn-e-h hnP-bn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Cu kml-N-cyn-emWv aZo-\bnse Hukv, JkvdPv tKm{Xfn-se GXm\pw t] a-bn hcnIbpw \_n (k)bpambn kwkm-cn--tijw Ckvemw kzoI-cn-p-Ibpw sNbvX Xv. Ah aZo-\-bn Xncnsn Ckvemw {]N-cn-nm\pw XpS-n.
inns\ JWvUnpIbpw XuloZv m]np-Ibp-am-Wv Cu kqd-n {][m\
ambpw sNbvXn-cn-p-Xv. ]c-temI hnizm-k-ns A\n-hm-cyX, ]c-temI Pohn-X-nte-p Irjn-bn-Sa
- mWv Cl-tem-Is
- av m]n-, A-hn-izm-k
- sf \nm\w
sNbvXv [man-Im-Sn-m-\-n-ep hnizm-kn-I-fpsS kaq-ls sIn-Sp-, \_n (k)sbpdnpw Jp-B-s\-p-dn-p-ap Btcm]W-p adp-]-Sn, {]t_m-[\w th{X
êh-mbn ImWm-Xn A\p-bm-bn-Ipmb Akz--Xbn Ahsc kam[m\n-n, FXn-cm-fn-Ifmb \ntj-[n-I-fp-sS [mjvSy-s-p-dnp D]-tZ-i-w, XmoXv
òj-Wn Fo Imcy-fmWv {][m\ambpw Cu kqdn {]Xn-]m-Zn-n-p--Xv.
Jp-B-s\-p-dnv Ghpw IqSp-X {]Xn-]m-Zn-n-p kqd-p-Iq-Sn-bmWv CXv.
temIn\v samw XmoXv \Im Ah-X-cn-n-p Jp-B-\pw Am-lp-hpamWv
Ghpw henb kmn-sbv kqw 19 ]d-n-np-v. Jp-B, kzbw Xnp-Ibpw
ABw (6)
577
ap--hsc XomXn-cn-p-Ibpw sNbvXm ap--h-cpsS in-IqSn hln-t-n-h-cp-sav

26epw, Ah \ns-b If-hm-p--Xv, Am-lp-hns Bb-p-I-tfm-SWv Cu A{I-anIv hntcm-[-sav 33epw ]d-n-p-v. Jp-B tIp Bfp-I am{Xta \n\v
adp-]Sn \Ip-I-bp-q, acn--hsc Amlp ]p\Po-hn-nv Ah-\n-tev aS-p--XmsWv 36epw, Jp-B\n Fm-Im-cy-fpw tcJ-s-Sp-m-Xn-cp-n-n-m-sbv 38epw,
Jp-B kq-sf Xn--dbp [nm-cn-Isf in _m[n-pIXs sNp-sav
49epw ]d-n-p-v. ]Xn-s\v {]hm-N-Iam-cpsS t]sc-Spv ]cm-aintijw
Ahsmw \Inb kmKw Hp-X-s-bm-sW-pw, AXv k-tem-Ip-ap
A\p-kva-c-W-amb Jp-B Xs-bmWv Fv 90epw, Jp-B a\p-jyv X-fpsS
\mY-\n\np Dm-gvN-Zm-b-I-am-sW-pw, AXv D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-n-bm AXns
KpWw B \^vkn\v Xs-bm-Wv, AXn-t\mSv AX \Sn-m AXns tZmjw Ahv
-X-s-bm-Wv Fv 104epw DWn-bn-p-v. 112, a\p-jy-cnepw Pnp-I-fnepw ]nim-Npfps-pw, Ah Fm-\-_n-ampw i{Xp--fm-sWpw, 116, `qan-bn A[n-I-t]scbpw A\p-k-cn-m Ah \ns Am-lp-hns hgn-bn\nv ]ng-npIf-bp-sapw
]d-n-p-v. 122, Jp-B-\m-Ip {]Imiw ]n]p-h am{Xta Poh-\p-ffhcm-hpIbpq F-pw Am-h
- BmhnmsX Ccp-p-If
- n Xn-S- b
- phcm-sWpw, 126,
Jp-B-\mWv \ns dn--te-p ]mew Fpw, 130, Jp-B Inn-bnv ]n]-m
- h hn[n- Z n- h kw, Ahchs- X n- c m- b nv kzbw "Rm Im^n- d m- b n- c pp' Fv
kmywhln-p-XmWv Fpw ]d-n-p-v. 145, Am-lp-hn-\-m--hv t\bmbn \on-sh km[-\--fpw, ]n-amw-khpw Im]-Sy-ap-f-hm-p-Xpw amen-\y-hp-amsWpw, 149, Amlp Dt-in-n-cp-s-n Fm-hpw kamKw sImSp-p-am-bncp-p. kamK-amb Jp-B-\ns\ Ah-c-hv A\p-Iq-e-ambn hmZn-p--hn-[-n D]tbm-K-s-Sp-p-hv hnP-bn-m-sa-pw, Am--h ]cm-Pbs-Spsapw ]d-n-pv.
A\p-{K-lo-X-amb Cu Jp-B-\n-d-n-bXv \mam-sW-pw, Atm \n AXp ]n]-pI-bpw, Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-b-n kqn-p-Ibpw sNp-I, Fm \n A\p-{K-ln
st-m-sav 155epw, \n-fpsS \mY-\n\np sXfn-hpw, kamKhpw ImcpWy-hp-amb Jp-B\ns\ Xn--d-bp-I-bpw, AXn-\-smv ]nn-cn-bp-Ibpw sNbvX-hp
Xn-tb-dnb {]Xn-êw \Ip-sav 157epw, X-fpsS Zo\n `nnp hnhn[ kwLS\I-fm-bnamdn-bh
- c
- p-ambn apl-Zv \_npw hnizm-knpw bmsXmcp _-hp-an-sv 159epw,
Hmtcm \^vkpw Ah-c-hpthn km-Zn-t--Xpv, `mcw hln-p Hcmfpw asmcm-fpsS `mcw hln-p-I-bn-sv 164epw ]d-n-p-v.
1.
BIm-i--sfbpw `qan--sbbpw krjvSn Am-lp-hn-\m-Ipp k-kvXp

Xnbpw, Ah A-Im-cfpw (C-cp-p-If
- pw) {]Im-ih
- p-ap-mn. ]nsbpw
\ntj-[n-I X-fpsS \mY\v ]Icw shp--h-cm-bncn-pp.
"k-kvXp-Xnbpw Am-lp-h-n\mWv' F]Z-n Bcw-`n-p 4 kqd-p-I-fn

Hm-Wn-Xv. AI-lv^v, ^mXzn, k_-Av Fn-h-bmWv ap aqv -kq-d-p-I. Ccpv
F-Xns _lp-h-N-\-amb "fpep-amv' F ]ZamWv kq-n D]-tbm-Kn-n-p--Xv.
Fm {]Imiw F-Xns _lp-h-N-\-amb "Ahm' D]-tbm-Kn-n-. \q ({]-Im-iw)
AmlphmsWv kqd: Aq: 35-epw, "\q' Jp-B-\m-sWv amCZ: 15-16epw ]dnp-v. Am-lp-hn-te-p hgn, Jp-B\ns hgn (ABw: 126) -am-{X-am-sW-pw,
578
JpB\ns Bmhv
ap-- hgn-I-sfmw AYhm Bbn-c-n sXmm-bn-cn sXmq-n-sbm-Xv hgn-Ifpw

]nim-NntXpw \c-I-n-tev ASp-n-p--Xp-am-Wv. \nbw CXmWv t\sc-sNm-sbp amKw, Atm AXv \n ]n]-p-I. B amK-n\nv `nn--h-cpsS
amK- ]n]-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-I Fv kqw 153- Amlp ]d-bpp. Amlp-hns Cu GI amK-n-\p-]-Icw ap amK- Is-n-b-h \ntj-[n-IfmIpp.
C_vdm-low: 1, Cu Jp-B-\m-Ip {Kand-n-bXv P\-sf AXp-sImv Ccpp-Ifn\nv {]Im-i-n-tev Ah-c-h-cpsS DS-a-bmb \mYs kXtm-Sp-IqSn ]pd-s-Sphn-n-m-\m-sWv ]d-n-p-v. Ah-c-h-cpsS \mYs k-X-tm-Sp-IqSn Fp-]-dXn\npw ASn-a-I Hmtcm-cp-cpw kamKw DS-a-tbmSv tNmZn-p-hm--W-sa-v
a\-n-em-t--XmWv. AK-m_p: 2, Ah Amlp Xs-bmWv \n-sf-m-hscbpw krn--Xv, \n-fn \ntj-[n-bp-v, \n-fn hnizm-kn-bp-ap-v, \n-sfmhcpw
{]hn-p-Xv Amlp kZm hon-p-sIm-n-cn-p-h
- \
- m-Wv Fp]d-n-p-v. Cs\-sbms- hni-Zo-I-cn-npw, \ntj-[n-I X-fpsS DS-av ]Icw shphcpw DS-abpsS Imcy-n \oXn-]m-en-m \n-sI- Im^n-dp-Ifpam-sW-mWv Amlp ]d-bpXv. ^mnl: 1, _Jd: 39,165-167,213, Ben-Cw-dm: 10, An-km-Av: 174-175 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I.
Amlpth Rsf \o, \ns GI-\mbn AwKo-Ic
- n-p aph-lvln-Zo-f
- pw, \ns
kvacn-p--h-cpw, \n\v \n {]I-Sn-n-p--h-cp-am-tWta.
2.
Ah-\mWv \nsf Ifn-a

- n\nv krjvSn-X
- v. ]ns Ah \nsmcp
Ah[n \n-bn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. AhsbSp- n]-vX-amb asmcp
Ah-[n-bp-ap-v. Fm ]nsbpw \n kwi-bnp-sIm-tbncnpp.
`qan-bpsS LS-IfS-nbXmWv a\p-jys icocw. BZy- a-\p-jy\mb BZ-ans\

Amlp ap-sImv krjvSn-p-I-bpw, ]ns a\pjys hwi ]c-c A[a-amb
shns kn \nm-p-Ibpw sNbvXp (kPZ: 79 t\mp-I). amXm-]n-Xm-
an\np-ff ans LS-I--f-S-nb `W ]Zm- `n-p-I-bpw, AXn
\nv c-ap-m-hp-I-bpw, AXn\nv C{nbw cq]-s-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. a\p-jy-i-co-cn amXm-hn-sbpw ]nXm-hn-sbpw C{n-b-p-n-bpsS Awiapv. ]nXm-hns
"kzp_n'\npw, amXm-hns "Xdm-C_n'\npw kvJen-p shw sImmWp
a\p-jys icocw krjvSn-s
- Xp Azmcn-Jv: 57 kq-f
- n ]d-n-p-v. Ckm:
2, \nbw \mw a\p-jys\ BWn-sbpw s]n-sbpw an{in-X-amb C{n-b-n
\nmWv krjvSn--sXv ]d-n-p-v. bYm-n a\p-jys Cu icocw Ah\v
(dq-ln\v) k-cn-m-\p hml-\-am-Wv. \memw amk-n-, ]nXm-hns apXp-In-ep
Cu dqlns\ Amlp ae-ns\smv F-Sp-nv amXm-hns hb-n hnhn[L-
XcWw sNbvX {`qW-n Bhm-ln-n-p-p. AtXm-Sp-IqSnbmWv Ah\v Ne\w XpSpXv. Cu dqlns\ ico-c-n\nv Ducn-sb-Sp-p--Xn-\mWp ac-W-sav ]d-bp-
Xv. AXv Amlp t\cs \n-bn-n-p-smWv kq-n ]d-bp--Xv.
epJvam: 34, Hcmpw GXv `qan-bn-emWv acn-p-I-sbv Adn-bp-I-bn-, \nbw
Amlp AsXmw t\cs \n-bnp Xocp-am-\n-h
- \
- pw, k-\
- p-at- m- Fp]dnp-v. Fm Hmtcm kap-Zm-b-n\pw Hcp n]vX-amb Ah-[n-bp-v. B Ah[n Fnbm
ABw (6)
579
]noSv Hpw apn-p-Itbm ]nn-p-Itbm C Fv bq\pkv: 49-epw, AAvdm^v: 34epw

]d-n-p-v. hn[n-Zn-hkn\p-apv \in-n-p-Itbm As-n ITn-\-amb in-sImv
inn-p-Itbm sNm- Hcp \mSpapm-hp-I-bn-spw AXv {K-n tcJ-s-Spnsh-n-p--Xm-sWpw Ckvdm-Av: 58- ]d-np-v. Cu kq-n asmcp n]vXamb Ah-[nbpapv Fp]d-X
- v, BZy-\m apX Ay-\mhsc-bp apgp-h krjvSnI-sfbpw Hcp-an-p-Iqn hnNm-cW \S-m\p temI-ns Ah-[n-sbp-dn-mWv, AXpw
\nbn-n-p-v. AXp-h-sc-bmWv ]nim-Nn\v Ahkcw sImSp-n-p--sXv AAvdm^v:
14-15, lnPv: 37-38 kq--fn ]d-n-p-v. kpKvdp^v: 67-, Cukm \_n-bpsS
cmw hchv Aya-Wn-q-dns Adn-hm-n-sh-n-cn-p-p. Atm AXns Imcyn
\o kwi-bn-p--h-\m-I-cp-Xv Fp-]-d-n-p-v. kXyw \ns \mY-\n\nv D--Xm-Ip
p, AXv Jp-B-\m-Wv. AXv kan-p bmsXmcp Imcy-nepw \n\v kwibw
]mSn-. Fm kwi-b-fpw Zqco-I-cn-m-\p Dd-p-e-`n-p kXy-amWv Jp-B-s\v
AlmJ: 51- ]d-n-cns Jp-B kan-p GsXm-cp- Im-cy-nepw kwi-bw
shp]pen-bm Ah I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fmb \ntj-[n-IfmbnocpXmWv (ABw: 6061, kpa: 42 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 28,147148, An-km-Av: 1,78-79, amCZ: 114-115
3.
Ah Xs-bmWv BIm-i--fnepw `qan-bnepw Am-lp. \n-fpsS clky-fpw \n-fpsS ]c-kyfpw Ah Adn-bp-p, \n Fsm-sbmWv km-Zn-p-Isbpw Ah Adn-bp-p.
kpKvdp^v: 84- Amlp ]d-bpp: Ah Xs-bmWv BIm-i-pw Cemlv, `qanbnepw Cemlv. Ah bpn-m-\nbpw km-\nbpw Xs-bt- m. hopw Amlp
]d-bpp: Atm Ah-cpsS hmp-I {]hm-NIm \ns Zp:Jnn-t. Ah clky-am-p--Xpw ]c-ky-am-p-Xpw \mw Adn-bp--h Xs-bm-Wv Fv bmko: 76epw, \o AhcpsS-ta Zp:Jnt-, Ah-cpsS KqV-X-{--fn \o a\w-ap-p-Ibpw th
Fv \wev: 70-epw -]-dn-pv. tijw 74- Amlp ]d-bpp: \nbw \ns dv
Ah-cpsS s\p-I-fn aqSn-sh--Xpw Ah shfn-hm-p-Xpw Adn-bp--h Xs-bmIpp. 75, BIm-i--fntem `qan-bntem D HpwXs Hcp hyamb {K-n
tcJ-s-Sp-msX ad-p-InSp-n Fp]d-n-p-v. Hmtcm-cp--cp-sSbpw hn[n hnp-s-pw, B hn[n Hmtcm-cp-cpw Jp-B kan-p DS-asbbpw Ah-scbpw Xncn-dnv Ah-t\mSv ]dv kzKnte-p--Xmn amm {ianWsamWv Cu
kqw ]Tn-n-p--Xv. _Jd: 107,234,255,281,284286, Ben-Cw-dm: 30,136,182,185, An-kmAv: 48-49,80,118,131-132 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
4.
X-fpsS \mY-s kq-fn\np GsXmv Ahv hcp-tmgpw,

AhcXns\ Ah-K-Wn-ph-cm-Im-Xn-cp-n-n-.
bmko: 46 CtX kq-w Bhn-n-p-v. Xzmlm: 99-100, \n\v \mw

\psS "ZnIvdm'lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn-ep Jp-B\ns Bi-bwXn-p-v. BcmtWm
AXn-s\ Ah-K-Wn--Xv, Atm \nbw Ah hn[n-Zn-h-k-\m-fn Ah-s- ]m]`mcw
hln-pIXs sNpw. 101, Ah F{X Zpjn- ]m]-`m-c-amWv hln-pXv Fpw
580
JpB\ns Bmhv
]d-n-pv. Xzmlm: 124-127 kq--fn, Jp-B\ns lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn-ep

Bibw Ah-K-Wn--hv Cl-tem-Iv CSp-nb Pohn-X-hn-`-h-am-Wp--Xv, hn[n-Zn-h-k\m-fn Ahs\ ]p\Po-hn-n-v Hcpan-p-IqpI Ipcp-S\m-bn-m-bncn-psapw, Pnv: 17,
Xs dns kq-sf Ah-K-Wn--hsc, Ah cq-amb in-bntev IS-n-hnSp-Xm-sWpw ]d-n-cn-pp. Ilv^v: 28, BcmtWm Xs lrZb-s Jp-B\ns
Bi-b-n\nv A{i--\mn-b-Xv, Ahs\ \o A\p-k-cn--cp-sXv ]d-n-cn-pp.
Jp-B kq-- Inn-bnv AXns\ Ah-K-Wn-m Ah A{I-an-Ifpw {`mam-cpam-sWpw, Ahv ]ns Jp-B a\-n-em-Im-h
- w Ah-cpsS lrZ-b
- n Amlp
Hcp aqSn-bn-Sp-sapw AAvdm^v: 40-41, Ilv^v: 57, kPZ: 22 kq-fn ]d-n-p-v.
_Jd: 67,18,24,121, An-km-Av: 56, amCZ: 57 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
5.
Atm Cu kXyw Ahv hp-In-n-b-tm-gpw AhcXns\ Xn--dn-cn-pp. AXpsImv GsXmcp Imcy-s-bmtWm Ctm-f-a-h ]cnl-kn-p-sIm-n-cp--Xv, AXns\pdn-p bYm -hrmw ASp-pXs Ahv hpIn-p--Xm-Wv.
ChnsS "lJv' sImp-t-in-p-Xv JpB\m-Wv. CXn\papv temIp hnp Bb-pI-sfmw Jp-B-\n\np-Xv Xs-bm-Wv (_Jd: 2, amCZ: 48 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I). Pohn-X- ta-Je-Ifnsemw Jp-B\ns Bi-bs Xpem-kmbn D]tbm-Kn-t--XmWv. AXp Xs-bmWv Ah-c-h-cpsS kmZyw kzK-n-te-m-tWm,
\c-I-n-te-m-tWm- Fv amp-cv t\m-m-\p Dc--pw. AX\p-k-cnv Ah-c-h-cpsS
hn[n Hmtcm-cp-cpw ChnsSshv Xs Xocp-am\n-t--XmWv (\lv: 64 t\mpI).
Ay-\mfn Jp-B\
- \
- p-kc
- n-mWv Xocp-am\w Iev]n-p-Is
- bv kpa: 69,75 kq-fn
]d-n-p-v. ]t AhnsSshv Xncp-m Ah-k-c-ap-m-bn-cn-p-I-bn- (_Jd: 147,185
hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\m-p-I). lnPvdb
- n-tepw, AXn-\p-tijw aZo-\b
- n ]qh-Wn-bp CkvemanI cmjv{S-n-te-p-amWv Cu kqw kqN\ \Ip--Xv. AXp-t]mse hnizm-kn-I
ChnsS ]cnlmkw tIp-sa-nepw ]c-tem-I--h hnP-bn-I-fpw, \ntj-[n-Isf ]cn-lkn-p--h-cp-am-bn-cn-pw. (_Jd: 212 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I).
6.
Ahpapv F{X-sb{X Xe-ap-d-Isf-bmWv \mw \in-n-n-p--Xv F--h

Innt? \mw \nv \In-bn-n-m A[n-Im-chpw {]Xm]hpw `qanbn Ahv \In-bn-cp-p. Ahv \mw BIm-i-p-\nv \nccw
ag- hjn-n-p-I-bpw Ah-cpsS Xmgv`m-K--fn-eqsS Hgp-Ip \Zn-I Dmp-Ibpw sNbvXp. F-m Ah-cpsSs Ip-Ir-Xy--fpsS ê-ambn
\mw Ahsc \in-np-Ibpw Ahptijw Xm-\v asmcp Xeapdsb \p-h-fn-sm-p-h-cn-Ibpw sNbvXp.
Cu kq-n Ah Innt Fv tNmZn--Xns s]mcp, Ah lrZ-bwsImv a\nem-n-bn-n-t- F-m-Wv (k-PZ: 26 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). F{X-sb{X Xe-ap-d-Isf-bmWv Ahpapv \mw \in-n-n-p--Xv, Ah Ch-tc-m {]uVnbpw {]Xm-]-hpsa-m-ap iam-cm-bn-cp-p. (in h-tm) Ah \mSp-\osf ]cw]mp, Ahv h A`-b-m-\hpw Inntbm? Fv Jm^v: 36epw, BZv kap-Zmbw \ymbw IqSmsX
ABw (6)
581
`qan-bn Al--cn-p, Ah Al-m-c-tmsS tNmZnpIbpw sNbvXp: R-tf-m

iam-cmbn Bcpv? Ahsc krjvSn Amlp Ah-tc-m i-\m-sW-v Ah
a\-n-em-p-n-stbm? Ah \psS kq--tfmSv hntcm[wshv Xn-p--h-cmbn-cp-p Fv ^pn-e-v: 15epw ]d-n-p-v (bq\p-kv: 42-44, Adqw: 9, lZoZv: 20,
ZpJm: 25-26 Iqn-hm-bn-pI). lv: 46, Ah `qan-bn k-cnpt\mn-bn-n-t,
AtXm Ahv Nnn-m-\p lrZ-b--fn-t, As-n tIm-\p sNhn-I-fn-t,
A; \nbw AhcpsS Ip-I A-X, adnv s\pIfpsS D-n-ep lrZ-bmWv Fp]d-bp-p. Cu kq-n\nv ImgvN-bnepw tIhn-bnepw lrZbhpw ]s-Sp-p-s-sv a\-n-em-mw.
hnhn[ Ime-L---fn \in-n--s \mSp-I-fn k-cn-p-I-bpw, AhcpsS Ahin-jvS--fn\nv ]mTw At\z-jn--dnv ]Tn-p-I-bpw, lrZbwsImv Nnnv BtemNnp ]Tn-p-Ibpw thW-sa-mWv Amlp Iev]n-p--Xv. ]qnIv Cp-h-tcm {]Xm-]-hpw inbpw \In-bn-p-m-bn-cpp Fv Ah-cpsS Ah-in-jvS- ]cntim-[n-p-tm a\-n-em-mhp--Xm-Wv. YaqZv P\X ]md- Xp-cpsImv dqap-I-fpw,
lmfp-Ifpw \nan-n-cp--Xmbn ImWmw. _n.kn. 5000\papv Pohnn-cp tamlP-Zmtcm,-lmc Fn-hn-S--fnse P\X, Ipfn-apdn-I-fpw Agp-pNm-ep-I-fpw Iq-kp-Ifpw \nnn-cp-Xmbn Isn-bn-p-v. AXp-t]mse _n.kn. 2000 Pohn-n-cp P\X, BbncW-n\v S `mc-ap ]md--p-IsImv Adp-]Xpw Fgp-]Xpw ASn Db-cfp
sIn-S m]n-n-pXv Ata-cn--bnepw apw Cpw ImWmw. s{Ibn-\n-m Am
ev BcmWv Acw \nnXnI Dmn-bXv? B[p-\nI temI-n\v XmPva-l
t]mep Hcp ancapm-m km[n-m-Xv sImm-Wtm AXv temI-nse Ggv
Ap-X--fn Hmbn \ne-sIm-p--Xv. Atm B[p-\nI P\X Ah-cpsS imkv{Xob
]ptcm-K-Xn-bn A`n-am-\nv Al--cn--cp-sX-pw, Amlphns apn hn\o-X-cmI-Wsa-pw, Jp-BsImv am{Xta {]uV-cm-Imhq FpamWv Amlp ]Tn-n-p--Xv.
JpB (l-Jv) CmsX Al--cn-m Ahsc Jp-B-\n\nv ]nn-cn-nv If-bpsav
AAvdm^v: 146 ]d-n-p-v. Ben-Cw-dm: 79, An-km-Av: 82,131-133, amCZ: 65-66
t\mpI.
7.
Hm {]hm-N-Im, \n\v \mw IS-em-kn Fgp-X-s Hcp {K-an-d-n--cn-I

bpw, Ah Ah-cpsS ssIIsImv AXv sXmpt\m-p-Ibpw sNbvXm
t]mepw, \ntj-[n-I-fm-bn-p--h ]d-bp-I-Xs sNpw: \nbw CXv hyamb amc-W-a-msX (B-`n-Nm-cw) asm-p-a- F-v.
Ckvdm-Av: 93, amapivcnp-I Rv hmbn-m ]p Hcp Xpd {Kw

sImp-h-cmsX R \ns BIm-im-tcm-l-W-n-tem, {km-hpambp IqSn-m-gvNbntem hniz-kn-p-I-bn- Fp]d-bp--Xmbn ImWmw. ^pJm: 32, \ntj[n-I
tNmZn-p--Xmbn ]d-bpp: FmWv apl-Zv \_nv Cu Jp-B Hcp-anp H {Kambn Ah-X-cn--s-Sm--Xv? A-Bw: 91, a\p-jysmw {]Im-ihpw amKZi-\hp-ambn aqkm sImp-h--Xpw, \n IS-em-kp-I-fn-emn A]w shfn-s-Sp-p-I-bpw
Gsd Hfn-npshp-Ibpw sNp--, \npw \n-fpsS ]q]nXm-pw Inn-bnn-m AdnhpI \nsf ]Tn-n-p--Xp-amb B {Kw Ah-X-cnn-Xv Bcm-Ipp
582
JpB\ns Bmhv
\o Ah-tcmSv ]dbp-Ibpw sNp-I: Am-lp Xs-bm-Wv. ]ns Ahsc Ah-cpsS ]cnlm-k-n hnl-cn-m hntpI Fp]d-bp-p. Atm As \ntj-[n-I
t{ImUo-I-cn--s Hcp-{Kw Bh-iysn-cp-p, Fm AXv \In-bmepw Ah-cXn hnizknp-I-tbm D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p-I-tbm-bn- F-mWv {XnIm-e-m-\n-bmb
Amlp ]d-bp--Xv. Fm Cs \ntj-[n-Ism-hpw {Kw Innbn-p-v,
AXns icocw Ah Xnpp-ap-v, ]t kq--fpsS Bi-b-a-dn-bm- {ian-m-Xn-\m Ah Fm-cw-Kpw, PpapA: 5 ]cm-ain {K-sv Npa-p- Igp-XtbmSv
D-]-an PqX-tc-fpw A[:]Xn-n-cn-p--Xmbn ImWmw. Ch Cs\ A[:]Xn-m
Imc-Ww Jp-B-\msWv sXn--cnv Jp-B Inm CXcP\fpw AXns\ ]cn-Nbs-Sm {ianp-pan-.
Jkzkv: 48-, \n\np kXyw Ahv hp-In-n-b-tm \ntj-[n-I
\_n-tbmSv tNmZnp: aqkmv \In-b-Xp-t]m-eph (Zn-hym-p-X-) FmWv \_nv
\I-s-Sm-sXv. Fm apv aqkmv \I-s--Xns\ Ah \ntj-[n-n-n-stbm?
Ah ]dp: Jp-B\pw Xudmpw ]c-kv]cw klm-bn-p cv amc-W--fm-Wv.
Ah {]Jym-]n-p-Ibpw sNbvXp: Fm {K-sbpw R \ntj-[n-p-Ibpw sNpp.
49, Ah-tcmSv ]d-bm \_n-tbmSv Iev]n-pp: \n kXyw ]d-bp--h-cm-sW-n
Ch cn-t\-m kamKw \Ip Hcp {Kw sImp-h-cn-I, Atm Rm\-Xns\
]n]-p--Xm-Wv. 50-, Fm Ah \n\v adp-]Sn \Ip-n-s-n \o Adn-ncn-p-I, Atm Ah Ah-cpsS Cm-\n-
- f
- mWv ]n]-p-X
- v. Am-lp-hn \np
kamKw IqSmsX Xs tZtl ]n]-p--h-t\-m hgn-]n-g--h BcmWv? \nbw
Ccw A{I-an-I-fmb Hcp P\-Xsb Amlp kamK-n-te-m-p-I-bnXs Fp]-d-n-p-v. \ntj-[n-I Jp-B hy-amb amc-W-amsX asm-p-a Fp-]-d-bpp, Fm hnizm-kn-I AXns\ hy-amb A\p-kva-c-Whpw Imcp-Wyhpw Dm-gvNZm-b-I-hpw Xpem-kpw tcmK-i-a-\hpambn D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p--Xm-Wv (Alv: 25-26 Iqnhm-bn-p-I). Ckvdm-Av: 47- Amlp ]d-bpp: Ah- \ns kwkmcw sNhnsImSpv
tIp-tm bYm-n FmWv tIp--sX-pw ]c-kv]cw cl-ky-kw-`m-jW-n Ipip-Ip-ip-p--sX-m-sWpw, \n ]n]-p-Xv B`n-Nmcw _m[n Hcp
a\p-jys\bmsXb Fv Cu A{I-an-I ]-d-bp-Xpw \-apv Xs \mbn Adnbmw.
_Jd: 2,5,38-39,120121,254, Ben-Cw-dm: 58,138, An-km-Av: 85,174-175, amCZ: 44,51 hni-ZoI-cWw t\mp-I.8.
Ah tNmZn-p-Ibpw sNp-p: Cu {]hm-N-I\v FmWv Hcp aev Cds-Sm-Xv? ae-n-s\ \mw Cd-n-bn-cppsh-n Imcyw CXn\papt Xocpam-\n--sv Ign-t-s\. ]no-S-hv Hc-h-k-chpw e`n-p-am-bn-cp-n-.
9.
\mw At-ls Hcp aemn-bn-cp-psh-n Atmgpw (a\p-jy-cq]n)]pcp-j-\mpIXs sNpam-bn-cp-p. As\ Ctm AI-s-np kwi-b-n Ahsc \mw Atmgpw AI-s-Sp-pIXs- sN-pw.
{]hm-N-Iam-cmbn \ntbm-KnsSp-h a\p-jy-cpsS kz`m-h-n--Xo-X-am-bp-h-cpw ae-p-I-fpsS kz`m-h-ap--h-cp-am-bn-cn-psamWv, Fm Ime-pap aqVam-
ABw (6)
583
cmb P\-fpsS [mcW. Ahsc P\- Is-dn-bmt\m iIm-cn-mt\m ]mSn Fpw

Ahv hnNmc hnIm-c-tfm hnitm Zml-tam tcmK-tfm ap Xn-Itfm Hpw
_m[n-m ]mSn Fpam-bn-cpp Ah [cn-n-cpXv. Cs apkvenfpsS
AnbmHuen-bm-fn-ep hnizmkhpw CtX- cq-]-n-em-sWv ImWmw. Jp-B\ns
Bi-b-n\nv {]hm-N-Iamsc ]cn-N-b-s-Sm--XmWv CXn\v Imc-Ww. apivcnp-IfpsSbpw \ntj-[n-I-fp-sSbpsamw hnizm-khpw kz`m-hhpw a\-n-emn hn-m-\pw,
hnizm-kn-I-fp-sSbpw hnPbwhcn-p--hcp-sSbpw kz`m-h- kzoIcn-m-\pw ]n]-m\pw
Jp-B\ns Bibw \n_--am-Wv. ae-p-Isf Cd-p--Xv, hyn-I-fpsS dqlns\
]nSn-m-t\m (k-PZ: 11) As-n Hcp P\-Xsb H-Sw \in-n-mt\m BWv. AXpsIm-mWv Ccw {`mam: ae-p-Isf ImWpZn\w Rv ImtW-, ae-p
Ipw Rp-an-S-bn ImWm-smcp ad-bp-mbncp-s-n Fv hne-]n-psav
^pJm: 21-22 ap-dn-bnv \InbnpXv. (An-km-Av: 97, A-Bw: 93, AAvdm^v:
37, Alv: 28, ^pJm: 79,20 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
kmenlv \_nsb ]n YaqZv P\X tNmZn--Xmbn Ja: 24- Amlp ]d-bpp:
\n \np Hcp a\p-jy-s\-bmtWm \mw ]n]-tXv? A-s\-bm-bm \nbw
\mw, hgn-tI-Sn-epw, _pn-{`wiw ]n-b-hcpw Xs-bm-bn-cn-pw. Ckvdm-Av: 94-95 Amlp
tNmZn-pp: a\p-jyv kamKw (Jp-B) hp-In-n-b-tm, Amlp Hcp a\pjys\ ZqX-\mbn -\ntbm-Kn-n-cn-pp F hmZa-msX as-mWv AhcXn hniz-knp-Xn\nv XS-Xvv? \_ntb ]d-bpI: `qan-bn im-cmbn Ncn-p ae-p-IfmWv
Dm-bncpsX-n Xo-bmbpw \mw Ah-cp-sS-ta BIm-i-p-\npw ae-ns\s
{]hm-N-I-\mbn Ab-p-am-bn-cp-p. hnNm-c-W-p-tijw \ntj-[n-Isf \c-I-n-tev sXfn-s-Sp cwKw kpa: 71- hnh-cn-p-Xv C-s\-bmWv: As\ Ah \c-I-ns
ASp-s-p-Ibpw hmXn Xpd--s-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXm AXns ]mdm-hp-Im Ah-tcmSv
tNmZnpw: \nv \n-fpsS \mYs kq- hni-Zo-I-cnpXcn-I-bpw, Cs\
Hcp \mfns\ Ip-ap--W-sav \n-tfmSv ap-dn-bnv \Ip-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp \nfn\np Am-lp-hns ZqXam hn-p-m-bn-cp-nt? Ah adp-]Sn ]dbpw:
AsX; hn-cp-p. Fm Im^n-dmb R-fp-sS-ta inm hN\w _m[-I-am-bn.
im-cmbn Ncn-p ae-p-I FXns hnh-, aep-I-sfmw hnizm-kn-Ifpw Ipw
sNm--h-cp-am-Wv. Xlvcow: 6 ae-p-Isf ]n Amlp ]d-bpp: Ah Am-lphns Iev]-\-I [n-cn-p-I-bn-, Ah-tcmSv Iev]n--s--sX-tm, AXv {]hn-p-h-cp-amWv. a\p-jyv ae-p-I-fpsS B kz`mhw e`nWsa-n Jp-B-\ns
Bibnep PohnXw \bn-t--Xp-v. JpB-\n Ah-Km-l-ap--h ]pWym-m-fmb ae-p-I-tfm-sSm--am-Wv Ncn-p--sXv \_n (k) ]Tn-nnp-v. JpB-\ns
Bi-bw-sImv Bm-hn\v imn e`n-p-sav dAvZv: 2728 hni-Zo-I-c-W-n ImWmw.
kzX{c-cmb a\p-jypw Pnp-Ipw Jp-B-\ns Bi-bw-sImv Am-lp-hns
{]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmbn Pohn-pI hgn ae-p-I-tf-m Db m\w t\Sm-hp--Xm-Wv.
ae-p-I-fn\npw {]hm-N-Iamsc Amlp sXsc-s-Sp-p-p-sp lv:
75 ]d-n-p-v. {]hm-N-Iamcmbnv ]pcp-jam-sc-b-msX \ntbm-Kn-n-n-sv
Alv: 43-epw, Anbm-Av: 7epw ]d-n-p-v. Cukm \_nsbpdnv ktm-jhm-b-dn-bn-mthn Pn_vco a\p-jy-cq-]-n-emWv adn-b-ans ASppsN-sXv
584
JpB\ns Bmhv
adnbw: 17 ]d-n-p-v. eqv \_n-bpsS P\-Xsb \in-n-m thn \ntbm-Kns ae-p-I kpap-Jam-cmb cp bphm--fm-bn-mWv C_vdmlow \_n-bp-sSbpw
eqv \_n-bpsSbpw ASppsN-sXv lqZv: 6981-, Amcn-bmv: 24-34 kq--fn
\npw a\-n-em-m-hp--Xm-Wv. aqkm \_nv {]tXy-I-amb Adnhv ]Tn-n-mthn
\ntbm-Kn--s "Jnfvdpw' ae-mbncpp Fv Ilv^v: 80, adn-bw: 64 kq--fn\npw
a\-n-em-mw. _Jd: 30-33,98,159-162,285, Ben-Cw-dm: 20-21, An-km-Av: 136 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mpI.
10.
\nbw, \n\v app {]hm-N-Iamcpw ]cn-l-kn--s-n-p-v. Atm

GsXmcp bmYmyspdn-m-bn-cp-pthm Ah ]cn-l-kn-psImncp--Xv, B bmYmywXs Ah-cn kw`-hn-p-I-bp-m-bn.
Anbm-Av: 41epw CtX kqw Bhn-n-p-v. Alv: 33-34 Amlp

]d-bpp: ae-p-IXs t\cnphcn-Itbm As-n \ns dns Iev]\ hsp-Itbm F-msX C\nbh FmWv Imn-cn-p-Xv? Chpapp Bfp-Ifpw
A{]-Imcw {]hn-n-p-v. Amlp Ah-tcmSv A{Iaw ImWn-n-n-, Fm Ah
kz-tmSv Xs-bmWv A{Iaw ImWn-n-cp--Xv. AhcpsS {]h-\--fpsS Zpjvê- HSp-hn Ahsc _m[n-p, Ah ]cn-l-kn-n-cpXv Fv insbpdn-m-bncppthm, AXpXs Ah-cn B]-Xn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. \qlv \_n-sbbpw, IpSpw-_n \np hnizm-kn-I-sfbpw, ap apgp-h hnizm-kn-Isfbpw I-en Ibn cnp-I-bpw, I-ep-m-n-b-tm ]cn-l-kn-n-cp \qlv \_n-bpsS aI-\pw `mcy-bpa-Sw
\ntj-[n-Ifmb apgp-h Bfp-I-sfbpw Amlp sh-n apn-sm-pIbpw sNbvXp
(lqZv: 36-49 -t\m-p-I). BZv P\X henb ku[- \nnv Al-m-cn-I-fm-hp-I-bpw,
R-tf-m iam-cmcmWp-sXv kzbw tNmZn-p-I-bpw, lqZv \_nsb Xn-d-bp-Ibpw, lqZv \_n-bpsS Xmo-Xp-Isf ]pnp Xp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ah-km\w Ah
Ggv cm{Xnbpw Fp ]Iepw XpS-bmbn hoip Imn-\m Xqs-dn-b-s-p. Cu\ acw IS-]p-gIn hoW-Xp-t]mse Ahcpw Ah- \nn ku[-fpw \mam-h-ti-j-amsp (lqZv: 60, AlmJ: 7 t\mp-I). YaqZv kap-Zm-b-n\v ZrjvSm--ambn H-Is
\In-bn-cp-p. Fm kmenlv \_nsb Xn--dp If-hm-nb B P\X [mjvSy]qw AXns\ h[n-psImv R B Iw sNbvXp, \o hmKvZm\w sNbvX insImphcn-I- Fv shp-hn-fn-p. As\ kmenlv \_n ]d-p: \n \n-fpsS
hoSp-I-fn aqp-Zn-hkw Xma-kn-p-sIm-pI, AXv If-hm--s-Sm-smcp hmKvZm\-am-Ip
p (lqZv: 65 t\mp-I). lqZv: 67 {]Imcw B P\X Ah-cpsS hoSp-I-fn Xma-kn-n-tbn-s--hw, Hcp tLmc-K\w aptJ\ \in-n--s-p. {]Ir-Xnv hncp--amb
kzhKcXn-bn apgp-Inb eqv P\X Pohn-n-cp \mSns\ Ah-cpsSta Npp-]-gp
aI--I hjn-n-p-sImv Am-lp Iogvta adn-v \in-n hnhcw lqZv: 8083
hni-Zo-I-cn-n-p-v. Afhpw Xqhpw ]qn-bm-p-I, P\--h-cpsS km[-\-
Npcp-m-Xn-cn-p-I, `qan-bn \mi-ap-m-m-Xn-cn-p-I Fv aZvbhmkn-Isf D]-tZ-in
ipsF_v \_nsb Ah ]cn-l-kn-p (lqZv: 87-,91 t\mp-I). lqZv: 94-95-\p-k-cnv B P\Xsb tLmc-K\w aptJ\ Amlp \in-n-p. aqkm \_n-sbbpw Ckvdm-Cu
kXn-I-sfbpw ]oVn-n ^n-Hu-s\bpw {]`rXn-I-sfbpw Amlp IS-en apn-sImp (bq\p-kv: 88-92 t\mp-I). bmko: 30- Amlp ]d-bpp: Fs ASn-a-IfpsS
ABw (6)
585
Imcyw Iw! Ah-cn-tev GsXmcp {]hm-N-I Ftm h-tmgpw At-ls Ah

]cn-l-kn-m-Xn-cp-n-n. _Jd: 14,212, An-km-Av: 140 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
11.
Ah-tcmSv ]dbp-I: \n `qan-bn k-cn-p-Ib

- pw ]ns kXysXn-d--h-cpsS ]cy-h-km-\w F-s\-bm-bn-cp-pshv t\mn-m-Wp-Ibpw
sNpI.
Aw-kv: 11-15 kq--fn, YaqZv kap-Zmbw [nm-c-]qw kmen-lns\ If-hmp-Ibpw H-Is h[n-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. As\ Ah-cpsS ssII-fmXs Ah
inv hnt[-b-cm-bn. AXns ]cn-Wn-Xn- Ah `b-s-Sp--h-cm-bn-cp-n Fp-]-d-bp
p. `qanbn k-cnv ]pcm-X-\m-h-in-jvS-fn\npw, Ncn{X kw`-h-fn\npw
Ipw- tIpw Nnnpw ]mT-apsmW-sa-mWv kqw ]Tn-n-p--Xv. eqv
\_n-bpsS P\X Xma-kn e-v Cv Nmhp-I-S-em-Wv. km{X IqSnb sh-am-b-Xn\m AXn Xmgvp-t]m-hp-I-bn-. kzhKc-Xn-bn apgpIn C{nbw ]pd-m-n-b-h-sc
Nmhp-I-S Hman-n-p-p. ^n-Hus icocw GI-tZiw 2800 sIm-mew kap-{Z-n
kqn Amlp, ]noSv CuPn-]vjy ayqkn--b-n-tev amp-I-bm-Wp-m-b-Xv.
]nmemv Am-lp-hns Ign-hn-\p Hcp ZrjvSm--ambn AXv \ne-sIm-p-p
(bq\p-kv: 91-92 t\mp-I). bq\p-kv: 39-, Ahv Jp-B kq- kan-p-`mhn-{]-h-N-\--sfp-dn-p Adnhv hp-In-m-XpsImv Ch-v app--hsctmse
Chcpw Jp-B-\ns\ Xn--d-bp-p. Atm Ccw A{I-an-I-fpsS ]cy-h-km\w Fs\sbv t\mn-m-Wp-Ibpw sNpI Fp-]-d-n-p-v. Adqw: 42- Amlp \_ntbmSv ]dbm Iev ] n- pp: \n `qan- b n k- c n- p- t \m- p- I , \nv
apphcpsS ]cy-h-km\w F-s\-bm-bn-cp-sv t\mn-m-Wp-Ibpw sNpI. Ahcn A[n-I-t]cpw Am-lp-hns A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i--fn ]p-tNp--h Xs-bmbn-cp-p. (AI-_q-v: 20 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I) _Jd: 57, A-Bw: 6 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
12.
Ah-tcmSv tNmZn-p-I: BIm-i--fnepw `qan-bnepap- Fm Hpw Bp-Xm-Wv? ]d-bpI: Am-lp-hn-\p--Xm-sW-v. Ah ImcpWyw Xs

mbn-bmb kz`m-h-ambn tcJ-s-Spn-bn-cn-p-p. Ay\mfn \nsf-sb-m-hscbpw Ah Hcp-an-p-Iq-pIXs sNpwAXns Imcy-n
kwi-b-ta-bn-. BcmtWm kzs \jvS-s-Sp-n-b-Xv, Atm Ah
hniz-kn-p-I-bn-Xs.
BIm-i-`q-an-I-fn-ep--sXmw Bp--Xm-Wv Fv tNmZn-m \ntj-[n-I au\w

Zon-pw. AXp-sIm-mWv Amlphn-\p--XmsWv ]d-bm \_n-tbmSv Iev]npXv. \nfpw Am-lp-hn-\p--Xm-sW-mWv [z\n. Amlp ImcpWyw Ahs mbnbmb kz`m-h-ambn tcJ-s-Spnsh-XpsImmWv \n-fpsS \ntj[hpw [nm-chpw
ImcWw \nsf \in-n-m--Xv. Bm-hns\ Xncn--dn-bp-I-sb Pohn-X-eyw a\n-em-m--h hnizm-kn-I-fm-hp-I-bn- (kpa: 15, Aqd: 45, Xlvcow: 6 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
kz-s Xncn--dn-bmh hnizm-kn-I-fm-hp-I-bn- Fv Cu kqw ]Tn-n-p-p.
Ah-c-hsc Xncn--dn--h hnP-bnp Fpw, Xncn--dn-bm--h- ]cm-P-b-s-p-shpw
Aw-kv: 910 ]d-n-p-v. hnizm-kn-bmhmsX Hcmfpw kzK-n {]th-in-p-I-bn
586
JpB\ns Bmhv
, hnizm-kn-bmhm Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-b-n kqn-t--Xp-v. (_-Jd: 28,152,

Ben-Cw-dm: 191 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI) "]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I' B-sW Ahs kz`m-hw
sImmWv sFln-I-tem-I-n-se-nepw \ntj[nI PohnXw Bkz-Zn--s-sb-v IcpXn
Ahsc btYjvSw Pohn-m hnSp--Xv. \oXn-bp--amb hnNm-c-W-p-thn HcpZn\w
\n-bn-n-p-v. Atm kzs c-s-Sp-t-Xv Ah-ch
- c
- psSXs _m[yXbmWv.
Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n\nv Ah-c-hsc Xncn--dnv, Pohn-X-eyw Xncn--dnv
ChnsS kzKw ]Wn-bp--h-cmWv hnizm-kn-I, Am--h Ah-cpsS \jvS-n\v kzs-b-msX am-scbpw Ipw]d-nv Imcy-an. ^mnl: 2-3, _Jd: 27,121, Ben-Cwdm: 9 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
13.
cm{Xn-bpsS Ccp-n-epw, ]I-ens shfn--nepw \ne-sIm-p--sXmw AhpXmIpp. Ah Fmw- tIp k-t{im-Xmhpw, Fm-a-dn-bp
k-m-\n-bp-a-tm.
Dd-hpw ab--hp-an-m Amlp, ]I-en-em-bmepw cm{Xn-bnem-bm-epw, Ftm

Fhn-sS-shv \n GXp {]hn- sN-bvXmepw ImWp-p-v, Ah-\n\nv BIm-i`q-an-I-fn Fhn-sSbpw Hpw ad-p-\np-n-. {XnIm-e-m-\n-bmb Ah Fmw
hebw sNbvX-h-\pamWv. BIm-i-`q-an-I-fn \S-p--sXmw Cu {K-n (JpB)
tcJ-s-Sp-n-bn-p-ap-v (Xu_: 51, bq\pkv: 61, lqZv: 5, Jkz-kv: 75 lv: 70, k_-Av: 3,
lZo-Zv: 22, A-Km-_p: 11 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 234,255 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
14.
Ah-tcmSv tNmZn-p-I: Rm Am-lp-hns\bmsX am-sc-sb-nepw kwc-I\

- mbn sXc-s-Sp-p-It- bm?Ah BIm-i
- sfbpw `q-an-sbbpw hncnn-pmn-b-h\pw, Fm-hpw `Ww \Ip--h\pw, Bcmepw
`Ww \I-s-Sm--h-\p-amsWn-cn-s. Ah-tcmSv ]d-bpI: \nbw
Rm Ah\v PohmWw sNbvX-h-cn Hm-a-\m-bn-cn--W-sav Iev]n-s-n-cn-p-p, \o Hcn-epw Am-lp-hns A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i--fn
]ptNp--hcn s]pt]m-hp-I-bp-a-cp-Xv.
Am-lp-hn\v kmWw sNbvX-h-cn Hm-a-\m-Im Rm Iev]n--s-n-cnpp Fv kpa: 12 ]d-n-p-v (ABw: 163 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Rm Am-lphns\qSmsX thsd dns\ At\z-jn-p-ItbmAh Fm-hk
- vXp-f
- p-sSbpw DS-abmbncn-s Fv tNmZn-m Fv A-Bw: 164epw, Hm Ahn-th-In-Itf, Am-lp-hn\pthnam{Xw Pohn-p--h-\m-I-cp-sX-mtWm \n FtmSv Iev]n-p--sXv tNmZn-m
Fv kpa: 64epw ]dn-p-v. 65, \nbw \n\-pw \n\p app--hpw Znhyk-tiw \In-bn-p-v, \osbm\pw inv sNbvXm \ns I--sfmw \njvê-am-hp-I-bpw, \o Fmw \-s--h-cn s]pt]mhpI Xs sNp-sa-pw ]d-np-v.
apAvan\q: 88-89 \_n-tbmSv tNmZn-m ]d-bpp: BcpsS In-emWv Fm hkvXp-fp-tSbpw B[n-]-Xy-ap--Xv, Ah\mIs Fm-hpw A`bw sImSp-pp, Aht\m
Bcpw A`bw sImSp-p-p-an-\n hnh-c-ap--h-cm-sW-n (]-d-bp-I). Atm
Ah ]dbpw: Am-lp-hn-m-Wv. hopw tNmZn-pI: Atm F-s\-bmWv \n
adn-am-b-n-e-I-s-Sp-Xv? _Jd: 113,135,186, Ben-Cw-dm: 19,83-85, An-km-Av: 116 hni-
ABw (6)
587
Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
15.
]d-bp-I: \nbw Fs DS-a-bmb \mYs\ [n-cn-pI-bm-sW-n, Hcp

alm-\mfnse in A\p-`-hn-tnhcp-sav Rm `b-s-Spp.
CtX kqw kpa: 13--epw Bhn-n-p-v.
16.
BcmWv kzs B \mfnse in-sbsmv Xncn-p-hn-Xv, Atm

\nbah A\p-{K-ln--s-p. AXpXs-bmWv hy-amb hnPbhpw.
_Jd: 28,213,286, Ben-Cw-dm: 136,185, An-km-Av: 13, amCZ: 119 hni-Zo-I-cWw

t\mp-I.
17.
Amlp \n\ss-nepw Hcp ZpcnXw _m[nn-p-Ib

- m-sW-n, Atm
Ah\msX AXv Zqco-I-cn-p-h\n-. Ah \n\smcp KpWw _m[nn
pI-bm-sW-ntem, Atm-f-h Fm-Im-cy-n\pw Ign-hp k-i-\-tm.
kpa: 38, \ntj-[n-I-tfmSv tNmZn-m- \_n-tbmSv Iev]np-p: \n Amlp-hns\qSmsX hnfnp {]mn-p--hscpdnv \n Nnn-n-ptm? Amlp
F\nsmcp Zpcn-Xapt-in-m Ah-cn Bsc-nepw AXns\ \on-I-f-bp-hcmbn
ptm? Asn Amlp F\n-smcp A\p-{Klapt-in-m AXv ]nSn-p-sh-p
Bsc-nepw Ah-cn-eptm? ]d-bpI \_ntb F\nv Amlp aXn, `cta]nph
`c-ta]n-t-Xv Ah-\n-em-Ip-p. bq\p-kv: 107 Amlp ]d-bp-p: Amlp \n\smcp ZpcnXw _m[nn-p-I-bm-sW-n Ah-\-msX AXv Zqco-I-cn-p-I-bn-, Ah
\n\-smcp KpWw Dt-in-p-I-bm-sW-n Ahs HuZm-cy-n\nv XS-bp--h-cp-an,
AXv (Hu-Zm-cyw) Ahs ASn-a-I-fn Ah-\p-t-in-p--hv \Ip-p. Ah Gsd
s]mdp-p--h\pw Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[n-bp-a-tm. _Jd: 147-148, Ben-Cw-dm: 74, amCZ: 76
hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
18.
Xs Zmkam-cp-sS-ta Ah\v kq-amb A[n-Im-ca

- p-v. Ah bpn-\mb X{-m-\n-bpw, Fmw hebw sNbvX {XnIm-e-m-\n-bp-a-tm.
\bpw Xn-bp-amb Fm- Im-cy-fpw Am-lp-hn \nm-Wv. Am-lp-hns

kvac-W-bn-em-bn-cn-p-tm Xn _m[n-p-I-bn-. _Jd: 234, An-km-Av: 78-79 hniZo-I-cWw t\m-p-I.
19.
Ah-tcmSv tNmZn-p-I: BcpsS kmy-amWv Ghpw hep-Xv? ]d-bp-I:

F\npw \np-an-S-bn Am-lp- kmn-bm-Ip-p. Cu Jp-B
F\nv Znhy-k-t-i-ambn \I-sncn-p-p-AXp-sImv \nsfbpw,
AXv e`n- p- - h scsbmsbpw Rm ap- d n- b nv \Im thn.
Fncns \nbw Am-lp-hn-t\m-sSmw thsd Cem-lp-If
- p-sv \n
kmywhln-p--h Xs-bmtWm? ]d-bp-I: Rm Hcn-epw As\
588
JpB\ns Bmhv
kmyw hln-ph\Xs. ]d-bp-I: \nbw, Ah GI-\mb
Cemlv am{X-am-Ip-p. Xo-bmbpw Rm \nfI-s-n-p ]p-tN
en \nsmw XnIpw hnap-\pw hnc--\p-am-Ip-p.
Ghpw henb kmyw Bcp-tS-Xm-sWv tNmZn-ptm Ah au\w ]menpw,

Atm Am-lp-hn-t-XmsWv \_n-tbmSv ]d-bm Iev]n-p-I-bmWv. F\npw
\np-an-S-bn kmn-bmbn Ah aXn, ]ns \n-sf-bpw, Cu Jp-B Fns-Sp--h-tcbpw ap-dn-bnv \Imthn F\nv Znhy-k-t-i-ambn e`n-n-p Cu
Jp-B\pw kmn-bmbn aXn. \lv: 44 Amlp ]d-bpp: \mw \n\v Cu A\pkva-cWw Ah-X-cn-nXv, a\p-jyv F-mtWm Ah-X-cn-n--s-Xv AXv Ahv
shfn-hm-nsImSpp-Xn-\p-th-n-bpw -A-h Btem-Nnp {]Xn-I-cn-p--h-cm-IpXn\pth-n-bpw. \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v: Jp-B \n\v kmn-bm-Wv, As-n \n\-v
F-Xn kmn-bm-Wv. Jp-B\ns\ Pohn-n-p--hv A\p-Iq-e-am-bpw, Am--hv
(Jp-B\ns\ aqSn-sh-p--hv) {]Xn-Iq-e-ambpw AXv kmyw hln-p--Xm-Wv. lqZv:
17 Amlp ]d-bpp: Ah-\n\np Hcp kmnsb At-l-n\v Xnem-hv
sNbvXpsIm-Sp-p-p-. AXn\papv aqkm-bpsS Camapw Imcp-Wy-hp-amb {K-hp-ap-v (_Jd: 121,140 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). Ckvdm-Av: 96-, {]hm-N-Im Ah-tcmSv ]d-bpI:
F\npw \npanS-bn kmn-bmbn Amlp Xs aXnbmb-h-\m-Wv. \nbw
Ah Ahs ASn-a-Isf hebwsNbvX- {XnIm-e-m-\n-bpw kZm hon-psIm-n-cnp-h
- \
- pa-tm. AI-_q-:v 52- \_n-tbmSv ]d-bm Iev]n-pp: F\npw \npan-S-bn kmn-bmbn Amlp Ghpw aXn-bm-b-h-\m-Ip-p. Ah BIm-i-`q-an-I-fn-ep-sXmw Adn-bp--h-\pam-Ip-p. BcmtWm anYy-bn hniz-kn-p-I-bpw, Am-lp-hns\ \ntj-[n-p-Ibpw sNp--h, Aq- Xs-bmWv Fmw \-s-h. \lv:
2 Amlp ]d-bpp: ae-p-Isf Ahs Iev]-\bn\np dqlpwsImv Ah-\pt-in-p Ahs ASn-a-I-fp-sS-ta Cdp-p. \nbw Rm\-msX \nv Hcp
Cem-lp-an-. Atm \n Fs lrZ-b-n kqn-p-I Fv ap-dn-bnv \Ip-Xn\pthn. An-bm-Av: 25- Amlp ]d-bpp: Rm\-msX thsd Cem-ln
Fv Znhy-ktiw \In-sm-
- msX \n\pappw Hcp {]hmNI-s\bpw \mw Abnn, Atm \n F\npthn am{Xw Pohn-p--h-cm-hp-I. Ilv^v: 110, Amlp
\_n-tbmSv ]d-bm Iev]npp: \nbw, Rm \nsftmse-bp Hcp a\p-jy
am{X-am-Wv. F\np Znhy-k-tiw e`n-ppap-v, \nbw, \n-fpsS Cemlv GI\mb Cemlv am{X-am-Ip-p. Atm BcmtWm X-fpsS DS-a-bmb \mYs\ Ip-ap-m\m-{K-ln---Xv, Ah kI- sNp-I-bpw, Xs DS-a-pthnbp Pohn-Xn Bscbpw ]p-tNm-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sN-s. Fm kq-fpw Ah-X-cn--sn-cn-p-Xpw, Fmw \_n-amcpw hn-p-Xpw Am-lp-hns\ ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-p--Xn\v
thn-bmsWn-cns, Cu Jp-B Inn-bnv Bsc-nepw Am-lp-hn\p]Icw Cemlmtbm DS-a-bmtbm am-sc-sb-nepw kzoI-cn-m Ah apivcnp-I-fpw \c-I-n-te-p-h-cp-am-Wv. ^mnl: 4, _Jd: 99,174-176,255-257, Ben-Cw-dm: 18,70, amCZ: 117 hni-ZoI-cWw t\mp-I.
20.
{Kw \I-s-hcmtcm, Ahv Cu hkvXpX X-fpsS Basf

Adn-bp--Xnep]cn Adn-bp--Xm-Wv. BcmtWm Xsf kzbw \jvSsSp-
ABw (6)
589
n-bXv, Atm Ah hniz-kn-ph-cmhp-I-bn-.

