SCIENCE IV

(Physics)
Fourth Year

At the end of the fourth year Science Program, the learner shall have developed
the following competencies:
I. Energy in Society
1. Appreciate the importance of energy resources and energy use in
development

1.1 Explain the role of energy in the development of human society

1.2 Discuss examples of the interaction among energy, technology and
society (e.g. effects of energy in the environment, economic growth
and energy demand; energy resources and energy crisis, etc.)
1.3 Infer that the total mass-energy in the universe is constant
II. Energy and the Environment
1. Understand the principles behind different optical instruments

1.1 Investigate the reflection and refraction properties of light using simple
optical devices (e.g. mirror and pinhole camera)
1.2 Compare the similarities and differences of the principle of the camera
and the human eye
1.3 Explain the different kinds of eyesight defects and how lenses correct
these defects
1.4 Demonstrate total internal reflection, diffraction, interference, and
polarization properties of light
1.5 Explain and cite applications of internal reflection, diffraction,
interference, and polarization properties
1.6 Setup a simple telescope and microscope
1.7 Explain using ray diagrams how image is formed in a telescope and a
microscope
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. Appreciate the contribution of scientists in the development of the atomic
theory and in understanding nuclear radiation

2.1 Discuss the contributions of Becquerel, Pierre and Marie Curie on

radioactivity
2.2 Explain Einstein’s matter-energy equivalence
2.3 Recognize the significance of the contributions of scientists in nuclear
energy and related technology
3. Understand basic concepts of atomic structure and nuclear radiation

3.3 Discuss and compare the types and properties of ionizing radiation
3.4 Interpret equations on nuclear reactions
3.5 Calculate the mass defect and nuclear binding energy of an atom
using the Einstein’s matter-energy equivalence

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 4. Appreciate the uses of nuclear radiation in society

4.1 Explain the effects of these applications on living things and the
environment
4.2 Evaluate the risks and benefits derived from the applications of nuclear
radiation
4.3 Explain the principle of radiation safety and its importance in society
III. Energy in the Home

1. Appreciate the contributions of Franklin, Coulomb, Volta, and Ohm in the

understanding of electricity

1.1 Discuss the significance of the contributions of Franklin, Coulomb,

Volta, Ohm and Filipino inventors/scientists in electrical energy and
related technology
2. Understand the basic concepts and principles of electricity as used in home
circuit connections

2.1 Trace the electrical connections from the meter to the appliances
2.2 Translate circuit diagrams into actual circuits and vice versa
2.3 Measure electric current through a conductor, voltage across it and its
resistance
2.4 Determine experimentally interrelationships among current, voltage and
its resistance
2.5 Apply Ohm’s Law to series and parallel circuits
2.6 Relate power to voltage and current
2.7 Discuss and practice safety measures in dealing with electricity
2.8 Compute electrical energy consumption
2.9 Suggest ways of using electrical energy wisely
IV. Energy and the Economy
1. Appreciate the role of energy generation, utilization and management and
conservation in economic development

1.1 Describe the development of various energy resources in the country

1.2 Evaluate the risks and benefits associated with energy development
2. Recognize the contributions Oersted, Ampere and Faraday to
electromagnetic theory

2.1 Demonstrate Oersted’s discovery

2.2 Compare the contributions of Faraday and Oersted to electromagnetic
theory
2.3 Discuss the significance of Faraday’s contribution to the development of
human society

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 3. Demonstrate understanding of the technology of electrical energy generation
and transmission, and use

3.1 Explain electromagnetic induction

3.2 Discuss how electromagnetic induction is applied to generators and
transformers
3.3 Differentiate a step-up from a step-down transformer
3.4 Describe the energy transformation in electrical power plants
3.5 Describe the energy transformation in electrical energy from a power
station to the community
3.6 Discuss the working principle of an electric motor
3.7 Differentiate a motor from a generator
3.8 Discuss the transformation of electrical energy to different forms
V. Energy in Transportation
1. Trace the development in transportation facilities from the animal-driven to
engine-powered vehicles

1.1 Discuss how the steam engine ushered in the Industrial Revolution
2. Demonstrate understanding of the relationship among force, power, work and
energy

2.1 Explain the relationship of kinetic energy and potential energy to work
and cite applications
2.2 Apply the Law of Conservation of Mechanical Energy in different
situations
2.3 Discuss the Laws of Thermodynamics as applied to heat engines
3. Understand concepts in force and motion as applied to land and air/sea
transport

3.1 Apply Newton’s Laws of Motion to land transportation

3.2 Explain road safety measures using the Law of Conservation of
Momentum
3.3 Explain how the concepts of stress and strain, pressure and the
Archimedes Principle apply to air and/or sea transport
VI. Energy in Information and Communication Technology
1. Trace the development of communication technologies

1.1 Recognize the contributions of Graham Bell, Maxwell, Hertz and

Marconi in the development of telecommunications
1.3 Describe communication in terms of energy transfer and transformations
2. Understand the transformation of energy in a telephone

2.1 Compare the transmission of sound through air with its transmission
through solids, liquids, and a vacuum
2.2 Discuss the factors that affect the speed of sound

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 2.3 Explain how sound waves are produced, transmitted and propagated
2.4 Discuss how information is transmitted and received in terms of energy
transfers and transformations in a telephone
3. Appreciate the properties of electromagnetic waves and how they are used in
communication

3.1 Explain how electromagnetic waves are produced

3.2 Discuss the different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, their
properties and uses

4. Understand the principles involved in radio communications

4.1 Describe how radio signals are generated, transmitted and received
4.2 Explain how radio communication devices (e.g. Cellphones, radio/TV
receivers) work
4.3 Discuss how LASER and fiber optics had improved telecommunication

5. Appreciate rapid transmission of information brought about by developments in

electronics technology

5.1 Differentiate between discrete electronic components and integrated

circuits
5.2 Understand how logic circuits are used in common electronic devices
5.3 Differentiate between digital and analog methods in sending information

6. Understand how the information superhighway has influenced the affairs of

daily living

6.1 Discuss how the information superhighway has influenced the affairs of
daily living

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