UC Excel 2010 - Module 2 - Calculations

2 Microsoft Excel 2010
MODULE
Power Of Calculations
For
DASH DESIGNS CONSULTING Technology Training and Consulting Services
Excel 2010 Power of Calculations For The Haas School, UC Berkeley Dash Designs Consulting
Microsoft Excel 2010 Power of Calculations For The Haas School of Business, University of California
Revised: August 7, 2011
Copyrights and Trademarks
2011, Dash Designs Consulting, Jerry Maletsky San Rafael, CA 94903 email: jerry@dashdesignsconsulting.com web site: www.dashdesignsconsulting.com fax (415) 491-1490
Dash Designs Consulting gives permission to the Haas School of Business of the University of California at Berkeley to reprint this training manual for internal use only. No re-sale of this material or renunciation of copyrights are granted by this author.
Any mention or use of Microsoft, University of California, or any third party products is hereby acknowledged by Dash Designs Consulting to be for the sole purpose of editorial and educational use of this training manual and for the benefit of the mentioned
Excel 2010 Power Of Calculations

Table of Contents
Calculation Fundamentals ............... 2 Excel Core Functions ...................... 4 Functions That Include Text
.......... 12
Insert Function Dialog Box ............ 18 Creating Absolute References ........ 20 Named Ranges In Formulas ........... 22 Calculating Across Worksheets ....... 26 AutoCalculate Feature .................. 28 Checking Errors in Calculations ...... 29 Formula Auditing Tools ................. 30
Reference Workbook: UC Excel 2010-Calculations Workbook.xlsx
CHAPTER
Microsoft Excel 2010 Power of Calculations For
Jerry Maletsky Dash Designs Consulting Technology Training and Consulting
Excel 2010 Power of Calculations For The Haas School of Business, UC Berkeley - Dash Designs Consulting
CHAPTER
Calculation Fundamentals
Reference Worksheet: Regional Sales
Creating Simple Calculations

Calculations are used to perform mathematical operations on values entered into the cells of the worksheet. The addresses of those cells (i.e., B5) and the appropriate mathematical operator are used to convey the instructions on what and how to calculate in Excel. All calculations begin with an equal sign (=). The equal sign tells Excel that an instruction to perform a calculation is following. You enter the formula into the cell in which you want the result to appear. Since the calculations are based on the values in those cell addresses, they automatically update as the source values are changed. When calculations contain more than one operation, parentheses are required in order to calculate accurately. For example, if you wanted to calculate A5+A7 and then multiply that times the value of D6, the formula should be written as (A5+B7)*D6. The Hierarchy of Mathematics
Operations in Parenthesis Exponentiation Multiplication Division Addition Subtraction
Calculation Fundamentals
CHAPTER
1
Mathematical Outcome
Addition Subtraction Multiplication Division Separates the order of mathematical operations. Calculations in parentheses are performed separately. Converts numbers into percent (i.e., 5.7%) Used for Exponentiation. (i.e., 10^3 which is 10*10*10).
Creating Simple Calculations
Mathematical Operator + (Plus Sign) - (Minus Sign) * (Asterisk) / (Slash)

( ) (Parentheses)
(Percent)
^ (Caret)
Examples of Simple Calculations =A7+B12 =A7-D6 =A7*J5 =H12/M34 =(A5+B7)*D6 Adds value in cell A7 to value in cell B12 Subtracts value in cell D6 from value in cell A7 Multiplies value in cell A7 times value in cell J5 Divides value in cell H12 into value in cell M34 Adds value in cell A5 to value in B7 and takes that result and multiplies it times value in cell D6
CHAPTER
Excel Core Functions

Reference Worksheet: Core Functions
Creating Calculations With Functions

Functions are built-in shortcuts for creating calculations. There are hundreds of functions in Excel. Each has its own unique purpose in calculating values. Functions simplify and shorten the methods in which we calculate. As with all calculations, functions begin with an equal sign, followed by the name of the function and a pair of parentheses. Inside the parenthesis, the arguments for that function are placed. Arguments can be a variety of information. It can simply be a reference to a cell range. For example, =Sum(B5:B35). There are a group of functions that perform basic calculations that are created in the same manner as the Sum function. They include: Sum Average Examples are:
=Sum(B5:B35) =Average(B5:B35) =Min(B5:B35) =Max(B5:B35) =Count(B5:B35) =StDev(B5:B35) Adds the values in the cell range B5 through B35 Calculates the average value in the cell range B5 through B35 Finds the lowest value in the cell range B5 through B35 Finds the highest value in the cell range B5 through B35 Counts the number of cells that contain only numbers in the cell range B5 through B35 Estimates standard deviation based on a sample. Standard deviation is a measure of how widely values are dispersed from the average value (the mean).
Min Max
Count StDev
Excel 2010 Formula Tab
CHAPTER
Calculating With The AutoSum Button