_Jd: 146, A-Bw: 12 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
21.
BcmWv Am-lp-hn-s-ta Iw sIn-a

- v ]d-bp-ht\-m, Asn
Ahs kq- Xn--dv If-hm-n-b-h-t\-m Ghpw henb
A{Ian? \nbw, Ccw A{I-an-I Hcn-epw hnPbwhcn-p-I-bn-
Xs.
AAvdm^v: 37 kam-\m-i-b-ap kq-am-Wv. bq\p-kv: 17, Atm Am-lp-hns-ta Iw- sI-n--a--h-t\-m Asn Ahs kq- Xn--d-bp--h-t\m Ghpw henb A{Ian BcmWv? Ccw {`mam Hcn-epw hnPbwhcn-p-Ibn-Xs Fp-]-d-n-p-v. AI-_q-v: 68, BcmWv Am-lp-hn-sta Iw
sIn-a--h-t\-m Ghpw henb B{Ian, As-n kXyw Ah\v hp-In-n-b-tm
AXns\ Xn--d--h-t\-m Ghpw henb A{I-an, Ccw kXy-\n-tj-[n-Iv
\c-I-n ]mnSw t]msctbm Fp-tNm-Zn-pp (kpa: 32 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). ABw: 93 Amlp tNmZn-p-p: Am-lp-hnsta Iw sIn--a--h-t\-m Asn bYm-n Znhy-k-tiw e`n-msX F\np Znhy-k-tiw Inp-p-v Asn Amlp Ah-X-cn-n-p-Xpt]mse Rm\pw Ah-X-cn-n-p--h-\m-sWv ]d-bp-h-t\-m Ghpw henb B{Ian Bcm-sWv. AYhm Cu JpB Am-lp-hn
\np--X-sn apl-Zv \_n-bmWv Ghpw henb A{I-an. A, Am-lp-hn
\np--Xm-sWn AXp ]n]-m {ian-m--h-cmWv Ghpw henb A{I-anI.
Cv apkvenw kap-Zm-b-nse Jp-B\ns Bibw Adn-nv ]n]-msX aqSn-sh-p hf-sm-Sn-p I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw, Bibw ]Tn-m {ian-msX AXns\ Xn-d-bp km[m-c-W-m-cp-amWv Ghpw henb A{I-an-I. Ah Xs-bmWv Im^n-dp-Ifpw A{I-an-I-fpw [nm-cn-I-fmb sXm-Sn-I-fpw {`mam-cp-sav amCZ: 4445,47 kq-fpsS hni-Zo-I-c-W-n hmbn-p-I. bq\p-kv: 69-70 \_n-tbmSv ]d-bm Iev]n-pp:
\n-bw Am-lp-hn-s-ta Iw-sI-n--av ]d--h hnP-bn-p-I-bn, Cl-tem-I-PohnXw ss\an-jn-I-amb hn`-h-am-Wv, ]ns Ah-cpsS aSw \n-te-m-Wv. ]ns Ah
Jp-B aqSn-sh-p-sIm-n-cp--Xn-\m AXn-I-Tn-\-amb in Ahsc cpNn-n-p--XpamWv. A-Bw: 135, bqkp-^v: 23, Jkz-kv: 37 XpS-nb kq-fpw \nbw Ccw A{Ian-I Hcn-epw hnPbwhcn-p-I-bn-Xs F Bi-b-n-emWv Ah-km-\n-p--Xv.
_Jd: 39,166-167,254, An-km-Av: 56, amCZ: 51,59,67 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
22.
Hcp-\m-fn \mw Ah-sc Fm-h-scbpw Hcp-an-p-Iq-p-I-bpw, ]ns Fs

A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i--fn ]p-tN-h-tcmSv \mw tNmZn-p-Ibpw sNpw:
\n Dd-n-p-sh-n-cp Fs ]m-fn-I- Ctm FhnsS?
23.
Ah Cs\ ]d-bp-sa-msX thsd Ipg-sampw Dm-p-I-bn-Amlp-hmWv kXyw, R-fpsS DS-a-bmb \mYm, R \ns A[n-Im-c-h-Imi--fn ]p-tNp--hcmbn-cp-n.
24.
t\mpI ({]hm-N-Im), Ah Ahs-Xn-cmbns F-s\-bmWv
590
JpB\ns Bmhv
Ifhp]-db
- p-sX-v. Ah sIn-a
-
- p-m-n-bn-cp-s
- Xmw Ah-scsmv
hgn-]n-gpt]mbn-cn-pp.
apAvan: 6976 kq--fn Amlp ]d-bpp: Am-lp-hns kq-tfmSv

hntcm-[w-shv Xnp-h-cn-tev \ns {i-Xn-cn-p-thm, Ah F-s\-bmWv
Jp-B-\n\nv ]nn-cn-n-s-p-sIm-n-cn-p--sX-v. BcmtWm {Ksbpw,
AXpwsImv \mw Ab {]hm-N-Iam-scbpw Xn-dv If-hm-p--Xv, AhcXns
]cn-WnXn Adn-bpIXs sNpw. Ah-cpsS ]nc-Sn-I-fn hne-p-I NmpIbpw,
Ahsc NeIfn Xfv Npp-]-gp sh-w IpSn-npIbpw, ]ns Ahsc \c-I-nenv Xnfnp-Ibpw sNp--Xm-Wv. ]ns AhtcmSv tNmZnpw: Am-lp-hns\qSmsX
\n ]m-fn-I-fmbn hcn-n-cp--h FhnsS? Atm Ah adp-]Sn ]dbpw: Ah
Rsf Hgn-hmntmbn-cn-p-p. A, apv R Ahscsbmpw hnfnv {]mnp
-h-cpam-bn-cp-n-. A{]-Imcw \ntj-[n-Isf Amlp hgn-]n-g-n-v hnSp--Xm-Wv. AXv
\n lJv (Jp-B) IqSmsX `qan-bn Bm-Znv Duw \Sn-n-cp--Xn-\mepw, \n
Jp-B-\ns Imcy-n kwi-bn-p-sIm-n-cp--Xn-\m-ep-am-Wv. Ah-tcmSv ]d-b-s-Sp-Ibpw
sNpw: \n \c-I-p-n {]th-inpsIm-p-I, AXn- \nXy-hm-kn-I-fmbngn-pIq-Sp-Ibpw sNpI. Atm [myw ssIsm-p--hp ]mnSw F{X-Zp`-Kw.
(kpa: 5960,71-72, kzm^mv: 66-70 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). \lv: 86-88 Amlp ]d-bpp:
Am-lp-hns A[n-Im-cm-hI
- m-i
- f
- n ]p-tNp-h X-fpsS ]m-fn-Isf ImWp
\mfn Ah ]dbpw: R-fpsS \mYm, \ns-q-SmsX R hnfnv {]mn-n-cp
R-fpsS ]m-fn-I Cq--cm-Wv. Atm B ]m-fn-I adp-]Sn ]dbpw: \nbw,
\n Iw ]d-bp--h Xs-bm-Ip-p. At-Zn\w Ah Am-lp-hn\v ]cn-]qambn Iog-S-p-I-bpw, Cl-tem-Iv Ah Na-p-m-n-bn-cp--sXmw Ah-sc-smv
hgn- s X- n- t m- h p- I bpw sNp- - X m- W v . kXys aqSn- s h- p- I bpw Am- l p- h ns
amKssmv XS-bp-Ibpw sNbvX Bfp-I-fptm, Ah Cl-tem-I-p-m-n-bncp \mi-n\v ]I-c-ambn Ahv \mw in-p-ta in hn-nv sImSp-p-
Xm-Wv (bq\p-kv: 28-30 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
Jp-B\ns\ Ah-K-Wnv Pohn A{I-an-I kzw ssII-Snp Rm {]hm-N-Is
amKw kzoI-cn-n-cp-s-n F{X \mbncp-t-s\, Jp-B\ns Bibw hp-In-nbnv Fs AXn\nv XS a\p-jy-n-im-Nns\ Rm B-an-{X-ambn kzoI-cn-npmbncpns-n F{X \m-bn-cpt-s\- Fv hne-]n-p-I-bpw, {]hm-NI Jp-B
sImp-h-v, Cu Jp-B-\n\nv lnPvd t]mb-XmWv Chph ZpK-Xn- Fv
A\ymbw t_m[n-n-p-Ibpw sNpsav ^pJm: 27-30epw ap-dn-bnv \In-bn-p-v.
AAvdm^v: 53mw kqw Ah-km-\n-p-Xpw, Ah sIn--a-p-m-n-bn-cp--sXmw
Ah-scsmv hgn-]n-gv t]mbn-cn-p-p F Bi-b-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. _Jd: 154,
ABw: 1,94 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
25.
Ah-cn Nne \ns -{inp tIp--h-cpv. Fm \mw Ah-cpsS

lrZ-b--fn AXv a\-n-em-Im-Xn-cn-m Hcp aqSn-bn-n-cn-p-p, Ah-cpsS
sNhnIfnepw Hcp A-S-p-v. Ah GXp kq- Imepw AXp-sImv
hniz-kn-p-I-bn-. As\ Ah \ns ASp-tphm \ntmSv
ABw (6)
591
Xn-p-Ibpw, \nbw CXv ]qo-I-cpsS ]gpcm-W--f-msX asmp-a- Fv Ccw \ntj-[n-I ]d-bp-Ibpw sNpXm-Wv.
Ckvdm-Av: 45 Amlp ]d-bp-p: \o Jp-Bt\mXptm \ns-bpw, ]c-tem-In hniz-kn-m--h-cp-sS-bp-an-S-bn \mw, ImWm- Hcpad Dm--pXm-Wv. 46
\mw Ah-cpsS lrZ-b--fn AXv a\-n-em-Im-Xn-cn-m Hcp- aq-Sn-bpw Ah-cpsS ImXp-Ifn Hcp A-Spw Dm-n-bn-p-v. Ilv^v: 57epw \mw A{I-an-I-fpsS lrZ-b-n AXv
a\-n-em-Im-Xn-cn-mthn Hcp-aq-Sn-bpw ImXp-If
- n Hc-S
- pw Dm-n-bn-p-sv ]dnp-v. \lv: 24 Amlp ]d-bpp: \n \mY FmWv Cd-n-b-sXv AhtcmSv
tNmZnm Ah ]dbpw: ]qn-I-cpsS ]g-p-cm-W- Fv. ^pJm: 5, \ntj[n-I ]d-bp-Ibpw sNpp: AXv ]qn-I-cpsS sIp-I-Y-I-fm-Wv, AXv Fgp-Xn, cmhnsebpw sshIp-t-chpw At-l-n\v Btcm Xnem-hv sNbvXp-sIm-Sp-pIbpw AXv
Atlw Bhn-p-IbpamWv sNp--Xv. Alv: 2425 Amlp ]d-bpp:
\n-fpsS \mY FmWv Ah-X-cn-n-n-p--sXv Ah-tcmSv tNmZn--s-m Ah
]d-bpw: AXv ]qn-I-cpsS sIp-I-Y-I-fm-sW-v. Ay-\mfn Ah XfpsS ]m]`mcw
]q-ambn hln-p--Xn-\pw, Adn-hn-msX X hgn-]n-g-nv sImn-cn-p P\ns ]m]`mcns Hcp ]pwIqSn hln-p--Xn\pw thn-bs{X C{]-Imcw {]hnp--Xv. t\mp-I: F{X-Zpjn ]m]-`m-c-amWv Cq- Xe-bn-ten smn-cn-p--Xv.
A^m: 31, apAvan\q: 83, \wev: 68 kq- Ah-km-\n-p-Xpw \nbw CXv
]qo-I-cpsS ]gpcm-W--f-msX asm-p-a- F Bi-b-n-emWv. CXv ]qn-IcpsS ]g-p-cm-W-a-msX asmp-a F Bi-b-n-emWv AlvJm-^v: 17 Ah-km-\np--Xv.
Cv Jp-B hln-p hnizm-kn-I-f-m apkven-fpsS NnmK-Xnbpw CXpt]m-se--s-bm-Wv. Ckveman\v hncp--amb Ah-cpsS BNmcm-\p-jvTm-\ NqnmWnv Jp-B kq- D-cnv Ah Xncp--W-sav ]d-bptm Ah-cpsS adp-]Sn:
AsXmw am apivcnp-I-pw, PqX--ss{I-kvX-hpw _m[-I-am-b-h-bmWv. AmsX
\a-kvI-cnv t\m-\p-jvTnv Pohn-p apkvenXv _m[-I-a- Fpw, _Jd: 143
A\p-k-cnv \_nbpsS PohnXw kmyw-h-ln--W-sav ]d-bp-tm, Cm-ev JpB ]n]n \_n-bpsS PohnXw kmy-s-Spn Pohn-m-s\mpw km[y-a- Fpw
Ah adp-]-Sn ]d-bp--Xm-Wv. DZm-l-c-W-ambn \_n-bpsS Ah-km-\-Im-e-v, lnPvd 9mw
hjw Ah-X-cn Xu_: 84-mw kq-a-\p-k-cnv Ah-cn(I-]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifn)\nv
Bcv acn-mepw a-nv \a-kvI-cn--cp-sXv ]d-bp-tm, AsXmw am apivcnp-I-sfp-dnv ]dXmsWmWv Hcp-hn-`m-K-ns adp-]Sn Fn adp-hn-`mKw tNmZn-p-Xv:
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Isf Fs\ Xncn--dnbpw Fm-Wv. Amlp sImp-I-f Ccw
a\pjyn-im-Np- Jp-B-\ns Bi-bs Xpemkpw _kzmCdpw ^pJm-\p-ambn ]cnK-Wn-p-I-bn-. _Jd: 67,99,171, Ben-Cw-dm: 10,138, An-km-Av: 56,63,78, ABw: 7
26.
Ah Jp-B\ns\smv P\-sf XS-bp-I-bpw, AXns\smv kzbw

XS-bp-Ibpw sNpp. \nbw, AXp-hgn Ah kzs-b-msX \innp-n-. Fm AX-h Xncn-dn-bp-pan-.
592
JpB\ns Bmhv
am apivcnp-Iv Jp-B t{ImUo-I-cnsv H {K-ambn e`nn-cp-n-,

Rv hmbn-m Ign-bp Hcp {Kw sImp-h-cp-Xp-hsc, \ns BIm-im-tcmlWhpw Am-lp-hp-am-bp IqSn-mgvNbpw R hniz-kn-p-I-bn FmWh ]dn-cp--Xv Fv Ckvdm-Av: 93- ]d--npv (ABw: 7 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Atm
{K-cq-]-n Jp-B hp-In-n-b-Xn-\p-tijw kzbw D]-tbm-Kn-m-Xn-cn-p-I-bpw ap-hv D]-tbm-Kn-m \Im-Xn-cn-pIbpw sNp--h-scp-dnmWv Cu kq-n
{]Xn-]m-ZnpXv. samw a\p-jyv kmK-hpw (_-Jd: 2,38,185), Dm-gvN-Zm-b-Iamb _kzm-Cdpw (A-Bw: 104, AAvdm^v: 203, Pmknb: 20), X-fpsS DS-a-bn-tev
Fn-s-Sm-\p Snpw (Ckm: 29, Xzml: 3, AlmJ: 48), kXym-kXyhnth-N\
Dc-pw (_Jd: 185, Ben-Cw-dm: 4, ^pJm: 1), sXfn-hpw, {]Im-ihpw (A-n-km-Av:
174), Fm-Im-cy-fpw Xqn-t\m-m-\p Xpemkpw (A-qd: 17) Fm-amb Jp-B,
`qan AXns kp-e-\mh-bn \ne-\nm-\pw, a\p-jy-cpsS sFIyw Dun-bpd-nm\p-ap--Xm-sWn-cns, AXv In In-n-bnv kzbw D]-tbm-Kn-m-Xn-cn-p-I-bpw ap-hv D]-tbm-Kn-m sImSp-m-Xn-cn-pIbpw sNbvXm `qan-bnse Ncm-N-c--fpsS
Io-\-fpw {]m-\Ifpw XSv `qan \in-n--Xn-\p in hln-t-n-h-cpw
(_Jd: 159-161 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Ah-cn\np, Bi-b-a-dnv aqSn-sh-p ap\m-^nJp-I hnNm-c-W-bn-msX \c-I-n t]mIp--h-cm-sWv Ankm-Av: 145- ]d-npv. Jp-B Fm-Wv? Fn-\m-Wv? Fp-sImv? Fsmpw a\-n-em-m
tIhnbpw ImgvNbpw _pn-i
- nbpw D]-tbm-Ks
- -Sp-msX Ip-Im-en-Itfm {]b-- PohnXw \bn-p--h hnNm-c-W-p-tijw \c-I-n-tev sXfn--s-Sp--Xpam-Wv
(AAvdm^v: 179, kp-a: 71 t\mp-I). _Jd: 67,24,99,120-121,254, Ben-Cw-dm: 10,187,
27.
Ah \c-I-ns hn \n-s-Sp cwKw \o ImWp-I-bm-sW-n!

Atm Ah ]d-bpw: Hm R-fpsS \miw, R Hp-IqSn Cl-ntev Xncn--b--s-Sp-I-bpw, R-fpsS \mYs kq- Xn--d-bmXn-cn-p-Ibpw, R hnizm-kn-I-fn Ds-Sp-hcp-am-bn-cp-s-n F{X
\m-bn-cp-ts\.
Cv Jp-B-\ns Bi-bs Ah-K-Wnp-hv ]c-tem-Iv hcmt]m-Ip

cwKw Nqn-m-Wnv \_nsbbpw hnizm-kn-Isfbpw kam-[m-\n-n-p-I-bm-Wv Cu kqn-eq-sS. AAvdm^v: 53, Jp-B\ns\ Ah-K-Wn P\X AXns hrm-- \Sn hcp Zn\w, \nbw R-fpsS dns ZqXam lJv (Jp-B) sIm-mWv
h-Xv, Atm C\n Rv ip]mi sNm ChnsS h ip]mi-m-cp-ap-tm,
As-n R apv {]hn-n-cp--X-m-Xv {]hn-m Ah-kcw e`n-p-Xn-\p-thn sFln-I-tem-I-tv Rsf Hp-IqSn Xncn--b-p-tam-sbv hne-]n-p
cwKw ]d-bp-p-v. apAvan: 11, \c-I-ns hnshv Ah ]d-bpw: R-fpsS
\mYm, R cv {]m-hiyw acn-p, R cp-{]m-hiyw P\np, R R-fpsS
Ip--sfmw Xncn--dn-p, Atm Chn-sS\nv ]pd-p-t]m-Im h -amK-hp-ap-tmsbv tNmZn-p cwKw ap-dn-bnv \In-bn-p-v. kPZ: 12 Cu {`m-am XfpsS \mYs apn Ah-cpsS XeIp-\n-p-\np cwKw \o ImWp-I-bm-sW-n!
Atm Ah ]dbpw: R-fpsS \mYm, R DmgvN Ip (\cIw), R
ABw (6)
593
tIp (A-Xnse tcmZ-\-fpw Cc--ep-I-fpw), Rsf kI- sNp--Xn-\p-thn

sFln-I-tem-I-tv Hp-IqSn Xncn--b-m-epw. \nbw Rv ZrV-t_m-[y-ambn
Fp-]-d-n-p-v. (C_vdm-low: 44-45, kpa: 56-60, Pmknb: 3135, ^mXzn: 37 Iq-n-hmbn-p-I). _Jd: 28, A-Bw: 5,10-11 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
28.
A; apv A-h adpsh-n-cp--sXmw Ahv shfnhm-p--Xm-Wv.

C\n Ahsc sFlnI temI-tv Xncn--b-mXs, Ah-tcm-Sn-tm
FmtWm hntcm-[n-n-p-Xv, AXntev Xsbh aS-pXmWv.
\nbw, Ah \pW]d-bp--h Xs-bm-Ip-p.
]c-tem-Iv hcmt]mIp Fm cwKfpw hni-Zo-I-cn-v sIm-Sp-npw Jp-Bs\ Ah-K-Wnv Pohn-p A{I-an-Iv Av `qan-bn-ep k-kzhpw AtXm-sSmw
A{Xthsdbpw e`n-nv AXp-sImv Ay-\m-fnse Zpjn insbsmv sXw- sNbvXv c-s-Sm-sav hnNm-cn-m AXv \S-p-I-bn-, am{X-a A-h IW-p-Iq-pI
t]mepw sNm clkyImcy- Ahv shfn-hm--s-Sp--Xp-am-Wv Fv kpa:
47epw, Ah km-Zn Fm Xn-Ifpw Ahv shfn-hmnsmSp-pXpw, Ah
GXp- \-S-n-em-Ip--Xns\pdnmtWm Cl-tem-Iv ]cn-l-knv ]pnp Xn-bn-cp-Xv, AsXmw Ah t\cn A\p-`-hn--dn-tbnhcp-Xp-amsWv 48epw ]d-n-p-v
(An-km-Av: 85, kPZ: 20 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). ]c-tem-Iv hcmt]mIp cwK- hniZo-I-cn-p Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-s-smv In\v Hcp aqSn-bp-m-bn-cp \o (Ilv^v:
100-101 t\mp-I) Pohn-X-n A{i-\m-bn-cpp, Ctm \ns ImgvN-bpsS aqSn \mw
FSp-p-am-n-bn-cn-p-p, Ct-Zn\w \osbmw XojvW-ambn t\cn Ip-sIm-p-I-sbv
]d-bp- cwKw Jm^v: 22 ap-dn-bnv \In-bn-p-v. apAvan\q: 99100, As\
Hcmv acWamk--am-bm Ah ]d-bpw: Fs \mYm, Fs Xncn--bmepw, Rm
sNmsX hnpt]m kI- {]hn-p-sIm-m Fs A\p-h-Zn-m-epw, B
hmp-I Ah-\-s\ ]d-p-sIm-n-cn-p-samsX Ahs\ Hcn-epw Xncn--b-pI-bn-. AhcpsS ]nn ]p\P--\m-fp-hsc Hcp _kJv (a-d) Dmbn-cnpw (ap\m^nJq: 10 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 261, Ben-Cw-dm: 91, An-km-Av: 150-151 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mpI.
29.
Ah ]d-bp-Ibpw sNp-p: \psS PohnXsaXv ùXnI Pohn-X-a-msX

asm-p-a-, \mw ]p\Po-hn-n--s-Sm-s\mpw t]mIp-n-.
Ckvdm-Av: 49, Ccw \ntj-[n-I tNmZn-p-Xmbn ]d-bp-p: R Fpw

]pp-ambn amdn-bmepw R ]pXnb krn-If
- mbn ]p\cpo-hn-n-s
- -Sp-satm. 5051,
AhtcmSv ]d-bm Iev]npp: \n ]mdtbm As-n Ccptm Asn \nfpsS lrZ-b--fn ]p-\o-hn-n--s-Sm {]bm-k-apXmbn Icp-Xp GsX-nepw
hkvXpt-hm B-bn-sm-p-I, Fmepw \n ]p\o-hn-n--s-SpIXs sNpw.
bmko: 78, Ah (\n-tj-[n) Ahs krjvSn-ns\ ad-p-sImv \ap-Xm D]-a-I
Na-p-p. acnv ambn FpIsfmw -\p-cpn Ign-m BcmWv hopw Pohn-n-pI-sb-v Ah tNmZn-p-p. 79, BcmtWm BZy {]mhiyw \ns krjvSnv hfnsIm-p-h-Xv, Ah Xs Fv adp-]Sn ]d-bm Amlp Iev]np-p. Ah
594
JpB\ns Bmhv
Fmcw krn-ns\p-dnpw Fm krn-Isfpdn-p-a-dn-bp- k{km-htm.

(bq\p-kv: 52-53, Jm^v: 34, A-Km-_p: 7, k_-Av: 3, apAvan\q: 82-83 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).amCZ: 5760,6468 t\mp-I.
30.
Hm {]hm-N-Im, Chsc X-fpsS \mYsbSp- \n-s-Sp B cwKw

\n\v ImWm Ign-bpI-bm-sW-n! Atcw dv Ah-tcmSv tNmZn-pw:
CXp bmYmy-a-tbm? Ah ]d-bpw: AtX; R-fpsS \mYm, CXv
bYmyw Xs-bm-Ip-p. Atm Amlp ]d-bpw: \n Jp-B
aqSn-sh-psIm-ncphcm-bn-cpXn-\m in cpNn-p-sIm-pI.
AlvJm-^v: 34, Jp-B aqSn-shv Pohn Im^n-dp-Isf \cIntev ASp-np-I-bpw, CXntm kXyw -X-s-bt Fv tNmZn-p-Ibpw sNp Zn\w Ah ]d
bpw: AtX, R-fpsS \mYm, CXv kXyw Xs-bm-Ip-p. Atm Amlp ]d-bpw:
\n Jp-B aqSn-sh-n-cp--h-cm-bn-cp-Xns A\--c-^-e-ambn in cpNn-p-sIm
pI (AAvdm^v: 50-51, Xu_: 35, kpa: 60, apIv: 10-11, ^pn-e-v: 26-28 Iqn-hm-bn-p
I). _Jd: 39,99, Ben-Cw-dm:106, amCZ: 19 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I.
31.
\nbw, Am-lp-hp-ambn Ipap-p-sa Imcyw If-hm-n-b-h \-nem-bn-cn-p-p. As\ B kabw s]sv Ahv hs-n-bm
Ah hne-]n-pw: lm, R-fpsS Iw, Cm-cy-n \mw A{i--cm-b
tm. Ah XfpsS apXp-IpIfn Ah-cpsS ]m]-`mcw hln-p--h-cm
bn-cn-pw. Adn-n-cn-p-I, F{X Zpjn`mc-amWv Ah hln-p-sIm-ncn-p--Xv.
bq\p-kv: 78 kq--fn, \n-b-ambpw \map-ambn Ip-ap-p-sav hniz-kn-m-

h, Zp\n-bm-hnse Pohn-X-n Xr]vXn-s--hcpw AXp-sImv kwXr-]vXn-b-S--h-cp-amWv. \psS kq-sfsmv A{i--cm-b-h-cp--tm, Ah km-Zn-p-sIm-n-cp
\c-Im-n-bn Ah ]Xn-p--Xm-Wv. 15, \map-ambn Ip-ap-p-sav {]Xo-n-m-
h Cu Jp-B Ahv hni-Zo-I-cn-p-sIm-Sp-m CX-m asmcp Jp-B sImph-cm\pw As-n AXn amwhcp-m\pw Bh-iy-s-Sp--Xm-Wv. 45 Amlphns\
Ip-ap-p-sa--Xns\ Xn--d--hcpw If-hm-n-b-hcpw kamKw Inn-bnv D]-tbm-Knm--hcpw PohnXw \-s--h-cm-sWv ]d-n-p-v. ]Xn-\v hbn\v tijap
Pohn-X-ns Hmtcm \nan-j-s-pdnpw DS-a-bpsS apn Dcw ]d-b-W-sa t_m[an-msX Pohn-h
- s
- cmw ]c-tem-I
- n hniz-kn-m \ntj-[n-If
- m-Wv. Ah-cpsS PohnXw
\jvSs
- -n-cn-p-p. Ilv^v: 103 \_n-tbmSv tNmZn-m ]d-bp-p: {]hrn-I ]mgmbn
tmb-h-c-mcm-sWv \mw \nv ]dpXc-stbm? 104, Ah-cpsS Cl-tem-I-p
{]b-Xv\--sfmw hgn-]n-g-n-cn-p-p, Fm-e-h IW-p-Iq-p-p, Ah DXv]m-Zn-npIq-p-Xv kpIr-X--fm-Wv Fv. 105, Aq--cmWv Jp-B kq- aqSn-sh--h
cpw, X--fpsS dns\ Ip-ap-p-Xns\ \ntj-[nv Pohn--h-cpw. Atm Ah-cpsS
{]h-\--sfmw \njv^-e-am-bn, Ahv Jnbm-ap\mfn Xpem-kn Xqw e`np-I-bn- Fp-]-d-n-p-v (Ilv^v: 110, ^pJm: 21-23 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Cin-Jm-Jv:
6, Hm a\p-jy-m, \nbw \o \ns dntev Acn-nv HmSn-sm-n-cn-p-I-bm-Ipp,
ABw (6)
595
Atm \o Ahs\ Ip-ap-pIXs sNpw Fp]d-n-p-v. Aykabw sImp-t-in-p--Xv hyn-Iv ac-W-am-Wv, samw a\p-jyv Ay-Zn-\-hp-am-Wv. Fm
a\p-jycpw Ah-c-h-cpsS I-tcJ ]nc-Snbn hln-p-p-sv Ckvdm-Av: 13 ]dn-p-v. Cu kq-n ]m]-`mcw hln-p \ntj-[nsbpdn-mWv ]cm-aiw.
hnizm-kn-I kI-- A\p-jvTn-p--Xn-\m `mc-an-msX kzK-n-tev IpXnp-I-bmWv sNp-I, ImcWw {]Im-i-am-Ip Jp-B\mbn-cpp Ah-cpsS PohnXns
ASn-m-\w. AI_q-v: 23- Amlp ]d-bpp: BcmtWm Am-lp-hns kq aqSn-sh-p-I-bpw Ahs\ Ip-ap--W-sa hkvXpX \ntj-[n-p-Ibpw sNbvX-Xv,
Aq--cmWv Fs Imcp-Wy-n Bi-b--h. Aq-v thZ-\m-P-\-I-amb in-bpap-v (AAvdm^v: 40,157, kpa: 5560 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 121,186,261, An-km-Av: 85,
ABw: 45,24 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
32.
ùXnI PohnXw Ifnbpw Xam-i-bp-a-msX asm-p-a-, Am-lp-hns\

kqnv Pohn-p--hv ]c-tem-I-`h\w Xsbm-Ipp Ghpw D-aam-bnp--Xv. Atm \n _pn-bp-]-tbm-Knv Nnn-p-nt.
AI-_q-v: 64, sFln-I-Po-hn-X-sa-Xv Ifnbpw Xam-ibpam-sX-b-. ]c-temI-Po-hn-X-am-Wv bYm Pohn-XwA-h Adn-hp--h-cmbncps-n Fpw lZo-Zv: 20
\n Adn-n-cn-p-I, \n-ba
- mbpw Cu sFln-IP
- o-hnXw Ifnbpw Xam-ibpw, \nnS-bn s]mw ImWn-epw BVw-_-c-n apIS--epw, [\-nepw km\--fnep-ap B[n-Iy-n-\p a-chpamsX asm-p-a- Fpw ]d-n-p-v. _Jd: 44,
Ben-Cw-dm: 14-17,185,196197, amCZ: 5758, ABw: 6 hni-Zo-I-cWw Iqn-hmbnp-I).
33.
\nbw, Ah ]d-psIm-n-cn-p h-am\w \ns Zp:Jnn-p-psv \mw Adn-n-p-v, Atm \nbw Ah \ns-b If-hm-p
- X v , Fm Cu A{I- a n- I Am- l p- h ns kq- - t fm- S mWv
hntcm[wshv Xn-psIm-n-cn-p--Xv.
Ckvdm-Av: 82, JpB hnizm-kn-Iv tcmK-i-a-\hpw Imcp-Wy-hp-am-sWpw

A{I-an-IXv \-a-msX hn-n-p-I-bn- Fpw ]d-n-p-v. ^pn-e-v: 40,
\n-bw \psS kq-fpsS Bibw amn-ad
- n-p-h
- \n\nv adn-cn-phc,
Atm \c-I-n hen-s-dn-bsSp-h-\mtWm D-a AtXm hn[n-Zn-h-k-\m-fn
imnbnepw kam-[m-\-n-epw sImp-h-c-s-Sph\mtWm D-a? \n Dt-in-Xn-\-\p-k-cnv {]hn-psImp-I, \nbw Amlp \n-fpsS {]h-\--sf-mw
kZm hon-p-sIm-n-cn-p-I-bm-Wv. (amCZ: 45, A-Bw: 21 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I).
Cs [nm-cn-I-fpw A{I-an-I-fpw \ntj-[n-Ifpw \_n-sbbpw hnizm-kn-I-sfbpa Xn
-d-bp--Xpw If-hm-p-Xpw, adnv Am-lp-hns kq--fmb Jp-Bs\s-bmWv. apl-Zns\ A-A-ao- (hn-iz-) Bbn AwKo-I-cn-n-cp am apivcnp-Iv,
Jp-B ]d-bm XpS-nb-tm-gmWv Atlw sIm-cp-Xm--h-\m-b-Xv. Cpw JpB ]d-bp-tm-gmWv AXv aqSn-sh-p \ntj-[n-I-fn\nv FXnp-m-hp-I. AXmWv
ap\m-^n-Jq: 4, I]-S-hn-iz-kn-I hnizm-kn-I-fpsS i{Xp--fm-sW-pw, Ahsc kqnWsapw ]d--Xns s]mcp. (_Jd: 99 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). Aen (d)\nv
596
JpB\ns Bmhv
dntmv sNpp: Hcn- A_qPmln \_n (k)-bpam-bp kw`m-jWat[y ]dp:

(\nbw R \ns-b Xn--d-bp--Xv, Fm R If-hm-p-Xv \o sImph--Xn-s\-bmWv). (\n-fn-sem-cmfpw hnizm-kn-bm-hp-I-bn-, Ahs C Rm sImph Jp-B\ns\ ]n]-p-Xphsc) Fpw \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v.
^pn-e-v: 2628, Am-lp-hns i{Xp-v \c-I-amWv imiz-X-amb hosSpw,
AX-h Jp-B kq--tfmSv hntcm[wshv Xn-p-sIm-n-cp-Xn\v {]Xn-^-eambn
\Ip--Xm-sWpw ]d-n-p-v. AI-_q-v: 49, \psS kq--sf A{I-an-I-fmsX hntcm[wshv Xn-d-bp-I-bn-spw, 47, \psS kq-sf \ntj-[n-I-fmsX hntcm[wshv Xn--d-bp-I-bn-spw ]d-n-p-v. AAvdm^vv: 50-51, Ccw
\ntj-[n-I-fmb A{I-an-I \msf \c-I-nshv kzK-hm-kn-I-tfmSv Hcnp shw Asn `-W-hn-`-h--fn\nv A]w RpwXcnI Fp-]-d-bp-tm Ah-tcmSv:
"Jp-B kq--tfmSv hntcm-[w-shv Xn-d-bp-I-bpw, Cu Zn\s Ip-ap--W-sav
ad-p-I-f-bp-Ibpw sNbvXv, Pohn-Xs Ifnbpw Xam-i-bp-ambn sXsc-s-Sp-v Pohn-ncp Im^n-dp-Iv Ch cpw \njn--amWv' Fv adp-]Sn ]d-bp- cwKw ap-dn-bnv
\In-bn-p-v. Cv apkven-fns] I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fpw ^mPn-dp-I-fp-aSnb apPvcnwIfmWv Jp-Bt\mSv hntcm[wshv X-n-d-bp--sXv ImWmw. (AAvdm^v: 40-41,175176,
Xu_: 19,23-24, kPZ: 22, PpapA: 5, ^pJm: 27-31 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 24,99,174176,254,
An-km-Av: 56, amCZ: 67,104105 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
34.
\n\v app ZqXamcpw Xn--dp If-hm--s-n-p-v, Atm

Ah \psS klmbw hs-p-Xphsc, Ah t\cn If-hm-epw
a-\-fpw (D-]-{Z-h-) an-p-I-bm-Wpm-b-Xv. Am-lp-hns hN-\sf amn-a-dn-p Hcp in-bp-an, ]q{]hm-N-Iam-cpsS hrm-fn NneXv \n\v hn-p--XmWtm?
AAvdm^v: 64, \qlv \_nsb At-l-ns P\X Xn--d Imcyhpw, 72,

Am-lp-hns kq- Xn--d BZv P\-X-bpsS ASn-th-c-dp Imcyhpw, 92,
ipsF_v \_nsb Xn--d--h Xs-bmWv \jvS-s-h-cm-b-spw ]d-bp-p-v. Awkv: 1114 kq-fn, YaqZv P\X kmenlv \_nsb [nm-c-]qw If-hmn ZrjvSm-ambn \Inb H-Is Adp-p-I-bpw in Gphm-p-Ibpw sNbvXp Fp]d-np-v. bmko: 15, Hcp \mn-tev \ntbm-Kn--s aqv {]hm-N-Iam-tcmSpw B
\mnse P\X, \n Rsftmep a\p-jy am{X-amWv, ]c-aImcpWnI Hp-and-n-bn-n-, \nbw \n If-hp-]d
- b
- p-h
- c
-
- msX am-cp-as
- p]dv {]hm-NI
- amsc
Xn--d--Xmbn ]d-bp-p (apIv: 610, apAvan\q: 90, An-bm-Av: 77 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
Am-lp-hns hN-\- amn-a-dn-p Hcp in-bp-an F-Xns hnh-, temIp
\S-m t]mIp Fm-Im-cy-fpw Amlp t\cs tcJ-s-Spnshn-p-s-pw
(l-v: 70, lZo-Zv: 22, A-Km-_p: 11, ^mXzn: 11), Htcm a\p-jy-cp-sSbpw hn[n t\cs
\S-n-bn-p-v (Xu_: 51, Ckvdm-Av: 13-15), AXp amn-a-dn-m Hcp inpw km[y-a
Fm-Wv. Atm Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n\nv Cu hkvXpX a\-n-emn ]co-Wsf t\cnv, Jp-B D]-tbm-K-s-Spn Am-lp-hn `c-tanv, Amlp ImWpp-v, Ah hn[n-tX \S-p-I-bp-q-sh t_m[-tm-Sp-IqSn am-ep--fmbn \ne-
ABw (6)
597
sIm--W-sa-mWv {]hm-N-I-s\bpw hnizm-kn-I-sfbpw ]Tn-n-p--Xv. _Jd: 153,155157,213214, Ben-Cw-dm: 146148,195, ABw: 10-11 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
35.
C\n Cu P\-ns Ah-K-W\ \n\v kln-m Ign-bp-n-s-n,

Atm \n\v Ign-bp-sa-n `qan-bn-semcp Xpc--ap-m-n-tbm BIm-intesmcp tImWn-shtm Ib-dn-hv Ahsmcp ZrjvSmw sImpsIm-Sp-m {ian-p-sIm-p-I. Amlp Dt-in-n-cp-p-sh-n Ah-scsbmw kamKn Hcp-an-p-Iq-pI-Xs sNp-ambn-cp-p. Atm
\o Ahn-th-In-I-fmb aqVam-cn s]p-t]m-I-cp-Xv.
lv: 15-16 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. \o-Imew {]t_m-[\w \S-n-bnpw abnse

\ntj-[n-I kXy-n-tev hcm-Xncn-p-Xv -I--tm, Ah-cpsS \ntj-[s XIpI-bpw, XfpsS kXy-k--Xsb sXfn-bn-p-Ibpw sNp Hcp Zrmw (apAvPnkv)
{]Xy--s-s-nsev hnizm-kn-I ]e-tmgpw B{K-ln-n-cp-p. Cu B{K-l-n-\p
adp-]-Sn-bmWv Cu kqw. Ap-A-dm-Av: 34 kq--fn, Ah hnizm-kn-IfmhmXn Ah-cpsS ]nmsetmbn \o \ns-s \in-n-t-mw. Fm \mw Dt-inn-cp-p-sh-n BIm-i-p-\nv Hcp Znhym-pXw Cd-p-I-bpw, Ah-cpsS ]nc-Sn-I
Xmgvn AXn-t\mSv Ahsc hn\bm\znXcmpIbpw sNpam-bn-cp-p Fp-]-d-n-pv.
Amlp Dt-in-n-cp-s-n Fm P\--sfbpw kXy-n kt-fn-n-p-hm Ah\v
Ign-bp-am-bn-cpp, Fm Amlp As\ Dt-innn, Hmtcm a\p-jypw Amlp-hns hgn-bpw ]nim-Nns hgnbpw hni-Zo-I-cnv sImSpv, C-ap-Xv sXc-s-Spm-\p kzmX{yw \In-bn-p-v. Ah-c-hsc Ah kzbw Jp-B\ns Bi-bn Xncn--dn-bp-I-bpw ipo-I-cn-p-Ibpw, kzKw ]Wn-bp-I-bpw sNm\mWv `qan-bntev \ntbm-Kn-n-p--Xv (A-Bw: 111, d-AvZv: 31 Iqn-hm-bn-pI). hnizm-kn-I Amlp-hns dlvam-s\ (]-c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I) kz`mhw Dsmv a\mhmNmIWm
Am-lp-hn\v Iogvsv Am-lp-hn-\p-thn am{Xw Pohn-p \njvI-f--cm-bn-cn--Wsapw, kamKw Am-lp-hn-t\mSv am{Xw tNmZn--W-sapw Cu kq-w ]Tn-n-pp.
^mnl: 4,6, _Jd: 28,213,256,272, Ben-Cw-dm: 128-129, An-km-Av: 1718 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
36.
\n-b-w \n\v adp-]Sn \IpI tIp--h- am{X-am-Wv. acn--h-tcm,

Amlp Ahsc ]p\Po-hn-n-p-Ibpw ]ns Ah-\n-tev Ah Xncnb-s-Sp--Xpam-Wv.
tIp--h-sc-m, _pnbpw Nnm-i-nbpw ac-hn-p-t]m-bn-n-m- a\:kmn

kPo-h-am-b-hcm-Wv (_-Jd: 7,18 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI). Ah-cpsS lrZb JpB\ns Bi-bssmv ]-]m-Xhpw apc-Sn-p-am-Ip Xmgnp ]qn-bn-p-an- (ap-l-Zv: 23-25 t\mp-IAn-km-Av: 82 Iqn-hm-bn-pI). bmko: 70, Cu Jp-B Poh\p--hv ap-dn-bnv \Im\pw, kXy-\n-tj-[n-I R Im^n-dm-bn-cpp Fv
kzbw kmywhlnv \ymbw m]n-X-am-Im-\p-amWv Cd-n-b-sXv ]d-n-pv
(AAvdm^v: 37, A-Bw: 130 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). ^mXzn: 22, \nbw Amlp Ah-\pt-in-p--hsc tIn-p-p, \nbw \o J_-dp-I-fn-ep--hsc tIn-p-n- Fpw,
598
JpB\ns Bmhv
^mXzn: 14, J_-dp-I-fn-ep alm-m- hnfnp {]mn-p--h-cpsS hnfn tIpI-bn-, C\n tImXs hnfnp {]mn-p--hp-cw \Ip-I-bn Fpw,
hn[nZnhkw Ah-cpsS Am-lp-hn-ep ]p-tN Ah \ntj-[n-p-sapw ]dnp-v. Adqw: 5253, \nbw \o acn--hscbpw, hnfn-p-tm hnfntImsX ]nncnpt]mIp sNhn tIm--h-scbpw, hgn-tI-Sn A-cmbn hnl-cn-p IpcpSam-scbpw tIn-p-I-bn Fpw, adnv \psS kq--fn hniz-kn-p-I-bpw,
\apv kkzw kanp Pohn-p--h-scbpw am{Xta \o tIn-p-I-bpq Fpw
]d-n-p-v (AAvdm^v: 194-195, bq\p-kv: 42-43 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). A-Bw: 25 hni-Zo-IcWw t\m-p-I.
acn--hscv hnti-jn-n--s-Xv, Jp-B\ns Bi-b-a-dnnv aqSn-sh (A-_k:
17) Amlp sImp-I-f ap\m-^n-Jp-I-sfbpw (ap-\m-^n-Jq: 4), Ahsc Aambn
A\p-K-an-p km[m-c-W-m-sc-bp-am-Wv. AYhm _pn-i-nbpw tIhnbpw ImgvN-bpsampw Jp-B\ns Bibw ImWm-t\m tImt\m {Kln-m-t\m D]-tbm-K-s-Spm Ip-Im-en-I-sf-m ]ng-- hnthIw \jvSs--h-sc-bm-Wv (AAvdm^v: 179, ap\m^n-Jq: 3 Iqn-hm-bn-pI). Ah _pn-bp-]-tbm-Knv Nnn-msX ]nim-Nns hgn
(ImImc-W-ham-cpsS `qcn-]--ns hgn) ]n]-ph-cp-amWv (Ilv^v: 100-101, bmko: 62, apIv: 612, ^Pv: 23-24 Iqn-hmbnp-I). _Jd: 166-167,170-171, An-km-Av: 135
hni-Zo-I-c-W-w t\mpI.
37.
Ah tNmZn-p-p: FmWv Cu {]hm-N-Iv Xs \mY-\n\nv Hcp

ZrjvSm--an-d--s-Sm-Xv. ]d-bp-I: \nbw Amlp Hcp ZrjvSm--an-dm Ign-hp--h Xs-bm-Ip-p, ]t Ah-cn-e-[n-I-t]cpw Adn-hn-m-h-cm-Ip-p.
Zrm--sa-m I-p-sImv t\cnp-Im-Wm Ign-bp Imcy-Im-cW_-n-\Xo-X-ambn {]I-S-amIp Aam-\p-jnIamb kw`-hsam-Wv. aqkm \_n-bpsS hSn, Cukm
\_n ]mWvUp tcmKn-I-sfbpw IpjvT tcmKn-I-sfbpw Aam-scbpw kpJ-s-Sp-n-bXpw acn--hsc Pnhn-n-Xpw t]msebpap kw`-h, YaqZv kap-Zm-b-n\p \Inb
HIw XpS-n-bh DZm-l-cWw. AI-_q-v: 50, FmWv At-l-n\v Xs \mY\n \nsmcp ZrjvSm--an-d-m--sX tNmZyn\v, \nbw Rm hy-amb apdn-bn-p-Im-c am{X-am-sWv adp-]Sn ]d-bm\mWv \_n-tbmSv ]d-bp--Xv. 51, Ah-v
hni-ZoIcnpsImSp-p {Kw \mw \nsta Cdn-bXv Ahsmcp ZrjvSm--ambn
tmsctbm? \nbw AXn hniz-mkn-I-fmb P\-Xv Imcp-Wy-hpw A\p-kva-c-Whpw
Dspw ]d-n-p-v. Ckvdm-Av: 59- Amlp ]d-bpp: Znhym-pXw Ab-p-Xn\nv asmpw \s XS-n-n-, ]qn-I AXns\ Xn-dp F Imc-Wa-msX. YaqZv P\-Xv \mw Dm-gvNZ- m-bI
- a
- mb HIs \Ip-Ib
- p-m-bn, Fmeh
AXn-t\mSv A{Iaw {]hn-p. P\-sf `b-s-Sp-p-Xn\v thn-b-msX \mw
Zrm-- Ab-m-dpan-
apIm-ev hn-p Fm ZrjvSm-
- fpw hnh-cnnp-Xpw samw a\p-jyv
kamKhpw, hnizm-kn-Iv tcmK-ia
- \
- h
- pw Imcp-Wy-hp-am-bn-p Ghpw henb apAvPnkmWv apl-Zv \_n-v \Inb Jp-B. Fm Cv AXns Bibw D]-tbm-
ABw (6)
599
Ks-Sp-msX Xn--Sv ]nSn-h-n-bn-msX Pohn-p--h-cmbn temI apkven

A[x-]-Xn-n-cn--bm-Wv. Ah Cu A-Im-c-n\v ]cn-lm-c ambn {]Im-i-am-Ip JpB\ns\ kzoI-cn-p-n-. Ch-cpsS Pon PohnXw Iv ap -P-\-Xbpw Jp-B\ns\
Ah-K-Wn-p-I-bm-Wv. Cu Jp-B am{X-amWv c-sm-cn-n-en-m-Xmn a\p-jysc Hnn-m-\p hgn-sbv hnizm-kn-I ]d-bp-tm Ah-cXv ]pnpXp-Ibpw, Fnsm Cu Jp-B\ns Bfp-I temI-s-hn-sSbpw Imnv Xp-s-Sp--h-cpw shdp-s-Sp--h-cpw \ny-cp-ambn Ign-p-Iq-Sp--Xv F [z\n-bn-ep tNmZy-hpw kwkmchpamWv Ahcn \np-m-Ip--Xv (A-Bw: 26 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI). Cu Ah- XpS-cp-I-bpw, ako-lp--mens hcthmsS A-Imcw hym]npIbpw sNpw.
]ns Cukm\_n hm, ap-P-\X Ckvemans\ AwKo-I-cn-p-I-bpw, temI-s-m-bnSpw Amlp Xr]vXn-s Ckvemans\ aX-ambn kzoI-cn-p-Ibpw, Jp-B-\-\p-k-cnv
Fm Pohn-X-ta-J-e-bnepw hn[n-Ievn-p-Ibpw sNp-Xm-Wv. bq\p-kv: 20-, \ntj-[nI tNmZn-p-Ibpw sNpp: FmWv At-l-n\v Xs \mY-\n\nv Hcp Zrmw
Cd--s-Sm-Xv? Atm \o Ah-tcmSv ]d-bpI: AZriy Am-lp-hns ]-emWv. AXp-sImv \n Imn-cn-p-I, Rm\pw \ntfmsSmw Imn-cn-p--h-\mIpp Fp-]-d-n-p-v. dAvZv: 38, C_vdm-low: 11, apAvan: 78 Fo aqv kq--fn
Am-lp-hns thp-I-Iq-SmsX Hcmpw Hcp Zrm-hpw sImp-h-cm km[y-a
Fp-]-d-n-pv. _Jd: 177,211, Ben-Cw-dm: 4950, ABw: 45,25 t\mpI.
38.
`qan-bn k-cn-p GXp arKhpw, hmbp-hn Nnd-In--Snp ]d-p

GXp ]d-hbpw \nsftmep kap-Zm-b--f-msXb. {K-n
HpwXs tcJ-s-Sp-msX \mw hnn-n-, ]ns Ah-scs-bmw XfpsS \mY-\n-tev Hcp-an-p- Iq--s-Sp--Xp-amIpp.
Fm Poh-Pm-e-fpw a\p-jy-scbpw Pnp-I-sfbpw t]msebp kap-Zm-b-fmsWpw, Ahscm-hscbpw Ay-\m-fn Am-lp-hns apn Hcp-an-p-Iqn hnNmcW
\S-p-sapw ]Tn-n-p-I-bm-Wv. kap-{Z-n Adp-\qdv kap-Zm-b--fpw Ic-bn \m\qdv
kap-Zm-b--fp-am-Wp--sXv \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. Cu Poh-Pm-e-sfmwXs
Am-lp-hns\ Bm-hp-sImv kvXpXn-p--h-cpw Io\w sNp--h-cp-am-sWp
CkvdmAv: 44, Aq: 41, lv: 18 kq--fn ]d-n-p-v. Fm a\p-jycpw PnpIfpw kzX{ krjvSn-I-fm-Wv. Ah-cn-ep hnizm-kn-I, Jp-B\ns Bm-hmb
BibwsImv Ftmgpw Am-lp-hp-ambn _-sp \ne-sIm-p-I-bpw, Jp-B\ns
Bibw ]Tn-n-p-sImv Cu Poh-Pm-e-smw Am-lp-hns\ hmgvp--Xn-\p-thn
kuIcyw sNbvXp-sIm-Sp----hw `qansb AXns kp-e-\mh-bn \ne
\nm {ian-p--h-cp-am-Wv. ImbvI-\n-I-fp-m-Ip hr- shp-]n-Sn-nv PohPm-e-p `Ww \ne-\nm\pw Ah ]cn{ianp--Xm-Wv. Alv: 89,
Fm-Im-cy-fpw shfnsSpnbnp {Kw \n\v \mw Ah-X-cn-np Xn-p-spw,
AXp kkzw Am-lp-hn\v kanv Pohn-p--hv kamKhpw Imcp-Wyhpw
ip`-hmZmb-I-hp-am-sWpw ]d-n-p-v. bq\p-kv: 3, lqZv: 6, lv: 70, ^mXzn: 11,
Jk-kv: 75, lZo-Zv: 22, A-Km-_p: 11 kq-fn ]d-bp {Khpw AIn-Xm-_ns
]q-cq-]-amb Jp-B Xs-bm-Wv. Ilv^v: 54-, \n-b-ambpw Cu Jp-B-\n a\pjypthn Fm D]-a-Ifpw hni-Zo-I-cn-n-p-v. Fm P\--fn A[n-I-t]cpw
600
JpB\ns Bmhv
IpXn-I-fm-Im-Xn-cn-p-n- Fpw, Adqw: 58-, \n-b-am-bnpw a\p-jyp thn

Cu Jp-B-\n Fm D]-a-Ifpw \mw D-cn-n-p-v, Ahsmcp Zrmw sImphm Ah ]d-bpI Xs sNpw: \n anYy-hm-Zn-I-f-msX am-cp-a Fpw ]dn-p-v. kpa: 27-, \n-b-am-bnpw a\p-jypthn Fm D]-a-Ifpw \mw D-cnn-p-v, Ah lrZ-bw-sImv kvacn-p--Xn-\p-thn Fpw ]d-n-p-v. (Ckvdm-Av:
89 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Npcp--n {XnIm-em\n-bmb Am-lp-hns {XnIm-e-m-\amWv Jp-B-\ns Bibw. Fm- krjvS-nIsfbpw Hcp-anpIqn hnNm-cW \S-p-Ibpw,
a\p-jycpw Pnp-Ifpw CXc Poh-Pm-e--tfmSv ImWn {Iqc-X-I {km-hns apn
kSw ]d-bm Ahv Ah-k-c-ap-m-p-I-bpw, Ah-tbmSv sNbvX {Iqc-X-Ip
in a\p-jypw Pnp-Ipw \Ip-Ibpw sNp--Xm-Wv. Av, Cu hkvXp-Xsbmw adv ChnsS Pohn Im^n Rm am-bn-on-cp-s-n (Cu ]n-sbtmse As-n ]nsbtmse arK-am-b-ncp-s-n) F{X \m-bn-cp-t-s\- Fv
hne-]n-p--XmsWv \_-Av: 40- ]d-n-p-v. _Jd: 2,234, Ben-Cw-dm: 79,30,
An-km-Av: 4142,82, amCZ: 105 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
39.
\psS kq-sf Xn--dv If-hm-n-b-h-cm-I-s, _[n-camcpw

DuaIfp-ambn Ccp-p-I-fn Ign-p-Iq-p--h-cm-Ipp. Amlp Ah-\p-t-inp--hsc hgn-tI-Sn-em-p-p, Ah-\p-t-in-p--hsc Ah t\sc-sNmsbp kamK-n-te-p-am-pp.
A^m: 22, \n-bw Am-lp-hn-s- ASp- Poh-Pm-e--fnshp Ghpw

Xn-tb-dnbh, _pn-i-n- D-]tbm-Knv Nnn-m _[n-ccpw DuaIfpamsWv ]dn-p-v (AAvdm^v: 175-176,179, A^m: 55 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). kamKhpw ZpamKhpw
Hmtcm Bmhpw sXsc-s-Sp-t--Xm-Wv. ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I-\mb \njv]--hm-\mb
Amlp kzK-n-tetm \c-I-n-tetm Hcm-sfbpw Bp-n-. kamKhpw
ZpamKhpw- sX-c-s-Sp-m a\p-jy\v kzmXyw \In-bn-cn-p-I-bm-Wv (Ckm: 3
t\mp-I). ZpamK-n-em-bX
- n\v ]nim-Nns\ Ip-s-Sp-n-bnpw Imcy-an-sv C_vdmlnw:
22 ]d-n-p-v. \lv: 37, {]hm-NIm, \o Ah-cpsS kamK-n-\p-thn F{X{i-an-mepw kzbw hgn-]ng-hs\ Amlp kamK-n-em-p-I-bn-. Ahsmcp klmbnbpw Dm-hp-I-bn-spw ]d-n-p-v. bqkp-^v: 103, P\--f-n A[n-I-t]cpw \o
F{X-{i-an-mepw hnizm-kn-I-fm-hp-I-bn-s-pw, 106, Ah-cn A[n-I-t]cpw Am-lphn
]p-tNp-sIm--msX hniz-kn-p-I-bn-spw ]d-n-p-v. AXp-sImv Hmtcm-cpcpw DS-a-bmb Am-lp-hn-t\mSv kamK-w kzbw tNmZnp hmp-I-bpw, B {]Imiw
ap-hv Fn-p-sIm-Sp-pI hgn Ccp-ns\ \on-If
- b
- pIbpw sN-Ws
- a-mWv kqw
]Tn-n-p-Xv. ^mnl: 6, _Jd: 67,186,213,286, An-km-Av: 56,118,174-175, amCZ: 10,1516
, ABw: 1 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
40.
\_ntb Ah-tcmSv tNmZn-pI: \n Nnn-n-p-tm, \nv Amlp-hns in As-n B Aykabw hspI-bmsW-n \n

Am-lp-hn-s\-b-msX am-sc-sb-nepw hnfnv {]mn-p-tam? ]d-bp-hn
\n kXy-hmam-scn.
ABw (6)
41.
601
A; \n Ahs\ am{X-amWv hnfnp {]mn-p-I. As\ Ah

Dt-in-p--]w \n Zqco-I-cn-mthn {]mn-psIm-ncnp
hn]v \n-fn\nv \onfbpIbm-sW-n \nfpsS ]m-fn-Isf
\n ad-p-I-fbp-Ibpw sNp-XmWv.
Ah-\mWv \nsf Ic-bnepw IS-enepw k-cn-n-p-X

- v, As\ \n- Ien
Bm-Z-`-cn-X-cmbn bm{X-sN-p-tm sImSpmv hcn-Ibpw Npp-`m-Khpw Xnc-am-e-I-fm
hebw sNp-Ibpw \n-fpsS I apn-tm-Ip-sap Dd-m-hp-Ibpw sNp-tm,
PohnXw apgp-h\pw Am-lp-hn\v kan-p-sImv Ah-t\mSv {]mn-pp, k-kzhpw
R Am-lp-hn kan-p-p, Cu B]-n\nv Rsf \o c-s-Sp-p-Ibm-sW-n \nbw R \n-{]-I-Sn-n-p--h-cm-bn-cn-pw. As\ Ahsc cs-Sp-n-bm Ah-cXm `qan-bn AXn-{I-a-Im-cn-I-fmbn amdp-p. Hm a\pjytc, \n-
AXn-{Iaw ImWn-p-Xv \n-tfmSv Xs-bm-Wv. Cu sFln-I-Po-hnXw Hcp hn`hw
am{X-am-Wv. ]ns \n-fp-sS-sbmw aSw \n-te-m-Wv. Atm \n {]hnpsIm-n-cp--Xns\pdnv Rm \nv hnhcw ]d-p-X-cp--Xpam-Wv Fv bq\p-kv:
22-23 ]d-n-p-v (AI-_q-v: 65-66, epJvam: 32, kpa: 55-60 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
^mnl: 4, A-Bw: 14 t\mp-I.
42.
\nbw \mw \n\papv ]e -k-ap-Zm-b--fn-tepw {]hm-N-Iamsc Abn-p-v. B kap-Zm-b-sf \mw hn]-p-Ifnepw bmX-\-Ifnepw AI-s-Spn-bn-p-ap-vAh hn\o-X-cmbn Xe-Ip-\n-phcm-IpXn-\pth-n.
kPZ: 21, \mw Ahsc henb inpapv sNdnb sNdnb in-I cpNn-npIXs sNpw, Ah Jp-B-\n-tepw PohnXey-n-tepw Xncnp hcp--Xn
\p-th-n- Fp]d-n-p-v (AAvdm^v: 172-174, Adqw: 41 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). amCZ: 65-66
43.
Atm \psS ZWvU\w Ahv hp-I-gn-tm Ah hn\o-X-cmhpXn\v ]Icw Ah-cpsS lrZ-b- IqSp-X ISpv In-p-t]m-hpIbmWp-m-bX
- v. ]nimNv Ah-cpsS {]h-\
- s
- fmw Ahv Ae-m-ca
- mn
sImSp-p-Ibpw sNbvXncn-p-p.
^mkn-Jmbn Ign-m ]ns hniz-kn-p-I-bn-sv bq\p-kv: 33 ]d-n-p-v.

adnbw: 83-, \ntj-[n-Iv Ah-cpsS Imcy- icn-s-Sp-nsmSpp--Xn\v \mw
]nim-Np-sf Ab-n-p-Xv \o Int Fv tNmZn-p-p. _Jd: 74, Ankm-Av: 3738,117 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
44.
Atm \mw Ahsc Hman-n-psImncp-sXmtWm AXh adpIf-tm, Fm ku`mKy-fp-sSbpw hmXn-ep-I \mw Ahv Xpd-psIm-Sp-p. As\ Ahv \Is ku`m-Ky--fn Ah aXn-adp hnl-cn--tm, Ahsc \mw s]sv ]nSnIqSn. Atm-gXm Ah
Bi-bhcmbn (C_veokpI-fmbn) ocp-p.
Am-lp-hns\ Hmann-p--Xp-w, ]qnI P\-fn Amlp Fv \S-]-Sn-I-
602
JpB\ns Bmhv
fmWv kzoI-cnsXv Hman-n-p-Xpw, C\n ]c-tem-Iv hcm-t]mIp Imcy-

Hman-n-p-Xpw Jp-B\ns Bi-b-amWv. kpKvdp^v: 74-75, \nbw {`mam
\c-I-K-nse in-bn imiz-X-cm-Ip-p. Ah-sc-smv hnSpXn \IsSp-X,
Ah-c-Xn Bi-b--h-cmbn (C_veokp-I-fm-bn) Ign-p-Iq-Sp--Xpam-Wv. Jp-B\ns
Bi-bssmmWv ]nimNv XS-bp-I, Ah-km\w Jp-B\ns Bi-b-ap-]-tbm-K-s-Spp H hnizm-kn-bp-an-msX Fm-hcpw C_veokns\tmse Bi-b [nm-cn-I-fpw,
^mkn-Jo-fpamIp-tm-gmWv temIw Ah-km-\n-p-I (AlvJm-^v: 35 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
_Jd: 99, amCZ: 49,51,67, ABw: 25-26 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
45.
Atm X-tfmSp Xs A{I-aw ImWn B P\XbpsS ASn-thcdpv

