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Sample Midterm Examination for Plant Biology 102. This sample exam covers lectures 1-14.

The answers are provided at the end of the file.

1. Currently we recognize _______ kingdoms of life on earth. a. 3 b. 4 c. 5 d. 6 e. none of the above 2. Algae are in kingdom a. Protista b. Plantae c. Fungi d. Animalia e. none of the above 3. The sporophyte stage of an organism's life cycle is where a. there is a diploid set of chromosomes b. gamete formation occurs c. there is a haploid set of chromosomes d. the alternation of generations takes place e. the organism's phytes are made 4. The binomial system of taxonomic nomenclature for plants was originated by a. Theophrastus. b. Aristotle. c. Linnaeus. d. Plato. e. Hogg and Haeckel. 6. Prokaryotic cells have a. membrane-bound organelles b. nuclei c. mitochondria d. ribosomes e. none of the above 7. Which of the following is true about the Kingdom Protista? a. all organisms are prokaryotic b. all organisms are photosynthetic c. all organisms are heterotrophic d. all organisms are autotrophic e. all organisms are eukaryotic 11. The taxonomic level of family includes a greater number and higher diversity of organisms than does the level of

a. genus b. kingdom c. division d. class e. order 12. Which of the following groups is most closely related to plants? a. Clorophyta b. Fungi c. water molds d. kelp e. diatoms 13. The gradual buildup of nutrients in a lake is called a. nutrification. b. nitrogen fixation. c. eutrophication. d. spring turnover. e. pollution. 14. Bryophytes differ from ferns by a. having spores, whereas ferns do not have spores b. having a dominant diploid life history stage instead of a dominant haploid phase as in ferns c. having stomata, whereas ferns do not have stomata d. having flagellated sperm cells, whereas ferns produce pollen e. having no vascular tissue, whereas ferns have xylem and phloem 15. In bryophytes the sporophyte stage a. has a haploid set of chromosomes b. grows out of the tissues of the gametophyte c. is completely independent of the gametophyte d. is where diploid spores are produced e. is where the phyte is produced to make a bryophyte 16. The male gamete of a bryophyte is is known as a. the sporophyte b. an embryo sac c. sperm d. pollen e. an endospore 17. Which anatomical feature(s) do ferns possess that improves their ability to live on land? a. drought resistant seeds. b. woody cones. c. motile gametes. d. vascular tissue. e. none of the above is correct. 18. Bryophytes a. have xylem and phloem.

b. all have relatively tiny seeds. c. produce their gametes in singlecelled sex organs. d. are mostly parasites of other plants. e. need water for fertilization. 19. Another way mosses and ferns differ is that a. ferns are land dwellers and mosses are basically aquatic. b. ferns have eggs and mosses have spores. c. ferns have swimming sperm and mosses do not. d. ferns have a dominant sporophyte stage and mosses have a dominant gametophyte stage. e. ferns form spores and mosses do not. 20. Gymnosperms include a. bryophytes and ferns b. liverworts, whisk ferns and orchids c. horsetails, psilotum and hornworts d. Ginkgo and Welwitschia e. Ulva and Fucus 21. Pines belong to the group of plants known as a. Cycadophyta b. Ginkgophyta c. Anthophyta d. Coniferophyta e. Gnetophyta 22. The gymnosperms most closely related to angiosperms are the a. Seed ferns b. Gnetophyta c. Coniferophyta d. Ginkgophyta e. Cycadophyta 23. Gymnosperms produce male gametes in a. a protonema b. an antheridium c. a seed d. a spore e. a pollen grain 24. Which of the following characteristics are present for the first time in gymnosperms and therefore represent an "advance" over ferns? a. spores b. woody tissue c. pollen d. all of the above e. b and c

25. Flowering plants are also known as a. bryophytes b. angiosperms c. gymnosperms d. ferns e. Gnetophyta 26. In double fertilization a. one sperm fuses with the egg and the other sperm reproduces by mitosis b. one sperm fuses with the egg and the other sperm fuses with the polar nuclei c. one sperm fuses with the archegonium and the other sperm fuses with the antheridium d. one sperm fuses with the egg, which doubles in size because of meiosis e. one sperm fuses with the egg, and the other sperm fuses with the nucellus 27. In angiosperms, seed are produced in a. fruits. b. cones. c. sporangia. d. special structures on the backs of leaves. e. flowers. 28. The nutrient reserve of the grass seed is derived from a. the nucellus. b. the cotyledon. c. the endosperm. d. the embryo. e. the seed coat. 29. Plants that are wind pollinated have a. showy flowers. b. feathery, sticky stigmas. c. nectar. d. exposed petals. e. no endosperm. 31. The dispersal unit of most fungi is a. the mycelium. b. the hyphae. c. the ascus. d. the fruit. e. the spore. 32. Which characteristic is common to all fungi? a. cellulose cell walls b. peptidoglycan cell walls c. chitin cell walls d. prokaryotic e. chlorophyll

33. The atmosphere on the early earth was quite different than it is today. One gas was missing compared to the present day atmosphere, and this was: a. H2 (hydrogen). b. CH4 (methane). c. O2 (oxygen). d. NH3 (ammonia). e. H2O (water). 34. The first organsims to evolve on earth were: a. bacteria. b. blue-green algae. c. yeast. d. protista. e. viruses. 35. Humans appeared on earth a. during the age of the dinosaurs b. when plants invaded the land c. during the Cenozoic d. in the Paleozoic e. when flowering plants evolved 36. Plants invaded the land during the a. Cenozoic. b. Mesozoic. c. Paleozoic. 37. The study of the relationships of organisms to each other and to their environment a. physiology b. ecology c. genetics d. morphology e. environmental science 38. A community is a a. unit composed of all the organisms living in a given area. b. random collection of organisms. c. collection of animals. d. collection of plants. e. collection of plants and insects. 43. The largest carbon reserves on earth are a. in the atmosphere b. in the ocean c. in rocks d. in plants e. in animals

44. Carbon is released from living systems through a. photosynthesis b. electron transport c. respiration d. weathering e. turnover 45. A seed plant that forms nodules hosting nitrogen-fixing bacteria is: a. potato. b. tomato. c. wheat. d. corn. e. soybean. 46. One element that is very important in algal blooms is: a. boron. b. calcium. c. phosphorus. d. carbon. e. oxygen.

Answers: 1d, 2a, 3a, 4c, 5a, 6d, 7e, 8c, 9e, 10d, 11a, 12a, 13c, 14e, 15b, 16c, 17d, 18e, 19d, 20d, 21d, 22b, 23e, 24e, 25b, 26b, 27a, 28c, 29b, 30d, 31e, 32c, 33c, 34a, 35c, 36c, 37b, 38a, 39e, 40c, 41c, 42e, 43b, 44c, 45e, 46c, 47a, 48d, 49c, 50d

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