Excel has a great shortcut to use when you want to add values in cells. It is the AutoSum button on the Standard Toolbar. Simply click in a blank cell just below the values you want to add (or just to the right of the cells you want to add) and click the AutoSum button. Excel will automatically create the calculation with all the proper syntax (i.e. =Sum(A5:A12)). All you have to do is verify that Excel has included the correct cells you want to calculate and then click the AutoSum button again. This will finish the formula. Note: Even if Excel does not select the correct cell range you can simply replace the incorrect range with the correct cells by selecting the appropriate cells with your mouse and then clicking the AutoSum button to finish the calculation.
AutoSum Button on the Home Tab
AutoSum Button on the Formulas Tab
CHAPTER
Calculating With The AutoSum Menu

The AutoSum menu contains shortcuts to the basic functions that have the same syntax (that is, they are written the same way) as the Sum function. The other basic functions, Average, Count, Min, and Max are listed here. Other functions can be accessed by clicking the More Functions option on the AutoSum menu.
Steps: Click into the blank cell in which the result is to appear Click the AutoSum menu and select the appropriate function Verify that the correct cell range has been selected or select the
correct cell range with your mouse
Click the Checkmark

Formula Bar or press Enter
on the
Note: In Office 2010, some command buttons consists of two parts. One part (the top half) executes the default option (in this case, Sum) the bottom half displays a list of more options (in this case, the core functions)
CHAPTER
Calculating With The Average Function

The Average function automatically finds the average value within a selected range of cells. That is, it adds all the values in the specified cell range and divides by the number of cells that had a value in it. The Average function does not include empty cells or cells that have text in them. It does however, include zero in its calculations. If you want to include text as part of your average, use the AverageA function. Text is then calculated as a zero value Note: Even if Excel does not select the correct cell range, you can simply replace the incorrect range with the correct cells by selecting the appropriate cells with your mouse and then clicking the checkmark (see steps on previous page) on the Formula Bar or by pressing Enter.
CHAPTER
Calculating With The Max Function

The Max function automatically finds the highest value within a selected range of cells. The Max function does not include empty cells or cells that have text in them. It does however, include zero in its calculations. If you want to include text as part of your calculation use the MaxA function. Text is then calculated as a zero value Note: Even if Excel does not select the correct cell range, you can simply replace the incorrect range with the correct cells by selecting the appropriate cells with your mouse and then clicking the checkmark (see steps on previous page) on the Formula Bar or by pressing Enter.
CHAPTER
Calculating With The Min Function

The Min function automatically finds the lowest value within a selected range of cells. The Min function does not include empty cells or cells that have text in them. It does however, include zero in its calculations. If you want to include text as part of your calculation use the MinA function. Text is then calculated as a zero value Note: Even if Excel does not select the correct cell range, you can simply replace the incorrect range with the correct cells by selecting the appropriate cells with your mouse and then clicking the checkmark (see steps on previous page) on the Formula Bar or by pressing Enter.
10
CHAPTER
Calculating With The Count Function

The Count function automatically counts the number of cells within a selected range of cells. That is, if the specified cell range contains six cells and five of them have numbers in them, the result is five (5). The Count function does not include empty cells or cells that have text in them. It does, however, include zero in its calculations. If you want to include text as part of your count, use the CountA function. Cells with text are counted as well as cells containing numbers. Note: Even if Excel does not select the correct cell range, you can simply replace the incorrect range with the correct cells by selecting the appropriate cells with your mouse and then clicking the checkmark (see steps on previous page) on the Formula Bar or by pressing Enter.
CHAPTER
Calculating With The STDEV Function

The STDEV function estimates standard deviation based on a sample. The standard deviation is a measure of how widely values are dispersed from the average value (the mean). STDEV assumes that its arguments are a sample of the population. If your data represents the entire population, then compute the standard deviation using STDEVP. The standard deviation is calculated using the "unbiased" or "n-1" method. StDev uses the following formula: X is the sample mean Average (number1,number2,) and n is the sample size.
If you want to include text as part of your count, use the STDEVA function. Cells with text in are counted as well as cells containing numbers. Note: Even if Excel does not select the correct cell range, you can simply replace the incorrect range with the correct cells by selecting the appropriate cells with your mouse and then clicking the checkmark (see steps on previous page) on the Formula Bar or by pressing Enter.
See Page 18 for instructions on finding other functions not listed in the AutoSum button.
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12
CHAPTER
Functions That Include Text Entries