Dq-e\w sN-s-p. k-kvXpXnbpw ktemIfp-sSbpw DS-a-bmb
Am-lp-hn-\m-Ip-p.
A-Bw: 47, A{I-an-I-fmb Hcp P\-X-sb-b-msX \in-n-ptam Fv tNm-Zn-p

p. An-bm-Av: 1114, F{X-sb{X \mp-Im-sc-bmWv \mw Ah A{I-an-I-fm-b-tm
\mam-h-ti-j-am-n-bnpXv. Ahp-tijw \mw asmcp P\-Xsb \p-h-fn-smp-h-cn-Ibpw sNbvXp. \psS ZWvU\w Ahsc _m[n--tm Ah-cXm AXn hn\bm-\zn-X-cm-Ip-p. Ah-tcmSv ]dp: Ctm \n hn\-bm-\zn-X-cm-tI--Xn-. \n
\n-fpsS hoSp-I-fn-tev\n--fpsS AXn-cp-I-hn Pohn-X-n-te-vaS-n-sm-p-I,
\n tNmZyw sN-s-Sp-IXs sNpw. Ah ]d-bp-h-cp-amIpp: Hm R-fpsS
\miw, R A{Ian-I-fm-bn-tm-b-tm (A-n-bm-Av: 46 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). ]cn-ip--amb
`-W hn`h AI-an-I-fmb P\-X-v Ah-c-h-cpsS ssIsImv Xs \njn--amsSp--XmsWv An-km-Av: 160 hni-Zo-I-cWn t\mp-I. lqZv: 117,
kpIr-X-hmam-cmb Ah--bn \ns dv Hcp \mp-Im-scbpw \in-n-p-I-bn- Fp]-d-np-v. Icbnepw IS-enepw a\p-jy-cpsS ssII {]hn--Xns A\--c-^-eambnmWv \mi-ap-m-IpXv, AXv Ah {]hn--Xn NneXv Ahsc cpNn-n-t-
Xn-\pw, Ah kXy-amK-n-tev Xncn-p-h-cp--Xn\pw thn-bmsWv Adqw: 41
]d-n-p-v. _Jd: 57,251,254, Ben-Cw-dm: 192 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
46.
{]mhm-N-Im, Ah-tcmSv tNmZn-p-I: \n {in-n-p-tm, Amlp \nfpsS tIhnbpw ImgvNbpw FSp-p-I-f-bp-I-bpw \n-fpsS lrZ-b-v
aqSn-bnv ap{Z-sh-p-Ibpw sNbvXm, Am-lp-hns\qSmsX thsd GsXmcp
Cem-lmWv \nv Cu A\p-{K-l- sImp-hv Xcn-I. t\mpI:
F-s\-sb-m-amWv \mw \psS kq Ahv hni-Zo-I-cnp sImSpp--Xv, ]nsbh AXn\nv Xe-Xn-cnv ]nn-cnpt]mIp-Xpw
(F-s\-sb-v t\mpI).
(A-Bw: 155157, AAvdm^v: 35-36, 146-147, apAvan\q: 78, kPZ: 79, apIv: 23 Iqnhm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 67,18, amCZ: 19, A-Bw: 24 hni-Zo-I-c-Ww t\mpI
47.
tNmZn-p-I {]hm-N-Im: \n Nnnp t\mn-bn-p-tm, \nv Amlp-hns in s]stm As-n {]I-Sa

- mtbm hp-s]SpIbm-sW-n,
A{I-an-I-fmb Hcp P\-X-b-msX \in-n--s-Sptam?
ABw (6)
603
"Atm [nm-cn-I-fmb Hcp P\-X-b-msX \in-n--s-Sp-tam'F tNmZy-tmSp-Iq-Sn-bmWv AlvJm-^v: 35 Ah-km-\n-p-Xv. (A-Bw: 130-131 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). JpBsImv hn[n-Iev]n-m--h Xs-bmWv A{I-an-I-sfv amCZ: 45epw JpBsImv hn[n-Iev]n-m--h Xs-bmWv [nm-cn-I-fmb sXmSnI-sfv 47epw
]d-n-p-v. Jp-B\n hnizm-kn-Iv Imcp-Wyhpw tcmK-i-a-\-hp-aps-pw, A{I-anIv Jp-B \-a-msX hn-npIbn-spw Ckvdm-Av: 82 ]d-n-pv.
Xu_: 125, X-fpsS lrZ-b--fn tcmK-ap I]-Samv Jp-B amen-\y-n-\pta amen\yamsX hn--np-Ibns-pw, Ah \ntj-[n-I-fmbnsmv ac-W-s-Spsapw ]d-n-p-v. A^m: 33, \o Ah-cn-ep Ime-tmfhpw, Ah Am-lphn-t\mSv s]mdp--ens\ tXSp Ime-tmfhpw Hcp P\-Xbpw inn-sSp-Ibn-sv
]d-n-p-v. ChnsS "\o Ah-cn-ep Ime-tmfw' FXns hnh-, apl-Zv \_nbpsS PohnXw ]n]-p Hcp hnizm-kn-sbn-ep-ap Ime-tmfw Fm-Wv. Hcp hnizmknbpan-msX Fm-hcpw A{I-an-I As-n sXm-SnI BIp-tm-gmWv temIw
Ah-km-\n-p-I. _Jd: 143,254, amCZ: 51, ABw: 45 t\mp-I.
48. ip`-hm-bd
- n-bn-p-h
- c
- pw ap-dn-bnv \Ip-h-cp-am-bn-
- msX \mw {]hmN-Iamsc Abnn. Atm BcmtWm hniz-kn-p-I-bpw I--
\m-p-Ibpw sNbvXXv, AhcpsS-ta `b-s--Smt\m Ahv Zp:Jnmt\m
CS-h-cn-I-bn-.
49.
\psS kq-sf Xn-d

- b
- p-Ibpw If-hm-p-Ibpw sNbvXh
- c
- m-tcm, Ah
[nm-cn-If
- mb sXm-Sn-If
- m-bn-cp-X
- n-\m in _m[n-pIXs sNpw.
hnizm-kn-Iv ktm-j-hm-b-dn-bn-p--h-cpw, \ntj-[n-Iv XmoXv (ap-dn-bn-v) \Ip--h-cp-am-bn-mWv Fm {]hm-N-Iam-scbpw \ntbm-Kn-n-p--Xv. Hcmsfbpw kamK-n-tev \n_-npsImp-h-cm Hcp {]hm-N-I\pw km[y-a-.
kamKam-hs Ah-c-h Ah-cpsS DS-a-bmb \mY-t\mSv tNmZnphmpI Xs thWw.
AYhm kamKamb Jp-B\ns Bibw D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-n-bm Ahv `b-sSm\pw Zp:Jnm\pw CS-h-cn-I-bn-. Jp-B Inn-bnv Bi-b-a-dnp aqSn-sh-p-- sXmSn-I-sf-bpw, Bibw ]Tn-m {ian-m ^mPn-dp-I-sfbpw inn-pIXs sNpw.
Am-lp-hn\v Ah-cn \ymbw m]n-Xa
- m-bn-g
- n-p. ^mnl: 7, _Jd: 2,2627,3839,99,
213,256,272, Ben-Cw-dm: 185, amCZ: 59, A-Bw: 21,26 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
50. {]hm-N-Im Ah-tcmSv ]d-bp-I: Fs ASp- Am-lp-hns JP-\m-hp-Ifp-sv Rm \n-tfmSv ]d-bp-n-, Rm ad--Im-cy- (A-Zr-iy
) Adn-bp--h-\p-a, \nbw Rms\mcp ae-m-sWpw \n-tfmSv
]d- b p- n- . \nbw Rm, F\nv Znhy--t _m[\ambn e`n- p- Xns\bmsX ]n]-pn-. Fn-v Ah-tcmSv tNmZn-p-I: A\pw ImgvNbp--h\pw ka-am-hpI km[y-amtWm? Atm \n Btem-Nn-v {]Xnênnp-nt?
lqZv: 31, Am-lp-hns JP-\m-hp-I Fs ssIh-i-am-sWv Rm \n-tfmSv
]d-bp-n. F\nv AZr-iy-Im-cy- Adn-bp-sapw Rm \n-tfmSv ]d-bp-n-,
604
JpB\ns Bmhv
\nbw Rm Hcp ae-m-sWpw \n-tfmSv ]d-bp-n-. \n-fpsS Ip-I-fn \nmccmbn ImWp--h Bcm-tWm, Ahv Amlp bmsXmcp \bpw \IpIbn Fpw
Rm \n-tfmSv ]d-bp-n-. Ah-cpsS a\-n-ep-Xv Gw Adn-bp--h Amlp
Xs- b m- I p- p. As\sbm\pw Rm ]d- b p- I - b m- s W- n \nbw Rm
A{IanIfn s]-h Xs-bm-bn-cn-psav ]dbpp-v. AAvdm^v: 188, Amlp
\_n-tbmSv ]d-bm Iev]np-p: Am-lp-hns thpIIqSmsX Fs kzw Imcyn Hcp-D]-Im-ctam D]-{Z-htam hcp-m F\nv A[n-Im-c-an-, Rm AZr-iy-Im-cy Adn-bp--h-\m-bn-cp-s-n, \-I-fn\nv [mcmfw Rm F\nv hn-npI
Xs sNp-am-bn-cp-p, Fs Xn-I _m[n-p-Ibpw sNp-am-bn-cp-n-. \nbw
Rms\mcp Xmo-Xp-Im-c\
- pw, hnizm-kn-If
- mb P\-Xv ktm-j hm Adn-bn-ph\p-a-msX am-cp-a-sv ]dn-p-v. ^mXzn-: 19, Aamcpw ImgvN-bp--hcpw kaam-hp-I-bn-, 20, A-Im-c--fpw {]Im-ihpw ka-am-hp-I-bn-, 21, XWepw shbnepw
ka-am-hp-I-bn-, 22, Pohn-n-cn-p--hcpw acn--hcpw ka-am-hp-I-bn-, \nbw Amlp
Ah-\p--in-p--hsc tIn-p-p, \o J_-dp-I-fn-ep--hsc tIn-p--h\-Xs
Fp]d-n-p-v (A-Bw: 36 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). "\n Btem-Nn-p-n-t'
Fv A`n-kw-t_m-[\w sNp-Xv Cv am apivcnp-I-sf-b-, adnv Ah-cpsS m\p apkven-sf am{X-am-Wv. kPZ: 18, hnizm-kn-Ifpw I]-S-hn-izm-knIfpw kaamIp-tam Fv tNmZn-Xntijw Amlp Xs ]d-bpp: Ah cpIqcpw ka-am-hp-Ibn. lqZv: 24- Amlp tNmZnpp: Atm Cu cv hn`m-K--fpsS D]-a, Acpw
_[n-ccp-amb Hcp-Iq, ImgvNbpw tIhn-bp-ap asmcpIq, Ch cp-Iq--cp-sSbpw
D]a XpeyamIptam? Atm \n lrZ-bw-sImv kvacnv ]mT-apsmpnstbm?
kamKw Hmtcm-cp-cpw Ah-cpsS DS-a-tbmSv tNmZnp hmtXpamWv, Cu
hkvXpX ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-m thn a\p-jy-cn\nv Amlp \ntbm-Kn Ahs ZqX
am-{X-amWv apl-Zv \_nbpw, asm \_n-am-cpw (Ilv^v: 110 Iqn-hm-bn-pI). Ckvdm-Av:
90-94 kq--fn \ntj-[n-I ]d-bp-p: Rv `qan-bn\npw Hcp Ddh \o ]pds-Sp-hn-p-Xphsc R \nn hniz-kn-p-I-bn As-n \n\v Cu--\bmepw apn-cn-bm-ep-ap Hcp tXm-ap-m-hp-Ibpw, AXn-\n-S-bn-eqsS Hcp \Zn [mcap-dnbmsX Hgp-Ip-Ibpw sNp-Xphsc As-n \o [cn-n-p-Xpt]mse BIm-i-p
\nv R-fp-sS-ta Hcp IjvWw hogvp--Xp-hsc As-n Am-lp-hn-s\bpw Ahs ae-p-I-sfbpw \o sImp-h-cp--Xphsc As-n \n\v I\-I--fm-ep Hcp
hoSp-m-Ip-Xphsc As-n BIm-i-tv \o Ib-dn-t]m-Ip-Xv R ImWp-Xphsc As-n Rsmcp Xpd ]pkvXIw hmbn-p--Xn-\p-thn Cd--s-SpXphsc R \ns Am-lp-hp-am-bp IqSn-m-gvNbn hniz-kn-p-I-bnXs.
CXn-s\mw adp-]-Sn-bm-bnv \_n-tbmSv ]d-bm Iev]npp: Fs \mY CXn-s\mw
Ign-hp ]cn-ip--\m-Wv, Rms\mcp a\p-jy\pw ZqX-\p-a-msX am-sc-n-ep-amtWm?
(AAvdm^v: 203, bq\p-kv: 49 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). amCZ: 109, A-Bw: 79,1719 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
51.
X-fpsS DS-a-bmb \mYs apn ]p\cpo-hn-n-v H-cpanpIq-s-Spsapw, Ahs\qSmsX Ahsmcp c- - I t\m klm- b ntbm
ip]miIt\mbnspw `b-s-Sphsc Cu Jp-BsImv \o XmoXv
ABw (6)
605
\Ip-Ibpw sNp-IAh kqva-X-bp--h Xs-bm-I-W-sa-Xn\p

thn.
]Xn-\v hb-n\v tij-ap Cl-temI Pohn-X-nse Hmtcm \nan-jspdnpw
Am-lp-hns apn, Hcp- Zn-hkw Dcw ]d-tb-n-h-cp-sav a\-n-em-n-b-hsc am{Xta
Cu JpBsImv ap-dn-bnv \Inbnv Imcy-ap-q. Cu Jp-B XfpsS \mYs
hmp-I-fm-sW- t_m[-tmsS AXns hn[n-hn-e-p-I ]n]-p--h-cmWv Am-lphns\ `b-s-Sp ap-Jo-. Atm ap-Jo--fm-Ip--Xn\pthn Jp-B\ns
Bibw ]n]-pIXs thWw. Ah am{X-amWv hnPbwhcn-p-I. kPZ: 4 Amlp
]d-bpp: Ah-\mWv BIm-i-`q-an-Isfbpw Ah-n-S-bn-ephsbbpw Bdp-\m-fp-I-fn-embn
krn--Xv. ]ns Ah knwlm-k-\-kvX-\m-bn. \nv Ah-s\-q-SmsX Hcp kwc-It- \m ip]mi-It\m C-Xs
- . Atm \n lrZ-bw-sImv kvacn-p-nstbm?
(Xu_: 115, bq\p-kv: 3, ^pJm: 56-57, bmko: 10-11 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). ^mnl: 3,
52.
X-fpsS \mYs\ Ahs {]oXn- Imw-n-p-sImv {]`mX{]tZm-j- t`-Zat\y

{]mn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-h
- sc \o Hcn-epw Bn-bI
-
- c
- p-Xv, AhcpsS hnNmc-W-bn \n\smcp ]p-an-. \ns hnNm-c-W-bn Ahpw bmsXmcp
]p-an-. Atm \osbm\pw Ahsc Bn-b-I-p-I-bm-sW-n, \o
A{I-an-I-fpsS Iq-n s]pt]mhpI Xs -sNpw.
Ilv^v: 28, X-fpsS dns\ Ahs Xr]vXn {]Xo-n-p-sImv {]`mX {]tZmj-t`-Z-at\y {]mn-p-sIm-n-cn-p--h-tcm-sSmw \o an-n-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-I., ùXnI-Pohn-X
- ns Ae-mcw At\z-jn-p-sImv \ns {i- Ah-cn\nv Xn-cnbm ]mSn.
\psS A\p-kva-c-Wssmv (Jp-B\ns Bi-bssmv) Xs lrZbw {]b--hs\bpw, tZtl ]n]-n hn`n--amKw kzoI-cn--h-s\bpw \o A\p-k-cn-p-I-bp-acpXv Fp]d-n-p-v. Ckm: 23-25 Amlp ]d-bpp: \n-b-w \mw \n\v JpB Cd-p-Xv Lw L-am-bnmWv. AXp-sImv \o \ns \mYs Xocp-am-\-n-\pthn an-n-cn-p-I. Ah-cn\np Ip-hm-fn-Ifpw (I-]-S-hn-iz-m-knI) \ntj-[n-Ifp-amb Hcm-sfbpw \o A\p-k-cn-p-I-bp-a-cp-Xv. \o \ns \mYs \maw {]`m-X--fnepw
{]tZmj--fnepw kvacn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-I. Alvkm_v: 1 \_nsb hnfnv
Amlp ]d-bpp: Hm \_nbmbn-p--ht\, \o Am-lp-hns\ kqn-p-I, Im^n-dp-Isfbpw ap\m-^n-Jp-I-sfbpw \o A\p-k-cn-p-I-bp-a-cp-Xv. \nbw Amlp Fm-a-dn-bp
k-m-\nbpw bpn-m-\nbpw Xs-b-tm. 2, \n\v \ns \mY-\n\nv
Znhy-k-t-i-ambn e`n-Xv ]n]-p-Ibpw sNp-I. \nbw Amlp \n-fpsS {]h\--sfmw he-bw-sNbvX {XnIm-e-m-\n-b-tm. 3, Am-lp-hn `c-ta]n-pIbpw sNp-I, ssIIm-cy-Im-hmbn AmlpXs Gw aXn-bm-b-h-\m-Ip-p. (Alvkm_v: 48 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
bq\p-kv: 104, \_ntbmSp Amlp ]d-bm Iev]npp: Hm a\p-jytc \nsfs Zo\n kwi-b-ap--h-cm-sW-n, Rm Am-lp-hns\ IqSm-sX- \n C_mZv sNp--hp-thn Pohn-p--h-\ Xs, Fm Rm Pohn-p-Xv, \nsf
acn-n-p Am-lp-hn-\p-thn am{X-am-Wv, Rm hnizm-kn-I-fn s]-h-\m-bn-cn--W-
606
JpB\ns Bmhv
sav FtmSp Iev]n-p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-p-p. 105, \ns apJw Zo\n t\scsNms \ne-\nWsapw, \o Hcn-epw Am-lp-hn ]p-tNp--h-cn s]pt]m-I-cp-sXpw Iev]n-p-p. 106, Am-lp-hns\qSmsX \n\v D]-Im-ctam D]-{Zhtam hcp-m--hsc \o hnfnp {]mn-pI-bp-a-cp-Xv. \osb-m\pw As\
sNbvXm, Atm \nbw \o A{I-an-I-fn s]-h Xs-bm-bn-cn-psav XmoXv
\Ip-p. Ap-A-dm-Av: 214-216 Amlp ]d-bpp: \o IpSpw-_-n \nv ASph-sc ap-dn-bnv \Ip-I-bpw, hnizm-kn-I-fn\nv \ns ]n]-n-b-hv \ns Nnd-IpI XmgvnsmSpp-Ibpw sNp-I. Atm Ah \ns [n-cn-p-I-bm-sW n
\n-fpsS {]h-\-s-smv \nbw Rm D-c-hm-Zn--an-m-h-\m-sWv AhtcmSv ]d-bp-Ibpw sNp-I (Ckvdm-Av: 73-75, kPZ: 22, ^Xvlv: 29 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Hmtcmcp--cp-sSbpw hnNm-cW Ah-c-h Xs-bmWv \S-t--Xv, Bpw asm-cmp-thn
Hpw sNm km[y-a--sbv Cu kqhpw ]Tn-n-p-p (A-Bw: 104 Iqnhm-bn-pI). _Jd: 137,167,272,286, Ben-Cw-dm: 30,195, amCZ: 105 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Fm Imepw hnizm-k-n-tev hn-p-Xv ASn-a-Ifpw Zcn-{Z-cp-amb kap-Zm-bn\np A[:nX P\--fm-Wv. BZy-Ime hnizm-kn-Ifne-[n-Ihpw Jpssd-io
{]am-Wn-IfpsS ASn-a-Ifpw `rXy-P-\--fpw kaq-l-n Xmsgn-S-bn-ep--h-cp-am-bn-cp-p.
Cm-c-W-m am\yX \Sn-n-cp Jssdin {]am-Wn-amv ChtcmsSmw \_n-bpsS
kZ-n sNn-cn-m Ipd-n A\p-`h-s-n-cp-p. Cu ]mh-tfbpw ASn-a-I-tfbpw
am{Xta R-nS-bn\nv Am-lp-hn\v Innbpp? Fh ]cn-lkn-pIbpw
sNbvXncpp. am{X-a-, Ah-cn\nv apv h sXp-Ip-- s]mnnSnv A[n-t]n-p-Ibpw, Csehsc C-sXms sNbvXn-cp Bfp-I-fm-Wn-tm henb t{ijvTcpw
al-p-fpambn-cn-p--sXv Xmgvnnsn ]dn-cpp. Ccw Bt-]p adp-]-Sn-bm-bn-mWv Cu kqw Ah-X-cn-n-p--Xv. bq\p-kv: 40 Amlp
]d-bpp: Ah-cn Cu Jp-B-\n hniz-kn-p--h-cp-v, Ah-cn Cu Jp-B-\n
hniz-kn-m--h-cp-apv. \ns dv \mi-Im-cn-Isfpdnv \-hw Adn-bp--h Xsbm-Wv. C\n \ns Ah Xn--dp If-hm-p-p-sh-n Atm Ah-tcmSv ]d-bpI: F\nv Fs {]hr-n, \nv \n-fpsS {]hrn. Rm {]hn-p-Xns\smv \n hnap--cm-Wv, \n {]hn-p--Xns\smv Rm\pw hnap-\m-Wv.
kpa: 39-40-, Amlp \_n-tbmSv ]d-bm Iev]n-pp: Fs P\ta, \n
\n-fpsS m\v {]hn-p-hn \nbw Rm Fs m\v {]hn-p-Xm-Wv. Atm BmWv \ny-amb in hp-In-p-I-sb-pw, BmWv mbnbmb in e`n-p-I-sb-pw ASppXs \n Adn-bpw. lqZv: 27, \qlv \_ntbmSv At-l-ns P\-X-bnse {]am-Wn-am-cmb \ntj-[n-I ]d-p: \ns R
R-sf-tm-ep Hcp a\p-jy-\m-bn--msX ImWp-n-, \ns ]n]-n-b-h-cm-I-s, Rfn\np A[aam-cmb hop-hn-Nm-c-an-m Bfp-I Am-sXbpa-. R-tfm \nv Hcp t{ijvTXbp--Xm-bnpw ImWp-n-. A, R Icp-Xp-Xv
\n \pW-]-d-bp--h-cmsW-m-Wv. lqZv: 28-30, \qlv \_n Xs P\-X-tbmSv ]dbpp: Hm Fs P\-ta, \n a\-n-em-n-bn-p-tm, Rm Fs dn\np
Hcp sXfn- hgn-bn-em-Wv. F\nv Ah-\n\np Hcp ImcpWyw (Jp-B) hp-
ABw (6)
607
In-n-bn-p-ap-v. Atm \n AXp-sIms A-cm-bn-cn-p-p. Atm \n

shdp-p--h-cm-bn-cns R \nsf \n_-n-p-Itbm? Hm Fs P\-ta, Rm
Cu {]hrnsmcp {]Xn-^-ehpw \n-tfmSv tNmZn-p-n, Fs {]Xn-êw Am-lphns ]-em-bn--m-sX-bn-. Rm hnizm-kn-I-fmb Bfp-Isf Bn-p-d-m-p--h-\pa. \nbw Ah X-fpsS \mYs\ Ip-ap-p--Xm-Wv. ]t Rm \nsf ImWpXv Ahn-th-In-I-fmb Hcp aqV-P\Xbm-bn-m-Wv. Fs P\ta, Rm Ahsc Bn--d-b-p-I-bm-sW-n Am-lp-hn\nv BcmWv Fs klm-bn-p-I. Atm
\n lrZbwsImv kvacn-p-n-s-tbm? Ap-A-dm-Av: 111, \qlv \_n-tbmSv Xs
P\X tNmZn--Xmbn ]d-bp-p: Cu A[:nX \ns ]n]-p--h-cm-bn-cns R
\ns hniz-kn--W-satm? (bq\p-kv: 71, lqZv: 53-56, 91-95 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd:
212,285-286, Ben-Cw-dm: 75-77,128-129,136,185, An-km-Av: 1 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
53.
A{]-Imcw \mw Ah-cn Nnesc Nne-v ]co--Wamnshn-cn-pp

(kamK-wsImpw k-psImpw)\psS CS-bn Amlp A\p{Kln--h Cq--cmtWm Fh tNmZn-p--Xn\pthn. Fv, Xs
Zmkamcn \n {]I-Sn-n-p--h- Bcm-sWv Ghpw Adn-bp--h-
Amlp Xsbstbm?
^mn-l:- 2 hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mp-I. Fm Ime-p-ap {]am-Wn-amcpw {][m\nIfpw
Am-lp-hns dlvam-s\ (\n-jv]--hm-) KpW-hn-ti-jWs AwKo-I-cn-m--hcpw, X kXy-n-em-bXpsImmWv Xn-hnsS kpw {]Xm-]hpw m\-am\--fp-samsapw, hnizm-kn-I kXy-n-em-Im-Xv sImmWv Ahv Cu Zp\n-bm
hn AsXmpw Cm--sX-pw, ]c-nepw As\ Xs-bm-bn-cn-p-sapw Alm-c-]qw Dd-np hniz-kn-p-hcp-am-bn-cpp Ah (B-en-Cw-dm: 10 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mpI). Fm a\p-jysc `qan-bn-tev \ntbm-Kn-Xv Xs ]co--W-n-\m-sW
Ah hnkva-cn--ncn-p-p, AXm-Wv A-hsc "^mknJv' Fv Amlp hnfn--Xv. \psS
CS-bn\nv m\-am-\--fpw kwL-_-ehpw km-n-I-ti-jn-bpsamp-an-mhscbmtWm t\Xr-Xz-n-\p-thn Amlp sXsc-s-Sp-n-cn-p--sXv \_n-sb-p-dnpw
hnizm-kn-I-sf-p-dnpw ]pn-p--h-cm-bn-cpp Ah. am, XzmC^v Fo henb ]W--fnse GsX-nepsamcp alm]pcp-j\v Cu Jp-B Fp-sImv Ah-X-cn--s-nsv Ah tNmZn--Xmbn kpKvdp^v: 31- Amlp ]d-n-p-v. 32-, Ah-cmtWm
\ns \mYs ImcpWyw `mKw-sh-p-Xv? \mamWv Cl-n Ah-cpsS Pohn-X-hn-`-h `mKw-sh-n-p--Xv. \mw Ah-cn Nnesc Nne-tc-m ]Z-hn-I Dbnbn-p-apv, Ah-cn Hcp hn`mKw asmcp hn`m-Ks ]cnlkn-p--Xn-\p-th-n Fpw, \ns
\mYs ImcpWyw Xs-bmWv Ah Hcp-an-p-Iq-p Fn-t\-mfpw \n\v D-a-ambn-p-Xv Fpw ]d-n-p-v. lnPv: 87-88, \ntj-[n-I-v \In-bn-p tPmUn-Ifmb ùXnI Pohn-X-hn-`-h--fn-tev \ns Iv Xncn-bcpsX-pw, Ah-cpsS FXnpw
]cn-lm-khpw \ns ZpxJn-n--cp-sXpw, \o hnizm-kn-Iv \ns Nnd-Ip-I XmgvnsmSpp-Ibpw sNpI, \n\v \mw Bhn-m-hn-p-h-cp Ggv kq-fpw
al-mb Jp-B\pw \In-bn-pv (\n\v AXp-aXn) Fpw ]d-n-p-v. ^pJm:
20- Amlp ]d-bp-p: \mw \n-fn Nnesc Nnev ]co--W-amnbn-cn-pp,
Atm \n (hn-izm-kn-I) an-m Xm-dmtWm? \ns dmI-s, Fmw hon-
608
JpB\ns Bmhv
p-sIm-n-cn-p-h\p-am-Ipp. _Jd: 155157, Ben-Cw-dm: 74, 196-197, An-km-Av: 113,

54.
\psS kq--fn hniz-kn-p hnizm-kn-I \nntev hm,

\o Ah-tcmSv ]d-bp-I: \n-fpsSta kam-[m-\-ap-m-bn-cn--s, \n-fpsS
\mY ImcpWyw Xs kz`m-h-ambn tcJ-s-Sp-n-shn-cn-p-p. \nbw,
\n-fn-sem-cm Adn-hnmbvasImv Hcp Xn {]hn-p-I-bpw, ]ns
AXn\ptijw ]m--]nv aS-p-Ibpw {]h-\- \m-n-opI-bp-am-sW-n, Atm \nbw Amlp Gsd s]mdp-p-- Imcp-Wyhm
Xs-btm.
55.
A{]-Imcw \mw \psS kq- kv]jvSa

- mbn hni-Zo-Ic
- n-p-p{`mamcpsS hgn hnizm-kn-I-fpsS hgn-bn\nv XnIpw hyambn thXn-cnp-Xn-\pth-n.
An-km-Av: 17-18 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Adn-hn-mbvasImv Ipw sNpIbpw

Jp-B\ns Bibw hmbnv AXv sXm-sW--dn-bp-tm Am-lp-hn-t\mSv Gp-]-d-bpIbpw, {]mb-nw sNt-Xn\v AXv sNp-Ibpw sNbvXm Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[n-bmb
Amlp s]mdpp sImSp-p--Xm-Wv. Jp-B\ns Bibw ]Tn-n-p--h-cmWv ]Tnm hcp--h-tcmSv kemw ]d-tb--sXv Cu kqw ]Tn-n-p-p. ImcWw JpB
hni-Zo-Ic
- n-p kZ-p-If
- n (amCZ: 41-42 t\mp-I) I]-Sh
- n-izm-kn-Ifpw hcpw. \_nbpsS
kZ-nepw ap\m-^n-Jp-I Jp-B tIm hn-cp-p. kemw ]d-b sFn-Ihpw
aS- \n_--hp-am-b-Xn-\m, Ahv Ctmv kemw ]d-bm-\p Ah-kcw CmXm-mthn, Jp-B ]Tnnp--h hnizm-kn-I-fm-sWv Icp-Xp--h-tcmSv Atmv
kemw ]d-m aXn. I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-tfmSv PnlmZv sNm ]d nXnv AhtcmSv kemw ]d-bm ]mSn-. Ah Ctmv kemw ]d-mXs X-Xv -am{Xw aSn-sIm-Sp-mt\ ]mSpq. A-n-km-Av: 86 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I Adn-nv aqSn-sh-p--h-cmWv. AXp-sImv Ahv Amlp
Hcn-epw s]mdp-p-sIm-Sp-p-I-bn-. Adn-hn-mbvasImv Ipw sNp--ht Amlp
s]mdp-p-sIm-Sp-p-I-bp-q (bq-\p-kv: 33,95-96 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). bmko: 55-58, kzKhm-kn-If
- psS Ah hnh-cn-t- ijw 59-60, {`m-mtc \n Ct-Zn\w amdn-\npI
]nimNn\v C_m-Zv sN-cp-sXv \n-tfmSv DS-Sn hmn-bn-cp-nt? Ah \nv
hy-amb i{Xp-hm-sWpw ]d-n-cp-nt? As\ Hcp DS-Sn sNbvX-Xmbn JpB-\n Fhn-sSbpw ImWp-I-bn. adnv AAvdm^v: 172 ]d Am-lp-hp-ambn
sNbvX DS-Sn ]men-msX ]nim-Nn-\p-thn Pohn Bfp-I-fmWv apPvcnwI (_Jd:
2628 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). "Amlv' Fp kvac-W-bn-msX \a-kvI-cn-p-Ibpw
t\m\pjvTnp-Ibpw apw sNp ap\m-^n-Jp-Ifpw ^mPn-dp-Ifpw IqSn-bX
- mWv apPvcnwI
(A-n-km-Av: 142-143 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). AAvdm^v: 40 Amlp ]d-bpp:
\n-bw \psS kq- Xn--d--hcpw AXp-sIms Al-mcw \Sn--h-cp-ap-tm, Ahv BIm-i-ns hmXn-ep-I Xpd-p-sIm-Sp-p-I-bn-. Xpm-cs
kqNnbpsS Zzmc-n-eqsS HIw {]th-in-p--Xp-hsc Ah kzK-n {]th-in-p-I-
ABw (6)
609
bp-an-. A{]-Im-c-amWv \mw {`mamv {]Xn-êw sImSp-p-I. Jp-B kq-fpsS Bibw ]Tn-m {ian-msX Jp-B\ns icocwXnp ^mPn-dp-Ifpw, Fmw
]Tn--h-cm-Wv XnI--h-cmWv F \b-n Jp-B\ns Bibw ]Tn-nv AXv ]n]m--hcpw, ap--hv ]Tn-n-m--h-cp-amb I]-S-hn-izmknI-fp-amWv Cu kq-nse
{`mam (apPvcnwI). {`mam, \ntj-[n-I, A{I-an-I Fn-h Bsc-m-sav
a\-n-em-p--Xn\v _-Jd: 254, ABw: 21 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
hnizm-kn-I-fpsS kz`m-h-n\v hncp--ambp kz`m-h-amWv apPvcnwI-fmb ]m]n-Ifmb
Ip-hm-fn-I-fmb {`mam-cp-tS-Xv. AhtcmSv Jp-B kq- lrZ-b-ns `mjbn D-cnp Ah-cpsS Fp-Ip DWn-bm-epw hn\o-X-cm-hp-I-tbm, Xe-Ip-\n-pI-tbm, Am-lp-hnt\mSv Ip- Gp-]-d-bp-I-tbm, {]mb-nw sNbvXv tJZnpaS-pItbm C. Jp-B-\n ap-sm-Xv kq--fn apPvcnao-sfpdnv ]cm-ain-np-v. Ah apkven-fn\np ap\m-^n-Jp-I-fpw ^mPn-dp-I-fp-am-sWv \_n (k)
]Tn-n-n-p-ap-v. lnPv: 12, Ap-A-dm-Av: 200 kq--fn, A{]-Imcw Cu Jp-B\ns\
Npp]gp In-sb-tmWw {`mam--cpsS lrZ-b--fn-tev Amlp IS-n-hn-Sp-Ibm-sW-pw, Fmeh AXn hniz-kn-p-Ibn-spw ]d-n-p-v. ^pJm: 31,
A{]-Imcw Fm \_n-ampw {`mam-sc i{Xp--fm-n-bn-p-spw, Ah-cn\nv
\ns klm-bnm\pw amKZi\w sNm\pw Amlp Xs Ghpw aXn-bm-b-h-\msWpw ]d-n-p-v. Cu apPvcnwI-fn s] ^mPn-dp-I-fmb A\p-bm-bn-I-tfmSv ap\m-^nJp-I-fmb t\Xm-am: "R-fmtWm \nsf Jp-B-\n\nv \nXp hp-Inn-b-Xn-\p-tijw XS--Xv, Am \n {`mam Xs-bm-bn-cpp' Fv ]c-temInshv ]d-bp cwKw k_-Av: 32 ap-dn-bnv \In-bn-p-v. Ap-A-dm-Av:
99, t\Xm-am-cmb ap\m-^n-JpIsfpdnv ^mPn-dp-I, Rsf hgn-]n-g-n-h
{`mam-c-m-sX-b-- Fp]d-bp cwKw ap-dn-bnp \In-bn-p-v. kzm-^m-v: 32,
\nbw Rv kzbw ey-t_m-[w \jvS-s-Xpt]mse R \n-sfbpw eyt_m[w \jvS-s-Spn Fv ap\m-^n-Jp-I ^mPn-dp-I-tfmSv ]d-bp--Xm-sWpw, 33,
At-Zn\w Ah in-bn ]p-Im-cm-bn-cn-p-sa-pw, 34, C{]-Im-camWv \mw {`mamtcmSv {]hn-p-I-sb-pw Amlp ]d--Xn\nv {`mam-cn ap\m-^n-Jp-I-fmb
t\Xm-amcpw ^mPn-dp-I-fmb A\p-bm-bn-Ifpw Ds-Sp-sap a\-n-em-mhp-Xm-Wv.
Am-lp-th, Rsf \o {`mam-cmb apPvcnwI-fm--cptX, Rsf \o \ns
Ip-sImv Ncn-p--h-cpw, \n\v a\mhmNmIWm IogvhWn Pohn-p-hcpamt-Wta. \ns Imcp-WywsImv, ]pWym-m--tfmsSmw hn-Pbwhcn-p--htcmsSmw kzK-n {]th-in-n--s-Sphcn Ds-Spt-W-ta. Hm IcpW sNp-h-cn Ghpw \mbn IcpW sNp--h-t\. CXv kpPq-Zn {]mnpI-bm-sWn Npcp-n-bXv \qtdmfw kq-sf Pohn-n--em-bn. _Jd: 99,166167, An-km-Av:
91,140145, amCZ: 51,59 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
56.
{]hm-N-Im Ah-tcmSv ]d-bp-I: Am-lp-hns\qSmsX \n hnfnp

{]mn-p--hpthn Pohn-p--Xv (C-_m-Zv sNp--Xv), \nbw
Rm hntcm-[nsn-cn-p-p. ]d-bp-I: Rm \n-fpsS CjvSm-\n-jvS ]n]-p--h-\-. A-s\- sNp ]w, \nbw Rm hgn-tI-Snem-hp-I-bpw, kamKw e`n--h-cn Ds-Sm--h\mbn amdp-Ibpw sNpw.
610
JpB\ns Bmhv
Amlp am{X-amWv Fsbpw k-Xn-sbpw DS-a. B DSa \n-bn-p--XmWv

P\-\w, ac-Ww, PohnXw XpS-nb Fm-Im-cy--fpw. Atm kzw tZtl--Itm
ap--h-cpsS C-Itm ASn-a-sv Pohn-m hnizm-knv km[n-p-I-bn-, adn-v Ah
Am-lp-hns kz`m-h-ap-, Am-lp-hn-\p-thn am{Xw Pohn-p Ahs {]Xn-\n-[n-Ifm-bn-cn-pw. Jp-B-\mIp kamKs ]n]-p--h-cmWv lpZm D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p
kamKnI. ^mnl: 4, _Jd: 120,145, ABw: 50,52 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
57.
]d-bp-I: Rm Fs dn-\np Hcp sXfn {]am-W-n \nesIm-p--h-\m-Ipp, Fm \n-f-Xns\ If-hm-n-bn-cn-p-p. \n

[rXn-s-Sp--sX-tm, AXv Fs ]-en-. \nbw Xocp-am\w ssIsmp-Xv AmlphmsX am-cp-a. Ah-\m-Ipp bYm kwK-Xn-I
hgn-p-hg
- n-bmbn hnh-cn-p-X
- v. kv]-amb Xocp-am-\s
- a-Sp-p-X
- n Ah
Ghpw Da\p-amIpp.
58.
]d-bp-I: \n [rXn-s-p-sIm-n-cn-p-- Imcyw, \nbw Fs ]-epm- b n- c p- s - n F\npw \np- a n- S - b n Ftm Xocp- a m\w
IevnpIXs sNp-am-bn-cp-p. Amlp B{IanIsfpdnv Gw Adnbp--h Xs-bm-Ip-p.
_n\ ({]am-Ww) sImn-hnsS Dt-in-p-Xv Jp-B-\m-Wv. Fm lZo-Zv: 25,

apAvan: 28 XpS-nb kq--fn "_n-\mp'sImv Dt-in-p--Xv, hnhn[fmb
Aam-\p-jnI ZrjvSm--fpw Znhym-p-XfpamWv. _n\: 1, thZ-mcn \np
\ntj-[n-I-fpw, inv sNp apivcnp-Ifpw kwi-b-n\nv ap-cm-hp-I-bn,
Ahv _n\ hp-In-p-Xphsc. 2, _n\ Fm-sWv hy-am-p-Ibpw sNp
p. AXm-b-Xv, ]cn-ip--amb Jp-B Ahv Xnemhv sNbvXp sImSp-p Amlp-hn\np dkq. 4, _n\ Ahv hp-In-n-bn--msX {Kw \I-s-h `nn-n-n- Fp]d-bp--Xnse _n\, GI {K-amb Jp-B-\m-Wv (_Jd: 2,121
t\mp-I).
\n-f-Xns\ If-hm-p-p Fp]d-m Jp-B\ns\ aqSn-sh-p-Ibpw Xn-d-bp-Ibpw sNp-p-sh-m-Wv. (_Jd: 24,213 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). apl-Zv \_nv
\Inb Ghpw henb ZrjvSmw (ap-AvPnk-v) Jp-B-\m-sWv A`n-am\w sImp
apkven Cv AXns\ aqSn-sh-p-Ibpw Xn--d-bp-Ibpw sNpI hgn amapivcnpI-fp-sS-bpw, \_n-bpsS Imep PqX ss{Ik-vX-h-cp-sSbpw m\-mWpsXv
ImWmw. Ah [rXn-sv Bh-iy-spsImn-cp--Xv, Jp-B hmKvZw sNp
Ay-Zn-\w (Xo-cp-am\w Iev]n-p Zn\w) B-bn-cp-p. \n ]d-bp--Xv kXy-am-sWn FmWv B hmKv Z w \S- n- e m- h p- I sbv \ntj- [ n- I hnizmkn- I - t fmSv
tNmZnpXv bmko: 48, bq\p-kv: 48, apIv: 25, k_-Av: 29, Aw-ev: 71, An-bm-Av: 38,
kPZ: 28 kq-fn ImWmhp--Xm-Wv. bq\p-kv: 11-, Cl-tem-Iv a\p-jy \Ipthn [rXn-Im-Wn-pXpt]mse Ahv Xnhcp-p-X
- n Am-lphpw [rXnIm-Wn-p-I-bm-sW-n Ah-cpsS {]h-\m-h[n Ftm Ah-km-\n-n-p-m-Ip-am-bn-cpp. Atm \s Ip-ap-p-sav Bin-m-hsc Ah-cpsS [nm-c-n ey-
ABw (6)
611
t_m-[-an-msX hnl-cn-p--Xn-\p-thn \mw Agn-p-hn-n-cn--bm-Wv Fp-]-d-n-p-v.

19-, \ns \mY-\n \np hN\w apI-S-n-p-m-bn-cp-n-s-n Ah `nn-np hnj-b-n Ahn-S-bn Xocp-am\w Iev]n-pIXs sNp-am-bn-cp-p Fpw
]d-n-p-v. kq-n lJv -sIm-p-t-in-p-Xv Jp-B Xs-bm-Wv (lv: 47,
AAvdm^v: 187, Alvkm-_v: 63, ^mXzn: 45, ^pn-e-v: 47 Iqnhm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 147,
A-Bw: 3,21 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
59.
AZr-iy-f
- psS Xmtm-ep-I Ahs ]- Xs-bm-Ip-p. Ah-\msX
Bcpw AX-dn-bp-n-. Ah Ic-bn-ep-w IS-en-ep-ap Fmw Adn-bp-p.
Ah-\-dn-bmsX Hcp Ce sImgn-bp-n-, Ahs Adn-hn s]SmsX `qanbpsS Ccp-- aq-Sp-]-S--fn Hcp [m\y-a-Wn-bp-an-, ]tbm DW-n-b-tXm
Bb Hpw Xsbn Hcp hy-amb {K-n tcJ-s-Sp-msX.
(Xu_: 51, bq\p-kv: 61, lqZv: 56, lv: 70, k_-Av: 3, ^pn-e-v: 47, kpa: 7,63,
^mXzn: 11 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). {XnIm-e-m-\n-bmb Amlp-hns {XnIm-e-m-\-amb
Jp-BX-s-bmWv B hy-amb {K-w. kpKvdp^v: 2, ZpJm: 2 Fo kq--fn
hy-amb {Kw Fp-]d
-
Xv Jp-Bs
- \-p-dnv Xs-bm-Wv. bmko: 69-, CsXmcp
A\p-kva-c-Whpw hy-amb Jp-B-\p-a-msX asm-p-a Fp-]-d-n-p-v. _Jd:
234,255,284, ABw: 38 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
60. cm{Xn-bn \nsf Xncns-Sp-p--Xv Ah Xs-bmWv, ]I-en \n
Fhn- s S- s b- m- a mWv hnl- c n- p- sXpw Fs- m- a mWv {]hn- psXpw Adn- b p- h\p- a m- W h, ]ns \nv hn[n- n- p
PohnXmh[n ]qn-bm-p--Xn\pthn \nsf ico-c-n-te-p-Xs
aS-p-p (]p-\Po-hn-n-p-p), Ah-km\w Ah-\n-tev Xs-bmWv \nfpsSsbmw aSw, ]noSv \n {]hn-p-sIm-n-cp-Xv Fm-bncpp Fv Ah \n-tfmSv hnhcw ]dpXcn-Ibpw sNpXmWv.
kpa: 42, Amlp ]d-bp-p: Am-lp-hmWv ac-W-k-a-bv \^vkns\ (Bmhns\) Xncn-s-Sp-p-Xv, acn-m--hcpsS \^vkns\ Dd--nepw (Xncn-s-Sp-p-p).
acWw hn[n-hcpsS \^vkns\ AhnsS ]nSnpshp-Ibpw, Am--h-cpsS \^vkns\
\n-bn--s n]vX-amb Ah[nhsc Xncn--b-p-Ibpw sNp-p. \nbw AXn
Btem-Nn-p P\-Xv [mcmfw ]mT--fp-v. Atm Dd--n-epw, ac-W-nepw
\^vkns\ Amlp ico-c-n\nv Xncn-sSppp. acWw \n-bn--hv AhcpsS PnhIqSn ]nSn-s-Sp-p-I-bpw Bm-hns\ Xncn--b-mXn-cnpIbpw sNpp.
Ddw Hcp sNdnb ac-WamsWv \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. Dd--n \^vkv am{Xw
ico-c-n\nv -t]m-Ipp Fm ac-W-n \^vkpw Poh\pw IqSnb dqlv t]mIpp. k-PZ: 9 ]d--{]-Imcw \memw amk-n Bhm-ln-n dqlv ico-c-n\nv
ths-Sp--Xn-s\-bmWv acWw Fp-]-d-bp--Xv. B dqlv ]nSn-s-Sp-p-Xn\v Hcp aens\ \n-bn-n-p-spw, ]ns \n \n-fpsS dn-tev Xncn--b--s-Sp-sapw
kPZ: 11 ]d-np-v. (_Jd: 28, An-km-Av: 1, amCZ: 105 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I).
InS-p-tm, Am-lp-th, \ns \ma-n Rm acn-p-I-bpw Pohn-p-Ibpw
612
JpB\ns Bmhv
sNp-p. Fs Bm-hns\ \o AhnsS ]nSn-p-sh-p-I-bm-sW-n AXns\ \o A\p{K-ln-tWta, A, \o AXns\ Xncn--b-p-I-bm-sW-n AXns\ \o k-\--fmb
\ns ASna-I-fpsS Bm-hnt\msSmw kqn-pIbpw sNt-W-ta Fv {]mnm\pw, Dd-
- n \np-Wc
- p-tm 'R-fpsS ac-W
- n\ptijw Rsf Pohn-n Amlp-hn-\mWv kvXp-Xn, Ah-\n-tev Xs-bmWv Rsfmhscbpw Ah-km\w ]p\Pohn-n-sm-cp-anp IqsSpI' Fpw {]mn-m \_n (k) ]Tn-n-npv. H-m-sWnepw R Fp]d-bp--Xv Pnp-Iq-p-Im-cs\ As-n Iqp-Im-cnsb Dt-in-mWv.
61. Xs ASn-a-I-fpsSta Ah\v XnI A[n-Im-c-ap-v. Ah \n-fp-sSta kqn-p-Im-cmb tat\m--msc Ab-p-Ibpw sNp-p. As\
\n-fn- H-cp-h\v acWw Bk--am-bm, Ah \ntbm-Kn ZqXam
Ahs dqlv ]nSn-s-Sp-p-p. Ah-cpsS I-hy-\n-l-W-n Ah
Hpw hogvN hcp-p-n.
62.
]ns \nsfmh-scbpw bYm bP-am-\-\mb Am-lp-hn-tev aS

sSp-p. Adn-n-cn-p-I, hn[nXons kIe A[n-Im-c-fpw Ah\p
am{X-ap--Xm-Ip-p. Ah hnNm-cW sNp--hcn Ghpw thK-X- Iq-Sn
bh-\pam-Ip-p.
d-AvZv: 11, Hmtcm-cp--cp-sSbpw apnepw ]nnepw ae-p-I-fmb ]mdm-hp-Im-cpspw, Am-lp-hns Iev]\{]Imcw Ah Ahs\ kqn-p-p-spw ]d-np-v. C^nXzm: 10, \nbw \n-fp-sS-ta kqn-p-Im-cp-spw, 11, Ah
_lp-am-\y-cmb Fgp-p-ImcmsWpw, 12, \n {]hn-p--sXmw Ah Adnbppv Fpw ]d-n-p-v. Azm-cn-Jv: 4, Fm Hmtcm Bmhn\pw Ah-cp-sSta kqn-p-Im-cpv Fpw, Jm^v: 18, dJo_pw AoZpw tcJ-s-Sp-msX Hcmfpw
Hcp-hmpw D-cn-p-n-spw ]d-n-p-v. Cu kqn-p-Imcpw tcJ-s-Sp-p--h-cpsamw ae-p-I-fm-Wv. ]ns \n-bn Ah[n Fn--gnm acn-n-m Gn-s aepw, IqsS Iptdae-p-Ifpw hv dqlns\ ]nSn-psImpt]mIp--Xp-am-sWv
kPZ: 11-epw, ae-p-Isfmw hnizm-kn-I-fpw, Ah-cpsS kz`mhw Am-lphns\ [ncnmXncn--epw, Ah-tcmSv Iev]n-Xv {]hn-epamsWv A-lvcow: 6epw ]d-np-v (ap-Avan: 7 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Hmtcm-cpcpw ]I-en ]v ae-p-I-sf-smpw,
cm{Xn-bn ]v ae-p-Isfsmpw Gn--s--h-cm-sWv \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p
v. "Amlv' F kvac-W-bpmbn-cn-p-tm am{X-amWv ae-p-I kq-np-Imcmbn Dm-hp-I. Am-lp-hns\ ad- A-h--bn Pnp-Iq-p-Im-c-\mb ]nim-NmWv
IqsS-bp-m-hp-I. B]-p-I kw`-hn-p-Xv Atm-gmWv (Ankm-Av: 78-79 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I). "Amlv' F t_m[-n-epw {]Jym-]-\-n-ep-am-sW-n Ah-cp-sSta ae-p-If
- n-d
- p-sa-pw, \n Zp:Jnt, \n `b-s-tS-, \n-tfmSv hmKvZm\w
sNbvXnp kzKwsImv ktm-jn-pI, R-fmWv \n-fpsS Cl-nepw ]c-nep-ap an{X-fpw klm-bn-I-fpw, \nv B kzK-n \n-fpsS Bmhv B{Kln-p--Xpw, \n tXSp-Xpamb Fmw Xs-bp-v Fv ^pn-e-v: 30-31 ]dn-p-v. Jp-B\ns BibwsImv am{X-ta Hcmv Cu Ah ssIh-cn-m\pw
imn t\Snb Bm-hm-bno-cm\pw Ign-bp-I-bpq (d-AvZv: 28, A^Pv: 27-30 Iqn-hm-
ABw (6)
613
bn-p-I). bYm bP-am-\\pw DS-a-\pw Amlp am{X-am-Wv. Ah-\n \nmWv

Fm-hcpw h-Xv, Ah-\n-te-mWv Fm-hcpw Xncn--b--s-Sp--Xpw. Cu hkvXpX
AwKo-I-cn-p-Xv B bP-am-\-\p-thn Pohn-p hnizm-kn-I am{X-am-Wv. AXmWv
hnizm-kn-I, H-m-sW-nepw "R Pohn-p-Xv \n\-p-thn am{X-am-Wv, AXn\v
R \ntmSv am{Xw klmbw tXSp-Ibpw sNpp' Fv ^mn-l: 4 ]-d-bp-
Xv. _Jd: 152,269,286, Ben-Cw-dm: 199, ABw: 7,19,3134 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
63.
\_ntb Ah-tcmSv tNmZn-p-I: Ic-bn-sebpw IS-en-sebpw A-Im-c-fn

\n hn\o-X-cmbn Ffn-a-tbmSpw Dn-s-bp-n `b-tmSpw IqSn, Cu
B]-n\nv \o Rsf csSp-nbm \nbw R \n-{]ISn-n-p-h
- c
- n s]-h Xsbmbn-cn-p-sav {]mn-p-tm, BcmWv
\nsf csSp-p-Xvv?
64.
]d-bp-I: Am-lp-hmWv \nsf AXn\npw c--s-Sp-p--Xv, asm

ti--fn\nv \nsf c-s-Sp-p--Xpw. ]nsbpw \n- Ahs
A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i--fn ]p-tNp--h XsbmIp-p.
Ic-bnse hnim-e-amb acp-`q-an-bn A-Im-cfn s]Sp-tm AXn\nv cs-Sp-p-Xpw, hnim-e-amb kap-{Z-n hgn-b-dn-bmsX Dg-ep-tm c-s-Sp-p-Xpw
Am-lp-hm-Wv. Ccw k`-n Fmhcpw DS-ab
- mb {kjvSm-hn Xs `c-tanp
Dn-s-bp-n `b-s-pw, PohnXw apgp-h Ah\v kanpsImv {]mn-p--Xpam-Wv. Fm hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv {]`mX {]tZm-j -t`-Z-at\y Ftmgpw X-fpsS \^vkpsImv Ffn-a-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bpw Dn-s-bp-n `b-s-p-sImpw, \mhp-sImv "Amlv'
Fv hn-fn-msX Am-lp-hns\ kvacn-m-\mWv AAvdm^v: 55,205 kq--fn Iev]nn-p-Xv (AAvdm^v: 189190 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Alv: 15-16 Amlp ]d-bpp:
Ah \n-fpsS kmK-n-\p-thn hnhn[ AS-bm-f- m]n-n-p-v. \-{Xh-gnbpw Ah kmK-n-em-Ip-p--tm. ChnsS I-c-bnepw IS-en-ep-ap AIm-c--fn\n-mWv c-s-Sp--sX-nepw Ah GsSp-nb {km-hns\ Is-n
kmK-n-em-hm\pw AXv CS-bm-n-bn-cp-p. Fm Cv Ccw A-Im-c-fneIsSp kml-N-cy- A]q-am-b-Xn-\mepw, a\pjy \nn-Xamb kwhn-[m-\-
D-Xn-\mepw {]Ir-Xnbnep kwhn-[m-\
- D]-tbm-Ks
- -Sp-p-Itbm AXp-hgn kmKn-emhpItbm sNp-h hncfam-Wv. AXpsImv Ccw Imcy- hni-Zo-I-cn-np bYm k-mK-amb Jp-B\ns Bi-bhpw Ah D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p-n-.
Ben-Cw-dm: 190-191 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
(I_v) Fp]-d-m, tiw, hn]-v, B]-v, {]Xn-k-n, ZpcnXw Fsmw
Bi-b-ap-v. An-bm-Av: 87-88, ay-ns hb-n- A-Im-c--fneI-s bq\pkv
\_n hnfnv {]mnp: \nbw \ob-msX asm-cp Cem-lp-an-, \obmWv ]cn-ip-.
\nbw Rm A{I-an-I-fns]--h-\m-bn-cn-p-p. Atm At-l-n\v adp-]Sn \In
At-ls B Zpcn-X-n\nv c-s-Sp-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. C{]-Im-c-amWv \mw hnizmkn-Isf c-s-Sp-p-I Fpw, Chsmw -apv \qlv \tmSv hnfnv {]mn-p.
Atm \mw At-l-n\v adp-]Sn \In. B hn \mi-n\nv At-ls
614
JpB\ns Bmhv
\mw c-s-Sp-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. \psS kq-sf Xn--d P\-X-b-n\nv

At-ls \mw cn-p. \n-bw, Ah-scmcp Zpjn P\X Xs-bm-bn-cp p. As\
\mw Ahsc apn-sm-p-Ibpw sNbvXp Fv 76-77epw ]d-n-pv (kzm^m-v: 76,115
Iqn-hm-bnp-I). An-bm-Av: 90- Cu {]hm-NIm-sc-mw-Xs \ {]hn-p-Xn\v Df-cp--h-cpw, Fmw XyPn-h-cm-bn-smpw Dn-s-bp-n `bs-p-sImpw
{]Xo--tbm-sSbpw \tmSv {]mn-p--h-cpam-bn-cpp Fp]d-n-p-v. _Jd: 152,
ABw: 40-44 t\mpI.
65.
]d-bp-I: Ah \n-fp-sS-ta apI-fn\nv inbnd-p--Xn-\pw Asn \n-fpsS ]mZ--Sn-bn\nv in Dbp--Xn\pw As-n

\nsf hnhn[ InI-fmbn `nnnv Hcp hn`m-K-s-smv asmcp
hn`m-Ks ]oV-\t- an-pXn\pw XnIpw Ign-hp-h
- Xs-bm-Ipp.
t\mp-I: F{]-Im-c-amWv \mw \psS kq- Ahv hniZoI-cnv sImSp-p--XvAh Pohn-X-ns s]mcp a\-n-em-p--Xn-\p-th-n.
sh-smw, sImSpmv, `qan-Ip-epw, maw, hc XpS-nb {]IrXn hn]p-I sImpw As-n \nsfs (apkvensfs) hnhn[ kwL-S-\-Ifmbn `nn-nv Hcphn`m-Kssmv asmcp hn`m-Ks Gp-apnnv inn-m
Ignhp--h-\mWv Amlp FmWv Cu kqw ]Tn-n-p--Xv. Cs\ kq-
hni-Zo-I-cn-p-Xv, Pohn-X-eyw (Po-hn-X-c-l-kyw) a\-n-emn Jp-B\ns Bibw
apdpsInSn-p-sImv `nn-msX H-kw-La
- mbn, Am-lp-hns kwL-ambn \ne-sImpXn\v thnbmWv (Ben-Cw-dm: 101103 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). Ckveman BZyw
apX Ay\mhsc H--kwLw am{X-am-Wv kXy-nep--Xv (ap-Pm-Zne: 22, amCZ: 56).
apkven-fpsS CS-bn-ep apkw-L--sfmw apivcnp-Ifpw ap-Pm-Zne: 19 ]d
]nim-Nns kwL-hp-amWv (_Jd: 176 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I).
\_n (k) kpZoL-amb \a-kvIm-c-n aqv -Im-cy- {]mn--Xn\v cv -Imcy-v Dcw e`n-p, aqm-as Imcy-n\v Dcw e`n-n-. ]qn-I-k-ap-Zmbs \in-n--Xp-t]mse sh-smw sImSp-mv XpS-nb {]Ir-Xn-tm-`- aptJ\
Fs kap-Zm-bs \in-n--cp-Xv, ap kap-Zm-b-mcm Fs kap-Zmbw ASn-a-s-S-cpXv Fo cv {]m-\-IfmWv Amlp kzoI-cn-Xv. Fm Fs Cu
P\s `nn-n--cpXv Fv {]mn--Xn\v adp]Sn sImSp-n-. Cv temI-s-hnsSbpw Jp-B\ns\ aqSn-sh-p--hcpw apl-Zv \_nsb If-hm-p-hcpw apkven
Xs-bm-sW-pw, Ah Xs-bmWv Ckvemans bYm i{Xp-sfpw ImWm-hp-Xm-Wv. Fm apkven-fp-sS-ta ap P\-Xv \_n-bpsS Cu {]m\ ImcWw
tatmbva \In-bn-n-spw a\-n-emmw. Cv temI-s-hn-sSbpw apkven
On-`n--am-bn-cn-p-I-bm-Wv. ako-lp-mens hc-thm-Sp-IqSn B `nnv ]q-am-Ip-Xpam-Wv. \_nbpsS aqm-as {]m-\-v D-cw sImSp-m-Xns s]mcp
CXn-eqsS \S-n-emhpIbmWv. Am-lp-hn-sbpw {]hm-NIsbpw hnizm-kn-I-fp-sSbpw
i{Xp- apkven-fn\np I]-S-hn-izmkn-I-fm-sWv AAvdm^v: 50-51, ^pn-ev:
26-28, ap\m-^n-Jq: 4 Fo kq--fn ]d-n-p-v. Cukm \_n-bpsS hc-thm-SpIqSn sslhcpw ss{IkvX-hcpsamw Ckvemw kzoI-cn-p-I-bpw, Cukm \_n-bpsS
ABw (6)
615
t\XrXz-n-ep hnizm-kn-I-fpsS kwLw ako-lp--m-ens klm-bn-I-fmb ap\m-^nJp-Isf h[nv An-km-Av: 91, Xu_: 123, Alvkm-_v: 61 kq--fpsS Iev]\ \Snem-p--Xpam-Wv. _-Jd: 67,113,159-161,251, Ben-Cw-dm: 10,21-22, amCZ: 105 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
66.
\ns P\X AXns\ (Jp-B\n-s\) If-hmn Xn--d-bpp. AXm-Is

kXy-w X-bmIp-p. Ah-tcmSv ]d-bp-I: Rm \n-fp-sS- ssIIm-cyImhv (ho-) Hp-a-.
kpa: 62- Amlp ]d-bpp: Am-lp-hmWv Fm hkvXp--sfbpw krn--Xv,

Ah Xs-bmWv Fm -Im-cy-nsbpw ssIIm-cy-I-mhp-w. kpa: 41-, \nbw,
\mw \ns-ta Cu {K-an-d-n-bXv ey-tm-Sp-IqSn P\-v thn-bm-Wv. Atm
BcmtWm AXv D]-tbm-Kn-v kamKw {]m]n--Xv, AXns KpWw Ah-\v -X-s-bm-Wv.
BcmtWm AXpsIms hgn-tI-Sn-em-b-Xv, AXns tZmjw Ahv (B-m-hn-\v) Xsbm-Wv. \o Ah-cpsS ssIIm-cy-Im-shm-p-a- Fp]d-np-v. bq\p-kv: 108
Amlp \_n-tbmSv ]d-bm Iev]n-pp: Hm a\p-jy-tc, \n-fpsS \mY-\n\np
kXyw (l-Jv) \nv hp-I-gn-p, Atm BcmtWm AXp-]-tbm-Knv kamKn-em-b-Xv, Ah kzn\p-th-n-s-bmWv kamK-n-em-b-Xv. BcmtWm
AXp-sIms hgn-tI-Sn-em-b-Xv, Atm AXns tZmjw Ahv X-s-bm-Wv. Rm
\n-fpsS ssIIm-cy-I-mshm-p-a-. AKm-_p: 13- Amlp ]d-bpp: Amlp-h-msX asmcp Cem-lp-an-, Atm hnizm-kn-I Am-lp-hn-emWv Fm-Im-cyfpw `c-ta]n-p-I (_Jd: 119,147, Ben-Cw-dm: 124, A-Bw: 104 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp
I). Cu lJv sImp-X-s-bmWv ]c-tem-Iv hn[n-Iev]n-p-I-sbp kpa: 69,75epw
Cu lJv Cs-n \msf hn[n-Zn-hkw {]hrn-I Xqp Xpem-kn Xq-ap-m-hnsv AAvdm^v: 89epw ]d-n-p-v (I-lv^v: 29, 103-105 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). AI-_q-v:
68-, BcmWv Am-lp-hn-s-ta Iw-sI-n--av ]d-bp--h-t\-m As-n lJv
(k-Xyw) Ah\v hp-In-nbtm AXns\ Xn--d--h-t\-m Ghpw henb A{Ian?
C-cw \ntj-[n-Iv \c-I-p-n ]mnSw t]msctbm Fv tNmZn-p-p. kpKvdp^v: 44- Amlp ]d-bpp: \n-bw, CXv (Jp-B) \n\pw \ns P\-X-p-ap Hcp
A\p-kva-c-Wam-Wv. \n AXn-s\-p-dnv tNmZyw sN-s-SpIXs sNpw. JpB
Inn-bnv AXv D]tbm-K-s-Sp-m Cu P\-X-s-Xn-cm-bn-mWv hn[n-Zn-hkw Jp-B\pw
sImphv apl-Zv \_n A\ymbw t_m[n-n-p-I-sbv ^pJm: 30 ]d-n-pv. apkvenw P\X Jp-B ]Tn-m\pw ]Tn-n-m\pw ]Ww sNe-h-gn-m Xm-dn
m-h--bn asmcp P\-Xsb Amlp Ahv ]-Icw sImp-h-cp-sav apl--Zv:
38 ]d-n-p-v. Ben-Cw-dm: 10se Im^ndpI, \c-I-ns hnd-Ip-Ifpw, kwL-S\-I-fmbn \ne-\n-p-sImpw {]Xn-êw hmnsmpw, Jp-B ]Tn-p-I-bpw ]Tn-np-Ibpw sNp apkven-fm-sWv \_n (k) ap-dn-bnv \In-bn-p-v. Ah JpB apdp-sI-n-Snv HkwL-ambn \ne-\nm Iev]n-m--h-cpw hnhn[ kwL-S-\-Ifmbn \ne-sImp--Xns\ \ymbo-Icn-p--h-cp-am-Wv. Cukm\_n h-tijw Cu kwLS-\-I-sfmw Cm-Xm-hp-Ibpw, kwL-S-\-p-thn hmZn-p ap\m-^n-Jp-I-sf-sbmw h[np-I-f-bp-Xp-am-Wv. Jp-B apdpsInSnv Pohn-p GI kwLs Ah-cpsS
i{Xpv Hcp D]-{Z-hhpw sNm Ign-bp-I-bn-sv \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. _Jd:
616
JpB\ns Bmhv
38,111,147-148, Ben-Cw-dm: 128-129, An-km-Av: 133, amCZ: 67 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.