Reference Worksheet: Functions With Text
Calculating With Functions That Include Text Entries

Excel provides a group of functions that will calculate all values in a specified cell range including numbers and text. These functions are denoted by an A at the end of the function name. For example, CountA will count the number of non-empty cells within a selected range of cells. Here are some examples:
Function AverageA MaxA MinA CountA StDevA
Example =AverageA(A1:A20) =MaxA(A1:A20) =Min(A1:A20) =CountA(A1:A20) =StDevA(B5:B35)
Description Returns the average of the labels and values in cell range Returns the highest value in cell range Returns the lowest value in cell range Returns the number of cells in range (not blank) Estimates standard deviation based on a sample.
Even if Excel does not select the correct cell range, you can simply replace the incorrect range with the correct cells by selecting the appropriate cells with your mouse and then clicking the checkmark (see below) on the Formula Bar or by pressing Enter.
CHAPTER
Calculating With The CountA Function

The CountA function automatically counts the number of non-empty cells within a selected range of cells. That is, if the specified cell range contains six cells and they either contain numbers or text entries, the result is six (6). The CountA function does not include empty cells. It does however, include zero in its calculations. In order to access the CountA function, you will need to use the More Functions option on the AutoSum menu. Then, in the Insert Function Box, locate the CountA function and fill in the Arguments dialog box with the correct cell range. Note: Even if Excel does not select the correct cell range, you can simply replace the incorrect range with the correct cells by selecting the appropriate cells with your mouse and then clicking the checkmark (see steps on previous page) on the Formula Bar or by pressing Enter.
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14
CHAPTER
Reference Worksheet: Functions With Text
Calculating With The AverageA Function

The AverageA function calculates the average of its arguments, including numbers, text, and logical values. AverageA evaluates text as a zero (0). The AverageA function does not include empty cells. It does, however, include zero in its calculations. In order to access the AverageA function, you will need to use the More Functions option on the AutoSum menu. Then, in the Insert Function Box, locate the AverageA function and fill in the Arguments dialog box with the correct cell range. Note: Even if Excel does not select the correct cell range, you can simply replace the incorrect range with the correct cells by selecting the appropriate cells with your mouse and then clicking the checkmark (see steps on previous page) on the Formula Bar or by pressing Enter.
Evaluates the text as zero (0)
CHAPTER
Calculating With The MaxA and MinA Functions

The MaxA and the MinA functions calculate the highest (MaxA) or the lowest (MinA) of its arguments, including numbers, text, and logical values. MaxA and MinA evaluate text as a zero (0). The MaxA and MinA functions do not include empty cells. They do however, include zero in its calculations. In order to access the MaxA or the MinA functions, you will need to use the More Functions option on the AutoSum menu. Then, in the Insert Function Box, locate the MaxA or MinA function and fill in the Arguments dialog box with the correct cell range. Note: Even if Excel does not select the correct cell range, you can simply replace the incorrect range with the correct cells by selecting the appropriate cells with your mouse and then clicking the checkmark (see steps on previous page) on the Formula Bar or by pressing Enter.
MaxA and MinA evaluate the text as zero (0)
15
Median Function
16
CHAPTER
Finding the Middle Value With The Median Function

The Median function will return the middle value within a group of values. For example, given the values 2, 3, 5, 7, and 10 the median value would be 5 since there are 2 values less than the middle value and 2 values higher than the middle value. If there is an even number of values in the cell range, then MEDIAN returns the average of the two numbers in the middle. Note: Even if Excel does not select the correct cell range, you can simply replace the incorrect range with the correct cells by selecting the appropriate cells with your mouse and then clicking the checkmark (see steps on page 6) on the Formula Bar or by pressing Enter. In the example below, the Median function returned a value of $62,500 because that value falls at the midpoint of the values in the cell range. This can be an advantage in determining a trend in data.
Mode Function
CHAPTER
Find the Most Frequent Occurring Value

The Mode function allows you to find the most frequently occurring value in a cell range. This can provide useful information in establishing a trend in your data. For example, if within a 12 month period the most common number of units sold for a given product is 25, then that might help you establish a more advantageous minimum order value. The Mode function analyzes a given cell range and looks for the most repetitive value used. If there are no repetitive values, then the result will return #N/A which is an error message meaning not applicable. Example: =Mode(B7:E18)
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CHAPTER
Insert Function Dialog Box

Calculating With The Insert Function Dialog Box

The Insert Function Dialog Box is an automated method to create a calculation using any function within Excel. It enters all the proper syntax. That includes the equal sign (=), the proper spelling of the function name, as well as the appropriate commas (separating arguments) and the proper parentheses (i.e. =Sum(B5:B35) ). Note: Even if Excel does not select the correct cell range you can simply replace the incorrect range with the correct cells by selecting the appropriate cells with your mouse and then clicking the checkmark (see steps on page 6) on the Formula Bar or by pressing Enter.
Steps: Click into the blank cell in which the result is to

appear
Click the AutoSum menu (Formula Tab) and

select More Functions option
Select the All category (if necessary) Click into the main list of functions Type the first few letters of the function
name (i.e., Cou for CountA)
Scroll appropriately to locate the proper function and double-click
In the Function Arguments dialog box, enter the appropriate arguments (i.e., the cell range) for what you wish to calculate
Click the OK button to complete the process
CHAPTER

A shortcut to finding a function is to type the name in the search box and click Go Select the Category
Click into main function list and type the first few characters of the function name. Then scroll to locate appropriate function.
Great Tip!
If you want to edit the function later on using the Function Argument dialog box simply click on the result cell and click the function button on the Formula toolbar
Fill in the appropriate required (bold) argument(s) (i.e., select the correct cell range). Then click OK to complete the process.
19
Great Tip! The <F4> key is a shortcut for placing an Absolute Reference in a formula.
20
CHAPTER
Creating Absolute References

Reference Worksheet: Absolute References
Creating An Absolute Reference When Copying A Formula

By default, when a calculated cell is copied, the references in that formula are relatively adjusted for the new location. This process is known as Relative Reference. When copying a formula, the result value is not being copied but that formula's instructions. For example, if the cell that contains the formula =Sum(B5:B10), is copied to the next column to the right, that instruction will be pasted as =Sum(C5:C10). Excel relatively adjusts the formulas cell references to reflect its new location. There are instances when copying a formula, that part or all of the cell reference in that formula should not change when pasted in its new location. This process is known as Absolute Reference. Absolute References always refer to the same original cell reference in that formula. For example, in a worksheet column, a formula is created to calculate the percentage of sales of each product to the total sales for all products (=F6/F20). That calculation is to be copied down to adjacent cells in that column. In that instance, it would be necessary to keep the reference to the total cell (F20) constant so that its reference does not relatively change as that formula is copied down that column. This is accomplished by placing a dollar sign ($) before the column letter and the row number of the total cell reference in that formula (=F6/$F$20). The dollar sign can be typed manually. More efficiently, the function key <F4> can be pressed after typing the cell reference in the formula. This will ensure that the dollar signs are placed correctly. In fact, there are references known as Mixed References where just the column letter or just the row number are Absolutely Referenced. Pressing the <F4> key will cycle through the levels of Relative/Absolute references to that cell reference in the formula.
Cell Reference F20 $F$20 F$20 Reference Type Relative Absolute Mixed Description Row and Column are relatively adjusted when formula is copied. Row and column reference stay constant when formula is copied. Column reference is relative adjusted. Row Reference will stay constant when formula is copied. $F20 Mixed Row reference is relative adjusted. Column Reference will stay constant when formula is copied.
Creating Absolute References
CHAPTER
Creating An Absolute Reference When Copying A Formula Steps: Enter the specified cell reference into the calculation Press the <F4> key (until the required reference is set) Enter the remainder of the calculation (if necessary) Press <Enter> to complete the calculation
In this example, when the formula in C6 (=B6/$C$2) is copied down to the end of the Commissions Paid column, the cell reference to the Commission (C2) will stay constant but the reference to the Total Revenue (B6) will change to B7, B8, B9, etc.
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CHAPTER
Using Named Ranges In Formulas