67.
Fm hr-m-fpw {]Xy--amIp--Xn\v Hcp \nnX k`-ap-v.

ASp `mhn-bn \n-fXv Adn-bp-IXs sNpXpam-Wv.
68.
{]hm-N-Im, \psS kq-sf ]cn-l-knv kwkm-cn-p-tXm Ifn-bm-ptXm \o Im, Ah AXp-t]-nv ap kwkm-c--fn-tes-SpXphsc \o Ahcn\nv AIpt]mtI--Xm-Wv. ]nimNv \ns
AXns\smv ad-npI-bm-sW-n, Atm Hmhtijw \o
Acw A{I-an-Ifmb P\XtbmsSm-w C-cn-m ]mSp--X-.
Jp-B\n-s- B-ibw hf-sm-Snv ]d-bp I]-Sn-hi

- zm-kn-Isfbpw AXp-tI-n-cnp
\ntj-[n-Isfbp-amWv ChnsS A{I-an-I Fp-]-d-n-cn-p--Xv. Cu A{I-an-Iv
Jp-B \-a-msX hn-n-p-I-bn-sv Ckvdm-Av: 82 ]d-n-p-v. _Jd: 254,
An-km-Av: 140, amCZ: 51 t\mpI.
69.
Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-b-n kqnp Pohn-p apJov AhcpsS (A{Ian-I-fp-sS) Imcyn Hcp hnNm-c-W-bp-an-. Fm JpB
sImv Hms-Sp-p-IAh Am-lp-hns\ kqn-p--h-cm-Ip-Xn\pthn.
Am-lp-hns kq-sf ]cn-l-kn-p, hf-sm-Sn-p, Ah-K-Wn-p [nmcn-Isf kXy-n-tev \bn-t D-c-hm-Znw ap-Jo-n-. Fm ap-Jo Jp-B\ns hn[n-hn-e-p-I ]n]n Pohn-p-I-bpw, Ah-cn AXv kmywhlnp-I-bpw, AhcpsS lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn Ahsc DWp-Ibpw thWw. \msf
ssIIm-ep-I kwkm-cn-p-, sXmen-I kwkm-cn-p Zn\w, Ahv Hgn--Ig
- nhv ]dbm
CS-h-c-cp-Xv. am{X-a-, Cl-n imnbpw kam-[m-\-hp-ap Hcp PohnXw Dm-Im
Jp-B\ns Bibw ]n]-pIXs thWsav Ahsc DW-Ww. AAvdm^v:
164, i\n-bmgvN \mfn ao]n-SnXpsImv Ipc-am-cmbn ams B P\Xsb
pdnv, Amlp \in-n-m As-n ITn-\-ambn inn-m Dt-in-p Hcp P\Xsb \n-sf-n\v D]-tZ-in--W-sav B P\-Xbn\np asmcp hn`mKw tNmZn-tm: \n-fpsS dn- Hgn--I-gnhv e`n-m\pw, Ah kqva-X-bp ap-Jo--fmbn
amdp--Xn\pw thn-bm-Wv D]tZin-p--Xv Fm-bn-cpp ap-Jo-fpsS adp-]Sn. _Jd:
143, Ben-Cw-dm: 119,159, An-km-Av: 63,89-91, amCZ: 105 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
70.
X-fpsS Pohn-Xs Ifnbpw Xam-ib

- p-ambn sXsc-s-Sp-p-Ib
- pw ùXnI
Pohn-X-ns taml-h-e-b-m hn--s-Sp-Ibpw sNbvX-hsc \o shSn
bp-I. Cu Jp-B\ns Bi-bw-sImv Ahsc Hmn-n-pIHcp
Bmhpw Ah km-Zn-Xn \ncm-isSm-Xn-cn-m thn. Av
Am-lp-hns\qSmsX bmsXmcp c-It\m klm-bntbm ip]mi-It\m
Ahv AhnsS Dm-hpI-bn-. X\nv km[y-am-Ip km[-\--sfpw
]Icw sXw \In c-s-Sm-sapshm AXpw Ahfn\nv (Bm-hn\nv) kzoI-cn--s-Sp-I-bn-. Aq--cmWv Ah km-Zn--Xns
ABw (6)
617
t]cn \ncm-i-s-Sp--h. Ah kXys aqSn-shp \ntj-[n-I-fm-bnPohnncp-X

- n-\m Ahv Xnfps]m-p ]m\o-bhpw thZ-\m-P\
- I
- amb
in-bp-amWp--Xv.
kzKhpw \cIhpw km-Zn-tXv Hmtcm \^vkpw Xs-bmsWv Cu kqhpw
]Tn- n- pp. Ay- \ m- f nse in- s b- s mv \ncm- i - s - S m- X n- c n- m, AhnsS
hcmt]mIp Imcy- ChnsS\nv Xs Jp-B\ns Bi-b-ap-]-tbm-Knv a\-nem-p-I-bpw, Am-lp-hns kwL-amb GI kwL-neps-Sp-I-bpw, ]nim-Nn-s
kwLn\nv c-s-Sp-Ibpw thWw (^pJm: 27-30 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd:
28,48,254,281,286, Ben-Cw-dm: 30,90-91,106, amCZ: 57-58, A-Bw: 44 hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mpI.
71.
\_ntb Ah-tcmSv tNmZn-p-I: Am-lp-hns\qSmsX Rv D]-Imctam D]-{Z-htam hcp-m km[n-m--hsc R hnfnp {]mn-pItbm? Amlp Rsf kamKnem-n-b-Xn\ptijw C\n R
app-a-Sn ]ntmv ]nncnpt]mhp-I-tbm? ]nim-Np-fm ]np-Scsv
]cn-{`m-\
- mbn eyw \-sv, `q-an-bn Ae-bp-- Hcphs\tmse R
Bhp-Itbm? Ahs Iqp-Im Ahs\, Ctmv R-fpsS ASp-p
kamK-n-tephcq Fv hnfn-p-p-ap-v. ]d-bp-I: \nbw Amlphns kamK-wAXv am{X-am-Wv -kamKw. R k-tem-I--fp
sSbpw DS-a-bmb \mY\v kkzw kan-p--Xn\pthn Iev]n--s-h-cp-am-Wv.
AAvdm^v: 175, Jp-B kq--sfmw Inn-bnv AXn\nv Ducn-tmbhs\ ]nimNv ]n]pIbpw Ah Ahs\ ]mn-empIbpw sNbvXp. As\ Ah
eyt_m[w \jvSsv Dg-ep-h-\m-bn amdn- Fp]d-bp-p. Am-lp-hns kwLmcmb hnizm-kn-I-tfmSmWv, ]nim-Nns kwL-mcmb Im^n-dp-I-tfmSv tNmZn-m-\pw
]d-bm-\pw Cu kq-n Iev]n-p--Xv. _Jd: 120121,133,137139, 275, Ben-Cw-dm:
193194, An-km-Av: 116,120 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
72.
\a-kvImcw IrXy-ambn \ne-\nm-\pw Ahs\ lrZ-b-n kqnm\pw

R Iev]n--s-n-cn-p-p. Ah-\n-tev Xs-btm \n-sfmw
]p\o-hn-n-v H-cp-anpIq-s-Sp-I.
Am-lp-hn-\p-thn Pohn-p Ahs {]Xn-\n-[n-If

- m-Im\mWv hnizm-kn-I Iev]n-s-n-cn-p--Xv. AXn\v samw Jp-B\ns Bibw ]n]-t--Xpv. Amlv
Fp kvacW (Jp-B\ns Bi-bw) \ne\np--Xn-\p-thn \a-kvImcw \ne\nm-\mWv Xzmlm: 14 Iev]n-n-p--Xv, ]c-a-{]-[m\w Am-lp-hns kvacW AYhm
Jp-B\ns Bibw Xs-bm-sWv AI-_q-v: 45 ]d-n-p-v (AAvdm^v: 170,
A^m: 24, ^mXzn: 29, kpa: 22-23 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 238-239, Ben-Cw-dm:
191, An-km-Av: 103 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
73.
Ah Xs-bmWv BIm-i--sfbpw `qan-sbbpw ey-tmSpIqSn krnn-p-X

- .v GsXmcp \mfn Ah ]p\-cp-m\w kw`-hn-s Fv Iev]np-
618
JpB\ns Bmhv
p-thm, Am-fn AXv kw`-hnpw, Ahs hmp-I kXyw Xsbm
Ipp. Imlfw DuX-s-Sp \mfn Ahv am{X-am-bn-cnpw B[n-]-Xyw,
AZr-iy-fpw Zriy--fp-a-dn-bp-- GI, A-h bpn-m-\nbpw {XnIme-m-\n-bpw Xs-btm.
BIm-i-`q-an-Isf Amlp ey-tm-Sp-IqSn krn-n-p--Xm-sWv JpB-\n

]e-bn-S--fnepw ]d-bp-p-v. al-m-sbmcp Dtiyw B krjvSn-ns ]nn-ep-spw, AXn-eqsS _pn-in \Inb a\p-jy {kmhns\ Is-t--Xp-s-pw
hnfn--dn-bn-p-p. Ben-Cw-dm: 191, R-fpsS \mYm, CsXm-sbpw \o hyambn
krjvSn--X-sv Am-lp-hns\ kZm- kva-cn-p-sIm-n-cn-p _pn-amam kXnp-sav ]d-n-p-v. \mw BIm-i-`q-an-Ifpw Ah-n-S-bn-ep--hbpw hnt\m-Z-ambn krjvSnn-p--X-s-v ZpJm: 38-39-epw, \nsf \mw tIhew hrYm krjvS-np-sh-pw, \nsfm-cn-epw \n-tev aS--s-Sp-I-bn-spw \n IWv Iqnshn-cp-pthm Fv
apAvan\q: 115epw tNmZn-p-p-v (lnPv: 85, An-bm-Av: 30-31,47 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
Ahs hmp-I sImp hnh, Jp-B-\m-Wv. AXns hrmw Cu `qan-bn
Xs ]pe-cpsav ^pn-e-v: 53epw ]d-n-p-v. Jnbm-a-n-\m-fn Am-lp-hns
B-{]-Imcw "kq' F Iml-f-n HmaXv DuXnbm BIm-i--fnepw `qan-bnep-aphsbw \in-p--Xm-WvAmlp Dt-in--h-scm-gn-sI (Aw-ev: 87-, kpa: 68,
bmko: 49-50 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Av BIm-ihpw `qan-bp-samw AX-m--Xmn amn
AXns ]q Ah--bn-tev hcp--Xm-sWpw, Fm-hcpw ad-\on, Fmw ASn
`cn-p GIm-[n-]-\mb Am-lp-hns apn hcp--Xm-sWpw C_vdm-low: 48
]d-n-p-v (Aw-ev: 88, AJm-cnA: 15, kqd: knkne Fnh t\mp-I). cmaXv
DuXptm Fm-hcpw Ah-cpsS ih-p-gn-bn\nv Fgp-tv, X-fpsS \mY-\ntev
Hcp \m-p-dn-bn-te-s-tmWw IpXn-p--Xm-Wv (C_vdm-low: 43, bmko: 51-52, kpa:
68 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). aqm-as Dutm-Sp-IqSn Fm-Poh-Pm-e-fpw Am-lp-hns
apn lmP-cm--s-Sp-XmWv (bmko: 53 t\mp-I). At-Zn\w Hcp \^vkn-t\mSpw
A]wt]mepw A\oXn ImWn-p-I-bn-spw, Ah {]hn--Xn-\-msX {]Xn-êw
\Is-SpIbnspw bmko: 54, kpa: 69 Fo kq--fn ]d-n-p-v. At
Znhkw B[n-]Xyw ]c-aI
- m-cp-Wn-I\v am{X-am-bn-cn-p-sapw, \ntj-[n-Iv At Znhkw
hfsc _pn-ap-p--Xm-bn-cn-p-sapw ^pJm: 26 ]d-n-p-v (^pJm: 27-30,
bmko: 59-65, ^pn-e-v: 19-24 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). kzK-hm-kn-I Av D-a-amb
hn{ia kt-X--fn, Ghpw \-\n-e-bn a[ymw Ign-p-Iq-p--h-cm-bn-cn-p-sav
^pJm: 24 ]d-n-p-v (bmko: 55-58 Iqn-hmbnp-I). ^mnl: 3, _Jd:
234,255, amCZ: 117-120, ABw: 17-18,59 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
74.
C_vdmlow Xs ]nXmhv Bk-dn-t\mSv ]d-Xpw HmtXm-Wv, Xm

Cem-lmbn Cu _nw_--sf-bmtWm kzoI-cn-n-p-Xv? \nbw, Rm
Xm-sfbpw Xm-fpsS P\-X-sbbpw hy-amb hgn-tI-Sn-emWv ImWp--Xv.
C_vdmlow \_n-bpsS ]nXm-hns t]scSpp-cn-Xv Cu kq-n am{X-am

Wv. C_vdmlnw: 35-, C_vdmlow {]mn-Xpw Hmt-Xm-Wv: Fs \mYm, Cu
\mSn-s\ \o imn \n`-c-am-t-W-ta. _nw_-sf tkhn-p--Xn\npw, ]qPn-p--
ABw (6)
619
Xn\npw Fsbpw Fs km-\sfbpw \o tamNn-n-t-W-ta. adnbw: 42,

C_vdmlow Xs ]nXm-hn-t\mSv ]d k`w Hmt--Xm-Wv: Hm Fs ]nXm-th,
tIp-Itbm ImWp-Itbm Xmsmcp D]-Im-ctam D]-{Z-htam sNm--hv C_mZv sNp--sXmsWpw, 43, Hm Fs ]nXm-th, \nbw Xmv hp-Inm
Adnhv F\nv hp-In-n-bn-p-v, AXp-sImv Xm Fs ]n]-p-I, Xmsf Rm
Ghpw icn-bmb am-n-tev \bn-msapw, 44, Hm ]nXm-th, Xm ssim\p-thn Pohn-c
- p-Xv, \nbw ssim ]c-am-Im-cp-Wn-Is\ [ncn-h\mIpp Fpw,
45, Hm ]nXm-th, Xm ssims\ kwc--I\pw klm-bn-bp-ambn sXsc-s-SppI hgn ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I-\n\np in Xmsf _m[n-p-sapw Rm `b-s-Sp
p Fpw ]d-n-p-v (An-bm-Av: 5173, Ap-A-dm-Av: 69-104, AI-_q-v: 1627,
kzm-^m-v: 83-113 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). ^mnl: 4-7 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
75.
A{]-Imcw \mw C_vdmloan\v Atlw ZrV-hn-izm-kn-I-fn Ds-Sp--Xn\p-thn BIm-i--fp-sSbpw `qan-bpsSbpw A[n-Im-c-hy-h ImWn-p-sImSp-pI-bm-bn-cp-p.
_Jd: 260mw kqn, C_vdmlow \_n ac-n-hsc Pohn-n-p-Xv F-s\

sbv tNmZn-X
- n\ptij-amWv Amlp Cu {]m]-nI `c-Wc
- l
- kyw C_vdmlow \_nv
ImWn-p-sIm-Sp--sXv a\-n-em-m-hp--Xm-Wv. Ah-km-\-\m-fns {][m-\-s ]v
AS-bm-f--fpsS Iq-n Hcp arKw hv "a\p-jy \psS kq--fn ZrV-t_m-[yap--h-c' Fp-]-d-bp- cwKw \wev: 82 ap-dn-bnv \In-bn-p-v. Cv Jp-B\ns
Bibw D]-tbm-Kn-m apPvcnwI, \msf {kjvSm-hns apn Xe-Ip-\npsImv,
R-fpsS \mYm, R- Ip, tIp, Xncn-d
- np, Rv ZrV-t_m-[y-am-bn, Rsf
sFln-I-tem-I-tv Xncn--b-m R AhnsS Jp-B\ns Bi-b-a-\p-k-cnv
Pohn-p-sIm-m-sav ]d-bp-sav kPZ: 12 ap-dnbnv \In-bn-p-v. Pmknb: 20,
CXv a\p-jyv Dm-gvN-Zm-b-I-am sWpw (A-Bw: 104) ZrV-t_m-[y-ap hnizm-knIv kamKhpw Imcp-Wy-hp-am-sWpw ]d-n-p-v. Jp-B\ns Bi-b-ap-sn am{Xta ZrV-t_m-[y-ap-m-hp-I-bp-q. Ccw ZrV-t_m-[y-ap--hsc Xs-bmWv
^pJm: 59 "J_o' Fp-]-d-n-p--Xv. _Jd: 4, Ben-Cw-dm: 7 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
76.
As\ cmhv Ccp aqSn-b-tm, Hcp \{Xw {]Xy--s-XpIv

Atlw ]d-p: CXmWv Fs dv. Fm AXv AkvX-an--tm
Atlw ]d-p: AkvX-anp--hsb Rm CjvS-s-Sp-n-.
C_vdmlow \_n-bpsS Ime-p P\X _nw_-sf am{X-a ]qPn-p-Ibpw tkhnp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp--Xv, kqcy N{\{XmZnI-sfbpw hnhn[ Poh-Pm-e--sf-bpsamw
`b-s-Sp-Ibpw ]qPn-p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-p. Atm cm{Xn Ccp aqSnb Ah-k-c-n
\{Xw sXfnpI-tm Atlw P\--fpsS {i \-{X-n-tev Wn-p-Ibpw, AXv AkvX-an--tm Cm-Xm-Ip--hsb Rm Fs DS-a-bmbn \n-bn-m
CjvS-s-Sp-n-, Fs DSa Fspw Pohn-p--h-\pw, Dd-hpw ab--hp-an-m--h\pw, BZyhpw Ay-hp-an-m--h-\pw, Fmw ASn `cn-p GIm-[n-]\pw km[n-]-
JpB\ns Bmhv
620
\pw, tkzm-[n-]-\p-amb Am-lp-hm-Wv Fp-]-d-p.
77.
]ns N{ ]q-cq-]
- n ad-\on {]Xy-s
- -Xv I-tm Atlw
]d-p: CXmWv Fs dv. As\ AXpw Akv-X-an--tm ]d-p:
Fs dv Fs amK Zi\w sNpns-n \nbw Rm hgn-]n-g-
P\-X-bn s]pt]mhpIXs sNpw.
\-{X-^-e--fpw, kqcy- N-{m-Zn-Isf ASn-m-\-s-Sp-n-bn-p A-hn-izm-kfpw sImp\S-p P\X hgn-]n-g--h-cm-sWv Cu kqw ]Tn-n-p-p. ^mnl:
7mw kqn, hgn-]n-g--hcpsS Iq-nepw Rsf s]Sp--cp-sXv ]d-bp-tm
Ccw P\- - f psS hnizm- k m- N m- c - - shp- ] p- e p- - h - c n Rsf Ds]SpcpsXm-bn-cn-Ww a\-n-ep-m-th--Xv. Ben-Cw-dm: 90, An-km-Av: 50-51 hniZo-I-cWw t\mpI.
78.
As\ kq-cy ad-\on DZn-p-h-cp-Xv I-tm Atlw ]d-p:

CXmWv Fs dv. CXv Fm-nepw hep-Xm-Wv. Fm AXpw AkvX-an-tm C_vdmlow ]d-p: Hm Fs P\ta, \n Am-lp-hns A[nIm-cm-hI
- m-i
- f
- n ]p-tNp- kIe-Xn\npw \nbw Rm hnap\m-Ip-p (tam-Nn-X-\m-Ip-p).
{]hm-N-I-m-cpsS {]t_m-[\ ssienbpw bpnbpw \bhpw Chn-sS-\npw a\-nem-t--Xm-Wv. Jp-B-\ns Bibw Adn-bp--hv am{Xta B coXn kzoI-cn-m
Ign-bp-I-bpq. Am--h Ah-cpsS kwL-S-\-p-th-n-, `qcn-]-s Xr]vXn-s-Spp arZp-e-amb ssien-bmWv kzo-Icnp-I. \-{X-sbpw N{-s\bpw ]pnw-K-nepw, kqcys\ kv{Xoenw-K-n-ep-amWv D]-tbm-Kn-p-I-sbv Cu kq-fn\nv a\n-em-mw.
79.
\nbw Rm Fs apJw BIm-i--sfbpw `qan-sbbpw hncn-n-p-m-nb-h-\n-tep EPp-am-\-k-\mbn Xncn-n-cn-p-p. Rm Hcn-epw Ahs

A[n-Im-c-mh-Im-i--fn ]p-tNp--h-cn s]-h-\p-a-.
bq\p-kv: 104-106, Hm a\p-jytc, \n Fs Zo\n kwi-b-ap-f-f-h-cm-sW-n

\n Am-lp-hns\qSmsX Bp-th-n-bmtWm Pohn-p-Xv, Rm Ahpthn Pohn-p--h-\-. Fm Rm \nsf acn-n-p Am-lp-hn\pthn am{Xw
Pohn-p-h
- \
- m-Ip-p. Rm hnizm-kn-Ifn Ds-SW
- s
- av Iev]n-sSp-Ibpw sNbvXncn-p-p. \ns apJw t\sc-sNms EPp-am-\-k-\mbn Ah-\ntev Xncn--W-sapw, \o
Hcn-epw Ahs A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i--fn ]p-tNp--h-\m-I-cp-sX-pw, Am-lphns\qSmsX \n\v D]-Im-ctam D]-{Z-htam hcp-m km[n-m-h
- sc hnfnv {]mn-cp-sX-pw, As\ sNp-I-bm-sW-n \o A{I-an-I-fn s]-h Xs-bm-bn-cn-psapw ]d-bm apl-Zv \_n-tbmSv Amlp Iev]n-n-cn-p-p. _Jd: 135, Ben-Cwdm: 67, ABw: 40-41,5556 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
80.
At-l-ns P\X At-l-tmSv Xn-m XpS-n-b-tm Atlw
ABw (6)
621
tNmZn-p: Am-lp-hns Imcy-n-emtWm \n FtmSv Xn-p-Xv?

Ah-\m-Is F\nv kamKw ImWnpXn-cn-p-p. \n Ah-\n
]p-tNp--Xn \np Hns\bpw Rm `b-s-Sp-n-Fs \mY
F\nv Fs-nepw Dt-in-msem-gnsI. Fs \mY Fm-h-kvXp-sfpdnpap Adnhv hebw sNbvXh
- \
- m-Ip-p. Atm \n C\nbpw
lrZbwsImv kvacn-phcstbm?
Cu kw`-h- hni-Zo-I-cnp sImSp-p-tm C_vdmlow \_n-bpsS P\-X
C_vdmlow \_n-tbm-Spw, am apivcnp-I apl-Zv \_n-tbmSpw Am-lp-hn-s- Im-cyn Xn-p-Ibpw hmZn-p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-p. Ben-Cw-dm: 65-66 kq--fn
\_n-bpsS Imev aZo-\-bn-ep-m-bn-cp PqXamcpw ss{Ik-vX-hcpw Am-lp-hns Imcynepw C_vdmlow \_n-bpsS Imcy-nepw apl-Zv \_n-tbmSv Xn-n-cp--Xmbn
ImWmw. Am-lp-hns\qSmsX Ah hnfnp {]mn-p, ]qPn-p-, tkhn-p
t\ hgn-]m-Sp-I An-p _nw_-, alm-m-, ae-p-I, Pnp-I XpSnbhcpsS Kpcp--tSv (im-]w) G-XmWv {]hm-N-Iampw hnizm-kn-Ip-sa-v
Fm-Im-e-p-ap inv sNp--h ]d-n-cp-p. lqZv: 5356 kqfn, lqZv
\_n-bpsS P\X lqZv \_n-tbmSv, Hm lqZv, \o hy-am-sbmcp ZrjvSmw sImp-h-n-tm, \ns hmp-tIv R R-fpsS Cem-lp-Isf Hgn-hm-p--h-c-, R
\nn hnizknph-cp-a. R ]d-bp--Xv, R-fpsS Cem-lp-I-fn NnecpsS
Zpjn_m[ (Kp-cp--t-Sv) \ns _m[n-n-p-s-m-Wv. Atm lqZv \_n ]d-p:
Rm\nXm Am-lp-hns\ am{Xw Cem-lmbn kmywhln-p-p, \n Ahs\q
SmsX ]p-tNp--hscsmsmw Rm hnap--\m-sWv \n kmywhlnp-Ibpw sNp-I. Atm \nsfmhcpw Hcp-anv F\n-s-Xnsc X{w sa\-psIm-p-I, ]ns \n F\n-smcp kmh-Imiw Xtc--Xp-an-. \n-bw Rm,
Ftbpw \n-fp-sSbpw DS-a-bmb Am-lp-hn-emWv `c-ta]n-n-cn-p--Xv. Hcp Pohn-bpan AXns ISn-m (\n-b-{-Ww) Ahs ]-em-bn-sm--m-sX. \nbw
Fs dv Ghpw sNmmb amK-n-em-Ip-p Fp-]-d-n-p-v. Fm- h-kvXp--fpsSbpw DS-a-bpw, Ahsbpdn-p Fm hnh-c-fpw Nqgv-dn-bp--h-\p-amb {XnIm-em-\n-bmb Amlp Dt-in-msX Hcp Xnbpw hcn-I-bn-sv hniz-kn-p--h-cmWv
hnizm-knI. C_vdmlow \_n hnizm-kn-I-fn s]-h-\m-bn-cp-p Fv kzm-^m-v:
111 ]d-n-p-v. _Jd: 255, An-km-Av: 78-79 , ABw: 37 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-pI.
Atm \n C\nbpw lrZbwsImv kvacn-p--hc-stbm Fp tNmZyw
Cp Jp-B ]mcm-bWw sNp apkven-tfm-Sm-Wv. Ah-cn ap\m-^nJpw ^mPndpw
tNmZy-v adp-]Sn sImSp-m--h-cpw, hnizmkn am{Xw adp-]Sn sImSp-p--h-\p-am-Wv.
lrZbwsImv Jp-B\ns Bibw a\-n-em-m-\mWv Amlp Ffp--am-n-bn-p-sXv Ja: 17 ]d-n-p-v. Atm Jp-B\ns Bibw a\-n-emn Am-lphn-s\bpw Am--h-scbpsamw Xncn--dn-bp-I-bpw, Am-lp-hns Ign-hpw, Am--hcpsS Ign-hp-w Xncn--dnv Fmw Am-lp-hn `c-tanv, Am-lp-hns\ am{Xw `bsv, B{i-bnv am-scbpw `b-s-Sm-sX, B{i-bn-msX Xe-bp-bn-smv `qan-bn
Ncn-p--h-cmbncnpw Jp-B ]n]-p hnizm-kn-I (Alv: 99-100 Iqn-hm-bnpI). kPZ: 4mw kqw Ah-km-\n-p-Xpw "C\nbpw \n kvacn-p--h-cm-Ip-n-
622
JpB\ns Bmhv
stbm' F tNm-Zy-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. _Jd: 152, Ben-Cw-dm: 79,122, An-km-Av: 116118 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
81.
\n ]p-tNp--hsc Rms\-s\ `b-sSpw? Amlp bmsXmcp

sXfnhpw ({]-am-W-hpw) \nv Ah-X-cn-n-p Xn-n-m--hsb Ahs
]m-fn-I-fm-p-Xn\v \n `b-s-Sp-n-m-sb-n-cns. Atm Cu
cp-hn`mK-fn imnpw \n`-b-Xz-n\pw IqSp-X Al-X-bp-Xv
Bm-sWv \n hn-h-ca-- ph-cm-sW-n (]dpXcn-I).-
A-mlp-hns A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i--fn ]p-tNp Xs P\-Xsb C_vdmlow

\_n shp-hnfnXpt]mse \qlv \_n Xs P\-Xsb shp-hn-fn Imcyw bq\p-kv:
71 ]d-n-p-v. Atlw Xs P\-X-tbmSp ]d-p: Hm Fs P\-ta, \n-fn
Fs \ne-\npw, Am-lp-hns kq- sImp Fs XmoXpw \nv
kln-m Ign-bp-n-s-n Rm Fs Imcyw Am-lp-hn `c-tanncnp-p,
\nfpw Am-lp-hns A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i--fn ]p-tNp \nfpsS ]m-fn-I-fpsamw Hcp-an-p-IqSn Hcp kwbp--Xo-cp-am\w ssIsIm-p-I. \nsf-Spp Xocp-am-\n Hcp ]gpXpw \nv Ahy--am-hm-Xn-cn--s, Fnv F\nsXncn AXv
{]mhn-I-am-p-I, F\nv Hpw Ah-kcw \tI--Xpan-. AAvdm^v: 194-195, aplZv \_n Xs P\-Xsb shp-hn-fn Imcyw ]d-n-p-v. \nbw \n Amlphns\qSmsX hnfnv {]mn-p--h \nsftmep ASn-a-I am{X-am-Wv. Atm
\n Ahsc hnfnp-I, Ah \nv adp-]Sn \Ip--sXmv ImW-s\n
kXyw ]d-bp--h Xs-bm-sW-n. A; Ahv \S-m-\p Imep-I-fp-tm? Asn Ahv ]nSn-m-\p ssII-fptm As-n Ahv \nsf ImWm-\p
Ip-I-fptm Asn Ahv \nfpsS hnfn-tIm-\p ImXp-I-fptm? {]hmN-Im ]d-bp-I: \n \n-fpsS ]m-fn-I-sf-sbmw hnfn-p-I, ]ns F\n-s-Xn-cmbn
KqV-X{w sa\-bp-I, Atm \n-sf-\nv Hcp kmh-Im-ihpw \tI--Xn-.
samw a\p-jy cv -hn-`m-K-am-Wp--Xv. Am-lp-hns kwLhpw (ap-Pm-Zne: 22)
]nim-Nns kwLhpw (ap-Pm-Zne: 19). Fm apkvenw kwL-S-\-Ifpw ]nim-Nns kwLnshcpw, _Jd: 137,176, A-Bw: 158-159, Adqw: 31-32, An-bm-Av: 92-94, apAvan\q:
51-53, Aqd: 1315, XpS-nb kq-fpsS Iev]\ Xn--d apivcnp-I-fp-am-Wv.
Ah-cpsS kwL-S\m t\Xm-am-sc-bmWv Cukm \_n h-Xn-\p-tijw An-km-Av:
91, Xu_: 123, Alvkm-_v: 61 Fo kq-f
- psS Iev]\
- {- ]-Imcw hnizm-kn-If
- psS kwLw
h[n-p-I. Ben-Cw-dm: 103 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
82.
kXy- h n- i zmkw kzoI- c n- p- I - b pw X- f psS hnizm- k s bmsXmcp

A\oXnsImv aen-\a
- m-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNbvXh
- c
- m-tcm, Aq-v Xsbm-Ipp imnbpw \n`-bXz-hp-ap--Xv. Ah Xs-bmWv kamKw
{]m]n--h-cpw.
apPm-Zne: 22 ]d Am-lp-hns kwL-ns hnizm-kn-ImWv Cuam

tcJ-s-Sp-n-bn-p--Xpw Am-lp-hn\np dqlv Cp-sIm-Sp--s-Sp--Xpw. dqlv JpB Xs-bm-sWv \lv: 2, Aqd: 52 kq--fnepw ]d-n-p-v. AYhm AXv
ABw (6)
623
"Ien-am-m'-Wv. Jp-B-\ns hymJym-\-amb Ien-amv ]d-mepw Fgp-Xn-bmepw Xocnsv I-lv^v: 109, epJvam: 27 kq--fn ]d-n-p-v. dqln-s\-p-dnv tNmZn-m,
AXv Fs dns Imcy-ns--Xm-Wv, \nv Adnhn\nv A]-a-msX
\Inbnn-sv ]d-bm-\mWv Ckvdm-Av: 85- \_n-tbmSv Iev]n-n-p--Xv. hnizm-knI
Am-lp-hns {]Xn-\n-[n-Ifpw Ah-s\- X-fpsS DS-a-bmbn kzoI-cn--h-cpw, Ah-s\-bmsX am-scbpw `b-s-SmsX Ah-\p-thn am{Xw Pohn-p--h-cp-am-Wv. Ah XsbmWv kamK-n-ep--h-scv ]d--Xns hnh-, Ah am{X-amWv kamKamb
Jp-B D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p--h- F-m-Wv. Jp-B\ns samw Bi-b-an-msX
hnizmkw cq]-s-Sp-I-bn-. ^mnl: 4, _Jd: 5,186, amCZ: 3,54 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
83.
AXm-bn-cpp \mw C_vdm-lo-an\v Xs P\-Xs-Xnsc \In-b- \ymbhmZw.

\mw Dt-in-p--hsc \mw Db ]Z-hn-Ifntev Dbpp. \n-bw\ns dv bpn-\mb k--m\n Xsb-tm.-
Jp-B- \n\-v {]am-W-amWv As-n \n\v FXn {]am-W-am-Wv Fv \_n

(k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. Jp-B\ns Bibw a\-n-emn {]hm-N-Iamcpw hnizm-kn-I-fpamb Am-lp-hns kwL-ns hgn ]np-Sp Pohn-m Ahv A\p-Iq-e-ambn
Jp-B hmZn-p-Ibpw kmn\np-Ibpw, Ahsc kzKn-tep \bn-p-Ibpw
sNp--Xm-Wv. Fm BcmtWm Jp-B-t\m-Xp-I-bpw Bibw ]Tn-msX, Am-lphnsbpw ]nim-Nnsbpw amKw Xncn--dn-bmsX, `qcn-]--n-sbpw kwL-S-\-m-cp-sSbp-samw amKamb ]nim-Nns amKn Pohn-p-Xv, Ahs-Xn-cm-bnv Jp-B
hmZn-p-Ibpw kmn\np-Ibpw, Ahsc \c-I-n-tev XnhnSp-Ibpw sNp--XmWv. Jp-B Am-lp-hn\nv D--XmWv, AXv Am-lp-hn-tev aS-p--Xp-am-Wv.
AXp-sImv AXns\ \n apn \S-Ww AmsX ]nn-em--cp-Xv, ]nn \Sn-bm AXv \nsf \c-I-n-tev Xn-hn-Sp-sav \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. (AI_q-v: 45 t\mp-I). _Jd: 170171, amCZ: 19,90-91,104, A-Bw: 19 hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mpI.
84. \mw At-l-n\v Ckvlm-Jv, bAvJq_v XpS-nb kXn-Isf HuZm-cyambn \IpIbpw Fm-hs
- cbpw kamK-n-em-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Atln\papv \qlns\ \mw kamKn-em-n-bn-p-v. At-l
- ns (C_vdmlo-ans) kXn-Ifn s]hcmWv Zmhq-Zv, kpsse-am, Aq-_v, bqkp^v,
aqkm, lmdq XpS-n-b-hcpw. A{]-Im-c-amWv \mw Am-lp-hns\ IpsImv Ncn-p kpIr-X-hmamv {]Xn-êw sImSp-p-I.
bqkp-^v: 22, Jk-kv: 14 kq- Ah-km-\n-p-Xpw CtX Bi-b-n-em-Wv.
\nbw A{]-Im-c-amWv \mw kpIr-X-hmamv {]Xn-êw sImSp-pI F Bi-bn-emWv kzm^m-v: 80,105,121,131, apk-em-v: 44 kq- Ah-km-\n-p--Xv. kzm^mv: 110 Ah-km-\n-p--Xv, A{]-Im-c-am-Ipp \mw kpIr-X-hmamv {]Xn-êw sImSppI F Bi-b-n-em-Wv. BenCw-dm: 134-135 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
85.
kI-cn-mbpw blvbmbpw Cukmbpw Cbmkpw At-l-ns kXn-Ifn s]-hcpw, Fm-hcpw k-\--fn s]-h-cp-am-Wv.
JpB\ns Bmhv
624
^mnl: 6, _Jd: 130 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
86.
Ckvam-Cu-epw, Ab-kDw bq\pkpw eqzpw At-l-ns k-Xn-Ifn s]-h Xs-bm-Ip-p. Ah-scsb-m-h-scbpw \mw k-tem-I-tcm t{ijvT-cm-p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-p-p.
87.
Ah-cp-sS ]nXm--fn\npw kXnI-fn\npw ktlm-Z-cfn\npw

hfsctsc \mw temI-cn t{ijvT-cm-n-bn-p-v. Ah-sc-sbmw \mw
\psS tkh-\-n-\mbn sXsc-s-Sp-p-I-bpw, t\sc sNms-bp
amKn-tev amK-Zi\w sNp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cnpp.
88.
AXmIpp Am-lp-hn-s kamKw. Xs ASn-a-I-fn Xm\p-t-in-p-hsc AXp-sIm--v (Jp-BsImv) Ah kamKn-te-m-pp.

Fm Ah Am-lp-hns A[n-Im-c-mh-Im-i--fn ]p-tNp-I-bmsW-n, Ah-cpsS I--sfmw ]mgmbntmbXpXs.
Am-lp-hn-tev BZw \_n apX Ay-\m hsc HamKamWp--Xv. lZo-Zv:

19 ]d hnizm-kn-I-fpsS B amKn-emWv Fm {]hm-N-Iam-cpw kno-Jo--fpw
(k-Xy-s-Sp-p--h) ipl-Zm-fpw (kXy kmn-I) kmen-lo-fpw (k--\-)
Df-f-Xv. AXmWv apPm-Zne: 22 ]d Am-lp-hns kwLw. Jp-B-\m-Ip lpZm
sImmWv B amKn-tev Amlp Ah-\n--ap--hsc \bn-p--Xv. Am-lphns
A[n-Im-c-mh-Imi-fn ]p-tNm {]hrn-I-sfmw \jvS-sv PohnXw \jvS-s-h-cn Ds-Sp-sav kpa: 65 ]d-n-p-v. inv hcm-Xn-cn-m-\p GI hgn
Jp-B\ns Bi-bh
- p-ambn _-sv \S-
- f
- nepw Ccp-
- f
- n-ep-w InS-p-If
- nepsamw
Amlphns\ kvacn--em-Wv (AAvdm^v: 178, dAvZv: 28, kpa: 63, liv: 19, ap\m-^n-Jq:
9 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). ^mnl: 5, _Jd: 2,121, An-km-Av: 69,103, ABw: 14 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mpI.
89.
Aq--cmWv \mw thZhpw XXz-m-\hpw {]hm-N-I-Xzhpw \In-b-h.

Atm Cq AXv kzoI-cn-m hnk-Xn-p-p-sh-n (km-c-an-)
AXns\ \ntj-[n-m asmcp P\-n\v \mw B A\p-{Klw Gn-p
sImSpn-cn-p-p.
H th-Zw -am{XamWv BZyw apX hn-p--Xv. XXz-m\sam, Imcy-

bYmambn a\-n-em-m-\p Xncn--dn-hmWv. AYhm {K-ns Amlp Dtin Bi-b-n-ep hni-Zo-I-c-WamWXv. ^pJm: 33 Amlp ]d-bp-p: B
P\XbpsS tNmZyn-\p bYm D-chpw (Jp-B-\pw), Ay-\mhsc-bp P\X
C\n AXp-t]m-ep tNmZy- tNmZn-t--Xn-m hn[-n-ep hymJym-\hpw JpB-\nXs \In-bn-p-v. AXmWv lnIva-v. _Jd: 269, Ben-Cw-dm: 58,138,164,
An-km-Av: 131-133 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Am-lp-hn\nv h-lvbv (Zn-hyt_m[\w) e`n-p-h
- c
- mWv \_n-amcpw {]hm-NIamcpw. Ah B "\p_p-v' ({]hm-N-I-Xzw) aptJ\ Am-lp-hns Zmkamv t\Xr-
ABw (6)
625
Xzhpw amK-Zi-\hpw \Ip-p. bYm-n \p_p-pw {K-ns hni-Zo-I-c

W-w Xsbm-Wv. AXm-bXv {Kw hni-Zo-I-cn-m thn Ab--s--h-cmWv \_namcpw {]hm-N-Iam-cpw (_Jd: 213, An-km-Av: 105 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). C_vdmlow
Ckvam-Cu \_n-amcpsS ]nKm-an-I-sfv A`n-am-\n-n-cp-, Fm Ime-{I-taW hgn]n-gv apivcnp-I-fm-bn-o am apivcnp-I Cu ZuXyw (C-kvem-ans\ P\-v
Fn-p-sIm-Sp-p- ZuXyw) \n-ln-m Xm-dn-s-n th, Amlp AXn\v
Xm-dp Hcp sNdnb hnizm-kn-I-fpsS hn`m-Ks Gn-n-p-smWv kq-n
]d-bp--Xv (Ben-Cw-dm: 104-105,110 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). apl--Zv: 38, Cs
Ghpw henb Pnlm-Zmb, Jp-B\ns Bibw ]Tn-m\pw ]n]-m\pw samw P\v ]Tn-n-m\pw apkven Xm-dm-bn-n-s-n Ah-cpsS m\v asmcp P\Xsb sImp-h-cp-sa-pw, Ah ]ns Chsctmse Bhp-I-bn- FpamWv ]dbpXv.
Im^n Bcm-sWv a\-n-em-m _Jd: 254s hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Ben-Cwdm: 68, amCZ: 56 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
90.
Aq-cmWv Am-lp- kamKnem-nbh. Atm Ah-cpsS B

kamK-n \obpw Ncn-p-I. ]d-bp-Ibpw sNpI: CXns (Jp-B
Fn-p-X-cp--Xns) t]cn Rm \n-tfmSv Hcp {]Xn-^-ehpw tNmZnpn. \nbw CXv k-tem-Ipw s]mXp-hm-bp-smcp A\p-kvacWw (ap--dn-bn-v) A-msX asm-p-a-.
kzmZv: 86- \_n-tbmSv ]d-bm Iev]n-pp: Cu Jp-B Fn-p-X-cp--Xn\v

Rm \n-tfmSv Hcp {]Xn-^-ehpw tNmZn-p-n-. Rm ]d-bp-Xv {]hn-msX
]pdw-]qv ]d-bp--h-\p-a-. 87, CXv ktem-Ip-ap Hcp DW-e-msX asmp-a-. Am-lp-hns kt-i-amb Jp-B\ns Bibw Fn-p-sIm-Sp-p--Xn-\pthn Hcp {]hm-N-I\pw Hcp {]Xn-^-ehpw hmn-bn-n- F-n-cn-s Jp-B\ns Bib-an-msX Hmp-]-Tn-nv hmS-I-hmnnp--h-cpw Xop--h-cp-samw Im^n-dp-Ifpw
(B-en-Cw-dm: 10), X-fpsS hb-n Xo \nd-p-hcp-am-Wv (_Jd: 174-176, An-kmAv: 167-169 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI). ^pJm: 56, \mw \ns ktm-j- hm-bdn-bn-p--h\pw XmoXv \Ip--h-\p-am-bn--msX Ab-n-n-, 57, \o ]d-bp-I: Cu
Jp-B (k-t-iw) FnpXcp--Xn\v Rm \n-tfmsSmcp {]Xn-^-ehpw tNmZn-pn-, BcmtWm X-fpsS \mY-\n-tev hgn sXsc-s-Sp-m Dt-in--Xv AsXmgnsI. AYhm \n \n-fpsS DS-a-bn-tep Fn-s-S-m\mWp Rm Cu Jp-B
\nfn Pohnv ImWnpXcp--Xv, Atm AXn-\p-- {]-Xn-êw Fs \mY-\n\nv
Rm kzoI-cn-p--XmWv, Chn-sS-shv \n-tfmSv Hpw Rm tNmZn-p-n-. Hcmsf
hnizm-kn-bm-p--XmWv `qan-bn-ep k-kzw t\Sp--Xn-t\-m D-a-sav Aen
(d)s\ D]-tZ-in-p-I-hgn \_n (k) ]Tnnn-p-v. \nbw Cu Jp-B XfpsS
\mY-\n-tev Fn-s-Sm-\p-t-in-p--hsmcp Sn-m-sWv Ckm: 29-epw, apkn: 19epw ]d-n-p-v. Fm AXv Sn-mbn D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-pI ap-Jo-
am{X-am-sWv AlmJ: 48- ]d-n-p-v (bmko: 21, ApA-dmAv: 127,145,164,180
Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 159-161, Ben-Cw-dm: 86-88, amCZ: 41-44 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
\nbw, Cu Jp-B k-tem-Ip-ap Hcp A\p-kva-c-Ww, DW,
JpB\ns Bmhv
626
Dt_m-[\w, Xmo-Xv AmsX asm-p-a-. AYhm BcmWv Am-lp, BcmWv ]nimNv, Fhn-sS-bmWv a\p-jy BZyw krjvSn--s--Xv, FmWv Ah-cpsS Bm-hvico-cw,
Ahsc `qan-bn \ntbm-Kn--Xns eyw, BcmWv ae-p-IPnp-I{]hm-N-Iam,
BcmWv kzKn-te-p--h, BcmWv \c-I-n-te-p--h, F-s\bmWv ]c-temIs hnNm-cWm coXn\c-I-nse inmItTm-c-kzKnse A\p-`q-Xn-I,
BcmWv Im^n, BcmWv apAvan XpSn Fm Imcy-fpw lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn
]d-psImSpp Jp-B\ns Bi-b-amWv "ZnIvdm' As-n "AnIv' sImp-tin-p--Xv. bmko: 69, CsXmcp ZnIvdpw, hy-amb Jp-B-\p-a-msX asm-p-a-
Fp]d-n-p-v. AnIv Jp-B\ns Bm-hpw, Ad-_n-bn-ep sSIvv Jp-B\ns
ico-c-hp-am-Wv. kzmZv: 1, bmko: 11, kpKvdp-^v: 36,44, An-bm-Av: 7,50, lnPv: 69, PpapA:
9, ap\m-^n-Jq: 9, AI-_q-v: 45, Alv: 43 XpSn Npcp-n-bXv \qtdmfw efn AnIv F]Zw hn-p-v. Ahn-sS-sbmw Jp-B\ns lrZ-b-ns `mj-bnep Bi-b-amWv "An-Iv'. kqd: Jadn \mep-{]m-hiyw Amlp Bhnp tNmZnp-p: \nbw Cu Jp-B\ns\ lrZbwsImv a\-n-em-m (B-ibw a\-n-emm) \mw hfsc Ffp--am-n-bn-cn-p-p, Atm Bcp--Xn\v Xm-dp--h?.
"ZnIvdm' F-]Zw AAvdm^v: 2, lqZv: 120, A^Pv: 23 Fo e--fnsemw
hn-p-v. CXn AAvdm^v: 2epw lqZv: 120epw hnizm-kn-Iv CsXmcp A\p-kva-cW-am-sW-mWv ]d-n-p--Xv. ^Pv: 23, \cIw ASp-n-pZn\w a\p-jyv
t_m[ywhcpw, Ah ZnIvdm (ap-dnbnv) D]-tbm-Kn-n-cp-s-n F{X \m-bn-cp-ts\-sb-v. Cu kq-nepw k-tem-Ip-ap ap-dnbnv F Bi-b-n-emWv
"ZnIvdm' F ]Zw D]-tbm-Kn-n-pXv. Atm ZnIvdm samw a\p-jyp--Xm-Wv,
AXv D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p--h hnizm-kn-I am{Xhpw Am--h AXp-]-tbm-K-s-Sp-m-Xn tJZn-ph-cp-am-bn-cn-pw. Ah, Hm Fs \miw, Fs Bbpv Rm sh
dpsX If-tm Fv hne-]n-p cwKw ^Pv: 24 ]d-n-p-v. AlmJ: 50-,
\nbw Cu Jp-B Inn-bnv aqSn-sh-p \ntj-[n-Iv s\SpwtJZ-n\v CShcnIXs sNpsapw, Ckvdm-Av: 82-, [nm-cn-Iv Cu Jp-B \a-msX hnn-p-I-bnspw, Xu_: 125-, Cu Jp-B I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Iv amen-\y-n-\p-ta
amen-\y-a-msX hn-n-p-I-bnspw ]d-n-p-v. _Jd: 2,24,38-39,186, amCZ: 10, ABw:
25-26 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I.
91.
Ah Am-lp-hns\ ]cn-K-Wn-thn[w ]cn-K-Wn-n-Amlp a\pjyv bmsXmpw Cd-n-bn-n-s--h ]d--tm. \o tNmZn-pI:

a\p-jysmw {]Im-ihpw amKZi-\-hp-ambn aqkm sImp-h--Xpw,
\n IS-em-kp-I-fn- tcJ-s-Spn AXn\nv A]w shfn-s-Sp-p
Ibpw Gsd Hfn- npshp- I bpw sNp- - , \npw \n- f psS
]q]nXm-pw Inn-bn-n-m AdnhpI \n ]Tn-ns-Xpamb
B {Kw Ah-Xc
- nn-Xv ]ns Bcm-Ipp? \o ]d-bp-I: Am-lphmsWv,
]ns Ah-sc Ah-cpsS ]cn-lm-k--fnepw IpX--fnepw hnl-cn-m
hnSpIbpw sNp-I.
Ah Am-lp-hns\ ]cn-K-Wn-t-- hn[w ]cn-K-Wn-n- FXn\v, Am-lp-hn\v
ABw (6)
627
\tI m\w \In-bn, Am-lp-hns\ sht ev shn Fsmw

Bi-b-ap-v. Ahsc krn Amlp `qan-bn Ahv Pohn-p-Xn-\pth hn[n-hne-p-I-fpw kzKn-tev Xs Xncn-p-t]m-Im-\p amK-Zi-\hp-sampw \In-bnn-- Fv ]d-bpI hgn. Pohn-X-eyw a\-n-em-m--h-scmw Am-lp-hns\ hnizknthn[w hniz-kn-m--hcpw Cq-n s]Sp--h-cpamWv. Jp-B-\n ]d-n-pXv FmsWv a\-n-em-m--hcpw AX-\p-k-cnv hnizmkw cq]-s-Sp-m--h-cpw,
AXn-\-\p-k-cnv I- sNm--hcpw Cq--nX-s-bmWv Ds-SpI. \akvIm-cw, t\mv, kIm-v, lv XpS-nb I--sfmw kzoI-cn--s-Sm _Jd: 186
cv hyh--I ]d-n-p-Xv {in-p-I. Xu_: 115 Amlp ]d-bp-p: Amlp
Hcp P\-Xsb kamK-n-em-n-b-Xn-\p-tijw Ah GsXms hn[n-hn-e-p-I-fmWv
]n]-t--sXv Ahv hy-am-msX Ahsc hgn-tI-Sn-em-pI FXv Am-lphn\v tbmPn--X-. \nbw Amlp Fm-Im-cy--fpw Adn-bp k--\-tm. lv:
73 Amlp ]d-bp-p: Hm a\p-jy-tc, Amlp FSp-p--cn-p D]a \n {inv
tIp-hn, \nbw \n Am-lp-hns\qSmsX hnfnp {]mn-p--h-cp--tm,
Ah Hcp Cusbtmepw krjvSn-p--h-c-, AXn\v Ah-sc-m-hcpw Hcp-anpIqSnbmepw icn. am{X-a Cu Ah-cpsS Npn\nv Fs-nepw Xn-smv t]mbm
B Cu-bn\nv AXv Xncns-Sp-mt]mepw Ahv km[y-a-. klmbw tXSp-h-cpw tXSsSp-hcpw _e-lo-\ Xs-bm-Ip-p. 74 Amlp ]d-bp-p: Am-lphns\ Ah ]cn-K-Wn-t hn[w ]cn-K-Wn-n-, \nbw Amlp Fm-n\pw inb--h-\pw _e-hm-\pw AP--\pw tNmZyw sN-s-Sm--h\pamb k-{]-Xm]n Xsbm-Ip-p. kpa: 67, Ah Am-lp-hns\ ]cn-K-Wn-t hn[w ]cn-K-Wn-n, Ay\m-fn `qan apgp-h Npcpn (CSXpIn-epw) BImi apgp-h Npcpn heXpInepw
]nSn-p-X
- mWv. Ah P]n-p ]m-fn-
- n \nsmw AXyp-X
- \mb Amlp
AXo-h ]cn-ip--\-s{X. apAvan: 16, Ap Fm-hcpw ad-\on Ahs apn {]Xy-s-Sp--Xm-Wv, Am-lp-hns\smv Ah-cn \nsmpw adp \np-I-bp-an-,
Ap tNmZn--s-Spw: BmWv B[n-]Xyw? adp-]Sn \Ipw: Fmw ASn `cn-p
GI-\mb Am-lp-hn\v am{X-am-Wv.
bmko: 15, Hcp \mn-tev \ntbm-Kn-s
- aqv {]hm-NI
- am-tcmSpw B \mnse
P\X ]dp: \n R-sftmep a\p-jy-c-msX am-cp-a-, ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I
HpwXs Ah-X-cn-n-n-pan-, \n \pW]d-bp--h-c-msX am-cp-a. apIv: 8,
Fm {]mh-iyhpw Im^n-dp-I-fpsS Hmtcm kwLs \c-I-n-tep hen-s-dn-bp-tm
AXns ]mdm-hp-Im Ah-tcmSv tNmZn-pw: \nv ap-dn-bn-p-Im-scmpw hn-cp
nt? 9, Ah adp-]Sn ]d-bpw: AtX, \nbw Rv ap-dn-bn-p-Im hn-cpp, Atm Ahsc R Xn--dbpI-bpw, Amlp HpwXs Cd-n-bn-n-,
\nbw \n hn hgn-tI-Sn-e-msX asm-n-ep-a Fv Ah-tcmSv R ]d-bp
Ibpw sNbvXp. 10, Ah hopw ]d-bpw: Hm! R {]hm-N-Iam-cpsS {]t_m-[\w
(Jp-B\ns Bibw) Hp -tI-n-cp-s-n As-n R _pn-bp-]-tbm-Knp
Nnn-n-cp--h-cm-bn-cp-s-n (bm-ko: 62 t\mpI) Cu In-bm-fp \c-I-ns
kl-hm-kn-Ifn s]p-t]m-Ip-am-bn-cp-n--tm. 11, Ah Ah-cpsS Ip--sfmw Xncn-dn-bp-I-bpw \c-I-ns kl-hm-kn-I-fmbn Icn--s-Sp-Ibpw sNp--Xm-Wv.
628
JpB\ns Bmhv
Av a-bnep-h aqkm \_n-bpsS ico-A--\p-k-cnv Pohn-m Iev]n--s-h-cm-bn-cp-p. apl-Zv \_n (k) {KhpwsImv Ah-cn-tev sN-tm, kzm`m-hnI-ambpw AXns bmYmyw At\z-jn-p-sImv Jpssd-in-I-f-S-p amapivcnpI
PqXam-scbpw ss{IkvX-h-scbpw kao-]n-p. \n thZw \I-s--hcpw, {]hm-NIam-cn hniz-kn--h-cp-am-W-tm, apl--Zn\v Znhy-sh-fn-]mSv e`n-p-pv Fp-]-d-bp-Xn h kXy-hp-aptm? F-t\z-jn-p. CXn\v PqXam \Inb adp-]-Sn: Amlp
a\p-jy-cp-sS-ta HpwXs Cd-n-bn-n-, apl-Zv Ifhv ]d-bpIbmWv Fm-bn-cp-p.
P\-sf \_n-s-Xn-cn AWn-\n-c-m-\mbn am apivcnp-I thZmcpsS Cu adp]Sn sXfn-hmbn D-cn-n-cp-p. CXn\p adp-]-Sn-bmbnmWv Cu kq-n aqkm
\_nv Xudmv \In-b-Xns\pdnpw AXnt\mSv Ah A\p-hn \bs-p
dnpw {]Xn-]mZn-np-Xv. aqkm \_nv Xudmv Ah-X-cn-n-p FXv, Amlp Hcp
a\p-jy\pw bmsXmpw Ah-X-cn-n-n-n- F AhcpsS hmZ-n\v Xncn--Snbm-Ip-p.
H {K-amb AIn-Xm-_ns `mKw Xs-bmWv aqkm \_nv Ah-Xc
- n Xudmspw,
AXv Ap a\p-jysmw {]Im-ihpw amK-Zi-\-hp-am-sW-pw, ê-I--fn AhX-cn-ns B {Kw (A-Avdm^v: 150-,154) Ah {ItaW IS-em-kp-I-fn-em-p-I-bpw,
AXn-epXv Ipd-sms P\-v shfn-hm-p-Ibpw, Fm A[n-Ihpw Ah aqSnsh-p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cpp Fpw Cu kq-n\nv a\-n-em-mw. kPZ: 23
Amlp ]d-bp-p: \n-bw- Rm aqkmv {Kw \In-bn-p-v, Atm AXp-t]mep
Hv \n\v (ap-l-Zv \_n-v) hp-In-p--Xn \o kwi-bn-t-, AXns\ (aq-kmv
\Inb {K-s) \mw CkvdmCu k-Xn-Iv kamKamn-bn-p-v. Ben-Cwdm: 34, amCZ: 19,6164,68, A-Bw: 7,19 hni-ZoIcWw t\mp-I.
92.
CXv \mw Ah-X-cn-n Hcp {K-am-Ip-p. CXm-Is A\p-{K-lo-X-hpw