Reference Worksheet: Naming Cells
Defining A Named Range

You can assign a name to a cell or cell range. The name can be used as a navigational tool, that is, to go to that assigned name, or the name can be used as a replacement for that cell range in a calculation. This can be a very efficient way of creating formulas with less chance for error. In addition, named ranges are Absolute References so that if you copy the formula, that part of the formula will stay constant. You can assign a name to an existing cell or cell range, a value that doesnt have to exist in a cell, or a formula that doesnt have to exist in a cell.
Name Box
RULES FOR ASSIGNING NAMES
Names must start with a letter or an

underscore (not a number)
Names cannot contain spaces (use

underscores for spacers)
Names can be up to 255 characters

long
Names are not case-sensitive Dont use cell references or commands

as names
CHAPTER
Defining A Named Range Steps: Select the cell or cell range you want to name Click into the Name Box (upper left corner of screen) Type a name (no spaces) Press
Enter (Very Important!)
Note: You can only define a name in the Name Box. To edit or delete that named range you must use the Formula Tab: Name Manager command.
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CHAPTER
Reference Worksheet:
Naming Cells
Inserting Names In Formulas

Names can be inserted into a formula by typing in that required name at the appropriate place while creating the formula. A more efficient method, which doesnt require the user to remember how to spell the name, is to insert the name using the Use in Formula command list in the Defined Name Group on the Formula Tab. In addition, the user can press the Function Key <F3> to display the Paste Name dialog box on the screen when the name is to be inserted in the formula.
Use In Formula command on the Formula Tab
Press the Function Key <F3> to display the Paste Name dialog box
CHAPTER
Inserting Names In Formulas
Example of a named range in a formula!
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Great Tip! Arrange the worksheets so that all the worksheets to be included in the formula are in consecutive order so that it is easy to select them!
26
CHAPTER
Calculating Across Worksheets

Reference Worksheet: All Regions Supporting Worksheets: US Sales, Europe, Asia, South America, Australia

Calculations can be performed on one worksheet that reference values on other worksheets in that or other workbooks. These types of calculations are called 3-D Formulas. As an example, a user can be tracking regional sales data on separate worksheets and collect all that data on a summary worksheet. Calculations can be performed either using direct cell references (US Sales!B7+Europe!B7+Asia!B7+Australia!B7) or by using functions (=Sum(US Sales:Australia!B7). In the above example, Excel sometimes requires apostrophes () around worksheet names that contain spaces and an exclamation point (!) after the worksheet name to separate it from the cell references. An efficient method of ensuring the use of the correct syntax is by using the mouse to select the cells referred to in that formula.
Steps: Click on the cell on the worksheet in which you want to

display the result of the formula
Type an equal sign (=) or

Click the AutoSum button Click the Insert Function button or
Select the first worksheet and the cell or cells that

contain the data to be calculated
Hold Shift key and select the last worksheet to include in that
calculation
Press the Enter key or click checkmark on the Formula Bar
CHAPTER
Note: In the example to the right, once the calculation is complete, the formula cell can be copied down and then across by using the AutoFill handle.
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AutoCalculate
28
CHAPTER
AutoCalculate Feature
Analyzing Data With The AutoCalculate Feature

The AutoCalculate feature automatically appears on the Status Bar when you select two or more cells that contain numbers. It provides temporary results that are not placed in any worksheet cell nor will it be printed. The AutoCalculate functions include Sum, Average, Min, Max, and Count. They are accessed by Right-Clicking on the AutoCalculate location.
Functions can be added to AutoCalculate by Right-Clicking on the Status Bar and selecting the function to add
CHAPTER
Checking Errors in Calculations

Reference Worksheet: Error Checking Worksheet
Checking Errors in Calculations

Excel automatically checks your formulas as you alter the worksheet based on a pre-set group of rules. If a formula no longer adheres to those rules, Excel displays an error indicator in the cell and a Smart Tag icon adjacent to that cell.
The error indicator appears as a green triangle in the top left corner of the cell. A common error is when additional data is added to the worksheet and the formula cell does not update to include that data. Excel gives you the option of updating that formula in the error-checking Smart Tag.
Above formula (=Sum(B7:B12)does not include top value cell (B6)

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CHAPTER
Formula Auditing Tools