CXn\papv Ah-X-cn-n-n-pXns\sbmw kXy-s-Sp-p--Xpw, \mSp-IfpsS tI{sbpw (a-) AXns Npp-aphscbpw CXp-sImv \o apdn-bnv \Ip--Xn-\v- th-n-bpamWv Ah-X-cn-n-n-p--Xv. BcmtWm ]ctem-IwsImv hniz-kn-p--Xv, Ah Cu Jp-B-sImv hniz-kn-p
hcpw Ah- X-fpsS \a-kvIm-c--fn IrXy\njvTbp-hcpam-Ipp.
amCZ: 48 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. H {K-ns `mK-amb (_Jd: 2) Jp-B

A\p-{K-lo-X-am-sWv ]d-Xv, AXv a\p-jys\ Pohn-X-eyw t_m[n-n-p--Xpw,
Cl]c Pohn-XhnPb-n\v {]m]vXc
- m-p-Xpamb-Xn\mem-Wv. bmko: 56 kq-fn,
XXz-k-q-amb Cu Jp-B AP-\pw Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[n-bp-amb Am-lp-hn \nnd--s--Xpw, X-fpsS ]nXm-amcm ap-dn-bnv \I-s-Sm-XpsImv {]-b-h-cmbno Hcp P\-Xsb AXp-sImv \o ap-dn-bnv \Im-\p-am-Wv Ah-X-cn-n-np--Xv Fp-]-d-n-p-v (kPZ: 3 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). PpapA: 23, Fgppw hmb-\bpw
Adn-bm \nc--c-cmb Hcp P\-Xv Ah-cn\np Hcp {]hm-N-Is\ \ntbm-Kn--Xv
Amlp Xs-bm-Ipp Ctm Ah-tcm-sSmw tNn-n-m thsd Nne BfpIv -th-n-bpw. Ah AP-\pw bpnm-\nbpw Xs-b-tm Fp-]-d-n-p-v.
PpapA:3"Ctm Ah-tcm-sSmw tNn-n-m thsd Nne' Fp-]-d--Xv, Cu
kq-n ]d \mSp-I-fpsS tI{-amb a-bpsS Npp-ap samw temI P\-Xsbp-dnv XsbmWv. Aqd: 7 Amlp ]d-bpp: A{]-Imcw \n\v \mw Ad-_n-bn-
ABw (6)
629
ep Cu Jp-B Znhy-k-t-i-ambn \In. AXp-sImv \o \mSns tI{-sbpw

AXn\v Npp-ap--h-sbbpw ap-dn-bnv \Im\pw, Fm-h-scbpw Hcp-an-p-Iq-p- \mfn-A-Xns Imcy-n- kwi-b-an--Hcp hn`mKw kzK-nepw asmcp hn`mKw \c-I-nep-am-bn-cn-pw, B \mfn-s\-p-dnv ap-dn-bnv \Im-\mWv Cu Jp-B Ah-X-cn-n-np-X
- v. \mSp-If
- psS tI{sbpw AXn\v Npp-ap-h
- s
- cbpw ap-dn-bnv \IpXnmWvv
Cu Jp-B Fp-]-d--Xns hnh-, JpB k-tem-Ipw Hcp A\p-kva-c-WamsX-b Fv kqw 90- ]d-Xv Xs-bm-Wv. `qan-bpsS tI{-amb a Bm\-amn JpB\ns hn[n-hn-e
- I
- samw temIv \S-n-em-pI, ako-lp-
- mens\
h[n-p-Xn\pw apl-Zv \_n-sb kXy-s-Sp-p-Xn-\pw-thn Amlp hopw sImp
h-cp Cukm \_n-bmbncn-pw. apl-Zv \_n-bpsS Bm\w aZo-\-bm-bn-cp-p, aplZv \_nbpsS Imev temI-w apgp-h Ckvemw AwKo-I-cn-n-p-anmbn-cp-p. Ben-Cwdm: 10 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
]c-tem-I-n hniz-kn-m--hv Cu Jp-B a\-n-em-Im-Xn-cn-m AhcpsS lrZ-b--fn Hcp -aq-Sn-bpw sNhn-I-fn Hc-S-pannp-v Fv Amlp ]d-bp-p.
(A-Bw: 25 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). apAvan\q: 12,9 kq--fn, \nbw hnPbw
hcn-p hnizm-kn-I X-fpsS \a-kvIm-c--fn `b-`-n-bp--h-cpw, \a-kvIm-c-
IrXy-ka
- b
- fn \njvTtbmsS \ne\np-h
- c
- p-amWv Fpw, Xzmlm: 14, \a-kvImcw
\ne-\np-Xv Am-lp-hns kvacW \ne-\nm-\m-sWpw ]d-n-p-v. \n-bw
kzoI-cn--s-Sp \a-kvImcw \nyhpw \oN-hp-amb {]h-\-sfsmv XS-bp-sav
AI-_q-v: 45 ]d-bp-p. Jp-B\ns Bi-b-an-m-Xp ImcWw Bmhv ]sSp-m \a-kvIm-c-mv \cIw ]ng-bm-bnv e`n-p-saXn-\m ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-Is
C-Zm-kam \c-In\nv c-t\-Sm Ftmgpw {]mn-p-sav ^pJm: 6566 ]dnp-v. _Jd: 4,45-46,153,238-239, An-km-Av: 103,142-143, ABw: 75 t\mpI.
93.
Am-lp-hnsta Iw sIn--ap ]d-bp--h-t\-m, As-n Xnte-smcp Znhy-k-t-ihpw e`n-n-n-m-Xn-cn-s F\nv Znhy-k-tiw e`np-p-sv ]d-bp--h-t\-m As-n Amlp Ah-X-cn-n-Xp
t]mse Rm\pw Ah-Xc
- n-np-sav ]d-bp-h
- t- \-m Ghpw henb A{Ian-bmbh Bcpv? IjvSw, Cu A{I-an-I acWsh{]m-f-ne-I-s-SpIbpw, ae-p-I XfpsS ssII \onsmv \n \n-fpsS
\^vkns\ ]pd-tphnSp-I, Am-lp-hnsta \n ]dpsImncp kXyhncp--amb Imcy--fp-sSbpw, Ahs kq--tfmSv \n
Al \Sn-ncp--hcm-bn-cpXnsbpw ê-ambn Cv \ny-amb in
\nv {]Xn-^-e-ambn \I-s-Sp-Ibm-Ipp Fv ae-p-I ]d-bp
cwKw \o ImWp-I-bm-sW-n!
An-km-Av: 97-99, ABw: 21 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Am-lp-hnsta A\ymb-am-bXv ]d-bp-I-sb-m, Jp-B\ns Bi-b-an-msX Am-lp-hns\pdnv ]d-b-emWv.
lJv Jp-B-\m-Wv, Atm Am-lp-hnep hnizmkw cq]-s-Sp-t--Xpw, Am-lphns\ ap--hv ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-t--Xpw Jp-B\ns BibwsImv am{Xam-Wv.
(_Jd: 147,169,186 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). AAvdm^v: 146 Amlp ]d-bp-p: `qan-
630
JpB\ns Bmhv
bn lJv (Jp-B) IqSm-sX Al--cnp \S-p--hsc Fs kq-sfsmv

Rm ]nn-cn-npIf-bpI Xs sNpw, Ah Fp sXfnhp Imepw B {Kn hniz-kn-p-Ib
- n-, kamKw Im (_-Jd: 256) AXv kzoI-cn-p-Ib
- n-, ZpamKw
Im AXv kzoI-cn-p-Ibpw sNpw. Cu Ah-v ImcWw Ah \psS kq
sf If-hmn Xn--d--XpsImpw AXnt\mSv ]m-iq-\y-cmbXv -sImpam-Wv.
\lv: 28, X-tfmSpXs A{Iaw {]hn--h-cpsS dqlv ae-p-I ]nSnsSpp ka-bv Ah ]q-ambn Iogvs-Sp-I-bpw, ae-p-I-tfmSv: R CXn\papv
Hcp Zpjv{]hrnbpw sNp--h-cm-bn-cp-n Fp-]-d-bp--XpamWv. AsX, \nbw
\n Fsm-s-bmWv {]hn--sX-v Am-lp-hn-\-dnbmw Fv ae-pI adp-]Sn
]d-bp-X
- m-Wv. kpKvdp-^v: 74-78, \msf \c-I
- n Icn-s
- -Sp-tm Ccw {`mam
\c-I-ns ]mdm-hp-Im-c\mb "amen-n's\ hnfnv ]d-bp--Xm-Wv: Hm ament, \ns
dv R-fpsS IY-bv Ign-tm-s. Atm ]mdm-hp-Im ]d-bpw: \n AhnsSs
Ign-p-Iq-tS--hcmWv, R lJpw (Jp-B)sImv \n-fpsS ASp-p-h-n-cpp.
Fm \n-fn A[n-I-t]cpw Cu lJns\ shdp-p--h Xs-bm-bn-cp-p. JpB\ns Bi-b-ap-m-Ip-tm am{X-amWv ae-p-I kmn-I-fmbn Dm-hp--Xv. Bib-an-s-n ]nim-Np--fmWv kao-]-p-m-hp-I (epJvam: 7, Alvkm-_v: 19 Iqn-hm-bnp-I). _Jd: 147148,254, A-Bw: 55,6668, amCZ: 80-81 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
94.
\nbw BZy-hw krjvSn-X

- p-t]mse H-sm-
- m-bn-m-Wtm \mw \nsf
sImphncn-p-Xv. `qan-bn \mw \nsf Gn-n-cpsXmsbpw
\n-fpsS ]pd-In hnt--ncnpphtm, \nbw \nv ip]mi
sNp-sav \n Dd-nv [cn-p-sh-n-cp, \n-fpsS ]m-fn-Is
- f-sbmpw
Ctm \mw \n-fpsS IqsS ImWp-n--tm, \nnSbn-ep _sfmw \n apdnpIf-n-cnp-p-htm, \n Dd-npshn-cp
[mc-W-I-sfmwXs \nsfsmv hgn-amdntmhp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-p-ph-tm.
hnizm-kn-I-f-m, A{I-an-I-fmb a\p-jy- acnp cwKamWv Cu kqw hcp

ImWn-p--Xv. AAvdm^v: 37 Jp-B Inn-bnv aqSn-sh-p-I-bpw AXns\ Xn--dbp-Ibpw sNbvX Cu B{I-an-I, acn-p ka-bv \nbw Ah Im^n-dm-bn-cpp
Fv Ahs-Xnsc kzbw kmywhln-p-sa-pw, 38, Ah-tcmSv \n-fpsS app
Ign-p-t]mb PnpI-tfmSpw a\p-jy -k-ap-Zm-b--tfmSpsamw \c-I-n {]thin-psImp-I- Fv ]d-b-s-Sp-sa-pw ]dbppv. Ay-\m-fn \ntj-[n-Isf \ns dns
apn AWn-b-Wn-bmbn \np-sa-pw, \nbw \nsf BZyw krjvSn-Xpt]mse
\psS ASp \n sImp-h-c-s-n-cn-p-tm, A; \mw \n-tfmSv sNp
hmKvZm\w ]pe-cp-I-bn-sv \n Dd-nv [cnpshp Fv Ilv^v: 48 ]d-bppv.
adn-bw: 95, Fm-h-scbpw Ay-Zn-\-n H-bvsmmbn sImp-h-cpsav ]dnp-v (Ilv^v: 100-106, A^Pv: 2324 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). hcmt]mIp Cu cwKw JpB\ns Bi-b-n\nv a\-n-emn Am-lp-hns {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmbn Pohnp acnp hnizm-kn-I t\cnv kzK-n-tev t]mIp--Xm-Wv (Ilv^v: 107-108, bmko: 55
58, kpa: 73-74, kzmZv: 4950, ^pJm: 24, adn-bw: 96 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). amCZ: 119 hniZo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
ABw (6)
631
_Jd: 154, ABw: 2324 hni-Zo-I-cWw Iqn-hmbnp-I. Ben-Cw-dm: 102

hnizm-kn-I-sf hnfnv Amlp ]d-bpp: \n P\n- -Ah--bnemsX acn--cpXv.
liv: 18, Hmtcm \^vkpw \mtf-p-thn FmWv Hcp-n-sh-n-p--sXv Hmtcm
Znh-khpw t\mnmWm Bh-iy-s-Sp-p-v. Hmtcm-cpcpw Dt-inv {]hn--XmsX a\p-jyn-sv A-Pvav: 39 ]d-n-p-v. Atm DtiyanmsX Hcp
{]hrnbpw kzoI-cn--s-Sp-Ibn-sv am{X-a-, kabw shdpsX If--Xn\v inn-s-Sp-Ibpw sNpw. Npcp--n Hmtcm-cp-cpw `qan-bn-tev h-tm sImp-h-cm-Xpw, `qan-bn\nv Xncn-p-t]m-Iptm (a-cn-p-tm) sImpt]m-Im-X
- p-amb Fm
A\p{Klfpw, Ghpw henb A\p{Klamb Jp-B-\ns shfn--n ChnsS D]tbm-Ks
- -Spn kzKw ]Wn-be
- mWv Pohn-Xe
-
- yw. Ah BmhvsImv Amlphns\
t- \mnsmv ktm-jt- m-Sp-IqSn (Jn-bma: 22-23) ]WnX kzKn-tev ac-WtmSpIqSn Xncnpt]mIp--Xm-Wv (A-Bw: 104,164, Ckvdm-Av: 13-14, ^mXzn: 18, kpa: 7 Iqnhm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 26-27,255,285-286, Ben-Cw-dm: 30,136, ABw: 50-52 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
95. \nbw Amlp hnp-I-sfbpw Ipcp--sfbpw ]nfp--h-\m-Ip-p.
Ah Poh-\n-m--h-bn\nv Poh-\p--hsb ]pd-s-Sp-hn-pp, Ah
Poh-\p--h-bn\nv Poh-\n-m--h-sbbpw ]pd-s-Sp-hn-p-p. AXmWv
\n-fpsS Am-lp, Atm B Am-lp-hn\nv \n Ftm-mWv
sXn-sp sImn-cn-pXv?
hnp-I-sfbpw Ipcp--sfbpw ]nfn apf-n-v kky-e-Xm-Zn-I-fmbn hfp-Xv
Am-lp-hm-Wv. ^pn-ev: 47-, B Ay-a-Wnqdn-s\-p-dn-p Adnhv Ah-\ntev aS-p-p. ê- AXns sImXp-p-If
- n\nv ]pd-p-hc
- p-n-, Hcp kv{Xobpw
K`w Npa-p-n-, {]k-hn-p-p-an---Ahs Adn-thm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-m-sX. Hcp-\m (hn-[n
Zn-h-kw) Ahsc hnfnv tNmZnpw: Fhn-sS-bmWv Fs ]m-fn-I. Ah adp-]Sn
]dbpw: R \ntm-SnXm {]Jym-]n-p-p, R-fn Hcmfpw AXn\v kmn-b-
Fp-]-d-bp-pv (lv: 5, Adqw: 19, epJvam: 10-11, bmko: 33-36, Jm^v: 711 IqnhmbnpI). Ben-Cw-dm: 26-27 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Atm \n Cu Amlp-hn\nv F-s\-bmWv sXn--spsIm-n-cnp--Xv Fv tNmZn--Xns hnh,
{]Ir-Xym a\p-jyscm-hcpw apkven-am-bn-mWv P\n-p--Xv (Adqw: 30 t\mp-I). B
{]Ir-Xn-bnXs acWwhsc \ne-sIm-m Jp-B\ns Bibw A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv (BenCw-dm: 102 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). Jp-B\ns Bi-badn-nv kzbw ]n]-m-Xncn-p-I-bpw ap--hsc AXn\nv XS-bp-Ibpw sNp a\p-jy-n-im-Np--fpw I]-S-hnizm-kn-Ifpamb t\Xm-am-cmWv km[m-c-W-msc Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n\npw
XS-bpI hgn Am-lp-hn\nv XS-bp--Xpw Ah-cpsS kt-X-amb \c-I-n-tep ]nSnp-h-enp sImp-t]m-hp--Xv FmWv. Jk-kv: 62, Fm-h-scbpw Hcp-an-p-Iq-p
\mfn \n Dd-n-p-sh-n-cp Fs ]m-fn-I-sf-hn-sS Fv Ah-tcmSv hnfnv tNmZnptm, 63, BmtWm tNmZyw _m[-I-am-bXv Ah ]d-bpw-: R--fpsS \mYm,
R ey-t_m[w \-s-Spn hgn-]n-g-n--h Cq--cm-Wv, R hgn-]n-g-Xp
t]mse Ah-scbpw hgn-]n-g-n-p-I-bmWpmb-Xv, Ctm \ntmSv R-fn-Xm Ahsc
hgn-]n-g-nXn\p D-chm-Zn--n\nv HgnhmIp-p, Ah Rv C_m-
632
JpB\ns Bmhv
Zp sNp-h-cm-bn-cp-n, 64, icn; \n \n-fpsS ]m-fn-Isf hnfn-p-I,

Atm Ah hnfnpw, Fm Ahv Ah adp-]Sn \Ip-I-bn-, Ah in
t\cn ImWp-Ibpw sNpw. Ah lpZm D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p--h-cm-bn-cp-s-n F{X
\m-bn-cp-t-s\. 63 ]d "tNmZyw _m[-I-am-b-h' alm-m-sfbpw Huen-bm-sf-bp-samw hnfnp {]mn-m-\pw, Ahv t\-h-gn-]m-Sp-I \Im-\pw km[m-cW
P\-sf t{]cn-nncp ]WvUnX ]ptcm-lnXamcpw t\Xm--fp-am-Wv. Jp-B\ns
BibwsImv Pnp-Iq-p-Im-cs\ apAvan\m-n-bn-n-s-n Ah-\mepw hgn-]n-g-n--sSpsav kpKvdp-^v: 36-38, liv: 16-17, Jm^v: 27-29 kq-fnepw hnh-cn-n-p-v. ]nimNv
\msf hgn-]n-g-n--Xn-\p D-c-hm-Zn--n\nv Hgnpamdp cwKw C_vdm-low:
22 ]dnpv. _Jd: 166167, ABw: 55 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
96.
{]`m-X
- sf s]mn-hnSp-h
- . cm{Xnsb hn{i-a- th-fb
- m-nbXpw, kqcyN-{am-cpsS DZ-bm-kvXa-b- kabw IW-p-Iq-p--Xn-\mbn \n-bnXpw AhXs. AsX, CsXmw AP-\pw k--\p-amb Hcp-hs
n]vX-amb kwhn-[m-\-fm-Ip-p.
bmko: 37, Ahv cm{Xn Hcp ZrjvSm--am-Wv, \mw ]I-ens\ AXn\nv

Ducn-sb-Sp-p-p, Atm Ah-cXm Ccp-n-em-Ip-p, 38, kqcy AXn\p \n-bn
hn{i-a--e-tv Nenp-sIm-n-cn-pp, AXp AP-\pw k--\p-amb Hcp-hs
n]vX-amb kwhn-[m-\-am-Wv. 40, kqcy\v N{s\ {]m]n-m km[n-p-n-, cm{Xnv
]I-ens\ apI-S-m km[n-p-n-, Fm HpwXs Ahv \n-bn-n-p
kmc]Y-n \on-sIm-n-cn-p-I-bm-Ipp AYhm Id-n-sIm-n-cn-p-I-bm-Ip-p.
Cu kwhn-[m\w Ay-\mhsc XpS-cp--Xpw, Ay-\m-fn Jnbma: 8 {]Imcw N{
AW-bp-Xpw, 9 {]-Imcw kqcy\pw N{\pw Hcp-an-pIq-sSp-Xp-am-Wv. Hcp shnbmgvN ]I Ah-km-\n-p--tXmSpIqSn temIw Ccp-fp-I-bpw, cmhpw ]Iepw amdn-h-cp
kwhn-[m\w Cm-Xm-hp-Ibpw sNpw. amc-W-n\nv c tXSp--Xn-\p-thn AhX-cn-n-p kqd-mb ^-eJv:1, {]`m-Xs s]mn-hnSp \mYs\smv Rm
ic-WwtXSpp Fp-]-d-bm ]d-bp-pv (bq\p-kv: 5, Adlvam: 5 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
_Jd: 189 t\mpI.
97.
Ah Xs-bmWv \-{X-sf Ic-bn-sebpw kap-{Z-n-sebpw A-Imc-n\nv hgn I-s-p--Xn\pthn \nv kwhn-[m-\npshn

pXpw. Adn-hp P\-X-p-thn \nbw \mw \psS kq-
hy-ambn hni-Zo-I-cnv Xn-cn-pp.
Alv: 15-16, `qan-bn \mw ae-I-fm-ep BWn-I m]n-n-cn-p-pAXv

\n-tfm-Sp-IqSn BSn-bp-e-bm-Xn-cn-p--Xn\pthn. Ah `qan-bn \Zn-Isf Hgp-pIbpw
sNbvXn-cn-p-p. {]Ir-Xn-]-c-amb ]mXIfpw Dm-n--\n- kamKw {]m]n-pI
Xs thW-sa--Xn\pthn. Ah `qan-bn hgnbpw efpw Xncn--dn-bm-\p
AS-bm-f-fpw m]n-p. \-{X-sImpw Ah amK-Zi\w sN-sSpp-tm
Fp-]-d-n-p-v. Amlp `qan apgp-h Htc cq]-n-e krjvSn-n-p-Xv, Hmtcm `qJWvU-n\pw hyXy--amb e-W--fp-v. AXn ]e KpW--fp-ap-tXm-sSmw
a\p-jy\v hgnbpw ey-m-\hpw Xncn--dn-bm\pw Ign-bp-p. C-c-n-ep hyXy--
ABw (6)
633
amb AS-bm-f- ImW-sSm--Xpw, Ftmgpw hgn-sX-m km[y-X-bp--Xp-amb acp-`qan-bn-eqsS k-cn-m Ah-kcw e`n Bfp-It Cu A\p-{K-l-ns almyw
a\-n-em-hp-I-bp-q. hgn AS-bm-f- Xosc-bn-m kap-{Z-n-eqsS k-cn--hv Cu A\p-{K-l-ns alXzw AXnepa[nIw A\p-`-h-s-Spw. Fm acp-`q-an-Ifnepw kap-{Z--fnepw a\p-jy\v amK-Zi\w \Ip--Xn\v Amlp {]Ir-Xn-bnXs
m]n-n-p \-{X--fpsS {Iao-I-cW--fmWh. ChnsS Am-lp-hns GI-Xzw,
ImcpWyw, c-IXrXzw Fn-h-bpsS sXfn-hp-Iv ]pdsa {]hm-N-I-Xz-n-tepw
Hcp sNdnb kqN\bp-v. ùXnI Pohn-X-n \nv amK-Zi\w sNm hyh-I Gs]-Spnb Amlp \n-fpsS ]ctemI Pohn-X hnPb-n\v bmsXmcp
\ntihpw \ImsX hnpIfn-n-. Alvkm-_v: 45-46 kqfn Amlp ]d
bpp: Hm \_ntb, \nbw \ns \mw kmn-bm-bpw, ip`-hm-Zm-b-I-\m-bpw, apdn-bn-p-Im-c-\mbpw, {]tim`n-p hnf-m-bpw, Am-lp-hns thp-I-tbmSpIqSn Ah\n-tev hnfn-mthn \ntbmKn-n-cn-pp. Am-lp-hns thp-I-tbmSpIqSn
FXns hnh _Jd: 213 hni-Zo-I-cWn t\mp-I. \lv: 17-18 Amlp
tNmZn-pp: Atm krjvSn-p-- Hcph bmsXmpw krn-m--hs\tmsebmtWm? \n lrZbwsImv Hman-p-nt? \n Am-lp-hns A\p-{K-l Fn-W
-
- mm {ian-m AXv Fn-Wmm km[y-a Xs. \nbw
Amlp Gsd s]mdp-p--h-\pw, Imcp-Wy-hm-\p-a-tm. ABw: 63-64 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
98.
Ah Xs-bmWv \nsf H \^vkn\nv (B-m-hn\nv) \p-hfn- sImp-h--Xv. Atm Htcm-cp-pw hn{i-a-ehpw (]mn
Shpw) kqnp-ehpw (J-_) Dv. ey-t_m[w {Kln-p P\-Xp-thn \nbw \mw \psS kq- hy-ambn hni-Zo-I-cnv Xncn-pp.
apIv: 23, ]d-bpI \_n-tb, Ah-\mWv \nsf \p-h-fn-b-Xv, \np

Ah tIhnbpw ImgvNbpw _pn-i-nbpw \In, \n-fn A]wt] am{Xta
\n{]I-Sn-n-p-p-q- Fp]d-npv (kPZ: 710 Iqn-hm-bn-pI). An-km-Av: 1,
A-Bw: 65 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
(ap-kvX-J-dv) `qan-bn-ep ]mn-Shpw (apkvXu-Z-Av) _k-Jp-am-Wv (ac-W-tijw
icocns kqnp--ewtKm-Uu-). lqZv: 6, `qan-bn-ep Hcp Poh-Pm-e-hp-an-,
Am-lp-hns ] AXns `-W-ap-m-bn--m-sX. AXns ]mn-S-hpw AXns
ac-W-ti-j-ap kt-Xhpw Amlp Adn-bp-p. Fmw Hcp hy-amb {K-n
tcJ-s-Spnshn-p-sv ]d-n-p-v. Jm^v: 4, Ah-cn\nv FmWv `qanbn Npcp-n-tm-hp-I-sbv \nbw \ap-dn-bmw. \psS ] kqn-n-p Hcp
{K-n AsXmw tcJ-s-Sp-n-sh-n-pv. A-Bw: 38,59,65-66 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m
pI.
99. BIm-ip\nv sh-an-d-p--Xpw Ah Xs-bmIpp, AXp-sImv
\mw kIe kkyeXm-Zn-I-fpw ]-\n-d-n-ep hb-ep-Ifpw hfn.
634
JpB\ns Bmhv
A\cw \mw AXn\nv [m\y-a-Wn-I CS-Xn-nb IXn-cp-I DXv]m-Znn-p. Cu-\bpsS sImXp-n `mc-m Ddp-n-ep-I-fmbn Xqn-nS-p ]g-p-e-I krjvSn-p. ]c-kv]cw kmay-ap-f-fXpw kmay-an-m-Xp ambFm Hmtcm-n\pw hyXn-cn--amb khn-ti-j-X-I-fp--ê-fp-m-Ip apn-cn-bp-sSbpw Heo-hn-sbpw Ddp-am-\n-sbpw tXm--fpap-m n. Cu sNSn-I-fn ê-fp-m-IpXv apX Ah ]mI-ambn
]dn-s-Sp-m\mIp-Xphsc-bp {]{Inb \n kqnpt\mphn.
\nbw, AXnsemw hnizm-kn-I-fmb P\-Xv [mcmfw ]mT--fpv.
kmay-ap-Xpw kmay-an-m-Xpw Fp]d--Xn, apn-cnbpw Heohpw {]Xy-n Hcp-t]msebp ê-fm-Wv (Alv: 10-11 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). kmay-an-m-Xv
Fp]d-m apn-cn Henhv Fn-hsbtmse-b Ddp-am F--Xm-Wv. am{X-a-,
apncnXs hyXy--amb cpNn-tbmSpw \nd-tmSpw IqSn-b-h-bpap-v. AXp-t]mse
Henhpw hyXy--amb \nd-tmSv IqSn-b-h-bp-v. Fmw Htc `qan-bn\nv Htc
shwsImv GI-\mb {kmhv Dm-p--Xm-Wv. Cu ]ghK- ]cm-KWw hgn
]qhnv, samnv hf-v ]Iz-ambn hnhn[ L- XcWwsNbvXv ]dn-s-Sp-m-hp
êfmbn amdp {]{Inb t]mses-bmWv a\pjytcbpw `qan-bn-tev sImp-hcp-Xv. K`-]m-{X-n hnhn[L- (l-v: 5, apAvan: 67, kpa: 6, ^mXzn: 11
kq-fn hnh-cn-Xpt]mse) XcWwsNbvXtijw a\p-jys\ `qan-bn-tev sImph-cn-I-bpw, BZyw aepw tijw Ia-gvpw, ]ns app-Ip-nbpw ]ns \nhpw \Sp Ipn {]mb-]qn-bmbn ]IzX hv, {]Xyp-Xv]m-Z\w \Sn, hmIyw {]m]nv
Ah-km\w Ahs krjvSnv Ipn-IfptSXpt]msebmbn amdp-p (bm-ko: 68, Alv:
70 t\mpI) Ah-km\w acn-p-tXm-Sp-IqSn apsIm-p icocw kqnp tI{
nsen am-bno-cp-Ibpw sNpp. Xzmlm: 55, asmcp {]mh-iyw \nsf AXn\npXs ]pd-s-Sp-hn-n-p-sav ]d--Xv, hn[n-Zn-h-k-\m-fn B J_-dn\nv
]p\Po-hn-n-p--Xn-s\-bm-Wv. AXp-sImv Xs-bmWv J_-dns\ sImp-h-cpp,
sImp-t]m-Ipp F Bi-b
- n-ep apkvXu-ZA
- v (tKmUu) Fp-]d
-
X
- v. (Jm^v:
11, 42, ^pn-e-v: 39 Iqn-hm-bn-pI). _Jd: 28, An-km-Av: 1 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
100. Ah Pnp-Isf Am-lp-hns ]m-fn-I-fmnbncn-p-p, Ahsc (PnpI-sf) kn-Xv Ah-\m-Ip-p. bmsXmcp Adn-hpanmsX Ah Am-lp
hn\v ]p{Xam- s cbpw ]p{Xn- a m- s cbpw Btcm- ] n- p- m- n- b ncnp- p.
Aht\m Cu P\w hn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-- kz`m-h--fn \nsmw AXo
X\pw AXyp--X-\pamb ]cn-ip--\mIp-p.
101. BIm- i - - s fbpw `qansbbpw Cm- b v a - b n\nv XpSw Ipdnpmnbh\m-Wh
- , Ahs\mcp Iqp-Imcnbn- F-n-cn-s F-s\-bm-sWmcp
km-\-ap-m-hpI? Ah Fm hkvXp--sfbpw krjvSn--h-\m-Ip-p.
Ah Fm hkvXp-sfpdnpw Ghpw Adn-hp--h-\p-am-Ip-p.
amapivcnp-I Pnp-Isf Am-lp-hns B km-\--fpw ae-p-Isf Amlp-hns s] km-\--fp-ambn kn-n-cp-p. Jp-B\ns Bi-b-a-dn-bm
ABw (6)
635
apkvenfpw CXpt]mep ]e k-fpw Am-lp-hns\pdnpw Pnp-Isfpdnpw

ae-p-Isfpdnpw shp]pep--h-cm-Wv. Fm -Im-cy-fpw hni-Z-ambn hy-ambn
hnh-cn-n-p {K-amb Jp-B\ns\ AhK-Wn-m-ep Ah--bm-Wn-Xv. AhcpsS
I- aptJ\ Ah hnn\nv Ap- s X- d n- p- Xpt]mse Zo\n\nv
sXdnpt]mIp-h
- c
- pw, \a-kvIm-chpw t\mp-samw \n-ln-X
- n\v ]ng-bmbn \cIpWvTw
(^pJm: 65-66, AamDu: 4, Xu_: 67-68) km-Zn-p--h-cmbn amdn-bn-cn-p-I-bm-Wh. {]mIm-ia
- m-Ip Jp-B\ns Bibw D]-tbm-Kn-msX temIP\-Xb
- nshv Ghpw
IqSp-X A-Im-c-n Xn--S-p-g-ep--h-cmbn Ah A[:]Xn-n-cn-p-p. kqd:
CJvem-kn Am-lp-hns\ ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-p-Xv C-s\-bm-Wv: \_ntb ]d-bp-I: Ah,
Amlp GI-\m-Wv, Ah ]q-\mWv AYhm Fm-hpw B{i-b-ambnp--h\pw
Ah Bcp-sSbpw B{i-b-an-m--h-\p-am-Wv. Ah {]k-hnht\m {]k-hn--s-ht\m
A. Ahs\tmse Hcm-fp-an-. Aqd: 11, Ahs\tmse Hcp hkvXp-hp-an Fpw
]-d-np-v.
Fm krjvSn-I-sfbpw Hcp-an-p-Iq-p hn[n-Zn-h-k-\m-fn ae-p-I-tfmSp Amlp
tNmZn-p--Xm-Wv: Cu a\p-jy \nm-bn-cptm C_m-Zv sNbvXn-cp-Xv? Atm
ae-p-I ]d-bpw: \o ]cn-ip-, Ah-c, \obmWv R-fpsS kwc--I. Fm
Ah Pnp-I-sf-bm-bn-cpp tkhn-n-cp--Xv. Ah-cn A[n-I-t]cpw Pnp-I-fn hnizkn-p--h-cp-am-bncpp Fv k_-Av: 4041 ap-dn-bnv \In-bn-p-v. _Jd: 2933,116117,186, amCZ: 116-120 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
102. AXm-Ipp \n-fpsS DS-a-bmb Am-lp. Ah-\-msX thsd Hcp Cemlp-an-, Fm hkvXp--sfbpw krn {km-hm-W-h. Atm \n
Ah-\p-thn am{Xw Pohn-p-I, Ah Fm-hkvXpfp-sSbpw D-c-hmZnw Gs-Sp ssIIm-cy-Imhpa-tm.
^mnl: 4, _Jd: 133, A-Bw: 66 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
103. Zrn-I Ahs\ ImWpI-bn-, Aht\m ZrjvSn-Isf Ip-sIm-n-cn-pp.
Ah Dn-s-bp-v Adn-bp kqvam\n-bpw Fmw hebwsNbvX
{XnIm-e-m-\nbp-a-tm.
Ip-sIm-v BcpwXs Am-lp-hns\ Cl-tem-Ipshv ImWp-Ib
- n-. Fm
Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n lrZbwsImv Ahs\ ImtW-Xm-Wv (bmko: 11, apIv:
12 t\mp-I). As\ Ahs\ IpsImv kZm- N-cn-p--h-cmWv aplvkn-\o-.
Ah Jp-B\ns Bibw lrZ-b-n kqn-pI hgn Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-b-n
kqn-p--h-cp-am-Wv. lrZbwsImv Am-lp-hns\ Ih acn-pka-bv ktmj-tmSpIqSn Am-lp-hns\ t\mp--Xm-Wv Fv Jnbma: 22-23 kq--fn ]d-n
p-v. "dnlm' Fp-]-d-XpsImv Bm-hmWv t\mp-sXv a\-n-em-mw
(Ckm: 11 Iqn-hmbnp-I). Jp-B\ns Bi-bn\nv lrZbwsImv Amlp-hns\ ImWm--h X-fpsS ac-W-k-a-bv Zp:JtmSpIqSn ]nim-Nn-s\bmbn-cnpw
t\mp-I (AJn-bma: 24 t\mp-I). Ah-cpsS acWsh{]m-f- _Jd: 254, A-Bw:
9394, Jnbma: 25-35, ap\m-^n-Jq: 10-11 kq--fn t\mp-I. hnizm-kn-I kzK-
636
JpB\ns Bmhv
nshv Am-lp-hns\ t\cn Ip-sImv Xs ImWp--Xm-Wv. epJvam: 16mw

kq-w Ah-km-\n-p--Xv, \nbw Amlp Dn-s-bp-v A-dn-bp kqva-m\nbpw Fmw hebwsNbvX {XnIm-e-m-\n-bp-a-tm- F Bi-b-n-em-Wv. apIv:
14, A, krjvSn {kmhn\v krjvSnsbpdnv Adn-hn-s-tm, Ah Dn-s-bp-dn-bp kqva-m-\nbpw Fmw hebw sNbvX {XnIm-e-m-\nbpw Xs-bmWv
Fp]d-bp-p. _Jd: 152,234,255 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
104. \nbw \nv \nfpsS DS-ab
- mb \mY-\n\np "_kzmC' hpIn-n-bn-cn-p-p. Atm B-sc-nepw AXv D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p-p-sh-n
AXns KpWw Ah\v Xs, Bsc-nepw AXp-sIms AX \Sn-pp-sh-n AXns tZmjhpw Ahv (B-m-hn-\v) Xs. Rm
\nfpsS kqn-p-Im-c-s\m-p-a-.
AAvdm^v: 203 \_n-tbmSv ]d-bm Iev]np-p: Rm ]n]-p-Xv Fs
\mY-\n\nv F\nv Znhy-k-t-i-ambn e`n-Xv am{X-am-Wv. AXv \n-fpsS \mY-\n
\np _kzm-C-dpw, hnizm-kn-I-fmb P\-Xv kamK-hpw -Im-cp-Wy-hp-am-Wv. Pmknb:
20, CXv samw a\p-jyv thn-bp _kzm-C-dpw, ZrV-t_m-[y-ap P\-Xp
kamK-hp-w Imcp-Wyhpam-sWv ]d-n-p-v. Jk-kv: 43, aqkmv \mw a\p-jyv
sam- a p _kzm- C dpw kamKhpw Imcp- W yhpamb {Kw sImSp- pAh
lrZbwsImv kvacn-p--Xn-\pthn Fp]d-n-p-v. Ckvdm-Av: 102 aqkm \_n
^n-Hu-t\mSv ]d-bp-p: \n-bw \n\--dn-bm-atm, Cu ZrjvSm---sfmw BIm-i-`q-anI-fpsS DS-a-bmb \mY _kzm-C (Dm-gvN-Zm-b-Iw) Bbn--msX Cd-n-bn-n-s-v.
\nbw, Rm Icp-Xp-Xv \osbmcp \mi-a-S-tb--h Xs-bmWv Fm-Wv.
_kzm-C (Dm-gvN-Zm-b-Iw):lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn-ep Jp-B\ns Bi-bamWv Dm-gvNZ- m-bI
- a
- mb _kzm-C. AAvdm^v: 179, \c-I
- n Ipn-\n-d
- sSp
a\p-jyv Ip-If
- p-v, AXp-sImv _kzm-C ImWp-Ib
- n FmWv ]d-X
- v. Ilv^v:
100-101, _kzm-CsIms AYhm Jp-B\ns lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn-ep Bi-bamb "ZnIvcn'sIms Cl-tem-I-pshv Ins\mcp aqSn-bp-m-bn-cp, Jp-B\ns
Bibw tIm km[n-m--h-cp-amb Im^n-dp-ImWv \cIw ASp-n-p--sXv
]d-n-p-v (Jm^v: 22 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Hmtcm Bmhn\pw (BWn\pw s]n\pw)
Ah-cpsS \mfs Ccn-nSw kzKn-emtWm \c-I-n-em-tWm-sbv ImWn-p-sIm-Spp--XmWv _kzm-C. acn-p ka-bv Am-lp-hn-s\-bmtWm AtXm ]nim-Nn-s\bmtWm ImWp-sXv (Jn-bma: 22-24) -Im-Wnp sImSp-m-\p D]-I-c-Whpw _kzmC Xs-bmWv.
Cu kqw kzKhpw \c-I-hp-samw Hmtcm \^vkpw ]Wn-tb--Xm-sWv ]Tn-np-p. Rm \n-fpsS kqn-p-Im-cs\mpa-- Fp]d-m, apl-Zv \_nv
Hcm-sfbpw kzK-n-tetm \c-I-n-tetm Bm km[y-a-s-m-Wv. _Jd: 272,
An-km-Av: 174-175, A-Bw: 90 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
105. A{]-Imcw \mw kq- hy-ambn hnh-cn-p-p\o Bcn \ntm
]Tnp hn-cn-pp F-h ]d-bp--Xn-\p-th-n-bpw, hnh-c-ap P\-Xv
ABw (6)
637
AXns bmYmyw shfn-s-SpnsmSp-t-Xn-\v thnbp-am-Ipp

Cs\ sNp--Xv.
Jp-B kq-f
- n-eqsS Am-lp-hn-s\bpw, Ah-ch
- s
- csbpw Pohn-Xe
-
- yhpw,
\_n (k) Ahv ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-p-tm \ntj-[n-I ]d-bp-I-bm-Wv: \o icnpw
]Tnp hn-cn-pphtm. ^pJm: 46 kq--fn \ntj-[n-I-fmb P\X ]dbpp:
Cu Jp-B \n-bw, Atlw (ap-l--Zv) sIn--av ]d-bp I-a-msX A, asmcp
P\X At-ls klm-bn-p-p-apv. Atm Ah hn A{I-ahpw I-hp-amWv
D-bn-p--Xv. Ah ]d-bp-Ibpw sNpp: CXv, ]qn-I-cpsS ]gpcm-W-- FgpXn
cmhn-sebpw sshIptchpw Ah-s-ta HmXntnsSpI-bpw, Ah\Xv Gp-]-dbp-I-bp-am-Wv. \_ntb ]d-bpI: CXv BIm-i-`q-an-I-fpsS cl-ky-a-dn-bp--h-\n\nv Cd-s--Xm-Ip-p, \nbw Ah Gsd- s]m-dp-p--h-\pw Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[nbpw XsbmIpp. Alv: 103, APv\-_n-bmb (Ad-_n-b-m) Hcp a\p-jy-\mWv hyamb Ad_n `mj-bn-ep Cu Jp-B apl-Zv \_nsb ]Tn-n-p--sXp \ntj-[nI Btcm]n-ncp-Xmbn ]d-np-v. CXn-tm R-fp-sSbpw \nsbpw `mj-bnem-W-tm, Am-lp-hn-t-Xm-bn-cp-s-n Hcp APv\_n (A-d-_n-b-m-) `mjbn
Cd-t--Xm-bn-cp-n-t F \ntj-[n-I-fpsS hmZ-n\v adp-]-Sn-bm-bn-mWv ^pn-ev:
44mw kqw Ah-X-cn-n--Xv. \mw Cu Jp-B\ns\ Hcp APv\_n `mj-bn-emnbn-cppsh-n Ah ]d-bpI Xs sNpw: Fm-W-Xns kq- kv]jvS-ambn a\n-em-Im-Xv, Ad-_n-Iv APv\_n `mj-bn-ep {Ktam? ]d-bpI \_n-tb: CXp
hnizm-kn-I-fm-b-hv kamKhpw tcmK-ia-\-hp-amWv. hnizm-kn-I-f-m--htm, JpBt\mSv AhcpsS sNhn-bn Hc-S-p-v, Ah AXns t\sc Ipcp-Sam-cp-amWv, Ah
hnZq-c-amb e-p-\nv hnfn-p--hs hnfn-t]m-se-bmWv Cu Jp-B\ns\ tIp-Xv (_Jd: 121,171 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). Fgppw hmb-\bpw Adn-bm apl-Zv
\_nsb icnpw ]cn-N-b-ap At-l-ns P\X, Jp-B AwKo-I-cn-m Xm-dmbn-cp-n--sb--XmWv hkvXp-X (ABw: 33 t\mp-I). Jp-B\ns Bi-b-an-s-n
hnizm-kn-I-fm-hp-I-bn-, {]m\-Ip-cw e`n-p-I-bn (Ad-AvZv: 14, apAvan: 50
t\mpI), I- kzoI-cn--s-Sp-I-bn (_-Jd: 186 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I) Fv
Jp-B kq--fp--cnv ]d-bp-tm Cs \ntj-[n-I: "BcmWv \n-fpsS
DkvXm-Zv, Fhn-sS-mWv ]Tn--Xv, FmWv CXn\v apmcpw Cs\ ]d-bm-Xn-cp-Xv,
CXv \n-fp-sS kzw ho-W-at' XpSnb ]e- sRm-n-\ym-b-fpw tNmZy-fpw
Am-lp-hns kq- kzoI-cn-mXncn-mthn D-bn-p-Xv ImWmw. lv:
72 ]d \ntj-[n-IfpsS kz`mhw Xs-bm-Wv Cv Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n-tev
hc-W-sav ]d-bp hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv A-h ImWn-p--Xv. {]IrXym \-bp--hv
am{Xta Cu Jp-B Zln-p-I-bp-q, Ah am{Xta AXv ]Tn-p-Ibpw ]Tn-n-p-I-bpap-q. ]cn-ip-am-c-msX AXv kv]in-p-I-bn Fv AhmJnA: 79- -]-d-Xns s]mcp. _Jd: 24,39, Ben-Cw-dm: 10,79, An-km-Av: 56, amCZ: 10, ABw:
2532,93 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
106. \o, \ns \mY-\n\nv \n\v hpInnb Znhy-k-t-is ]n]-pI.
Ah-\-msX thsd Cemln Xs. Ahs A[n-Im-c-mh-Im-i--fn
ap-hv ]p\Ip--hcn\nv Ah-K-Wnv ]nn-cnbpI.
638
JpB\ns Bmhv
107. Amlp Dt-in-n-cp-s-n Ah Ahs A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i--fn ]ptNp-am-bn-cp-n-. \mw \ns Ah-cpsS kqn-p-Im-c-\mbn \nbn-nn-, \o Ah-cpsS ssIIm-cy-Im-hp-a-.
A-Km-_p: 2, Ah-\mWv \nsf Fm-h-scbpw krjvSn-Xv, \n-fn \ntj[n-bp-v \n-fn hnizm-knbp-ap-v, \n {]hn-p--sXmw Amlp kZm honp-sIm-n-cn-p--h-\p-am-Wv Fp]d-n-p-v. _Jd: 256 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
AAvdm^v: 198, \n Ahsc lpZ-mbn-tev (Jp-B-\n-tev) hnfn-m AhcXv
tIp-I-bn, \ns Ah Xpdn-p-t\m-p--Xm-Wv. Ah Dm-gvN-bphcpa
Fpw, 199, \o hnp-hogvN sNp-I, Jp-B-sImv Iev]n-p-I, Ahn-th-In-Isf AhK-Wnp ]nn-cn-bp-Ibpw sNp-I- Fpw ]d-n-p-v. apl-Zv \_n Bscbpw kzKntetm \c-I-n-tetm Bp--h-\ (_Jd: 272 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I) adnv
kzK-n-te-p Am-lp-hns hgn-bpw \c-I-n-te-p ]nim-Nns hgn-I-fpw, PohnX-ns Fm-ta-J-e-I-fnepw thXn-cn-psImSp-epw, Pohnv ImWnv kmywhln-epamWv apl-Zv \_n-bp-sSbpw hnizm-kn-bp-sSbpw _m[y-X. ssIIm-cy-Imhpw tat\m-m-c\pw kqn-p-m-c\
- p-samw FmhcpsSbpw DS-ab
- mb Amlp am{X-am-Wv. Atm
kamK-amb Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n\nv Am-lp-hn-s\bpw Ah-c-h-scsbpw
Pohn-X-e-yhpw Xncn--dnv Hmtcm-cp-cpw DS-a-bmb Am-lp-hn-t\mSv kamKw tNmZnp-I-bpw, Adnhv hn-npXcWw (Xzmlm: 114) Fv {]mn-p-Ibpw, Jp-B\ns
hn[n-hn-e-p-I A\p-k-cnv Ign-bp-{X PohnXw Nn-s-Sp-p-I-bp-amWv th-Xv. _Jd:
28,148,213, amCZ: 67, A-Bw: 66,102104 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
108. (hnizm-kn-I-tf) \n Am-lp-hns\qSmsX Ah hnfnp {]mnp-hsc Bt-]npIqSmXpam-Ipp. Fs-m Ah Adn-hn-msX
i{Xp-X-m]c-ambn Am-lp-hn-s\ Bt-]n-m CS htpw. A{]-Imcw
\mw Fm Hmtcm kap-Zm-b-n\pw Ah-cpsS {]h-\- Ae-m-c-amn
sImSp-n-p-v, ]ns Ah X-fpsS \mY-\n-tev Xs aS--s-tS-h-cm-Ip-p. Atm AhscmWv {]hn-n-cp--sXv \mw AhtcmSv
hnhcw ]dpsImSp-p--Xp-am-Wv.
Am-lp-hns ]m-fn-Ifpw ip]mi-m-cp-w CS-bm-fam-cp-sa-m-am-sWv [cnv
Am-lp-hns\qSmsX hnfnp {]mn-p t\-h-gn-]m-Sp-I t\cp alm-msfbpw apw Bt-]n-p-Itbm ]gn-p-Itbm sN-cp-sXmWv hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv Iev]np-X
- v. As\ sNbvXm \ntj-[n-IfpsS tIm]w \pc-p-s]mn Ah Adn-hnmsX
i{Xp-X-tbmSpIqSn Am-lp-hns\ ]gn-m\pw Bt-]n-m\pw CS-h-t-pw. Atm
hnizm-kn-I AXn\v Imc-W-m-cm-I-cp-sX-mWv Iev]np--Xv. Amlp Dt-in-n-cps-n Fm-h-scbpw kamKn kt-fn-n-m\pw, Ah-\p-thn am{Xw Pohnp Ahs {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fm-m\pw km[n-p-am-bn-cpp. Fm cp-amKhpw (Amlp-hns amKhpw ]nim-Nns amKhpw) Hmtcm \^vkn\pw \In-bn-p-sv Aw-kv:
710, _e-Zv: 10, Ckm: 3 XpS-nb kq--fn ]d-n-p-v. kpa: 45, \ntj-[nIfpsS kz`mhw Nn{Xo-I-cn-p-Xv ImWmw. Am-lp-hns\ GI-\mbn Hman-n-p-tm
]c-tem-I-n hniz-kn-m--h-cpsS lrZ-b--fn "a\w]pc' A\p-`-hsSpXmbpw
ABw (6)
639
Ahs\qSm-sX-bp--hsc Hman-n-p-tm Ah BmZ-`-cn-X-cm-Ip-Xpw ImWmw.

(Ckvdm-Av: 45-46 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Cv Cu kz`mhap-h Jp-B Igp-X-Isftmse
hln-p apkvenw-I-fn \np--h Xs-bm-sWv Jp-B _kzm-C-dmbn D]-tbmKn-p--hv a\-n-em-m Ign-bpw. AXpsImmWv Amlp Ahsc AAvdm^v:
176, D]{Z-hn-mepw Cs-nepw amwhcm sN-e-]-n-tbm-Sv D]-an-n-p--Xv. ]nim
NmWv Im^n-dp-Iv Ah-cpsS I-fpw Dt-iy-fpw \nd-th-n-sIm-Sp-p-I Fv
ABw: 43- ]d-n-p-v. Fm hgn-tI-Sn\v \msf B ]nim-Nns\bpw Ip-s-Sp
m km[n-p-I-bn-sv ]nimNpXs ]d-bp-Xv C_vdm-low: 22 ap-dn-bnv
\Inbnp-v. _Jd: 113, amCZ: 48,55-56,105, A-Bw: 65-68,97-98 t\m-pI.
Am-lpth Rsf Acw P\-X-bn Ds-Sp--cp-tX, Rsf \o Jp-B
]n]-thn[w ]n]-p \ns kwL-m-cmb hnizm-kn-I-fn Ds-Sp-t-Wta,
Hm k-tem-I--fp-sSbpw DS-a-bmb \mYm.
109. AhcpsS {]Xn--I Dd-n-p--Xn-\p-thn Am-lp-hn ZrV-ambn
BW-bn-p-sImv Ah ]d-bp-p: Rv Hcp Znhym-pXw (A-S-bmfw)
hcnI-bm-sW-n Xo-bmbpw RfXn hniz-kn-p--h Xs-bm-bncn-pw. \o ]d-bp-I: \nbw Znhym-pX- Am-lp-hns ]-em-Ipp.
\nbw AXv hmepw Ah hniz-mkn-Ifm-hpIbnsv Rm \nv
Fs\ Xncn--dnhv \Ipw?.
110. Ah-cpsS lrZ-b--sfbpw ZrjvSn-I-sfbpw \mw Idn-sm-n-cn-pIbm
Ipp-Ah BZy-hw CXn hniz-kn-m-Xn-cp-Xpt]mse Xs. \mw
Ahsc X- f psS [nm- c - n ey- t _m- [ - a n- msX hnl- c n- m
hnSpIbpw sNbvXn-cn-p-p.
ABw: 37 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Fv ZrjvSmw Ah-cpsS apn sImphmepw Ah hniz-kn-p-I-bn-sv Rm \nsf Fs\ t_m[n-npsav Amlp
hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv ]d-bp-I-bm-Wv. Hm lrZ-b--sfbpw Zrn-I-sfbpw Nmm-p--ht\, Fs
lrZ-bs \ns Zo\n Dd-np \nt-W-ta Fv \_n (k) Ftmgpw kpPq-Zn
{]mn-n-cp-p. Ckvdm-Av: 82, Jp-B apAvan\o-v tcmK-i-a-\hpw Imcp-Wy-hpam-sWpw, \ntj-[n-IXv \-a-msX hn-n-p-I-bn-spw ]d-n-p-v. Xu_:
125, I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Iv Jp-B amen-\y-n-\p-ta amen-\y-amWv hn-n-p-Isbpw, 124, hnizm-kn-Iv Jp-B hnizmkw hn-n-p-Ib
- pw Ah-cX
- n BmZw
sImp--h-cp-am-sWpw ]d-bp-p. _Jd: 14-15,41, Ben-Cw-dm: 183, An-km-Av: 7879,143, A-Bw: 45,32-36 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
111. \nbw, \mw ae-p-Isfs Ah-cn-tev Cd-p-I-bpw, acn--h AhtcmSv kwkm-cn-p-I-bpw, Ah-cpsS Iapn temI-p k- h-kvXp-sfbpw Hcp-anpIqpIbpw sNbvXmt]mepw Amlp Dt-in-msem-gnsI
Ah hnizm-kn-I-fm-Ip-am-bn-cp-n-. ]t Ah-cn A[n-I-t]cpw Ahnth-InI Xs-bm-Ip-p.
640
JpB\ns Bmhv
dAvZv: 31-, ]-X-sf k-cn-n-p-Itbm As-n `qansb apdnv ]nfp

Itbm, As-n acn--hsc ivaim-\--fn\nv Fgp-tnv kwkm-cn-n-p-Itbm
sNm in-bp Hcp Jp-B-\mWv \mw Ah-X-cn-n-n-cp-sX-nt]mepw Ah
hniz-kn-p-am-bn-cp-n. Fm AXv sNm\pw sNm-Xn-cn-m-\p-ap A[n-Im-c-a{Xbpw
Am-lp-hns ]-em-Ip-p. Atm Znhym-pXw {]Xy--s-Sm-Xn \ncm-i-]q
hnizm-kn-I a\-n-em-p-n-t, Amlp Dt-in-n-cp-s-n Fm a\p-jy-scbpw
kamK-n-em-p-am-bn-cp-p F-v. \ntj-[n-I-fm-bn-p--h-cp-sSta AhcpsS DXv]mZ\w
\nanw HmtcmXcw AXym-ln-X- kw`-hnpsImtbncnpp, As-n AhcpsS hopap-v hn]v Cd-m-Xn-cn-p-I-bn-Am-lp-hns hmKvZw (hn-[n-Zn-h-kw)
]pe-cp-Xphsc. \nbw Amlp hmKvZ-- Hcn-epw ewLn-p-I-bnXs.
lnPv: 14-15 kq-fn, Ah-cpsSta \mw BIm-i--fpsS Ihm-S- Xpd-v Ah
AXn-eqsS {]th-in-n-sSp-I-bm-sW-nt]mepw Ah ]d-bpw: \nbw \psS IpI An-n--s-n-cn-pp (s]m--s-n-cn-p-p) A, \mw amc-W-n\v hnt[-b-am-s- Hcp P\X Xs-bm-bn-cn-pp Fm-W-h ]d-bp-I. Fmepw Ah Cu JpB-\n hniz-kn-p-I-bn- Fpw, bq\p-kv: 96-97 kq--fn, Bcp-sS- ta-en-emtWm
Am-lphns hN\w bmYmy-am-b-Xv, Ahv \o Fv ZrjvSm-- sImp-h
mXsbpw thZ-\m-P-\-I-amb in ImWp--Xp-hsc Ah hniz-kn-p-I-bn Fpw
]-d
n-p-v (bq\p-kv: 33 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). A^m: 32, Ah {]mn-Xpw HmtXm-Wv, Am-lpth, Cu Jp-B bYm-n \nn\np kXy-am-sW-n
R-fpsSta BIm-i-p-\n-v Hcp Nc ag hjn-n-mepw, As-n R-v
thZ- \ m- P - \ - I - a mb as- s - nepw in sImp- h - mepw. Npcp- - n Fv
ZrjvSm ImWn-mepw \ntj[n-I hniz-kn-p-I-bn-sw. hnizm-kn-I-fpsS
kz`mhw kpa: 2223epw, A{I-an-IfpsS kz`mhw kPZ: 22epw ]d-n-p-v. amCZ: 51,67
t\mpI.
Amlp Dt-in-msX Hcmfpw hnizm-kn-bm-hp-I-bn Fp]d-Xv, acnpt]mb
amXm-]n-Xm- J_-dn\nv Fgp-tphv "aIt\ Rm\n-tm hcp-Xv \c-I-n
\nm-Wv, AXp-sImv \o Jp-B\ns hgn ]n]-pI' Fp-]-d-mepw Ah ]n]p-I-bn-. Fm ako-lp--m h-tijw Ah acn-p-t]mb Ah-cpsS amXm-]n-Xm
sf krn-p-I-bpw, B amXm-]n-Xm- aI-t\mSv "Ch (Z-m) \ns dm-Wv,
Ah-\n hniz-kn-tmfq' Fp-]-d-bp-tm Ah hniz-kn-p-Ibpw sNpsamWv.
Amlp Dt-in-p--h Fp-]-d-Xv, Jp-B-\ns Bi-bamIp XpemkpsImv
hnizm-kn-bm-sWv Dd-p-h-cp-p-I-bpw, hnizm-kn-bm-sWv {]Jym-]n-p-Ibpw sNp-hscpdnmWv.
bq\p-kv: 100, Am-lp-hns thp-I- Iq-SmsX Hcmpw hniz-kn-m Ign-bp
I-bn-, Nnn-m Bfp-Iv CsXmcp amen-\y-am-n-bn-cn-pp Fpw, Xu_: 125,
ap\m-^n-Jp-Iv Jp-B amen-\y-am--n-bn-cn-pp Fpw ]d-n-p-v. C_vdm-low:
1, Ah-c-h-cpsS dns CwKn-X-tm-Sp-IqSn Fp-]-d-Xv, Hmtcm hynbpw JpB kan-p Am-lp-hn-t\mSv, Jp-B-\n\nv Ah-c-hsc Xncn--dnv, JpB\ns shfn--n Rm\n, \otb Dq, AXp-sImv Fs \o \n\-p-thn
am{Xw Pohn-p {]Xn-\n-[n-bm--Ww, Fs \jvS-s-Sp--cpXv Fv lrZbwsImv
ABw (6)
641
{]mnp-hv am{Xta kmKw Inp-I-bp-q Fm-Wv. Acw hnizm-kn-IfpsS

lrZ-b-n-emWv Cuam tcJ-s-Sp-n-bn-p--sX-pw, Ahv Am-lp-hn\np
dqlv CpsImSp-p-sa-pw, Ah Xs-bmWv Am-lp-hns kwL-n s]-h-scpw
apPm-Zne: 22 ]d-n-p-v. A^m: 24, Ccw hnizm-kn-I XfpsS \mYs\
Jp- B kq- sImv A\p- k v a - c nn- - s m, Ah- c psS lrZ- b -
InSnewsImp-I-bpw Ah {]I-n-X-cm-hp-I-bpw sNp-sapw, Ah-cp-sS-ta kq-
Xnem-hv sNbvXp-sIm-Sp-m (hn-iZ- o-Ic
- nv hy-amnsmSp-m) Ah-cpsS Cuam
hn-p-I-bpw, Ah X-fpsS \mY-\n `c-tan-p-Ibpw sNpsapw ]d-n-p
v. _Jd: 213,256, An-km-Av: 17-18, amCZ: 50,54, A-Bw: 25-36 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
112. A{]-Imcw \mw Fm Hmtcm \_n-ampw h-\m-]-c-amb I\IhmIy
]c-kv]cw t_m[\w sNbvXp-sIm-n-cn-p, a\p-jy-cn\npw Pnp-Ifn
\np-ap ssimamsc i{Xp--fm-n-bn-cn-p-p. \ns dv Dt-inncp-s-n Ah-c-s\ sNp-am-bn-cp-n. Atm Ah-scbpw Ah
sIn--a-p-m-p-- I-c--sfbpw \o shSn-bpI.
a\p-jy-cnepw Pnp-If
- nepw ]nim-Np-f
- p-sv ]Tn-n-p kq-am-Wn-Xv. Amkv:
6epw, Pnp-I-fnepw a\p-jy-cnepws] ]nim-Np- a\p-jy-cpsS lrZ-b-fn kwibw
P\nn-p-sav ]d-bp-p-v. Pnp-Iqp-Im-cs\ hnizm-kn--bmmh-cmWv a\p-jy-cn
\np ]nim-Np-. Pnp-Iq-p-Im-cs\ hnizm-kn-bm-m\p amKw samw Jp-B\ns Bibw am{X-am-Wv. a\p-jysc Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n\nv XS-bp Im^n-dp
I Am-lphns i{Xp--fm-sWv ^pn-ev: 26-28epw, Acw I]-S-hn-izmkn-I
hnizm-kn-I-fpsS i{Xp--fm-sW-pw Ahsc kqn--W-sapw, Ahsc Amlp sImpI-f-n-p-spw ap\m-^n-Jq: 4epw ]d-n-p-v (_Jd: 99 Iqn-hmbnp-I). ABw:
121, Adp-p--Xn\papv Am-lp-hns \maw kvacn-mXv \n `n--cp-Xv,
\nbw AXv Im]-Sy-ap-f-hm-p--Xm-Wv. \nbw ]nim-Np- Ah-cpsS an{X-sf
\n-tfmSv Xn-p--Xn-\p-thn t_m[\w sNpw. Atm Ahsc A\p-k-cn-p-Ibm-sW-n \nbw \n apivcnp-I Xs-bm-bn-cn-pw. a\p-jy-n-im-Np-fmb
ap\m-^n-Jp-I hnNm-c-W-bn-msX \c-I-n-tev t]mIp--h-cmsWv A-n-km-Av:
145\npw, Fm Pnv -ssi-m hnNm-c-Wptij-amWv \c-I-n-tev t]mhpI-sbv C_vdm-low: 22\npw a\-n-em-mw. Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n\nv AI,
Am-lp-hns kvac-W-bnm--hv Hcp Pnp-Iq-p-Im-cs\ GnpsImSp-p-sa-pw,
B Pnp-Iq-p-Im-c Ahs\ \c-I
- n-tev ]nSn-p-he
- npsImp-t]m-Ip-sapw kpKvdp^v:
36-38, Jm^v: 27-29, liv: 16-17 kq--fn\nv a\-n-em-mw.
Pnnepw a\pjycnep-ap ]nim-Np- Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n \nmWv XSbp-I-sbv AAvdm^v: 175, amCZ: 90-91, ^pJm: 29, apPm-Zne: 19, ^pn-e-v: 26-29
kq--fnsemw hni-Zo-I-cn-n-pv. \_n-bpsS ]q-Po-hnXw ]n]-pIbpw XfpsS
DS-a-bn kkzw `c-tan-p-Ibpw sNp hnizmknIfpsSta a\pjyPnv ]nimNpv bmsXmcp kzm[o-\hpw A[n-Im-c-hp-an-sv Alv: 99 ]d-n-p-v.
AAvdm^v: 179, A[n-I -Pnp-Ifpw a\pjycpw \c-I-n Ipn-\n-d-m hn[n-shcm-sWpw, B a\p-jyv lrZ-b--fpv Fm AXpsImv FmWv Jp-
642
JpB\ns Bmhv
B, Fn-\mWv Jp-B, Fp-sImv Jp-B Fsmpw {Kln-p-I-bn, Ahv

Ip-I-fp-v, ]t AXpsIm--h _kzm-C ImWp-I-bn- (A-Bw: 104) Ahv
sNhn-I-fp-v, AXpsImv Jp-B\ns Bibw tIp-I-bn- (Ilv^v: 100-101) Ah
Ip-Im-en-Isf t]mse-bm-Wv A, Ah-tb-m hgn-]n-g--hcpw {]-b--h-cp-am-Wv
Fp]d-n-p-v. Atm ]nim-Nns\ AI-m-\p D]-I-cWw Jp-B-\ns samw
Bi-b-amWv. Ap-A-dm-Av: 212-, \n-bw, ]nim-Np Jp-B-\ns Bi-bw tIp-Xn-s\-smv AI--s--h Xs-bm-sWv ]dn-p-v. a\p-jy-n-im-Np-fpw JpB-\ns Bi-b-n\nv AIp-t]m-Ip--h-cmWv (amCZ: 49 t\mp-I). \msf Ah
ssI I-Sn-p-sImv Hm, Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n\nv F\n--Xv hp-In-n-b-Xn-\p-tijw
Fs Ah XS--tm, ]nimNv a\p-jy\v alm-h--I Xs-bm-bn-cppshv kzbw
k-Xnv hne-]n-p cwKw ^pJm: 27-29 ap-dn-bnv \Inbnpv. _Jd: 102,121,
An-km-Av: 118, A-Bw: 33,55,90 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-pI.
113. ]c-tem-IwsImv hniz-kn-m--h-cpsS lrZ-b- AXn-tev (h-\m]-c-amb I\IhmIyfn-te-v) BIr-jvS-am-Ip-Xn\pw Ah-c-Xn kw-Xr]vXcm-Ip--Xn\pw, Ah km-Zn-t Xn-I km-Zn-t--Xn\pw
thnbmIpp AXv.
a\p-jy-scbpw Pnp-I-sfbpw kzX-{--cm-bn-mWv Amlp krjvSn--Xv. Hmtcm-cp
pw \bpw Xnbpw \In-bn-p-v (Ad-lvam: 14 t\mp-I). Fm Hmtcm Bbncnepw sXmm-bn-cn sXmq-n-sbm-Xn-s\ ]mn-em-m ]nim-Nn\v hmv (I-gn
hv) -sIm-Sp-p-Ibpw sNbvXp (An-km-Av: 118 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). Fm B
]nim-Nns sIWn-bn s]Sm-Xn-cn-m-\pw, B ]nim-Nns\ \nb-{n-m\pw hnizm-knbmm\p- a p amKhpw Ahv \In. Fm Pohn- X - e yw Hman- msX
sFlnIPohnXw am{X-amWv Pohn-X-sav [cn--h-cpw B [mcW ap--h-cn-tev ]Wnsv Fn-p--h-cp-amb, Amlp sImp-I-f ap\m-^n-Jp-I-, a\p-jy-scbpw AhcpsS Pnp-Iq-p-Im-scbpw CSp-nb \c-I-ntev ]nSn-p-h-enpsIm-n-cn-p-Ibm-Wv
sNp--Xv. ssIImep-I kwkm-cn-p-, sXmen kwkm-cn-p-, `qan kwkm-cn-p
Zn\-n Fm A\p-{K-l-sfpdnpw tNmZyw sN-s-Sp-tm; `qansb AXns
kp-e-\n \ne-\nm-\p Jp-B\ns Bibw ]Tn-m\pw ]Tn-n-m\pw F{X
kabhpw k-p-samw sNe-h-gnp Fv tNmZn--ptm Ahv D-cw ]d-bm
Ign-bp-I-bn-. Rm Im^n-dm-bn-cpp Fp-]-d-bmsX \oXn-am-\mb Amlp Hcm-sfbpw
\c-I-n-te-n-S-pI-bn- (^pn-e-v: 26-29 t\mp-I).
kq-n (A^vC
- Z-
- )v F-Xn\v "Jpeq_v'(lr-Zb
-
- ) FmWv Aw sImSpn-p--Xv. "^pBZv' F-Xns _lp-h-N-\amb A^v-C-Zv lrZ-bw-sImv \S-p
Hcp {]{In-b-bm-Wv. Atm AXn\v {i, kvacW Fs-m-amWv Bi-bw. _Jd:
67,166-167,254257, Ben-Cw-dm: 10,136,182, ABw: 21,25-27,92-94 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
114. Amlp Am--hsc hn[n-Im-hmbn Rm At\z-jn-p-I-tbm? Ah\m-Is \nv hy-ambn hni-Zo-Ic
- n-n-p thZw Cd-p-Ibpw sNbvXncn-pp. Atm BmtWm {Kw Inn-bXv, Ah Adn-bp--h-cmWv:
ABw (6)
643
\nbw Cu Jp-B X-fpsS dn-\nv ey-tm-Sp-IqSn Cd-s--Xm-sW-v. Atm \o Hcn-epw kwi-bm-ep--fn s]p-t]m-I-cp-Xv.
Jp-B sImmWv hnizm-kn-I hyn- Po-hn-X-nepw IpSpw_ Pohn-X-n-epw
kaql Pohn-X-n-ep-samw hn[n Iev]n-t--Xv. As\ JpBsImv hn[n Iev]nm--h \ntj-[n-I-fpw A{I-an-I-fpw sXm-Sn-I-fmb [nm-cn-I-fp-am-sWv bYm-{Iaw
amCZ: 44-45,47 kq--fn ]d-n-p-v. AAvdm^v: 196, \nbw Fs kwc-I {K-an-d-n-bn-p Am-lp-hm-Ip-p. Ah k-\-sf sXsc-s-Sp-p--h\p-am-Ip-p Fpw ]d-n-p-v. _Jd: 121,146147, An-km-Av: 49-56, amCZ: 49-50, ABw: 3638 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
115. \ns dns hN\w kXy-mepw \oXnbmepw ]qn-bmbngn-n-cnp-p. Ahs hN-\- amn-a-dn-p--h-cmbn Bcp-an-. Ah Fmw
tIp k-t{im-Xm-hpw Fmadn-bp k-m-\n-bp-a-tm.
bmko: 7, Ah-cn A[n-I-t]-cnepw hN\w _m[-I-ambn, Atm Ah hnizkn-p-I-bn-s-pw, 70, Poh-\p--hsc ap-dn-bnv \Ip--Xn-\pw Im^n-dp-I-fp-sS-ta
hN\w m]n-X-am-Im-\p-amWv Cu Jp-B Ah-X-cn-n-n-p--sXpw ]d-bp-p (bq\pkv: 33 t\mpI). \mw Dt-in-n-cp-s-n Fm Hmtcm Bm-hn\pw AXns kamKw
sImSp-p-am-bn-cp-p, Fm Fn\nv hN-\-ap-m-bn--gnp: Pnp-I-sf-smpw
a\p-jy-sc-smpw apgp-h\pw \cIw Ipn-\n-d-pIXs sNp-w Fv k-PZ: 13 ]dn-p-v. An-km-Av: 118 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Ien-amv (A-m-lp-hns hN-\-): Jp-B\ns Bi-bhpw (A-n-Iv) A
hpw (Po-h) -A-S-nb hymJym-\-amb Jp-B\ns dqlm-Wv Ien-amv. AXv Fgp-Xnbmepw ]d-mepw Xocp-I-bn-sv Ilv^v: 109, epJvam: 27 kq--fn\nv a\-nem-mw. dqlns\pdnv tNmZn-m AXns Imcyw Fs dns ] am{XamsWv
]d-bm-\mWv \_n-tbmSv Ckvdm-Av: 85mw kq-n-eqsS Amlp Iev]n-n-p--Xv. Cu
]qhN-\- (I-en-am-v) sImmWv Amlp krjvSn-n-p Fm Xn-bn \npw
A`bw tXSm \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p--Xv. Am-lp-hns \ma-tmSv (kva-c-WtbmSv)IqSn
BIm-i--fntem `qan-bntem bmsXmcp B]pw hcn-I-bn-s-pw, Ah Fmw tIp-h-\pw Adn-bp--h-\p-amWv Fv {]mn-m\pw \_n (k) ]Tn-nnp-v.
"Ahs hN-\- amn-a-dn-p--hcmbn Bcp-an-' Fp-]-d--Xns hnh-,
{XnIm-e-m-\n-bmb Am-lp-hns {XnIm-em\-amb Jp-B ]d Imcy-
Acw-{]Xn \S-n-em-Ip-sa-mWv. Am-lp-hns Ncy-bmb Jp-B amn-a-dn-pXmbn
\o ImWp-I-bn Fv Alvkm_v: 62--epw, ^mXzn: 43epw ]d-n-p-v. _Jd: 152,213,
An-km-Av: 78,82,87,135, amCZ: 13 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
116. `qan-bnep A[n-I-t]-scbpw \o A\p-k-cn-p-I-bm-sW-n Ah \ns
Am-lp-hns amKn\nv hyXn-N-en-n-p--Xpam-Wv. \nbw Ah
Dul--sf-bmsX ]n]-mhcpw \nK-a-\--fpw A\p-am-\--fpamsX
shp-]p-em-h-cpamIp-p.
644
JpB\ns Bmhv
Fm Hmtcm Bbne-nepw sXmm-bn-cn sXmq-n-sbm-Xpw \c-I-n-tembn-cns hnizm-kn-I `qcn-]--n-ttbm kwL-S-\-m-cp-tStbm hgn ]n]-p--h-c-.
Am-lp-hns hgn Jp-B\ns hgn-bm-Wv. Ddp\Ip hrm--amb Jp-B\ns
Bi-b-an-m--h-scmw Dul-sf ]n]-p--h-cpw \nK-a-\- ssIsIm-p--h-cp-amWv. I]-S-hn-izmkn-I-fm-hs, Cu Imcy--sfms Adn-bp-sa-nepw hkvXpX aqSn-shv
km[m-c-msc \c-I-n-tev ]nSnphenp sImp-t]m-Ip a\p-jy-n-im-Np--fp-am-Wv.
lpP-dm-v: 12, Hm hnizm-kn-I-tf, \n Dul--fn\nv A[n-Ihpw hn-p-I,
Dul-f
- n NneXv Ip-amsWv ]d-n-p-v. AXp-sIm-mWv Jp-B\
- n-s-n PohnXw
]mgmbntmbn Fv _Jd: 121, Ben-Cw-dm: 4, kpa: 63, ap\m-^n-Jq: 9 kq--fn
Amlp ]d-n-p--Xv. _Jd: 78-79,166-167,285-286, An-km-Av: 118,135-140 hni-Zo-IcWw
t\mp-I.
117. \nbw \ns dv Xs-bmWv, Ahs amK-n\nv hyXn-N-en--hcmcm-sWpw kamKw {]m]n--h BcmsWpw Ghpw \mbn Adnbp-h.
118. Atm \n Am-lp-hns kq--fn hniz-kn-p--h-cm-sW-n
Am-lp-hns \maw kva-cn-sXn\nv \n `npsImp-I.
a\p-jy-cn A[n-I-t]cpw bYm- m-\-an-msX Dul-fpw A\p-am-\-fpw
shp-]p-ep--h-cpw ImImc-W-ham-cpsShgn A-ambn A\p-Icn-phcp-am-Wv.
A-Xn-\m Ah sIn--a-pm-nb hnizm-k--sfmw hnv Am-lp-hn-\p-thn
Pohn-p--h-cpw, `Ww Ign-p--h-cpw, Ahs \ma-n Ah-\p-thn _en-bnp--hcpw, Ahs \ma-n am{Xw Adp-Xv `n-p--h-cp-am-bn-cn-Ww hnizm-knI- Fv Iev]n-p-I-bm-Wv. Am-lp-hns kvac-W-bnepw Am-lp-hns t]cn-ep-a-msX
\on-sh-n-p `-W-hn-`-h--sfmw \njn-hpw Ah-sbmw ]n-amw-k-tm-sSmw
amen-\yhpw As-n Im]-Sy-ap-f-hm-p--Xp-am-sWv A-Bw: 145 ]d-n-cn-p-p.
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I amen-\y-am-sWpw Ahsc shSn-b-W-sapw \_n (k)-tbmSpw hnizmkn-I-tfmSpw Xu_: 95 ]d-n-p-v. Jp-B I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Iv amen-\y-amsX
hn-n-p-I-bn Fv Xu_: 125-epw ]d-n-p-v. ^mnl: 4, Ben-Cw-dm: 190-191
119. Am-lp-hns \maw kva-cnsv Adp-Xn\nv Xnm-Xn-cn-m
\ns-mWv \ymbw? \nbw \n-fp-sS-ta \njn--am-n-bn-p-Xv
Fm-sWv hni-Zo-I-cn-n-p--Xm-WtmFm Xnp--Xn \n
\n_ns-sXmgnsI. Fm P\-fn A[nIt]cpw bmsXmcp Adnhpan-msX Ah-cpsS Cm-\n-jvS-sf Bkv]-Z-amn ap--hsc hgn-]n-gnp-h Xs-bm-Wv. \nbw Ccw AXn-cp-I-hn- AXn-{I-anIsfpdnv \ns dv Xs icnpw Adn-bp--h-\m-Ip-p.
\njn--amb `-W-km-[-\- Jp-B-\n hni-Zo-I-cn-np-v. B \njn--amb
`-W-Xs \n_-n-Xm-h--bn ]cn[n ewLn-m-sX-bpw, \njnw Xnm
B{K-ln-m-sXbpw `n-p-I-bm-sW-n hntcm-[-an-spw hy-ambn hniZoI-cn-n-cn-
ABw (6)
645
s, Bbn-cn sXmm-bn-cn sXmq-n-sbm-Xns] a\p-jy-cpsS Cm-\n-jvS \n ]np-Scm ]mSn-s-mWv hnizm-kn-It- fmSv Iev]n-p-X
- v. "Adnhv' Fm
Jp-B\ns Bi-b-am-Wv. AXn-msX thsd GXv Adn-hp-m-bmepw Ah Pmln-ep-IfmWv (lv: 8 t\mp-I). Jp-B\ns Bibw DWn-bnv AXns\ Ah-K-Wnp
t]mIp--h A{I-an-Ifpw {`mam-cp-am-sWv kPZ: 22, Ilv^v: 57, AAvdm^v: 40 kq-fn ]d-n-p-v. Ah-tcmSv Amlp {]Xn-Imcw sNp-sapw ]d-n-p-v (ABw:
24-25 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 120,169176, 208, amCZ: 3,7782, ABw: 111 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
120. \n {]Xy--amb Ip--sf-bpw ]tcm--amb Ip--sfbpw shSn-bpI.
\n-bw Ipw km-ZnpsIm-n-cn-p--h-cm-tcm, Ah hymPw sIn--a-Xn-\p {]Xn-êw Is-pIXs sNpw.
P\fpsS ASp- Ip-ambn ImWp {]h\fmWv Ip-Ir-Xy--fn {]Xy-am-bn-p--Xv. P\- ImWm Ah--bn Amlp ImWp-n- F t_m[n kzbw cl-ky-ambn {]hn-p Ip-Ir-Xy--fmWv ]tcm--am-bn-p--Xv. Hcp
Ipw {]hn-m B{K-ln-m AXv Ip-ambn ]cn-K-Wn-p-I-bn-, AXv {]hnm AXn\v X-Xmb in am{Xta e`n-p-I-bp-ap-q. ap--hsc Ip-Ir-Xy--
sNp--Xn-\p-thn t{]cn-n-m AXns ]m]-`m-c-ns Hcp]v t{]cn-n--hv
e`n-p--Xm-Wv. AXpw {]Xy--amb Ip--fn-em-Wv hcn-I. bmko: 12 ]d
]nKm-an-Ipthn hnt-p-t]m-Ip- ss]Xr-I
- Ckvem-ans kwkvImcw Xsbm
bn-cn-m hnizm-kn-I {in-t--Xm-Wv. Am--]w Ah- hgn-]n-g-n P\-XbpsS Ay\mhsc-bp ]m]-`m-c-n-semcp ]v Ah hln-tnhcpw. AXpsImv
Cv hnizm-kn-I `qcn] apkven-fpsS PohnXcoXn -]n]-mXncn-p-Ibpw JpB
AW--p-]-tbm-Knv ISn-p-]n-Snv Pohn-pIbpw sN-W-sa-v \_n (k) ]Tn-n-np-
Xv A\z-ampIbpw th-Ww. Hmtcm-cp-cpw km-Zn--Xn-\p {]Xn-êw am{X-amWv
Ahv ]c-n e`n-p-I-sbv Cu kqhpw ]Tn-n-p-p. _Jd: 201-202,261, Ankm-Av: 85,110-113, A-Bw: 151152 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I.
121. Am-lp-hns \maw kvacn-sSmsX Adp-s-n-p arK--fpsS amwkw
\n `n-m ]mSn-m--Xm-Ip-p. \nbw AXv Im]-Sy-ap-f-hmp
XmIp-p. \n-bw ]nim-Np- Ah-cpsS an{X-fntev \n-tfmSv
Xn-p--Xn-\p-thn kwi-b-fpw hnai-\-fpw t_m[\w \Insm-n-cn-p-p-v. \n Ahsc A\p-k-cn-p-I-bm-sW-n, \nbw
\n Am-lp-hns A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i--fn ]p-tNp apivcnp
I Xs-bm-bn-cn-pw.
Am-lp-hns \maw D-cn-Xv F ]d--Xv, adnv \maw kvacn-Xv Fm-Wv.
Atm Adp-p-tmgpw Xnp-tmgpw _nkvan sNmn-b-Xp-sImv A\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-hp-Ibn. Am-lp-hn-\p-thn \on-sh--Xpw, Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-b-n (CXv \nn
\np--Xm-Wv, \nn-te-mWv) kvacn-p-sImv Adp-Xpw am{Xta hnizm-kn-I `nm-hq. Am-Xv Im]-Sy-ap-fhm-p amen-\y-amb ]n-amw-k-fn s]-Xm-sWv
646
JpB\ns Bmhv
A-Bw: 145epw, amCZ: 3epw ]d-n-p-v. ]nim-Np- Ah-cpsS an{X--tfmSv ]e

Dulm-t]ml-fpw XhnX-fpw t_m[n-np sImSp-p-p-s-Xns DZm-lc-W-fns]XmWv: GXv t\-h-gn-]m-Sp-I-fneqsS \on-sh `-W-km-[-\-am-sWnepw _nkvan sNmn Xnm Ipg--an Fp-]-d-bp--Xv. ]ptcm-ln-Xamtm ]nItm kwL-S-\-Itm A\m-Yime-Itm kv{Xo[\w sImSpv klm-bn-p-Xnt\m km-Zy-n\-p Hcp-hn-lnXw \on-shpI-bm-sWn I--S-v, Icn-, ]qgvnsh-v, ]en-i, temdn, amcWw a{w, P\-sf NqjWw sN XpSnb
GXv Ahn-lnX amK--fn-eqsS ]Ww km-Zn-mepw \njn--am-hp-Ibn F \bw
kzoI- c n- epw AXpt]mse Xs- b m- W v (_Jd: 268 hni- Z o- I - c Ww t\mp- I ).
Adlvam: 14 kq-a-\p-k-cnv Jp-B-\ns Bibw Hmtcm \^vkns\bpw kzKnshpXs ]Tn-n-n-p-s-n-cns GXv {]hrn sNptmgpw a\x-km-n[yw
Dm-bn-cn--Ww. a\x-km-nv hncp--ambn GXv {]hrn sNbvXmepw AXv ]nimNns t_m[-\-n\v ASn-a-s-p-sIm-m-bn-cn-pw. Jnbma: 14-15 kq-fn, A;
a\p-jy\v Ahs\p-dnv icnpw ImgvN-m-Sp-v, Ah Fv Hgn-I-gnhv ]d-mepw icn
Fp-]-d-n-p-v (ABw: 104 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). _Jd: 99,174176, 183,188,234,255,
An-km-Av: 29-33,42, amCZ: 41-42,44,48,61-64, ABw: 25-26,90 kq--sfmw aqSnshp
sImv Ccw Xn-Iv t{]cWI- \Ip a\p-jy-n-im-Np-sf Hcp-Im-cy-nepw
hnizm-kn-I A\p-k-cn--cp-sX-pw, AYhm Ahsc A\p-k-cnp-I-bm-sW-n hnizmkn
I apivcnp-Ifmbno-cp-sa-mWv kqw ]Tn-n-p--Xv. _Jd: 166167, Ben-Cwdm:
86,91 An-km-Av: 91,140-145, amCZ: 90-91, A-Bw: 112,158-159 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
122. Hcp-h acn Ah--bnembn-cp-p, Atm \mw Ahs\ Pohn-n-p-Ibpw {]Imiw sImSp-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ah B {]ImiwsImv P\n-Sb
- n Ncn-p-p. A-s\-bp Hcph A-Im-c
- n AIsv
Hcp-hn-[
- nepw ]pd-p-IS-
- m Ign-bm-h
- s\tmse-bmtWm? A{]-Imcw
kXy-ad
- nv aqSn-sh-p \ntj-[n-Iv Ah- {]hn-p-sIm-n-cpXv
Ae-m-c-am--s-n-cn-p-p.ChnsS {]Imiw Jp-B-\m-Wv. Jp-B\nm Ah- acn Ah--bm-Wv.
AXmWv Jp-B\ns Bi-bw (B-mhv)- A-dn-nv aqSn-sh-p ap\m-^n-Jns\ Amlp
h[n-n-p-spw, Ah hnizm-kn-I-fpsS i{Xp-hm-sWpw ap\m-^n-Jq: 4 ap-dnbnv
\In-bn-pXv (_-Jd: 99 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). a\p-jysc Ccp-p-If
- n\nv {]Im-i
- ntev
Ah-chcpsS dns k-Xtm-Sp-IqSn ]pd-s-Sp-hn-p--Xn-\v thnbmWv \mw \n\v
Cu {Kand-n-bnp-Xv Fv C_vdm-low: 1 ]d-n-p-v. Jp-B Inn-bnv D]tbm-Kn-m a\p-jy A-Im-c-n-epw, \c-Issmv a ssIsImph-cp-am-b
]nim-Nns kwL-m-cm-Wv, Ah acn--h-sc-tm-se-bm-Wv (ABw: 36 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I). Acw Im^n-dp-Iv Ah-cpsS I--sfmw ]nimNv Ae-m-c-am-nsm-Sp-n-cn-p-p (ABw: 21 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). bqkp-^v: 3, Cu Jp-B Znhy-kt-i-ambn \n\v \Ip--Xn\papv \o {]-b--h-cn s]-h Xs-bm-bn-cpp
Fp-]-d-n-p-v. AAvdm^v: 205, \ns dns\ \^vkp-sImv hn\o-X-\m-bnpw
Dn-s-bp-n `b-s-p-sImpw \mhpsImv "Amlv' Fp-]-d-bmsX {]`m-X- {]tZm-j-t`-Z-at\y Fm-bvtmgpw kvacn-p-I. \mhpsImv Dds]d-mse tIp-I-
ABw (6)
647
bp-q, Amlp lrZ-b--fpsS Ah--b-dn-bp--h-\ F [mc-W-bp-h-cns]v \o

{]-b--h-\m-I-cpXv Fpw ]d-bpp. AYhm Am-lp-hn-s\bpw ]nim-Nn-s\bpw hnizmkn-sbbpw Im^n-dn-s\-bpw, kzK-hm-kn-sbbpw \c-I-hm-kn-sbbpw thXn-cn--dn-bm-\p
Xpemkpw ^pJm\psamw Jp-B-\ns Bibw Xs-bm-Wv. lZo-Zv: 16 Amlp
tNmZn-pp: hnizm-kn-Iv Ah-cpsS lrZ-b- Am-lp-hns\ ]n-bp kvac-W-bntepw Ah- X - c n- p- I n- nb kXy- n- t epw InSnewsImv hn\o- X \mIphm- \ pw,
Xpapv thZw \I-s--hsctmse BIm-Xn-cn-p-hm\pw C\nbpw ka-b-am-bnt?
As\ B thZ-mv Imew ZoLn-p-t]m-hp-Ibpw Xqew Ah-cpsS lrZ-b-
ISp-p-t]m-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ah-cn A[n-I-t]cpw [nm-cn-I-fmb sXm-SnI-fm-bn-cp
p (kpa: 23, ^mXzn: 19-22, lqZv: 24, liv: 20, kPZ: 18 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd:
24,121,213,257, Ben-Cw-dm: 185, An-km-Av: 174175, ABw: 25-26,55,91-92,108 hni-Zo-I
cWw t\mp-I.
123. A{]-Imcw Fm \mnepw AXnse sIt-aam-cmb [nm-cn-Ifmb {`mam-sc kXy-n-s\-Xn-cmbn KqV-X{- - sa\-bp-X
- n-\mbn \mw \nbnn-p--Xm-Ip-p. Ah bYm-n Xs-Xn-cmbns-bmsX
KqV-X{w sa\-bpn, ]t AhcXv Xncn--dn-bp-n-.
Ckvdm-Av: 16- Amlp ]d-bpp: Hcp \mSns\ \in-n-m-\p-t-in-m AXnse
kpJ-tem-ep-]am-tcmSv \mw Iev]n-p-I-bm-bn, As\ AhcXn [nmcw {]hnp-I-bpw, Atm Ah-cp-sS-ta inm-hn[n _m[-I-am-hp-Ibpw sNpw. Atm \mw
AXns\ XIv \mam-h-ti-j-am-p-p. Aw-ev: 47-53 kq--fn Amlp ]dbpp: kzmenlv \_nsb YaqZv P\-X-bn-tev {]hm-N-I-\mbn Abnp-m-bn-cp-p. B
P\X At-l-tmSv ]dp: \nsbpw \ntm-sSm--ap--h-scbpw R ZpIp-\-ambn-mWv ImWp--Xv. kzmenlv adp-]Sn ]dp: \n-fpsS iIp\w Am-lp-hns ]em-Ip-p, A, \n-sfmcp ]co-n--s-Sp P\X Xs-bm-Ip-p. B ]-W-n
`qa-nbn \mi-ap-m-p HXv tKm{X-m-cp-m-bn-cpp. Ah kpIrXw sNp--h
Bbn-cp-nXs. \n Am-lp-hn BW-bn-v {]Xn sNpI: \n-b-am-bnpw
kzmen-ln-s\bpw IpSpw-_-sbpw cm{Xn sImp-I-f-bpIbpw, ]ns At-l-ns cm[n-Im-cn-tbmSv \ns IpSpw-_s \in-n--Xn\v R kmn-I-f-, R kXyw
]d-bp--h Xs-bmsWv ]d-bp-Ibpw sNm-sav Xocp-am-\n-p-d-n-p-Ibpw sNpI.
As\ Ah KqV-X{w sa\-p, Ah Adn-bmsX \mapw (A-m-lp) X{w sa\p. Atm t\mp-I, Ah-cpsS X{-ns ]cn-WnXn Fm-bn-cp-s-v. \mw
Ah-scbpw Ah-cpsS P\-X-sbbpw apgp-h\pw \in-n-p-I-bpw, hnizm-kn-Isfbpw JpB ]n]n Pnhn ap-Jo--sfbpw c-s-Sp-p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
dAvZv: 33- Amlp ]d-bpp: Atm Fm Hmtcm-cp-cpw km-Zn--Xns\
B[m-c-amn hn[n-Iev]n-p-hm Ahsc hon-p-sIm-n-cn-p (\n-jv]--hm-\m-b)
Hcp-h, Ah\v Cu P\w ]m-fn-Isf Btcm-]n-n-cn-p-p. {]hm-N-Im B ]m-fn-I-fpsS
t]cp-I ]d-bm (bYm-n Amlp AwKo-I-cn-n-p ]m-fn-I-fmWv Ah-scn) Ah-tcmSv ]d-bp-I. As-n `qan-bn Am-lp-hn\v Adn-bm-Xv \n Ahs\
]Tn-n-p-I-bmtWm? AtXm \n hmbn hcp hmp-I ]d-bp-I-bmtWm? Fm
648
JpB\ns Bmhv
kXy-k-tiw kzoI-cn-m hnk--Xn P\-n\v Ah-cpsS IpX-{- Ae-m-c-am-s-Sp-I-bpw Ah t\amK-n\nv XS-b-s-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-p--p F-Xs{X
kXyw. Bsc-bmtWm Amlp hgn-tI-Sn-em-n-b-Xv, Atm Ahs\ kamK-n-tem-p--h Bcp-a-n. 42-, Ahv apv Ign-p-t]m-bn-p P\-fpw henb
henb X{-- ]b-n t\mnbn-p-v. Fm Fm X{--fp-w Am-lp-hns ]em-Ip-p. Fm Hmtcm \^vkpw (B-m-hpw) Fv t\Sn-sIm-n-cn-p-sv Ah
Adn-bp-p. Atm BmWv ip`- ]-cyhkm\-sav Cu \ntj-[-n-\p-ta \ntj[w
ssIsm-p Ip^v^m-dp-I ASpv Adn-bpIXs sNpsav ]d-n-p-v. C_vdmlow: 46- Amlp ]d-bpp: Ah X-fpsS X{--sfmsbpw ]b-n-t\mn, ]t
Am-lp-hns ]-emWv Ah-cpsS X{--sfm-s-bpw. Ah-cpsS X{- ae-I
\ont]m-Im am{Xw `b--c--fm-bn-cp-p-sh-nepw Am-lp-hns ] Fmw \njvê-am-bn. Fm Imepw Jp-B\ns Bibw {]N-cn-n-p-Xv XS-bm a\p-jy-n-imNp--fmb kXy\ntj-[n-I Fm X{-fpw ]b-n-bn-p-v. Fm Fmw AS-n-`cn-p Am-lp-hns ] Xs-bmWv Ah-cpsS aqm-hpw Fn-cns Am-lphns ] Ah-cpsS X{--sfmpw hne-tm-bn-n-. Ub-\m-anv s]mnv ae-I
\om km[n-t-mw, Fm Jp-B\ns Bibw {]t_m-[\w sNp--hsc kzbw
t_mw_mbn s]mnv \in-n-mt\m ap X{- sa\v \in-n-mt\m km[n-pI-bn-s-mWv Amlp ChnsS ap-dn-bnv \Ip--Xv. ^mXzn: 10- Amlp ]dbpp: Xn-I \S-n-em-p--Xn\pthn KqV-X{w sa\-bp--hv AXnITn-\-amb
in-bp-v, Aq--cpsS KqV-X{w Ahs-Xn-cmbns ên-p--Xp-am-Wv. Amlp-hns i{Xp-fmb I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Isfp-dn-mWv apPvcnwIfnse sIt-aam- Fp]-d-n-p--Xv. Ah-sc-bmWv Amlp h[n-m Iev]n--Xpw (An-km-Av: 91) AhcpsS
I-c--fm-emWv `qan \in-n--s-Sp-Xpw. Fm AX-h Xncn--dn-bp-I-bn- (AlvJm^v:
20-28, kpKvdp-^v: 7478 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 11-12,99,159-161, Ben-Cw-dm: 54-55,102,
amCZ: 67, A-Bw: 26,4547,55,112 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
124. Ah-v Hcp kqw hp-Inp-tm Ah ]d-bp-p: Am-lp-hns
ZqXamv \In-bXpt]mep-Xv Rv \Ip-Xphsc R
hniz-kn-p-I-bnXs. Xs ktisan-m-\p ZuXyw Bp
\I-Ww, Fs\ \I-Ww Fv Ghpw Adn-bp--h-\s{X Am-lp.
{`mam-cmb Cu [nm-cn-Iv, Ah-cpsS KqV-X{w {]tbm-Kn-n-cp-Xns ê-ambn Am-lp-hns kn-[n-bn \nyX-bpw AXn-I-Tn-\-amb
inbpw _m[n-pI Xs sNpw.
Am-lp-hns ZqXamv \In-bXpt]m-ep-Xv F-Xns Dt-iyw, aqkm
\_np \In-bXpt]mse ]mm-Ip hSn, ssI I-n-shs-Sp-m {]-Im-inpI, Cukm \_nv \Inb acn--hsc Pohn-n-m\p Ign-hv, Aam-scbpw
]mWvUp t- cm-Kn-Is
- fbpw kpJ-s-Sp-m-\p Ignhv, kmenlv \_nv \In-bXpt]mep
H-Iw XpS-nb Znhym-pX- Rv \Ip--Xp-hsc R hniz-kn-p-I-bns-mWv \_n (k)-bpsS A`n-kw-t_m-[-I-cmb am apivcnp-I \_n-tbmSv ]d-ncp--Xv. bq\p-kv: 90-92, ^n-Hu IS-en apnm-hm XpS-n-b-tm "Rm CkvdmCu k-Xn-I hniz-kn Cem-ln hniz-kn-n-cn-p-p. Rm k-kzhpw Am-
ABw (6)
649
lp-hn\p kan--h-\m-bn-cn-pp' Fp-]-d--tm Amlp ]d-p: Ctmtgm? CXn\p-apv \o \mi-Im-cn-I-fn s]-h-\m-bn-cp--tm. Atm Ct-Zn-hkw ]nKm-anIsmcp ZrjvS-m-am-p--Xn-\p-thn \ns icocw c-s-Sp-p--Xm-Wv. Fm
\nbw P\--fn A[n-I-t]cpw \psS ZrjvSm--sfsmv {]-b--h Xsbm-Wv. bq\p-kv: 101 Amlp ]d-bp-p: hniz-kn-m Iqm-m-smcp P\-Xv ZrjvSm-fpw ap-dn-bn-p-Ifpw {]tbm-P\
- s
- -Sp-Ib
- n-. Ben-Cw-dm: 183, A-Bw: 3738,109110,113
125. Atm Bv Amlp kamK-a-cp-fp-hm Dtinp-p-thm, Ahs
s\v (lrZbw) Amlp Ckvem-an-\p-thn hnim-ea
- m-p-p. Bsc Ah
hgn-]n-g-nv ZpamK-n-em-m Dt-inp-p-thm, BIm-i-tv tIdntm-Ip-Xpt]mse, Ahs s\v Ckvem-ans\pdnv Hmp-XpXs
CSp-hpw _pn-app-Xpamn amp--p. C{]-Imcw hnizm-kn-I-f-m--hcpsSta Am-lp (Jp-B\ns\) amen-\y-amnshn-cn-p-IbmWv.
126. CXm-Is, \ns \mY-\n\np Ghpw sNmmb amK-am-Ip-p. \nbw
lrZbwsImv kvacn-p P\-Xpthn \mw \psS kq- hyambn hni-Zo-I-cnp Ign-n-p-v.
kpa: 22, Atm Hcp-hs s\v Ckvem-an-tev hnim-e-amn sImSp-p-IbpwAh Xs dn-\np Hcp {]Im-i-n-ep-am-Wv, Am-lp-hns kvacWsbsmv (Jp-B\ns Bi-bssmv) X-fpsS lrZbw ITn-\-ambn In-hmWv \c-I-nse "ssh' F sNcnhv. Aq- hy-amb hgn-tI-Sn-emWv. Cu
cp-Iq-cpw ka-am-hp-I-bn- Fp]d-n-p-v (kpKvdp-^v: 36-38 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). kpa:
23, Amlp Ghpw \ -h-am\w Ah-X-cn-n-pBe-m-cn-I-hpw Bhn-mhnv hcp--Xp-amb kq--f-S-nb {Kw. AXnse kqsImv XfpsS
\mYs\ `b-s-Sp--h-cpsS sXmen-I tcmamw sImp-I-bpw, ]ns Ah-cpsS sXmenIfpw lrZ-b-fpw Am-lp-hn-s kvacWsIms (Jp-B\ns BibwsIms) XfncnX-am-bn {]I-n-X-cm-Ip--Xm-Wv, AXmWv Am-lp-hns kamKw. Jp-B\ns
BibwsImv Ah-\p-t-in-p--hsc AXn-tev \bn-p-p. Bsc-bmtWm Amlp
hgn-]n-g-n-Xv, Ahsc amKZi\w sNp--h-cmbn Bcp-an- (A^m: 24 Iqn-hm-bnp-I). Adlv: 1, Amlp tNmZn-p-p: \ns s\ns\ \mw hnim-e-am-n-bnstbm? lv: 78, \nv Zo\n Hcp _pn-appw IpSppw Dm-n-bn-n-sv
]d-bp-p. I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Iv Jp-B\pw Ckvemapw amen-\y-n-\p-ta amen-\y-w hnnp-sa-pw, Ah kXy-\n-tj-[n-I-fmbn ac-W-s-Sp-sapw Xu_: 125 ]d-n-p-v.
bq\p-kv: 100- Amlp ]d-bpp: Hcp Bmhpw Am-lp-hns thp-I-Iq-SmsX hnizkn-p-I-bn, A{]-Imcw _pn-bp-]-tbm-Knv Nnn-m--hv Cu Jp-B-\ns\ \mw
amen-\y-am-n-bn-cn-p-p.
Jp-B kq- Xn--d-bp-Ibpw AhsIms Fmw ]Tnp XnIhcmsWv Al-mcw ssIsm-pIbpw sNphv (Bm-hn-\v) Ah-cpsS I-
"Cn-o-\n'tcJ-s-Sp-p--Xn\v kzK-n-tev t]mIp--Xn-\p-thn BIm-i--fpsS
650
JpB\ns Bmhv
Ihm- S - Xpd- p- s Im- S p- sSpI- b n- s - pw, Ah Xpm- c s kqNn- b psS

ZzmcneqsS HIw {]th-in-p-Xphsc kzKn {]th-in-p-I-bn-spw AAvdm^v:
40 ]d-n-p-v (lv: 31 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I, Ben-Cw-dm: 117 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I).
^mnl: 5, "Rsf \o Ghpw sNmmb amKn-tev amKZi\w sNt-Wta'-sbv ASna DS-at- bmSv tNmZn-X
- n\v adp-]S- n-bmbn e`n Jp-B Xs-bmWv kzKnte-v t\scsNs-bp amKw (_Jd: 2,38,185 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). kamKhpw
ZpamKhp- s amw Hmtcm \^v k n\pw (B- m- h v ) \In- b n- p- v (Aw- k v : 710
t\mp- I ). Atm samw Jp-B\n-s Bi-b-amb kamKw a\-n-em-pXn\pthn Fs \mYm F\nv Adnhv hn-n-p-XtcWta Fv {]mn-p-sImv hmbnp-I-bpw tIp-Ibpw lrZbwsImv Hmp-Ibpw sNp I. lrZ-b-n\v imnbpw
kam-[m-\hpw e`n-p--Xn\pw Fm {]iv\pw ]cn-lmcw e`n-pXn\pw JpB\ns Bibhpambn Ftmgpw _-sSpI (_Jd: 2728 t\mp-I). As\ PohnX-eyw a\-n-emn Am-lp-hns -ASptv Xncn-p-t]m Im- shsIm-p-Ibpw, ùXn-I-Po-hn-Xtm-Sp BIj-Ww Ipd-p-Ibpw sNpI. ^mnl: 6, _Jd:
44,186, An-km-Av: 78,87, amCZ: 48, ABw: 55,90,122 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
127. Ahv X-fpsS \mYs ] kam-[m-\-tK-l-ap-v. Ah Ah-cpsS
cm[nIm-cn-bm-Ip-p. Ah ChnsS {]hn--Xn\v {]Xn-ê-am-bn
smmW-Xv.
kzKw Hmtcm-cp-cpw ChnsS ]Wn-tb-XmWv. \c-Ihpw kzKhpw Ah-c-h
km-Znp--Xm-sWv Ben-Cw-dm: 136,182 hni-Zo-I-c-W-n t\mp-I. bq\p-kv: 25
Amlp ]d-bp-p: Amlp kam-[m-\-ns hontemWv \nsf Wn-p--Xv,
Ah Dt-in-p--hsc Ah t\cmb ]mX-bn-tev (Zm-dp--em-an-te-p hgn-bn-tev)
amK-Zi\w sNpp. Jp-B-\ns samw Bibw kzK-n-te-p Sn-m-sWv
Ckm: 29, apk-n: 19 kq--fn ]d-n-p-v. Fm \ntj-[n-I knwlK\w tIv hnc-tmSp Imp-Ig
- pXIsf-tmse AXn\nv hnc-tmSp-sav apkn:
49-51 ]d-n-p-v. A; \nbw CsXmcp Sn-m-Wv AYhm A\p-kva-c-W-amWv
Atm BcmtWm Ahs\ (A-m-lp-hn-s\) kvacn-m-\p-t-in-Xv Ahv. Fm
Amlp Dt-in-msX Ah kvacn-p-hcm-hp-I-bn-, `b-`nbpw ]m]-tam-N-\hpw
\Im Al Ah Xs-bmIpp Fv ap-kn: 5456epw ]d-n-p-v. Jp-B
\ns Bi-bw-sImv Hmtcm-cp-cpw {km-hns\ Xncn--dnv, Ah-c-hsc Xncn--dnv,
Pohn-X-eyw Xncn--dnv Ftmgpw "Amlv'F kvac-W-bn Ahs {]Xn-\n-[n-Ifmbn Pohn-p-tm am{X-amWv hnizmkn-I-fm-Ip--Xv, Amh-scmw ]nim-Nns {]Xn\n-[nbpw \c-I-n-te-p-am-Wv. _Jd: 213,257, Ben-Cw-dm: 101103, amCZ: 54 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I.
\akvIm-c-n\nv hnc-an--bp-Ss\ aqv {]mhiyw Am-lp-hn-t\mSv s]mdp-ens\ tXSn-b-Xn-\p-tijw Am-lp-th, \obmWv kam-[m-\w, \nn \nmWv kam-[m\w, \nn-te-mWv kam-[m\w aS-p--Xv, RfpsS \mYm, Rsf \o kam-[m\n
Pohn-n-t-W-ta, Rsf \o kam-[m-\-tK-l-n (kzK-n) {]th-in-n-p-Ibpw
sNt-Wt- a, R fpsS \mYm \o A\-{K-la
- pS-bh
- \pw AXyp-X
- \
- p-am-Ipp Fv {]mn-
ABw (6)
651
m \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v.

128. Ah Fm-h-tcbpw (BZyw apX Ay-\mhsc-bp apgp-h krjvSnI-tf-bpw) Hcp-anpIqp \m-fn: Hm Pnp-I-fpsS Iq-ta, \nbw a\p-jycn\np A[n-It- ]tcbpw \n ]mn-em-n-bn-cn-p-phtm, Atm
a\p-jycn \np Ah-cpsS Iqp-Imcm-bn-cp--h ]d-bpw: R-fpsS
\mYm, R ]c-kv]cw D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-n-bn-p-v, As\ AtX Ah-bn Rv \o \n-bn-n-cp n]vX-amb Ah-[n-sb-p-IbmWpm-b-Xv. Amlp ]d-bpw: icn C\n \c-Iam-Ipp \n-fpsS kt-Xw.
AXn \n Fspw hkn-p--h-cm-Ip-pAmlp Dt-in--h-scm
gnsI. \nbw \ns dv bpn--\mb k-m-\n Xs-bm-Ipp.
An-km-Av: 118 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. k_-Av: 4042 kq--fn ]c-temIv
hnNm-cW\mfn hcmt]mIp Cu cwKw Nn{Xo-I-cn-p-p-v. 40 Amlp ae-pI-tfmSv tNmZn-p-p: Cq- \np- th-n-bm-bn-cppthm Pohn-n-cp-Xv AYhm
\n-sf-bmtWm C_m-Zv sNbvXn-cp-Xv. 41 ae-p-I adp-]Sn ]d-bpw: \o ]cn-ip, Ahc \o am{XamWv R-fpsS kwc--I. Ah Pnp-I-sf-bm-bn-cpp tkhnn-cp--Xv. Ah-cn A[n-I-t]cpw B Pnp-I-sfsmv hniz-kn-p--h-cp-am-bn-cp-p.
42, Ct Znhkw \nv (Pn-p-Ipw a\p-jypw) ]c-kv]cw D]-Im-ctam D]{Z-htam Hpw sNm km[y-a, A{I-an-I-fm-b-h-tcmSv \mw ]d-bp-Ibpw sNpw: \n
Xn-d
-
p-sIm-n-cp B \c-Ii
- n Ctm cpNn-p-sImpI (liv: 16-17, kpKvdp^v:
36-38, Jm^v: 27-29 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw A{I-an-I-fp-amb t\Xm-am- \c-I-n imiz-X-cm-bn-cn-pw.
Fm Ahsc ]WvUn-Xam-scv sXn--cnv A-ambn A\p-I-cn-n-cp km[m-c-Wmsc Iptdmew \cIin Ign--tijw, kzKn-ep Ah-cpsS _p--fmb
hnizmkn-I-sfsmv ip]mi- sNn-nv, Amlp kzK-n- {]th-in-n-t-pw.
AXmWv kq-n "Amlp Dt-in-h
- s
- cm-gnsI' Fp-]d
-
X
- ns hnh-. \nbw,
\ns dv bpn-\mb k-m-\n-bm-sWv ]d--Xns hnh-, Hmtcm-cpscpdnpw, Ah kzKamtWm \cIamtWm ChnsS ]Wn-bp-I, Ah Fs\bmWv
\c-I-ns hgn-bn Ncn-m CS-bm-b-Xv, Ahsc ]ng-n--X-mcm-Wv, AtXm Ah
kzbw ]ng--Xm-tWm XpSnb FmImcy-fpw hebwsNbvX {XnIm-e-m-\n-bmWv
Fm-Wv. Atm Cu Am-lp-hns\ lrZbwsImv Iv, \mYm Rm ASn-a-bm-Wv,
\obmWv DS-a, \o Fs \jvS-s-Sp--cp-Xv Fv {]mn-p--h am{X-amWv hnPbwhcnp-I. _Jd: 27,166-167,234, Ben-Cw-dm: 136,182 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
129. A{]-Imcw Ah km-Zn-n-cp--Xns ê-ambn A{I-an-I-fmb Nnesc \mw
Nnev Iqp-Im-cm-p--Xm-Wv.
A{I-an-bmb a\p-jy\v Iqp-Im-c-\mbn B{I-anbmb Pnp-Iq-p-Im-cs\ Xs Cltem- I - s t]mse ]c- t em- I pw e`np- X m- W v . Atm Jp- B \ns
BibwsImv Pnp-Iq-p-Im-cs\ hnizm-kn-bm- a\p-jys _m[y-X-bm-Ip-p. Ah
cp-t]cpw (a-\p-jy\pw Pnp-Iq-p-Im-c-\pw) CltemIv km-Zn-n-cp--Xn\v Iqp--c-
652
JpB\ns Bmhv
hm-Zn--am-Wp--Xv. Ah \c-I-amWnhnsS km-Zn--sX-n ]c-tem-I-v AXv cpt]cpw Bkz-Zn-tnbpw h-cpw. kpKvdp-^v: 67, hn[n-Zn-hkw Jp-B\
- n-s- XWenem
AYhm XJvhbpsS ASn-m-\-n-e-m _--sfmw ]c-k-v]cw i{Xp-X-bn-em-bncn-p-sav ]d-n-p-v. 39- Amlp ]d-bpp: Jp-B Inn-bnv aqSn-sh- A{I-anI-fm-bn-cp--Xn-\m \n (a\p-jy\pw PnpIqp-Im-c-\pw) Ct-Zn\w ]c-kv]cw D]Imcw sNp--h-c, \n-bw, \n in-bn ]m-fn-I-fm-thhcpamWv. 43-44,
Amlp \_n-tbmSv ]d-bpp: \n\v Znhy-k-t-i-ambn \In-bXv apdp-sI-n-Sn-p-I,
\nbw \o t\sc-sNm-s-bp amK-n Xs-bm-Ipp. \nbw Cu JpB
\n\pw \ns P\-X-p-ap lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn-ep Hcp DW Xs-bm-Wv,
\n AXn-s\-p-dnv tNmZn--s-SpIXs sNpw. _J-d: 54,254, amCZ: 4247, ABw: 21,2627,31-33,47 t\mp-I.
130. Hm Pnp-I-fpsSbpw a\p-jy-cpsSbpw Iqta, Fs kq- \nv
hgnphgn-bmbn hni-Zo-I-cnpXcn-Ibpw, Cs\ Hcp \mfns\ Ip-ap-psav \n-tfmSv ap-dn-bnv \IpIbpw sNbvXn-cp \n-fn\np
ZqXam \n-v hn-p-m-bn-cp-nt? Ah ]d-bpw: AtX, R
Rs-Xn-cm-bnp Xs kmywhln-pp. ùXn-I-Po-hnXw Ahsc
hn-p, \nbw Ah Jp-B aqSn-sh-p Im^n-dp-I-fm-bn-cpp Fv
kzn-s\-Xnsc kmywhln-p--Xpam-Wv.
AAvdm^v: 3536 BZw km-\-sf hnfnv Amlp ]d-bpp: Fs kq hgn-p-h-gn-bmbn \nv hni-Zo-I-cn-p-X-cp \n-fn\n-p ZqXam \nfn-tev hp-I-gn-m, Atm BcmtWm kqva-X- ]men-p-Ibpw I- \mn-op-Ibpw sNp--Xv, AhcpsS-ta `b-s-Smt\m Ah-v ZpxJn-mt\m CS-hcn-I-bn-. BcmtWm \psS kq- Xn--d-bp-I-bpw AXn-t\mSv Al--cn-pIbpw sNp--Xv, Aq--cm-Ipp \c-I-hm-kn-I, Ah-c-Xn \nXy-hm-kn-I-fp-am-Ip-p.
Fpw, 37 Jp-B Inn-bnv AXns\ Xn--d-bp-I-bpw hf-sm-SnpIbpw sNp-h ac-Wk
- a
- b
- v "\nbw R Im^n-dpI Xs-bm-bn-cpp'-Fv kz-ns\Xnsc
kmywhln-p-sapw ]d-n-p-v. kpa: 59, (ac-W-k-a-bv) A; \n\v Fs
kq- hp-In-n, \o AXns\ Xn--d-p, \o AXp-sIms Al--cn-p, \o
Im^ndpI-fn s]-h Xs-bm-bn-cpp Fpw, 71, hnNm-c-Wptijw Im^n-dp-I
IqwIq-ambn \c-I-n-tev sXfn--s-Sp-Ibpw, AXns ASp-s-n-bm hmXn-epI Xpd--s-Sp-Ip-bpw, AXns ]mdm-hp-Im Ah-tcmSv tNmZn-p-Ibpw sNp-w: \nfpsS
DS- a - b n\np kq- \nv icnpw a\- n- e mnn- c p- , Cu
Zn\spdnv XmoXv \Ip-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp \n-fn\np ZqXam \nv
hn-p-m-bn-cp-n-t? -Ah adp-]Sn ]d-bpw: "AtX, Fm Im^n-dp-I-fmb R-fp-sSta inm-h-N\w _m[-I-am-bn' Fpw ]d-n-p-v. apIv: 810 kq-fn, Im^ndp-Ifn\np Hcp-Iq-s B \c-I-n-tev hen-sdn-bp-tmsgmw AXns ]mdmhp-Im tNmZn-pw: \nv ap-dn-bn-p-Im hn-p-m-bn-cp-n-t, Atm Ah
]d-bpw: AtX, \nbw Rv ap-dn-bn-p-Im hn-p-m-bn-cp-p, Fm R
Ahsc Xn-d-bp-I-bpw, Amlp Hpw Cd-n-bn-n-spw, \n hn-- h-gn-tI-Sn-emsX asm-n-ep-a-spw Ah-tcmSv ]d-bp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cpp. Ah kzbw ]d-bp-
ABw (6)
653
Ibpw sNpw: Hm R Jp-B\ns Bibw tIn-cp-p-shn As-n _pn-bp]-tbm-Knv Nnn-n-cp-psh-n R Cu In-bm-fp \c-I-ns kl-hm-kn-Ifm-Ip-am-bn-cp-n-tm.
ac-W-tm-Sp-IqSns Im^n-dp-I \c-I-n- {]th-in--sSpsapw, {kjvSmhv
amXm-]n-Xm-sf Gn av, Jp-B\ns Bibw (kzKn-te-p Sn-v)
]Tn-nm-Xn-cp-m, Pnp-I-fp-sSbpw a\p-jy-cp-sSbpw Iq-tm-sSmw apKm-an-Isf i]np-sImv Ah \c-I-n {]th-in-nsSp-sa-pw, As\ amXm-]n-Xm-fpw
afpsamw \c-I-n Hcp CSp-nb e-v Hcp-an-p-Iq-Sn-bm, a amXm-]n-Xmsf Nqnsmv: R-fpsS \mYm, Cq--cmWv Rsf hgn-]n-g-n-Xv, AXp-sImv
\c-In\np Ccnin Ahv \Inbmepw Fp]d-bp-sav AAvdm^v: 38
XmoXv sNbvXn-p-v. _Jd: 39,121,174-176,254, Ben-Cw-dm: 10,196-197, An-kmAv:
150154, amCZ: 67, ABw: 25-26,36 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I.
131. AXv; \ns \mY \mSp-I-fnse \nhm-kn-I kXyspdnv {]bhcm-bn-cn-p-tm A{I-a-]-c-ambn \in-n-p--h-\- (FImcyw Dd-n-p-Xn-\p-th-n-bmWv Ah-cn\nv Cu kmysaSp-p--Xv)
Rm Im^n-dm-bn-cpp Fp]d-bmsX Amlp Hcm-sfbpw \c-I-n-te-n-Sp-I-bn. \c-Ihpw kzK-hp-samw Hmtcm-cp-cpw km-Zn-t--Xm-Wv. kzK-n\nv
Fm-h-scbpw `qan-bn-tev \ntbm-Kn--b-p-tm, Fs lpZm \nv hp-Inpw,
Atm B lpZm hp-In-n-bm BcmtWm AXns\ ]n]-p-Xv AhcpsS-ta `bs-Sm\pw Ahv Zp:Jnm\pw CS-h-cn-I-bn-sv _Jd: 38 ]d-n-p-v (_Jd: 2
hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). _Jd: 39, BcmtWm \psS kq-sf aqSn-sh-p-I
bpw Xn--d-bp-Ibpw sNbvX-Xv, Ah \c-I-ns kl-hm-kn-I-fm-Ipp Fp]d-np-v. kpa: 32, knZvJv hp-In-n-bnv AXns\ If-hm-n Xn--d--h Ghpw
henb B{I-an-bm-sW-v ]d-bp-Ibpw Acw Im^n-dp-Iv \c-I-n ]mnSw
t]msctbm Fpw tNmZn-p-Ibpw sNppv. Jp-B (lp-Zm, lJv, Sn-v) hp-Inp-I-sb Hcp \n_-\ Cu kq--fnsemw ImWmw. Adn-hn-msX A_-amKw
kzoI-cn--Xns t]cn Rsf ]nSnIqSp-I-bmtWm Fv tNmZn-m-\pw, Rsf \o
bmYmyspdnv t_m[y-s-Sp-n-bn-, Rv icn-bmb amKw Imn-
- XpanFpw apw Am-lp-hns ASp- FXn \ymbw ]d-bp-hm-\pap, Ah-kcw ASnaIv Ah shp-sIm-Sp-n-n-. {]hm-N-Iamsc \ntbm-Kn-p-I-bpw thZw Ah-X-cnn-pIbpw sNbvXp-sImv Pnp-hK-n\pw a\p-jy-hK-n\pw Cmcyw hy-ambn
t_m[y-s-Sp-n-bn-p-v. sXmb amKw kzoI-cn-p]w Xv ITn-\amb in
Inp-sapw, AXn\pc-hmZn Amlp A, Ahch Xs-bm-bn-cn-p-sapw Hmtcmcp--scbpw ]Tn-n-n-p-v. amXm-]n-Xm-sf Ip-s-Sp-n c-sSm km[y-a-sv
AAvdm^v: 173epw (Ad-lvam: 14, Jnbma: 14-15 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I) Hcp dkq-ens\ \ntbmKn-msX Bscbpw inn-p-I-bn-sv CkvdmAv: 15epw ]d-n-p-v. A^m:
33 Amlp ]d-bpp: \o Ah-cn-ep Ime-tm-f-hpw, Ah Am-lp-hn-t\mSv s]mdp-ens\ tXSp Ime-tm-fhpw Amlp Ahsc inn-p--h-\m-hp-I-bn. {]hm-N-I\p Ime-tmfw Fp-]-d--Xv, {]hm-N-Is PohnXw kmyw-h-ln-p (_-Jd:
654
JpB\ns Bmhv
143 t\mpI) Hcp hnizm-kn-bp Ime-tm-f-sa-m-Wv. _Jd: 57,213,256, Ben-Cw-dm:

106, amCZ: 48,51, A-Bw: 47,128 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
132. Fm Hmtcmcppw Ah-cpsS {]h-\--\p-k-cn-p ]Z-hn-Ifp-v. \ns dv Ah-cpsS {]h-\-sfsmv A{i-\pa-.
A-Km-_p: 2 Amlp ]d-bpp: Ah, Am-lp-hmWv \nsf krn--Xv,
Atm \n-fn Im^n-dp-v, \n-fn hnizm-kn-bp-ap-v. Amlp \nfpsS
{]h\-sfmw honp-sIm-n-cn-p-h\m-Ip-p. kzKhpw \c-Ihpw Hmtcm-cpcpw ]Wn-tb--Xm-sW-pw, \cIw e`n-p--Xn\v Bscbpw ]gn-Nm-cn-bnpw IpsSpn-bnpw Imcy-an-sv Cu kqhpw ]Tn-n-p-p. X-fpsS \mY\v \tI m\w
\In-smv Pohn-X-eyw a\-n-emn Jp-B D]-tbm-K-s-Spn kzKw ChnsS
]Wn-bp-I-bmWv hnizm-kn-I sNp-I. Am-lp- Dd--tam ab-tam Hpw ]nSn-s]SmsX
Fm-bvtmgpw ]Xn-bn-cpv hon-p-ps-pw, A, BIm-i-`q-an-In-S-bn kw`hn-p Fm -Im-cy-fpw Hcp {K-n tcJ-s-Spnshn-p-s-pw, B {Kw
Xs-bmWv JpB-s\pw a\-n-emn AXv D]tbm-K-s-Spn Ah-chcpsS ac-W-tij-ap kov Hmtcm-cp-cpw ChnsSshpXs ImWpIbpw \n-bnpIbpw sNpXm- W v . bmko: 54 Amlp ]d- b p- p: CtZn\w Hcp \^v k n- t \mSpw
A]wt]mepw A\oXn ImWn--s-Sp-I-bn-, \n {]hn-n-cp--Xn-\-msX {]Xnêw \I-s-Sp-I-bp-an-. _Jd: 140,148,255, Ben-Cw-dm: 136, ABw: 59,91-92,104 hniZo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
133. \ns \mY XnI kzbw ]cym-]vX\
- pw Imcp-Wy-apS-bh
- \p-am-Ip-p. Ah\p-t-in-p-I-bm-sW-n \nsf \on--f-bp-I-bpw ap Nne P\-fpsS
k-Xn-I-fn\nv \nsf \p-h-fn sImp-h--Xp-t]mse, \nfpsS
m\v Ah-\p-t-inpw{]Imcw asmcp P\Xsb \p-h-fnsm
phv,\nptijw {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmbn \ntbm-Kn-p-Ibpw sNp-XmWv.
An-km-Av: 133 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. kpa: 53 Amlp \_n-tbmSv ]dbm Iev]np-p: krjvSnI-fm-sW ]cn[n ewLn-p-sImv [nm-c
- n apgpIn Pohn
Fs ASn-a-ItfmSv ]d-bp-I: Am-lp-hns Imcp-Wyn \n Bi-b--h-cm-Icp-Xv.
\nbw Amlp Fm ]m]-fpw H-b-Snv s]mdp-p--h-\m-Wv. \nbw Ah
Gsd s]mdp-p--h\pw Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[n-bp-atm. Jp-B\ns Bibw hmbn-p-I-bpw
sXp-I Xncn--dnv DS-a-sb Xncn--dnv, "Rm ASn-a-bmWv, Fn\nv Ccw
sXp-I hp-t]m-bn, \ob-msX AXv s]mdp-p--h\nXs. AXp-sImv \o F\nv
s]mdp-p-X-c-W-sav'a\-p-sImv {]mn-p-Ibpw, ]ns Jp-B-\ns Bibw ap-hv ]Tn-n-p-sImv ap--hsc DWn Am-lp-hns\pdn-pw Pohn-X-eyspdnpw t_m[-ap--hcm-pIhgn sXn\nv AIv Pohn-m t{]cn-npIbpw sN-em-Wv ]m]- s]mdp-p-In-m-\p amKw. Atm- JpB-\ns Bibw
Adnbm-Xv Im-cWw hp-t]mb sXp-Ip-- (A-n-km-Av: 17-18 t\mpI) Amlp
\-I-fmn ]cn-hn-n-p--Xm-Wv (An-km-Av: 85 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI). JpB-\mWv sFiz-cyw, AXn-\p-tijw Zmcn{Zyan-, AXn-msX sFiz-cy-hp-an-sv \_n
ABw (6)
655
(k) ]Tn-n-n-cn-p-p. kpKvdp-^v: 32-, \ns \mY-\n\np Imcp-Wy-amWv Ah

Hcp-an-p-Iq-p GsXm-n-t\-mfpw D-a-sav ]d-n-p-v. ChnsS ImcpWyw sImpt-in-p-Xv kpKvdp-^v: 30 ]d lJpw, 31- ]d Jp-B-\p-am-Wv (kpa: 53-55,
^pJm: 68-70 Iqn-hmbnp-I). _Jd: 105, Ben-Cw-dm: 101103, An-km-Av: 113,
ABw: 57,89,98 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
134. \nbw \n-tfmSv hmKvZw sN-s-p-sIm-n-cn-p-s
- Xtm AXphcnI
Xs sNpw. \n Am- l p- h ns\ ]cm- P - b - s - S pphm Ignhphscmpa Xs.
\nv Am-lp-hns ]nSp-n\nv c-s-Smt\m, \nv Am-lphns\ HXpnf-bmt\m, Am-lp-hn\nv adp\nmt\m, Am-lphns\ _elo-\-\m-mt\m km[n-p-I-bn Fm-Wv "\n Am-lp-hns\ ]cm-P-b-s-Sp-m
t]mIp-n-' Fp]d--Xns hnh-. Ah-c-h ]Wn-XXv kzK-am-sW-n AXpInpw AX \c-I-am-sW-n AXmIpw -In-pI F-XmWv "hmKvZ-w'. CXv \ns
ssII \n\-p-thn Hcp-n-sh--Xm-sWv ]d-p-sIm-mWv \ntj-[n-Isf \c-In-tev sImp-t]m-Ip--Xv (kPZ: 20, apIv: 27 t\mp-I). Ben-Cw-dm: 5,30,136,182
135. \_ntb ]d-bp-I, Hm Fs P\tf, \n \n-fpsS m\v {]hnpsIm-n-cn-pI, Rm Fs m\pw {]hn-psIm-n-cn-mw.
Atm BmWv \ ]cyh-km-\`h\sav ASp `mhn-bn \n
Adn-bp-IXs sNpw. \nbw A{I-an-I Hcn-epw hnP-bwhcnpIbn Xs.
\_n-tbmSpw hnizm-kn-I-tfmSpw ]d-bm Iev]npI-bm-Wv: \n Fs Fshgnv Pohn-m hnSpI, \n \nfpsS hgnpw Pohn-p-sIm-p-I. \n BmWv
Cl-nepw ]c-nepw hnPbw e`n-p-I-sbv Imn-cpp ImWmw. GX-h--bnepw
A{I-an-I Hcn-epw hnPbwhcn-p-I-bn Xs. kpa: 39-40 kq--fn, \_n
(k)-tbmSv ]d-bm Iev]np-p: "Hm Fs P\-ta, \n \n-fpsS m\v {]hn
p-I, Rm Fs m\v {]hn-mw. ASppXs \n Adn-bpw, BmWv
\ny-ambXpw mbn-bmbXpamb inhcp-Xv' Fv. kqd: Im^n-dq Ah-km\ kqn, \_n-tbmSpw hnizm-kn-I-tfmSpw \nv \n-fpsS PohnXw (Zo) F\nv
Fs PohnXw (Zo) Fv {]Jym]n-m ]dXns Bi-bhpw CXpXs-bm-Wv
(^pJm: 63 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Jkz-kv: 55, Amlp \_n-tbmSp ]d-bp-p: JpB\ns
Bi-b-n\nv XS-bp hn[-n-ep Ifnbpw Xam-ibpw -tI-m \o AXns\ AhK-Wn-p-Ibpw Ah-tcmSv ]d-bp-Ibpw sNpI: Rv R-fpsS {]h-\-,
\nv \n-fpsS {]h-\--fpw (\nv t]mImw) R Ahn-th-In-I-fpsS
amKw At\z-jn-p--h-c- (bq\p-kv: 41, Xu_: 105, lqZv: 93, 121, ^pn-e-v: 40, kPZ:
29-30 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
Aw-kv: 15mw kqw Ah-km-\n-p--Xv, B H-Is Adp-m-ep ]cn-WnXn
Ah `b-s-n F BibtmSpIqSn-bm-Wv. Cv apkven Amlphns Ghpw
656
JpB\ns Bmhv
henb Znhym-p-X-amb Jp-B-\ns\ aqSn-sh-pIhgn, AXns ]cn-Wn-Xn-sb-p-dnv `ban-m-- Hcp-sI P\-X-bmbn amdn-bn-cn-ppshv ImWmw. AXp-sImv A-Avdm^v:
176, Ahsc D]-{Z-hn-mepw Cs-nepw amwhcm \mb-tbm-Spw, PpapA: 5, `mc-sa-dn-bmsX `mcwhln-p Igp-X-tbmSpw PqX-tcmSpw D]-an-n-cn-p-p. Ccw A{Ian-Ifmb Hcp P\-Xsb Amlp kamK-n-tev \bn-p-I-bn Fp-]-d-p-sImmWv kqw Ah-km-\n-p--Xv. hnizm-kn-I ChnsS kzKw ]Wn-bp--h-cpw Fm
A{I-an-I-fmb [nm-cn-I \cIw ]Wn-bp--h-cp-am-Wv. A{Ian-IfpsS aSw Ah ]WnX
\c-I
- n-te-mWv. hnizm-kn-Iv Jp-B tcmK-ia
- \
- h
- pw, Imcp-Wy-hp-am-sW-pw, A{IanIXv \-a-msX hn-n-p-I-bn-spw Ckvdm-Av: 82- ]d-n-p-v. _Jd:
254, An-km-Av: 140, amCZ: 51, A-Bw: 11-12,21,2526,47,81-82 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I
136. Ah Am-lp-hn\v AhXs DXv]m-Znn Irjn-bn\npw Ip-Imen-I-fn\npw Hcp hnlnXw \n-bn-p-sIm-Sp-n-cn-p-p. As\ Ah
kzbw P]nv ]d-bp-Ibpw sNp-p: CXv Amlp-hn\p--XmWv, CXv
R-fpsS ]m-fn-Ip--XpamWv. Fm Ah-cpsS ]m-fn-Ip-sXmpw Am-lp-hn-tep tNcp-n-, ]t, Am-lp-hn-\p-tXm ]mfn-I-fn-tev tNcp-Ibpw sNp-pF{X-am{Xw Zpjn Xocp-am-\-am-W-h-
ssIsm-p--Xv.
BIm-i-`q-an-I-fpsS {kmhv Bcm-sWv tNmZn-m am apivcnp-I Am-lphmWv Fv adp-]Sn ]d-n-cp-p. hnpI apf-n-p--Xpw, Ip-Im-en-Isf Ahv
CWn-sm-Sp-Xpw Am-lp-hm-sWv Ah k-Xn-n-cp-p. Fm Ah Amlp-hns ]m-fn-I-fpw ip]mimcpw CS-bm-famcpambn ae-p-I, Pnp-I, almm- XpS-n krn-I-fn\n-p--hsc ]cn-KWnn-cpp. Atm Ah-cpsS
BiohmZw e`n-p--Xn-\pw, Kpcp-XztSv hcm-Xn-cn-m-\pw-thn Irjnbn\npw
IpImenIfn\npw Htcm-lcn Am-lphn\p ]pdsa Ahpw \on-sh-n-cp-p.
Xv Cu hn`-h- \InbXn-\p \n-{]-I-S-\-am-bnmWv Amlphn-\p Hmlcn. ]m-fn-I-fpsS Zbm-Zm-n-Wy- \ne-\nmthn Ahp t\m-h-gn-]mSp-I-fmbn-sm-mWv cm-as Hml-cn- (_Jd: 165 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I, kpa: 23
Iqnhm-bn-p-I). Fm amapivcnp-If
- psS Ccw hnizmk BNm-c
- s
- f-mw sImp\-S-p-Xn Cv kaq-l-n ap]-n-bn-ep-Xv JpB Igp-X-Isftmse hlnp apkvenw P\-X-bm-sWv ImWmw (^pJm: 18,30 t\mp-I).
Ah-cpsS ]m-fn-Ip--sXmpw Am-lp-hn-tev tNcp-n-, ]t, Am-lphn-\p-tXm ]m-fn-I-fn-tev tNcp-Ibpw sNp-p F-Xns hnh-, cv Hml-cnIp-an-S-bn-ep hr--fn\nv Imbv-\n-I Am-lp-hns Hml-cn-bn-tev hogpI-bm-sW-n AsX-Spv ]m-fn-I-fpsS Hml-cn-bn-tev tNp--Xpw, adnv ]m-fn-IfpsS Hml-cn-bn-te-mWv hogp--sX-n Amlp sFiz-cy-hm-\m-Wtm Fv IcpXn
AXv AhnsS-s \ne-\np--Xp-am-Wv. Irjn \\-m-\p shw Ipd-hm-sWn ]m-fn-IfpsS Kpcp-Xz-tSv `b-spsImv Ah-cpsS e-n-\m-bn-cnpw apKW\
\IpI (ABw: 80-82 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Ah-cpsS kz`mhw bmko: 47 hc-p-ImWn-p-Xv t\mpI: Amlp \In-bX
- n\nv sNe-hg
- n-p-I- Fp]d-bs-m \ntj-
ABw (6)
657
[n-I hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv tNmZn-pw: Amlp Xon-tm-m-\p-t-in-m--hsc R Xont]m-pItbm, \n hy-amb hgn-tI-Sn Xs-bm-Ipp. _Jd: 66,276, amCZ: 64
t\mp-I.
Cs apkven CtX-t]m-ep ]e hnizmkmNm-cfpw sImp-\-S-pXmbn ImWmw. a-bnse akvPn-Zp ldw, aZo-\-bnse akvPnZp_-hn, ê-o\nse ss_p apJ--kv Fo aqv ]n-I am{X-amWv kin-m ]pWyw InpI
Fv \_n (k) ]Tnnnp-v. AhnSfn XomS\w sNmsX A-Pvao, \mKq,
app-t]-, Ghm-Sn, òam ]n, ]p]-n, ap-dw XpS-nb Pmd--fpw ]n-I-fpw
kin-m ]pWy-ap-sv hniz-kn-p-Ibpw kin-p-I-bpw, ap--hsc AXn\v
t{]cn-n-p-Ibpw sNp Cs apkvensfmw Am-lp-hns A[nImcm-h-Im-i-fn ]p-tNp apivcnp-I Xs-bm-Ip-p (Ben-Cw-dm: 31-32, An-km-Av:
80 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). Ah-cn Nne lv \n-ln-v h-ti-jhpw Ccw
e- kin-p--h-cp-v. A\m-Y-I-sfbpw AKXn-I-sfbpw, _n-I-sfbpw DuW-sa Am-lp-hns Iev]\v \Ip--Xn-tesd {]m[m\yw Aq \Ip-Xv
krn-I-fmb alm-m--fpsS t]cn sImp-\-S-p t\-h-gn-]m-Sp-Im-Wv. ]qnI-Im-ev \ne-hn-en-m ]e-t\-Ifpw Cv IqSp-X hmin-tbmsS sImp-\-S-pIbpamWv Ah sNp-Xv. Atm hnizm-kn-I CsXmw Pmln-en-v inbmbn Xncnphcp-sav \_n (k) ]TnnXns `mK-am-sWv a\-n-em-n, Jp-B\ns\
apdp-sI-n-Snv \ne-sImt--Xm-Wv. Ah GsXmcp Imcyn\pw Jp-B-\ns Bi-bn-te-mWv Xncn-tb-Xv. ^mnl: 3, _Jd: 173-174, An-km-Av: 60-64, amCZ: 40,50,
103, A-Bw: 21-25, 31-33, 94,104 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
137. A{]-Imcw Xs Am-lp-hns A[n-Im-c-mh-Im-i--fn ]p-tNp
A[n-It]pw, X-fpsS k-m-\-sf h[n-pXv Ah-cpsS ]m-fnI
Ae-mcamnsmSp-n-cn-p-p. Ahsc Zo\n\nv Xncn-p-hn-Sp-X
- n\pw
Ah-cpsS Zo Ahv Ahy--am-t--Xn-\p-amIpp AXv. Amlp
Dtin-n-cp-psh-n Ah An[w {]hnp-am-bn-cp-n-. Atm
Ah-scbpw Ah sIn--a-p-m-p- P-\--sfbpw \o shSn-bp-I.
ABw: 107-108 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. Cu kq-n, km-\-sf h[n-pXv
Ae-m-c-amnsmSp ]m-fn-I Fp-]-d-Xv Pnp-ssi-mamscbpw a\p-jyssi-mam-scbp-am-Wv (ABw: 112 t\mpI). aqv Xc-n-ep km-\-lXy am
apivcnp-I-fpsS CS-bn \S-n-cp-p. 1. s]Ip-n-Isf sImp-I: Iqp--h Imcym-cs
- \ Pmln-nm \oXnsImpw s]Ip-n-Isf Nmcn{Xyw kqnpsImv hfnsm-p-hc
- m-\p _pn-ap-p-sImpw sshhm-lnI Pohn-X
- n kv{XoI-tfm-Sp A\oXn
apn Ip-sIm-p-sa-m-am-bn-cpp am apivcnp-I s]Ip-n-Isf Poh-t\msS Ipgnp-aq-Sn-bn-cp-Xv. Alv: 5859 ]d-bp-p: Ah-cn-sem-cmsmcp s]Ip-n-bp-mbn-psv ktm-j-hm-b-dn-bn-sm Ahs apJw Idpv Icn-hm-fnpI-bpw,
AXv P\-sf Adn-bn-tnhcp-sav Icp-Xn- Ah Zp:Jw ISn-p-]n-Sn-psImv P\-fn\nv AIv hgnamdn \S-p-Ibpw, \nyX kln-p-sImv B km-\s Pohnm
A\p-h-Zn-t-Wtam AtXm Poh-t\m-Sp-IqSn Ipgn-p-aq-S-W-tam-sb Nn-bn BSn-bp-ev
658
JpB\ns Bmhv
\S-p-I-bpamWv sNbvXn-cp-Xv. F{X-tam-i-s Xocp-am-\-am-W-h ssIsm-p--Xv.

Fm Cv, Ckvem-an-en-m kv{Xo[-\hpw A[n-I-cn B`-c-Wfpw \In hnhmlw
sNbvX-bm-\p {]bmkw apn Ip-sIm-v s]Ip-n-bp-m-bm Zp:Jnp-Xpw,
km[n-psa-n K`mh--bnXs Ipnsb sImm {ian-pXpw km[m-c-W-bmbn-cn-p-p. Cu kqsfmw ]mcm-bWw sNp-- apkven-fpsS CS-bn-emWv Ccw
Xn-I Ghpw IqSp-Xe
- p-s
- Xv ImWmw. 2. Zmcn{Zyw `b-p-sImv Ipn-Isf sImpI:
]cn-an-X-amb `-W--]mnS kuI-cy- ImcWw Ipn-Isf Xon-tm-m\p {]bmkw
IW-n-se-Sppw, BIpn-I hfphv Xs Iogn-ep kv{XoIfpambn AhnlnX _-n Gs-Sp-sav `b-s-p-sImpw Ah Ipn-Isf h[n-n-cp-p. CkvdmAv:
31 Amlp Iev]n-p-p: Zmcn{Zyw `b-s-p-sImv \n \n-fpsS km-\-sf
sIm-cpXv. \mamWv Ah-scbpw \n-sfbpw Xon-tm-p--Xv. \nbw Ahsc h[n-pXv hn A]-cm[w Xs-bm-Ipp. 3. _en-bmbn k-m-\-sf sImp-I:Am-lphn-s\-q-Sm-sX- Ah P]np-sh-n-cp ]m-fn-Isf {]oXnsSpp--Xn\pw, Ah-cpsS
im]-tIm-]--fn\nv c-s-Sp--Xn-\pw, \n[n-t]m-ep A\p-{K-l- e`n-p--Xn\pw
thnbm-bn-cpp CXv.
_Jd: 187,223, An-km-Av: 118 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. Cu kq--fn ]cm-ain
Bi-b
- n\v hncp-a
- mbn km-\
- sf h[n-p-Xv ]nim-Nn\v hnt[-ba
- m-Ie
- m-Wv. CXmWv
"Ahsc Zo\n\nv Xncn-p-hn-SpXn\v' FXns hnh-. Ckveman asf
sXscsSpm-\p A[n-Im-ctam Ah-Im-itam Hcmpw Csn-cns Ahsc
h[n-p-Xv ss]im-Nn-I-hpw, arK-s-tmepw \mWn-n-p--Xp-am-Wv. Pnp-I-sfbpw
a\p-jy-scbpw Am-lp-hn\v C_m-Zv sNmth-n-b-msX krn-n-n Fp-]-dn-cns AXn\v Ah-kcw \ImsX Ccw sIme-]m-X-hgn `qan-sb-s
\in-n-p-I-bmWv Ah sNp--Xv. hnizm-kn-I ]nX-e-ap-d-Iv imnbpw kam[m-\hpw \Ip CkvemanI kwkvIm-c-amWv hnt-p-t]m-hp-I. Ah acn-p--tXmsS
bYm PohnXw Bcw-`n-p-I-bm-Wv. Ah-cpsS ]nKm-an-I-fmb a Jp-B-\ns
Bi-b-n-ep PohnXw ChnsS \bn-p-I-hgn AXns Hcp-]v acn-p-t]m-b-hv Innsm-n-cn-pw. AXmWv \_n (k) ]Tn-n--Xns s]mcp: acn-p--tXmsS Hcm-fpsS
aqv Imcy--sfm-gn-sI-bpsXmw apdn-p-t]m-Ip--Xm-Wv. D]-Im-c-{]-Z-amb Adnhv,
\ne-\np Zm\[w, Ah-\p-thn {]mn-p k-\--fns] km\w
Fn-h-bmWh. _-Jd: 49, amCZ: 32-33 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Ah-cpsS Zo Ahv Ahy--am-Ip--Xn\pthn Fp-]-d--Xns hnh-,
C_vdm-lo-an-sbpw Ckvam-Cu-en-sbpw A\p-bm-bn-If
- mWv X-sfv Pmln-enm Imes
Ad-_n-I Ah-Im-i-s-n-cp-p. Ah Ah-ew-_n Pohn-X-Ncy B {]hm-N-Iam-cpsS
Pohn-X-N-cybm-sW-pw, Am-lp-hn-\n-jvS-s Zo\m-WnsXpw Ah Duw-sImncpp.
Cu {]hm-N-Iam-cpsS Zo\n\nv Ah hyXn-N-en-p-I-bpw Ah-cpsS Ncy-bn s]Sm
]e BNm-c-fpw ]pXp-Xmbn IS-n-qn BN-cn-p-Ibpw, {]hm-N-IamcpsS BNm-c ]n]-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNbvXpsImv bYm Zo\ns\ Ah hnI-e-am-n. GI
ssZhm-cm-[\
-
- p-thn \nn IA_bn- {]hm-NI
- am-cp-tS-XS- w apq-n-bd
- p-]t- Xmfw
_nw_ \mp-I-bpapmbn. amapivcnp-I-fp-sSbpw thZ-hm-l-I-cmb PqX ss{IkvXh-cp-sSbpsamw BNm-c-m\p-jvTm-\- Cv Ghpw IqSp-X Ip-h-cp-Xv apkven-
ABw (6)
659
fn-em-Wv. Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n\nv t]mb-XmWv AXn\v Imc-Ww. ap -P-\-fpsS

IqSn ]m]-`mcw hln-p-sImv \c-I-n t]mhm [rXn-Im-Wn-p- hn[-n JpB-\n\npw Ah AI-p-t]m-bn-cn-p-p (A-Bw: 26 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I).
Amlp Dt-in-n-cp-s-n Ah-c-s\ {]hn-p-am-bn-cp-n-sv ]d--Xns
hnh-, Fm-hpw kamKhpw ZpamKhpw sImSp-n-pv Fpw, Hcp P\-Xbpw
kzbw amdmsX Amlp Ahsc amp-I-bn (d-AvZv: 11, A^m: 53) Fpam-Wv. (_Jd:
21-24,28,256-257 Iqn-hmbn-p-I). AAvdm^v: 180, Am-lp-hns \mans Imcyn Xn-p--hsc \o shSn-bp-I- Fp]d-n-p-v. F-Xp-t]mse Am-lphn\nv ]nn-cn-h-scbpw ]nim-Nns t_m[\w kzoI-cnv X-fpsS CjvSm-\n-jvS-\p-k-cn-p BNm-cm-\p-jvTm-\- \nnp-h-sc-bpw, Ahsc ]n]-p--hscbpw shSn-bp-I. AYhm I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fmb a\p-jynim-Np-sfbpw Ahsc ]n]p ^mPn-dp-I-sfbpw shSnbp-I, Ah-tcmSv Cu Jp-BsImv A[n-I-cn PnlmZv \Sp-I (^mnl: 7, Xu_: 73, ^pJm: 52 t\mp-I). ABw: 88-90,107-111 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I.
138. Ah ]d-bp-Ibpw sNp-p: Cu IpImen-Ifpw hnf-Ifpw kpc-n-X-fm-Ip-p. Ah kzbw P]npIbpw sNpp: \mw Xop-hm Dt-inp--hscmgnsI AXv `n-pIbn-. thsd Nne Imen-Iv khmcnbpw `mcw Npa-epw \ntcm-[n--s-n-cn-p-p. Nne -Im-enI-fn Ah
Am-lp-hns \maw kvacn-pIbn-. CsXm-sbpw Am-lp-hns
t]cneh Iw Na--Xm-Ip-p. Ah-cpsS Cu hymP P]\-fpsS {]Xnêw ASppXs Amlp Ahv \Ip-Xm-Wv.
Cu IpImen-Ifpw hnf-Ifpw kpc-n-X--fm-Ip-p Fp-]-d--Xns hnh,
am apivcnpI P]nncp Ah-cpsS ]m-fn-Iv hgn-]m-Smbpw t\-bmbpw
\on-sh-n-cp- `W km[-\-fpw Ip-Im-en-Ifpw hn\n-tbm-Kn-p--Xn\v Nne D]m[n-I-fp-m-n-bn-cp-p. Ah Fm-hpw Xnm ]mSp-m-bn-cp-n-. Nne {]tXy-Imv am{Xta AXv D]-tbm-Kn-m A\p-hm-Z-apmbn-cpp-q. Cu [nm-cn-I
kzbw sIn--a \nb-a- am{X-am-Wv CsX-mw. Cv apkvenfn \np Nne
Nmgn-tcmKhpw apw hcm-Xn-cn-p--Xn\pthn Hmam-\q t\-s-n-bn-tev ]--dn-Ifpw apw t\-t\-cp-Xv kam\amb BNm-c--fn s]-Xm-Wv. Am-lp-hns t]cn-emsX \on-sh `-W-km-[-\--sfmw Xs Im]-Sy-ap-f-hm-p--Xpw, amen-\y-hp-amsWv amCZ: 3- ]d-n-p-v (A-Bw: 119-121 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I).
thsd Nne arK-v khm-cn-bpw `mcw Npa-epw \ntcm-[n--s-n-cn-p-p FXns hnh-, lv \mfp-I-fn _en-bn-m-\p-t-in-p arK--fp-sS-ta khmcn
sNp--Xpw `mcw hln-n-p--Xpw Ah \njn--ambn KWn--ncpXp-t]mse Xs
amCZ: 103- ]d _lo-d, kmC-_, hkzo-e, lmw XpS-nb C\--fn \on-sh
arK--fnepw khmcn sNp--Xpw Ah-sb-smv `mcw hln-n-p-Xpw \njn--ambn
IW-m-n-bn-cp-p. Fm Ccw Zpcm-Nm-c--sfmw Jp-B kq--fn-eqsS
Amlp Xncp-p-I-bp-m-bn. lv: 33- _en-ar-K--sf-p-dnv Amlp ]d-bpp:
\nv Ah-bn hy-amb Ah-[n-hsc D]-tbm-K--fp-v, ]ns Ah-bpsS m\w
660
JpB\ns Bmhv
AXn]pcm-X-\-amb tKl(IA-_)-n-te-m-Ip-p (_Jd: 194 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I).

AXp-t]mse Nne Ip-Im-en-I-fpsS ]pdv khmcn sNp-tm-gpw, Ah-bpsS ]m Idptm-gpw Adpptmgpw- `nptm-gp-sampw Ah Am-lp-hns \maw kvacn-n-cpn-. CXn-t\m-S-\p-_-n-mWv A-Bw: 118-, \n hnizm-kn-I-fm-sW-n Amlp-hns \maw kvacn--s-Xn\nv `n--W-sa-pw, 119-, \njn-am-n-bXv
\nv hni-Zo-I-cnp Xn-p-s-n-cns Am-lp-hns \maw kvacn--s--Xn\nv
\n Fp-sImv `n-p-n- Fpw, 121-, Am-lp-hns \maw kvacn--s-SmXv \n- `n--cp-Xv Fpap kq- Ah-X-cn-n--Xv. _Jd: 208, An-kmAv: 136 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I.
Ccw Zpcm-Nm-c--sfmpw Am-lp-hns \nb-a--f, Fn-cp-mepw Am-lphn-t-Xm-sW [mc-W-bmWv Ahp-m-bn-cp--Xv. AXn\v Ah-cpsS hiw bmsXmcp
{]am-W-hp-ap-m-bn-cp-n-. ]q-]n-Xm- apXXs As\ \S-n-cpp FhmZw
am{Xta Dm-bn-cp-p-q. Cs apkvenpw Ckveman-en-m Ccw Zpcm-Nmc-v sXfn-hm-bn Jp-B-\n-ep Hcp kqw t]mbnv Hcp]Zw t]mepw D-cn-m-\n. Ahpw ]d-bm-\p-Xv ]q-]n-Xm--fpsS Ncy R ASn-apSn ]n]-p-I-bm-sWm-Wv. kpKvdp-^v: 21- Amlp tNmZn-pp: AtXm Ah CXn\papv \mw \In-bnp Hcp-{Kw apdp-sI-n-Sn-p--h-cmtWm? 22-, A, Ah ]d-bpp: \nbw R
R-fpsS ]nXm-amsc Hcp Ncy-bn Ip, Ah-cpsS Im]m-Sp-I R ASn-sXmsX ]np-S-cp-Ibm-Wv, 23-, A{]-Imcw \n\papv Hcp\mn-tepw Hcp ap-dn-bn-pIm-cs\ Ab-n-n-A-Xnse kpJ-tem-ep-]am Cs\ ]d-n--msX: \nbw
R R-fpsS ]nXm-sf Hcp Ncy-bn Ip, \n-bw- R- Ah-cpsS Ncy
]n]-p ]nKm-an-If
- m-Ip-p. 24-, {]hm-NI
- am tNmZnp: \n-fpsS ]nXm-amcn
\n Is-nb-Xn-t\-mfpw kamKw R sImp-h-mepw \n AhcpsS
amKw Xs-bmtWm ]n]-pI? P\X adp-]Sn \In: \n-bw R, \n Fpw
sIm-mtWm Ab--s--Xv, AXns\ \ntj-[n-p--h Xs-bm-Wv. 25-, Atm
\mw Ah-tcmSv {]Xn-Imcw sNbvXp. Atm kXys Xn--d--h-cpsS ]cy-h-km\w
F-s\-bm-bn-cp-p Fv t\mn-m-Wp-I. _Jd: 170171, An-km-Av: 150-151,174-175,
amCZ: 104, ABw: 122124 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
139. Ah ]d-bpIbpw sNpp: Cu Imen-I-fpsS hb-n-ep-Xv R-fn
\np ]pcp-jamv {]tXy-I-am-Ip-p, R-fpsS CW-Iv (kv{XoIv) AXv \njn--hp-am-Ip-p. ]t AXv ih-am-hp-I-bm-sW-n Xnp-Xn Ccp-Iq-cpw ]m-fn-I-fm-hpXp-am-Wv. Ah-cpsS Cu P]\v
Ah {]Xn-êw \IpIXs sNpw. \nbw Ah bpn--\mb
k-m-\n Xsb-tm.
t\-ar-K--fpsS hb-n hf-cp Ipn-I-fpsS amwkw Ah-cn-ep ]pcp-jamv
am{Xta `n-m ]mSp-m-bn-cp-p-q. Fm B Ipn K`-]m-{X-nshv Poh
t]mhp-I-bm-sW-n BWn\pw s]n\pw AXns amwkw `n-m-am-bn-cp-p. AYhm
\ km[-\--fm-sW-n ]pcp-jampw tami-s--Xm-sW-n kv{XoIp-sa-coXn-bm-bn-cpp Ah Ah-ew-_n-n-cp--Xv. Ccw A\m-Nm-c--fpw A-hn-izm-k--
ABw (6)
661
fp-whgn ]nim-Nns\ A\p-kc

- n-X
- n\v Amlp X-Xmb {]Xn-êw \Ip-sa-mWv kqw
ap-dn-bnv \Ip--Xv. Cv ]pcp-jam `Ww Ign--Xn-\p-tijw AhcpsS Ah-in-fn\nv am{Xta kv{XoIv `Ww Ign-mhq F Aen-JnX k{-Zmbw
Ccw Zpcm-Nm-c-v kam-\-amb DZm-l-c-W-am-Wv. Aq: 61-, hnizm-kn-Ifmb
]pcp-jampw kv{XoIpw Hn-n-cpv Hcp-an-tm As-n Htc ]m{X-n\nv
Ah-c-hv Bhiyap{X `-W-sa-Spv H-sm--m-bntm `Ww Ign-m-sa
Amlphns Iev]\sbmpw Ah ]cn-K-Wn-p-n-. amCZ: 50, A-Bw: 55 hni-ZoI-cWw t\mpI.
140. \nbw Adn-hn-m-sX hnUvVn-I-fmbnsmv X-fpsS km-\-sf h[np-I-bpw, Amlp Xt-Inb hn`-h- Ah-s-ta Iw-sI-n-a-p-sImv \njn--am-p-Ibpw sNbvX-h \-n-e-I-s-n-cn-p-p, Xobmbpw Ah hgn-]n-g-p-I-gn-n-cn-p-p. Ah Hcn-epw kamKw
{]m]n-p--h-cm-bXpan-.
ABw: 31 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. Hcmsf sImm AXv samw kap-Zm-bs sImp-Xn\v Xpey-am-sWv amCZ: 32- ]Tn-n-n-cns As-n ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-Is C-Zmkam Hcp \^vkn-s\bpw \ymbw-Iq-SmsX h[n-p-I-bn Fv ]Tn-n-n-cns kz w
km-\sf sImpXv henb A]-cm-[-am-Wv. Amlp \njn--am-n-bnp Blmc-h-kvXp- GsX-m-am-sWv hnh-cn-p-X-n-cns (_-Jd: 173, amCZ: 3 t\mp-I)
Xt-Inb hn`-h- Ah-s-ta Iw-sI-n--a-p-sImv \njn--am-p-Xpw
henb A]-cm[w Xs-bmWv. ss]im-Nn-I-amb Ccw hrn-I GXv ]q-]n-Xm ]Tn-n--Xm-sW-nepw ]n]p-h, ]nim-Nns amK-nepw \c-I-n-te-p-h-cp-am-Wv. Ah-c-h-cpsS ZpamK-n\v ]nim-Nn-s\--sbpw Ipw-]-dv c-s-Sm
km[y-as
- v C_vdmlow: 22- ]nimNv Xs ap-dn-bnv \In-bn-p-s-n-cns ImIm-c-Wh-amsctbm alm-m--sftbm ]gn-Nmcn c-s-Sm km[n-p-I-bn. Cs
apkven, Jp-B\ns shfn--n-e-msXbp BNm-cm-\p-jvTm-\- ]np-S-cpIhgn
temIss Ccp-n-te-pw \mi-n-te-p-amWv \bn-p--sXv Cu kqw apdn-bnv \Ip-p. Jp-B e`n-m `qcn-] P\-X, Ch-cpsS Cu PohnXssien
ImcWw Ckvem-ans\s shdp-p-p-s-n AXn-\p in-IqSn Ch hln
tnhcpw. ^mnl: 7, Ben-Cw-dm: 86-91, An-km-Av: 116,167, A-Bw: 26,133 hniZo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
141. Ah Xs-bmWv ]-en hf-s-Sp--Xpw Am--Xp-amb ]e-Xcw
tXm- \p-h-fp-Xv, Cu--\-tm-fpw, hyXy-kvX-amb cpNntbm-Sp-Iq-Snb `-W-hn-`-hfS-nb Irjn-Ifpw D]mZn-n-p-Xv Ah
X-s-bm-Wv. cq]-n kmZr-iy-ap-Xpw cpNn-bn hyXym-k-ap--Xp-amb
ê--fp-m-Ip Heo-hn-sbpw Ddp-am ]g-n-sbpw tXm-fpm-nbXpw Ah Xs. Ah Imbvp ]mI-am-Ip-tm Ahs ê-
\n Xnp-sIm-p-hn, Ah-bpsS hnf-sh-Spv \mfn Ahs AhImiw
\n sImSp-p-Ibpw sNp-hn. \n AXn-cp-I-hn-bm-Xn-cn-p-hn,
\nbw AXn-cp-I-hn-bp--hsc Amlp C-s-Sp-n-.
662
JpB\ns Bmhv
Ah-cpsS ssII DXv]m-Znnn-nm, Ah DXv]m-Zn-nnp ê--fn\nv

Ahsc `n-np-p, Fnpw B Am-lp-hns\ GI-\mbn AwKo-I-cn-p-Ibpw \n{]I-Sn-n-p-Ibpw sNp-nt Fv bmko: 35- tNmZn-p-p. Ah-ch
- c
- psS Ic-sImv
DXv]m-Zn-n-m ê-hK- Am-lp-hmWv Ahsc Xop--Xv. ]-ep-I-fnepw apw
]S-s-Sp apncn, ssI, ]b, Ipfw, ]S-hew apX-embhbpw, Xp-Ifpw X-SnI-fp-ambn hf-cp ac-fpw sNSn-I-fp-a-S-nb tXm-fpw, tKmX-v, s\v, tNmfw XpSnbh hf-cp hb-ep-Ifpw \p-h-fpXv Amlp Xs-bm-Wv (A-Bw: 99 hniZo-I-cWw t\m-p-I). a\p-jy-cp-tS-X-Sw Fm-n-sbpw DSa Am-lp-hm-Wv. AXp-sImmWv Cu tXm--fn hf-cp ê- ]mI-am-Ip-tm "Ahs ê-' \n
Xnp-I-bpw, Ahs Ah-Imiw AYhm Zcn-{Z--cpsS Ah-Im-i-w AXv ]dn-s-Sp-ptm
(sImbvsX-Sp-ptm) Xs \Ip-Ibpw sNpIsbv ]d--Xv. Atm IrjnsNbvXp-m-p Fm [m\y-pw êpw kIm-v (\n_--Zm-\w) Dsv
Cu kqw ]Tn-n-p-p. AXv \tI-Xv B ê- ]dn-s-Sp-p \mfn Xsbm-Wv. AXv shw tXhn -\-\-pm-nb-Xm-sW-n Ccp-]-Xn-sempw Asn
]nsempamWv sImSp-t-Xv.
\n AXn-cpI-hn-b-cp-sXv ]d-Xv, {km-hns\ ad-p-sImv Ahs hn[nhn-e-p-Iv hncp--ambn {]hn--cp-Xv F-m-Wv. Ftmgpw Am-lp-hns hoW-n-epw, \nb-{-W-n-ep-am-sW t_m[apm-bn-cn--Ww. Am-lp-hns\ ad-m
Ah Ah-sc--s-bmWv ad--Xv, Aq- Xs-bmWv [nm-cn-I-fmb sXm-Sn-Isfv liv: 19 ]d-n-p-v. Jew: 17-32, hnfhv \in-n--s Hcp tXmspdnv
]cm-ain-p-p-v. Ah bmsXmcp Hgn--I-gnhpw ]d-bmsX (Amlp Dt-in-m Fp]dbm-sX) \psS hnf Irjn \mw ASp {]`m-X-n sImbvsX-Sp-pIXs sNpsav BW-bnv ]d-p. Fm Av cm{Xn Ah Dd-n- e
- m-bt- m X-fpsS \mY\n
\np Hcp hn`mKw (a-e
- p-I) B tXms sImbvsX-Sp-t]mse \in-n-p. cmhnse
Ah Irjn e-tv hnfhp sImbvsX-Sp-m thn ]pd-s-p. CtZn\w A-KXnIfmcpw-Xs Ah-cpsS ASpv sN-cp-sXv IcpXn ]mpw-]Xp-n-bp-amWv Ah ]pds-Xv. Ah-cm-Is Ah-cpsS hnf-hp-I sImbvsX-Sp-m-sa ]q-hn-izm-k-n-ep-ambn-cp-p. Fm \in-n--s B tXmw I-tm Ah ]d-p: \nbw \
-]n-g-h Xs-bmbn-cn-p-p, A, \ XS-b-s--h-cm-bn-cn-pp. Atm Ahcn
\np Hcp \oXn-am- tNmZn-p: \n Fp-sImv Am-lp-hns\ hmgvp--hcmbn? Atm Ah ]d-p: R-fpsS \mY ]cn-ip--\mIpp, \nbw R
A{I-an-I-fn s]p-t]m-btm. As\ Ah ]c-kv]cw IqSn-tv ]d-p: Hm, \psS
Iw, \ AXn-{I-an-I-fm-bn-cn-p-p, \mw \psS \mY-\n-tev icWw {]m]n-p-I,
\psS \mY \ap-n-Xn-tesd Daam-bXv \In-tbmw (Ilv^v: 3244 Iqn-hmbnpI).
_Jd: 177,187188,266267, Ben-Cw-dm: 92 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
142. Ip-Im-en-I-fn, `mcw hln-p-hbpw amwk-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-p--hbpw
khm-cn-v D]-tbm-Knph-bpw hncn-mbn D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-mhp-hbpw
krjvSn-n-p-Xv Ah Xs-bm-Ip-p. Amlp \nv \Inb Cu
hn`-h--fn\nv `n-p-sIm-p-hn, \n ]nimNns Im]m-Sp-I
]n]-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-hn. \nbw Ah \nv hy-amb
ABw (6)
663
i{Xp- Xsbm-Ip-p.
Alv: 66, \nbw \nv Ip-Im-en-I-fn Hcp KpW-]m-T-ap-v. AhbpsS AIn-Sn\nv ]-\n-d-n-ep NmW-I-n-sbpw Npa \nd-n-ep c-ns-bp-an-S-bn\nv sh \nd-n-ep-, IpSn-p--hv B\w \Ip, \dpw ]m
\mw \nsf IpSn-n-pp Fpw, 80, Am-lp- \nv \n-fpsS hoSp-Isf imn\n`-c-amb hn{i-a-k-tXfm-n-bn-cn-p-p, arK-tm-ep-I-sImv \nv `h-\-fp-mnn-cn-p-p, Ah km-c-th-f-bnepw nc-hm-kth-f-bnepw \nv
D]tbm-Ks
- -Sp-m Ign-bp-h
- n[w eLp-hmnbn-cnp-p, Ah-bpsS (sNcn-bm-Sn-sbpw
tImem-Sn-sbpw H-I-n-sbpw) tcma--fn\nv \nv Hcp \nnX Ah-[n-hsc
D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-mhp [mcmfw km[-\-kma-{Kn-I Dm-n--n-cn-p-p Fpw ]dn-p-v. bmko: 71-73 ]dbpp: \psS ssII-fm krn-n-p Ip-Im-en-Isf
Ah-cpsS DS-a-X-bn-em-n-bn-cn-pp FXv Ah ImWp-n-t, \mw Ahsb Ahv
hnt[-b-amnsm-Sp-n-cn-p-p. Ah-bn Nne-Xn-ta Ah k-cn-pIbpw, NneXn-s\-bh `n-p-Ibpw sNp-p. Ahbn Ahv [mcmfw D]-Im-c--fp-w ]m\o-bhp-ap-v. Atm- Ah krm-hns\ GI-\mbn AwKo-I-cnv \n-{]-I-Sn-n-p--hcmIpn-stbm? Ip-Im-en-I-fpsS sImp-IsImv In-n-Sn-Ifpw, Ah-bpsS XpI-epIsImv sNcp-v, _mKv XpS-n-b-h-bp-apm-p-p. ]kmc ^m-dn-I-fn AhbpsS
Fp-I D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p-p. Hm-td-j Ign-v Xpp--Xn-\v thn D]-tbm-Knp
"ImvKv' Dm-p-Xv Ah-bpsS Bam-i-b--fpw IpS-ep-I-fpw D]-tbm-Kn-m-Wv. AhbpsS
sImgp-p-If
- n\nv Im]vkyq-fpI Dm-p-X
- n-\p-th Pem-n \nn-p-p. {]tal
tcmKn-Ip "Ckp-en' Ip-Im-en-I-fn\npw DXv]m-Zn-n-p-p-v. _n.-kn.-Pn.
hmIvkn \nanp-Xn\v ASp--Imewhsc Ip-Im-en-Isfbmbn-cpp D]-tbm-KsSpn-bn-cp--Xv. B[p-\nI temIv amwk-n\pw ap Bh-iy-pw-thn Ip-Im-enI-sfsbpw tmWnwKv aptJ\ DXv]m-Zn-np XpS-n-bnp-v (apAvan\q: 1922 Iqnhm-bnp-I).
Npcp--n a\p-jysbpw, Ah\v e`n-n-cn-p Irjn-, tXm-, Ip-ImenI
XpS-nb Fm A\p-{K-l--fpsSbpw ZmXmhpw DS-abpw Am-lp-hm-Ip-p. Ah D]-tbmK-s-Sp-t-Xv Ahs hn[n-hn-e-p-I-\p-k-cnv am{X-am-Wv. Fn-cns Am-lph-m--hv Ahs Xr]vXnv hncp--ambn \n- {]ISnn-pXpw, Ah-t-X-m
]cn-[n-Ifpw BNm-c-fpw ]men-p--Xpw, AXn-cp-I-hn-bepw ]nimNns Im]m-Sp-I
]np-S-c-epamWv. Ah- A-mlp a\p-jy-\v \In-bXv `-W-n\pw ap -Nne D]-tbm-Kp-am-Wv, AmsX Zp-cm-Nm-c- hgn Ahsb \njn--amnshm-\-. Amlp
\Inb `-W-hn-`-h--fp-sS-ta a\p-jy Xn--{]-Imcw Npa-p D]m-[n-Ifpw \n_-\-I-fp-samw, a\p-jys i{Xp-hmb ]nim-Nns\bmWv Xr]vXn-s-Sp-p-I. _Jd: 168169, 208-210, An-km-Av: 116,121, ABw: 112-116 t\mpI.
143. BWpw s]p-am-b Fv CW-ItImem-Sn\nv cs-hpw sNcn-bmSn\nv cs--hpw. {]hm-N-Im Ah-tcmSv tNmZn-p-I: Ahbn B
hKsbmtWm \ntcm-[n-n-p-Xv AtXm s] hKsbmtWm?
AXpas- n tImem- S n- s bpw sNcn- b m- S n- s bpw K`m- i - b - n-
664
JpB\ns Bmhv
ephsbbmtWm? Adn-hns ASn-m-\
- n \n FtmSv ]d-pXcnI--\n- kXyw]d-bp--h-cm-sW-n.
144. H-I-n\nv cshpw, ]ipfn\nv cs-hpw. tNmZn-pI:

Ahbn B hKs-bmtWm Amlp \ntcm[nnpXv? AtXm s]
hKs-bmtWm AXpasn H-I-n-sbpw ]ip-hn-sbpw K`mibn-ephsbbmtWm? A-X; Amlp CsXmw Iev]n-tm
\nfhnsS lmPcpm-bn-cptm? Atm Adn-hn-msX P\sf hgnsXn-p-hmthn Am-lp-hns t]cn Iw Nap ]d-bp--h-t\-m
Ghpw henb A{I-an-bm-cm-Wp-Xv? \nbw Amlp Ccw A{I-an-I
fmb Hcp P\-Xsb kamKn-em-p-I-bnXs.
Jp-B\ns Bi-b-an-msX Am-lp-hns\pdnv ]d-bp--hcpw, _plm-\mb JpB-\nse (A-n-kmAv: 174) Hcp ]Z-sa-nepw sXfn-hm-bn-n-m BNm-c-fpw -{]-hrn
Ifpw sImp-\-S-p-h P\-sf Am-lp-hns hgn-bn\nv -amn ]nim-Nns hgnI-fn-tev \bn-p--h-cm-Wv. Ccw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I hnNm-cW-t]m-ep-an-msX \c-In {]th-in-p--Xm-Wv (An-km-Av: 145, amCZ: 13,51 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). lv:
8, epJvam: 20 kq--fn Ccw \ntj-[n-I-fmb a\p-jy-sc-p-dnv Amlp ]dbpp: bmsXmcp Adnhpw kamKhpw shfnw \Ip {KhpanmsX, Am-lp-hns\-p-dn-v Xn-p--hcmWv Ah. ChnsS ]cm-ain Adn-hv, kamKw, shfnw
\Ip {Kw FnhsImsmap hnh-, Jp-B-\ns Bi-bpw Xsbm-Wv.
Htc Pohn-bn\np BWv \njn-hpw, s]v A\p-h-Z-\o-ba-- m-hpI As-n adn-mhpI AXp-a-s-n Hcp arKw A\p-h-Z-\o-bhpw AXns Ipn \njn--hp-am-hp-I, CsXmw
_pn-iq-\yamb shdpw [mc-W-I am{X-amWv. Ccw A-an-m-Xpw Akw-_-hp-amb hn[n-hn-e-p-I Amlp \Ip-sav _pn-bp Hcms-s\ hn`m-h\
sNm km[npw? Atm hnip-- Jp-B Ad-_n-I-fp-sSbpw ]qnI kap-Zm-b-fp-sSbpw A-iq-\y-amb aqV-[m-c-W-I FSp-p--cn-n-p-Xv, Ahbn\nv ]mTapsmv kam-\-amb D]-a-Ifpw DZm-l-c-W-fpw a\-n-emn, A-hn-izmkA\mNmc- Hgn-hm-n, Jp-B-\ns XW-en {]Im-i-]q-amsbmcp PohnXw \bn-m-\pw,
ac-W-tm-Sp-IqSn kam-[m-\-tK-l-amb kzK-n-te-p-Xs Xncn-p-t]m-Im-\p-am-Wv. JpB-\ns hn[n-hn-e-p-Iv hncp--amb BNm-c-m\p-jvSm-\- sImp-\-S-p-h
bYm m\-an-msX a\p-jysc hgn-]ngn-Xn-\p inm-`mcw hln-t-n-hcp
A{I-a-nI-fm-Ipp. An-km-Av: 85, amCZ: 57, 64-67, A-Bw: 2526,47,136-139 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I.
145. {]hm-N-Im Ah-tcmSp ]d-bp-I: F\nv e`n-n-p Znhy-k-t-i-n, `np--hv \njn--ams-- `-W-ambn bmsXmpw Rm ImWp-n
AXv ih-tam, Hgp--s c-tam, ]n-amw-ktam Bbm-e-m-sX.
Atm \nbw AXpw, Amlp-hn\v th-n-b-msX \onshsn
pXpw amen-\yamWv As-n Im]-Sy-ap-f-hm-p-XmWv. C\n Hcm
\n_-nXm-h--bn, [nm-c-ap-t-in-m-sXbpw ]cn[n ewLnmsXbpw
(Ch-bn\nv hXpw Xnp-I-bm-sW-n) Atm Xo-bmbpw \ns
ABw (6)
665
\mY Gsd s]mdp-p-- Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[n-b-tm.

Cu kq-n {]tXyIw {in-m-\p--Xv, Am-lp-hns t]cn-e-msX t\bmbn \on-shsn-p km[-\-sf ]namwktmSv tNv, AXv amen-\y-hpw
Im]-Sy-ap-f-hm-p--Xp-amWv Fp-]-d-n-p-v F-XmWv. \njn--amb Blmc ]Zm-sf-p-dnv hnh-cn-p ap kq--fnsemw "cw' FmWv ]d-np-sX-n
Hgp--s c-sa-mWv ChnsS ]d-n-p--Xv. _Jd: 173, amCZ: 3,90-91, ABw: 121
146. PqX aXw kzoI-cn--h-cpsSta \J-ap kI-e- ar-K--sfbpw \mw \njn-am-n-bn-cn-p-p. ]ip-hn-\npw BSn-\npw Ah-bpsS sImgp-pwAhbpsS apXp-Intem As-n AIn-Sntem As-n Fp-In-S-bntem
]n]nSnXpw IeXpsamgnphAh-cpsSta \mw \njn--am-n-bncn-p-p. AXv Ah-cpsS [nm-c-n\p {]Xn-^-e-am-Wv, \nbw, \mw
kXy-k- Xs-bm-Ipp.
Alv: 118, blq-Z-cm-bn-o-h-cp-sS-ta, apv \mw \n\v hnh-cnpXh
am{Xta \njn--am-n-bn-pq. \mw Ah-tcmSv A{Iaw ImWn-nn Fm Ah
kz-tm-Sp-XsbmWv B{Iaw {]hn--Xv Fp-]-d-n--p-v. {]IrXn aX-amb
Ckveman \njn--amb hkvXp-- Fm-epw Hp-X-s-bmWv. Fm Pohn-Xns Fm taJ-e-I-fnepw hnhn[ BNm-cm-\p-jvTm-\- IS-n-qnbXp-t]mse \njn-amb `Whn`-h--fpsS Imcy-nepw ]WvUnX ]ptcm-ln-X-m Ir{Xn-a-amb \nb-a IS-n-q-p-I-bm-Wp-m-b-Xv (Ben-Cw-dm: 93, An-km-Av: 160161 Iqn-hmbnpI).
Cu kq-n Amlp \mw \njn--am-n- Fm-Wv ]d--Xv. Am-lp- Hcp kwKXn
\njn--am-p--Xv {]hm-N-I-s\tbm thZ-stbm AbpsImv am{X-a-, adnv P\
[nm-cn-Ifmbn amdp-tm, Ah-cn Zpam-cmb t\Xm-s
- fbpw Nqj-I
- amcmb ]WvUnX-m-scbpw \ntbmKnv Ah P\-v \ Blm-c-]-Zm- \njn--am-p-I-sbXpw Ahs Ncy-bn s]XmWv. {]hm-N-Iamcpw thZ-fpw aptJ-\-bp \njn-am- ssZhn-I-amb A\p-{Kl-am-sWn cm-aXv ]d \njn--am- Ahs
inbpw im]-hp-sa \ne-bn-em-sWv am{Xw (Xu_: 31-34 t\mp-I). _Jd: 57,66,
An-km-Av: 136-139, amCZ: 48, ABw: 114-118,123,131 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
147. Atm C\nbpw Ah \ns Xn--dv If-hm-ppsh-n \o
AhtcmSv ]d-bp-I: \n-fpsS \mY hnim-e-amb Imcp-Wy-ap-S-b-h-\m-Ipp.
Ahs ZWvU\w {`mamcmb Hcp P\-Xsbsmv XSp-m Ign-bp-
Xp-a-.
amapivcnp-I-fp-sSbpw ]qnI aX-m-cp-sS-bp-samw ]e A-hn-izmkfpw
BNm-c-fpw FSp-p--cn--tijw, [nm-chpw A\p-k-c-W-tSpw Ism-gnv PohnXw
Am-lp-hn\pthn am{X-ap--Xmn amn Ah\n-tev aS-p ]w DS-a-bmb \mYs
hnim-e-amb Imcp-Wy-n \nv A`bw tXSm-w. Fm \n Nn-bn-msX
sXm-Sn-I-fmb {`m-m-cm-bn-pScp-I-bm-sW-n Amlp {]Xn-Imcw sNp--Xm-Wv.
AXns\ XS-bm Hcp inpw km[y-hp-a-. Cv Cu kq--sfmw hmbn-p-
666
JpB\ns Bmhv
apkven Bi-b-a-dn-bm--Xn-\m, Fm-Wn-Xns ]cn-WXêsav {Kln-msX

ap P\-XItf-m [nm-c-n apgpIn A{I-anIfpw {`mm-cp-ambn amdn-bn-cn-pv n-)v Fm-W.v a\-m- hmNm-I
- Wm
I-bm-W.v (apPvcnw) F-Xns hn]-coX]Zw (ap-J_
Am-lp-hn\v IogvhW--pIsb-mWv AXns Bi-bw (lv: 34-35 t\mpI).
"aplvkn' AYhm Am-lp-hns\ Ip-sImv Ncn-p--h FpamImw (lv: 37
t\mp-I)-. _Jd: 99, A-Bw: 33,47,55 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
148. Am-lp-hns A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i--fn ]p-tNp--h ]d-bpIXs
sNpw: Amlp Dt-in-n-cp-p-sh-n Rtfm R-fpsS ]q]n
Xmtfm Ah-\n ]p-tNp--h-cm-Ip-am-bn-cp-n-. R bmsXmpw
\njn--am-p-Ibpw sNp-am-bn-cp-n-. A{]-Imcw Ahv app--hcpw
\psS ZWvU\w cpNnp-Xphsc kXys Xn--dv Ifhmnbn-p
v. \_ntb tNmZn-p-I: \n-fpsS ] h Adn-hp-ap-s-n Atm
\n-fXv R-fpsS apn sImp-h-cn-I. \nbw \n Dul--sf-b
msX ]n]-pn, \nbw \n \nK-a-\--fpw A\p-am-\--fpamsX
shp-]p-eppan-.
Alv: 35-, Am-lp-hns A[n-Im-c-mh-Im-i--fn ]p-tNp--h ]dbpw:
Amlp Dt-in-n-cp-p-sh-n Rtfm R-fpsS ]q ]nXm-tfm Ahs\qSmsX
asmcp hkvXphn-\pw C_m-Zv sNp-ambn-cp-n. Ahs hn[n-bn-msX bmsXmcp
hkvXp-hn\pw \njn-w Iev]n-p-Ibpanm-bn-cp-p. A{]-Imcw Chv app--hcpw
{]hn-n-pv. Atm ktiw hyambn FnpsImSp-p-I-b-msX {]hm-NIamv as-smcp D-c-hm-Zn--am-Wp--Xv? Fpw bq\p-kv: 18, Ah Am-lphns\qSmsX Ahv D]-{Z-htam D]-Im-ctam sNm Ign-bm--hsc C_m-Zv sNp-h-cpw, Cq- Am-lp-hns ] Rp-thn ip]mi sNp--h-cmWv
(Fp]d-bp--h-cpam-Wv). \_n-tb Ah-tcmSv tNmZn-pI: \n BIm-i-`q-an-I-fn
Am-lp-hn\v Adn-bm-Xv ]d-p-sIm-Sp-p-I-bmtWm? Am-lp-hm-I-s, Ah P]np ]m-fn--fn\nsmw AXyp--X\pw AXo-h ]cn-ip--\pam-Ipp Fp-]-dnpv. lpP-dm-v: 16, \_ntb Ah-tcmSv tNmZn-p-I: \n- Am-lphns\
\n-fpsS Zo ]Tn-n-p-I-bmtWmBIm-i-`q-an-I-fn-ep--sXmw Ah\v Adn-hp--Xm-bncn-s. Amlp Fm-Im-cy-fpw Adn-bp k--\-tm (ABw: 116 hni-Zo-I
cWw t\mp-I).
Pmknb: 22-, BIm-i`qan-Isf Amlp ey-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bmWv krn-n-p-XvFm Hmtcm Bm-hn\pw AXv km-Zn--Xn\v {]Xn-êw sImSp-p--Xn-\p-thn,
Ah-tcmSv A]w-t]mepw A\oXn ImWn--s-Sp-I-bn Fpw, 23-, Atm Xs
Csb Cem-lmbn sh-hs\ \o Ipthm {]hm-NIm? Amlp Adn-thm-Sp-IqSns
Ahs\ hgn-]n-g-n-n-cn--bm-Wv. Ahs tIhn-pw lrZ-b-n\pw Ah ap{Z-sh-n-cnp-p, Ahs ImgvN-bpsS apI-fn Hcp Bh-c-Whpap-v. Atm Am-lp-hn-\ptijw BcmWv Ahs\ kam-Kn-em-m-\p--Xv--\n- lrZ-bw-sImv kvacn-pn-stbm?Fpw 24-, Acw A{I-an-I ]d-bp-Ibpw sNpp: Pohn-X-sa-m Cu
Zp\n-bm-hn-ep--Xv am{XamWv, ChnsS \mw P\n-p-p, acn-p-p, Ime-a-msX \s
ABw (6)
667
\in-n-p-n-. Ah-cpsS ] bmsXmcp Adn-hp-an-, \nbw Ah Dul-sf