Reference Worksheet: Auditing Formulas
Using The Auditing Toolbar

Excel provides a tool called the Auditing Toolbar in which formulas can be traced back to their precedent cells. Value cells can be traced to their dependent formula cells. With the Auditing Toolbar, Tracer Arrows are graphically drawn on the worksheet to and from the formula cells. If left activated, they will be printed when the worksheet is printed. Auditing Terms: Cell Precedent: a cell address that is being referenced in a formula. For example, in the formula, =Sum(B5:B85), the cell range B5:B85 would be called the precedent cells. the formula cell which is referencing other cells for its result. For example, in the formula, =Sum(B5:B85), the result cell (i.e. B90) would be called the dependent cell. graphic arrows that show the direction of the data flow to or from a formula cell. There are 3 types of tracer arrows: Blue - Formula Tracer Arrow Red - Error Tracer Arrows Dashed Black - External references (i.e. another worksheet)
Cell Dependent:
Tracer Arrows:
Double-Click To Go To Precedent Cells
CHAPTER
Tracing Precedent Cells Steps: Select the formula cell to be evaluated On the Formulas Tab, Formula Auditing Group Click Trace Precedents button Click again to see indirect levels of Precedents To remove arrows, click Remove Arrows
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1
Steps:
32
CHAPTER
Tracing Dependent Cells Select the formula cell to be evaluated On the Formulas Tab, Formula Auditing Group Click Trace Dependents button Click again to see indirect levels of Precedents To remove arrows, click Remove Arrows
CHAPTER
Using The Auditing Toolbar Formula Evaluation

More complex formulas can be evaluated one step at a time in the order in which the formula is calculated. The Evaluate Formula button on the Auditing Toolbar can accomplish this task.
Steps: Select the formula cell to be evaluated On the Formula Tab, Auditing Group, Evaluate Formula button To evaluate each part of the formula, click Evaluate button To precedent steps of the formula, click Step In button To evaluate the next step of the formula, click Step Out button When complete, click Close button
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Show Formulas - Before
34
CHAPTER
Viewing/Printing Worksheet Formulas

One method of documenting a worksheet is to view its formula instructions. The Formula Tab: Auditing Group: Show Formulas command will replace the worksheets formula results with the instructions in the cells. When the worksheet is printed in this mode, formula instructions will print in place of their results.
Formula Tab: Auditing Group: Show Formulas Command
CHAPTER
Viewing/Printing Worksheet Formulas
Worksheet Displayed With Formulas
You can toggle between Formula Mode and Normal Mode by pressing:
<Ctrl>+ ~ (Tilde)
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CHAPTER
Notes
CHAPTER
Notes
37

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2 Microsoft Excel 2010

DASH DESIGNS CONSULTING Technology Training and Consulting Services

Copyrights and Trademarks

Excel 2010 Power Of Calculations

Microsoft Excel 2010 Power of Calculations For

Jerry Maletsky Dash Designs Consulting Technology Training and Consulting

Creating Simple Calculations

Creating Simple Calculations

Mathematical Operator + (Plus Sign) - (Minus Sign) * (Asterisk) / (Slash)

Excel Core Functions

Creating Calculations With Functions

Excel 2010 Formula Tab

Excel Core Functions

Calculating With The AutoSum Button

AutoSum Button on the Home Tab

AutoSum Button on the Formulas Tab

Excel Core Functions

Reference Worksheet: Core Functions

Calculating With The AutoSum Menu

Click the Checkmark

Excel Core Functions

Calculating With The Average Function

Excel Core Functions

Reference Worksheet: Core Functions

Calculating With The Max Function

Excel Core Functions

Calculating With The Min Function

Excel Core Functions

Reference Worksheet: Core Functions

Calculating With The Count Function

Excel Core Functions

Calculating With The STDEV Function

Functions That Include Text Entries

Calculating With Functions That Include Text Entries

Function AverageA MaxA MinA CountA StDevA

Example =AverageA(A1:A20) =MaxA(A1:A20) =Min(A1:A20) =CountA(A1:A20) =StDevA(B5:B35)

Calculating With Functions That Include Text Entries

Calculating With The CountA Function

Calculating With Functions That Include Text Entries

Reference Worksheet: Functions With Text

Calculating With The AverageA Function

Evaluates the text as zero (0)

Calculating With Functions That Include Text Entries

Calculating With The MaxA and MinA Functions

MaxA and MinA evaluate the text as zero (0)

Reference Worksheet: Core Functions

Finding the Middle Value With The Median Function

Reference Worksheet: Core Functions

Find the Most Frequent Occurring Value

Insert Function Dialog Box

Calculating With The Insert Function Dialog Box

Steps: Click into the blank cell in which the result is to

Click the AutoSum menu (Formula Tab) and

Scroll appropriately to locate the proper function and double-click

Click the OK button to complete the process

Calculating With The Insert Function Dialog Box

Calculating With The Insert Function Dialog Box

Creating Absolute References

Creating An Absolute Reference When Copying A Formula

Creating Absolute References

Using Named Ranges In Formulas

Defining A Named Range

RULES FOR ASSIGNING NAMES