bmsX ]n]-p-n- Fpw, 25-, A-c-mv \psS kq- hy-ambn
Xnem-hv sNbvXp-sIm-Sp-m \n kXyw-]-d-bp--h-cm-sW-n R-fpsS ]nXmamsc Ctmv sImp-h-cn-I-sb--msX asmcp hmZhpw Ahp-m-hp-I-bn
Fpw-]-d-n-p-v.
Cv apkven-fns] Fm kwL-S-\-mcpw Am-lp-hns A[n-Im-c-mh-Im-i-fn ]p-tNphcm-Wv. Ben-Cw-dm: 103, Fm-hcpw tNp-sImv {Ks
apdpsInSnv GIkwL-amb Am-lp-hns kwL-am-hpI (ap-Pm-Zne: 22), \n `nnm-Xn-cn-p-I-sbv ]d-n-p-v. _Jd: 213, apAvan\q: 51-53 XpS-nb kq-sfmw Ah-K-Wn-p-sImv Cv apkven-fnse kwL-S\m t\Xm- tNmZn-p-I-bmWv:
"]ns kwLS\ tht? Amlp Dt-in-n-cp-s-n Cs\ hnhn[ kwL-S-\-I-fpm-Ip-am-bn-cp-n, AXp-t]mse ImImc-W-ham-cpsS Cu PohnXNcy R ]npS-cp-I-bpw sNp-am-bn-cpn' (_-Jd: 170-172 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI). \c-Intepw
kzKntepsamw AmlphmWv Ahs ASn-a-Isf hoXn-pXv, Atm
ImImc-W-ham-scmw t]mbXv \c-I-n-te-m-sW-n Rfpw \c-In-tev
t]mbn-sm--s-sb [mc-W-bn-emWv Ah hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv kwkm-cnp-I. kzKhpw
\c-Ihpw Ah-c-h Xs km-Zn-t--Xm-sW bmYmyw Jp-B\ns Bi-b-anm--Xn-\m Ah Adn-bp-pan-. _Jd: 67,169,286, Ben-Cw-dm: 136,138,182, An-km
Av: 1,41-42, amCZ: 105, ABw: 22-27 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
149. {]hm- N - I m ]d- b p- I : Atm Am- l p- h ns ] \np- - X mWv
bmYmy-n-se-pXpw Anahp-amb \ymb{]amWw. Atm
Amlp Dtinn-cp-p-sh-n \nsf apgp-h\pw kam-K-n-em-pI
Xs sNp-am-bn-cp-p.
amCZ: 67 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. bmYmy-n-se-p Anaamb \ymb-{]-amWw
Jp-B-\m-Ip-p. \_n (k) ]Tn-np: Jp-B \n\v {]am-W-amWv As-n \n\v
FXn {]am-W-am-Wv. bmko: 70 Amlp ]d-bp-p: Cu Jp-B Poh-\p--hv
ap-dn-bnv \Ip--Xn-\pw, \ntj-[n-I-fp-sS-ta inm-h-N\w m]n-X-am-Ip--Xn\pw
thn-bmWv Ah-X-cn-n-n-p--Xv. kamKhpw ZpamKhpw Fm-hpw \In-bn-p
v. Atm Am-lp-hns kwkm-c-amb Jp-B kq--tfmSv {]Xn-I-cn-thn[w
{]Xn-Ic
- n-p-Ib
- pw, AXns hn[n-hn-e
- p-I A\p-kc
- nv Pohn-p-Ib
- p-am-sW-n Ahv
A\p-Iq-e-ambn Jp-B kmn\np-I-bpw hmZn-p-Ibpw sNp--Xm-Wv. Jp-B
e`np-Ibpw AXv ]mcm-bWw sNp-Ibpw, AXns Bfp-I-fm-sWv Zpc-`n-am-\n-p-Ibpw
sNbvXp-sImv, `qcn-]--ns amKw ]n]-p--hv F-Xn-cmbn-mWv Jp-B hmZnp-Ibpw kmn\np-Ibpw sNp-I. _Jd: 256, An-km-Av: 118, A-Bw: 19,37-38,8283,88-90 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.150. Ah-tcmSp ]dbpI: \nbw, Amlp Cu hkvXp--sfmw \njn--am-nbn-cn-pp Fv \n-fn Bsc-nepw kmywhln-p--h-cp-s-n
Ctmv hcphn. Fm Ah kmywhln-p-I-bm-sW-n Atm
\o Ah-tcm-sSmw kmywhln--cp-Xv. \psS kq-sf If-hmn
668
JpB\ns Bmhv
Xn--d-bp--h-cpsSbpw, ap--hsc X-fpsS \mY\v ]Icwshp, ]ctem-I-n hniz-kn-m--h-cp-sSbpw Cm-\n-jvS- \o Hcn-epw
]n]pI-bp-a-cpXv.
kmy-ns D-c-hm-Znw a\-n-em-phcpw, Amlp Fmw hon-p-ps t_m[-ap--h-cp-am-sW-n icn-bmb Adnhv Innb Imcy-n am{Xta kmn]dbm ]mSpqshv a\-n-em-p-I-bpw, `-W-hn-`--fn-ep Ccw Zpcm-Nm-c-
Amlp Iev]n--Xm-sWv Ifhv ]d-bm Ah `b-s-Sp-Ibpw sNpw. Fm kmyns bYm D-c-hm-Znw {Kln-m--hcpw, Am-lp-hns \ma-n Ikmywhlnm aSn-m-h
- c
- pamsW-n Ah-c
- s\ sNbvXp-sIm-s
- , {]hm-NI\pw
hnizm-kn-Ifpw AXn ]p-tN-c-cp-Xv. Ah kmywhln-m Ah-cpsS hnizmkmNmc- kXnpsIm-Spmsa A-n-e, kq-n Ah-tcmSv kmyw]d-bm
Bh-iy-s-n-p--Xv. adnv Ah-cpsS Iq-n Am-lp-hns\ A]-sa-nepw `b-sSp
h Ah-ti-jn-p--p-s-n Ahsc hgn-tISn\nv ]nncn-n-p-hmthn ]d-Xm-Wn-Xv. ^pJm: 43-, Xs Csb Cem-lmbn sXsc-s-Sp--h-s\ \o
Ipthm {]hm-N-Im, Atm \n\v Ah-\p-thn ssIIm-cy-Im-hmIm ]ptam
Fpw, 44, AtXm, \o IW-p-Iq-p-pthm Ah-cn A[n-I-t]cpw tIp-h-cpw
Nnn-p--h-cp-am-Ip-sav? Ah Ip-Im-en-Isftmse Am-sX-b-, A; Ahtbm hgn-]n-g--h-cm-Wv Fpw, 72-, ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-Is C-Zm-kam (]-c-a-Im-cp-WnIs\ \njv]\mbn AwKo-I-cn--h) I-kmyw hln-m--hcpw, Ah hyamb Hn-\cnIneqsS \S-p-t]m-I-tm am\y-ambn ISpt]mIp--h-cp-amWv Fpw
]d-n-pv. _Jd: 120121, An-km-Av: 135, A-Bw: 1,65-69 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
151. {]hm-N-Im Ah-tcmSv ]d-bp-I: \n hcp-hn, \n-fpsSta \nfpsS
DS-a-bmb \mY \njn--am-n-bn-p--sX-m-sWv Rm \nv hniZo-I-cnv Xcmw. \n Hn-s\bpw Ah\n ]ptNm-Xn-cn-pI. amXm]n-Xm-tfmSv Ghpw \\ne-bn hn-p-I. Zmcn{Zyw `bv kzk-m\-sf sImm-Xn-cn-pI, \mamWv \n-sfbpw Ah-scbpw Dup--Xv. \oNhr-n-I-tfmSvAXv {]Xy--am-b-Xm-Is ]tcm--am-b-Xm-IsASp-m-Xncn-p-I. Amlp sIm \njn-am-nb Hcp \^vkns\bpw \n
A\ym-ba
- mbn sImm-Xn-cn-p-I. CsX-mamWv Ah \n-tfmSv Dunbp]tZ-in-p--Xv, \n _pn-bp-]-tbm-Knv Nnn-p--h Xs-bm-I-W-sa-Xn\pthn.
152. \n A\m-YIfpsS [\tmSvA-h ]IzX {]m]n-p-X
- p-hs
- cGhpw
\- \ n- e - b n- e - msX kao- ] n- pIbp- a cp- X v . \n Afhv Xq
\oXnsImv ]qnbm-p-I. Hcp Bm-hnstaenepw AXn\v km[y-amhm D-c-hm-Zn-- \mw Npa-n-bn-n-. \n kwkm-cn-p-tm
\oXn-]qw kwkm-cn-p-IAXv IpSpw-_-n\nv ASp--h-tcm-SmsWnepw icn. Am-lp-hpambn sNbvX DS-Sn ]qn-bm-p-Ibpw sN
pI. CsX-m-amWv Amlp \n-tfmSv Dun D]-tZ-in-p--Xv\n
lrZbwsImv kvacn-p--h Xs-bm-I-W-sa--Xn\pth-n.
ABw (6)
669
Ckvdm-Av: 23-35 hsc-bp kq-- CtX Bibfn-eph Xs-bm-Wv. Amlp- am{X-amWv a\p-jy-cp-tS-X-Sw Fm Ncm-N-c--fp-sSbpw DS-a-sb-pw, Ah-\p-thn
am{Xw Pohn-p--h-cmWv Ahs {]mXn-\n[yw hln-p--h-scpw hniz-kn-p--h-cmWv
hnizm-kn-I. Amlphns\ [n-cnpsImv krjvSnImpwXs A\p-k-c-Wansv \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. amXm-]n-Xm--tfmSv \-bn hn--W-sa-pw, Fm
B amXm-]n-Xm- Adn-hn-m Imcy--fn Am-lp-hn ]p-tNp--Xn-\p-thn
\n_-n--m Ahsc A\p-k-cn--cp-sX-pw, Fm Ah-tcmSv Jp-B-\ns hn[n-hne-p-I A\p-k-cnv Cl-n kl-hn--W-sa-pw, ]n]-t-Xv Am-lp-hn-tev
Xncn--h-cpsS amK-amsWpw epJvam: 14-15 kqfn ]d-n-p-v (An-kmAv:
36,48,116 Iqn-hmbnp-I). Am-lp-hmWv Fm-h-cpsSbpw {kmhpw Xon-tmn kwc-np cn-Xm-hpw. amXm-]n-Xm-v a-sftbm, av amXm-]n-Xm--sftbm sXscs-Sp-m-\p Ah-Im-i-an-s-n-cns Zmcn{Zyw `b-s-p-sImv asf sImm amXm]n-Xm-v A[n-Im-ctam Ah-Im-itam C- (ABw: 94,136137Iqn-hmbnpI). \nyhpw
\nIr-jvShpw em-I-c-hp-ambn a\-n-em-p {]-Ir-Xnv hncp-amb GXv {]hr-nbpw
\oN-hr-n-I-fm-Wv. hy`n-Nm-cw, kzhK-kw-t`m-Kw, \-X, A]-hm-Zw ]d-b, ]nXr-`mcysb hnhmlw Ign-, kzw aIs `mcysb hnhmlw sN Fn-hsb -hnip
Jp-B \oN-hr-n-I-fmbn ]Tn-n-n-p-v. If-hv, aZy-]m-\w, bmN\ XpS-n-bh \oN-hrn-I-fmsWv \_n (k) ]Tn-n-npv. Fm Xc-n-ep Ao-e- {]hr-n-I \oNhrn-I-fns]-Xm-Wv. Ccw \oN-hr-n-I ]c-ky-amtbm cl-ky-amtbm sN-cp-sXmWv Amlp Iev]n-p--Xv.
Fm Pohn-IfpsSbpw Bmhv Amlphnt-Xm-Wv, AXn-\m A\ym-b-ambnGsXnepw Pohnsb h[n-p-Xv Ahs\ h[n-p--Xn\v Xpey-amWv, ap- Po-h-Pm-e--sf
At]-nv Am-lp-hns {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmbn \ntbm-Kn--s a\pjys\ h[n-p-Xv
hIp---fn s]Xm-Wv. Fm Am-lp-hns {]Xn-\n-[n-bmb Hcp hnizm-knsb
Icp-Xn-qn sImm Ah\v \cIw \n_-a
- m-bn, Ahsta Am-lp-hns tIm]hpw
im]-hpapv, hn in-bmWv Ah\v Hcp-n-sh-n-p-X
- v (An-km-Av: 92-93 t\mpI).
lJv IqSmsX Fp-]-d-m, Jp-B-\ns hn[n-hn-e-p-Iv hncp--ambn h[n-m
]mSn- F-m-Wv (_Jd: 147, Ben-Cw-dm: 60 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). h[w \S-mhp \ym-b-ambn cq] Jp-B-\n hnh-cn-n-p-v. Hcp a\p-jy asmcp a\p-jys\ a\]qw h[n-m AXn-\p {]Xn-{In-b-bmbn LmX-Is\ h[n-m-hp--Xm-Wv (_Jd: 178179 t\mp-I). Am-lp-hns ASp- kzoIm-cy-amb Zo kzoI-cnv Pohn-m-\p
kzmX-{yw Dm-Ip-Xphscbpw, \miw Cm-Xm-Ip-Xphsc-bpw bpw sNp-Ibpw
h[n-pIbpw sNmhp-Xm-Wv (_Jd: 191193 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). Ckvem-anI
cmjv{S s Ak-am-[m-\hpw Ipg-hpw krjvSnv An-a-dn-m {ian-p ap\m-^n-Jp-Isf h[n-t-XmWv (An-km-Av: 91, amCZ: 32-33 Iqn-hmbnpI). ch-k-c-n
h[w A\p-h-Z-\o-b-ambn \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. (1). hnhmln-X-cmb kv{Xo ]pcp-jam
hy`n-Nmcw sNp-I. (2). ap-m-hp-I (Zo\n\nv ]pd-p-t]m-hp-I). Cu inIsfmw \S-n-em-t-Xv hnizm-kn-IfpsS kwL-am-Wv. Aq: 55 hnizm-kn-I-fpsS
kwL-ap-s-n Ahv A[n-Imcw \Ip-sav ]d-n-p-v. Fm Cv temIs-hn-sSbpw hnizm-kn-IfpsS kwL-tam, Ckvem-anI `c-W-tam- C-m--Xn-\m Cu \nba--sfmpw \S-n hcp-m km[y-a-. Cukm \_n h-Xn\ptij-w am{X-amWv
670
JpB\ns Bmhv
bYm Ckvem-anI `cWw Fm-sWv temIP\X C\n Adn-bp-I. Cv I]-S-hn-izmkn-ItfmSpw Jp-B aqSn-sh-p Ip^v^m-dp-I-tfmSpw Jp-BsIm-p PnlmZv am{Xam-Wp-Xv (Xu_: 73, ^pJm: 52 t\mpI).
A\m-Y-I-fpsS [\w A\ym-b-ambn Xnp--h X-fpsS hb-dp-I-fn XobmWv
\nd-p--sXv An-km-Av: 10 ]d-n-p-v. "\n Afhv Xq-- \oXnsImv
]qnbm-p-I' F-Xns hnh-, Xpem-kmb Jp-BsImv XqpI FmWv.
Aqd: 17-epw, lZoZv: 25-epw Jp-B Xpem-km-sWv ]d-n-p-v. Atm GXp-Imcyhpw Jp-B\ns BibwsImv Xqp-tm am{X-ta AXv \oXn-bpw, Am-lp-hn-s\
kmy--sSp-p--Xp-am-hp-I-bpq (am-CZ: 8 Iqnhm-bn-p-I). AXv Xs-bmWv
JpBsImv hn[n-Iev]n-m--h Im^n-dpw A{I-anbpw ^mkn-JpamWv Fp-]-d-Xns s]mcp-fpw (_Jd: 185, An-km-Av: 69, amCZ: 44,45,47, ABw: 104 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mpI). HcmtfmSv AXn\v hln-m Ign-bm-Xv \mw Iev]n-n-n- Fp]d-Xns hnh-, Af-hnepw Xq-nepw Ign-bp-{X \oXn ImWn--W-sa-pw, Icp-Xn-qn-b-msX A_--n hcp ]ng-hp-IfpsS- t]cn Amlp ]nSn-Iq-Sp-I-bn-s-pamWv. ap-Xz^v^nô: 13 Amlp ]d-bp-p: Af-hnepw Xq-nepw Ipdhv hcp-p-hmWv \c-I-nse "ssh' FsNcp-hv. Ah P\--tfmSv Xqnbpw Afpw
Ctmv hmp-tm AXp ]qn-bm-n-sbSp-phcpw, Atm-p-sIm-Sp-p-tm
AXn Ipdhv hcp-p--h-cp-amWv. _Jd: 286 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Adn-hn-mbvasImv Ipw sNbvX-hv am{X-am-Wv ]m-m]apXv Fv Ankm-Av: 17-18 kq--fn ]d-n-p-v. BtcmSv kwkm-cn-p-I-bm-sW-nepw \ Iev]np-Ibpw Xn hntcm-[n-p-Ibpw thWw. AYhm Jp-B-\ns hn[n-hn-e-p-I ]n]n
Pohn-m ap--hsc D]-tZ--in--Ww. Ah-c-h-cpsS {]h\ dnmUn \msf hmbnp-hm ]nb kwkm-c-fmbn-cn-Ww tcJ-s-SptXv Fv kmcw. Ap-A-dm-Av:
214-215, \o IpSpw-_-n\nv Ghpw ASp--hsc BZyamZyw Jp-BsImv apdn-bnv \I-W-sapw, hnizm-kn-I-fn\nv \ns ]n]-n-b-hv \ns Nnd-Ip-I
XmgvnsmSp--W-sapw ]d-n-p-v. _Jd: 177, Ben-Cw-dm: 92, An-km-Av: 135
t\mp-I.
Am-lp-hp-ambn sNbvX DS-Sn, "Rm\-stbm \n-fpsS dv' Fv tNmZn-tm,
AsX \mYm, R kmyw hln-pp (A-Avdm^v: 172) Fv Hmtcm a\p-jycpw ]d-Xm-Wv. Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n Cmcyw DWn-bnv AXv ]menp Pohn-p-
h hnizm-kn-Ifpw kzK-n t]mIp--h-cp-am-Wv (_Jd: 2628 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI).
Am-- {`mam-tcmSv: \msf Hm BZw km-\--tf, \n-tfmSv ]nim-Nn\pthn
Pohn--cp-sXv Rm DS-Sn hmn-bn-p-m-bn-cp-n-t?- \nbw Ah \n-fpsS
i{Xp-h-tm, \n F\n-p-thn am{Xw Pohn-p-I, AXm-Ipp t\sc sNms-bp
amKw. \n-fn A[n-I-t]-scbpw B ]nimNv ]ng-npIf--tm, Atm \n
_pn-bp-]-tbm-Knv Nnn-p--h-cmbncp-nt F hnNm-cW\mfn hcmt]m-Ip
cwKw bmko: 59-62 ]d-n-p-v. _Jd: 44,152, An-km-Av: 36-38, ABw: 90
hniZo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
ABw (6)
671
153. \nbw CXv Xs-bmWv Fs t\cmb amK-w, Atm \n B amKw

]n]-pI. Ahs t\cmb Cu GIamKn\nv `nnnp apamK-s
- fmpw Xs \n ]n]-pIbp-acpXv. AsX-m-amWv \nfpsS
\mY \n-tfmSv Dun D]-tZ-in-p--Xv, \n Ahs\ lrZ--b-n
kqn-v Pohn-p--h Xs-bm-I-W-sa--Xn\pthn.
ABw: 125126 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. lnPv: 3943, ]nimNv Am-lp-hn-t\mSv
]d-p: Fs \mYm, \o Fs ey-t_m[w \s--h-\m-n-b-tm, AXp-sImv
`qan-bn FmImcy-fpw Ahv Ae-m-c-amnsmSpv Rm Ahsc ]mnem-pI
bpw, Ah-cn\nv \n\-p-thn am{Xw Pohn-p Zmkamcm--h-sc-sbmw eyt_m[w \jvS-s--h-cm-p-Ibpw sNpw. A-tm Amlp ]d-p: CXmWv Fs]ep t\sc-sNm-s-bp amKw. \nbw Fs {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmbn F\n-p-thn
am{Xw Pohn-p ASn-a-I-fp-sS-ta \n\v bmsXmcp kzm[o-\hpaneyt_m[w \jvSsv Pohn-p--h-cn-sem-gn-sI. Atm \nbw \n\pw \ns ]n]-p Fmhpw hmKvZw sNbvXnpXv \c-I-amWv. Am-lp-hn-te-p hgn BZw apX
Ay-\mhsc Hp -X-s-bm-Wv. B hgn ]n]-p--h-cmWv Am-lp-hns kwLm
(Ben-Cw-dm: 19, amCZ: 55-56 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). av amK-sfmw \c-I-n-tep--Xpw, Ah ]n]-p--h ]nim-Nns kwL-n s]Sp--h-cp-am-Wv (_Jd: 174176, An-km-Av: 118 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). "kzndm-p apkvXJow' Fp-]-d-m
samw Jp-B\ns Bi-ba
- m-Wv. ^mnl: 5, _Jd: 2,38,85, Ben-Cw-dm: 103, AnkmAv: 131-133,137,144, amCZ: 12,60, A-Bw: 65-66,92 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Ckveman-s\ AwKo-I-cn-m Xm-dm-hp Hcmsf A-Bw: 151,152,153 Fo aqpkq-- Xnem-hv sNbvXp-sIm-SpmWv (hn-i-Zo-I-cnpsImSp-mWv) \_n (k)
ss_Av (k-Xy-{]Xn) sNnn-cp--Xv. \_n (k) ]d-p: CXv ]m-env Pohnp
Bfp-Iv A-mlp-hns ASp- X-Xmb {]Xn-^-e-ap-v. Bsc-nepw CXnse
hn[n-hn-e-pI ewLn-m Ahv `qan-bns \ny-amb in e`n-pw, ]cn
AXn-I-Tn-\-amb in-bpw.
154. ]ns \mw aqkmv {Kw \In-bn-p-m-bn-cp-p\-bpsS amKw kzoIcn--hv AXv Ghpw \\nev ]qo-I-cn-m thn. Fm Hmtcm
Imcy- sfpdn- v hni- Z oIcnXpw kamKhpw Imcp- W y- h p- a mbn
smp {Kw, Ah X-fpsS \mYs\ Ip-ap-p-sav hniz-kn-ph-cm-Ip--Xn-\p-th-n.
Fm-Im-cy-fpw ]q-ambn hni-Zo-I-cn-n-p, kamKhpw Imcp-Wyhpamb
{Kw Xs-bm-bn-cpp aqkmv \In-bn-cp--Xv. AXv D]-tbm-K-s-Spn Pohnv Amlp-hn-t\mSv Dcw ]d-bm Xm-dm-tI--Xn-\p-th-n. Fm AXv hnizm-kn-Iv
am{Xta kamKhpw Imcp-Wy-am-hp-I-bp-q (Ben-Cw-dm: 34 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI).
AlvJm^v: 10-12 kq--fn, \n Nnnp t\mn-bn-p-tm, Cu Jp-B Amlp-hn\nv D--Xm-hp-I-bpw, Fm \n-fXv \ntj-[n-p-Ibpw sNp-p, CXp-t]mep-smcp {Kn\v CkvdmCu k-Xn-I-fn\np Hcm kmywhln-p-Ibpw
sNp-p. Ah-c-Xn hniz-kn-p, \n-f-Xns\ Al-m-c-]qw \ntj-[n-p-I-bm-sWn
672
JpB\ns Bmhv
\nbw, Amlp Acw A{I-an-Isf kamK-n-tev \bn-p-I-bn-. Jp-B\n

hniz-kn--htcmSv \ntj-[n-I ]d-bp-Ibpw sNpp: CXn (Jp-B-\n) \-bpmbncpsn \n-tf-m apv R--f-Xn hniz-kn-p-am-bn-cp-p. Ah AXp-sImv
kamKw t\Sn-bn-sv am{X-a, AXv ]p-Imew apXte sIn-a-p-m-n-b-Xm-sWv
]d-bpIbpw sNpw. AXn\p apm-hs
- , aqkm-bpsS Camapw Imcp-Wy-hp-amb {K\-Yhpapv.
CXm-I-s, AXns\ kXy-s-Sp-p--Xpw, Ad_n `mj-bn-ep-Xpw A{I-an-Isf XmoXv
sNp--Xpw hnizm-kn-Iv A\p-{K-l-Zm-b-I-hp-am-Wv. _Jd: 121, amCZ: 48, A-Bw:
38,90 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I.
155. A\p-{K-lo-X-amb Cu {K-amhs, AXns\ \mamWv Ah-X-cn-n-n-cn-pXv, Atm \n AXns\ ]n]-p-Ibpw, Am-lphns\ lrZ-b-n
kqn-p-Ibpw sNpI\n A\p-{K-ln--s-SpIXs thW-sa-Xn\pthn.
156. C\n \n Cs\ ]d-bm-Xn-cn-m thn-bm-WXv Cd-n-b-Xv\nbw
R-fpsS app cv hn`m-K-mpw {Kw Cd--sp, Ah ]Tn
pIbpw ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNbvX-Xns\pdnv Rsmcp hnh-chpw
Dm-bn-cp-n- Fv.
157. As-n, R--fpsStasemcp {Kw Cd--s-n-cp-s-n R Ahtc-m kamK-w {]m]n--hcmhpIXs sNpam-bn-cp-p Fv \n
]d-bm-Xn-cn-mthn. Atm \nv \n-fpsS \mY-\n\np
shfn-]mSpw kamKhpw Imcp-Wyhpw Xo-bmbpw hpI-gn-ncn-pp. C\n Am-lp-hns kq-sf If-hmn Xn--d-bp--h-t\-m,
AXn\nv ]pdwXncnv ]nn-cn-bp--h-t\-m Ghpw henb A{Ian
Bcm-Wp-m-hpI? \psS kq-sfsmv ]nncnp t]mIp--h\m
Is, B ]nncnp t]mI-ens ê-ambn Ghpw Zpjn in {]Xn-ê-ambn \IpIXs sNpXm-Wv.
_Jd: 2 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. AAvdm^v: 204, Jp-B HmXn tIn--sm \n-fXv {inptIp-I-bpw, \n au\w Zon-p-Ibpw sNpI\n
A\p-{K-ln--s-SpIXs thW-sa--Xn-\p-th-n- Fp]d-n-p-v. R-fpsS app
cp-hn-`m-K-mpw \o {Kw \In, Rfm-hs, Ah ]Tn-Xns\-p-dnpw ]Tn-nXns\pdnpw t_m[-an-m--h-cp-am-bn-cpp Fv \n ]d-bm-Xn-cn-m thn-bm
Wv Ad-_n-bn-ep Jp-B \nv \InbXv FmWv ]d-bp--Xv. ^pn-e-v:
44, APv\_n `mj-bn Jp-B Cd-n-bn-cp-p-sh-n, Fm-W-Xns kq-
kv]jvS-am-Im--Xv, CsX-smcp ]pXp-a! R Ad-_n-Iv APv\_n `mj-bn-ep
Jp-B Cd-n-bn-cn-p-p Fv \n ]d-bm- CS-h-cm-Xn-cn-m thn-bmWv, \nfp
sSbpw Fgppw hmb-\bpw Adn-bm apl--Zn-sbpw `mj-bmb Ad_nbn AXv Cdn-bn-p--Xv. AXv Fm-e-p-ap hnizm-kn-Iv kamK-hpw tcmK-i-a-\-hp-am-Wv.
Fm Fm-e-p-ap \ntj-[n-Iv AXp-sIms Ah-cpsS sNhn-bn Hcp aqSnbphcpw, AhcXn-t\mSv A-cp-am-Wv. Ah hfsc hnZq-c-amb ep\nv hnfn--
ABw (6)
673
s-Sp--hsctmse-bm-Wv. Rsmcp {Kw Inn-bn-cp-p-sh-n R Gh-scmfpw kamK-n-em-hpIXs sNp-sav hop-]-d-bm-Xn-cn-m\pw IqSn-bmWv JpB \In-bn-p--Xv.
Cu kq-n ]d shfn-]mSpw kamKhpw Imcp-Wyhpw sImp-t-in-pXv Jp-B\ns Bibw Xs-bm-Wv. lv: 89 kq--fn ]cm-ain Adn-hv,
kamKw, shfnw \Ip{Kw FnhsImp hnh-bpw, Jp-B-\ns Bib-am-Wv. Aqd: 17 ]d AIn-Xm-_v, lJv, Xpemkv Ch aqpw Jp-B\ns
Bibw Xs-bm-Wv. lZoZv: 25- ]d shfn-]mSpw, {Khpw Xpemkpw, "JznkvXpw'
(\o-Xn) sImp-t-in-p-Xpw Jp-B-\ns Bibw Xs-bmWv. lqZv: 120- ]d
lJpw (k-Xyw) auC-fpw (k-Zp-]-tZ-iw) ZnIvdmbpw (A-\p-kva-c-Ww) sImp-t-in-pXpw Jp-B-\ns Bibw Xs-. bq\pkv: 57- ]d auC-fv, kwi-b-am-Ip
tcmK-n\p i-a\w, kamKw, ImcpWyw Fnh sImp-t-in-p-Xpw Jp-B\ns Bibam-Wv. \psS kq-sf ]cm-P-b-s-Sp-m thn HmSn\S-p--h
in-bn Hcp-an-p-Iq--sSpIXs sNp-sav k_-Av: 38 ]d-n-p-v (Pmknb: 31
Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Cv Am-lp-hns kq- Jp-B am{X-am-Wv. AXns\ Xnd-bp-Ibpw If-hmbn P\-a-[y-n Ah-X-cn-n-p-Ibpw sNp--h Xs-bmWv Ghpw
henb A{I-an-I- (am-CZ: 51, ABw: 21,25 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 24, Ben-Cw-dm: 138,
amCZ: 19, A-Bw: 7,3133,36,49,55,9092 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
158. Ah-cn-tev ae-p-I hcn-I-b-msX C\n Fm-W-h t\mn \npXv? As-n \ns dv Xs hcn-Ib
-
- msX As-n \ns dn
\np kv]amb ZrjvSm-- hcn-I-b-m-sX. \ns dn-\np
Nne ZrjvSm-- hcp Znhkw, apv hnizm-kn-bm-bn-n-m--ht\m
Asn Xs hnizm-kwsImv bmsXmcp \bpw km-Zn-n-n-m-ht\m Bb Hcp \^vkn\pw hnizmkw kzoI-cn- sImv D]-Im-c-s-Sp-Ibn-. Ah-tcmSv ]d-bpI {]hm-NI
- m: \n Imn-cn-p-I, \nbw Rfpw
Imn-cn-p--h-cm-Ip-p.
_Jd: 210, ABw: 111 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. "AmlpXs hcn-I' Fp]dXv, hynsb kw_-nv ac-W-hpw samw P\-Xv Ay-Zn\hpam-Wv. ae-pI
hcp-Xpw hynsb kw_-nv ac-W-am-Wv, samw P\-Xsb kw_-nv in-- Cd-tem As-n Ay-Zn-\-tam B-Wv (kpa: 55-59, ^pJm: 21-30, apAvan\q: 99-100
Iqn-hm-bn-pI). \ns dns Nne ZrjvSm- sImp-t-in-p--Xv kap-Zm-bsf
kw_-nv hc, ]I-hym[nI, `qan-Ip-ep-w, maw, shp-In-fn ieyw, bpw,
sh-smw, sImSpmv XpS-nb inI-fm-Wv. samw P\-Xsb kw_-nv AyZn-\-ns {][m-\-s ]v AS-bm-f-fmWv. \_n (k) ]Tn-np: ]v AS-bm-f
kw`-hn-p--Xp-hsc B Ay-a-Wn-q \ne-hn hcn-I-bn-: kqcy ]Sn-m-dp\nv DZn-pI, `qan-bn-emsI hym]n-p ]pI, Zmp Afv ]pd-s-SpI, bAvPqPv
aAvPqPv ]pd-sSpI, ako-lp--m- ]pd-s-SpI, Cukm \_n-bpsS hchv, aqnS--fn
`qan Xmgvp-t]mhpI (Hv In-g-v, asmv ]Sn-m-dv, aqm-aXv Atd-_y D]-Zzo]n),
P\-sf alvi-d-bn-tev \bn-p ba-\n\nv ]pd-s-Sp Xo Fn-hbmWv Ah.
674
JpB\ns Bmhv
kPZ: 29, Amlp \_n-tbmSv ]d-bm Iev]npp: Xocp-am\Znhkw \ntj-[n-Iv

hnizmkw kzoI-cn-p-XpsImv bmsXmcp D]-Im-chpw Dm-hp-I-bn-, Ahv kmhImiw \IsSp-I-bp-an-. 30, \o Ahsc Ah-K-Wn-p-I, \o Imn-cn-p-I, \nbw
Ahcpw Imn-cn-p--h-cm-Ip-p. kqcy ]Sn-m-dp\nv D-Zn-pZn\w Fm- P-\-
fpw hniz-kn-p--Xm-Wv. ]t As Ah-cpsS hnizmkwsImv D]-Im-c-s-Sp-I-bn
Fpw, AtX-{]-Imcw dqlv sXm-p-gn-bn Fp-tm hniz-kn-p-Itbm tJZn-pa-S-p-Itbm sNbvXm Ah-cn\nv kzoI-cn-p-I-bn- Fpw \_n (k) ]Tn-n-npv. _Jd: 254, An-km-Av: 1718 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
159. \n-bw X-fpsS Zo\n `nn-p-Ib
- pw ]e In-If
- m-bn-o-cpIbpw sNbvX-h-cp--tm, Ah-cp-sS HcpImcy-nepw \n\v D-c-hm-ZnanXs.
\nbw, Ah-cpsS Imcyw Am-lp-hn-te-m-Wv (a-S-p-I), ]ns Ah
{]hn-p-sIm-n-cp--sX-mbn-cp-p Fv Ah\h-tcmSv hnhcw ]dpsImSpp-Ibpw sNpw.
_Jd: 176,274 Iqn-hmbnp-I. kPZ: 25, \nbw \ns dv hn[n-Zn-hkw Ah
GsXmcp hnj-b-n-emtWm `nn-n-cpXv B hnj-b--fn Ahn-S-bn Xocp-am\w
Iev]n-p--XmsWv ]d-n-p-v. kpa: 46 kam-\m-i-b-ap kq-am-Wv. kpa:
69, `qan Xs dns {]Im-i
- m {]Im-in-p-Ib
- pw, Ah-ch
- c
- psS {]h\ tcJI
lmP-cm-sSp-I-bpw (kpa: 75, Ckvdm-Av: 13-15 t\mp-I) \_n-am-scbpw kmn-Isfbpw
sImp-h-cn-Ibpw, Ahn-S-bn Jp-B-sImv hn[nIev]n-p-Ibpw sNp--Xm-Wv,
BtcmSpw A]wt]mepw A\oXn ImWn-p-I-bpan- Fpw, 70 Fm Hmtcm
\^vkn\pw Ah {]hn-Xv ]q-ambn \Ip-sa-pw, Ah FmWv {]hn-ncp--sXv Amlp-hn\v Xs icnpw Adn-bmhp--Xm-Wv Fpw ]d-n-p-v.
Alv: 64-, P\- `nn-n-p hnjbw Ahv shfn-hm-p--Xn-\v -th-n-b
msX \n\v \mw {K-an-d-n-bn-n-, hnizm-kn-I-v AXv kamKhpw Imcp-Wyhpw
Xs-bm-Ip-p Fp-]-d-n-p-v. _Jd: 113,147,186,213, Ben-Cw-dm: 101103, amCZ: 105,
ABw: 153 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-pI.
160. Bcv Hcp \bpwsImv (Am-lp-hns ASp) hcp-p-thm, Atm
Ah\v A-Xns ]n-cn {]Xn-^-e-ap-v. Bcv Hcp XnbpwsImv hcppthm, Ah\v Ah sNbvX Ip-n\v XXmb {]Xn-êamsX \IpX. Ah- A]wt]mepw A\oXn sN-s-Sp-I-bpan.
\_n (k) ]Tn-n-p: \nbw \n-fpsS DS-a-bmb \mY \n-tfmSv hfsc ImcpWy-ap-h
- \
- m-Wv. \n-fn-sem-cm Hcp \ {]hn-m Dt-inp, Fnv AXv {]hnn-, Ah-\Xv Hcp \-bmbn tcJsSppw. C\n Ah B \ {]hn-p-I-bm-sWn Ah\v ]p apX Fgp-qdv Cc-n-h-sc, Asn IW-n-m \-I-fmbn
tcJ-s-Sp-p--Xm-Wv. Ahcn Hcm Hcp Xn sNm Dt-in-p, Fnv AXv
{]hn-ns-n AXv A-h-s\mcp \-bmbn tcJ-s-Sp-p--Xm-Wv. C\n Ah-\Xv
{]hn-p-sh-n AXv H-cp Xn am{Xambn tcJ-s-SppXm-Wv. _Jd: 261, Ankm-Av: 85,100 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
ABw (6)
675
161. ]d-bpI {]hm-NI

- m: \nbw Fs dv Fs t\sc sNms-bp amKntev amK-Zi\w sNbvXn-cn-p-pEPp-am-\-k-\mb C_vdm-lo-ans h{IX-tb-Xp-an-m Zo\n-tev. Atlw Hcn-epw Am-lp-hns A[n-Im-cmh-Im-i--fn ]p-tNp--h-cn s]-h-\pam-bn-cp-n-.
\lv: 123- Amlp ]-d-bpp: ]ns, Xo-bmbpw \o C_vdm-lo-ans amKw
EPpam-\-k-\mbn ]np-Sv sIm-W-sa-v \mw \n\v Znhy-k-tiw \In, Atlw
Hcn-epw Am-lp-hns A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i--fn ]p-tNp--h-cn s]-h-\pam-bncp-n-. ^mnl: 5, _Jd: 130,135, ABw: 79,105-110 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
162. ]d-bpI {]hm-NI
- m: Fs \a-kvIm-chpw Bcm-[\m I-f
- pw, Fs PohnXhpw ac-W-hp-samw k-temIfp-sSbpw DS-a-bmb Am-lp-hn-\m-Ipp.
_Jd: 131 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. (\p-kp-v) Fp-]-d-Xn, _en-Ihpw
asm Bcm-[-\m I-fpw Ds-Sp-p. _Jd: 128, R-fpsS Bcm-[\m-I Rv ]Tn-npXtc-W-ta Fv C_vdmlow \_n-bpw Ckvam-Cu \_n-bpw
{]mn-Xm-bn ]d-n-p-v. lv: 34, \mw Fm Hmtcm kap-Zm-b-n\pw Hcp _enIw \n-bn-n-pv Fpw -]-d-n-p-v.
Bcm-[\m I-v (a\m-knIv) F ]Z-amWv Jp-B {]tbm-Kn-n-p -Xv.
Fm Ben-Cw-dm: 10-s hni-Zo-I-c-W-n \_n ]Tn-n Im^n-dp-I, (C_mZv) F ]Zn\mWv Bcm-[\ Fw ]d-bp--Xv. C_m-Zv F-Xns hnh, PohnXw apgp-h Am-lp-hn\v kan-p-sImv Ahs {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmbn PohnXw
\bn-pI Fm-Wv (^m-nl: 4, _Jd: 152 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). As-n
Amlp-hns\ Pohn-n-pI Fm-Wv. Am--h ]nim-Nns\ Pohn-n-p--h-cpw, AhcpsS PohnXw ]nim-Nn-\p-- C_m-Zp-am-Ipp.
163. Ah\v bmsXmcp ]p-Im-cp-an-, AXp-sImv Rm Iev]n--s-n-cn-p-p,
Rm Ah\v kkzw kan--h-cn Hm-a\pamIpp.
AXp-sImv Rm Iev]n--s-n-cn-pp Fp-]-d-m, Ah\v bmsXmcp ]pIm-scbpw tNm-Xn-cn-p-Xn\v Rm Iev]n--s-n-cn-p-p Fm-Wv. ^mnl: 4,
164. Ah-tcmSv tNmZnp-I: Rm Am-lp-hns\qSmsX thsdmcp \mYs\ At\zjn-p-It- bmkI-e h
- k
- vXp-f
- p-sSbpw \mY Ah- am{Xam-bn-cns? Fm
Hmtcm \^vkpw AXn-\pthn-b-msX Hpw km-Zn-p-n. `mcw Npa
p Hcmfpw asm-cp-hs `mcw Npa-p-I-bn-. ]ns \n-sfmw Xs
\n-fpsS \mY-\n-tev aSs-tSh-cm-Ip-p. Atm \n GsXmcp
hnj-b-n-emWv `nn-n-cpsXv Ah \ntfmSv hnhcw ]dpXcp-Xpam-Wv.
ABw: 153,159 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. kzKhpw \c-I-hp-samw Ah-c-h Xs-bmWv
km-Zn-t--sXv Cu kqhpw ]Tn-n-p-p. kpa: 7, ^mXzn: 18, Ckvdm-Av: 13-15,
676
JpB\ns Bmhv
\Pvav: 38 XpS-nb kq-fn, `mcw hln-p Hcmfpw asm-cmfpsS `mcw hln-p-Ibn-sv ]d-n-p-v. `mcw Npap Hcmfpw asm-cp-hs `mcw Npa-p-I-bn- Fp-]d--Xn\npw `mcw hln-m, hnNm-c-W-bn-msX kzK-n t]mIp km_n-Jov AYhm Jp-B-s\bpw Am-lp-hn-s\bpw Pohn-n-p--hv, ip]mi sNm
A[n-Imcw e`n-p-sa-m-Wv a\-n-em-t--Xv. ^mnl: 1, _Jd: 286, An-km-Av:
4851, ABw: 14,31,104 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
165. Ah Xs-bm-Ipp \nsf `qan-bn {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fm-n-b-Xpw, \n-fn
Nnev ap Nne-tc-m Db m\-am-\- \In-bXpw\nv
\InbXn \nsf ]co-n-m thn-. \nbw \ns \mY hfsc
thK-n inn-p--h-\pw, \nbw Ah Gsd s]mdp-p-- Imcp-Wy
hm\pw Xs-bm-Ip-p.
_Jd: 30 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. A-Im-kp: 8 Amlp ]d-bp-p: ]ns
hn[n-Zn-hkw Fm A\p-{K-l-sfpdnpw \n tNmZyw sN-s-SpIXs sNpw.
Aplm: 11, Atm \ns dns A\p-{K-l- {]Jym-]n-p-I Fp-]-d-n-pv. Ghpw henb B\p-{Klw Jp-B-\m-Wv. `qan AXns kp-e-\-n \ne-\nm\p Aam-\-m-W-Xv (_Jd: 283, Alvkm-_v: 72-73 Iqn-hmbnp-I). Cu JpB e`np--Xn\pav \o hgn-b-dn-bm {]-b--h-\m-bn-cpp Fv bqkp-^v: 3epw, Jp-B
Inn-bn-v \o {]-b--h-\m-I-cpXv, Am-lp-hns\ Jp-B-\n\nv ]cn-N-b-sv hnizmkw
cq]-s-Sp-t--hn-[w cq]-s-Sp--W-sav AAvdm^v: 205epw ]Tn-n-p-p. Zmcn{Zyw
\nam\w sNm\pw A\m-Y kwc-Ww {]bm-k-c-ln-Xamhm\pw, imnbpw kam[m-\hpw e`n-m\pw a\p-jy-cpsS sFIyw \ne\nm\pap D]-I-c-W-amWv G-hpw
henb A\p-{K-lamb Jp-B. JpB-\mWv sFiz-cyw, AXn\ptijw Zmcn-{Zyan,
Jp-B-\n-msX sFiz-cy-hp-an- Fv \_n (k) ]Tn-n--Xns s]mcpfpw CXpXsbmWv. `qan-bn c-sm-cn-n, hKo-b-X, tZio-b-X, kwL-S\m]-]m-Xw, enwK-]-]mXw, kzP\]-]m-Xw, a{w, amc-Ww, kzmX, Akq-b, Al-m-cw, s]mw
\Sn, ]pdw]qv ]d-b, ep_v[v, [qv, ]qgvn-sh-v, Icn--, ]en-i, NqXm-w,
ambw-tN, I--S-v, tem-dn, Nqj-Ww XpS-nb Fm Xn-Ifpw Cm-bva sNm\p D]-Ic
- Ww Jp-B\ns Bi-ba
- m-Wv. Cu eyn-\p-thn Jp-B\ns Bibw
]TnpIbpw ]n]-p-Ibpw ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sN-emWv Cs PnlmZv (^pJm: 52
t\mp-I).
\_n (k)-bpsS \Sw, Ccp-w, InS-w, kwkm-cw, Nn XpS-n-b-hsbmwXs
Jp-B-\m-bn-cp-p. Bbni (d)-tbmSv \_n (k)-bpsS kz`m-hspdnv tNmZn--tm
"\_n-bpsS kz`mhw Jp-B\mWv' FmWv adp-]Sn ]d-X
- v. hnizm-kn-If
- mb \psSbpw
kz`mhw Jp-B-\m-bn-cn-Ww. Atm am{Xta AXv Ghpw henb A\p-{K-l-am-hp-Ibp-q. lpP-dm-v: 13 a\p-jysc hnfnv Amlp ]d-bp-p: \nbw \n-sf-sbmw
Rm krjvSn-n-cn-p-Xv Hcm-Wn\npw s]n\np-am-Wv. \nsf tKm{X-fpw
kap-Zm-b--fpamn-am-n-bXv \n ]c-kv]cw Xncn--dn-bm thnam{Xam-Wv. \nfn
Am-lp-hns ASpv Ghpw BZ-c-Wo-b IqSp-X XJvhbp--h-cm-Wv (A-m-lp-hns\
lrZ-b
- n kqnv Pohn-p-h
- ) \_n (k) ]Tn-n-p: Amlp Ahs ImcpWys
ABw (6)
677
\qdv `mK--fmn, AXn sXmqn-sbm-Xpw Ahs ] kqnv Hv am{X-amWv

`pan-bn-tev Ab-n-p--Xv. B `mK-n s] XmWv krn-I ]c-kv]cw ImWn-p
ImcpWyw. Hcp arKw Xs Im Ipnsb _m[n-p-sav `b-s-p-sImv Dbp--Xpw
B Imcp-Wy-ns]-Xm-Wv. kpa: 53 ]d-Xv: \n Am-lp-hns Imcy-n
\ncm-i-s-tS--Xn-, Ah Fmw H-b-Snv s]mdp-p-X-cm Ign-hp--h-\m-Wv FmWv
(kpa: 53-55, lnPv: 49-50, ^pn-e-v: 43 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 112,157, Ben-Cw-dm:
7879,136,182, An-km-Av: 37-39, amCZ: 48,94, A-Bw: 5254 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
Am-lp-th, Fmw AS-n-`-cn-p GIm-[n-]\pw km-[n-]\pw tkzm-[n-]-\pamb R-fpsS DS-a-bmb \mYm, Rsf \o P\- `nn-n-p hnj-b-n \ns
bYm hgn-bn-tev Jp-BsImv amKZi\w sNt-W-ta. \nbw \o AmsX
amKZi\w sNp--h-cn Xs. \ns Fm A\p-{K-l-pw \n {]I-Sn-n-psImv Ftmgpw \ns kvacn-p-sImv \ns {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmbn Pohn-m DS-a-bmb
\o ASn-a-I-fmb Rsf A\p-{K-ln-t-W-ta. Jp-B ]n]-thn[w ]n]-m-\pw,
Jp- B R- \ p- I q- e - a mbn kmn- ] - d - b p- I bpw hmZn- p- I bpw sNp hn[nRs-Xn-cm-bn-D]tbm-K-s-Sp-m\pw Rsf \o A\p-{K-ln-t-W-ta,
XpW-t-W-ta.- \ns al-mb Imcp-Wy-amb Jp-BsImv Rsf ]pWym-m-tfm-sSm-w, hnP-bn-I-tfm-sSmw kzK-n {]th-in-p--h-cm-t-W-ta, Hm IcpW sNp-h-cn IcpW sNp--h-t\.
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
]Z-kq-NnI
Jp-B
kqd-vBbv
Ckvap AAvfw
aev
Pn_vco
aom-bo
Ckvdm-ô
Akvdm-Cu
ZnIv
Xnem-hv
Jndm-Av
PnlmZv
Pnv
_ZhnI
ap\m-^nJv
dkq
apAvan
apkvenw
^mknJv
^mPn
^pm
A_vdm
apPvcnw
Im^n
kzn^v
C_m-Zv
ssiXzm
XzmKqv
kpPqZv
XJvh
apJn
lnPvd
ap\m-Pmv
Bhn-m-hnv hmbn--s-Sp {Kw

Jp-B-\nse Hc[ymbw
Jp-B-\nse Hcp kqw As-n Hcp Zrmw
Am-lp-hns al-mb KpW-\m-aw.
{]-Im-i-m krn--s AtKm-N-c-amb krn-I
Znhy-k-t-iw- Fn-p-sIm-Sp-p--Xn\v G]n--s aev
CSn, an, Imv, ag Fnh sImv G]n--s aev
Imlfn DuXm G]n--s aev
acn-n-p--Xn-\p-thn \ntbm-Kn--s aev
lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn-ep Jp-B-\ns Bibw
{]-Xn-I-cn-p-sIm-p hmb\
]mcm-bWw, hmb\
ey-km-m-XvI-c-W-n-\p XymK-]-cn-{iaw
Xo-zm-e-bm krn--s AtKm-N-c-amb kzX-{-cmb krnI{Km-aoW Ad-_n-I
I-]-S-hn-izm-knZqX
hn-izmkn
kkzw {km-hn\v kan--h
sX-mSn (I-]-S-hn-izm-kn)
B-ibw ]Tn-m {ian-msX Jp-B\ns icocw Xnp--h
^m-Pn-dns _lp-h-N\w
]p-Wym-m-
{`m- (Ip--hm-fn, Nnm-in D]-tbm-Kn-m--h)
kXyadnv aqSn-shp-h
Kp-W-hn-ti-jw
PohnXw apgp-h Dgn-p-sh-pI, hgn-s-Sp-I, A\p-k-cn-pI
]nimNv
Zp-n-I
km-mK{]Wmaw
`b-`-n (\-tbm-Sp BImw, Xn-tbm-Sp-fpf shdpv)
A-m-lp-hns\ lrZ-b-n kqn--h
H-fn-tmw (]m-em-b-\w)
Iq-Sn-mgvN
A\p_w
]Z-kq-NnI
l-phnZm-Av
XuloZv
inv
apivcnv
aplvI-av
hnS-hm- lv
G-I-Xz-n A[n-n-X-am-bXv
{k-m-hns A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i--fn ]p-tN
{k-m-hns A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i--fn ]p-tNph
X-Xzm-[n-jvTnXw
auC-f-plk-\vXXzm-[n-jvTnX kq--fpsS kam-\-amb D]a DZm-l-c-W-
lnIvav
XXz\n`cambXv
lk-\v
\Xv
\nmlv
hnhml DS-Sn
XzemJv
hn-hm-l-tam-N\w
dqlv
ssN-X\yw
Cemlv
Im-WmsX Iv Bsc hnfn-m-tam, BtcmSv klmbw tXSm-tam, Bsc
`b-s-Sm-tam, Bcn `c-ta]nmtam Ah.
Zo
Po-hn-X-hy-h
^nJvlv {Kw
krn-I cNn I imkv{X {Kw
hkzn-v
Hkyv
aZvl_v
`n-m-`n-{]m-bw (b-Ym-n\nv t]mI)
kImv
kwkvI-cWw
Pam-Av
Iqw
PpapA
sh-n-bm-gvN- Dp IqwIqS
Camw
\-a-kvIm-c-n\v t\XrXzw \In apn \np--h
aAvaqav
\a-kvIm-c-n Cam-ans\ ]n-p-S-cp-h
aplvkn
A-m-lp-hns\ IpsImv Ncn-p--h
Jn_ve
temI hnizm-kn-I-fpsS {im-tI{w
am apivcnp-I a-bnse _lpssZhmcm-[-I
Jnbm-a-p-\m
tem-Im-h-km\ Zn\w
dv
DSa, \mY
kzlm_n
\_n-bpsS kl-hm-knKzmho
e-y-t_m[w \-sh
Kzm^n-eo
{]-b--h
C_veokv
Bi-b--h (]n-im-Nv)
Dep Akvap-I ZqX-m-cn t{ijvT
Jeo^
{]Xn-\n[n
JpXp_
PpapA Zn\-nse {]`m-jWw
kn-ZpCkvXn-Kv^ms]m-dp--ens\ tXSp--Xn-\p Ghpw t{ijvT-amb {]m\
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
]Z-kq-NnI
kzndm-papkvX-Jowt\scsNms-bp amKw
AlvepIm
`mcykm-\-
aplm-Pn
Akzm
ln^vfv
XPvhoZv
Kz\o-av
hpfq-Av
Xbqw
dI-Av
dpIq-Av
_kJv
apkvXu-Z-Av
apkvX-Jdv
apAvPnkv
\_n
An-bm-Av
henv
Huen-bm
Dv
Juav
Ckvdm-Av
anAvdmPv
ico-Av
Xu_
CPvXn-lmZv
Benw
B_nZv
XIv_o
Xkv_olv
Xlveo
Clvdmw
alvZn Camw
lnPmkv
aoJmv
]mem-b\w sNbvX-h
aplm-Pn-dp-Isf klm-bn--h
ImWmsX ]Tn-
]m-cm-bW apd
bp apX
AwKipoIcWw
ipn- Dt-in-p-sImv ap-sImv XSh
\-a-kvImcns bqWnv (\nhpw Ip\n-b-ep-a-S-n-b-Xv)
Ip-\n-b
ad (]-c-tem-I-n-sbpw Cl-tem-I-n-s-bp-an-S-bn-ep ka-bw)
tKm-Uu (_kJv Pohn-X-n-\p ew)
sF-lnI Pohn-X ]mnSw
Zn-hym-pXw
hr-mw e`n-p--h
\-_n-am
kw-c-I, tXmg
kw-c-Iam, tXmg
k-ap-Zmbw, {]m\w
P-\X
cm-{]-bmWw
kzKmtcm-lW IqSn-mgvN
I amKw
]-m-m]w
K-th-jWw
Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-a-dn-bp ]WvUnX
C_m-Zn apgp-In-b-h
A-m-lp-hns\ alXzsSp-
]cn-ip--s-Sp-
Am-lp-hns G-I-Xzw {]Jym-]n-
{]tXyI- hkv{X-a-Wnv lnt\m Dwdtmthn {]th-in-pI
A-h-km-\-Im-ev lnPm-kn h-cp \oXn-am-\mb t\Xmhv
a-bpw aZo\bpa-S-nb `q{]tZiw
Clvdm-an {]th-in-m- \nPs-Sp-nb m\-
A\p_w
]Z-kq-NnI
Ckvemw
{]IrXn Pohn-X-coXn
Pmln-en-v
A-Imc PohnXcoXn
Cim Amlv
A-mlp Dt-in-m
\^vkv
B-mhv
kno
Zp\--fpsS ]nI
Cn-o
k--\--fpsS ]nI
Iemw
kw-kmcw
Xpa-Av\o\v
imnbpw kam-[m-\-hpw Ddpw e`n Ah
hpkvXzm\a-kvImcw Xpa-Av\o\tmSpIqSn-bp \a-kvImcw
dJo_v
\--bpsS \nco--I-\pw Ipdn-p-Im-c-\p-amb aev
AoZv
Xn--bpsS \nco-I\pw Ipdn-p-Im-c-\p-amb aev
amenv
\-c-I-ns ]mdm-hp-ImcpsS t\Xm-hmb aev
cnfvhm
kzK-ns ]mdm-hp-Im-cpsS t\Xm-hmb aev
iv
D-]m[n
Cuam
hn-izmkw
X^vko
hym-Jym\w
Aam-\v
hniz-kn-t]n-Xv, D-c-hm-Znw
lpZm
k-mKw, amK-Zi\w
fzmenw
A{Ian
Ien-amv
h-N-\- (Jp-B-\ns hymJym-\w)
lem
A\p-h-Z-\obw
ldmw
\n-jnw
akvPnZp ldmw
cw Nnepw hmZtIm-em-l-e-fpw \njn--amb a-bnse ]n
ss_p apJ-n-kv--ê-kvXo-\n-ep ]cn-ip--amb hoSv
Zp\n-bmhv
Cl-temIw
alvid
hnNm-c-W-p-thn Hcp-an-p-Iq--s-Sp k`
ss_Av
kXy-{]-Xn
JznkvXzv
\oXn
Zm-p Afv Ah-km\\mfns e-W-ambn ]pd-s-Sp arKw
ako-lp--m
Ckvemans\ ambvp-I-f-bp I-hmZn
ilm-Zv
kXy-kmyw
Ip^v^m
ASn-Sn kXys Xn--dbp-h
bAvPqPv aAvPqPv Ah-km\\mfns e-Wa
- mbn ]pd-s-Sp `qan-bn \miw hnX-p
cv hn`m-Kw- P\
hkzo-ev
Am-lp-hns kmao]yw t\Sm-\p D]m[n
CkvXn-Kmk
C-S-tXw

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Jp-B-\ns

aplvbpo apl--Zv, Ccp-pgn

kvs{Sbvv ]mv JpB FUyp-t-j

Quraninte Athmavu (Adhikr) Malayalam Vol-1

29. AAI-_qv (Nnen)

30. Adqw (tdm-a-m)

3. Ben-Cw-dm (Cw-dm IpSpw_w)

32. APZ (km-mw-Kw)

33. AAlvkm_v (Iqp kw-Lm)

35. ^mXzn (hncn-n-ph)

37. Azm^mv (A-Wn-tNcp--h)

38. kzmZv (I-v)

39. Apa (Iq)

41. ^pn-ev (kv]-am-bXv)

44. Ap-Jm (]pI]Sew)

45. APmknb (app-Ip-p-Xv)

46. AAlv-Jm^v (aWq-\-I)

48. A^Xvlv (Pbn--S-)

49. AlpPvdmv (A-d-I)

21. AAn-bm-Av ({]-hm-N-I-m)

22. Alv (Xom-S-\w)

23. Aap-Avan\q(kXyhn-izm-knI) 118

51. Am-cn-bmv (hnX-dp Imp-I) 60

52. Azq (Xq ]-Xw)

53. APvav (XmcIw)

54. AJa (N{)

55. Adlvam (]-c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I)

28. AJkkv (kw`h Ncn{Xw)

58. AapPm-Zne (Xn-p--h)

59. Aliv (Hcp-anpIqS)

88. AKm-jnb (aqSp--hn-\mikw`-hw)

89. A^Pv ({]`m-Xw hnS-c)

90. A_eZv (\mSv)

62. APpapA (H-n-p-Iq-S)

64. A-Km-_p (em`-\Zn-\w)

65. Az-emJv (hnhm-l-tam-N-\w)

66. Alvcow (\ntcm-[-\w)

67. Aapv (B[n-]-Xyw)

69. AlmJ (Dd kw`hw)

97. AJZv (\nW-bw)

98. A_n\ (hy-am-bXv)

101. AJm-cnA (alm kw`-hw)

93. Aplm (sXfn {]`m-Xthf) 11

74. Aap-kn (]pXv aqSn-b-h)

103. A-A-kz (Imew)

75. AJnbma (Ay-Zn\w)

104. Alp-ak (Bt]I)

76. ACkm (a\p-jy)

107. Aam-Du (klmb hkvXp-) 7

108. AIu-k- ([m-cm-fw)

110. A-kzv (Znhy-k-lm-bw)

111. AakZv (]\-\m-cv)

112. ACJvemkv (\njvI-f-X)

113. A^eJv ({]`m-Xw)

]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I\pw Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[n-bpamb Am-lp-hns \maw-sImv

ZpamKhpamb Jp-B-\ns Bm-hv ]Tn-np Fm-Wv. ]nsbmWv a\p-jysc

mbn, AXns kn\nv {kmhv C{n-bs (\pXzv^) cq]-s-Sp-n. ]nXmhpw

Im-en-Isf tabvp-Xn-\pthn e-at- \zjnv, Ah-km\w Cy-bn Fnt

bpw, Ah-cpsS kzm-Xm]-cy--\p-k-cn-v, Zo\ns\ hf-sm-Sn-p-I-bpw

hpw ss{IkvX-hpw, apkvenpw shtsd {K- F cq]-n-e-.

bXv Fp-]-d-n-p-v. \lv: 102, Ap-A-dm-Av: 193, \_-Av: 38 kq--fn,

ambn bpw \S-p-I-bp-ap-mbn. Cu bp-n Jp-B a\-:]mTamnb Iptd

AXv AXp-ey-am-b, AP-a